942,57501
L66h
v.l
1267283
^JENEAL-OGY
COUUECTION
3 1833 00724 1075
THE
HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES
COUNTY
BUCKINGHAM
o
GEORGE LIPSCOMB, ESQ. M.D.
VOL. r.
"Xi-. c
^cr^'icvp"'
5?&
KonXaon x
J. & W. ROBINS, 57, T O O L E Y S T R E E T.
8 4 7.
TO
THE NOBILITY, GENTRY, AND CLERGY
''^™'= 186T283 ■
COUNTY OF BUCKINGHAM
THIS HUMBLE ATTEMPT TO RECORD AND ILLUSTRATE
THE
HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF THE COUNTY,
■^ MOST RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED AND DEDICATED,
THEIR OBLIGED AND MOST OBEDIENT SERVANT,
GEORGE LIPSCOMB.
SUBSCRIBERS.
m.i
(BY SPECIAL COMMAND,)
The Royal Library at Windsor Castle. Large paper.
HIS LATE MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY, KING WILLIAM THE FOURTH
Large paper.
HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS ADOLPHUS FREDERICK, DUKE OF CAMBRIDGE, K.G. G.C.B. K.B.E. & K.A.
Kew Palace. Large paper.
K.G.
nye pop.
His Grace the Most Bevereud William Ho-nley, D.D., F.R. & A.S. Lobd Archbishop of Caxterbuet, Lambeth Palace, Sur
His Grace the Most Nohle Frauds KiisseU, Duke of Bedford, K.G. AVoburu Abbey, Beds. Large paper.
His Grace the Most Noble Eichai-d Plaiitageuet-Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chaudos-Greiiville, Duke of Buckingham and Cha
Stowe Park. Large paper.
His Grace the Most Noble William Spencer-Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire, K.G. K.A. & D.C.L. Chatsworth, Deibyshii-e.
His Grace the Most Noble Charles SackviUe, Duke of Dorset, K.G. Drayton House, Northamptonshu-e. Large paper.
His Grace the Most Noble Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Grafton, Euston Hall, Suffolk.
His Grace the Most Noble George Spencer-Churchill, Duke of Maklboeough, Blenheim House, Oxou. Large paper.
His Grace the Most Noble Henry Pelham Fieunes-PeUiam-Clinton, Duke of Newcastle, K.G. Clumber Park, Notts. Large paper.
His Grace the Most Noble Henry Charles Howai-d, Duke of Norfolk, Hereditai-y Earl-Marshal, &c. Arundel Castle, Sussex. Large pape
His Grace the Most Noble Algeruou Percy, Duke of Northumberland, Alnwick Castle, Northumberland. Large paper.
His Grace the Most Noble George Granville Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, Duke of Sutherland, K.G. &c. Trentham Hall, Staffordshire.
The Most Hon. Henry William Paget, Marquess of Anglesey, K.G. K.G.H. G.C.B. M.T.&S.G. Field Marshal, &c. Old Burlington Stree
The Most Hon. Thomas Thynne, Marquess of Bath, K.G. & F.A.S. Longleat, Wilts. Large paper.
The Most Hon. Francis Nathaniel Conyngham, Marquess Conyngham, K.P. &c. Buckhurst Pai-k, Berks. Large paper.
The Eight Hon. Montagu Bertie, Earl of Abingdon, D.C.L. Wytham Abbey, Berks. Large paper.
The Eight Hon. George Eobert Hobart-Hampden, Earl of Buckinghamshire, Hampden House, Missenden. Large paper.
The Eight Hon. William Cavendish, Earl of Burlington, Holkai- Hall, Lancashire. Large paper.
The Eight Hon. George Howai-d, Earl of Carlisle, K.G. Castle Howard, Yorkshire.
The Eight Hon. George William Frederick VilUers, Earl of Clarendon, Grove Park, Watford, Herts. Large paper.
The Eight Hon. William Legge, Earl of Dartmouth, D.C.L., F.E. & A.S. Saudwell Park, Staffordshire.
The Eight Hon. George Capel-Coningsby, Earl of Essex, F.S.A. & D.C.L. Cashiobury Park, Watford, Herts.
The Eight Hon. Henry Lascelles, Earl of Harewood, &c. Harewood House, Yorkshire.
The Eight Hon. Eichard William Penn Curzon-Howe, Earl Howe, G.C.B. &c. Penn House. Large paper.
The Eight Hon. Thomas Eobert Hay-Drummond, Earl of Kinnoul, G.C.B. Dupplin Castle, Perthshire. Large paper.
The Eight Hon. William Lowther, E.ikl of Lonsdale, Lowther Castle, Westmoreland. Large paper.
The Eight Hon. Thomas Paiker, Earl of Macclesfield, Sherborne Castle, Oxou.
The Eight Hon. John Talbot, Eabl of Shrewsbury, &c. Alton Towers, Staffordshire.
The Eight Hon. Frederick Speucer, Earl Spencer, C.B. Althorp Park, Northamptonshire. Large paper.
SUBSCRIBERS.
The Right Hou. Catherine- Anne, Cocntess of BKiuGEWAiEn, Ashi'idjje Piu-k. Lnnjc ji'qKr.
The Right Hon. tlie Countess Paulett.
The Right Hon. the Dow.(.GEn Countess of Sefton, Stoke Farm, Colnhrook.
The Right Hon. George Edwoi-d Mouckton-iVrundel, Loud Viscount G,vlway, SerRiy Hall, Notts. Lanji' paper.
The Right Hon. Warwick-Lake, Lokd Viscount L.vke, &c. Aston Clinton. Lurye pupa:
The Right Reverend John Kaye, D.D. & F.R.S. Lokd Bishop of Lincoln, Buckden Palace, Huntingiloushirt. Lrir.ji paint-.
The Right Hon. Charles George Perceval, Lobd Akden, F.R. & S.A. Nork House, Surrey.
The Right Hon. William Bagot, Lobd Bagot, D.C.L., F.S.A. & F.L.S. Blithfleld House, Staffordshire.
The Right Hon. George Irhy, LonD Boston, D.C.L. &c. Hedsor Lodge.
The Right Hon. Robert John Carington, Lobd Cauingion, Lord Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire, i!cc. Wycombe AbbL'v. Lari/: p<ii
The Right Hou. Hugh Chiu-Ies Clifford, Lokd Cliffobd of Cuudleigh, F.S.A. cScc. Ugbrook Park, Devon.
The Right Hon. Joseph Thaddeus Dormer, Lokd Dokmek, &c. Peterley House, Amersham. Larye paper.
The Right Hon. Francis Godolphin-Osborne, Lobd Godolphin, Gogmagog House, Cambridgeshire.
The Right Hon. William Wyiidham, Lord Grenville, D.C.L. & F.S.A. Late Chancellor of the University of Oxford. Laryt papc
The Right Hou. Chandos Leigh, Lord Leigh, Stoneleigh Abbey, Warwickshii-e. Larye paper.
The Right Hon. Henry James Montagu-Scot, Lobd Montagu, D.C.L. Ditton Pork.
The Right Hon. George Nugeut-Temple-GrenviUe, Lord Nugent, G.C.M.G. Lilleys.
The Right Hou. Sai-ah Otway Cave, Baroness Brave, Lutterworth, Leicestershire. Laryc paper.
The Right Hon. Thomas Gbenville, D.C.L. & F.S.A. 2, Hamilton Place, Hyde Park Corner, Loudon. Larye paper.
The Right Hon. Ladv Gbenville, Dropmore, Beaconsfield.
The Right Hou. Richabd Ryder, Westbrook, St. Albau's, Herts.
The Right Hon. Sir Thomas Francis Fbemantle, Bart. Swaubourne.
The Right Hon. Sir William Henrt Fremantle, G.C.H. Holly Grove, Windsor Great Park, Bt-rks.
The Right Hon. Lieutenant-Gbnebal Sir Jaspeb Nicolls, G.C.B. Zarye paper.
The Right Hou. Field-Marshal Sir George Nugent, Bart. G.C.B. & D.C.L. Waddesdon. Larye paper.
The Eight Hon. Sir Gore Odseley, Biu-t. G.C.H., F.A. & R.S. Hall Barn, Beacousfield. Larye paper.
The Eight Hou. Sir George Warrender, Bart. G.C.B. &c. Cliefden House. Larye paper.
The Houourahle Charles Fitzboy, Tickford Abbey, Newjiort Paguell.
The Honourable Frances Knight, Elmhurst House, Great Missenden.
The Honourable Elizabeth Pobtman.
The Honourable and Reverend Frederick Bertie, A.M. Albury, Oxon.
The Houourahle and Reverend Sidney Godolphin Osbobxe, A.M. of Brasenose College, Oxon.
The Honoui-able ami Reverend Chables George Pekceval, A.M. Rector of Calvertou. Larye paper.
The Very Reverend the Dean and Chapter of Westminsteb.
The Vei7 Reverend .James Webber, D.D. Deau of Rijiou, Prebendary of Westmiuster, &c.
The Venerable and Reverend Henry John Todd, F.S.A. Rector of Settriugtou, Aixhdeaoon of Cleveland, I'lebendary of Yurk, .\;c.
Sib Fbederick Baker, Bai-t. F.R.S. & S.A. Larye paper.
Sir Thomas Christopher Banks, Knt. Baronet of Nova Scotia.
Sir John NEWDiG.iTE Ludford Chetwode, Biu-t. Chetwode House.
Sir Andbew Vincent Corbet, Bai-t. Linslade House.
Sir Alexander Croke, Knt. D.C.L. & F.S.A. Studley Priory, Oxon.
Sir East George Clayton East, Bart. Hall Place, Maidenhead, Berks.
Sir James Eyre, Knt. 11, Brook Street, Grosveuor Square, Loudon.
Sir Hugh Richard Hoabe, Bai-t. Lilliugston Dayrell, and Stourhead, Wilts. Larye paper.
Sib Francis Bernard Morland, Bart. Nether Wincheudon. Larye and small paper.
Sib Geobge Nayleb, Knt. K.G.H , K.T.S. & F.S.A, Gai-ler Kiug of Anns, &c.
Sib John So.\ier3Et Pakington, Bart. M.P. Westwood Park, Worcestcrshive.
Sib Thomas Phillips, Bart. F.R.S. & A.S. Middle HiU, Broadway, Worcestershire. Two enphs.
Sir Robebt Fbankland Russell, Bart. Chequers Court, Weudover.
Sib Edward Bowyer Smijth, Bart. Hill Hull, Eiiping, Essex.
Sir Geokge Thomas Staunton, Bart. M.P. Leigh Park, Ilavant.
Sir Robert George Tubockmobion, Bart. Buckland House, Berkshire.
Sib Habby Veiixey, Bart. Middle Chiydon. Larye paper.
Sia .loNATHAN W.iTiiEN Waller, Bart. K.G.H. Braywick Lodge, Berlishiro. Larye paper.
Lieutexaxt-Gexebal Sib James AV.iTsox, K.C.B. Wemlover House.
Sib William Lawrence Young, Bart. North Dean, Wycombe.
The Lady Sabah Lovett, Liscombe House, Soulbuiy. Larye aati entail pap: r.
The Lai.y Morris, Thames Bank, Marlow.
The Lai.v llviiE Pabi;i:b, Park l.aiic, Loudon. Larye paper.
SUBSCRIBERS.
Miss Allen, Thame, Oxou.
Rev. William Andrewes, A.:\r. Rector of Lilliugston Dayrell, &c.
Rev. John Athawes, A.M. Rector of Loiighton.
William James Bnily, Esij. Shenley House.
Miss Bates, Little Missendeu, and Newton St. Loe, near Bath.
Bedford General Library, Bedford.
William Bedford, Esij. F.S.A. Elmhurst, Bath Easton. Larye paper.
WiUiam Bentham, Esq. F.S.A. & L.S. C, Upper Gower Street, London.
Large paper.
Rev. James Wilkes Best, A.M. Chieveley, near Newhury, Berks.
J. Stratford Best, Esq. Denham Mount, near Usbridge.
John Bett, Esq. Tetchwick.
Edward Blount, Esq. Bryanstone Square, London.
William Bonsey, Esq. Belle Vue, Slough.
Henry Bower, Esq. F.S.A. Doncaster, Yorkshire.
Charles Bowles, Esq. Shaftesbury, Dorsetshire.
W. H. Bracebridge, Esq. MoreviUe House, Warwickshire.
Rev. WilUam Mussage Bradford, A.M. Rector of Hedsor.
Reginald Bray, Esq. F.S.A. Great Russell-street, Bloomsbury, London.
William Bray, Esq. F.S.A. Shere, Surrey
Rev. Israel Bull, A.M. Ardenham HUl, Aylesbury. Larye paper.
John C;xllecot, Esq. Holbrook Grange, Leicestershire.
John Carter, Esq. Wycombe.
Henry Carter, Esq. Havenfleld Lodge, near Missenden.
Rice Richard Clayton, Esq. M.P. Hedgerley Park.
Rev. William Cleaver, A.M. Rector of Wanlip, Leicestershire.
Hampden Clement, Esq. Snarestou Lodge, Lincolnshire.
Rev. John Cleohury, A.M. Perpetual Curate of Piddiugton, Oxon.
Charles Clowes, Esq. Delaford, Iver, near UxbriJge.
Robert Clutterbuck, Esq. F.S.A. the Historian of Herts, Watford.
George Corbet, Esq. Old Jewj-y, London.
George Richard Corner, Esq. Eltham, Kent.
Miss CuiTer, Eslitou Hall, Yorkshire. Larye paper.
Miss Curtis, Finemore.
Mr. Thomas Curtis, Quainton.
Edmund DajTell, Esq. late of Lamport House.
Rev. John Langham Dayrell, A.M. Rector o[ Lilliugston Dayrell, and
Vicar of Stowe.
George Dodd, Esq. Chenies.
Thomas Tyrwhitt Drake, Esq. Shardeloes, Amersham.
Philip Duncombe Pauncefort Duncomhe, Esq. Great Brickhill Manor.
Nathaniel Dunbar, Esq. Lambeth, Surrey.
James Dupre, Esq. Wilton Park, Beaconsfield. Larye paper.
John Eagleton, Esq. Brill Farm.
Rev. Howell HoUand Edwards, A M. PrebeudaiT of Westminster, Canon
of St. Asaph, Rector of St. John the Evangelist, Westminster, &c.
Eton College Library.
Rev. William Thomas Eyre, A.M. Vicar of Padbury, and reiq.etual
Curate of Hillesdon.
Robert Albion Fellowes, Esq. Braziers-end, near Chesham.
John Fleming, Esq M.P. Stoneham Pai-k, Hants.
Thomas Flowers, Esq. Whitchurch.
Captain Chai-les Francis Fremantle, Harrow Weald, Middlesex.
Rev. Henry Samuel Foyster, A.M. ditto
Ambrose Glover, Esq. F.S.-A. Reigate, Sm-rey.
Rev. John Goodnll, A.M. Bromham, Beds. Larye paper.
Rev. Joseph Goodall, D.D. F.S.A. Provost of Eton, Canon of Windsor,
and Rector of Hitcham. Larye 2^aper.
Henry H. Goodall, Esq. East India House, London.
Charles Pascoe Grenfell, Esq. Taplow House.
Stacey Grimaldi, Esq. F.S.A. Greenwich, Kent.
George Grote, Esq. Ecclestone-street, Belgrave-square, Loudon.
Hudson Gurney, Esq. V.P.S.A. Keswick, Norfolk.
Gordon WOloughby James Gyll, Esq. Wyriirdisbury House. Large paper.
Chai-les John Baillie Hamilton, Esq. M.P. Thame Park, Oxon. Larye
John Hampden, Esq. Leamington Priors, Warwickshire.
Rev. Renn Dickson Hampden, D.D. Regius Professor of Divinity, Oxon.
Rev. John Hampden, A.M. Rector of Hinton-Martel, Dorset.
Renn Hampden, Esq. M.P. Manor House, Little Mai-low
Philip Augustus Hanrott, Esq. F.S.A. Great Ormoud Street, Londou.
Larye paper.
George Simon Hai-court, Esq. Aukerw7cke House, Wyrai-disbury. Larye
and small jmper.
J. B. Harcourt, Esq. St. Leonai-d's Hill, Windsor, Berks.
Edward Harman, Esq. F.S.A. Larye paper.
Rev. Edwai-d C. Hawtrey, D.D. Head Master of Eton College, &c.
Rev. Thomas Hayton, A.M. Pei-petual Curate of Long Crendon.
George Hibbert, Esq. F.R.S. and A.S. L 4, Albany, Regent's I'ark,
London. Large paper.
John Hibbert, Esq. Chalfont House.
Mrs. Susanna Jemima Hicks, Plomer Hill, near West Wycombe.
George Hickman, Esq. Great Marlow.
Alexander Higginson, Esq. Col. 1st. Regt. Grenadier Guards, Marlow.
John Higgins, Esq. TiU'vey Abbey, Bedfordshire.
Hem-y Charles Hoare, Esq. Wavendon House, Newport. Larye paper.
Henry Hugh Hoai-e, Esq. F.R.S. & S.A. Wavendon.
Henry Jlerrik Hoare, Esq. 31, Y'ork-place, Portman-square, London.
Charles Augustus Hoare, Esq. Hortou Hall.
Christopher Hodgson, Esq. Dean's yiu-d, '^'estminster.
John HoUier, Esq. Thame.
Rev. Arthur Isham, A.M. Rector of Weston Turville.
Isaac D'Israeli, Esq. F.S.A. Bradenham-house.
Mrs. Jackson, Doncaster, Yorkshire.
Rev. Samuel King, A.M. Rector of Latimers.
Mrs. Joseph King, Frogmore House, Wycombe.
Rev. John Kipling, A.M. Vicar of Oakley, and Perpetual Curate ol
Chearsley and Nether Winehendon.
Matthew Knapp, Esq. Little Linford House, near Newport Paguell.
William Law, Esq. Gawcott, Buckingham.
John Lee, Esq. LL.D. F.S.A. HartweU House. Large & small paper.
Rev. Samuel Lee, D.D. Regius Professor of Hebrew, Cambridge, &c.
Richard Lee, Esq. Thame, Oxon
Library of the London Institution, Finsbury, London. Large paper.
Rev. Alexander Lockhart, A.M. Vicar of Stone.
The Directors of the London & North- Western Railway Company
Euston Square, London.
Thomas LoveU, Esq. Choulsbury.
SUBSCRIBERS.
Cajit. Williimi Stauliope Lovell, K.H. TeiTet House, Drajtou Beaucliii
Thomas Lovett, Esq. Liscombe, Soulbiiry.
William Lowndes, Esq. Cbeshom.
William Selby Lowndes, Esq. WLaddon Hall,
Harry Luptou, Esq. Thame, Oxon. Lunje paper.
Alexander M'Dougall, Esq. Parliament-street, Loudon,
Itev. Hichiird Marks, Vicar of Great Misseuden.
Kev. Thomas Martyn, Rector of Ludgershall.
Rev. Richard Meade, A.M. Rector of Horseuden, and Perpetual Curate
of Prince's Bisborough.
.lohu Morice, Esq. F.S.A. Upper Gower Street, Loudon. Lim/e jiaper.
llev. Henry Morice, Ashwell Vicarage, Baldoclc, Herts. Larrfc paper,
Charles Robert Scott Murray, Esq. Danesfleld House, near Medmeuham.
Larije paper.
.lohn Campden Neild, Esq. Cbeyne-walk, Chelsea,
.lohu Wood Nelson, Esq. Upton Court.
.lohn Bowyer Nicholls, Esq. F.S.A. Parliament Street, Lcmdou.
John Gough Nicholls, Esq. Pai'liament Street, Loudon. Larije paper.
Alexander Nicholson, Esq. F.S.A. East Court, Charlton Kings, Glouces-
tershire. Large paper.
.lolrn Norris, Esq. Hugheudon House. Lan/e paper.
Richard Nowell, Esq. Peterley House.
Rev. Ge
Oli'
A.M. Great Grimsby, Liucolushire.
.John Parker, Esq. F.S.A. Wycombe.
Hugh Parnell, Esq. Kington, near Thorubury, Gloucestershire.
GrauviUe Penn, Esq. Stoke Park, neai- Slough.
E. L. Perceval, Esq. Bishop's Hall, Essex. Large paper.
George Grenville Pigott, Esq. Doddershall Park. Large it small papi
Rev. James Noel Pigott, A.M. Rector of Greudou Underwood.
Rev. John Robert Pigott, A.M. Rector of Hugheudon.
W^illiam Pigott, Esq. Doddershall Park. Large and small paper.
Charles Pinfold, Esq. Walton, near Fenny Stratford.
Jlrs. Praed, Tyringham.
Edward Davis-Protheroe, jun. Esq. F.S.A. & M.P. Great Gaddesde
Herts. Large piaper.
.lohn Whitby Quint:
Hedges, Carsh;
Mr. George Rainsford, Aylesbury.
Mr. Thomas Read, Brill.
Mr. Rees, Bristol.
H. W. Reynolds, Esq. Thame, Oxon. Large paper.
Henry Rhodes, Esq. 20, Margaret Street, Cavendish Sqi
Charles Spencer Rieketts, Esq. Dorton House.
Rev. David Roderick, A.M. Perpetual Curate of Choulsbi
John Rolfe, Esq. Watlleton Farm, Beaconsfleld.
Join. Rumsey, Esq. F.S.A. Wycombe.
Rev. John Rush, A.JL Rector of Hartwell, Perpetual Curate of St. Luke,
Chelsea, and Chaplain to His Majesty the King of Hanover.
Thomas Scott, Esq. A.M. Fellow of Queen's College, Cambridge.
Mrs. Shard, Grimsdyke Lodge, near Risborough.
Rev. Thomas Silvester, Buckingham Vicarage.
J. A. Slark, Esq, Fishery, Hemel Hempstead, Herts,
Abel Smith, Esq, M,P, Woodhall Park, Wai-e, Herts. Large paper.
George Robert Smith, Esq. 4, Great Cumberland-place, Hyde Park,
Rev. William Ramsden Smith, Halcott Rectory, near Aylesbury.
Mr. C.J. Smith, Southampton-st. Fitzroy-squiu-e, London. Large paper.
Arthur Stanhope, Esq. Tiluey Street, London.
John Stone, Esq. Long Crendon.
Robert Surtees, Esq. F.S.A. Author of the History of Durham.
Robert Sutton, Esq. Ross-way, North CJuirch, Herts. --
John Swaine, Esq. 28, Great PiUteney Street, Golden Squiu-e, London.
Rev. William Talbot, A.M. Rector of Clifton Reynes.
Rev. J. H. Talbot, A.M. Clifton Reynes, near Oluey.
J. E. Tarrant, Esq. Alscot Lodge, near Prince's Risborough.
Rev. Henry Tattam, D.D. &e. Rector of St. Cuthberfs Bedford.
John Tattam, Esq. Custom House, London.
George Watson Taylor, Esq. F.S,A, Erlestoke Park, Wilts, Large paper
Robert Thackthwaite, Esq, Fulmer House,
John Harvey Thursby, Esq, Abington Abbey, Northamptou, Large papei
Rev, Richard Tomkyns, B.CL, Rector of Great Horwood.
Christopher Tower, Esq. M.P. Huntsmore Lodge, Iver.
Joseph Townsend, Esq. Wood End, near Marlow.
Triiuty College Library, Cambridge.
Rev. Fiennes Samuel Trotman, A.M. Rector of Gothurst, &c.
Rev. Thomas a Beckett Turner, A.M. of Wotton Underwood, &c.
Samuel Turner, Esq. 9, Gray's Inn Square, London.
William Turner, Esq. Wedon Lodge.
Charles Kemeys Kemeys Tnite, Esq. F.S.A. Halsewell House, Somersei
Arthur Tyton, Esq. F.L.S. Wimbledon Common, Surrey.
William Upcott, Esq. Islington.
William Watts, Esq. Hanslape Park.
Owen Wethered, Esq. Great Marlow.
Mrs. WethereU, Hai-row Weald Lodge, Jliddlesex.
John Wharton, Esq. Skelton Castle, Yorkshu-e. Large paper.
Rev. John ^\^lite, B.CL. Prebendary of Sai-um, Rector of Hardwick.
Thomas P. Williams, Esq. M.P. Temple House, IMarlow. Large pape
William Williams, Esq. Wandsworth, Surrey.
Charles Willis, Esq. Winslow.
Clement Winstanley, Esq, Braunston Hidl, Leicestershire.
William Wright, Esq. Marlow Mills.
Philip Thomas Herbert Wykehaui. Esq. Tythorp House, Oxon.
.Iward Herma
vlesbi
PREFAC E.
When the History of Buckinghamshire was first announced for publication,
the Editor thought it his duty to afford some account of the sources from which
he had derived his preparations for so important an undertaking; and, as an
apology for his presumption, to state the grounds on which he solicited the
favour of the public : — that he had devoted many years to the prosecution of
the Work ; had explored with assiduity the National Records, the Libraries of
the Metropolis, of the Universities of the United Kingdom, and all other de-
positories of Manuscripts, Charters, Genealogical, Biographical, and Heraldic
Collections accessible to his diligent and respectful applications ; that he had
been liberally permitted to investigate, in numerous instances, those authentic
sources of information, the archives and muniments of ancient and noble families
connected with the County which has been the object of his peculiar solicitude,
and had thus greatly increased the stores previously collected by the care and
industry of Dodswoith, Kennet, Wood, Wilhs, Steele, Delafield, Cole, Langiey,
and the still more valuable and important materials supplied by the indefatigable
labours of the late Reverend Edward Cooke, A.M. and LL.B. Rector of Haver-
sham ; which he avowed to have formed the basis of that superstructure which
it had been his endeavour to raise.
This explanation and appeal have not been made in vain. They were
offered with humility and diffidence, but with a confident reliance upon the
candour of the friends of Literature.
Impressed with the conviction that Buckinghamshire possessed local featui'es
and artificial embellishments, united with objects highly interesting to the Anti-
PREFACE.
([uary and the Scholar, which placed this County in an equal rank with others
which had long boasted the advantages of very learned and able Historians ; —
that its connexion with events of national importance, together with the fame
and distinction of many eminent characters identified with it, in ancient and
modern days, as heroes, patriots, statesmen, orators, and poets, dignifying and
adorning the spheres in which they moved, must be the Author's apology for
having undertaken so laborious a task. It might seem a reproach that the name
of Willis, pre-eminently venerable amongst Antiquaries, had not, even where he
passed a long life in constant endeavours to promote so desirable an object,
wanned Math enthusiastic ardour some congenial spirit^ to rescue the County
from oblivious neglect, if not by equal powers, at least with kindred diligence.
Cheered by a most gracious Patronage, and encouraged by the hope that
industrious perseverance might, in some degree, atone for the want of those
stronger recommendations which more splendid talents, or even superior o])por-
tunities of ac(|uiring information, would have presented ; the Author trusts
that he may still be allowed the honest pride, in having so far subdued and
overcome the numerous dilhculties and obstacles in the progress of this arduous
undertaking, as to be enabled to submit the result of his labours to the notice
of the Public.
Of the manner in which he has performed his task, his Readers are now to
judge. To deprecate the severity of criticism with many claims to indulgence,
under the peculiar disadvantages of having to tread the mazy wilds of anti-
quarian research, without a beacon and without a guide; to explore a labyrinth
hitherto unessayed, by attempting the History of a populous County, of which
only two of its Hundreds had previously found an Historian — to doubt that
a candid and enlightened public would shield the Author by their most liberal
candour, — must have betrayed a deficiency of confidence unworthy of an aspirant
for public favour. In full assurance, therefore, of all reasonable allowances for
defects inevitable in a Work of such magnitude — and errors, of which the
Writer is abundantly conscious — the Histouy of Buckinghamsuihe is respectfully
submitted to the consideration of his contemporaries, and the impartial justice
of future times.
PREFACE.
The first object of the Author's solicitude is to testify, iu the best manner
in his power, his guatitude for especial marks of confidence and generosity
on the part of many of his munificent and noble Subscribers, to whose counte-
nance and protection the literary public will owe whatsoever of satisfaction may
be derived from this Work; — to shew, that it is the design of this undertaking
to embalm the memory of the past for the benefit of succeeding generations ;
and to prove that, instead of a mere description of places and a dry recital of
events, Topography has far more enlarged and enlightened views ; which, being
personified, might be, not improperly, addressed in the sentiment and language
of a Poet Avhom Buckinghamshire delights to claim amongst its resplendent
ornaments :
Thy liberal heart, thy judging eye,
The flower unheeded shall descry,
And bid it round Heaven's altars shed
The fragrance of its blushing head ;
Shall raise from earth the latent gem
To glitter on the diadem.
Call from their tombs the pious, just, and wise,
And bring their fair example to our eyes ;
This power is thine — 'tis thine the sacred trust
To snatch their virtues from the mouldering dust.
To sci-een them safe from Time's contagious breath,
And bid them bloom unprejudiced by death.
The Author would avail himself of this opportunity, to thank the Subscribers
generally, for their liberal patronage and continued support, by which he has
been enabled, at length, to complete the History of Buckinghamshire, in
conformity with the original Prospectus ; but more particularly is he indebted
to the distinguished bounty and munificence of some few most generous and
liberal Contributors, whom it becomes hiin to mention with the highest degree
of respect and gratitude. And herein he may be permitted to enumerate the
names of His Grace the Duke of Buckingham, K.G. ; His Grace the Duke of
PREFACE.
Bedford, K.G. ; His Grace the Duke of Marlborough ; His Grace the Duke of
Northumlocrland, K.G. ; His Grace the Duke of Sutherland, K.G. ; The Right
Hon. the Earl of Buckinghamshire ; The Right Hon- the Earl Howe, K.G. ;
The Right Hon. the Earl Spencer, K.G. & LL.D.; The Right Elon. the Countess
of Bridgewater ; The Right Hon. the Lord Viscount Lake ; The Right Hon.
the Baroness Bray ; The Right Hon. Sir Gore Ouseley, Bart. G.C.H. ; Sir John
Chetwode, Bart M.P. ; Sir Alexander Croke, Knt. D.C.L. & F.S.A. ; Sir Richard
Colt Hoare, Bart. F.R.S. & S.A. ; Sir Henry Hugh Hoare, Bart. F.R.S. & S A. ;
Lady Sarah Lovett ; Rev. Joseph Goodall, D.D. & F.S.A. ; Rev. John Goodall,
A.M.; John Lee, Esq. LL.D. & F.S.A.; Charles Clowes, Esq.; Gordon Wil-
loughby James Gyll, Esq. ; C^eorge Simon Harcourt, Esq ; Harry Lupton, Esq. ;
John Norris, Esq. ; and Wilham Pigott, Esq.
To Gordon Willoughby James Gyll, Esq. whose valuable communications and
favours are duly acknowledged in the course of the Work, and who has most
generously compiled, at the sacrifice of much personal ease and convenience,
the very valuable and elaborate Indices, the Author is anxious to record his
particular obligations; — and, at the age of seventy- three, in withdraM'ing himself
from those more active duties in which he has so long delighted, trusts that it
will not be attributed to an unpardonable vanity, if he presumes to feel an
honest pride in having produced a Work, which he hopes will be found of great
National importance, as well as Local utility.
PLACES.
[The Names priuted iu Roman are Towns anJ Villages; those in Italics ai-e .
Addciigrave, i. 304
Chetwode Priory, iii. 4
Hartwell, ii. 300
Nettleden, iii. 447
Akeley, u. 518
Chicheley, iv. 93
Haversham, iv. 184
Newport Hundred, iv. 1
Addington, ii. 505
Cliilton, i. 127
Hawridge, iii. 372
Newport PagneU, iv. 270
Adstock, ii. 513
Choulsbury, iii. 314
Hedgerley, iv. 501
Newton Blossomrille, iv. 25
Alscol, ii. 425
Cippenliam, iii. 210
Hedgerley Dean, iii. 277
Newton Longnerille, iv. 261
Amersham, iii. 140
Claydon Bottle, i. 168
Hedsor, iii. 578
Notley Abbey, i. 219
Ascot, iii. 523
Claydon, East, i. 157
Hillesden, iii. 16
AsHENDON Hundred, vol. i. 1
Claydon, Middle, i. 174
Hitchom, iii. 281
Oakley, i. 350
Ashendon, i. 0
Clifton Eeynes, iv. 99
Hitoheuden, iii. 582
Olney, iv. 298
Ashley Green, iii. 202
OUppersdown. iii. 401
Hogshaw, i. 263
Oving, i. 370
Ashridge, iu. 436
Coleshill, iii. 179
Hogston, iii. 376
Owlswick, ii. 423
Aston Chivery, ii. 85
Colnbrook, iv. 430
Holtcndt-n, iii. 406
Aston Molins, i. 40
Cohvich, i. 485
Holmer, ii. 393
Padbury, iii. 57
Aston Sandford, i. 41
CoTTESLow Hundred, iii. 305
Horsenden, ii. 328
Pemi, iii. 287
Aston Clinton, ii. 72
Cowley, iii. 63
Horton, iv. 510
Pitcheott, i. 382
Aston Bernard, ii. 163
Cramoell, i. 483
Horton, iii. 353
Pitson, or Pightlesthome, iii
Aston Abbats, iii. 306
Crawley, iv. 122
Horwood, Magna, iii. 385
Policott, Great, i. 24
Astwood, iv. 3
Creudon, Long, i. 198
Horwood, Little, iii. 389
Poticott, Little, i. 31
Astwoodhunj, iv. 4
Creslow, iii. 324
Hudnall, iti. 355
Preston Bisset, iii. 03
Atlesbdrt Hundred, ii. 1
Crofton, iii. 522
Hulcot, ii, 337
Prince's Kisborough, ii. 420
Aylesbury, ii. 2
Barton Hartshorne, ii. 522
Cubliugton, iii. 328
Cuddington, ii. 130
Huntercombe, iii. 203
Ickford, i. 275
Quainton, i. 390
Quarendon, ii. 400
Beachampton, ii. 525
Dagnall, iii. 352
llmer, i. 287
Radeliffe, iii. 67
Beaconsfield, iii. 181
Datchett, iv. 433
Ipstone, iii. 093
Eadnage, iii. 019
Bedgrove, ii. 492
Denhnm, iv. 443
Tver, iv. 515
Ravenstone, iv. 311
Benwell, i. 418
Denham, or Dunnington, i. 403
Iviughoe, iii. 391
Rdvenstone Priory, iv. 314
Berneicode Forest, i. 51
Desborough Hundred, iii. 551
Ixhill, i. 365
Bockhols, iii. 592
Bichendon, i. 484
Dinton, ii. 135
Rowsham, iii. 040
Bierton, ii. 97
Ditton, iv. 509
Kimble, Great, ii. 341
BiUinqdon, iii. 262
Doddershall, i. 404
Kimble, Parva, ii. 350
Salden, iii. 426
Bishopstone, ii. 452
Dodford, iii. 112
Ivingsey, i. 293
Sannderton, iii. 625
Bitlesden, ii. 537
Domey, iii. 273
Kingswood, i. 305
Sear Green, iii. 277
Bitlesden Abbey, ii. 538
Dorton, i. 239
Sedrnp, ii. 459
Blackqrave, i.'473
Drayton Beauchamp, iii. 332
Laccy Green, ii. 440
Shabbiugton, i. 445
Bledlow, ii. 110
Drayton Parslow, iii. 339
Lamport, iii. 113
Shalstou, ill. 70
Bletchley, iv. 10
Dnndrldqe, ii. 90
Langley Marish, iv. 531
Shardeloes,' ui. 153
Boarstali, i. 51
Dunton.'iii. .341
Latimers, iii. 268
Shipton, iii. 542
Botley, iii. 202
Lathbujy, iv. 196
Shipton Lee, i. 412
Boiiikon, ii. 087
Easington, i. 150
Lavendon, iv. 208
Shenley, iv. 324
Boveney, iii. 224
Edgcott, iii. 9
Lavendon Abbey, iv. 214
Sherriugton, iv. 333
Boycott, iii. 110
Edlesborough, iii. 345
Leckhampstead, iii. 23
Simpson, iv. 339
Bradeuham, iii. 553
Ekeney-cum-Petsoe, iv. 133
Ledbnrne, iii. 417
Singleborovgh, iii. 388
Bradwell, iv. 38
EUesborough, ii. 171
Lee, ii. 356
Slapton, iii. 449
Bradwell Abbey, iv. 48
Elstrop, ii. 338
Lenborongh, ii. 592
Slough, iv. 578
Bragenham, iii. 463
Emberton, iv. 137
Leonards, St. ii. 93
Snelshall Priory, iii. 504
Brayfield, Cold, iv. 47
Erlai, iii, 433
Lidcote, iii. 470
Soulsbuiy, iii. 454
Brickhill, Bow, with Caldecote, iv. 50
Eton, iv. 459
LiUingston Dayi-ell, iii, 31
Southcote, iii. 408
BrickhiU, Great, iv. 57
Eythorpe, i. 475
Liuford, Great, iv, 220
Stantonbarry, iv. 345
Brickhill, Little, iv. 70
Linford, Little, iv. 228
Steeple Claydon, iii. 76
Brill, i. 95
Farnham Royal, iii. 277
Linslade, iii. 403
Stewkley, iii. 409
Broughton. iv. 77
Fawley, iii. 559
Liscombe, iii. 407
Stockholt, ii. 618
Broughton, ii. 100
Fenny Stratford, iv. 29
Loudicater, iii. 662
Stoke Hundred, iv. 429
Buckingham Hundred, ii. 503
Filgrave, iv. 382
Loughton, iv. 234
Stoke Goldington, iv. 351
Buckingham, ii. 546
Fingest, iii. 564
Ludgershall, i. 305
Stoke Hammond, iv. 359
Buckland, ii. 124
Ford, ii. 170
Lvffield Priory, iii. 110
Stoke MandeviUe, ii. 445
Burcot, iii. 521
Foscott, iii. 13
Stoke Poges, iv. 544
BUENHAM Hundred, iii. 115
Fulbrook, i. 270
Maids' Moreton, iii. 40
Stone, ii. 451
Burnham, iii. 203
Fulmer, iv. 498
Marlow, Great, iii. 594
Stouey Stratford, iv. 360
Burnham Abbei/, iii. 200
Marlow, Little, iii, COO
Stowe, iii. 84
Burstone, iii. 309
Gem-cot, ii. 591
Marqarefs. St. iii, ::illl
Stndley, i. 300
Gavhnrst, iv. 142
Marsh Gibbon, iii, -Is
Swanbocu-ue, iii. 479
Calvertou, iv. 84
Grindborough, i. 247
Marston, Fleet, i, :ij:l
Caversfield, ii. 594
Grendon Underwood, i. 252
Marston, North, i, :i,J3
Taplow, iii. 293
Castlethorpe, iv. 89
Grove, iii. 262
Marsworth, iii, 411!)
Tattenhoe, iii. 487
Chachtnore, iii. 67
Grove, iii. 356
Medmeuham, iii. Oil
Tetchwood, i. 313
Ghartridge, iu. 262
Medmenham Ahlnq. iii. Oil
Thomley, i. 585
Cholfont St. Giles, iii. 225
Haddenham, ii. 202
Mentmore, iii, 417
Thoruborough, iii. 114
Chalfont St. Peter, iii. 237
Halton, ii. 219
Middleton Keviies, iv. 211
Thornton, iii. 118
Chearsley, i. 117
Ham, or Wodeham, i. 487
Misseuden, Greut, ii. ,-i,-.!l
Tickford Abbey, iv. 291
Cheddington, iii. 311
Hambleden, iii. 008
Missenden Abheii, ii, :t(:0
Tmgewick, iii. 123
Chelmscote, iii. 464
Hampden, Great, ii. 227
Misseuden, Little, ii. 390
Towersey, i. 455
Chenies, or Isenhampstead, iii. 247
Hampden, Parva, ii. 295
Monks'Eisborough, ii. 410
Turville, iii. 029
Chesham, iii. 202
Hauslape, iv. 164
Morton, ii. 101
Turweston, iii. 127
Chesham Bois, iii. 270
Hardmead, iv. 179
Moulsoe, iv. 200
Twyford, iii. 130
Chetwode, iii. 1
Hardwick, iii. 358
Mursley, iii. 424
TjTingham, iv. 372
PLACES.
Uptou-cum-Cli.'ave7, iv. 571
Water Eton, iv. 15
Wexbam, iv. 582
Wolverton, iv. 411
Up,.,,,, ii. 150
Wavendon, iv. 391
Wliaddon, Willi Na.sli,
iii. 490
Woolston, Great, iv. 421
Weedon, iii. 370
Whitchurch, iii. 508
Woolstou, Little, iv. 424
WadJesdon, i. 4C3
Wendover, ii. 4(iO
WiUen, iv. 408
Wonninghall, i. 573
Wahb-idge, ii. 100
Westburv, iii. Ul
Winchendon, Nether,
i. 514
Wotton Underwood, i. 580
Walton, iv. 384
Westhlinj, iv. 1131
Winchendon, Over or
Upper, i. 530
Wotton Hum, i. 604
Walton, ii. 67
Westcotc, i. 4!)n
Wing, iii. 521
Woughtou-on-the-Green, iv. 420
Wanmsto„v, i. 480
Wi-stliniilon, ii. 170
Wingi-ave, iii. 534
Wvcombe, High, iii. 039
Warrington, iv. 298
Weston' Turville, ii. 492
Wiuslow, iii. 542
Wycombe, West, iii. 053
Water Stratford, iii. 137
Weston Underwood, iv. 397
Woburn, iii. 033
WjTai-disbur^-, iv. 585
PEDIGREES.
Ahell and Verucv, i. 104
Busby, ii. 507
Fitz-Nigel, i. 66
JekyU, iv. 356
Alfred, Xing of Dublin, i. 07
Butler, iv. 334
Fitz-Piers, i. 158
Jeuiyn, iv. 223
Albini, i. 455
Fleetwood, ii. 377
Jenkinson, i. 315
Amand, St. i. 255
Cadogan, Enrl, i. 353
of the Vachc iii ^"^7
Jenoise, iii. 71
Anderson, i. 325
Calvert, i. 184, 183
FlemjTig, iv. 598
Jodrell, iv. 597
Audrewes, iv. 198
Canon, iv. 000
Foster, iv. 174
JoUiffe, iv. 004
Annesley, Baron, iv. 280
CantUupe, i. 176
Frankland, ii. 197
Antonie, ii. 309
Carter, i. 133
Freville, iv. 276
KejTiol, iv. 375
Ap Kees, iv 120
Ciu'un, iv. 334
Frome, i. 394
King, i. 585 ; iv. 620
Apsley, iv. 520
Cai7, i. 152
Kiiapp, iv. 231
Ai-des, iv. 334
Chakers or Chequers, i. 19
0
Gerard, ii. 75
KnoUys, i. 527
Argentein, i. 13, 14
Chaloner, iii. 80
Giffard, Earl of Buckingham, i. 200 ;
Atkinson, iv. 007
Chandos, Duke of Buckiii
igham, i.
iii. 131; iv. 320
Lake, Lord, ii. 75
Aubrey and Awbrev, i. 00, 09, 70, 74
599
ofFiUbrook, i. 271
Lane, i. 200
Avenell, i. 460
Chaucer, i, 295
Gill, iv. 006
Lee, iv. 597
Chemocke, i. 132, 133
Godolphin, Earl of, iv. 559
ofEastClaydon, i. 163
Badcock, ii. 115
Chetwode, iii. 2
Golafre, i. 394
of Hartwell, u. 307, 309
Backwell, iv. 376
Chicbely, i. 09
Goldiugton, iv. 352
of Quarendon, Viscounts, ii. 404
Baker, iv. 530
Child, iv. 598
Goodyai-, iv. 007
Lewis, i. 06
Banastre, i. 60
Churchill, Duke of Jlarlb,
.rough, i.
. Good^vyn, i. 579
Longueville, iv. 415
Barre, iv. 345
503
Gorges, iii. 189
Louet or Lovet, iii. 457
Barrington, ii. 75
Clare, Earl of, i. 159, 200,
201
Greene, i. 29
Lovel, iii. 634
Basset, i. 09 ; iv. 258
Clarendon, iv. 598
Granville, i. 589, 590, 599
Lowndes, iii. .544
Beauchamp, i. 240, 255 ; iv. 174, 530
Clai-ke, i. 390
Greseley, i. 170
Lucv, i.271; iv. 188
BeauUeu, i. 320
Cleaver, i. 370
Greville, Earl of Broke and Warwick,
Lynford, iv. 334
Beke, ii. 309
Clerke, i. 440
i. 267
Belson, i. 103
Colebrooke, i. 134
Grev, De, of Botherfiehl, i. 100
Mackworth, iv. 37s
Benet, ii. 529
Corbet of Fulbni.d<, i. 271
Gruid), ii. 332, 444
Mandeville, i. 158
Bennet, i. 134
Cornwall, i. 1 12.
Gyll, iv. 598, 000
JIansell, i. 09
Benson, iv. 126
Cottrell-Dormi-r, i. 119
Mareschal, Earl of Pembroke, i. 2s,
Berkelev, iv. 270
ronrten.iv, Karl of Devon, i
.400,471
Hale, iv. 530, 009
200, 202
Bernard, i. 519, 521
Cowdruv, iv. 251
Hampden, i. 295 ; ii. 302
Marny, i. 295
Bertie, i. 233, 234, 235, 230
Cressi, i. 120
of Missenden, ii. 374
Martj-n, i. 310, 529
Bi'ti, i. 315
Crevequer, iv. 375
Handlo, i. 00
Mead, ii. 444
i;; ii.- i . IV .'I'l'i
froke of Cliilton, i. 131, 308
Hanmer, iv. 341
Minshull, ii. 590
of Chcciuors, ii. 181)
HaiTourt, iv. 5sH
Missenden, i. 394 ; ii. 305
l; ■ ,. , .1 .. ll,.n--f.,rd, 1.200,207
Harrison, i. 2.'^0
Molins, iv. .547
i;.,: '..., ... v.. :.'ii;; iii. 510
Cmts, ii. 194
Harv,-v, i. 437
Monchensy, ii. 141
Bnlrvii, i;url of Wiltshire, ii. 7; iv.
Hassel, iv. 004
Montague, ii. 75
598
Dabrigcourt, i. 09
Hastings, ii. 75
Mortimer, i. 159, 203
Borard Eeynes, iv. 105
Danvers, i. 280 ; iv. 530
T?„..l „f -nr 1. -•_ tr- t
iiiaii 01 iVJarcii, iv. l**
Boscawen, i. 447
Dashwood, ii. 224
Hawtrey, iii. 212
Mowbray, Lord, iv. 598
Boteler, K«l of Ormonde, i. 590 ;
Davrell, iii. 32
Hayton, ii. 110
Moyle, ii. 595
ii. 7
Deil, ii. 71
Herbert of Kingsey, i. 297
Mulsho, iv. 143
Bottetourt, Baron of Newport Pag-
Denton, iii. 17
Herschell, iv. 579
Musard, i. 398
nell, iv. 270
Devereux, Lord Ferrais, iv
.258
Hervev, i 132, 320
Murray, iv. 59s
Bourchier, Earl of V.ssex, iv. 258
D'Eyncourt, iii. 034
Hickman, ii. 52
Bowver. iv. 440
Digbv, iv. 145
Hoare, iv. :190
Ncvill, ii. 75 ; iv. 143
Boyce, iv. 004
D-OUey, iii. 77; iv. 510
Hobiut, ii. 277
Newburgh, iv. 510
Braose, i. 09, 202, 394
Donuer, i. 118,415
Hampden, Earl of Bucking-
Ncwmarch, i. 202
Brerewood, iv. 511
Drake, iii. 154
hamshire, ii. 277
Neyrnut, i. 320
Breton, i. 590
Dravton, i. 29
Hoby, iv. 009
Nodariis, De, iv. 352
Brightwall, i. 122
Dunibletou, iv. 126
Hood, i. 280
Non-is, Earl of Abingdon, i. 233
Brock, i. 399
Buncombe, i. 163
Hopkins, i. 377
Nowers, ii. 3li5 ; iv. 143
Brome, iv. 020
Dyuham, i. 00
Howai-d, Duke of Norfolk, iii. 188 ;
Broome, iv. 007
iv. 598
Olnev, iv. 39s
Brace, King Kol.crt, iv. 598
Elmes, i. 394
Hughes, i. 402
Oteb'v, iv. 223
Brudenell, ii. 447
Bruyn, i. CO
Bulstrode, iv. 503, 572
Eyre, iii. 211
Hungerford, iv. 547
Ouseley, iii. 188
Fawconer, i. 10
Ingoldsby, ii. 109
Pabenham,.iv.375
Burgh, Dc,i. 158, 159
Ferrers, i. 252
Iwardby, i. 394
Packingtou. ii. 14
Burgliersh, i. 295
Ficiines, ii. 470
Paganell, iv. 275
Burlacv, or Borlacc, i. 309
Fiott, ii. 30!!
Jeffreys, iv. 505
Parkin, iv. 599
PEDIGREES.
Paxton, iv. 60T
Pembnigge, iv. 590
Peun, iv. 550
Peyn-e, iv. 210
Pigot of Beachampton, u. 5^
•237
of Clietwynd, i. 400
of Colwich, i. 486
of DoddersliaU, i. 406
of Hogshaw, i. 266
of Ickford, i. 278
of Slienley, iv. 326
Pinchon, iv. 620
Plautaganet, Eai-1 of Norfolk,
ii. 75
Plaunche,
Pole, De la, i. 6
Praed, iv. 378
Prestwood, ii. 3'
Procter, iv. 530
Prowse, iv. 604
Pm-efoy, iii. 71
Pytches, iv. 604
Rede, i. 66
Redmau, i. 375
Eedvers, i. 460
Eevett, ii. 194
Eeynolds, ii. 44J
Ringer, iv. 416
596
Eooke, iv. 416
Russell, Dukes of Bedford, iii. 2
ii. 104, 195
EuthaU, iv. 416
Sackville, iii. 560
Salter, iv. 596
Sauders, iv. 007
Saunders, i. 336, 385
Say and Sele, Lord, i. 158
Scotland, Kings of, iv. 598
Scnrlage, i. 69
Selby, iii. 407, 544
Seymour, iv. 533
Sbavowe, iv. 620
Sheffield, iv. 604
Sherrington, iv. 334
Smythe of Anken\-ycke, iv. 508
Smyth of Liuford, iv. 223
Snell, i. 102, 280
Someri, iv. 275
Somerset, Duke of, iv. 517
Spencer, i. 565
Eai-1 Spencer, iii. 342
Spigurnell, i. 394
Stackpole, i. 69
Stanhope, Earls of Chesterfielil
Stanhope, Eai-ls of, iii. 379
Stafford, Eaids and Dukes of
ingham, i. 27, 20
iv. 258
Stone, ii. 444
Stonor, iv. 009
Stubbs, iv 231
SnlUvau, iv. 519
Tash, iv. 529, 530
Talbot, Valence, & Stafford, i.
Temple, iii. 85
Thompson, Lord Haversham,
Thornell, i. 585
Throclimorton, i. 271 ; iv. 39
Thurbane, ii. 104
Tipping, i. 451)
Todeni, iv, 1112
Tower, iv. 000
Trelawnev, i. 400
Trevor, s'aron, ii. 296
TrumbaU, iv. 020
Turberville, i 09
TurWlle, ii. 403
T^Tingham, i. 510; iv. 373,.'
Tyrrell, i. 352
of Hanslape, iv. 175
of Thornton, iii. 119
Vachell, i. 330
Verdun, iv. 326
Vere, i. 20
Vernev, Earl of, i. 178, 180
Vernon, i. 383
Wake, iv. 126
Walery, St. i. 367
Wales, Kings & Princes of, i. 69,
Walshe, iv. 609
Walter, The Steward, iv. 598
Webb, ii. 450
Weuman of Kingsey, i. 397
West, i. 255
Wharton, i. 543
Whitbread, ii. 116
Wilkes, u. 44
Williams, Lord, i. 933
Willis, iv. 11
Winlowe, i. 519
Wirley, iv. 126
Wittewi-ong, iv. 347
Wrighte, iv. 151
Wright, iv. 607
Wykeham, i. 297
Wyndham, Eaidof Egremont, iv.
Wyndsor, iv. 505
Zouche, i. 170
WOOD ENGRAVINGS.
Vol. I.
iNiTiAi W, with Anns of Mercia and of the
Eai-ls of Buckingham, 3.
Seal of the Honour of Ewelme, 22.
Aston Sandford Church, 50.
Arms of Sir John Aubrey, Bart. 72.
Initiai. B, with South View of Boai-stall Tower,
76.
Ground Plan of Boarstall Tower, 88.
Monumental Effigies in Cheai-sley Church, 125.
Initiai C, with View of the Old Entrance to
Chilton House, 137.
Chilton Church, 142.
Arms of Sir John Croke, Rut. 146.
Another Shield of the same, with Quarterings, 147.
Arms of Mandeville, 158.
De Burgh, 159.
Plantagenet, ib.
Monumental Effigy of Alexander .inne, and Arms,
in Middle-Claydon Chancel, 192.
of Roger Gj-ft'ard, liis Wife,
and Twenty Children, mth Arms, in the same
Church, 193.
of Isabel Giffard, 194.
Monument of Sir Harry Calvert, Bart. tb.
Arms of Giffard, Earl of Buckingham, 200.
Clare, ib.
Mortimer, 203.
Roman Antiquities found at Creudou, 212, 213.
Long Crendon Church, 216.
Initial N, with Tower of Notley Abbey, 219.
Three Seals of Notley Abbey, 231.
Dorton Church, 245.
Arms of Pigot, 278.
Giffard, ib.
Ickford Church, 285.
Iniihl L, with View of Window in Ludgershall
Church, 305.
Monumental Effigy of Anne English, in Lud-
gershall Church, 321.
Arms of ditto, ib.
North Marston Church, 344.
Piscena, in the Church, 345.
Fragment in ditto, ib.
Another, 340.
Font, in North Marston Church, 346.
Effigy and Anns of Eichai-d Saunders, 347.
Oakley Church and Ground Plan, 301.
Initial Q, mth View of an Old Stone Cross at
Quainton, 390.
Arms of Pigot, 400.
Effigy of Johanne Plesh, 428.
Elizabeth Chester, 429.
Richard Iwardby, 429.
a Priest in Brass, 431.
John Lewys, 432.
Mural Monument of Dr. Richard Brett, 434.
Arms of Pigot, 480.
Effigy of a Priest in a Shroud, 510.
Cypher of Thomas-a-Becket, in Nether Winchen-
don Church, 520.
Effigy of Johes Emperotis, in ditto, 533.
Johes Barton, or Bayle, and his Wife, in
ditto, 533.
Over Winchendon Church, 570.
Arms of Goodwyn, 571.
Effigies of Phihp King, his Wife, and Twelve
Children, 581.
Edward Greueville, and his Wife and
Child, 013.
Vol. IL
Initial A, with appropriate Agricultural Em-
blems, 1.
Specimens of Aylesbury Coins, 29.
Ai-ms of Wood, 95.
of Baldwin, ib.
Inscription on the Communion Table in Cud-
dingtou Church, 132.
Ancient Doorway of Dinton Church, 146.
Inscription in Dinton Church, 147.
A Stone, called Crowgold, 171.
End of an Old Seat in Haddenham Church, 214.
Monumental Effigies, in brass, of Henry Brad-
shaw, Wife, and Eight Children, surmounted
with his Arms, in Halton Church, 225.
• of John Hampden and his
Wife, in Great Hampden Church, 289.
of Sir John Hampden, his
Two Wives, and Three Children, in the same
Church, surmounted with the Arms of Hamp-
den, Savage, and Willford, 290.
Aims of Hampden and Cave at Hampden, 291.
Old Mansion House & Church at Hai-twell, 327.
Little Kimble Chui-ch, 354.
Initial M, with View of Missenden Abbey, and
Arms of the Abbey, 366.
Seal of the Abbats of Missenden, 367.
of the Abbey in 1539, 368.
Monumental Effigies of John Iwardby, his Wife,
and Four Children, in the Church at Great
Missenden, 381.
Curious Monumental Effigy of a Female, 383.
Singulai- Font in Monis' Eisborongh Church, 42 1 .
Fine brass Effigy of a Priest in Monks' Eis-
borongh Churcli, 422.
WOOD ENGRAVINGS.
Brook House, at Prince's Eisborougli, 434.
Lacey Green Cliiipel, 441.
Curious Effigies, in Brass, of William Bradsliawe,
.\liee his Wife, and their Nine Children, with
n TiiWe of Descent, in Wendover Church, 491.
Ancient Font in Weston Turville Church, 500.
Effigy of a Man in a Furred Gown, in Weston
Turville Church, 501.
Ancient BiU-hook and Battle Axe, 502.
Initial B, with View of the Church at Bucking-
ham, and the Arms of the Town, 503.
Monumental Effigy of William Bawdyn, of Beach-
amptou, 533.
Seal of William Archdeacon of Buckingham, 572.
Olil Grammar School at Buckingham, 585.
Monumental Effigies, in brass, of John Langston
and Amicia his Wife, witli their Arms, in the
Church at Caversfield, 599.
Vol. III.
iNiTi.iL C, with View of Chetwode Church, and
Arms of Chetwode, I.
Arms and Crest of Sir John Chetwode, 2.
of Eisley, 3.
Monumental Effigies of Paul Dayrell & Margaret
his Wife, in LUlingstone DayreU Church, 30.
Arms of Wilkes, &c. 37.
of Peyvre, at Maids' Morton, 45.
Old Manor House, Mai-sh Gibbon, 53.
National School House, Padbury, G2.
Monumental Effigy of Dame Susan Kyngestone,
in Shalston Church, 75.
.Arms of Robert Ingylton, of Thornton, 122.
Effigy of Robert Ingylton, in brass, ili.
Half-length Effigy of John Guerdon, Rector of
Twyford, 134.
Monumental Effigy, in brass, of Thomas Giffai-d,
of Twyford, in Chain Armour, 135.
Arms of Gifi'ard, ib.
, impidiug Staveley, ib.
of Staveley, ib.
Initial A, with View of Amersham Church, 146.
Monumental Effigies of Thomas Waller, and
Dorothy his Wife, in Beaconsfield Church,
surmounted with their Arms, 198.
Buruham Abbey, 200.
Seal of the Abbey of Burnham, 210.
The Old House at Chalfont St. Giles in which
John Milton, the Poet, resided, 229.
Monumental Effigies, in brass, of Thomas Fleet-
woode, his Two Wives, with Eighteen Cliild-
ren, at Chalfont St. Giles, 235.
Font in Chenies Church, 253.
Monumental Effigy, in brass, of Lady Anna
Phelip, in long robes, &c. surmounted with
a shield of Arms, in Chenies Church, 254.
of Sir John Cheyue and
Agnes his Wife, at Chenies, 255.
■ of Robert Cheyne and Eli-
zabeth his Wife, at Chesham Bois, 272.
of Nicolas Clarke, and three
of his Children, in Ilitcham Church, 284.
of John Pen and Sai'ah his
Wife, with ten ChUdrcu, at Penn, 291.
Parochial School House at Penn, 294.
Curious brass Cross, with the Effigy of Nicholas
Aumbeldeue, in Taplow Church, 300.
Monumental Effigies of Eicliaid Maufield and
Katherine his Wife, with Isabella her Sister,
surmounted with Arms, in Taplow Church, 301.
Initial T, with View of an Ancient Doorway in
Stewkley Church, 305.
Monumental Effigy, in brass, of WUliam Cheyne,
in armour, with shield of Arms, in Drayton
Beauchamp Church, 335.
Curious carved Canopy in the Church at Edles-
borough, 349.
Arms of Lee, in Hardwick Church, 308.
Hogston Church, 382.
Figure of a Person in a Monastic Habit, under
a pointed arch, in Hogston Church, 383.
Monumental Effigy, in brass, of John Duncombe,
in a furred gown, in Ivinghoe Church, 395.
Ancient Seal of John de Cobham, 410.
Curious Effigy in Marsworth Church, of a Man
in Armour, reclining on a couch, and near liim
Ms Lady, with six Children, surmounted witli
with the Arms of West, 414.
Arms of Humet, 491.
Albini, ib.
Browne Willis, 496.
Ancient View of Snelshall Priory, 504.
Arcliitectural Remains in the Church at Whit-
church, 517.
Monument to JohnWestcar, at Whitchurch, 520.
Font in Wing Church, 527.
Curious Roof in Wing Church, 528.
Wiuslow Church, 648.
Initial D, mth View of Medmenham Abbey, 551.
Curious Effigy of a Man and his Wife at devotion,
surmounted by a Priest, between two Shields
of Arms, in Hambleden Church, 575.
Effigy of a cross-legged Knight, in ring mail,
bearing on his Shield the Arms of Montfort
and Wellesburne, in Hitchenden Church, 588.
Another Effigy of a Knight, ivith a pointed hel-
met, in mixed plate and chain armour, in
Hitchenden Cliurch, 589.
A Mutilated Figure in a Shroud, under an arch,
with Six Shields, in Hitchenden Church, 590.
Representation of a Man in Ai-mour, with a large
Shield of Ai'ms over tlie breast, in Hitchenden
Church, 590.
A Man in Armour holding a Sword in his right
hand, and on his left a Shield with Arms, ib.
Another Man in Armour, with a Helmet and a
Shield of Arms, 591.
Stone Coffin, with a cross botone on the lid, ib.
Font in Hitchenden Church, ib.
Ground Plan of the Ancient Hospital of St. John,
in High Wycombe, 04S.
Vol. IV.
Initial T, with View of the Tower of Stou
Stratford Church. I.
Arms of Browne Willis, 1 1 .
Grey de Ruthyn, 00.
Calverton Old Church, 87.
Effigies of Antliony Cave and Ehzabeth his
Wife, in Chicheley Church, 97.
Brass Effigy of Dr. John Garbrand, with certain
symbols of Mortahty, &c. in North Crawley
Church, 1.32.
Effigy of John Morden, Rector, in Emberton
Chu
ch, 141.
Gayhurst, the Seat of Sir Nathan Wrighte, 163.
Seal and Anus of Lord WUliam Manduit, 166.
Lady Ehzabeth de CUuton, 187.
Lucy, with Quarterings, 188.
Arms of Thompson, Lord Haversham, ib.
Andrewes, of Lathbury, with Quai'ter-
ings, 198.
Pey\Te, of Lavendon, 210.
Sed of the Abbats of Lavendon, 215.
Anns of Pigot of Beacliampton, 237.
Effigies of Thomas Routhall and his Wife, in
brass, in Moulsoe Church, 255.
The Poet Cowper's Favorite Study at Oluey,303.
The Peasant's Nest, a Rustic Cottage near Olney,
304.
The Celebrated Yardley Oak, ib.
Corbel Heads, in the Church of Olney, 308.
Part of a Hei-mitage, in Kavenstone, 314.
Sed of Prior Radulph, dated 1278, 315.
■ the Priory of Raveustoue, ib.
Arms of Wittewrong, of Stanton BaiTy, 347.
Ancient Font in Stoke Hammond Church, 303.
Effigy of Lady Ehzabeth Huugerford, in Weston
Underwood Church, 405.
New .Church at the Wolverton Railway Station,
421.
Initial 0, with the Corporate Seal of the Town
of Colnbrook, 428.
Mural Monument of Dame Alice Clayton, in
Denham Chm-ch, 450.
College Gardens at Eton, 402.
Ancient Chimuies at Eton College, 466.
Seal of Eton College, 408.
the Provost of Eton, 482.
Eton Chape], ib.
Effigy of a Priest in a Prebend's Stall, witli
arclies and tracery, at Eton, 485.
Brass Effigies of Sir Wilham Molyus, Knt. and
his Wife, 806.
Anns of Harcourt, witli Quarterings, 588.
Harcourt impaling Rolls, 589.
Ruins of Ankerwycke Priory, 593.
Ancient Seal of the Priory, 594.
Ankerwycke House iu'1803, 599.
Yew Tiee, in Ankerwycke Park, 000.
Magna Chana Island, in 1834, 601.
in 1844, ib.
Interior of tlie Cottage on Magna Charta Island,
Wyrardisbury Suspension Bridge, 603.
Arms of Gyll, witli Quarterings, 000.
Porch- of the Churchyiu-d at Wyrjirdisburv, Oil.
Exterior of Wyrardisbuiy Church, 012.
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Map of the Hundred of Ashendon ......
Map of the North-Western Border of the Ancient Forest of Bernwode, including
Doddershall Mansion and Park, &c. . . . . .
Sketch of Boarstall House, A.D. 1695 .....
Old Carving in Boarstall House, containing a Sketch of the Tower, Village, and
Church, a rude Outline of Bernewode Forest, and the presentation of
the Boar's Head to the Saxon King
Representation of the Horn of Nigel the Forester, or " The Boarstall Horn "
Brass Monumental Effigy of Sir Ralph Verney, his Wife and Family, with
Shield of Arms ....
North View of- (he Old Mansion-House at Middle Claydon
South View of do. do.
Ground Plan of the New Mansion-House do.
Dorton-House, the Seat of Charles Spencer Ricketts, Esq.
View of Doddershall-House, Quainton, the Seat of William Pigott, Esq.
St. Peter's Chapel, at Quarendon
Map of the Hundred of Aylesbury
View oi the Parish Church, at Aylesbury
Curious Architectural Remains found in the Old Church at Aylesbury
View of the Church of St. Mary, at Great Missenden
Ancient Spear-Heads, Glass Vessel, &c. found at Dinton
Portrait of John Bigg, " The Dinton Hermit"
Fac-simile of a Letter written by the celebrated John Hampden
South-West View of Hampden-House, with the Parish Church
Nonh-East View of the same Mansion
Armorial Bearings of the Family of Lee, of Harlwell
Hariwell-House, the Residence of John Lee, Esq. LL.D.
View of Horsendon-House, with the Parish Church
St. Mary's Church, at Prince's Risborough
Map of the Hundred of Buckingham
North-East View of Hillesden Church
North Porch of do. ....
Maids' Moreton Church, dedicated to St. Edmund the King
View of the Market-Place at Buckingham
Stowe, the Seat of His Grace the Duke of Buckingham .
Curidus Brass Effigy of Erasmus Williams, in Tingewick Church
Map of the Hundred of Buruham
St. Peter's Church, Burnham ....
Where
placed.
Where de
scribed.
VOL.
PAGE
VOL.
PAGE
1 ,.
3
-
I >,
3
I „
51
_
1 ,.
51
1 „
76
_
1 „
76
87
88
181
186
186
188
243
411
4J1
1
45
47
45
1.54
155
247
277
277
306
313
335
3.35
502
20
20
44
44
87
124
144
215
181
186
186
188
243
411
406
1
45
47
380
154
155
247
277
277
306
313
335
436
502
20
20
44
568
87
124
144
215
ILLUSTRATIONS.
View of Beaconsfield Church . , . . .
Cheshani Church .......
St, Michael's Church, Chenies .....
Latimers, the Seat of the Hou. C. C. Cavendish, at Chesham
Lady Russell's Almshouses, at Ciienies ....
Taplow Court, the Residence of the Earl of Orkney
Dorney Court, the Seat of John Palmer, Esq.
Map of the Hundred of Cotteslow . . . . .
West View of the Ancient Manor-House at Creslow
East View of do. do. . . .
Liscombe-House, at Soulbury, the Residence of Lady Sarah Lovett
The Chancel of Stewkley Church, — a fine Specimen of Saxon Architectur
St. John's Church, at Whitchurch .....
Whaddun-Hali, the Seat of William Selby Lowndes, Esq.
View of the Old Hall at Whaddon .....
St. Mary's Church, at Whaddon , . . . .
Whaddon Vicarao;e .......
Map of the Hundred of Desborough . . . . .
Great Marlow Church, with the Suspension Bridge, &c.
Church of St. John the Baptist, at Little Marlow
Map of the Hundred of Newport .....
Portrait of Browne Willis, Esq. the Antiquary
View of Bletchley Church ......
Church of St. Mary, at Stoke Hammond
South-East View of Lathbury Church .....
Sonth-East View of Haversham Church ....
Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, at Olney ....
Residence of Cowper, the Poet, at OIney ...
View of Holy Trinity Church, at Wolverton ....
Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, at Newport Pagnell .
Map of the Hundred of Stoke .....
Portrait of Sir Thomas Smith, LL.D. formerly Provost of Eton .
Delaford Park, Iver, the Seat of Charles Clowes, Esq.
Interior View of Wyrardisb\irv Church ....
Where
placed.
Where
ilescribed.
VOL.
PAGE.
VOL.
PAGE
3 ,
215
_
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, 196
3 ,
26.5
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3 ,
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, 268
3 ,
268
-
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, 251
3 ,
297
—
3
, 297
3 ,
297
—
3
, 273
3 ,
304
—
3
, 304
3 ,
326
—
3
„ 326
3 ,
326
_
3
, 326
3 ,
467
—
3
„ 467
3 ,
, 474
—
3
„ 474
3 ,
474
—
3
„ 517
3 ,
, 498
—
3
., 498
3 ,
498
-
3
, 498
3 ,
500
_
3
„ 500
3 ,
, 500
—
3
„ 498
3 ,
, 550
—
3
„ 550
3
. 600
—
3
„ 600
3 ,
, 600
—
3
,, 609
4
1
—
1
4
. 10
—
„ 10
4
, 25
_
„ 25
4
, 25
—
„ 363
4 ,
, 204
—
„ 204
4
, 204
—
„ 193
4 ,
, 308
—
„ 308
4 ,
, 308
—
„ 302
4
, 418
—
„ 418
4
, 418
—
„ 287
4
, 429
—
„ 429
4
, 477
—
„ 477
4
, 529
-
„ 529
4
, 611
_
„ 611
INTRODUCTION.
The progress wliich has been made in the study of British History has rendered almost every
reader so conversant with the expressions and phraseology of our early writers, that some apology
may be necessary for the introduction of remarks, which might formerly have been deemed the
requisite preliminaries of a work of this description. However, as one of its principal objects is,
by supplying an additional incentive to the investigation of our national antiquities, to engage in
that interesting and useful pursuit the active co-operation and concurrent assistance of those who
are best qualified for its advancement ; and as such studies are usually undertaken with the greater
prospect of success when commenced at an early period of life, it is hoped that a concise account
of the terms which relate to the ancient measures of land, and ancient tenures, to which continual
reference must be made in the following pages, will not be thought either impertinent or useless. It
will at least explain the sense in which they are intended to be understood when employed by the
writer, and thus tend to prevent mistakes or ambiguity.
The ancient measure of land intended by the word Hide has been so variously described, that no
exact determination respecting its extent appears to have been made. It has been said to consist of
twenty acres, of ninety-six, of one hundred, and of one hundred and twenty ; so that it has been
usually considered an uncertain quantity, varied in different places.' However, in this County of
Buckingham, it has been inferred from an expression in Domesday Book, that the Hide was capable
of exact admeasurement, it being mentioned in a particular instance as minus five feet. The
Virgate also has been described sometimes as consisting of four acres, and sometimes of two ; eight
virgates being reckoned to the hide. The Ca7'iicate, following the measure of the hide, is also
supposed to have varied according to time and situation ; — a Carucate in the common fields being-
called nine score acres, in the reign of Edward I." but in the days of Richard I. computed at sixty
acres, and again at one hundred, so that great uncertainty has always prevailed : but it is agreed
that it was a measure of Norman introduction, and that the contractions and abbreviations for
caruca, a plough, and carucata, the tillage performed by a plough-team, may have caused many
errors in citing the Records. In the following pages, for every useful purpose, it may be sufficient to
estimate the Hide at one hundred acres, and the Virgate as the eighth part of the Hide ;^ and some
comparative calculations, introduced in divers places, have been formed upon this estimate.
In order to distinguish between the rights of the Superior or Paramount Lords and their Sub-
feudatories, it is to be recollected, that they who held immediately of the Crown were said to be
tenants in capite, having under them subordinate or mesne Lords, who, likewise dividing their lands
amongst their followers, gave to each manor the similitude of a kingdom. The Lord severing his
possessions into parts, retained a certain portion for his own use or support, which was partly
cultivated by his villeins and bondmen, and called his demesnes ; and the residue being parcelled
out amongst his dependents, the latter yielded to him services according to the conditions imposed,
or the usage of feudal tenures. Thus the feudal tenant owed to his Lord military services, of the
1 General Introduction to Domesday Book, p. xlvii. See also Bede's Hist. Eccles. lib. iii. c. 24. ; Wilkins's Laws of
King Ina, xiv. p. 17 ; Monast. Anglic, vol. i. p. 214; Selden's Titles of Honour, p. 62 ; Hutchins's Hist of Dorsetsh. in
Prelim. Dissert. ^ Fleta, lib. ii. c. 74. = Introd. to Lib. Cens. citing Regist. of Battle Abbey,
INTRODUCTION.
same nature as tliose which the Lord of the Seigniory himself owed to the King.' When tlie
Conqueror divided tlie lands of the newly-acquired dominion amongst his followers, he did not reserve
to himself the ownership of the soil of the baronies and honours so given to his officers ; nor did the
Barons or mesne Lords retain the ownership when they divided their manors and lands so received
by the free gift of their Sovereign, amongst their subordinate dependents. The King accepted
Knights' service in lieu of all other, and they required correspondent services from their tenants
for their respective fees, as portions of that military aid and duty which the Baron was to render to
the King. In this state the manorial possessions of the Barons, and those who held under them,
continued until the abolition of feudal services; and in the reign of Charles the Second all the
intermediate rights which h.ad been before vested in the Lords of the Seigniory, and others who had
been interposed between them and the possessory tenants of the land, were abolished ; and those who
had been their subfeudatories thenceforward held their lands immediately of the King, in what was
termed free and common soccage, without being liable to perform any other service besides that
allegiance which every subject owes to his Sovereign."
In the early Norman reigns, amongst the subordinate ranks, there were divers classes with- whose
condition the inhabitants of this improved country, and their successors in the occupation of the
lands, are but little acquainted. The ViUani, or tenants in villenage, mentioned in every parish,
appear from '' numerous entries in the Domesday Survey, to have been very different from
Bondmen,"' and to have answered to the description of the Saxon Ceopls ; while the Servi
answered to the Deopav or Crnen ; but when the state of both had been brought nearer to the same
level, the military despotism of the Normans removed all distinction whatsoever, and reduced them
to a state of absolute slavery, described by the term villeins rexjardant.^
The Bordarii, Bordars, or Boors, are supposed to have possessed a dwelling superior to a mere
cottage, with some little land about it,'^ or were cottagers on the borders of a manor ; but they are
also mentioned amongst the occupiers of land, and even dwelling near the manor house. Their
condition might be different in different places; but it is evident that they were a distinct order
from the Servi and Yillam^ of a less abject condition, and being allowed to cultivate some parcels
of land, supplied a portion of provisions, or yielded services of personal labour as a compensation
for such benefits.
The Servi, or Servants, though not distinctly marked, and the difference between them and the
Bordars not precisely ascertained, seem to have been at the absolute disposal and arbitrary will of
their Lords, performing work, and receiving wages and maintenance at the pleasure of those to whom
they belonged. According to Bishop Kennet and Bracton, they had always a much easier condition
than the lioman slaves ; for, " liowever unhappy in other respects, their lives and their limbs were
under the protection of the laws." Nichols, in the Introduction to his History of Leicestershire,
remarks, that, there " they seem to have been like bailiffs, or stewards, directing the husbandmen
and labourers, and being in the Survey always named before the Villeins and Bordars," it may
perhaps be inferred that these servants were in some degree connected with the personal business of
their chief, as the Villeins were with the land.
Lastly, those denominated Homines, by whatsoever term that word be translated, whether
tenants, domestics, or free men, were nevertheless a class dependent upon the Lords, with tlie
privilege of their persons and suits being tried in his courts only.
1 Gilbert's Law of Tenures, Intioduct. p. 10. ">■ lb. •'' Blackstone's Comment, vol. ii. p. 92, ed. Oxon. 4to.
•* Intr. Lib. Ccns. p. xxv. ^ Coke's Institutes, lib. i. sec. i. fo. 5, 6. ^' Intr. Lib. Cons. p. xxvi.
GENERAL HISTORY.
Buckinghamshire, according to the learned Camden, derives its appellation from the Saxon Boc,
Bucken, Boccen, or Bttccen, signifying beeches, or beech trees: and appropriated, first to Buck-
ingham, the chief town, and thence to the whole County, in allusion to the abundance of beech
wood growing therein.^
Spelman conjectured, that the signification of Buccen, Bocken, &c. has reference to bucks, or
deer : of which this County in his time supplied a great abundance.-
Lysons, after remarking that the latter opinion is preferable to the former, because beech wood,
although abundant in some parts of the County, is not commonly produced in the neighbourhood
of Buckingham, the soil being unfavourable to its growth, suggests, that Boc or Bock, signifies
Book and Charter, as Bocl-land is Book or Charter-land, in contradistinction to Folkland, or
copyhold : hence, BocJdjig, Charter meadow : Ham, a mansion, or home.^
Conjecture is frequently exhausted upon the origin of proper names, without leading to any
satisfactory determination : and it might be employed on the present occasion more for the amuse-
ment of the etymologist than to the credit of the historian. But, — if it be a legitimate inference that
the nature of the soil being unfavourable for the production of the tree whence it derived its appella-
tion, the epithet could not have been designed according to the sense since afllixed to it, — Mr. Lysons
should have shewn some reason why the term, Book or Charter-land, should have been applied to
places where the nature of the tenure does not accord with the expression : or how BucJceuluim,
or Bochingham, could have been an appropriate term for the designation of a town, in which the
tenures do not appear to have agreed with that signification.
If the country around Buckingham were anciently distinguished by any peculiar feature by which
the propriety of the term (when taken in another sense, which as properly belongs to it as that of
beech trees) is supported, that circumstance ought to have some weight in determining the origin
of the name. Upon this principle, Spelman's interpretation will be more generally adopted than
Camden's, whom Lysons followed ; because, if the Town of Buckingham impart its name to the
County or district of which it was originally the head, and if that town were anciently situated in a
forest, where were vast herds of deer, when no remarkable feature of the country, besides those and
the woods which they inhabited, presented itself to the attention of those who gave it the name, the
term Bock or Bucken would be more likely to mean bucks, in a place where there were many, than
beech trees, where there were few. Moreover, Bocken, bucks, and Ham, a home, agree perfectly
well with the site of a town on the border of a river, and a forest, of whatever trees that forest
might have consisted : and bucks, feeding on the border of that forest, or disporting themselves on
J Camden's Britannia. ' Spelman's Glossary.
' It is well known, that charter-lands were anciently called by the Saxons iJocA-land, in contradistinction to copyholds,
which were called FoZA-lands. In Domesday Book, and other ancient records, the couniy town is called Boch-ing-ham.
Many villages of the name of Buckland occur in various parts of the kingdom, all of which are called in old records Boch-
land, i.e. literally charter-land ; Boch-ing, under the same construction, will be a charter-meadow ; the meaning of /(am,
is well known to be a mansion, or vill. [Lysons's Mag. Brit. vol. i. Bucks.]
ii GENERAL HISTORY.
the banks of that river, would sugp;est an appellation, which, in the simplicity of an early age, might
have been readily adopted, as descriptive of situation, so as to entitle the name to be permanently
annexed to the district.
The County of Buckingham is situated between latitude 51° 25' and 52° 11' North ; and the
lono-itudes of 30° and 1° 9" West from Greenwich. Its form is irregularly oval, its northern and
southern extremities inclining considerably towards the east of an imaginary line drawn through
the centre : its general bearing, with reference to the surrounding Counties, being from north-
north-west to south-south-east : and its boundaries deeply indented by portions of Bedfordshire,
Hertfordshire, and Oxfordshire. Buckinghamshire is about forty-five miles in length, about
eigliteen in breadth from the western verge of the parish of Grendon Underwood to the eastern
boundary of the parish of Pightlesthorne {vukjo Fitston) at the junction of the Counties of
Bedford, Hertford, and Bucks ; and about ten miles in breadth in the narrowest part or isthmus,
occasioned by a portion of Hertfordshire interposing between Choulsbury and Marsworth on the
eastern border ; that is, from the eastern side of the parish of Choulsbury to the western verge of the
County, at Bledlow or Towersey.
Speed rather fancifully described the shape of this County in the following terms :—" In forme
it some what resembleth a lion rampant, whose head or north points toucheth the Counties of North-
ampton and Bedford, whose backe or east part is backed by Bedford and Hertfordshire ; his loins or
south borders rest upon Berkshire, and his breast the west side is butted upon wholly by Oxfordshire.
The length thereof from Waisbury [^Wyrardisbury^] in the south, to Bradfeld [^Cold Brayfieki;] in the
north, is thirty-nine miles : the bredth, at the broadest from Ashridge in the east to Brenwood [^Bern-
wood^ Forest in the west, is eighteen ; the whole in circumference one hundred thirty-eight miles."'
In the Agricultural Survey of the County, the admeasurement differs, as may be expected, from
this very ancient calculation : and the circuit of the boundary line is given at one hundred and
thirty-eight miles by almost every author who has mentioned its superficial measure. The difficulty
and almost impossibility of arriving at mathematical accuracy, where the surface is broken into a
thousand irregularities of hill and dale, intermixed with wood and water, is sufficient to excuse a far
rrreater disparity than actually occurs in the several accounts which at different periods have been
given of this portion of the island.
The boundaries of Buckinghamshire are : on the North, Northamptonshire, with the extreme
verge of Bedfordshire at the north-eastern angle : on the East, Bedfordshire, Hertfordshire (with
many indentations and great irregularity of outline), and INIiddlesex: on the South, Berkshire:
and on the West, the County of Oxford, from Fawley at the south-west angle, to \Vestbury, where
it adjoins Northamptonshire, which also extends along the south-west and western verge of the
parishes of Westbury, Turweston and Bidlcsdcn, until it is more properly described as the northern
boundary of Buckinghamshire.
The much greater proportion of this outline is formed by common hedge-rows and ordinary
fences, which are the usual division between inclosures; but on a small part of the north side, the
course of the river OusK, accompanies the boundary line, between Beachampton, Stoney-Stratford,
Wolverton, and the County of Northampton : and also on the east, from Newton Blossomville
(between Cold Brayfield and Bedfordshire,) to the northern extremity of the County.
The Ousel is likewise a boundary of the parishes of Edlesborough, Slapton, Grove, and part of
Linslade, on the east towards Bedfordshire ; and a branch of the Coln, between the south-western
Speed's Theatre of the Empire of Great Britaiiie, Ch. 22, fol. 43. A.D, 1611.
GENERAL HISTORY, iii
point of Hertfordshire and the western side of Middlesex, until this river joins the Thames near
Wyrardisbury.
The Thames forms the whole line of boundary towards Berkshire, on the south: but all the western
side of the County of Buckingham, towards Oxfordshire, is bordered by hedge-rows, ditches, or
stone walls, excepting only for a few miles, where the Thame, from the vicinity of Notley Abbey to
the extreme south-western point of the parish of Wormenhall, is the division of the Counties : as
well as a short course of the Ouse, near its source in Northamptonshire, running first from north
to south, and then by an acute flexure from south towards the east to the point of junction in the
parish of Westbury, between Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire, and Northamptonshire.
The little river Tove, which arises in the adjacent County of Northampton, in the Lordship of
Sulgrave,' forms part of the boundary between that County and Buckinghamshire, from the vicinity
of Grafton Regis to its junction with the Ouse, not far from Stoney Stratford and Cosgrave.
The extent of the County has been very variously calculated : but, according to a Return
made in 1841, the number of acres in each Hundred was estimated as follows:
Ashendon Hundred contains an area of 66,670 Acres.
Aylesbury Hundred „ „ 60,450 „
Buckingham Hundred „ „ 56,290 „
Burnham Hundred „ „ 50,980 „
Cotteslow Hundred „ „ 70,010 „
Desborough Hundred „ „ 52,370 „
Newport Hundred „ „ 75,770 „
Stoke Hundred ,, „ 28,140 „
Total Number of Acres in the County 460,680
The Thame has its source in springs which arise within the County of Buckingham, but acquires
no importance, and scarcely the appellation of a river, until it has passed the boundaries of the
Shire, and unites with the Cherwell and Isis, when it returns with majestic grandeur to adorn its
native County.
The Wyke, Wyche, or Wick, is another stream which has a very short course, and falls into
the Thames on the verge of the County.
The INIiss, or Mease, has a longer course, but joins the Coin and loses its name before it quits the
Shire. Another brook, which runs in nearly a parallel direction, scarcely obtains a name before it
also falls into the Coin. These all have their origin in the southern part of the County, and run
towards the east and south ; excepting the Thame, whose several heads are situated in the central
part of Buckinghamshire, and unite near the town of Aylesbury, from the north, east, and south.
There is also another small brook arising within the northern division of the County, which, after
a very short course, is lost in the Ouse : the other springs there are noticed in the respective parishes.
The Thames, the Ouse, the Coln, the Ouzle or Little Ouse, having their courses partly through
and partly upon the verge of the County, are, however, popularly identified therewith, and enu-
merated amongst the Buckinghamshire rivers.
The Thame, which not only contributes its waters, but gives name to the most celebrated river in
the kingdom, has a right to precedence in the description of these several streams. "
1 Hist, of Northamptonshire, vol. i. p. 513. ^ St. John Priest's Survey of Bucks, p. 3.
h 2
iv GENERAL HISTORY.
'Ihe origin of the Thames is unquestionably within the County of Buckingham/ but it is difficult
to say to which of its several sources belongs the honour of being esteemed the first and principal.
1 Tamesis, whence the name Thames is derived, is said to have originated in the British word Tavuys, signifying
a (/e7itle stream, which certainly well describes the placid character of the Thames: but, on the same authority, it is
asserted, that the name Thames was anciently applied to this river " long before it had wandered so low as Dorchester :"
which rather opposes than supports the hypothesis, inasmuch as the western portion of this river does not exactly accord
with the signification of the word as above stated : besides that, every one of the principal branches or rivers collected to
form its current has its own particular appellation, and retains it until the Isis has swallowed up all the rest, when it at
length meets the Thame, and drops its ancient name for that of Thames, Hence Tame and Isis are fancifully supposed to
be Tamesis ; and hence too, the poetical effusions upon the marriage of these streams :
Ye daughters of the hills.
Come down from every side.
And due attendance give,
Upon the lovely bride.
A beauty yet like her's :
Where have you ever seen ?
So absolute a nymph.
In all things for a Queen ?
And for the princely groom,
Whoever yet could name
A flood, so fit for Isis as the Tame? [Poly Olbion.]
Yet, after all, the Thame is a very insignificant stream in comparison with the Isis, and far less copious than many of her
tributaries : the Churne, the Colne, and even the Lech in Gloucestershire, the VYindrush and Cherwell in Oxfordshire,
and the Ock in Berkshire. But if the derivation of the name be correct, there will be no necessity for referring to the
ancient British language; as the word Tame, in our own tongue, derived from the Saxon, is suflSciently expressive of a
placid quiet current, without the pedantry of farther research. Notwithstanding the usage which has obtained of writing
the River Tame, perhaps to distinguish its name from that of the town, there is no good authority for it : and in the
Commission of Sewers and proceedings thereupon, it is constantly Thame, which appears the correct orthography.
It is not at all surprising that there should have been many claims set up for the honour of producing the noblest
and most celebrated river in England. Thus, besides Gloucestershire and Oxfordshire, the County of Hertford demands,
by the voice of its historians, to be regarded as the parent of this noble stream. The Editor of Magna Britannia, speaks
of " the Thames, the most famous river of England," as rising " at three heads, at Tring, Penley, and Bulburn," in
Hertfordshire, and then leaving the Shire. [Mag. Brit. vol. ii. p. 1016.] Clutterbuck, the learned and able historian of
Hertfordshire, says that, " Bulbourne-head and Dandel's-head" are " the two sources of the river Thame." [History
of Herts, vol. i. p. xi.] ; and in another place, that " the Thame springs from several heads, in the parish of Tring,
and leaving this County in the adjoining parish of Puttenham, flows by Aylesbury to Thame in Oxfordshire, to which
town it gives name, and crossing the road from Tetsworth to Oxford, empties itself into the Thames at Dorchester."
Mr. Salmon contends, upon the authority of Camden, that the Thames is formed by the confluence of this river with the
Isis. But the name of Isis, supposed, with great probability to be the poetical appellation given to it by tlie Oxford
Writers, is confined to that part of it which runs in the neighbourhood of that classical city ; whilst, through the
whole of its course of more than fifty miles from its source in Wiltshire to Oxford, it is known only by the name of the
Thames; and in the Charters of the Monasteries of Malrasbury and Evesham, and the old Deeds of Cricklade, it is
mentioned by the name of Temis." [Clutterbuck's Herts, vol. i. p. 7.]
The Charter of Malmsbury alluded to is one granted by Berthwald de Sumerford, dated 30 July, indictione 13 anno
ab incurnacione Domini 686; and contains these words: — "Ego Berlhwaldus regnante domino rege pro remedio anime
mee et indulgentiam commissorum ergruniinum, aliquam terram conferre largirique Aldelmo abbali decreui id est, illara de
orientali parte fluminis quod appellator Temtjs, juxta uadum cuius uocabulum est Summerforde xxxx. cassatos, &c.
Actum publice in Synodo juxta uadum Bregford" as above: and signed by Theodorus Archiepiscopus, Ethelredus Rex
Merciorum, Berthwaldus Sub regulus, Kenfrithus Patricius, Sexwll'us Lichfeld episcopus, Bosel Wigornie episcopus."
It is remarkable that it is superscribed or entitled, " Carta Berthwaldi de Sumerford que sita est juxta Jimdum qui dicitur
Tamesia," as if for the especial purpose of supporting the assertion respecting the name of the River ! But it is taken out
of the Cartulary of Malmsbury, in the Bodleian Library, [Wood, vol. v. fol. 10. 6,] and may therefore be referred to.
GENERAL HISTORY. v
Of the four brooks, or rivulets, which unite near the heart or centre of the County, on the
north-west and western verge of the parish of Aylesbury, that which runs the longest course, and
might otherwise, perhaps, be deemed the parent spring, is not unfrequently dry in the summer months ;
and another, which is more rapid, and turns a mill much nearer to its source than the rest, has the
shortest course, before it arrives at the point of their juncture.
The spring which arises in the most northern point, near Lidcote, in the parish of Stewkley, runs
southward through the pastures near Cotteslow, which gave name to the Hundred ; and between
Cublington and Creslow to Hardwick, where, running towards the west, it is joined by a rivulet from
Whitchurch on the north, and by other streamlets from the Quainton Hills on the west ; and then,
bending southward, falls in with a brook near Quarendon, which brings a copious supply fi-om springs
arising on the eastern verge of the County and the western border of Hertfordshire ;' then taking a
westerly course through Wingrave and Bierton, passes the Town of Aylesbury on its south side ; and
at the western extremity of that parish, uniting with the stream first-mentioned, passes through the
south-western part of the Vale of Aylesbury, and receives a tributary stream from the south-east,
which is derived from springs arising in the Chiltern Hills, near Wendover ;- the two streams,
severally passing, one through Weston-Turville and Broughton, (running close to Aylesbury on the
east and south) and the other through Stoke Mandeville until it meets with the former stream, at
length flow into the main stream near Haydon-lMill, west of Aylesbury and north of Stone. Thence
pursuing its course near Nether Winchendon and Cuddington, it is again joined by streamlets from
Over Winchendon and Dorton on the north and west ; which, uniting, afterwards acquire the name
of Chearsley Brook, near the site of Notley Abbey. It then runs towards the town of Thame, and,
on the verge of Buckinghamshire, is joined by Kingsey Brook, principally derived from the Hills
near Kimble ; where, passing wcstwardly near Tythorpe in Kingsey, it is augmented by another
rivulet from the Chiltern Hills, above Risborough. Here it begins to be called The Thame ; and
becoming the boundary, towards the south, of the parishes of Crendon, Shabbington, Ickford, and
Wormenhall, takes its intermediate course between Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire, until, at the
verge of the south-western point of Wormenhall, it makes an acute flexure to the south, and enters
the County of Oxford, which it crosses to the confines of Berkshire, where the Cherwell and Isis,
joining this inferior stream, lose their own names and take that of " The Thames." ^ It then returns
to the borders of Buckinghamshire, in the parish of Fawley, at the south-west angle of the Hundred
of Desborough ; and running, first eastwardly, then north-east, then south, and again east and south-
1 These springs, Bui borne-head and Daudel's-head, considered as " the two sources of the river Thame," notwith-
standing the authority of Mr. Clutteibuck, are well known to be in their subsequent course frequently dry in summer,
and are, therefore, it may be presumed, less deserving the rank assigned to them than other rivulets whose source is never
known to fail. The Editors of the Magna Britannia assigned three sources to the Thames, all in Hertfordshire: but it
is presumed that one at least of the three has failed, or that the spring at Pendley would have been adopted by the
modem historian of that County, as well as the others which he has named. [Magna Brit. vol. ii. p. 1016.] The notion
that the source of the Thames is to be found in springs near Tring, appears to have received some support from the
incorrect Map by Baven, a very unfaithful representation, and not supported by any good authority.
* MS. in answer to Queries by Mr. Lysons, signed " W. Lloyd, D.D. Aylesbury."
' Many Commissions have been issued for the improvement and conservation of the Navigation of the River Thames.
The second of these bears date 22 June 1738 ; and in the ensuing year, Inquisitions were held under it both in Bucks and
Oxfordshire. In May 1740, a Court was held and a Rate made, but some persons refusing to pay, and the Commissioners
not agreeing upon the mode of proceedure, very few Courts were afterwards holden. There was a New Comm.ission in
1797, by which the proceedings were better concerted, and the collection of rates enforced, for cleansing the River in an
effectual manner, and preventing Floods, by which the neighbouring country had been frequently inundated, and some-
times exposed to great loss and inconvenience during the hay-harvest.
vi GENERAL HISTORY.
east, sometimes within the boundary lino, sometimes along its course, and sometimes in Berkshire on
the south side thereof, is commonly considered the boundary of the respective Counties, until it
enters Middlesex, at the extreme south point of Buckinghamshire, in the parish of AVyrardisbury.
In its course of about twenty-eight miles, after it returns to the border of the County, the Thames
I'orms a beautiful and, in many places, a majestic feature in the landscape, enriching and fertilizing
the district through which it flows, and diversifying the scenery upon its banks, in a manner which
belongs to the province of the Poet, rather than of the Historian, to describe ; and suggesting those
charming Lines of Denham, with which, in equal justice to the Poet's memory and to the object which
his Muse has immortalised, it may be permitted to embellish this narrative :
" ]\Iy eye, descending from the hill, surveys
Where Thames, among the wanton valleys, strays :
Thames ! the most lov'd of all the Ocean's sons,
By his old Sire, to his embraces runs ;
Hasting to pay his tribute to the sea,
Like, mortal life, to meet eternity.
Though with those streams he no resemblance hold
Whose foam is amber, and their gravel gold.
His genuine and less guilty wealth t' explore,
Search not his bottom, but survey his shore ; ..
O'er which he kindly spreads his spacious wing,
And hatches plenty for th' ensuing spring.
O, could I flow like thee ; and make thy stream
My great example, as it is my theme !
Though deep, yet clear: though gentle, yet not dull ;
Strong without rage, without o'erflowing full :
Heaven her Eridanus no more shall boast.
Whose fame in thine, like lesser current 's lost.
Thy nobler stream shall visit Jove's abodes
To shine among the stars, and bathe the Gods.
While the steep, horrid, roughness of the wood,
Strives with the gentle calmness of the flood.
Low at his foot, a spacious plain is plac'd.
Between the mountain and the stream embrac'd :
Which shade and shelter from the hill derives.
While the kind River wealth and beauty gives :
And in the mixture of all these appears
Variety, whit-h all the rest endears."
The Wyke is a small tributary stream to the Thames, arising near West Wycombe, and running
south-east to High Wycombe, being expanded into an artificial lake in the gardens of West Wycombe
House, the seat of the Dashwood-Kings, and afterwards ornamenting the grounds of Wycombe Abbey
(Lord Carington's.) It then continues its course to Loudwater, where, being joined by another
stream from near Wycombe (which had accompanied the Wyke at a few furlongs distant on the south-
west) their common current turns several mills, and proceeds, with increasing rapidity, througli a fine
deep valley, to Wohurne and Gore-End, joining the Thames opposite to Cookham, in Berkshire.
GENERAL HISTORY. vii
In Leland, is the following account of the Wick, or Wyke, under a different name, which, from its
curiosity, may be inserted :
" Rivers. Use, or Ise. Another Use, or Ise, as of one principal Arme risith abowt Westewikam owt of one of
the Chilterne Hilies, and so cometh to Wikam the Market Tovvne. The Lesse Arme is cawllid Higdenbrooke,
and risith also in one of the Chilterne Hdles a mile above Wikam. Bothe these Streames meate at the West Ende
of Wikam, and thens the hole Botom with one water goith to Hedser, so to Owburne, wher the Bishop of Lincolne
hath a fair Howse, and thes a mile and more into the Tamise. N.B. From Haseley to Ikeford Bridge ij miles.
Here dothe Tame Streame breke into ij Armes in the Meadowes, and sone after cummith to one Streame. The
Arme on the lyfte Hand as the Water descendith hath a Stone Bridge of ij Archis. The other a Wood Bridge
not far from it. Sholngton [Shobbington] Bridge be a Mile above those Bridges on Tame. And as the course
of the Water is Tame Bridge at Tame Towne is a ij Miles above Shoington. Whateley Bridge of viij Arches of
Stone is a iij Miles lower by water on Tame than Ikeford Bridge."
The Miss, Messe, or Mease, ariseth in a meadow about a mile north of Missenden, and ribbles
in a narrow channel along the valley on the east side, bending towards the east as it approaches Little
Missenden, forming a handsome broad stream, or lake, at the eastern foot of the eminence near
Shardeloes, in Amersham. It then passes that town, and meanders through the fields to Chalfont
St. Giles and Chalfont St. Peter's ; and, turning more eastwardly towards Denhara, there falls into
the River Coin.
The CoLN approaches the eastern verge of Buckinghamshire from the County of Hertford, re-
ceiving in its course, near Rickmansworth, a brook which arises in this County, on the north side of
the town of Chesham ; and, running south-eastwardly by Chenies, becomes the boundary of Bucking-
hamshire for about three miles before it joins the Coin ; which, passing close to the town of Uxbridge,
in several streams, divides, by its western branch, Middlesex from Bucks : and, augmented by the
Mease, and other small rivulets from Fulnier, continues to be the boundary of the County towards the
east, until it unites with the Thames in the parish of \Vyrardisbury, near the point of its exit from
this County.
The OusE, arising in Northamptonshire near the borders of Bucks, and having a course of nearly
fifty miles within or upon the verge of this Shire, may, with some propriety, be adopted amongst its
Rivers. It runs first from north to south, becomes a boundary to Bucks at its north-western angle,
in the parishes of Biddlesden and Turweston ; and, bending eastwardly near Brackley in Northamp-
tonshire, separates Oxfordshire on the south, from the parishes of Westbury and VVater-Stratford on
the north J then penetrating into Buckinghamshire, proceeds by a very tortuous course and with a
sluggish stream to Buckingham, receiving near Radclive, a rivulet from Dodford and Biddlesden ; then
running more northwardly, passes Buckingham, and afterwards is augmented by a brook, supplied out
of small springs in the north-western part of the County, severally denominated from the respective
parishes in which they arise, and clianging their appellations as they enter or pass through other
districts, until, in one stream, called Padbury Brook, it joins the River Ouse north-east of Buckingham.
Thence by Thornton and Beachampton, it again becomes the boundary of the County towards North-
amptonshire ; and, having passed near Stoney-Stratford, receives from the north the Tow, and again
penetrates into the County. It then runs eastwardly, between Haversham on the north and Wolver-
ton on the south, in a wide stream, which (being increased by a brook from Shenley and Bradwell
on the south) is some times swollen into a large river, and proceeds to Stanton-Barry, Linford, and
Newport-Pagnell. Here the Ouse makes some very remarkable flexures, running towards every
point of the compass within the course of about four miles, receiving near Newport, the Ouse], and
other small streams ; and, flowing west and north-west to Tyringham, is joined by the Adder from
Weston-Underwood. It then runs north-east between Olney and Emberton, turns to the north
viii GENERAL HISTORY.
at Clifton-Reyries, and, by a serpentine course between Newton-BIossomville on the south, and Cold-
Brayfield on the north, accompanies the north-eastern boundary line of the County to Turville, in
Bedfordshire.
The OusKL, or Little Ouse, arises in Hertfordshire, close to tlie boundary line of Bucks, eastward
of Ivinghoe, and runs northward into Bedfordshire, which it separates from this County on the east
side of Edlesborough, Slapton, Grove, and Linslade ; then running north-west, passes through Soul-
bury, between that township and its hamlets of Smewnes and Bragenham,— then borders the three
Brickhills, running eastward of Fenny-Stratford to Simpson and Willien, where its stream is
sluggish, and its channel in some places deep ; and after a zig-zag and very irregular course, joins
the Ouse near Newport Paguell ; having, in about thirty miles, received its principal supplies from
rivulets from the north of Ivinghoe, at Slapton, from Stewkley near Grove, from Stoke Hammond,
from Newton Longueville, from Water Eton, and near Newport, chiefly on the west of its stream.
The surface of the whole County is pleasantly varied by gentle inequalities and bold eminences,
irregularly and some times picturesquely distributed between very fine valleys. Some of the loftiest
of these hills are abrupt and precipitous ; but many of them, especially in the southern parts of the
County, are extremely romantic, their summits being crowned with groves, and the River Thames
flowing at their base.
That distinguished range, called the Chilterns, which extends from the south-west border towards
Oxfordshire to the north-eastern verge of Bucks, and is part of that great chain or belt which
stretches from Dorsetshire into Norfolk, is in some parts thickly covered with beech woods ; in others,
presents fine sloping downs with the wavy line in beautiful perspective, and generally free from rug-
gedness and sterility.^ On the south-western border, where the hills are more abrupt than in the
eastern part of the range, and where the valleys between them are consequently deeper and more
intricate, the scenery is highly picturesque, but the prospects are more confined than from the emi-
nences near the middle of the County.
The Chilterns, which cross the south-eastern, or, as it is commonly termed, the ujjper part of Buck-
inghamshire, extend ten or twelve miles in breadth from north to south, and measured obliquely from
south-west to north-east, i.e. from Oxfordshire to Bedfordshire, including a peninsular portion of
Hertfordshire on the east, nearly twenty-five miles.
Northward of the Chilterns, and spreading from their base, the Vale of Aylesbury extends from
the eastern to the western verge of the County ; but is terminated ou the north-west by a range of
hills gradually rising towards Oxfordshire ; and on the north by a cluster of loftier eminences, of
which some are detached from the rest, particularly the Quainton Hills ; and others, appearing to
belong to the western border of the Chilterns, but which, upon a nearer view, are found separated by
a valley of irregular width, through which the Ousel has its course.
The Chiltern Hills were comprised within the district so denominated; and have been annexed
' " Tlie Chilterns," says Camden, "a ridge of eminences from Henley-upon-Tliames, towards tiie northern part of
Oxfordshire, separating- it from Buckinghamshire, and including part of the Hundred of Binfield, &c. derive their name
from the soil; Cilt, or Chilt, in Saxon, being Chalk: for the country so called riseth, for the most part, into the chalky
hills covered with woods and groves of beeches." But the Author of the Additions tells us, that, in the Saxon Tongue,
there is no such word as cylr, or cliylr, for they always call it ceale; and yet it is certain, that, in the Saxon times, it had
that name. Mr. Soniner, therefore, interprets it locus gelidus, but for what reason we know not, unless he has respect to
tlic modern word cldll, which signifies cold. [Magna Brit. vol. iv. p. 425.]
GENERAL HISTORY. ix
to the Crown. The district has its own courts, the Steward being appointed by the Chancellor of the
Exchequer, with a salary of 20s. per ann. and all fees. The acceptance of this office vacates a seat in
Parliament ; and it is therefore, in numerous instances, made the medium of retiring from the Repre-
sentation.^ No formal resignation of the Stewardship is necessary, in order to its being again at the
disposal of the Minister of the Crown, after any person may have accepted the appointment : and
probably a list of the Stewards would be found more volumnious than any catalogue of officers of
any other description in the kingdom ; scarcely a Session of Parliament passing, without this office
having been accepted by many individuals.
In the northern part of the County are some lofty eminences near the Brickhills, three villages so
denominated from the nature of the soil ; from thence, the extreme borders of the County, to the
west, north, and north-east, decline into a level plain.
Woodward describes the Geological productions of this County, as follows: — Bivalves; found at
Quainton, Dinton, and Aylesbury : and at Dinton, also, a striated species or variety of Nautilus.
ufEchiiii; at Amersham, near Marlow, and about Wyrardisbury. Belemnites ; at Lillingston Dayrell.
Ammonites and ^'Etites-geodes ; about EUesborough. Rhomboidal-selenite ; in clay, at Long
Crendon and Quainton.- " Buckinghamshire," says a learned writer, in the Gentleman's Magazine,
"has many quarries abounding with petrifactions, as at Brill, Aylesbury, and Dinton;' and chalk-
hills at Beaconsfield," &c." Smith, in his " Account of the Sti'ata of English Counties," observes,
that Bucks has " all the varieties of the strata of Oxfordshire, with a less proportion of stony land ;"
and that " the clayey Vale of Aylesbury is succeeded by a sand and sand-stone ridge, a district of
strong clay, and a dry lime-stone."
The following remarks upon the strata of flints in the Chiltern Hills, and neighbouring parts of
Buckinghamshire, are worthy of record :
" The common flint is never found, but in the vicinity of chalk in which it lies embedded. It runs in dark
horizontal veins along a deep bed of chalk, as if introduced by water; and above and below it, is often a tinge of
rusty red, as if produced by an oxidation of iron. Numbers of flints are found hollow and spherical, more or less
filled with chalk in the inside, and with a calcareous incrustation, more or less hard, on the outside; but always
increasing in hardness as it approaches the coat of flint. Some solid flints have the same incrustation. Flints are
never found with angular surfaces, but have their prominences all circular, or approaching to that form. There
appears an irregular chrystallization in them, as if effected by a portion of water confined in a bed of chalk, and
producing (like water thrown amongst flour) a variety of forms, more or less round. In many white flints, the
colour of chalk is retained, and in these are cavities containing chalk; the formation of the flint being, in other
respects, complete. In some specimens may be traced the several gradations from a state of pulverulent calcai-eous
1 The origin of the establishment of this Office has been variously stated ; but the following appears the most probable :
That portion of the high chalk hills, termed the Chilterns, abounding with beech trees, is said to have been, at any early
period, infested by banditti of robbers ; and the Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds (as those of Desborough, Stoke, and
Buruham, were commonly denominated) was originally appointed for the purpose of apprehending and putting down those
depredators ; which, at length, having been accomplished, the duties of the office of course ceased. The formality of the
office has been ever since retained, for the purposes stated above.
''■ Gent. Mag. vol. xc. P. 1, p. 308 ; in a Lithontriptic View of Buckinghamshire, by Emanuel Mendez de Costa.
^ A very rare specimen of an extinct race of monsters, — the fish lizard, — was discovered in the clay, at the village of
Claydon, in the year 1845. It measured thirteen feet in length; but the bones were not perfectly fossilized. It was
removed from the soil in the presence of Dr. Buckland, the Professor of Geology in the University of Oxford, and several
other scientific gentlemen.
C
X GENERAL HISTORY.
earth, to the dark transparent substance of which gun-flints are made, proceeding in distinct coatings, progressively
harder as they advance to the state of black flint. Fossil (echini, found in chalk flints, are seen filled with flint
having only a slight edge of white incrustation. From these observations it may be conjectured, that flints of this
class are formed merely by the accession of water to a bed of chalk. Whether the union of carbonic acid gas with
the constituent gases of the water, or whether any adventitious matter may have been introduced by the water,
may perhaps be ascertained by future experiments, and a careful examination of the calcareous strata in which
flint is found." ^
BOTANY.
The Plants formerly deemed rare, but found indigenous to this County, are few ; and consist of —
Dentaria bulbifera, or coral wort, whicli grows in abundance in the beech-woods ; Mianthus cary-
'phillus, clove pink, or July flower ; Ophrijs mnsifera, fly orchis ; Paris quadrifoUa, Paris net, or
true love ; Hiericum miirorvm, golden lungwort ; Melmnptjrum crisfalitim, crested cow wheat ;
and Jasione montana, hairy sheep's scabious."
ROMAN ROADS.
The Ikening, or Ickneild-Street, enters Buckinghamshire on the east, near Edlesborough, running
on the edge of the hills, or downs, which form the border of Hertfordshire ; passes Pightles-
thorne on the north-east, and Tring towards the north-west ; runs on the east side of Drayton
Beauchamp, between the Church and the Hertfordshire hills, on the verge of the latter ; crosses the
turnpike-road from Tring to Aylesbury, near the thirty-third milestone from London ; leaves Halton
on the west ; and, running through the Town of Wendover from east to west (dividing it into two
nearly equal parts) proceeds towards Ellesborongh, through enclosures ; passes to the east end and
south side of Ellesborongh Church, to Little Kimble, leaving the church on the south ; runs through
Great Kimble and Ascot, near the foot of the hill on which is cut the celebrated White-Leaf Cross,
which it passes on the north-west side ; proceeds near Risborough, and, making a flexture towards the
west (from the south-west) as if to accommodate its course to the high grounds of the Chiltern Hills,
runs through Culverton, inclining towards the north; but, resuming its original direction to the south-
west by west, near Saunderton, skirts that village on the south-east, and enters Oxfordshire in the
vicinity of Chinner, on the eastern verge of that County.
Although this Road is usually attributed to the Romans, it is much more probably an old British
track.' Ickle-way is a name conjectured to have been given to it on account of its leading to Ickle-
ford, (corruptly) Hackney-way, Hackle-way, Acnel-way, with all the varieties to which a variable
pronunciation of a living language have led.
Gryme's Dyke, called in the ordinary dialect of these parts Grhns Ditch, is (as its name imports)
a trench, or ravine, cut to a considerable depth, and having the soil, which has been dug out of it, laid
up as a bank on the verge of it, thus forming a rampart of earth, which has induced the conjecture of
its being the remains of a vicinal way. It is a work of such magnitude as to deserve a particular
description ; although at this time reduced by cultivation, which, in many parts, has filled up the
trench and destroyed the vallum, so that it is not to be traced without great difficulty.
The name is undoubtedly British, and signifies something more than, the great ditch, or dyke ;
which, as it at once establishes its remote antiquity, opposes the notions which have been entertained
by some, who have assigned to it a different origin.
Mr. Pointer, in a Description of the Roman Roads in Oxfordshire,^ mentions a high ridged bank
' Monthly Mag. vol. xxvii. pp. 249, 250. • Woodward, and James Dugdalc's Brit. Trav. vol. i. p. 131.
3 Steele's MSS. ■> Pointer's Britannia Romana, p. 44.
GENERAL HISTORY. xi
called by the same name, Gryme's Dyke ; which he describes as running from Wallingford, in Berk-
shire, to Colnbrook, in Bucks, crossing the Ikeneild-way within two miles of Ewelme ; and calls it
a vicinal way : which, he remarks, is very high, consisting of a single vallum in part of its course,
but in the woods near Nuffield appearing double, with a deep trench between the banks ; from which
circumstance he conjectures, that " that portion of it near Wallingford was once so too, and
therefore called Gryme's Bitch ; the trench, in all likelihood, being filled up with one of the banks
thrown into it, upon the increase of cultivation ; perhaps at first designed only to carry off the water,
and the two banks on each sides for the carriages betwixt the stations."
Notwithstanding the similarity of names, the trench which enters Buckinghamshire, from Tring, in
Hertfordshire, on the east, and crosses through the south-eastern portion of this County, in a direction
towards Wallingford, is not to be mistaken for the vallum described by Pointer, even if his conjecture
be admitted with regard to the design of that work ; for its course is different, and its construction
forbids the idea entertained by that learned Author, that it was intended as a vicinal way, with
trenches in some places from ten to fifteen or twenty feet in depth, " to carry off" the water ;" and
formed with the convenience of two lines of road, to avoid the disturbance of carriages meeting each
other in their passage from station to station : a contrivance which would indicate a degree of popu-
lation and a state of commerce impossible to be imagined, even when the Romans, at the height of
their power, accomplished their chief works in this Island. Besides, the word dyke has so precise a
meaning, that it is extraordinary it could have been even imagined to have been the distinguishing
epithet for a vicinal way, to which, according to Mr. Pointer's hypothesis, it was only an auxiliary,
and intended as a drain for carrying off water, in a district too, remarkably dry and elevated.
Gryme's Dyke, mentioned by Mr. Pointer, as crossing the Ikeneild-way near Ewelme, and Gryme's
Dyke which runs through part of Hertfordshire and Bucks towards Ewelme, are (though not the same)
of apparently similar design and construction : and the dyke being, in each of them, cut to the
greatest depth where it is carried along the verge of eminences and over the highest ground, is a
sufficient proof that, for whatsoever other purpose intended, it could not have been designed for
draining off water, which, in such situations, could never have been collected, the dyke being, in fact,
carried over heights in many instances inaccessible for wheeled carriages ; so that it is absurd to
attach to it the idea of a road : it is much more probable, that it was made as a line of defence from
hostile invaders.
Gryme's Dyke, having crossed that portion of the range of the Chiltern Hills which forms the
western verge of Hertfordshire, and having entered the eastern side of Bucks near Aston Clinton,
running westward through cultivated fields and a small wood to Bucket Lane, and over St. Leonard's
Common, towards the Ikeneiid-way, near Wendover, on the south-west of the modern turnpike-road,
is very plainly seen in a wood ; where it passes a farm-house called Conscience Field (some time in the
occupation of Mr. Pratt) bending towards the south and east ; it then makes a flexure in a plan-
tation of fern and fir-trees, and crosses a ploughed field, where it may be traced, but considerably
lowered and diminished, so that in some places it is scarcely above the surface. It is still to be seen
above the road leading from Wendover to Lee Common, and in a hedge-row on the south.'
In Clutterbuck's History of Hertfordshire, this " bank and ditch," (for it is no where said to have
been double, as Gryme's Dyke mentioned by Pointer) in a note to the account of ancient British
roads, as it relates to " this County of Bucks," is there traced from " a farm belonging to Mr.
I From infoimation communicated by the late very learned Rev. David Roderick, of Cboulsbury ; who, with great
industry, traced this part of the course of the Dyke, at the time of the compilation of that account of it which is inserted
in Clutterbuck's History of Hertfordshire.
C 2
xii GENERAL HISTORY.
Harding, over Oakgrove Farm, through a long track of woodland" to " St. Leonard's Common ;
and passing through Baldwin's and Collard's Woods,^ to King's Ash Hedge-row Coppice, in
King's Lane, and Rushmore Wood, in King's Wood Lane, to Ive's Farm in Missenden, where it
crosses the Wendover valley and the turnpike-road, and is then lost for two miles, till discovered
again north of Hampden, passing west-south-west through Rarnegrove to Rudland End, by the
side of High-wood on Risborough hillock, and over Lacey Green into a wood of three thousand
acres near Bradenham." "
Clutterbuck had " little doubt of this bank and ditch being made by the Celts, against the invasion
of the Belgae, probably after their taking of Verulam :" and it had obtained its present appellation at
a very early period ; for, amongst the records of Ashridge Monastery, it occurs in a Charter of Edmund
Earl of Cornwall, in the reign of Henry HL in the description of a certain way which is said to pass
" ad quoddam fossatum quod dicitur Grimes-dich." ^
Mr. Roderick thought that the line of Grime's Dike could not have been the boundary of the
Mercian kingdom, because its course must have left Berkhampstead (a favourite residence of their
Kings) on the south : and crossing also southward of Wendover, could not have connected itself with
the trench near Hedgerley. The same learned and ingenious observer notices the popular notion,
that it was supposed, by the common people, to extend from sea to sea ; and that a similar name is
given to a ditch or dike, of considerable length, on Harrow Weald, in Middlesex, as well as others
in the North of England ; but admits that it has much more appearance of a rude military work, or
the division of a district, than the character of a Roman road.
The course of Grime's Ditch is clearly to be traced from Verulam, at intervals, to the southern
part of Buckinghamshire, perhaps to the northern bank of the Thames, towards Cookham, in Berk-
shire, or a little more westward.
Dr. Plot confused this British or Saxon boundary, with a Roman road subsequently described by
Wharton, in the History of Kiddington, in which he has noticed the errors of preceding writers.
An ancient British road, called Thii: Port-way, may be traced in the vicinity of Stone, pointing a
little westward of Aylesbury, and running towards Haddenham and Thame. It is now little more
than a field-way through the pastures and meadows ; but, in a lane south of Hartwell and the modern
road from Aylesbury to Thame, is more distinctly marked. By the ancient inhabitants, it was called
Port-/r///<?, but more commonly Ford-lane, and leading to that hamlet and to Cold-Aston. In this
part of its course, it is about one mile from Stone, more than two miles from Aylesbury, and three
i'rom Kimble. The Port-way crosses the Thame turnpike-road, on the verge and at the corner (south-
west) of the estate of the Lees, at Hartwell, passing over a rough arch or bridge (which forms a
communication between different portions of the pleasure-grounds of Hartwell-House), and is con-
tinued across the pastures and fields north-eastwardly to Cold Harbour, a watery situation about half
a mile from Aylesbury ; but, on account of the nature of the ground, not to be approached but by
going through Hartwell, which greatly increases that distance.
The name of Ford, as connected with Aston-Sandford, Cold-Aston, and Cold-Harbour, is presumed
to have relation to the military divisions of the district ; and all the remains of Danish embankments,
which arc abundant between the verge of the Chiltern Hills, towards Chinnor, in Oxfordshire, and
Ashcndon and Brill, in this County, are confined to this district, terminating on the south-west side
of Aylesbury.
' Probably the woods bdonging to the family of Baldwin, of Chonlsbiiry, and Collet (not CoUard) of Wendover.
2 Ciutterbuck's History of Hertfordshire, vol. i. p. 13.
■> Carta penes Joh. Com. de Biidgewatcr, cited in Ciutterbuck's Hist, of Herts, vol. ii. p. 291 n.
GENERAL HISTORY.
ANCIENT CAMPS AND FORTIFICATIONS.
At West Wycombe, on the summit of a high hill, are the remains of a circular camp, with a double
vallum and deep ditch on the east side, and a shallow trench inclosing the remainder. There is also
another circular camp at Old or Aid Hollands (evidently from Aid, or Alt,) near West Wycombe,
above the station in Desborough Field.
At Danesfield, the seat of Charles Robert Scott Murray, Esq. on an elevated bank of the Thames,
is an entrenchment, nearly circular, with a double vallum round it, excepting on that side next the
River, where is a steep clifF: this is called Dane's Ditch. There is also a camp, nearly square, above
Medmenham, in the beautiful grounds of the same gentleman, inclosing seven acres within a single
vallum and ditch.
At Choulsbury, is a regular oblong square camp, or trench, 289 yards from east to west, and 207
yards from north to south, surrounded by a double ditch : probably an ancient British town.
At Havvridge, the Manor House stands within a circular entrenchment : and at Hedgerley Dean
are some large entrenchments, and a ditch running thence to East Burnham.
At Burnham, there is an oblong vallum and ditch, about 130 paces long and 60 wide, called
Harlequin's Moat : a most unfortunate misnomer, in the translation of the Saxon Chronicle.
There are other earth-works on the side of the Chiltern Hills, near Ellesborough : and a high
circular mount, called Castle Hill, or Kimble Castle, eighty paces in circumference, which has been
assigned, by tradition, to Cunobelinus, the Cymheline of Shakspeare.
The Grand Junction Canal traverses a considerable portion of this County. It enters Bucking-
hamshire near Wolverton, where it is carried across the valley over the R,iver Ouse (which is here
the boundary of the County) by a magnificent Aqueduct of three quarters of a mile in length ; and,
after passing through several parishes, leaves Buckinghamshire near the village of Marsworth. Its
course has been well described by Hassell : — " The beautiful scenery which accompanies its banks,
meanders through a country profuse with the picturesque, lined on its right with the Chiltern Hills,
and on the opposite side of the valley with a succession of wooded eminences, terminating the prospect
with (he bold knolls in the vicinity of Leighton. The abundance of timber, with church towers and
spires rising above the summit of the woods, give a cheerful variety to the vale beneath." '
The following are the lengths, in chains of twenty-two yards each, of the (irand Junction Canal,
in the several parishes of this County, with the nature of the earth in excavation : "
vvoiverion i/4cnai
Bradwell 51 „
ns...L,imestone upon ciay..
...Limestone.
vv arer i!.i;on /y cnai
Stoke Hammond 136 „
...Clay.
Stanton-Barry 94 „
...Ditto.
Soulbury
..148 „
...Ditto.
Linford Magna 186 „
...Limestone and clay.
Linslade
..278 „
...Clay and sand.
WiUen 33 „
...Clay.
Grove
.. 90 „
...Clay and gravel.
Woolston Parva 59 „
...Ditto.
Slapton
..148 „
...Clay.
Woolston Magna 51 „
...Ditto.
Eddlesborough
22 „
...Clay and marl.
Woughton 77 „
...Ditto.
Ivinghoe -
..148 „
...Marl.
Simpson 165 „
...Ditto.
Cheddington •
.. 32 „
...Ditto.
Fenny Stratford 44 „
...Ditto.
Marsworth
,.212 „
...Marl and grey chalk.
Total 22-27 Chains.
, or about 27| Miles,
' Hassell's Tour of the Grand Junction Canal, with an Historical and Topographical Description of the adjacent Parts.
« Communicated by the kindness of Mr. B. Bevan, of Leighton, the Surveyor.
GENERAL HISTORY.
HIGH SHERIFFS OF THE COUNTY.
STEPHEN.
1135. Aubrey de Vere of Bolebec Castle
1141. Richard Basset (Justiciary of England,) of Dray-
ton Basset, Co. Stafford.
HENRY 11.
1154. Aubrey de Vere, and Richard Basset.
1155. Henry de Essex (Baron of Raleigh.)
1157. John de Bidun.
1159. Geflfry Fitz-Ralph.
1160. Richard Fitz-Osbert.-
1163. Hugh de la Large.
1169. David, Archdeacon of Bucks.
1174. William Fitz-Richard.
1180. WilHam Rufus.
1187. Oger Fitz-Oger.
RICHARD I.
1190. William Rufus.
1194. Simon de Beauchamj) of Bedford Castle.
1198. William de Albini (Baron of Belvoir.)
1199. William de Albini (Baron of Belvoir.)
1200. Geffry Fitz-Piers (Earl of Essex.)
1"205. Robert de Braybroke.
1-213. Hugh Lord Gournay (Baron of Whorlton.)
1214. Henry de Braybroke, Chiv'.
HENRY III.
1216. Fulk de Brent (Baron of Eye) of Bedford Castle.
1223. Walter de Patteshall of Bletsoe.
1228. Stephen de Segrave, Knt. (Chief-Justice of the
Com. Pleas,) of Segrave Castle, Co. Leicester.
1234. Ralph Fitz-Reginald.
1235. William Lord Beauchamp (Baron of Bedford.)
1236. Reginald de Whitchurch (Anns : Arg. frette Gu.)
1237. Robert de Hage.
1238. John de Grey, Knt. of Water Hall, in Bletchley.
1239. Paulin de Peyvre, Knt. of Chilton.
1241. John Grimbaud.
1242. William de Holwell.
1249. Alexander de Hamden.
1253. Simon de Crendon.
1255. Robert le Savage.
1256. Robert de Tottcnhall.
1258. Alexander de Hamden.
1262. Simon de Pateshall.
1267. Edward Earl of Chester (eldest son of Hen. III.
1272. Thomas de Bray of Eton, Co. Bedford.
EDWARD I.
1274. Hugh de Stapleford.
1278. John de Cheney.
1282. Ralph de Golding of Goldington, Co. Beds.
1284. Robert Malet (Arms : Az. three escalops Or.)
1285. William de Bayville.
1287. William de Turville of Weston Turville.
1289. John de Pabeuham, Knt. of Fleet Marston.
1290. William de Turville.
1293. Nicholas de Trimenell.
1296. Simon de Bradenham.
1297. Walter de Molesworth, Knt. Co. Bedford.
EDWARD II.
1307. Gilbert de Holme.
1309. William Mere, Knt.
1312. Walter de Molesworth, Knt,
1314 John de Pabenham.
1315. John de la Hay of Shalston.
1317. Roger de Tyringham.
1318. Philip de Alesbury of Milton Keynes.
1319. Richard de Cave,
1320. Ingelram de Berenger, Knt.
1322. Roger de Tyringham.
1323. John de la Hay,
1.324. Philip de Alesbury, Knt.
EDWARD III.
1327, Philip de Alesbury, Knt,
1333. Ralph de Wedon of Wedon.
1337. Nicholas de Passelaw of Drayton Passelaw.
1340. Gerard de Braybroke of Horsington.
1341. Henry de Chalfont.
1342. John Aygnell of Penley.
1344, Thomas de Swyneford of Bedfordshire.
1 From Lists of Sheiifis of Bucks and Beds, in Wurburton's and Pomfret's Collections ; Lansdowne's MSS, 887;
Harleian MSS. 7378 ; and various other aullicntic sources of information. Until the year 1574, the Sheriffs exercised
jurisdiction conjointly over the Counties of Buckingham and Bedford.
* Richard Fitz Osbert filled the office of Sheriff three successive years, and Hugh de la Large the six following years.
This remark also applies in every future instance where the omission of any particular date occurs, the same person filling
the office invariably during the years which may appear to be omitted.
GENERAL HISTORY.
1 346. William Croyser of Bedfordshire.
1348. Thomas Fermbrand, Knt.
1350. John Chastillon of Thornton.
1352. Gerard de Braybroke, Knt.
1354. Peter de Salford.
1356. John de Hampden of Great Hampden.
1358. Hugh Chastillon.
1360. John de Hampden.
1362. Peter de Salford.
1364. John de Hampden.
1366. Peter de Salford.
1368. John de Aylesbury, Knt.
1371. John Cheney.
1372. John Ragon, Co. Bedford.
1373. John de Aylesbury, Knt.
1374. John de Arderne.
1375. John de Broughton.
1376. John de Olney of Weston Underwood.
1377. John de Aylesbury, Knt.
1378. Thomas Peyver of Toddington, Co. Beds.
1379. Giles D'Aubeney, Knt.
1380. Thomas [John?] Saekville of Fawley.
1381. John de Aylesbury, Knt.
1383. John Wodeville of Grafton Regis, Co. Northampton
1384. Robert Dixwell of Tingrey, Co. Bedford.
1385. Thomas Covell.
1386. John de Aylesbury, Knt.
1387. Ralph Fitz^ Richard, Co. Bedford.
1388. Thomas Peyver.
1389. Thomas Saekville, Knt.
1390. Edmund Hampden of Hampden.
1391. William Tyringham.
1392. Thomas Peyver.
1393. Philip Walwyn.
1394. John Longueville of Wolverton.
1395. Edmund Hampden of Hampden.
1396. Reginald Ragon.
1 397. John Worship of Hardwick.
HENRY IV.
1399. Thomas Eston.
1400. Edmund Hampden of Hampden,
1401. Roger Beauchamp, Knt. of Eaton Soken.
1402. Reginald Ragon.
1403. John Bois of Chesham Bois.
1405. Edmund Hampden of Hampden.
1406. Thomas Peyver.
1407. Richard Hay.
1408. Baldwin Pigot, Knt. of Stratton, Co. Bedford.
1409. Thomas Strickland.
1410. Richard Wyatt.
1411. Baldwin Pigott, Knt.
1412. Thomas de Aylesbury, Knt.
HENRY V.
1413. Thomas Strickland.
1414. Edmund Hampden of Hampden.
1415. Thomas Wanton of Great Stoughton, Co. Hunts.
1416. Richard Wyatt.
1417. John Gifford of Whaddou.
1418. William Massey.
1419. Walter Fitz-Richard.
1420. John Radwill.
HENRY VI.
1422. Thomas Wanton, Knt. of Great Stoughton.
1423. John Cheyne, Knt.
1424. Richard Wyatt.
1425. John Cheyne, Knt.
1426. William Massey.
1427. Humphrey Stafford of Milton Keynes.
1428. Thomas Wanton, Knt. of Luton Hoo, Co. Beds.
1429. Thomas Hoo, (afterwards K.G.)
1430. John Cheyne.
1431. Giles Daubeny.
1432. Thomas Wanton, Knt. of Luton Hoo.
1433. Thomas Grove.
1434. John Hampden of Hampden.
1435. John Broughton.
1436. Robert ]Manfield of Taplow.
1437. Humphrey Stafford, Knt.
1438. John Hampden.
1439. Walter Strickland.
1440. John Brecknock of Hardwick.
1441. Edmund Hampden of Dunton.
1442. Edmund Rede of Boarstall.
1443. Thomas Singleton of Hartwell.
1444. John Wenlock of Somerley, Co. Beds.
1445. Thomas Rokes of Fawley.
1446. Thomas Giffard of Twyford.
1447. George Longueville, Knt. of Wolverton.
1448. William Gedney.
1449. John Hampden of Great Hampden.
1450. Robert Whitingham of Salden and Penley.
1451. Robert Gluey of Weston Underwood.
1452. Edmund Rede of Boarstall.
1553. John Pulter of Hitchin.
1454. Thomas Singleton of Hartwell.
1455. Thomas Charleton, Knt.
1456. John Hampden of Hampden.
GENERAL HISTORY.
1457. John Manninghara.
1438. John Heton.
1439. John Broughton.
1460. Edmund Rede of Boarstall.
EDWARD IV.
I4G1. Thomas Reynes, Esq. of Clifton Reynes.
1463. Peter House, Esq.
1464. John Broughton, Esq. of Isenhampstead Chenies.
1463. Sir John Boteler, Knt. of Edgborough.
1466. Thomas Hampden, Esq. of Hampden.
1467. John Forster, Esq, of Hanslape.
1468. Wilham Lucy, Esq. of Haversham.
1469. Robert Booth, Esq.
1470. Reginald Grey, Esq. of Co. Beds.
1471. John Langston, Esq. of Caversfield.
1472. Sir John Boteler, Knt. of Edgborough.
1473. Richard Bulstrode, Esq. of Hedgerley Bulstrode.
1474. Drugo Brudenell, Esq. of Chalfont St. Peter's.
1473. Edward Molineaux, Esq. of Drayton Beauchamp.
1470. John Rotherham, Esq. of Luton, Co. Bedford.
1477. Thomas Rokes, Esq. of Fawley.
1478. Thomas Fowler, Esq. of Buckingham.
1479. Richard Enderby, Esq. of Stratton, Co. Beds.
1480. Sir John Verney, Knt. of Middle Claydon.
1481. Thomas Hampden, Esq. of Hampden.
EDWARD V.
1482. Drugo Brudenell, Esq. of Chalfont St. Peter's.
1483. Thomas Fowler, Esq. of Buckingham.
1484. Sir John Donne, Knt. of Horsingdon.
HENRY VII.
1485. George Ingleton, Esq. of Thornton.
1486. Thomas Rokes, Esq. of Fawley.
1487. Thomas Fowler, Esq. of Buckingham.
1488. John Rotherham, Esq. of Luton.
1489. Richard Godfrey, Esq.
1490. John Langston, Esq. of Caversfield.
1491. Richard Prestwold, Esq. of Hcdsor.
1492. Edmund Cockayne, Esq.
1493. Richard Godfrey, Esq.
1494. William Rede, Esq. of Boarstall.
1493. Thomas Dayrell, Esq. of Lillingstone Da} veil.
14!)6 Thomas Langston, Esq. of Caversfield.
1497. John GyflFord, Esq. of Twyford.
1498. David Phillips, Esq. of Chenies.
1499. Richard Restwold, Esq.
1500. Sir Hugh Conway, Knt of Waddesdon.
1301. Sir John St. John, K.B. of Bletsoe, Co. Beds.
1302. Richard Blount, Esq. of Iver.
1303. Edmund Bulstrode, Esq. of Hedgerley.
1304. Thomas Dayrell, Esq. of Lillingstone Dayrell.
1505. John Cheney, Esq. of Chesham Bois.
1306. William Gascoyne, Esq. of Cardington, Co. Beds.
1507. Sir John Longueville, Knt. of Wolverton.
1308. George Hervey, Esq. of Chilton.
HENRY VIII.
1509. John Mordaunt, Esq. of Clifton Reynes.
1310. John Dyve, Esq.
1311. Ralph Verney, Esq. of Middle Claydon.
1312. Thomas Dynham, Esq. of Eythorpe.
1513. William Gascoyne, Esq. of Cardington.
1514. Sir Edward Bray, Knt. of Mentmore.
1515. Sir John St. John, K.B. of Bletsoe.
1516. Sir George Hervey, Knt. of Chilton.
1517. William Gascoyne, Esq. of Cardington.
1518. Michael Fisher, Esq. of Clifton, Co. Bedford.
1519. Sir William Rede, Knt. of Boarstall.
1520. John Cheney, Esq. of Chesham Bois.
1521. Sir Robert Lee, Knt. of Quarendon.
1522. Robert Dormer, Esq. of Wing.
1 323. Thomas Langston, Esq. of Caversfield.
1 524. Sir Ralph Verney, Knt. of Middle Claydon.
1 323. Thomas Rotherham, Esq. of Luton.
1526. Sir Edward Greville, Knt.
1527. Francis Pygot, Esq. of Stratton.
1328. Sir John Hampden, Knt. of Hampden.
1529. Sir John St. John, Knt. of Bletsoe.
1 330. Sir Michael Fysher, Knt. of Clifton.
1331. Sir Robert Dormer, Knt. of Wing.
1532. Sir Edward Donne, Knt. of Horsingdon.
153.3. Sir Robert Lee, Knt. of Quarendon.
13.34. Sir John St. John, Knt. of Bletsoe.
1333. Robert Corbet, Esq. of Linslade.
1336. Thomas Longueville, Esq. of Wolverton.
1537. Sir William Windsor, Knt. of Bradenham.
1 338. Sir Robert Dormer, Knt. of Ascot.
1339. Sir Thomas Rotherham, Knt. of Luton.
1540. Sir Ralph Verney, Knt. of Middle Claydon
1341. Sir John Gostwick, Knt. of Chilton.
] 342. Thomas Giffard, Esq. of Twyford.
1543. Sir Michael Fysher, Knt. of Clifton.
1544. Lewis Dyve, Esq.
1545. Sir Robert Drury, Knt. of Hedgerley.
1546. Sir Francis Russell, K.B. of Chenies.
EDWARD VI.
1547. Francis Pygot, Esq. of Stratton.
GENERAL HISTORY.
1548. Sir John St. John, Knt. of Bletsoe.
1549. Sir Thomas Rotherham, Knt. of Luton,
1550. Oliver St. John, Esq. of Bletsoe.
1551. Thomas Pygot, Esq. of Doddershall.
1552. Sir William Dormer, K.B. of Wing.
MARY.
1553. Arthur Longueville, Esq. of Wolverton.
1554. Sir Robert Drury, Knt. of Hedgerley.
1555. Sir Robert Peckham, Knt. of Biddlesden.
1556. Thomas Pygot, Esq. of Doddershall.
1557. Sir Humphry Ratcliff, Knt.
ELIZABETH.
1558. William Hawtrey, Esq. of Chequers.
1559. Thomas Tyringham, Esq. of Tyringham.
1560. Sir Robert Drury, Knt. of Hedgerley.
1561. John Goodwyn, Esq. of Winchendon.
1562. Paul Dayrell, Esq. of Lillingstone Dayrell.
156-3. Thomas Fleetwode, Esq. of the Vache.
1564. Sir Henry Cheney, Knt. of Toddington, Co. Beds.
1565. John Cheney, Esq. of Chesham Bois.
1566. John Borlace, Esq. of Bockmere, in Marlow.
1567. Sir William Dormer, K.B. of Wing Park.
1568. Sir Edmund Ashfield, Knt. of Tottenhoe.
1569. Sir Lewis Mordaunt, Knt. of Clifton Reynes.
1570. Thomas Pygot, Esq. of Doddershall.
1571. Lewis Dyve, Esq.
1572. Sir George Peckham, Knt. of Biddlesden.
1573. Ralph Astey, Esq.
1574. Sir John Croke, Knt. of Chilton.
1575. Griffith Hampden, Esq. of Great Hampden.
1576. Michael Blount, Esq. of Maple Durham, Co. Oxon.
1577. Robert Drury, Esq. of Hedgerley.
1578. Richard Cranford, Esq.
1579. Paul Dayrell, Esq. of Lillingstone Dayrell.
1580. Thomas Tasburgh, Esq. of Hawridge.
1581. Edmund Verney, Esq. of Middle Claydon.
1582. William Hawtrey, Esq. of Ellesborough.
1583. Robert Dormer, Esq of Wing Park.
1584. Edward Bulstrode, Esq. of Hedgerley Bulstrode.
1585. John Temple, Esq. of Stowe.
1586. John Goodwyn, Esq. of Upper Winchendon.
1587. John Borlace, Esq. of Bockmere.
1588. Francis Cheney, Esq. of Chesham.
1589. George Fleetwood, Esq. of the Vache.
1590. Alexander Hampden, Esq. of Hartwell.
1591. Henry Longueville, Esq. of Wolverton.
1592. Thomas Pygot, Esq. of Doddershall.
1 593. Michael Harcourt, Esq. of Leckhampstead.
1594. Edward Tyrrell, Esq. of Thornton.
1595. Anthony Tyringham, Esq. of Tyringham.
1596. John Dormer, Esq. of Dorton.
1597. William Gerrard, Esq. of Dorton Court.
1598. Sir William Gierke, Knt. of Shabbington.
1599. Thomas Denton, Esq. of Hillesden.
1600. William Borlace, Esq. of Medmenham.
1601. Anthony Chester, Esq. of Chicheley.
1602. Sir Francis Cheney, Knt. of Chenies.
JAMES I.
1603. Sir William Willoughby, Knt. of Marlow.
1604. Sir Richard Ingoldsby, Knt. of Lenborough.
1605. Sir Henry Longueville, Knt. of Wolverton.
1606. Sir William Andrewes, Knt. of Lathbury.
1607. Sir Francis Fortescue, K.B. of Salden.
1608. Anthony Green way, Esq. of Leckhampstead.
1609. Sir Robert Lovet, Knt. of Liscombe.
1610. Sir Jerom Horsey, Knt. of Great Kimbell.
1611. Sir Edward Tyrrell, Knt. of Thornton.
1612. Simon Mayne, Esq. of Dinton.
1613. Brian Janson, Esq. of Beaconsfield.
1614. Sir Edmund Wheler, Knt, of Datchet.
1615. Sir Thomas Temple, Knt. & Bart, of Stowe.
1616. Sir John Laurence, Knt. of Iver.
1617. Francis Duncombe, Esq. of Broughton.
1618. Benedict Winchcombe, Esq. of Ashendon.
1619. Sir Henry Lee, Knt. & Bart, of Quarendon.
1620. Sir John Dynham, Knt. of Boarstall.
1621. Sir William Fleetwood, Knt. of Missenden Abbey.
1622. Sir Francis Goodwyn, Knt. of Winchendon.
1623. Edward Penn, Esq. of Stoke Poges.
1624. Sir Edward Coke, Knt. of Stoke Poges.
CHARLES I.
1625. Sir Gilbert Gerrard, Bart, of Aston Clinton.
1626. Thomas Dayrell, Esq.
1627. Francis Cateshy, Esq. of Hardmead.
1628. Thomas Lee, Esq. of Hartwell.
1629. Sir William Andrewes, Knt. of Lathbury.
1630. Sir Thomas Hynde, Bart, of Hedsor.
1631. Sir William Smijth, Knt. of Ankerwycke.
1632. James Duppa, Esq.
1633. Robert Dormer, Esq. of Lee Grange.
1634. Sir Francis Cheney, Knt. of Chenies.
1635. Peter Temple, Esq. of Stowe.
1636. Heneage Proby, Esq. of Raans, in Amersham.
1637-8. Sir Anthony Chester, Bart, of Chicheley.
1639-40. Thomas Archdale, Esq. of High Wycombe.
1641. Richard Greenville, Esq. of Wootton Underwood.
1642. Sir John Tyringham, Knt. of Tyringham.
1643. [Not known.]
d
GENERAL HISTORY,
1644. Henry Beke, Esq. of Haddenham.
1645. [Not known.]
1646. William Bowyer, Esq. of Denham Court.
1647. Richard Derringer, Esq. of Iver.
1648. John Clarke, Esq. of Hitcham
INTERREGNUM.
1649. Sir James Saunders, Knt. of Brill.
1650. Richard Atkins, Esq. of Newport Paguell.
1651. Simon Bennet, Esq. of Beachampton.
1652. Robert Dormer, Esq. of Lee Grange.
165-3. John Laurence, Esq. of Brad well Abbey.
1654. Thomas Hampson, Esq. of Taplow.
1655. Roger Price, Esq. of Westbury.
1656. George Tash, Esq. of Iver.
1657. WUiam Penn, Esq. of Penn.
1658. Thomas Coppin, Esq. of Emberton.
1659. Henry Chester, Esq. of Chicheley.
1660. Thomas Catesby, Esq. of Hardmead.
1661. William Abell, Esq. of East Claydon.
166-2. Sir Francis Cheney, Knt. of Chenies.
1663. John Corrance, Esq. of Haversham.
1664. Sir Robert Gayer, K.B. of Stoke Poges.
1 665. Robert Lovet, Esq. of Liscombe.
1666. Francis Buncombe, Esq. of Broughton.
1667. Simon Benuet, Esq. of Beachampton.
1668. Thomas Risley, Esq. of Chetwode.
1669. Nicholas le Grice, Esq. of Iver.
1670. Sir Joseph Alston, Bart, of Bradwell Abbey.
1671. Anthony Chester, Esq. of Chicheley.
1672. John Thompson, Esq. of Haversham.
1673. Richard Greenville, Esq. of Wooton.
1674. Sir Roger Hill, Knt. of Denham.
1675. Thomas Lewis, Esq. of Boarstall.
1676. Sir Henry Palmer, Bart, of Dorney Court.
1677. Sir Compton Read, Bart, of Shipton, Co. Oxon.
1678. Thomas Egerley, Esq. of Water Stratford.
1679. Francis Knollys, Esq. of Lower Winchendon.
1680. Sir Dennis Hampson, Bart, of Taplow.
1681. Thomas Hacket, Esq. of North Crawley.
1682. John Cullen, Esq. of Wavendon.
1683. Sir Dennis Hampson, Bart, of Taplow.
1684. Robert Hart, Esq. of Brill.
JAMES 11.
1685. Edward Leigh, Esq. of Iver.
1686. Nicholas Salter, Esq. of Iver.
1687. Sir Edward Longueville, Bart.
1688. William Fleetwood, Esq. of Missenden.
WILLIAM & MARY.
1689. Edmund Waller, Esq. of Gregories.
1 690. Harry Tyrrill, Esq. of Thornton.
1691. Henry Neale, Esq. of Hulcote.
1692. Edmund Duffield, Esq. of Medmenham.
169.3. Johnshall Crosse, Esq. of Bledlow.
1694. Hugh Horton, Esq. of Grove, in Ellesborough.
1695. John Leigh, Esq. of Iver.
1696. Richard Akin, Esq. of Hambleden.
1697. John Rogers, Esq. of Lenborough.
1698. John Sparke, Esq. of Chipping Wycombe.
1699. Richard Whitchurch, Esq. of Chalfont St. Peter's.
1700. Robert Wedon, Esq. of Fawley,
1701. Sir Henry Palmer, Bart, of Dorney Court,
1702. Sir Joseph Alston, Bart, of Bradwell Abbey.
1 703. Henry Gould, Esq. of Noke.
1704. Henry Andrewes, Esq. of Lathbury,
1705. Edward Hervey, Esq. of Chilton.
1706. Roger Penn, Esq. of Stoke Poges.
1707. Timothy Wingfield, Esq. of Agmondesham.
1708. John Ferryman, Esq. of Farnham Royal.
1709. John Fletewood, Esq. of Missenden.
1710. Robert Grange, Esq. of Little Horwood.
1711. Richard Seare, Esq. of Great Missenden.
1712. Hatton Tash, Esq. of Iver.
1713. John Davenport, Esq. of Datchet.
1714. John Hillersden, Esq. of Stoke Hammond.
1715. John Leapidge, Esq, of Emberton,
1716. William Mead, Esq. of Aylesbury.
1717. John Throckmorton, Esq. of Warrington, in Olney.
1718. Edward Sparke, Esq. of Wycombe.
1719. William Proby, Esq. of Amersham,
1720. Thomas Ingoldsby, Esq. of Waldridge, in Dinton.
1721. Daniel Baker, Esq. of Penn.
1722. John Fuller, Esq. of Bradwell Abbey,
1723. Martin Basil, Esq. of Beaconsfield.
1724. Richard Smith, Esq. of Padbury.
1725. Thomas Uthwatt, Esq. of Great Linford.
1726. Robert Sydenham, Esq. of Hughendon.
GEORGE II.
1727. Francis Tyringham, Esq. of Lower Winchendon.
1728. John Lydgold, Esq. of Burnham.
] 729, George Franklin, Esq. of Haddenham.
1730. Bernard Tourney, Esq. of Cublington.
1731. Benjamin Woodnoth, Esq. of Thornborough,
GENERAL HISTORY.
1732. Thomas Saunders, Esq. of Brill.
1733. Benjamin Burroughs, Esq. of Long Crendon.
1734. John Ware, Esq. of Chesham.
1 735. John Pollard, Esq. of Leckhampstead.
1736. James Herbert, Esq. of Kingsey.
17-37. Richard Lowndes, Esq. of Winslovv.
1738. John Pigott, Esq. of Doddershall.
1739. Thomas James Selby, Esq. of Wavendon.
1740. William Perry, Esq. of Turville.
1741. Richard Eskrigge, Esq. of Fulmer.
1742. Charles Price, Esq. of Aston Sandford.
174.3. Risley Risley, Esq. of Chetwood.
1744. Giles Burroughs, Esq. of Long Crendon.
1745. George Pearce, Esq. of Mentmore.
1746. Thomas Kensey, Esq. of Chilton.
1747. Thomas Turney, Esq. of Southcote.
1748. Henry Purefoy, Esq. of Shalston.
1749. Thomas Leigh, Esq. of Iver.
1750. Alexander Towusend, Esq. of Thornborough.
1751. Henry Lovibond, Esq. of Oving.
1752. John Bristow, Esq. of Ellesborough.
1753. Charles Woodnoth, Esq. of Maid's Morton.
1754. John Wilkes, Esq. of Aylesbury.
1755 Henry Uthwatt, Esq. of Great Linford.
1756. Thomas Worster, Esq. of Cheddington.
1757. Richard Lane, Esq. of Medmenham.
1758. John Ansell, Esq. of Great Missenden.
1759. John Osborne, Esq. of Turville.
] 760. Thomas Saunders, Esq. of Brill.
1761. Sir John Vanhattem, Knt. of Dinton Hall.
1762. James Harding, Esq. of Amersham.
1763. Joseph Buckett, Esq. of St. Leonard's.
1764. William Lloyd, Esq. of Beaconsfield.
1765. William Backwell, Esq. of Tyringham.
1766. George Richard Carter, Esq. of Chilton.
1767. Matthew Knapp, Esq. of Shenley.
1768. Wm. Creswell Wentworth, Esq. of Leckhampstead.
1769. George Wrighte, Esq. of Gayhurst.
1770. Edmund Basil), Esq. of Beaconsfield.
1771. Thomas Dayrell, Esq. of Fingest.
1772. Sir William Lee, Bart, of Hartwell House.
1773. Richard Redding, Esq. of Hard wick.
1774. Henry Thomas Gott, Esq. of Newlands.
1775. John Norris, Esq. of Hughendon.
1776. Robert Campbell, Esq. of Fulmer.
1777. Benjamin Way, Esq. of Denham.
1778. George Shergold, Esq. of Iver.
1779. John Carter Pollard, Esq. of Leckhampstead.
1780. Isaac Eeles, Esq. of Amersham.
1781. Joseph Bullock, Esq. of Caversfield.
1782. Sir Jonathan Lovett, Bart, of Liscombe, in the place
of Joseph Jacques, Esq. of Tickford Abbey, dec.
1783. David de Visme, Esq. of Great Missenden Park.
1784. Richard Scrimshire, Esq. of Amersham.
1785. Thomas Saunders, Esq. of Brill.
1786. Thomas Wilkinson, Esq. of Little Marlow.
1787. Richard Dayrell, Esq. of Lillingstone Dayrell.
1788. Stephen Langston, Esq. of Little Horwood.
1789. Richard Davenport, Esq. of Great Marlow.
] 790. John Hicks, Esq. of Bradenham.
1791. Sir Robert Bateson Harvey, Bart, of Langley Park.
1792. William Pigott, Esq. of Doddershall.
1793. Francis Peter Mallett, Esq. of Chalfont St. Peter's.
1794. Charles Clowes, Esq. of Iver.
1795. Lovell Benjamin Badcock, Esq. of Little Missenden.
1796. Thomas Hibbert, Esq. of Chalfont Lodge.
1797. John SuUivan, Esq. of Richings Park.
] 798. John Penn, Esq. of Stoke Park.
1799. George Morgan, Esq. of Biddlesden Park.
1800. Mansel Dawkin Mansel, Esq. of Lathbury.
1801. Edward Bury, Esq. of Iver.
1802. James Oldham Oldham, Esq. of Great Missenden.
1803. Joseph Francklin, Esq. of Haddenham.
1804. James Neild, Esq. of Stoke Goldington.
1805. Edward Nugent, Esq. of Lillies, in Weedon.
1806. Philip Hoddle Ward, Esq. of Tickford Abbey.-
1807. James Backwell Praed, Esq. of Tyringham.
1808. Richard Dayrell, Esq, of Lillingstone Dayrell.
1809. Thomas Stanhope Badcock, Esq. of Buckingham.
1810. John Ayton, Esq. of Great Missenden Abbey.
1811. Wm. Bernard Morland, Esq. of Nether Winchendon
1812. Christopher Salter, Esq. of Stoke Poges.
181.3. Thomas Cotton Sheppard, Esq. of Thornton Hall.
1814. Sir William Clayton, Bart, of Harleyford.
1815. Thomas Digby Aubrey, Esq. of Oving House.
1816. Thomas T. Bernard, Esq. of Nether Winchendon.
1817. George Carrington, Esq. of Missenden Abbey.
1818. George Hassell, Esq. of Choulsbury.
J 819. John Grubb, Esq. of Horsendon.
1820. Charles Shard, Esq. of Hedgerley Park.
1821. C. Robt. Scott Murray, Esq. of Hambleden House.
1822. Benjamin Way, Esq. of Denham.
1823. William Selby Lowndes, Esq. of Whaddon Hall.
1824. Philip Duncombe Pauncefort Duncombe, Esq. of
Great Brickhill.
1825. James Dupre, Esq. of Wilton Park.
1826. George Morgan, Esq. of Biddlesden Park.
1827. Thomas Saunders, Esq. of Swanbourne.
GENERAL HISTORY.
1 828. Robert Harvey, Esq. of Langley Park.
1829. Henry William Mason, Esq. of Amersham.
WILLIAM IV.
1830. William Richard Howard Howard Vyse, Esq. of
Stoke Poges.
18!31. Henry Andrewes Uthwatt, Esq. of Great Linford.
1832. Charles Spencer Ricketts, Esq. of Dorton House.
1833. Charles Clowes, Esq. of Delaford Park, Iver.
1834. George Simon Harcourt, Esq. of Ankerwyke House.
1835. Sir Gore Ouseley, Bart, of Hall Barn Park.
1836. Thomas Tyrwhit Drake, Esq. of Shardeloes.
VICTORIA.
1837. John N. Hibbert, Esq. of Chalfont St. Peter's.
1838. Rice Richard Clayton, Esq. of Hedgerley Park.
1839. Benjamin Way, Esq. of Denham.
1840. J. P. Deering, Esq, of The Lee.
1841. Thomas Newland Allen, Esq. of the Vache, in
Chalfont St. Giles.
1842. John Palmer, Esq. of Dorney Court.
1 843. James Trevor Senior, Esq. of Bierton.
1 844. John Barnes, Esq. of Chorley Wood.
1845. Edmund Francis Dayrell, Esq. of Lillingstone
Dayrell.
KNIGHTS OF THE SHIRE.
EDWARD I.
1290 William de Turville ; John de Pateshulle '
1295 Laurence de Bluntesdene; Roger de Tiringham
1297 Aniery de Nowers ; Robert Barry =
1298 John de Chetewood ; Laurence de Bluntesdene^
1300 Hugh de Chastillon; Robert Pogeys, who, retir-
ing, was replaced by Gerard de Braybroke^
1300 Hugh de Chastillon ; Gerard de Braybroke ^
1302 John de Chetewood; Wiliiani de Santresdon ''
1305 Roger de Tyringham ; JohnNeyrunt'
130(3 VVilliani Beauchamp t John Giffard
1307 Ralph de Wedon ; Miles de Beauchanip"
EDWARD II.
1309 Gerard de Braybrooke; John Giffiu-d^
1311 Ralph de Wedon; Robert Malet >»
1312 Robert Malet ; Ralph de Bellofago
1312 Robert Malet; Ralph de Wedoir^
1313 Robert Barrv
1313 Robert Malet ; Robert de Totbale
1313 Masculin de Chastillon; John de Adiiigrave
1314 Robert Malet; Miles de Beauchanip
1315 Robert Malet; John Blakct
1315 John Giffard ; Nicholas de Turville i-
1316 John Giffard de Boef; Nicholas de Turville '■
1317 Nicholas de Turville ; John de Olney '^
1319 John de la Penne ; John de la Haye '^
1322 Ralph de Wedone ,• Robert Malet'
1323 Robert Malet; Alan de Leauines ^'^
1324 Philip de Aylesbury; Robert Malet"
1325 Thomas de Sakevill ; James FreyseP«
1326 Andrew de St. Liz; Robert Malet ''
1327 Andrew de St. Liz ; John do la Penne
EDWARD III.
1327 JohnBlaket; Masculin de Chastillon -'J
1328 Roger de Tourney; John Blaket-i
1329 John de Mareschal ; James Freysel -
' Parliament at Westminster. « At London. ^ At York. * At Westminster.
5 At Lincoln. The frequent occurrence of several Parliaments in the course of the same year, may be ascribed to tlie
fact, that the Sovereign only summoned his Parliament in case of emergency, and for some specific purpose. Hence the
oldest Parliaments were the shortest. King Edward II. summoned three or four Parliaments in a year. The session
then lasted a week or a fortnight, and some times a month. The most protracted then known was in 1377 (50 Edw. III.),
which continued ten weeks and four days. Down to the Hanoverian succession, the customary period for meeting
appears to have been in October or November, and the prorogation in April. A few weeks before Christmas, and two or
three months after, formed the average duration. King Wiliiani III. talked of its getting late at the beginning of April ;
for, in the mind and heart of that warlike King, the senator must have been a very inferior personage to the soldier, and
the meeting of Parliament of much less importance than the breaking up of winter quarters. The period of departure
under George III. became prolonged to the close of spring, and now, at length, of summer. In the dog-days, members
begin to be resolute to pair, that they may not incur the penalty of lingering in town till the middle of August.
6 At London. 7 At Westminster. « At Carlisle. 9 At Westminster. >o At London.
»' At Westminster. '^ At York. '^ At Lincoln. ^* Council at Lincoln.
'5 Pari, at Westminster. '6 At York. n At Westminster. '« At London.
19 At Westminster. ™ At Lincoln. -^ At York. " At New Sarum.
GENERAL HISTORY.
1329 Andrew de St. Liz; John de la Haye ^
1329 Andrew de St. Liz; Masculin de Cliastillon =
1329 Roger de Tyiingham ; John Blal<et ^
1330 Jolin de Maresclial ; James Freysel *
1331 Masculin de Chastillon ; James Freysel ^
133 1 Ralpli de VVedon; John Fitz-Ralph deMareschal «
1332 John de Cifrewast ; Richard de Chastillon?
1333 Masculin de Chastillon; John de Adingrave
1333 John de Stretle ; Masculin de Chastillon
1334 Thomas Blaket; Robert Malet^
1335 John de Stretle ; Thomas Blaket 9
1335 Robert Malet ; Thomas Blaket i»
1336 John de Hamstede ; Gerard de Braybroke
1337 Thomas de la Haye; William de Berkhamstede"
1338 Philip de Aylesbury; Walter Poule i-
1339 John Bryan ; Ricliard le Warde ^^
1339 John Blaket; John de Chetyngtoni*
1340 Philip de Aylesbury; Thomas de Reynes
1340 Philip de Aylesbury ; Richard Passelewe
1341 Roger de Tyringham; Philip de Aylesbury
1341 Robert Malet ; Alan de Leaumes
1341 Gerard de Braybroke ; Richard de la Vache
1341 Philip de Aylesbury ; John Giffard
1342 John de Chastillon ; Ricliard de Chastillon
1344 Philip de Aylesbury; Robert Malet
1344 Thomas de Revues; John de Chastillon
1345 Gerard de Braybroke
1347 Thomas de Reynes ; Alexander de Sanderton
1348 Henry de Chalfhunte ; John de Veinour
1349 Henry Fermband ; Henry de Chalfhunte
1349 Henry de Chalfhunte ; John le Veinour
1352 Gerard de Braybroke ; Hugh de Kymbell
1353 Gerard de Braybroke ; John de Hampden
1353 Geffrey de Lucy '^
1354 Geffrey de Lucy
1 355 Geffrey de Lucy ; Roger de Puttenham "^
1356 Geffrey de Lucy ; John Hunt
1356 Geffrey de Lucy ; John de Chastillon
1358 Roger de Puttenham ; John de Hagmondesham
1358 John Giffard ; Gerard de Braybroke
1359 John Giffard le Boef ; Gerard de Braybroke
1361 Geffrey de Lucy ; John Hunt
1361 Geffrey de Lucy; John Hunt
1362 Robert Barry; Nicholas Trimeuel
1363 Roger de Puttenham ; Thomas de Arderne
1364 John de Hampden
1366 Roger de Puctenham ; Thomas de Missynden
1367 Roger de Puttenham; John de Arderne
1369 Roger de Puttenham ; John de Arderne
1370 Fulk de Bermyngehani; Roger de Puttenham
1370 Fulk de Bermyngehani ; Thomas de Reynes
1372 Fulk de Bermyngehani "
1373 Geffrey de Lucy ; John de Arderne ^^
1374 John de Cheyne; Roger de Puttenham
1377 Sir Edmund atte Pole; Sir John de Aylesbury
1378 John de Bermyngehani ; Thomas de Reynes
RICHARD n.
1378 Sir John de Aylesbury; Sir Thomas Sakevill
1379 Sir William de Molins ; Sir Thomas Sakevill "J
1379 Sir John de Aylesbury ; Sir Thomas Sakevill -^
1380 Sir John de Bermyngehani ; Robert de Luton
1381 Sir John de Aylesbury ; Sir Thomas Sakevill -'
1382 Sir John de Aylesbury ; John de Cheyne '--
1382 John de Braybroke ; John Marche
1382 Sir Thomas Sakevill; John Tyringham
1383 Sir Thomas Sakevill ; John Broughton
1383 Sir Edmund atte Pole ; Sir Thomas Sakevill
1384 Sir Thomas Sakevill ; Sir John Neyrunt
1384 Sir Thomas Sakevill ; Alan de Ayett -'
1385 Sir Thomas Sakevill ; Robert Dykeswell «
1385 Sir Thomas Sakevill; Thomas Coveley
1386 Sir Thomas Sakevill; John Frome
1387 Sir Thomas Sakevill ; Sir John Chetwode
1388 Philip de la Vache ; Robert de Luton
1389 Sir Thomas Sakevill ; Roger de Dayrell «
1390 Sir John de Aylesbury; Sir Robert de Luton"
1391 Edward Durdant ; Roger de Dayrell
1392 Sir Thomas de Aylesbury; John Broughton
1393 Sir Edmund Missenden ; Alan de Ayett -^
1394 Sir Thomas Sakevill ; Roger Dayrell ^s
1395 Sir John Chetwode ; Edward Durdant
1397 Thomas Shelle ; John Barton
1398 Sir Thomas de Aylesbury; Thomas Slielle
HENRY IV.
1399 Edmund Hampden; Roger de Dayrell
1400 John Barton, sen. ; Thomas Durdant
' Pari, at York. = At Northampton. ^ At York. * At New Sarum. ^ At Westminster.
6 At Winchester. 1 At Westminster. s At York. 9 At Westminster. >» At York
11 Counc. at Nottingham. 1- Pari, at Westminster. '^ Counc. at Northampton.
>5 Counc. at Westminster. 16 Pari, at Westminster. i? Counc. at Winchester.
19 At Gloucester. ^ At Westminster. "i At Northampton, - At Westminster.
" At Westminster. =5 At Cambridge. =6 At Westminster. s? At Winchester,
Pari, at Westminster.
Pari, at Westminster.
w At New Sarum.
28 At Westminster.
GENERAL HISTORY.
1401 Sir Ricliard D' Arches; Edmund Hampden
1402 Sir RicliardD'Arches; Edmund Hamjulen
1403 John Barton, sen. ; Edmund Brudenell
1404 Roger Cheyne ; Robert James '
1406 Eduard Brudenell ; John Giffard =
140/ Richard Wyat; John Burton, sen. s
HENIIY V.
1413 JohnCheyne; JohnGiftard'*
1413 John Barton, jun. ; Robert James
1414 John Barton, jun.; Richard Wyat «
1415 Richard Wyat ; John Cheney"
1417 John Barton; John Giftard
1420 John Hampden; William Whaplode
1421 Sir John Cheyne; Richard Wyat
1421 Robert James; George Longueville
HENRY VI.
1423 John Barton; Robert James
1425 Sir John Cheney ; John Cheney
1426 Sir John Cheney; Richard Wyat'
1428 John Cheney; John Hampden"
1430 John Cheney; Sir Walter Strykland
1431 John Hampden (of Hampden); Andrew Sperling
1434 Thomas Sackville; William Whaplode
1435 Sir John Cheney; John Sjierling
143/ Thomas Rokes ; John Ham])dcn (of Kimbell)^
1442 Robert Manfeld; Robert Olney '"
1447 Thomas Daniel ; Thomas Tresham
1449 Thomas Daniel; John Heton
1450 Sir William Lucy; Robert Olney
1451 John Heton; Thomas Singleton
1453 Robert Manfeld; Robert Whittingham "
EDWARD IV.
1467 Sir John Botiller; Richard Fowler, Esq. '-
1 473 Richard Bulstrode, Esq. ; Thomas Rokes, Esq.
I47H 'Ihomas Fowler, Esq.; Thomas Grey, Esq. ^^
HENRY VIII.
1542 Sir Francis Br) an ; Sir Anthony Lee '^
EDWARD VI.
1547 !^ir Francis Russell
1552 Sir Edmund Verntv; Sir William Dormer
1553 Sir Edmund Peckhara ; Sir Robert Drury
1554 Sir Robert Peckham ; Sir George Giffard i*
PHltIP AND MARY.
1555 Sir Edmund Peckham; Thomas Denton, Esq. i''
1556 Sir Edmund Verney ; Francis Verney, Esq.
1557 Sir William Dormer ; Sir Henry Lee
ELIZABETH.
1558 Sir Henry Lee
1563 Thomas Fleetwood, Esq.; William Hawtrey, Esq.
1571 Sir Henry Lee; Sir William Dormer
1572 Sir Henry Lee; Sir John Croke
1585 Miles Sandes, Esq.; Griffith Hampden, Esq.
1586 Francis Goodwin, Esq.; John Borlace, Esq.
1589 Sir John Fortescue; Thomas Tasburgh, Esq.
1590 Sir John Fortescue;'" Sir Robert Dormer
1598 Sir John Fortescue ; Sir Francis Goodwin
1600 Francis Fortescue, Esq.; Alex. Hampden, Esq.
JA.MES I.
1603 William Fleetwood, Esq. ; Francis Goodwin,
Esq.; Christopher Pigott, L!sq. ; Anthony
Tyringham, Esq. '^
1615 Sir Francis Goodwin ; William Fleetwood, Es(|.
1621 Sir Francis Goodwin ; Sir William Fleetwood
1624 Sir William Fleetwood; Sir Thomas Denton
CHARLES I,
1625 Sir Francis Goodwin ; Henry Bulstrode, Esq.
1626 Sir Francis Goodwin; Sir Thomas Denton
1627 Sir Edward Coke; Sir William Fleetwood
1640 John Hampden, Esq.; Arthur Goodwin, Esq.
1641 John Hampden, Esq. ; Arthur Goodwin, Esq.
who both died; and in their places,
George Fleetwood, Esq. ; Edmund West, Esq.
INTERREGNUM.
1658 Richard Greenville
CHARLES 11.
1660 William Bowyer, Esq.; Thomas Terrill, Ser-
jeant-at-Law
1 Parliament at Coventry. - At Westminster. ' At Gloucester.
s At Leicester. ^ At Westminster ? At Leicester.
9 At Cambridge. '" At Westminster. " At Reading.
i» The writs, returns, and indentures, from 17 Edw. IV. to 33 Hen. VJII. are all lost.
* At Westminster.
At Westminster.
^■- At Westminster.
'* Pari, at Westminster.
15 At Oxford. ''■ At Westminster. '^ A Privy Councillor.
18 Goodwin not being duly elected, Pigott succeeded him, but was expelled the House, and Tyringham was his successor.
GENERAL HISTORY.
1661 SirWm. Bowyer, Bart.; SirWilliam Tyringham
1679 Thus. Wharton, Esq. ; Richard Hampden, Esq.
1680 Thos. Wharton, Esq. ; Richard Hampden, Esq.'
JAMES II.
1685 John Lord Brackley ; Thomas Wharton, Esq.
WILLIAM AND MARY.
1689 Hon. Thomas Wharton; Sir Thomas Lee, Bart.
1690 Hon. Thos. Wharton ; Richard Hampden, Esq.
WILLIAM III.
1695 Hon. Thos. Wharton; Sir Richard Atkins, Bart.;
— the former being called to the House of
Lords, the Hon. William Cheyne was elected
in his place; and Sir Richard Atkins dying,
H. Noel, Esq. succeeded him.
1698 Hon.GoodwinWharton; Hon.Wm. Lord Cheyne
1700 Hon.GoodwinWliarton; Hon.Wm. Lord Cheyne
1701 Hon.GoodwinWharton; Robert Dormer, Esq.
ANNE.
1702 Hon. Win. Lord Cheyne; Hon. Goodwin Whar-
ton ; — and at the decease of the latter. Sir
Richard Temple, Bart.
1705 Sir Richard Temple, Bart.; Robert Dormer,
Esq. ; — and on his being made a Judge, the
Hon. William Egerton
I7O8 Sir Edmund Denton, Bart.; Ric. Hampden, Esq.
1710 Lord Visct. Fermanagh; Sir Edm. Denton, Bart.
1713 Lord Visct. Fermanagh ; John Fleetwood, Esq.
GEORGE I.
1714 John Fleetwood, Esq.; Richard Hampden, Esq.
1721 Montagu Gerard Drake, Esq.; SirTho. Lee, Bart.
1768
1775
1780
1784
1790
1796
1802
1806
1807
1812
1818
Ralph Earl Verney ; Richard Lowndes, Esq.
Ralph Earl Verney ; George Grenville, Esq.
Ralph Earl Verney; Thomas Grenville, Esq.
Hon. William Wyndham Grenville; John Au-
brey, Esq. (afterwards created a Baronet.) "
Hon. W. W. Grenville; Ralph Earl Verney;
— the former being called to the House of
Peers, the Hon. James Grenville was chosen
in his place ; and Earl Verney dying in 1791,
the Marquess of Titchfield succeeded him.
Hon. James Grenville ; Marquess of Titchfield :
—the former retiring in 1797, was succeeded
by Richard Earl Temple
Marquess of Titchfield; Earl Temple
Marquess of Titchfield ; Earl Temple
Marquess of Titchfield ; Earl Temple : — but the
latter succeeding his father as a Peer, the
Hon. Thomas Grenville was elected in his
stead.
Earl Temple ; William Selby Lowndes, Esq.
Earl Temple ; William Selby Lowndes, Esq.
GEORGE IV.
1820 Earl Temple (afterwards Marquess of Chaudos) ;
Hon. Robert John Smith
1826 Marquess of Chandos; Hon. Robert John Smith
WILLIAM IV.
1830 Marquess of Chandos ; Hon; Robert John Smith
1831 Marquess of Chandos ; Hon. Robert John Smith
1832 Marquess of Chandos; Hon. Robert John Smith ;
George H. Dashwood, Esq.
1835 Marquess of Chandos; Sir William Lawrence
Young, Bart. ; James Backwell Praed, Esq.
GEORGE II.
1727 Hon. Sir William Stanhope, K.B. ; Richard
Hampden, Esq. ; — and on his decease (1728)
Sir Thomas Lee, Bart.
1734 Sir Wm. Stanhope, K.B. ; Sir Thos. Lee, Bart.
1741 Richard Grenville, Esq, ; Richard Lowndes, Esq.
1747 Sir Wm. Stanhope, K.B.; Richard Lowndes, Esq.
1754 SirWm. Stanhope, K.B. ; Richard Lowndes, Esq.
GEORGE III.
I76I Sir Wm. Stanhope, K.B. ; Richard Lowndes, Esq.
VICTORIA.
1837 Marquess of Chandos ; George Simon Harcourt,
Esq. ; Sir William Lawrence Young, Bart. :
— the former being called to the House of
Lords, in 1839, Caledon George Dupre, Esq.
succeeded him.
1841 Caledon George Dupre, Esq. ; Charles Robert
Scott Murray, Esq. ; Hon. Capt. William
Ed. F"itzmaurice
1845 Christopher Tower, Esq. in the place of Charles
Robert Scott Murray, Esq. resigned.
' This Parliament sate at Oxford; but subsequently the Parliaments were invariably held at Westminster.
' This Election was severely contested, the number of freeholders who voted being 3548, viz. : For Grenville, 2261 votes;
Aubrey, 1740 ; Verney, 1716. Earl Verney, and other freeholders, afterwards petitioned the House of Commons, against
the return of John Aubrey, Esq. but, after an investigation of six days, the Committee declared Aubrey duly elected.
GENERAL HISTORY.
NAMES OF THOSE FAMILIES
WHOSE PEDIGREES ARE RECORDED IN THE VISITATIONS OF BUCKS, MADE IN THE YEARS
1575 AND 1634,
From the Harl. MSS. Brit. Museum, No. 1533.
Apreece, or Ap Bees, of North Crawley
Chadborne
Ingoldeshe of Lethenborougli and
Ardes of Hardmead and Sherrington
Cotton of Pitleston
BurUngham
Anne.sley of Newport Aiinesley and
Chausey of Northampton
Iwardbye
Rodington
Dormer of Missendeu & Shiptou Lee
KjTigestone of Wendover
Andrewes of Lathhury
Delamer
Kj-pping of Maiden
Alden of Rickmonsworth and Newton
Dynibam of Borestall
Knight of Hanslop
Lougv-Ule
Dlincombe of Moreton, Aylesbury,
King of Iver
AsUam of Chesham
BrickbiU, Whitchurch, &c.
Kemp of Wycombe
Atkinson of Wohouru Daiu Court
Dickons of Bedfordshire
Kyderminster of Langley
Alh-n of Will,.,.
Duffleld of Meibnenham
Knightley of Fawley
H.Tr r "i M„l„„„r
DayreU of Lillingston Darell
Knyffe of HoldweU
I!ni 1 . ' i ' Miindeville
Darrel of Fulmere
Leehingham of Wendover
l!l:i.l ' 1 ' '- ml Beaconsfield
Draper of Great Marlow
Lovett of Lyscomhe
\hi ■ ... 1 , . . ! . .■
Duckett of Aylesbuiy and Wickham
Lynford
I?.,l..i ... ~
Drury of Chalf honte St. Giles, Hor-
Long^ille of Little BelUng and Wol-
tou, and Hegley
verton
Br\..i.i.'.. ,1 ..! ' ,. 1 !rv
Denton of Caversfield and Hillsden
Lydcott of Ruscombe and Twyford
BulL-r ..i ll,u.h,i...,l
Delabeache
Lee of Moreton, Hai-twell & Claydon
Bullotk of Thoruboro' and Stratfield
Doyley of Tm-vUle
Lee of Lee, Co. Cest. ; Quan-eudon,
Mortimer
Dillon of Derby
Hulcot, Stantonbury, Beaconsfleld
Butler of Chipping Wycomhe
Dygby
Lowe of Sherington, Clifton, Olney,
Bacon of Weston Timille
Eyre of Burnliam
and Wavendon
Barton of Bai-tou Hiu-tshorue
Easte of Rading
Langston of Caversfield
Burley of Berks
Edmonds of Winslow
Lane, Recorder of Wycombe
Bethom of Creudon
Egerton, Rector of Adstock
Lane of Ashendon
Belson of Brill
Eglestone of Wootton Underwood
Lentou, or Leuton, of Northamp-
Beauchamp of Hicham
Evans
tonshire
Bellamy of Sudley
Fowler of Luggershall and Stoke-
Lawrence of Iver
Bois
himion
Lake of Buckland
Bowver of Denham
Fitzhugh of Wavendon
Lambert
BoulMiol of Upton
Fortescue of Salden
Long of Penu
Fyg of Winslow
More of Boniton in Burlinghani
Biuhifv.. .if Jlarlow
Foster of Hanslop
Moore of Whitchurch
Brnvl.rooke of Brightwalton & Long
Foh-ille
Meredith of Upper Weld
Givndnn
Fleetwood of the Vache, Missenden,
Mordaunt of Moulston & Westbury
Boss,, of I!,rlou
and Cranford
Montgomery of Sherington
Bust.v,-,.rA,l,linKlon
Fox of Great Missenden
Mayne of Dinton and Ascott
Brinkhiiist „fGr,ut Murlow
Frome
Mosteyne
B,'ake <.r lliuhiil.iLm
Fennes, or Fynes, Lord Saye & Sele
Mount, alias Mouutney, of Little
Frankish of Lincolnshire
Lindford
Babhani ,'f Wi^l.m Turville
Grafton of Liitle Missenden
Marshell, or Marhele. of Wendover
Bear,l of Aylesbury and Queint,iu
Grey
Mathews of Wilts ami Guildford, anil
Bird of Bvrton
Gan-ard of Dorney
of Thornborough
Bruges „r Edlesborough
Goodwin of Upper Wincbendon
Moyle of Caversfield
Banest,.r
Giflord of ■rwvf,„-,l and HiUesden
Monke of Iver
BrudnellofAynhow
(;ii:.l>:,..| ..1 ':|..^.. Pbice & Ashwell
Mussenden of Mussenden
Browne of Wickham
I...II . . :'..., Iiiiton
Mountayne of Boveney and Dorney
Barker of Chesham Magna
(m. . ■ 1 . ! l:. ... .^ii,.ld
Millet of Wenbam
Barker of Great Wherwood and
<•■•■'■ m\'. ..! \\ '.'.r Uuilerwood
ManHeld of Clenedon
Chitw,>od
H;,«i.vv„f Kysli,, andChakers
Jlulsh
Chenev ,.f Drayton Beauchamp an,l
Hampden of Hampden, Kmble, and
Norton of Sherington
Chesham Boys
llartwell
Norwood of Astwood
Clarke "f I...iid„n House, Co. Bu,.ks,
HiUlev of Aylesbury
Nernule
iih.l ^..1 iilil.M, 1, 1 ... Leicester
H.inUnr
Newton of Lavendon
f'.,i:> . : r.. . ' "
Iluttmi of Bricklull
Naper of Lindfonl
Cl„ r. ' ' -■ I. ..M.ire&Cbcsbire
llynil,. ,.f Ile.lso.e
Nevelle
II;i\vt,.ii »f Norlbimiptonsbire
Nowers
Chauns,.y
llmnlibny
NichoUs of Wilden and Buckingham
Copeott of Gadesdeu
Hurb.y nf Aylesbury, Newport, and
Otter of London
Coates of Ilunslay
Slnll,.
Okebanke of Wendover
Caie .if Brightwell
Hill,.,..!,.,, nrsinkrbamon
Oruley of Staffordshire
ChesiiT of Chiceley
Cr.ioke ,.f Cbclton
II. ill.:-. ..l-.ii. '■rSo. Crawley
Puttnam, or Putenham, of Peun
lb. . ! . ..I.^bai.i
Pigott of Dodershall, Bechamptou,
Carlwright
Ib.M.l . , i ., ■. ....
Edlesborough, and Horwood
CttSlfll „f Oli.ev
Il:n).. - . Ii. ;u, ..1 Windsor) of Tur-
Parkington, or Palkington, of Stam-
Char,. ,.r (L.-shan,
weslon
ford Lovett, Co. Worcester
Combe ..f IbMks
Jones of Taplow
Portor of Bai-ton Hiu-tshorne
Crane of l.,oigljt,>n
.James of WiUlingford
Purefoy of Shuddlestone, Drayton,
Cl.arblg,. or W„vei.,l,.n
lAnson of Ashby Legers, Co. North-
and Waileley
Caresby, or Cawsbv, of Hardmead
ampton
Pyne of Cornwall
Palmer of Wadesdon
Peckham of Denham
Penn of Penn
Peeter of Horton
Parsons of Boveney and Langley
Philpott of Thurneston and Akelev
Power
Pjnn of BriU
Redman of Woving
Rufford of Butlers
Ramsey of Hitcham
Ruthali of Wolverton
Risley of Wittlebury
Eeade of Crendon, Lurgyshidl, and
Borstall
Reynes of Clifton Reyues
Richmond of Stukeley Grange
Rookes of Fawley
Rofife of Dodbrook
Rudd of Molesh
Richoi'dson
Staveley of Bignell
Sankey of Edlesborough
Sherrington of Edlesborough
Sparchford
Scroope of Hamelden
Staj-key
St. Owen
Slater of Great Hampden
Sandes of Latimers
Shert of Derbyshire
Scott of Mai-low
Sanders of Amersham, Dinton, and
Wavendon
Stafford of Tottenhow
Stanton of Smeweus
Sterne of Long Grendon
Trougliton of Great Lyndford
Tyi-rel of Thornton
TyiTingham of Thornton
Temple of Stow
Tbrogmorton of Weston Underwood
Trig-,, of Shipton
Vacbell of North Marston
Verney of Middle Claydon
Umfreville of Farnham Royal
Woodwai-d of Upton
Walwyn of Thoruboro' & Aylesbuiy
Wallynger of Whitchurch
West of Aylesbury and Mai-sworth
Wolverton
Wedmore of Hurlenden
Wheeler of Daehett
Webb of Stukelev Grange
Wake
Wilson of Broughton
Washington of Soulgrave, Northon.
Wentworth of Lillingstone Lovell,
Co. Oxon
Windsor of Braddenham
Woodford of Brightwell
WooiUiffe of Aylesbuiy
Waterhouse of Whitchurch
Waller of BeaconsBeld
W.iKC of Wickham
Wbll,. nfC-|,l,l,.,.,.tt
GENERAL HISTORY.
STATISTICS.
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
p. Parish. B. Boiougl
T. Towuship.
H. Hamlet.
C. Chapeh-y.
PE. Precinct.
L. Liberty.
E.P. Extra Parocliial.
Ashendon i
Policott 1
Aston Sandford :
Beckley (part of) Parish*
Studley I
Boarstall :
Brill :
Chearsley
Chilton
Easington i
Claydon, East, p. includiii
Bottle Claydon )
Claydon, Middle
Crendon, Long
Dinton (part of) Parish ^'
Aston Molins . . . .1
jDorton
Grandborough
Grendon-Underwood ..
Hogshaw
with Fulbrook 1
Ickford (part of ) "=
Ilmer, or lilmire
Kingsey (part of) '' ...
Ludgershall &Tetchwick
Kingswood ]
Marston, Fleet
Marston, North., ;
Oakley
Oving
Pitchcott :
Quainton Parish
Doddershall ]
Quainton ■
Shipton Lee i
Qnarrendon " :
Shabbington :
Towersev
VVaddesdon Parish
Waddesdon
Westcott ]
Woodham ]
Winchendon, Nether ..:
Winchendon, Upper. . . .
Wootton-under-Wood . .
Worminghalh
Quota of
Land Tax
IS Assessed
in 1798.
£ s d.
1790 260 0 0
65oi 7-1 4 0
Annual Value
of Eeal
Property as
Assessed to the
Property and
Income Tax in
184.3.
£ [ £^sr'd.
330G3104 18 6
845 739 0 0
GGO; 72 1 4 9i'.9; 611 8
3080;2<JG 8 0 353<.2o89 1.5
2600:359 17 1 5124 .5491 10
1130 101 10 8 164H 1436 13
2080 211 16 0 3633 2893 8
2160149 3 437053159 4
2850229 5 4 41273273 10
3120 306 18 8 4423:3714
I
Number of
Houses in
1841.
POPULATIO>
18 .
49
313 1
290; 74 4 0
890 226 10 8
1560 95 18 8
3670l 89 7 0
1(
1260
810
1350
2280
150
930
1910
2250'
1270
1100
il50
254
101 2 0
90 0 0
94 8 0
224 18 0
190 12 0
138 10 4
197 11 4
146 6 0
156 10 0
133 4
266 8
1620 133
2080360
1880 204
1200 ) 81
i
835
6010 90
1-520 240 0
1030187 10
3220 126 5
2090 103 14
5 76 1
9 25] 2
0 337:13
j 563 9 0
25382347 3 0
2008:2328 0 11
2484|2075 19 11
•J1951947 1 6
I969'2174 14 4
n53jll54 13 8
12661063 3 11
3468.3257 3 10
1948 1607 5
21613044 2
2059 3446 12
1536 1837 19
16262060 10
29
72 3
84i 2
3454,
1783 10
3845 5
2.5792123 18
5048 4177 6 7
31983022 17 6
1597 1990 11 7
9854 9315 16 11
1706 181 J 17 1
348 305 10 0
2519 3472 8 1
11)812684 19 0
3038 2315 18 0
1623 1487 12 2
13
6[
140 6
86 4
89 2
12 . .
193 6
19..
15j..
68 3
93 1
306 23
62 3
8 ..
69 ..
48 1
54 1
67 3
248
1 71
I In the Else-
1821 1831 1841 iMales Fern. 1 Co. where
319! 339
76 84
90 98
1791 18a
859i 864
214( 217
316 338
55
271
74
165' 169
359
37
412
357 306
51 56
120
55
184
294
1040
231
90
231
1060
263
379
210 108 102
102 48 54
86 45 41
13
88' 44 44' 52 36
252 125 127' 177 75
1449 718 731 1217 232
308 153 155 2821 26!
285 139 146 232 53
70, 46 33 66 13
378 194 184
127 38 69
1656 825 831
151 79 72
345 167 178
384 193 191
367 403
1327 1454
261 242
28 38
284, 294
216 223 218
344 312 265
314 297 314
79
178
500 2.32
6(i 32
38' 18
619 318
391, 200
391 190
68 30
I
37 19
929 465
115 64
64 32
366 175
413 2o2
1408 666
303 151
359
95
1485
31
863
871 28
1
61
49
63
305
364
1284 124
285 18
38
inhabitants
" The entire Parish of Beckley, which is mostly in Oxfordshire, contains 4370 acres, and 07.') inhabitants.
!> The Parish of Dinton extends into Aylesbury Hundred and Desborough Hundred ; and the entire Parish contains 4100 acres, and (
<: The Parish of Ickford extends into Oxfordshire. The entire Pai-ish contains 1.500 acres, and 380 inhabitants.
d The Parish of Kingsey also extends into Oxfordshire, but the area is wholly returned in the above : the entire population is 227. The Return for
1831 contained the whole population, which will account for the apparent discrepancy.
• The Parish of Quarrendon, although here given, is properly part of Aylesbury Huntlred ; the account of which will be found in Vol. ii. page 400.
GENERAL HISTORY.
AYLESBURY HUNDRED.
72
Parish. B. Burougl
T. Township.
H. Hamlet.
C. Chapehy.
PH. Precinct.
L. Liberty.
K.P. Extra Parochial.
Aylesbury " i
Walton I
Aston-Clinton Parish
Aston-Clinton ..'
Aston St. Leonard i
Bierton with Broughtoni
Bledlow and the Ridge ]
: Brands-Fee'' i
l-2j|Buckland i
laoCuddington i
ISoDinton, (part of) ....)
Aston Molins ... .i
Ford 1
Upton I
Wakhidge i
17l|Ellesborough'<: i
202 Haddenham i
219 Halton j
227 Hampden, Great'' . . . .i
29.J Hampden, Little i
300 Hartwell j
Sedrup (part of) ' i
328 Horsendon j
337Hulcott ]
341 Kimble, Great i
Kimble Wick . . . . i
Marsh 1
Kimble, Little i
Lee 1
Missenden, Great ,. i
3!)0]Missenden, Little ....]
41 1 Risborough, Monk's ' i
426iRisborough, Prince's s j
446 Stoke Mandeville ....i
Prestwood i
Stone 1
Bishopstone . . . . i
Littleworth i
Sedriip (part of). . i
Wendover '' i
Weston Turville i
451
2670
970
2470
4130
1290
980
3310
3160
1390
1820
620
680
780
860
2570
760
500
5320
3350
3220
4710
1400
s.---
Quota of
•^ s
Land Tax
<o a
as Assessed
in 1708.
> S
£ s.
d.
£
774 16
0
9288
305 7
11
3526
76 7
0
638
391 2
10
3469
36!) 15
0
6108
245 4
10
136 2
5
1456
234 6
8
2127
350 12
7
3298
61 0
0
282 3
5
3839
419 4
6
4293
105 6
8
1064
108 2
9
1148
31 8
2
195
102 4
10
1513
66 8
0
663
88 19
0
1171
293 13
11
2644
85 17
.,
941
45 14
o
400
410 6
5
5538
186 18
()
1787
324 5
4
2497
478 19
10
2467
193 11
0
2060
306 14
2
3142
548 3
4
4963
329 6
'
3676
AnmiiJ Value
of Real
Property as
Assessed to the
Property and
Income Tax in
1843.
£ s. d.
16243 6 9
3721 4 4
3844
820
4754
4756
3341
1666
2673
667
3733
6359
1354
1461
394
836
1333
937
428
8618
2304
3718
6884
2320
7072
4316
2 4
8 3
18 0
0 0
18 9
13 3
10 6
1 0
17 7
11 0
1 2
16 7
14 0
14 4
19 6
POPULATION.
166j
190 13
36 1
136 7
217 1
0 8
15 1
109
136
99
1
47
26
2
151
353 26
35 .
67 .
19 .
17 .
13 .
6 .
r{
14!
27I.
38
435 16
20614
214 4
45417
86
17{
89
61
3
2
38.5 1 10
153 3
1821 18:tl I 1841
[3186 3447 4400 4907
3| 584 662 723 864
,.| 137| 171 186: 147
1| 518 603 620 606
917 931 1050 1135
331 496
462 547
4650
2339
773
362
847
406
i7y
86
605
302
1205
603
9 581
964 1038 1294
169 171 195
228 235 281
79 69 88
115 221 133
62 34 60
117| 125 139
. 316 319 360
•! I
. 142 143 166
. 150 172 198
11411 15761736
2 626 678 814
2 768 899 931
3 1564 1644 1958
i I
248 3411 402
516 592 716
i !
1397 14811002
497 624 611
510 537
620[ 626
468
4
893 221
I 94
I n
666 708
1477 1546
209 198
280 290
105 83
84
54
7
145 133
268
137;
163
177
186! 142
1827 2225
937 1011
1018 1083
2122 2206
,^, 388
^6» 106
606
274
20
9
2008 187
637 71
773
loru in the
County
2317 3079] 977
411 690 183
442 779 68
92 148 30
303 669 36
602 1041 164
289 490
319 599
244
2
106
48
8
377 607
802 1415
100 181
1.53 260
47
129
45
23
16 2i
61 12
137
27 45
80
83 16
76 134
142 1975
490, .621
536! 5471040
108.5'll2l2035
196! 19
50
479
736
241
128
9
4
1003 1666
366 044
» The return of the population of Aylesbury for 18il, includes 37 persons in the Buckinghiuushire Infirmary, l.'ii in the County Gaol, and 89 in the
\li-^l.in V I'liiou Workhonse. The Parliamentary Borough of Aylesbury includes the Hundreds of .Vylesbury, Ashendon, and Cotteslow.
I' Brands Fee Liberty extends into Great Missenden, Little Missenden, and Hitchendon, and the returns are there included,
f The return for the Parish of Ellesborough, includes the Hamlet of Dimsmore, containing 90 inhabitants.
^ Tlie return for Great Iliunpden, includes the Hamlet of Hampdcn-Kow, containing 177 inhabitants.
« Part of Sednip Township is in Stone Pai'isb, and is there entered.
' The Parish of Monk's-Eisborough, includes the Hamlets of Ascot, White-Cliffe, Catsdcous, Meadle, and Owlswick.
c Tlie Town of Prince's-liisborough contains 920 inhabitants.
!> Tlic Parish of Wendover iucUiiles Wendover Peau Foreign, and Lee Conmion Hamlet.
GENERAL HISTORY.
BUCKINGHAM HUNDRED.
p. Parish. B. Borough,
T. Township.
H. Hamlet.
C. Chapelry.
PR. Precinct.
L. Liberty.
E.P. Extra Parochial
505 Addington
513 Adstock . .
518]Akeley
5-23! Barton-Hartshorn ....
5'25JBeachampton
5;i7 Biddlesden
54G Buckingham (») ..b. &
Bourton
Bourtonhold
Gawcott
Lenborougli
Prebend-End
Caversfield ('')
Chetwode
Edgcott
Foscott
Hillesden
Leckhampstead ...
Lilhngstone Dayrell
Luffield Abbey "(=) .
Maids Moreton . . .
Marsh Gibbon
Padbury
Preston Bisset
Cowley
Radcliffe
Chackmore
Shalston
Oldwick ..
Steeple-Claydon
Stowe C)
Dodford
Lamport
Stratton-Audley {")
Thornborough
Thornton
Tingewick
Turweston
Twyford
Gharndon
Pownden
Water-Stratford
14l|VVestbury ...
» The number of inhabitants in 1841, includes 11 persons in the Borough Gaol, and 147 iu the Buckingham Union Workhouse. The Parliamentary
Borough of Buckingham comprises the Parishes of Buckingham, Maids' Morton, Thoruborough, Padbury, Hillesden, Preston Bisset, Tingemck, and
Eadclifle-cum-Chackmore, comprising a population of 7978.
» Caversfleld in 1831 was partly returned mth the Township of Bicester-Mai-ket-end, Oxfordshii-e ; the whole Parish, however, being said to belong
to Buckinghamshire, the Parish is included in the above retm-n for 1841.
<: The area of LufBeld Abbey is included with the Pai-ish of Stowe ; and consists of 450 acres, CO of which are in Northamptonshire.
<* The returns for Stowe in 1831, include the population of Boycott, in Oxfordshire.
^ Stratton Audley Pai'ish is situated in Oxfordshire, excepting the 30 acres here named.
e 2
GENERAL HISTORY.
BURNHAM HUNDRED.
>
1
14G
181
P. PiU-ish. B. Boroi
T. T.™-ii>bip.
H. Hamlet.
C. Chapelry.
PE. Precinct.
L. Liberty.
E.P. Extra ParocliiiU
Si'-
1
<
Quoin of
LiUid Tax
as Assessed
in 1798.
a _■
ii
7305
5924
10361
3489
5256
2400
15656
1186
1954
3354
643
718
1459
3094
3681
Annual Value
of Real
Property as
Assessed to the
Property and
Income Tax in
1843.
Number of
Houses in
1841.
POPULATION.
Number of tbe Population
in the Years
Division of
1841.
Born in tbe
County
or elsewhere.
In the Else-
Co. where
1
1
i
1
0
i
1
3
5
6
1
1801
2130
1149
1519
762
1174
423
3969
135
190
550
177
224
200
927
422
1811 1 1831
1
2259 2612
14«1 1736
1831 ,1841
28163098
1763 1732
Males Fem.
1434 1664
835 897
98 91
83 90
49 45
170 142
130 111
Amersliam (part off .
■p"
5420
, 3710
1
0740
3550
4930
\ 2290
11880
ai!)
1190
1840
480
590
1370
42fiO
1920
£
570
293
71
195
147
152
279
279
125
214
57
234
97
142
140
1(>2
ll«
G4
81
113
1G9
28
56
84
187
174
s. d.
5 0
4 0
12 2
14 4
4 4
11 0
15 0
15 0
16 4
0 3
18 6
15 9
9 0
15 6
8 3
8 0
0 4
8 3
13 0
11 4
19 0
6 4
13 0
15 2
7 9
0 2
£ s.d.
9199 11 5
7027 13 4
14822 14 8
5654 12 0
7129 8 1
2714 2 6
-19i)7 1 0
859 2 0
3159 9 4
1583 3 6
2239 10 5
1962 16 9
2748 5 (i
2249 7 7
1869 9 4
1392 15 1
1632 12 0
3400 2 0
71!' 0 0
695 7 2
1803 10 0
3821 7 5
4509 3 9
55419
339 10
2599
1344
1732
1057
1124
463
•2117
118
484
160
443
375
41)5
179
()72
184
281
574
160
274
185
923
407
499
388
552
171
359
162
308
11
52
13
56
29
19
71
81
34
43
218
25
,S
337
203
"37 '3
24 ..
20 ..
56 2
47 ..
257 12
243 19
302 11
123 3
502 1 8
25 . .
Ill 1
28 1
102 2
04..
87 7
46 J
152 4
42..
60 4
157 10
39 3
65 2
48^ 4
229' 6
1513
924
1153
510
4441
130
247
624
180
249
161
950
592
1918
1104
1351
595
5032
160
279
686
199
264
1054
586
2137
1297
1416
649
5388
157
2158
777
171
245
1103
647
189
173
94
312
241
1275
1228
1483
625
2425
129
536
173
499
404
424
250
753
218
324
792
I80
281
267
1040
744
Boveney Lower
Boveney Uppers!
Britwell
Burnham East. .
ieL
p.
H.
.H.
.P.
.P.
. P.
2-2.3
237
247
2G2
Town and Wood
Chalfont St. Giles ..
ChalfontSt. Peter ..
Clienies
658 617
620 608
762 721
304 321
1130 1295
67 62
265 271
92 01
239 2(50
198 2(16
203 221
125 125
373 380
99 119
167 157
379; 413
96, 89
146 135
133 134
498 642
345 399
Asherid-e
Ashley Green . . .
Bellingden
Botley
Cliarleridge ...
Hiindrid"-e
270
Latimers ... .
Waterside
Chesliam Bois ....
277
•'HI
Farnham-Royal '' ..
Hedgerley Dean
Seer Green ...
'>«7
Penn
295
Taplow
135
2
The Pai-ish of Amersham is partly in Hertfordshire ;
The Piirish of Farnhnm-Royiil includes part of Snlthill villagi
including 140 persons in tbe Union Workhouse, 304.'j inhabitants
The entii-e Parish contains 1358 inhabitants and 2010 acres.
COTTESLOW HUNDRED.
Parish. B. Boro
T. Township.
H. Hamlet.
C. Chnpelry.
PR. Precinct.
L. Liberty.
E.P. Extra Parochia
SOGAston-Abbots p.
311jClieddington " p.)
j Seabrook (part of) h. |
315 Clioulsbury p.
325Creslow r.
328'Cublington p.
332 Urayton-Beauchamp *> p.
339 Dray ton-Parslow ... .p.
31l!Dunton p.
i
Qu.
... 1
^
Laud Tax
>tr
as Assessed
iu I
"98.
<
£
«. d.
2180
350
0 0
1170
129
18 0
170
13
50
620
1290j
1920^
i()8o;
155o!
£
44.39
1602
IGO 0 0 1461
157 0 oi 2361
201 4 0, 230(1
207 2 0 1910
132 5 0 166(1
Aniiual Value
of Real
Property as
\ssessed to the
Property and
1843.
£
3899
1377
318 5 8
1375 0 0
22.38 17 9
2576 15
1796 11 5
1762
75
99 3
9 2
24 3
1 .
59
51
POPULATION.
Division
1K41.'
2 21 271
91
321 303
341 375
233 2.39
224 272
287; 372 416 52<
89 98 110 10'
356 166 190
497 220 277
62' 34 28
124 52 72
7' 3 4
290 134 156
231 118 113
52(>j 260 266
56 51
ic Paris
id tho
turned.
' of 3G persons, which
the Population Re
GENERAL HISTORY.
COTTESLOW HUNDRED
CONTINUED.
P. Parish. B. Borouj
T. Township.
H. Hamlet.
C. Chapeby.
PK. Precinct.
L. Liberty.
E.P. Extra Parochial.
Eddlesborough Parish
Eddlesborough . .T
Dagnall h
Hudnall H
Northall h
Grove p.
Hardwick p.
Weedon h.
Hawridge p.
Hogston p.
Hoiwood, Great p.
Singleborough . n.
Horwood, Little p.
Ivinglioe p
Aston-Ivinghoe ..h.
Horton (part of ) » ii. I
Margaret Street . . ii.
Ringshall& Wards H-'
Linslade p.
Marsworth p.\
Long Marston ..e.p.J
Mentmore Parish
Ledbiirn h.
Mentmore t.
Alursley p. |
Salden h. )
Pightlesthorne p.
Friesden (partof)'' h^
Nettieden(partof)'' cj
Shenley Brook End'*..!!.
Siapton p.
Soulbiiry p. l
Hoilingdon ii. I
Stewkley ¥.\
Liulecote n. J
Su-anbourne p.
raltciilioe ..... ... .P.
Whaddon Parish
Nash II.
Whaddon t.
Whitchurch p.
Wing p \
Ascott II. I
Burcott u.{
Crofton H.|
Littleworth ii.j
Wingbury iiJ
Wingrave witii Rowsham p
Winslow <^ p. 1
Shipton n. J
210
1340
18G0
610
1
•2-200
920
1950
1830
880
1620
840
2510
690
1430
2300
1580
2600
1920
Quota of
Land Tax
as Assessed
in 1798.
II
£ s. d.
£
150 1 7
84 14 1
45 1 6
1744
161 6 3
77 6 8
791
113 9 0
2313
177 13 9
2974
45 0 0
526
158 18 0
2677
155 16 3
1993
51 18 9
924
92 14 fi
2034
148 5 1
100 6 0
77 7 4
1786
104 8 4
132 7 0
2391
127 10 0
1563
243 0 4
1377
278 0 0
3613
128 10 8
1291
42 16 0
1050
154 4 0
2017
140 5 0
19.54
293 16 0
4390
352 11 6
6341
140 15 0
4505
75 8 6
672
Annual Value Number of
of Eeal I Houses in
Property as | 1841.
Assessed to the
Property and
Income Tax in
1843.
2258 1
641 1
2043 15
3195 8
784 15
2582 5
32IS5 12
1056 12
1878 12
2475 14
1561 5
832 11
1919 1
3625 19
1991 10
2 141
gl 75
4 109
1463
1607
4204 17 11
1728 2 9
1487 19 10
174i' 17 3
1785 3
4637 14 9
687 7 6
87 0 0 1369 1361 5 0
129 17 62653,2745 15 0
176 19 3 3107 3725 4
9607 8571 6 5
241 10 0
223 17 0
3688 4298 13 9
46!!15447 8 4
POPUL.\TION.
1801 1811 1821 1831 1841
331
178
385
121
197
450
87
339
452
233
441361
424'
1
203; 281
I
259 264
529 499
31 24
265 263
545! 548
375 377
525 512
845 928
675
1222
783
1290
319
428
233
204
599
113
39-J
740
44(
179
126
217
883
47
1:
169
179
441
38
424
42
108
264
325
499
116
1234
28
679
15
366
514
9:50
808
98
170
83
90
25
814
1333
101
Di-i-ision of
Sexes,
1841.
Born in the
County
or elsewhere.
Tn thf
Else-
Co.
where
1249
448
13
12
291
28
417
U
214
19
193
U
552
47
98
15
373
19
064
76
404
42
158
21
97
28
144
73
471
412
340
132
8
4
167
2
165
14
440
39
391
33
28
14
64
44
236
28
279
46
430
69
114
2
1199
63
613
66
9
C
352
14
497
47
8.58
72
746
62
94
4
1.59
11
80
3
82 8|
23
2
7701 44
■ The Hamlet of Horton extends also into the Parishes of Slapton, and Eddlesborough
> The Hamlet of Friesden is partly in Herts. = Nettleden Chapelry extends also into Ivinghoe Pa
' Shenley Parish is poi'tly in Newport Hundred, in which Pai-ish the return for the Township of Church End
■ The population return of for 1841, includes So persons in the Winslow Union Workliouse.
ish, but the return for 1841 is here given.
5 made.
GENERAL HISTORY.
DESBOROUGH HUNDRED.
p. Parish. B. Borough.
T. Township.
H. HiuiJet.
C. Chapeb-y.
PR. Preciuct.
L. Liberty.
E.P. Extra Parochial.
Bradenham
Dinton (part of) Pa
Morton
Fawley
Fingest
Hanielden
Hedsor
Hitclienden '■'
Ipstone (part of) '' .
Great Marlow "
830
Lauil Tax ; o c
,s Assessed -a >>
£ s. d. £
1-21 8 0 1305
Little Marlow .
Medmenham ...
Radnage
62o[Saundertoii ...
629[Turville
633|Woobiirn
63S)KVycombe,'* High
653i Wycombe West . ,
640 124
2010 172
1100 101
6020. ill
j 770' 80
^597i'|237
jioioj 47
1.50 2.59
6490l425
3390 264
'2510197
;1150 80
|l590'l80
2570'l.50
:2850j345
0 170'
0 900
Amiual Vahie
of Real
Property as
Assessed to the
Property and
Income Tax in
181.3.
£ t. d.
1373 12 0
1328
2505
1271
8 6393 8218
0 070 1655
1 2183' 3096
o; 8O7! 838
14
19
19
14 10
9
1 0
1
Number of
Houses in \_
1841. I
POPULATION.
,818i;i53l9
,1
9,
9
0 5191' 4-589
4 2574* 2849
0 884 1120
01962 1801
9 1697 1637
9 4923 6878
41 ..
3 . .
50'..
73; 1
261' 7
46
290
"1
1 61 799,49
120,,.,
:626..i'^''^
6 8553 13396 10
, P. 6340|498 5 8 4898 7573 10
18
1
14
0 9
0 9
4 7
0
5
21 166' 3
3 70[ 2
7 82 1
47| 2
1021 6
39038
6-52 37
685 63j
392 81
a__lK)l
.. 170
,.! 181
,.' 310
11074
. . 140
. .' 80'
. .j 258
6 3230
1 728
.. 284
1 300
.. 193
..I .376
41401
8 1899
4 2349
. . 1330
189
303
1110
162
909
247
2797
1100
730
323
319
192
382
1604
2 190
2266
1302
1831 I 18-11
Division of
1841.
263 226 116! 110
,4237
14
276 254
295 340
1281 13.5'
108 207 1
1247 1467
272 313
2532
1231
7751 783
369' 304
306 399
210 231
362 442
1831 1927
2864 3101!
2735 3198
1545,1901
141 8
280[ 143
379' 176
1241 639
194 103
1481 738
137
203
602
91
743
177 87 90
I 1
4480 2067 2413
927 483
385 188
401 196
232 124
476 247
1830 891
3104 1481
3296 1576
2002 1020
444
197
205
1
229
939
1703
1720
982
Born in the
County
or elsewhere.
Inthe Else-
Co. 'where
209 17
j
12 2
158 122
307i 72
959' 282
142i 62
1380! 101
132 45
3595 885
802 126
282 103
358 43
203 29
319 157
1526 304
2356 828
2792 504
1802 200
' Brand's Fee Liberty, in Aylesbury Hundred, is poitly in this parish,
!> The Parish of Ipstone extends into Oxfordshire ; and contains 1310 acres, and 347 inhabitants. The population in 1831, was wholly returned in Bucks
« The population return for Great Marlow, in 1841, includes 214 persons in Great Marlow Workhouse. The Parliamentary Borough of Great Marlow,
comprises the Parishes of Great Marlow, Little Marlow, Medmenham, and Bisham, containing 6-237 inhabitants.
<i The entire Pai-ish and Parliamentary Borough of High Wycombe contains 6480 inhabitants. The population of the Old Borough is stated above.
NEWPORT HUNDRED.
Parish. B. Borough.
T. Township.
H. Hamlet.
C> Chapelry.
L. Liberty.
E.P. Extra Parochial.
Astwood Bury P.
Bletchley P.
Fenny Stratford (part)c
Water Eton t.
iradwell P.
Iradwell Abbey.. ..e. P.
Brayfiekl, Cold P.
Brickhill, Bow P.
irickhill. Great P.
Brickhill, Little p.
Broughtun P'
Calverton P.
Castlelhorpe P.
Chicheley P.
Clifton Reynes P.
122iCrawley, North p.
Quota (
1 Laud Ti
[as Asses
i £
1300 120
1180 99
930 172
1040; 95
790 72
650 1 66
630 50
1380 130
1800251
1300 15
1020jl00
1980 151
1380 142
! 1020; 230
1120J143
[4060,324
g ^'r I Annual Value
MS i of Real
"S jj I Property as
2 -^ Assessed to th
3 S Property and
■j S. Income Tax i:
= £ 1 1843.
s. d £
10 0 1433
6 8 1009
8 8
3 8
14 (I
12 6
3 0
1 0
14 4
4 0
0 0
2291
1477
1550
983
2415
3033
2132
1988
17 2,2846
11 3|1767
15 2 1993
10 011872
1 C3040
£ s.
1500 0
1008 15
2902 11
1503 1
1300 0
500 0
1169 0
2767 15
3538 12
2006 10
1732 10
3100 15
3936 12
1779 2
930 14
4024 0
Number 1
Houses i
1841.
i
51 S
89 -2
158 1:
58 2
75
3 .
16 1
116 6
151
101 10
33
98l
81 6
51! 1
49; 3
176
POPULATION.
801 11811 I
1 t
160 209
355 435
409 481
214 187
255 259
12[ 10
82; 75
431 392
.560 554
385l 409'
157' 194
321 1 332
200 2421
189 179
221 238
017 081
183 1 [ 1841
i
268 243
370 418
036 766
243 267
257 381
17 21
93, 83
475 566
770' 721
514 503
172 100
425' 493
■MO 365
210|
246 213
791' 805
13
Born in the
County
or elsewhere
222
371
619
230
179} 266
11 19
42 60
261
190
131 192
112 185
443 704
GENERAL HISTORY.
NEWPORT HUNDRED
CONTINUED.
T. Township.
H. Hamlet.
C. ChaiJelry.
PE. Precinct.
L. Liberty.
E.P. Extra Parochial.
137 Emberton " p.
143 Gayhurst '' r.
164;Hanslape P.
17y|Hardmead P.
183|Haversham P.
lOOjLathbury p.
20R,Lavendon p.
220|Linford, Great ... P.
229jLinford, Little p.
234 Lough ton P.
241 Middleton Keynes P.
2ol^Moulsoe P.
257 Newton Blossomville. • P.
261|Nevvton Longueville ..P.
270'Newport-Pagnell<^ ....P.
298 01ney p. i
I Warrington ....H.j
311 Ravenstone p.
325 Shenley (part of) parish'^
I Ciiurch-End ....t.
333 Sherrington p.
339 Simpson p. ,
FennyStratford(part)<'c|
345 Stanton-Biiry p.
351 Stoke-Goldington p. |
Eakley-Lanes ..H.J
375Stoke-Hammond ....p.
369 Stony Stratford St. Giles p
Stony Stratford , St. Mary p
372Tyrinsham with ^
I Filgrave S ^'
385| Walton p.
391iWavendon p.
397 Weston-Underwood ..p.
409Willen p.
42l|Woolston, Great p.
424 Woolston, Little p.
411 Wolvertonf P.
426 Woughton on the Green p
i
Quota of
Land Tax
,s Assessed
1860 216
84o' 89
5290 496
1290 129
1430 177
s. d.i £
2 0 3786
6 6 1465
G 9 6652
17 0 1222
4 42186
50 241 12 0 3859
2320 227 18 13302
1810 231 18 6 3843
550 82 19 31115
1620 132 2 8 903
1770,322 12 64306
1190 133 4 0 201 J
1050 74 7 4 1400
1640116 15 92032
3220 610 12 2 9208
315 10
63 19 6
170 13 2 2837
Annual Value
of Eeal
Property as
Assessed to the
Property and
Income Tax i
1843.
3140
1510
1780
1330
750
2070
1470
70
190(
690
880
300
450
760
620
2260
890
:6589
6 4 2463
19 0 3121
14 0 2301
10 8
11 4 2634
18 0
1 0
12 6
8 9
09 16 0
03
245
110
8 0
6 4
17 0
12 8
16 0
18 0
1173
3621
2739
823
791
874
3596
1443
£ s. d.
3624 16 5
1637 0 0
9407 19 9
997 0 0
2400 14 0
2470 3 0
3394 11 6
3230 0 0
1101 11 0
3233 11 4
31.59 19 '.}\
2219 11 2
1360 6 6
1973 13 o[
10953 14 7
5283 15 0
1013 12 5!
2265 12 9J
2529 16 0
3332 8 0
1815 14 7
3377 11 4
2103 17 4
POPULATION.
1243
4460
3972
932
666
898
2 9
3 0
12 8|
0 8
5 5
6 0
4575 17 0
1900 12 3
22 1
82 j 2
242 9
105' 4
9 . .
27 ..
25 ..
172J 5
94 4
18 ..
18j..
25 1
218 4
77'..
1289
45
223
^hi)
544
313
44
302
280
282
221
459
2048
268
.1
3 528
549
90
1479
75
289
164
613
408
73
293
338
260
243
486
3103
2339
4
225
796
598
118
1623
83
313
172
664
420
55
325
334
303
237
473
3385
2314
74
430
Division of
Sexes.
1841.
1801 1811 1821 1831 1841 Males Fem
323
1053
566
658 297
116; 64
1553{ 759
83 43
283 145
127 6:
6911 32,
474| 253
64 30
36 1{ 183
327 156
297 145
204 127
565 296
3569 1710
2362 1058
75
415 192
227 i
856
317
268
42
754
101
407
1227
530
31
175
103
846
438
97
94
115
1261
354
34
178
171
152
137
269
1859
1304
31
223 365
HI 183
437 738
!S •'«
22: 39
369 J 693
51 83
198
209
344
582
256
645
274
1108
13
92
18
83
183
49
54
99
397
449
676
192
246
353
46
51
81
37
57
82
50
65
83
694
567
543
164
190
299
133
21
203
15
117
79
22
49
33
50
49
38
860
468
15
50
170
85!
16
12
32
718'
55
' The return for the Parish of Emberton includes Manor Farm, extra pai-ocbial, containing 8 persons ; and also tli
depopulated village of Ekeney-cum-Petsoe, not even a single house remaining.
b The return for Gayhurst also includes Gorefields, extra parochial, containing about GO acres, but there are not any houses.
<: The population return for 1841, for Newport Pagnell, includes 167 persons in the Workhouse, aud 8 in Queen Anne's Hospital.
"l Shenley Parish is partly in Cotteslow Hundred. The entire Parish contains 3130 acres, and iu 1841, 491 inhabitants.
<^ Fenny Stratford extends also into Bletchley Parish. The whole Chapelry, in 1841, contained 1033 inhabitants.
' The great iucrease of population in the Parish of Wolverton, in 1841, may be ascribed to the establishment there of the
London and Birmingham Railway Company, around which a town of considerable size has already sprung up. [See Wolver
of property, &c. iu the now
Station of the
iv. p. lis.]
GENERAL HISTORY.
STOKE HUNDRED.
■- 1
p. Paiisb. B. Boro.
gl^.
1
1
Quota of
Land Tax.
as Assessed
in 1798.
- -•
si
if
Annual Value
ofEeol
Property as
Assessed to the
Property and
Income Tax in
1843.
Number of
Houses in
POPULATION. 1
2 i H. HaiiJet/
^ C. Chapelry.
- ■ PR. Precinct.
iP 1 L. Liberty.
^ 1 E.P. Extrn Pnrocbial
1841.
Number of tlie Population
in the Years
Dirisiou of
Sexes.
1841.
Born in the
County
or elsewhere.
1
1
1
.1
3
1
"l
3
••
•■>
In the
Co.
529
592
885
1698
14
251
127
309
1330
1020
899
43
50
840
500
115
398
Else-
where
373
330
379
1828
69
104
34
171
600
333
420
57
59
376
577
60
274'
1
1801
710
1000
2279
262
126
723
1635
1571
838
1083
178
560
839
1189
2475
340
158
796
1663
1616
1073
1268
154
520
1831
802
1169
3232
391
187
804
1870
1797
1252
1502
181
682
1841
Males Fem.
1
474 428
405 517
663 601
1886 1640
58 25
181 174
89 72
254 226
964 966
430Colnbrook-
433 Datcliett
.c.
. P.
\ £ s. d.
1630 228 17 0
£
3709
6850
9095
2712
1143
3596
13182
7514
2613
5974
1145
3305
£ S. d.
5469 13 7
8285 7 8
12829 19 9
2221 5 0
1624 14 9
4940 0 6
13987 6 8
11656 1 5
8534 18 5
10221 6 9
1321 2 6
4428 3 2
165
164
357
796
2026
292
137
647
1377
1215
288
1018
172
616
902
922
1264
3526
83
355
161
480
1930
1353
1319
100
109
542
674
1080
175
672
448 Denham .
. p.
4850 390 5 3
242
13
459 Eton
,.p.|
p.
.P.
.p.
• P.
.p.
690293 5 3
1780 107 5 4
1010 71 1 7
1610 292 1 4
5140 828 6 6
3820 503 7.9
3380 369 7 6
1950 267 16 1
670 84 3 4
1610 '^Q4 11 5
S33 11
Eton CoUe^^e
498 Fiilmer
1
68
32
95
I
501
HpHp-piIpv
515rvpr
365 24
531
545
571
582
585
Langley Murish
Stoke Poge.s''
247
228
18
20
58
139
184
37
1
2
6
683
670
44
52
288
325
488
87
337
670
649
56
57
254
349
592
88
335
Slough (pai-t of)
Upton ■=
Chalvey
Slougl, (part of)
Wexham
.T.)
.P.
.P.
126 14
• The Chapeliy of Colnbrook is situated partly iu the Parishes of Hortou, Iver, and Langley Marish, (Bucks), and pai-tly in Stauwell Parisli,
(Middlesex); and the returns, where not given, are made with those Parishes respectively. The entire Chapelry contains lO'tO inhabitants.
•> Slouffh is partly in the Parishes of Stoke Poges and Upton, and the Populaiiou is returned with those Parishes respectively. The entire Town
■= The number of inhabitants in the Parish of Upton, in 1H41, includes ^19 persons in the Eton Union Workhouse. Part of the village of Salthill is
likewise included iu the Parish of Upton; aud the reraaiuder witli Faruham Eoval.
TOTALS OF THE PRECEDING TABLES.
Hundreds,
Area
of
Acres.
Quota of
Land Tax, as
Assessed in
1708.
ill
11-=
Annual Value
Real Property
assessed to tl
Property &Iuco
Tax in 1843
of
as
e
me
Number of Houses
POPULATION.
it
11 ii
Number of the Population in the Years
Division of
Sexes 1841.
or Elsewhere.
In the Else-
"
1801 1811 1K'21
1831 1 1841
Males Females
County
where.
£.
4-.
d.
£.
£. S.
d.
1 I
Ashendon . .
66670' 7022
18
7
94686
94859 7
2, 280.3J 95' 16
9765 10260 11994
12919
13416
6706
6710
11776
1640
Aylesbury. .
63650: 7392
3
8
72717
107050 19
2 4996; 199 39
16550 17941 21094
23313
24583
12044
12539
21666
2917
Buckingham
56290 4351
9
3
74695
89571 7
6 30941 73 38
9831 11137, 13161
14110
15116
7373
7743
12660
2456
iBurnham ..
50980 4242
6
9
66480
86099 4
lO; 3914 156! 23
1359li 15394 17748
19066
19894
9698
10196
16260
3634
iCotleslow .
70010, 6593
.'j
10
90010 107460 0
0, 38721 106 20
13260 13940: 16374
17441
19207
9360
9847
16645
2562
Dosborough
52370 4658
7
8
52908 75573 19
4 41861 233' 25
15128 16812
18613
20794
21205
10283
10922
17334
3871
Newport ..
75770 8705
0
2
122547
13.3013 7
8, ,5500i 16 1| 28
20056 20871
23107
24868
26915
13070
13845
21189
5726
Moke ....
28140^ 37 30
8
4
60838
8.5520 0
2, 2722
' 136 17
1159 206
8941, 10965
107122:117320
12091
134182
13869
15647
7948
76482
7699
9603
6044
Total ....
46388046696
0
3'634881
781148 5 10
31087
146.370
155983
79501
127133
28850
The foregoing Table
le. As showing tlie (
been carefully
ompilcd from var
lation of each pla
us Parliamentary documents, aud may therefore be relied upon as being ]
iu the County, they possess great local as well as general interest.
, x>
Zmlt^vrffC
OF
' >aruUipnmfkp-^
-^ho
InirlunabcUU^buT
?.^
lansh of*"
^ Marslon )*<i* ,»^
.7 ©(S' ^ ■ "«II shall 'fln
^ ^ ^ /a nun .
1 2 J
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
JILLIAM the Conqueror having estaUishcd himself on the throne of
England, and united in his interest the great body of the people,
caused a survey to be made of his newly acquired dominions, which
with so great exactness described the lands and their possessors, that
it has remained until the present time a valuable record of the con-
dition of the country, the nature of feudal rights, and the distribution
amongst his Norman followers of the estates of their Saxon prede-
cessors. But the ancient divisions of Hundreds and parishes were
permitted to continue unaltered, and it was not until after the lapse of
many ages that in this county three ancient Hundreds, in Domesday Book denominated Esse-
dene, Votesdone, and Tichesele, were united in the Hundred of Ashendon popularly so called,
but technically, — the three Hundreds of Ashendon. The orthography of those names in the
subsequent changes through which they passed, has been so various that they arc not without
difficulty identified with the modern appellations of Ashendon, Waddesdon, and Ixhill, the
places whence they were originally derived ; and in order to convey an accurate idea of the ex-
tent of those ancient divisions it may be proper to introduce both their old names and those in
present use.
Essedene, or Esseden, subsequently called Esse and Ashe, consisted of —
Assedon, Assedune, now Ashendon.
Bichendone Bichendon.
Cerleslai, Chearsley.
Chentone Quainton.
Greunedone, Grendon.
Lutegarser, Ludgershall.
Oltone, Wottoii.
Olvonge, now Oving.
Policote, Policott.
Sibdone, Shipton Lee.
Sortelai, South Lee.
Tochingeuuicke, Tetchwick.
Witchende, Nether Winchendon.
Wichendoiie, Over or Upper Winchendon.
The Hundred of Essedene was bounded on the north by Rovelai Hundred (now included in
the Hundred of Buckingham) and by Votesdone Hundred ; on the cast by Votesdone and Tiche-
sele ; on the south bv Tichesele ; and on the west by the County of Oxford. It contained,
according to the Norman Survey recorded in Domesday Book, one hundred and twelve hides and
one virgate of land ; and had accjuired the name of Ashe before it was united with the two con-
tiguous Hundreds to form the modern Hundred of Ashendon.
Votesdone Hundred consisted at the same time of —
Votesdone, now Waddesdon, with its hamlets.
j-Bott, Bottle or Botolph's
Claindone, ) Claydon, East Claydon, and
I Middle Claydon.
Cresselai, deslow.
Edestocha, Adstock.
Grenesberga now Grandborough.
Hochestone, Hogston.
Hocsaga, Hogshaw.
r Fleet Marston.
'^lerston, I j^g^f,^ Marston.
Querendone, Quarendon.
This Hundred was bounded on the north by the Hundred of Lamua,' or more correctly La
Mare; on the east by Mureslai or Muselai, Coteshale, and Elesberie (the two former now included
' It is printed Lamua in the Liber Censualis, which name
shewn in its proper place.
is adopted by Willis and others, but incorrectly, as will be
4 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
in Cottcsloe Hundred) ; on the south by Elesberie, Stanes, Risberge (Aylesbury, Stone, and Ris-
borougli, now in Aylesbury Hundred), and Tichcsclc ; and on the west by La Mare, Rovelai, and
Esscdcnc ; and contained one hundred and thirteen hides and five virgates. Before its union
with Essedene and Tichesele, Crcsselai and Hochestone had been transferred to Cottesloe
Hundred, and Edestocha (Adstock) included in the Hundred of Buckingham.
Tichesele Hundred consisted of, —
Achelel, now Oakley. Hesintone, now Easington,
Ciltone, Chilton. Iforde, Ickford.
Credendone, Long Crendon. Ilmere, Ilmer.
Dortone, Dorton. Sobintone, Shabbington.
Eddingrave, Adingrave, in Oakley. Waldruge, ^^'aldridge, in Dinton.
Eie, Kingsey and Towersey. \yermelle, Wormenhalj.
Estone, Asion Molins, in Dinton.
Tichesele, or Ixhill Hundred, contained two portions : the larger bounded on the north by
Essedene, on the east by Votesdone and Elesberie, and on the south and west by Oxfordshire ; and
the smaller (which comprised Eie, Estone, Ilmere, and Waldruge), situated southward from the
rest of the Hundred, and insulated by part of Elesberie on the north, was bounded on the cast,
by a small detached portion of Dustenburgh (now Desborough) Hundred, and by Risberge ; on the
south also by Risberge, and on the remainder of the south and west by Oxfordshire. The larger
portion contained eighty-six hides and a half, and the smaller detached portion seventeen hides
and five virgates, besides one hide and three virgates not assigned to any particular Lordship (but
supposed to belong to the small portion),' making a total of one hundred and five hides and a
half. Tichesele having been, from the earliest period, called Lxhill, under the varied orthography
of Ickeshulle, Yxhill, and Ixhull (which name it had certainly acquired before the time of Ed-
ward n.2) might seem to be incorrectly entered in Domesday Book (for that record being
compiled from returns made in writing, the remarkably clear and legible characters which dis-
tinguish that celebrated work are no proof of an infallible adherence to the orthography of the
originals,) if the initial letter by which the pronunciation is governed, had not been invariably
preserved in all the varieties of Tichesele, Tichesela, Tichessele, and Ticheshele : ^ however, no
portion of the Hundred now retains the appellation given to it in Domesday Book, whilst an
eminence immemorially called Ixhill, affords at least probability that the original name of the
ancient Hundred was thence derived.* The union of the old Hundreds is supposed to have
been eftected under a statute passed in the 9th of Edw. II. at the Parliament of Lincoln ; but
in a return made in the same year, their former appellations were preserved.
Brill, which included Boarstall, the former one of the J^illa Reg'ia, and both, after they were
separately described, called Forest Towns, became part of the modern Hundred; and Aston
Sandford, which had been surveyed in Burnham Hundred, was then likewise added to that insu-
lated portion of Ashendon which has been already mentioned ; so that twenty-four hides and a
half were annexed to this division of the County, in lieu of about twenty-three which were trans-
ferred to other Hundreds, and only a trivial difference was made in the superficial contents ; which,
after the union of the three Hundreds as well as before, approached so nearly to the average of one
hundred hides in each, as amounts almost to proof that the name of Hundred was originally
assigned in consecjuence of the number of hides contained therein.^
' Lib. Censual, vol. i. f. 153. ' Introduct. to Noni. Villar. ^ Lib. Censual. vol. i. f. 114. 149. 153. ' See O.vkley.
5 See an ingenious and industrious calculation respecting the Hundreds of Bedfordshire, in Gent. Mag. vol. xcviii.
part ii.pp. 100 — 102.
ASHENDON HUNDRED. 5
In the Agricultural Survey the Hundred of Ashendon is stated to contain 54,792 acres,' but
the data on which this calculation was founded seem to have been incorrect ; for which, however,
some allowance should be made ; and in those instances in which its errors can be corrected they
will be appropriately noticed in the account of the respective parishes.
The population of Ashendon Hundred in 1801, consisted of males 4762 ; females 4903 ; fami-
lies 2110; persons employed in agriculture 3676; in trade 588: Total 966^), inhabiting 1672
houses. In 1821 the total by one return 11,837, by another 12,003 ; males 6014, females 5989,
famihes 2723, houses 2244.
The three Hundreds of Ashendon are bounded on the north by Buckingham Himdred and the
Hundred of Cottesloe, on the east and part of the south by Aylesbury Hundred, and on the remain-
der of the south and the west by Oxfordshire ; containing thirty-one parishes, with twenty-
nine churches, and twenty-three hamlets, or subordinate vills ; whose relative situation is de-
picted in the accompanying map, in which it will be pen^eived that the detached portion of the
Hundred includes four of those parishes and two hamlets.
The Hundred of Ashendon is ecclesiastically included in the Diocese of Lincoln, Archdeaconry
of Bucks, and Rural Deanery of Waddesdon ; excepting only the churches of Grandborough (in
the peculiar jurisdiction of the See of London and Archdeaconry of St. Alban's), Towcrsey (a
member of Thame), and Quarrendon (a member of Bicrton), both in the peculiar jurisdiction of
the Dean and Chapter of Lincoln, and in the Rural Deanery of Wendover ; and Wotton Under-
wood, claiming exemption, as belonging to the metropolitan See of Canterbury.
The Courts of the Hundredors (or Lords of Hundreds) were by statute of Henry III. held
every three weeks, and so continued until 1340 (14 Edw. III.) when their jurisdiction (unless the
Hundred had been specially privileged) was united to the County, or Sheriff's Court,^ and the
Sheriffs were prohibited appointing Bailiffs or Hundredors, as "fermors" of those divisions of
their respective liberties for their pecuniary advantage ; ^ but the Hundreds were sometimes en-
trusted to particular persons, and granted out by the Crown upon divers considerations. The
two High Constables for each Hundred are appointed at the General Quarter Sessions of the Peace
by the magistrates of the county then assembled ; and the Petty Sessions for the Hundreds or
sub-divisions are held within the same, by the appointment of local Magistrates.
In 1598 (42 Eliz.) Nicholas Bosse and Edward Harte, gent. High Constables of Ashendon
Hundred collected, respectively, the former 131/. 0*. \\d. and the latter 70/. 16.«. 8f/. towards an
" assessment of the provision money for the service of beeves and muttons for her Majesty's most
honourable household." '^
In 1662 (14 Car. II.) the King granted to Robert Dormer, Esq. "the custody, or ffirm of
the three Hundreds of Ashendon, viz. Wadson, Ashe, and Yxhill (and also the three Hundreds of
Cottesloe, viz. Cottesloe, Erie, and Maresly) and the office of Steward and Bailiff of the aforesaid
Hundreds, with the execution of writs, holding of leets, &c. and the keeping, or farm, of all felons'
goods, chattels, &c. (excepting issues of courts of record, &c.) to hold the same by himself or
his deputy for thirty-one years at 28/. 6.y. per ann. and 6*. Sd. de increment." &c.5
In 1 665 the fee-farm rents of the Hundred of Ashendon, inter alia, were assigned by the same
King to his consort Queen Katherine in jointure.
• Priest's Agricultural Surv. p. 370. " Blackstone'a Com. : also Willis's Hand, of Buckingham, p. 3.
3 Stat. I* Edw. III. c. 9. ; Pickering, vol, i. p. 477. * Ancient Roll.
5 Rot. Pat, 14 Car. II. test. 15 Aug.
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
ASHENDON with POLICOTT.
AsHENDON, which imparts its name to the whole Hundred, affords no indication of having been
at any time of superior importance to the rest of the parishes comprised in this division of the
county, either on account of its extent, or the number of its inhabitants, but probably acquired
its distinction in consequence of its central and elevated situation, which might render it com-
modious for assembling the inhabitants of the district, and for other purposes to which a chief
station, or rendezvous, maybe supposed anciently devoted, whether of a civil or military kind:
Ashendon occupying the summit of a hill, conspicuous from many surrounding parishes, and at a
great distance on every side.
Ashendon, /Escesdune, Essedone, is conjectured to have derived its name from the nature
cf the wood with which this district abounded, being on the border of the forest of Bernwode,
mentioned by Bedc, Florilcgus, William of Worcester, and other early writers (and more particu-
larly described in the parochial history of Boarstall and Brill), and from don, an eminence, which
is characteristic of the situation of this village.
Ashendon is said to have jjcen the scene of a remarkable event in the early Saxon times ; for,
according to the account of Henry of Huntingdon, and other authorities on which Bishop Kennet'
thought himself justified in placing a reliance, here was made the agreement between Kenwalch
King of the West Saxons and his brother's son, Cuthrcd, by which the latter was to hold for his
province, or principality, all that part of the kingdom which lay northward from the river Thames.
Kenwalch having repudiated his Queen, who was sister of Penda King of Mercia, was by that
monarch, in consequence of the insult thus offered to his family,^ driven from his dominions ; and,
seeking an asylum with the King of the East Angles, was during his three years exile converted
to Christianity, and having been baptized (A. D. 648) was restored to his kingdom. By the
arrangement then made the extent of territory ceded to Cuthred was computed at three thousand
hides ; and contained as many villages. This grant was made at vEscesdune, which Kennet fixes
here at Ashendon, in the forest of Bernwode, which was included in his territory.^ In 661,
Ashendon and the adjacent country are said to have been plundered by Wulpher King of Mercia;
but no jKirtieulars, which can be relied upon, are preserved of that event. In 871 the Danes,
under Bagscy and Ilalden, after a whole day's conflict, were here defeated by King Ethelred
and Alfred his brother. In 905 the same enemies having recommenced their plundering, marched
through Mercia, committing great depredations.
In 921 they carried off many prisoners, and a large booty of cattle, between Aylesbury and the
forest of Bernwode ; ■* but a more remarkable battle is said to have been fought at Ashendon in the
next century. In 1016 Eadnoth, or Ednoth, who had been advanced from Ramsey Abbey to the
Bisho))ric of Dorchester, attending, as was the custom of the clergy of that gera, when his country-
men were engaged in a conflict with tli(! Danes, was slain in the battle of Ashendon, or Ashdown:
but as there has been some dispute respecting the identity of the place, so also great uncertainty
has prevailed in regard to the person. Ednoth, who had only the title of Prior of Ramsay until
after the death of Earl Ailwyn, the founder of that house, is, however, not to be mistaken for
another Ednoth, who, according to the Exchequer Register, was also chosen from amongst the
Paroch. Anti(i. vol. i. p. ;i9. "^ Bede's Hist. Eccles. lib. iii. c. 7.
Ilcn. IliintingtI. lib. ii. [>. :jl7; Kemiet's Parocli. Antiq. vol. i. p. 39. ' Chronic. Saxon.
ASHENDON with POLICOTT. ' 7
monks of the same convent, and elevated to the see of Dorchester some years afterwards. It was
the former, not the latter, who was slain at Ashdown ; but whether that place he the same with
Ashendon in Bucks, has not been determined. From its being included within the jurisdiction
of the prelates of that see (for Lincoln diocese had not then been taken out of it) some support
is given to the affirmative opinion. Ednoth is mentioned in the Chronicles of Chatteris
Abbey, to which foundation he was a bcnefoctor, as " vir in Christo famosus, et monasticae
religionis cultor egregius ; " ' and his death is described as having happened in the war between
King Edmund and Canute at Ashendon, where he was l)arbarously mangled and slain whilst
celebrating divine offices ; an intimation being given that the Danes were incited to destroy him
by the desire of plunder, as may be collected from their first cutting off his arm for the sake of
his gold ring or bracelet : ^ but, upon the whole, the evidence is too slender and incomplete to
identify Ashdown, where this battle was fought, with Ashendon in Bucks ; and Kennet's opinion
on this subject seems to be successfully opposed by Gibson, Somers, and other antiquaries, who,
supported by the authority of Roger Hoveden, have deprived this place of the fame of the battle,
and fixed its occurrence at Ashdown, in Essex.^ Buckinghamshire and the adjacent Counties
were ravaged about the period alluded to ; ^ and this appears to be the substance of all which
history has preserved for our information.
Ashendon, in the Conqueror's Survey, is mentioned distinctly from Policote, and in two parts.
The manor consisting of eight hides of land, and another estate (not denominated a manor) of
two hides. Policote (also separately surveyed) contained ten hides ; but by subsequent arrange-
ments Ashendon appears to have gained an increase, and Policote to have sustained a loss of about
equal extent : ^ for Ashendon, with its hamlets of Great and Little Policott, being bounded on
the north by Wotton-Underwood, on the east by Westcott in Waddesdon and Over-Winchendon,
on the south by a small portion of Nether- Winchendon, by Chearsley, and Chilton, and on the
west by Dorton ; contains about 2090 acres, of which 1150 are in Ashendon, 5G0 in Great Policott,
and 380 in Little Policott ; so that the difference between the two hamlets seems to have been
added to the township.
The soil is a stitF dark blue clay in the valleys, with strata of sand, limestone, brick-earth, and
rubble, in the hill ; and various loams.
The Manor, which before the Conquest was held by three hrothers, who had power to alienate
it, had been given to Walter GiffVu-d, a near relation and follower of King William, who, in reward
of his valour and services, also dignified him with the title of Earl of Buckingham.^ At the
Norman Survey it was rated at eight hides ; the land was sufficient for six ploughs ; ^ two
were kept in the demesnes ; and four villeins with four bordars employed four. There were two
servants, and pasture for six plough teams. Walter Giffard's feudatory tenant Richard, held under
him. The value w^as estimated at one hundred shillings in King Edward's time, at 41. when first
given to Walter Gift'ard, and 3/. at the compilation of Domesday Book.
' Bibl. Cotton, in Monastic. Anglic, vol. ii. p. 616.
' " Tandem vero martini gloria pro glorios^ conversatione decorandus, in bello quod fuit inter Edinundum Regem
et Canutum apud Assandun, dum raissam cantaret, a Danis Canuti sociis, prius dextia manu propter annulum amputate,
deinde toto corpore scisso, interfectus est." Ibid. ^ Roger Hoveden, f, 2,50, and Dug. Bar. torn. i.p. 18.
' Leland's Collect, vol. iii. p. 94 ; Wise's Letter to Dr. Mead, p. 19, and Farther Observations upon the White Horse,
&c.p. 11. 5 See Policott. ^ See Crendon.
■ " Terra Walterij Gifard. In Essedon Hd. GO'. In Assedone ten' llicard' de Walterio viii. hid' t'ra e vi car'. In
d'nio sunt ii. et iiii. uill'i cii iiii. bord' h'nt iiiior. car'. Ibi ii. serui et p'tu' vi. car'. In totis ualent' ual' iii. lib'. Qu'do
reeep' iiii. lib. t.r.e. c. sol. Hoc. 00' tenuer' iii. fr's et cui uoluer' uende' potuer'." Lib. Censual. vol. i. f. 147,
8 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
The Seigniory, or paramount Lordship, descended from Walter GifFurd in the same manner as
Crendon, and in the history of that parish is an enlarged account of his family and descendants.
After the death of Walter, second Earl of Buckingham, Ashendon passed to the Mareschals, Earls
of Pembroke ; ' and in default of male issue of five successive Earls, sons of William Mareschal
Earl of Pembroke, became vested in Joane, second of their five sisters and coheiresses, wife
of Warine de Monchensie, a Baron. He had by her one son called William, and a daughter,
Joane, who was married to William de Valence, half-brother of King Henry the Third. On
the decease of her brother William de Monchensie, whose daughter Dionysc claimed to be his
heir, William de Valence disputed her legitimacy ; and, together with his wife, the said Joane,
ultimately obtained the inheritance. William de Valence being a great favourite of the King, on
the death of the last of the Mareschals Earls of Pembroke, asserted the right of his wife to a share
of the lands of her ancestors. Valence was the son of Hugh le Brun, Earl of March, by Isabel,
widow of King John, and mother of Henry the Third, which illustrious connexion with the Sove-
reign, when he came into England in 1247, occasioned his inmiediatc preferment. He was ap-
pointed Governor of Goderich Castle, in Herefordshire," formerly belonging to Walter IMareschal,
Earl of Pembroke ; and in 1249 (34 Hen, IH.) having taken the cross preparatory to a journey
to the Holy Land, obtained the King's precept, empowering him ^ to distrain all persons who
were in possession of lands of the inheritance of Joane his wife, as cousin and one of the heirs of
the Earl of Pembroke, in order to compel the performance of suit and service to the county court
of Pembroke in the accustomed manner.'' In 1251 he had possessed himself of Ashendon,
for he then held his view of frankpledge and suit of court here, of the lands pertaining to the
Honour of Giftiird.^ In 1257 he was summoned to attend the King at Chester, to assist
in repelling an incursion of the Welsh ; but the discontents between the King and his Barons
daily increasing on account of the favours shown to certain foreigners (of whom this William
was one of the chief) he withdrew into France, which so nmch provoked his enemies, that they
seized William de Bussy, his steward,'' and imprisoned him in the Tower of London. Joane
thereupon becoming alarmed for her own safety, fled into France, and remained abroad
until 1260 (45 Hen. III.) when William de Valence returned to England in attendance
on the King, who was desirous of making terms with the factious nobles ; but they were so
much enraged by his bringing back this favourite, that they would not permit him to
land until he had sworn to observe the ordinances lately made at Oxford, in that assembly
which from the violence of its proceedings was in history subsequently known by the appel-
lation of the mad Parliament. Upon the flight of William de Valence beyond sea, his lands
were seized; but on due submission restored to him; and he had a formal pardon.' After-
wards he had a principal command at the battle of Lewes (48 Hen. III.) when, the King and
his son Prince Edward being taken prisoners, the Barons obtained a great victory, and William
de Valence, then styled Earl of Pembroke,^ with difliculty escaped, first to Pevensey, in Sussex,
and thence into France. His lands were again seized,^ and Joane his Countess, then pregnant,
was, with her family, ordered to quit her residence in Windsor Castle, and to retire to some con-
vent, or other place near at hand, until after her delivery. The King at length submitting to the
necessities of the times, his friends followed his example; and amongst them William de Valence
See CiiKNDoN. ' Hot. Pat. 31 Ilcn, III. ^ ciaus. 31- Hen. III. m. 13. ' Dugd. Bar. toin.
Hot. IhuKl. vol. i. p. 23. ' Matt. Pari.s, p. 981. ' Uot. Pat. 45 Hen. HI. m. 13.
Dugd. 15ar. toin. i. p. 775. = Rot. Pat. 48 Hen. III. m. 18.
ASHENDON with POLICOTT. 9
renewed his oath to observe the ordinances of the Barons ; whereupon he was permitted
to return to England : however, his attachment to the King being unabated, he joined the Earl
Warren in raising forces, and effected the liberation of his Sovereign and the restoration of the
royal authority by a complete victory over the Confederates at Evesham.
In 1275 (4 Edw. I.) the Regalia of Ashendon were in the possession of William de Valence,
Earl of Pembroke, who survived until the 25th of the same reign, when he was assassinated at
Bayonne.' Joane his widow had dowry in divers manors, and the residue of his estates descended
to Adomar de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, their only surviving son ; who, (1 Edw. II.) had
livery of those lands which his mother had held. He had been in great favour with Edw. I. from
whom he obtained many grants, but was engaged in an insurrection with Thomas Earl of Lan-
caster, and others, in the dispute with Piers de Gavestone ; and assisted in the siege of Scarbo-
rough, where that favourite was taken prisoner ; a fate which likewise awaited himself ; for on
his journey to Rome, in 1316 (10 Edw. II.) he fell into the hands of John Moilley, a Burgun-
dian, and was compelled to pay twenty thousand pounds for his ransom. In 1319 he was
constituted Warden of all the King's forests south of Trent ; ^ and about two years afterwards
attending Queen Isabel into France was there murdered, in consequence, as is affirmed, of
having been a partizan against the Earl of Lancaster, upon whom he pronounced the sentence of
death, and part of whose lands were given to him.^ His first wife was Beatrix, daughter of
Ralph Neal, Constable of France; his second a daughter of the Earl of Barr^, and his third Mary
de Chastillon, daughter of Guy Earl of St. Paul ; but having no issue, at his decease his estates
were divided, and part of them came to the descendants of his sister Isabel, wife of John de
Hastings Baron of Bergavenny, the King's Lieutenant in Aquitane.
John de Hastings, who died in 1312, left issue John his son and heir ; who was distinguished
as a military commander,'' and was Governor of Kenilworth Castle, in Warwickshire. He mar-
ried Juliana de Leyburn, a great heiress, daughter of Thomas de Lcyburn, of Kent, and died in
1324, Lawrence his son and heir being then about five years of age.^
Juliana his widow, in the first year of her widowhood was married, secondly, to Thomas
le Blount, a Baron, Governor of Drosslwyn Castle, in Wales, and steward of the King's house-
hold ; and in the beginning of the reign of Edward III. the King's cscheator in Norfolk was
commanded to render to him and Juliana his wife (formerly wife of John de Hastings) for her
dower, inter alia, certain lands in Ashendon, part of the purparty of the said John de Hastings,
her former husband, and in the King's hands by reason of the minority of the heir.*^ This
Juliana survived le Blount (who is supposed to have been killed in the Scottish wars) and
was married, thirdly, to William de Clinton, afterwards Earl of Huntingdon ; ^ who was entrusted
with the tuition of Lawrence de Hastings, his son-in-law, with an allowance out of the Exchequer
of two hundred marks per aim. for the support of the minor until he should come of age. When
> Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 776. ^ Rot. Pat. 13 Edw. II. m. 4. ^ Leland's Collect, vol. i. p. 682, and
Esc. 17 Edw. II. n" 75, Cal. vol. i. p. 312. < Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 576.
5 Ihid. and Rot. Claus. 19 Edw. II.
^ " R. Joh'i de Blomvill, Esc. in Com'. NorfF. &c. salt". Sciatis qJ de p'parte Joli" de Hastyngges def ' consanguin' et
un' heredum Adomarii de Valencia nup' Comitis Pembr' def qui, &c. et in nianu n'ra r'one minoris etatis p'd'ci Joh'is
existente, assignavinis Thome le Blount et Juliana ux' ejus quondam ux' p'd'ci Joh'is t'ras et ten' subscripta videlt. &c.
quasdam t'ras et quedam ten' cum p'lin' in Asshedon, que ad xxxs. &c. extendunt, h'end' in dotem ipsius Juliane, &c."
Rot Orig. Edw. III. ro. 28 ext. Claus. .Abb. vot. ii. p. 12.
■ Dugd. Bar. tom. 1. p. 576.
10 ' . ASHEXDON HUNDRED.
that period arrived the King, who had an especial favour for the said Lawrence de Hastings,
created him Earl of Pembroke, by reason of his descent from Isabel eldest sister and coheir of
Aymer de Valence, late Earl of Pembroke. > He attended the King in a naval expedition against
the French on the coast of Flanders, and behaved with great valour, and was also with Henrv of
Lancaster Earl of Derby, in Gascoigne ; but died in 1348, in his mother's life time ; leaving
by Agnes his wife, daughter of Roger Mortimer Earl of March, John his son and heir, an in-
fant.'- Agnes Countess of Pembroke soon afterwards became the wife of John de Hake-
luit, who, in 1355, obtained the custody of Pembroke Castle and other possessions of John
de Hastings during his minority, to himself the said John Hakeluit and Agnes Countess of
Pembroke his wife.^ Juliana Countess of Huntingdon, grandmother of John de Hastings the
young Earl of Pembroke, having survived her third husband, who died in 1354, bestowc^d great
gifts on St. Augustine's monastery in Canterbury, and by her testament dated 30th Oct. 1367,
bequeathed her body to be buried on the south side of the church there. She died on the 1st
of November in the same year, seised, inter alia, of this manor of Ashendon, which was part of
her dower settled upon her by her first husband John de Hastings.** It has been incorrectly
stated that this Juliana died without issue, or even heirs who could claim her estate : ^ but she
was succeeded in her possessions by her grandson,
John de Hastings, Earl of Peml)roke : who married first Margaret, daughter of King Edward
III. and secondly, in 1368, Anne daughter and at length heir to Sir Walter Manney, K. G. and
she being allied in blood to his former wife, a dispensation for this marriage was procured from
the Pope, at the expence of a thousand florins of gold.^ This Earl attended Prince Edward into
Aquitane, and continued abroad during several years. In 1369 he obtained the King's per-
mission to make a feoffment to Walter Amyas and others, of all his castles, manors, and lands
to certain uses; which feoffment during his absence remained sealed up in the hands of his
feoffees. In 1372 he was, at the especial request of the inhabitants of Aquitane, made Lieu-
tenant of that province, but held his government not long, being taken prisoner by the Spa-
niards, who treated him with great cruelty ; and after suffering imprisonment four years, he with
great difficulty procured his liberation through the intervention of the Constable of France,
who was to receive part of his ransom. He died in 1375, on his way from Calais, through
the effects of poison, said to have been given to him by certain Spaniards ; and his corpse
was brought to England and biuied in the choir of the Friars Preachers in Hereford, but after-
wards removed to the Grey Friars in London. By the feoffment before mentioned it appeared that
John late Earl of Pembroke had settled his town and Castle of Pembroke, in default of issue,
upon the King and his successors ; his Castle and Lordship of Bergavenny, on his mother's
sister's son William de Beauchamp in fee, on condition of his taking the arms of Hastings, and
endeavouring to obtain the title of Earl of Pembroke ; but if he shoidd decline so to do, then
on his kinsman William de Clinton, on similar conditions. Anne Countess of Pembroke, his
widow, died in 1383 ;7 and John de Hastings her son was slain in a tournament at Wood-
stock in 1389, leaving Philippa his wife surviving. She was the daughter of Edmund Mor-
timer, Earl of March, and was married, secondly, tp Richard Fitz Alan, Earl of Arundel, who
jxiid a fine of four hundred marks for espousing her without the King's license. The Earl of
3 Edw. III. ' Esc. 22 Echv. III. n° IT, Cal. vol. ii. p. 144. ^ Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 57
^ Harris's History of Kent, p. 113. '' Ibid. p. 577.
II. no G7, Cal. vol. iii. p (jl.
Pat.
13 Oct.
II). p
. 5'yi.
Esc.
7 Kic. I
ASHENDON with POLICOTT. 11
Arundel was afterwards admitted to the possession of his wife's dowry settled upon her by her
first husband ; but, disputes having arisen respecting the inheritance of the Earls of Pembroke, it
was found by one inquisition, that John de Hastings, Earl of Pembroke, died seised of a toft,
forty acres of land, two acres of meadow, and five of pasture in Ashendon :' and by another
in 1391, that Reginald de Grey, Chivaler, Rich. Talipot, Chival. John le Scrope, and others,
were seised of the manor of Ashendon, and of a toft and forty acres of land hcre.2 However,
Richard Earl of Arundel continued to hold Ashendon in right of his wife, until his tragical
death in 1397, when being convicted of high treason, notwithstanding he pleaded the King's
pardon, he was adjudged to be " drawn, hanged, his bowels ript out and burnt, and then to
be beheaded and quartered "^ and although this terrible sentence was mitigated to decapitation
only, he was executed according to the disgusting and barbarous fashion of those times, in the
presence of the King and his Court, in Cheapside, London ; the horror of the scene being aggra-
vated bv the scandalous inhvmianity of Thomas Mowbray, Earl INIarshal of England (the Earl's
son-in-law), who assisted in binding up his father's eyes."* Amongst the Knights' fees of which
Richard Earl of Arundel died seised, was this Manor of Ashendon.^ Philippa his widow, was
married, thirdly, to Thomas de Poynlngs, Baron St. John, and at her decease, in 1400, was
seised of one toft and forty acres of land here.'' She was buried in Boxgrave Priory, in Sussex:
her last husband. Lord St. John, having by his will ordered his remains to be interred on the
north side of the tomb of this Lady Philippa sometime Countess of Arundel and Pembroke his
wife.'
Amongst the claimants of the inheritance of the families of Valence and Hastings, Earls of
Pembroke, was Reginald de Grey, son of Reginald, son of Elizabeth daughter of John de
Hastings by Isabel his wife, sister of Adomar, Earl of Pembroke ; who, in 1409 (11 Hen. IV.)
was adjudged to be the right heir ; but no account is discovered amongst the inquisitions taken
after the death of either of his descendants, or of any of his family, which identifies Ashendon
with their possessions. Sir Edward Hastings, who was descended from John Lord Bergavenny,
by his second wife Isabel, daughter of Hugh le Despenser, Earl of Winchester, was another
claimant, but his right was denied, and he was prohibited using the arms of Hastings. The
third claimant was Sir Richard Talbot, Knt. (son of Gilbert, son of Elizabeth daughter of Joane
de Valence sister of the before-mentioned Isabel, and coheiress of Adomar Earl of Pem-
broke,)^ who was found by an inquisition to be one of the heirs of John de Hastings, Earl of
Pembroke ; and uniting the possession of this estate with that of the manor of Great Policott in
this parish, they both subsequently descended in the manner related in the account of that
hamlet: until having been forfeited to the Crown by the attainder of Edward Stafford, Duke of
Buckingham, in the reign of Henry VIII. they were granted to the family of Palmer.
John Palmer, of Piddington, in Oxfordshire, held an estate at Boarstall in the reign of
Richard II. Thomas Palmer, of Wotton, probably his son, was hving in 139(3 (19 Ric. II.) and his
name, and that of Joane his wife, occur in a fine then passed. Thomas Palmer, Esq. (whether their
descendant or a more distant relation, is not known) had a grant of Great Policott from King
Henry VIII. in 1522, which was renewed in 1527, in fee, to Henry Palmer his son; and in the
■ Esc. U Ric. II. no ISi. Cal. vol. ii. p. 141. = Ibid. 15 Ric. II. n" 179, Placit. inter eos, Cal. vol. iii. p. 150.
3 Dugd. Bar. torn, i.p. 578. ^ lb. ii. p. 319. ' Esc. 21 Ric. II. n» 6, Cal. vol. iii. p. 225.
* Esc. 2 Hen. IV. no Si, Cal, vol. iii. p. 276. ' Dug. Bar. torn. ii. p. 137.
* See Pedigree of Talbot.
12 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
reisn of Klne; Jaincs, Mr. Palmer's old and new inclosures in Ashendon and Policott were returned
in the survey of 1020, as of the annual value of 410/.' This estate, according to Willis, was at
the beginning of the last century in the possession of Sir Thomas Palmer, who, in 1714 "held
the manor of Ashendon under the Lord Alington by Knight's service and the payment of 30/.
per aiuntm." It was subsequently conveyed, with other lands, &c. of the Palmers, to Richard
Grenville, Esq. of Wotton ; notwithstanding the account delivered by Lysons, who mentions this
manor as having " belonged from time immemorial to the Grenville family,"^ and as being one
of " the manors which have descended from about the commencement of the 12th century to
their lineal representative," Richard Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, K. G. who is Lord of the
manor of Ashendon cum Policott, In virtue of the purchase made by his ancestor Richard Gren-
ville, Esq. as before mentioned.
Mesne Lords. Richard, the subfeudatory tenant in Ashendon, under Walter GifFard, at the
time of the Norman survey, living before the counnon use of surnames afforded a distinction by
•which his family might be ascertained, can only be conjectured the progenitor of one of the several
possessors subsequently connected with this place, without any positive proof to which of the
respective families of its ancient lords he was allied.
In the reign of Henry III. William Gulye, or Golye, acquired lands here by a fine passed
between him and Roger de Liitegarshall and Juliana, his wife ;^ and Golye, afterwards was deno-
minated Forester in fee, of all the woods in the forest of Bernwode, pertaining to the Honour of
Giftard, holding one hide of land, by Serjeanty, of that Honour, and one hide in right of his office
of Forester.
The name of St. Andrew occurs in connexion with Ashendon at a still earlier period ; but, as
part of the estate of this family was held under the Argenteins, who possessed the intermediate
seigniory under the Honour of Giffard, in which these lands were included, it may be proper to
give some account of these Argenteins.
Giles dc Argentein held one knight's fee, and forty shillings rents here in 1254 (39 Hen. III.)
■jfh'wh were then in the hands of Thomas de St. Andrew, his subfeudatory.^ He was the son of
Sir Richard dc Argentein, Knt. Steward of the King's Household, and held an estate in Claydon ;'''
as did also Thomas dc Argentein, perhaps his younger son, and certainly his contemporary. Sir
Richard, tlie father, was one of the witnesses to Magna Charta : made a pilgrimage to the Holy
Land: and died in 1246.'' Sir Giles succeeded his father in his Hertfordshire estates, was
in the wars of Henry III. in Wales and Gascoigne, Governor of Windsor Castle, and, being
one of the confederate Barons, was, after the capture of the King at the battle of Lewes, elected
one of those nine counsellors appointed to govern the realm. Whether during the enjoyment of
this authority he obtained possession of lands belonging to the opposite party, or succeeded to
his father's estate here, is unknown ; but when the power of the barons was afterwards re-
duced, his possessions, and those of Reginald his son, were seized by the Crown. They were,
however, probably restored to him; for by an Inquisition in 1282 (11 Edw. I.) he was foimd to
have died seised of considerable estates, leaving Reginald, his son and heir, forty years of
age. Margery his wife, daughter and co-heir of Sir Robert Aguillon, Knt. survived him, and
■ Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon. vol. iv. ' Mag. Brit. vol. i. p. 467, 4.99. = Rot. Fin. 25 Hen. III.
■• Hot. Hund. 39 Hen. HI. vol. i. p. 23. -'' Thorn' de S'co Andrea tenet quandam partem ejusdem ville (Essedone)
de D'no Egid' de Argentein, faciendo serviciam unius militis red'o xl. sol'dos pr an. Hot. Hund. 39 Hen. HI. vol. i. p. 23.
'■ Test, de Nevill, p. 257. ' Esc. 30 Hen. HI. no. 16 Cal. vol. i. p. 4. Test, de Nevill, p. 257. Clutterbuck's
Herts, vol. ii. p. 538.
ASHENDON with POLICOTT. 13
was married secondly to Jordan de Sackville.' Reginald de Argentein died in 1307 (1 Edw. II.)
seised of this estate ; and left by Lora, daughter of Hugh de Vere, fourth Earl of Oxford, John
de Argentein, his son and heir,^ who was knighted ; and, although this estate is not particularized
in the Inquisition then held, it is expressly included in another, in 1348, after the death of John
de Argentein, his son, who died seised of " forty shilling rents in Assedone, pertaining to the
" Manor of Wihnunderley parva," and of " the Manor of Ashendon, held in fee."^ John de Ar-
gentein married first, Joane, daughter and heir of Sir Roger Bryan, Knt.,'* and had three daughters,
co-heiresses of their mother ; and secondly, Agnes,^ daughter and co-heir of William Bereford,
by whom he had John, his only son and heir. This John inherited the estate, and married Mar-
garet, daughter and heir of Robert d'Arcy, of Stretton, by whom he had three daughters ; and
died in 1382 (6 Rich. II.) leaving Margaret his wife surviving, who in the next year died, seised
of forty shillings rents, in this Manor. Another John Argentein died in 1424 (3 Hen. VI.)
possessed of rents of the like amount, " issuant out of the Manor of Esshendon, parcel of the
Manor of Little Wymondley in Herts." He was the son or grandson of Sir William de Ar-
gentein, Knt. natural son of Sir John de Argentein, and had obtained the family estates in
default of legitimate issue male of his father; and John Argentein dying unmarried, his
property came to his two sisters, Joane, wife of Robert Alington, who died in 1428, and Eliza-
beth, wife of William Alington, Esq., and, after their decease, descended according to the annexed
pedigree : and long after the manor and principal estate had been purchased by the family of
Grenville, the payment of a quit rent of forty shillings per ann. was made for these lands to the
Lord Alington, as possessor of the Manor of Wymondley, in Hertfordshire, which had devolved
to him from the Argenteins as therein expressed.
PFDIGREE OF ARGENTEIN.
From Coles's MSS. Clutteibuck's Herts. Weever's Funer. Mon. Bloomfield's Norfolk, &c.
Arms. Gules, three covered cups Argent.
Sir David Argentein, temp. Will. l.=p
Sir Reginald de Argentein, founder of a Chapel at Wymondley before 1139, bur. at Boldock, co. Herts.^MAUD, 5 Steph.
I '
John de Argentein, Knight, temp. Step.=pELLEN, dan. and heiress of Guy Fitz-Tecon.
Reginald de Argentein, Sheriff of Camb. and Hunts. 6 Ric. 1. Essex and Herts. 9 Ric. 1. living (l Hen. 3.) 1216.=^.
Sir Richard de Argentein, Knight, Sheriff nf Essex and Herts. 8 Hen. 3. Camb. and Hunts. Steward of the King's=pCASSANDRA, dau. of Robert I'lsle.
Household, 11 Hen. 3. died 1246-. [Esc. 30. Hen. 3. n. 16. Cal. vol. i. p. 4. Testa de Nevill, p. 257.] |
Sir Giles de Argentein, Knight, prisoner in Wales, 16 Hen. 3 ; attended the King in=f Margery, dau. and coh. of Sir Robert Aguillon, Knt.
Gascoigne, 47 Hen.3 ; Governor of Windsor Castle ; seised of lands m Asliendon, i. 1282. I mar. 2dly to Jordan de Sackville.
[Esc. 1 1. Ed. 1. n. 19. Cal. vol. 1. p. 79.] |
Reginald de Argentein, summoned to Parliament, 25 Edw. 1. d. 1307.=pLoRA, dau. of Hugh de Vere, 4th Earl of Oxford, sister of Robert,
[Esc. 1 Edw. 2. n. 4 1. Caleud. vol. i. p. 227.] | Earl of Oxford, mar. 1265, bur. at the White-Friars, Norwich.
Blomefield's Norfolk, vol. i. p. 555. Clutterbuck's Herts, vol. ii. p. 54.1. '^ Esc. 1 Edw. II. no. 41. Cal. vol.
Esc. 12 Edw. II. no. 43. Cal. vol. i. p. 291. * Clutterbuck's Herts, vol. ii. p. 217.
Called Anne by Dugdale, torn. 1. p. 615, and Agnes, torn. 2, p. 192.
14 ASHENDOX HUNDRED,
il heiress of=pJoiiN ul Argentein, liad livcrv of liis iiihc-rltanct^AGNES, dau. and coh. of William Berefon
^, Knight. I 1 Edw. 2.; d. 1-2 Ediv. 2
Ashendon.
JoASE, mar. to Elizabeth, mar. to Dionvse, Sin John Argentein, Knt. onlv son and heir, six=pM
Sir John Bote- Sir William Bote- unmar- months old at his father's death ; d! 1392. | D'Arcy
ler, Knight. lor. Knight. ried. =p
vcrv of his iiihc-rltanct^AGNES, dau. and coh. of William Bereford ; mar. 2dlv, to Sir
1 of fees in the manor of John de Nereford ; and 3dlj, to Sir John de Mal'travers,
I Knt. temp.Edw. 3.
six=pMARGA " ■
D'Arcy
I vidua.
Sir William Argentine, Knight, d. 6 Hen..5 i^^^Isabella, dau. of Barth. Nau-=pJoane, Baldwin=pAlice. Sir Ivo Fitz-=^Maud, coh. of
Lord of Great Wymondley, Herts. ; Sherlfif of I William de Kcr- ton, ob. v.p. I mort. St. I Warise, Knt. I her father.
Norfolk- and Suffolk, 17 Rie. 2. | deston. | 1382. George. | | [Esc. 6. R. 2.]
John .\rgen-=j= Margaret, grand-dau. and coh. of Baldwin St. George, grandson
TINE. I John de Argentein. [Esc. 6'. Rlc. 2.] and coh. of John de Argentein.
John Argentine, Rouert Aling-^Joan, sister and coh. William Alington, Esq. Sheriff of Camb.=pELizABETH, eld. sister and coheli
d. 1-122, s. p. TON. d. 7 Hen. 6. s. p. and Hunt. 16" & 1!) Hen. B. d. 38 Hen. C. | bur. at Horsehcath, co. Camb.
nd Hunt.:^MARY, dan. and
I Fen Ditton, co.
;lizabetii, dau. of William Wentworth,=pSiR William Alington, Knt. Sheriff of Camb. and Hunts.=ELiZABETii, dau.ofWi
sq. of Cobhani Hall, Essex. j 17 Ed. -1. killed at the battle of Bosworth, 1 Hen. 7. Sapcoates.
nd heir of Sir Richard Garde)
Ursula, dau. of Sir Robert=pSm Giles Alington, Knt. Sheriff of Carah.=f Alice, dau. and heir of John Myddle-=MARGARET, dau. of John .4.
Drury, Knt. of Halstead, co. I and Hunt. 22 & 37 Hen. 8. d. 22 Aug. 1586, 1 ton, esq., icidow of Tho. Elrlngton, esq. Tallakerne, esq., widow of
Suffolk, d. 1522. I EEt. 8C, bur. at Horseheath. | bur. 20 Sept. lob's, at Horseheath. Thomas Argali, Esq.
Robert Alington, Esq. d. 22 May 1552.^Margaret, dau. of William Coningsby, Just. K.B.
;.=pMARGARET, dau. of Sir John Spencer, Knt.of Althorpe,
I Northampton; mar. 2dly, to Edw. Eldrlngton, Esq.
Sir Giles Alington, Knt. 1 1 Mav, IfiO,), great grandson and heir of=T^DoROTHY Cecil, dau. of Thomas Earl of Exeter;
Sir Giles, b. 1572, d. 1633. Sheriff of Camb. and Hunt. 41 Eliz. | d. 10 Nov. 1613, bur. at Horseheath.
William Alington, 4th son, cr. 28 July 1642, (17 Car.4.)=pELizABETH, eldest dau. of Sir Lionel Tollemache, Bart.; mar. 2dly, to the Hon.
Baron Alington, of co. Cork, d. lG4S,'bur. at Horseheath. | Sir Wm. Compton, Knt. third son of Spencer Earl of Northampton 1 d. 1(,'73.
Giles, 3d Lord .\ling-
HlLDE-
ton, bap. 20 Oct. IfiSO,
brand.
d, IS Sep. 160 1.
oh. s, p.
Catherine, dau. of Henry Lord=WiLLiAM, 2d Lord Alington, cr. Baron^rJui-iANA Noel, dau. of=pDiANA, dau. of William Russel, 1st Duke of
Stanhope, son and heir to Philip 1st Alington, of Wymondley, 5 Dec. 35 | Baptist, Viscount Cam- I Bedford, widow of Sir Greville Verney, Kt.
EarlofChe5terfield,d.Nov.l6G2,s.p. Car. 2. d. 1. Feb. 1{J84. ^.den, d. 1684. j mar. 1701.
- Catherine, sister and ooh. of Giles, and niece and coh. of Diana, sister and coh. b. 1676 ; mar.
Hildebrand Lord Alington, of Ireland; mar. 28 Aug. 1694, 1 8 June, 1 700, to Sir Geo. Warburton,
2. to Sir Nathaniel Napier, Knt., and Bart. ; d. 13 April 1727. Bart. ; d. 17 June 170S, bur. at LiUey,
The faniilv of St. Andrew possessed lands here in the reign of King John, if not earlier ; for
Thomas de St. Andrew, in a dispute with Richard de Greinville, in 1213, recovered common
of pasture in Wotton, pertaining to his freehold in Ashcndon ; ' and in 1234 (19 Hen. III.)
Henry de St. Andrew paid two marks scutage for a knight's fee here, held in his demesne of
Jilareschal's portion of the Honour of Giffard.^ The tenure of Henry de St. Andrew in Essendon,
IS also described as of the Honour of Crendon, held under Walter Marcschal, Earl of Pembroke.''
In 1267 John de St. Andrew passed a fine of "messuages and lands in Assyndou," which he
granted to Isabel Ciidrel, or Cowdray for life.''
Que p'tinct ad lib'm tenemcntu' suu" in Essendon. I'lacit. 15>loh. lo. 16 in dorso, Abbrcv. p. 92.
Cardi|:i;n .MSS. in the possession of the Countess dc Grey, at Wrest, co. Bedf. •• Test, de Nevili, pp. 247, 2.5.3.
Hot, rin.52 Hen. III.
ASHENDON with POLICOTT. 15
Amongst the estates of this family no mention is made of the Manor of Ashendon, but in
1317 (11 Edw. II.) this manor was passed by fine between John de Graunt, and Thomas de St.
Andrew, and settled on the said Thomas and the heirs of his body, with remainder to John,
son of Walter de St. Andrew, remainder to Walter, son of Thomas de St. Andrew. ' Thomas de
St. Andrew, the grantee, died in 1335 (9 Edw. III.) seised of fees in Eschedon Manor, ^ and in
1343, a fine was passed between William de Edyndon, Clk, and Thomas, son of Nicholas Ferm-
band, and Egidia his wife, of the manor of Ashendon, which Egidia granted to the said Thomas
Fermband, with remainder to William de Edyndon and his heirs. ^ In 1363 Thomas, son of
Thomas Fermband, released all his rights in this manor to Sir Richard de la Vache, Knt. and his
heirs ;"* and in the same year " Sir Richard de la Vache, of Bigenhall, in the parish of Burcester," co.
Oxon, obtained a grant of free warren in all his demesne lands here. ^ In 1377 a fine was passed
of the manor of Ashendon and other estates, between Philip de la Vache, chevalier, and Elizabeth
his wife, querents, and Robert Fulmere, clerk, and Thomas Brooke, clerk, deforcients, which
Fulmere granted to Philip de la Vache, and Elizabeth, and the heirs of their bodies : remainder
to the heirs of the body of Philip : remainder to William Molcyns, chevalier, and his heirs :^ and
in 1386 another fine of the same estates between Philip de la Vache, chevalier, and Elizabeth his
wife, querents, and John de Cobeham, of Kent, chevalier, Richard Aberbury, chevalier, William
de Neville, chevalier, Lodowic de Cliftbrd, chevalier, (nephew of Elizabeth de la Vache, and
husband of the daughter of Sir William Moleyns) Robert de Chereton and Thomas Brook, clerks,
deforcients, as the right of John de Cobeham, who granted this manor, &c. to Philip and Eliza-
beth la Vache, and the heirs of their bodies, with remainder to the heirs of the body of Phihp :
thus barring the entails before created. Sir Philip dela Vache was one of the Knights for Buck-
inghamshire in Parliament in 1387, (11 Rich II.) and had estates at Shenley and Chalfont St.
Giles.''' He married one of the daughters of Sir Lodowic Cliftbrd, K. G. who in his testament
bequeaths to "Sir Phylippe la Vache," Knt. his "Masse Book and Porhoos," and to "his wyf"
(who was the testator's daughter) his "Book of Tribulacion."^ Sir Philip la Vache died in 1407,
and Margaret, his sole daughter and heir, carried many of his possessions to the family of Grey
of Wilton by her marriage. ^ Her first husband was Richard Lord Grey de Wilton, who dying
in 1442, she was married secondly to Thomas Lord Grey, of Rugemont, and died in 1451 ;'o
but, as this estate does not occur in the incpiisition taken after the death of either of the Lords
Grey her husbands, or of their descendants, it is conjectured to have been alienated in her life
time."
In the beginning of the reign of Henry IV. the family of James of Boarstall held an estate here,
and a fine was passed in 1400 of lands in Ashendon (between Robert James, Richard Browne,
and William Jordan, querents, and John Glover and Joanc his wife, deforcients) then conveyed to
James; and another soon afterwards, between " James, Browne, and Jurdan," with John Stotvyle,
of a messua2;e and lands as the risrht of Robert James. '-
' Rot. Fin. 11 Edw. II. ' Esc. 9 Edw. III. n. 40. Cal. vol. ii. p. 66. ^ Rot. Fin. 17 Edw. III.
* Rot. Claus. 37 Edw. III. n. 12. = Dodsworth's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon, vol. 79, f. 57. Kennefs Paroch.
Antiq. vol. ii. p. 135. Rot. chart. 37 Edw. III. n. 2. Cal. p. 184. •= Rot. Fin. 1. Ric. 2. no. 24.
' See Shenley and Chalfont St. Giles and Pedigree of Vache.
' Regist. March, p. 56. in Prerog. Court of Canterbury. See also Dugdale's Bar. torn. i. p. 341. Collins's Peerage,
vol. iv. p. 197. » See Chalfont. '° Esc. 30 Hen. VI. no. 12.
" Dugdale, in his account of the family of Grey, does not mention the marriage of this lady.
'■' Rot. Fin. 2 Hen. IV.
10 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
In 1430 (9 Hen. VI.) a fine was passed of a messuage and lands in Ashendon and Wotton
between Peter Fettiplace, William Wyke, clerk, and John Pontelow, clerk, querents, and Robert
Trethref and Joane, bis wife deforcients, tbe right of Peter Fettiplace, ' and in the same year
another fine of messuages and lands, between John Bucktofte, Richard Evershaw, William Bates,
and Thomas Saunders, querents, and John Aleyn and Agnes his wife, deforcients; the right of
John Bucktofte 2 as also of property similarly described, about two years afterwards, between
John Bucktofte, William Bates, and Thomas Eliot, querents, and Edmund Fyshe and Alice his
wife, deforcients.^
All the lands which remained in the possession of John Bucktot " in the town and fields of
Ashendon," were in 1450 (29 Hen. VI.) conveyed together with his manor of Little Policott, to
Lincoln College Oxford. The family of Saunders continued to hold lands here, until the
beginning of the reign of King James I. and were contemporary possessors with the Palmers and
Winchcombes,^ which latter derived their estate from the family of Fawconer.
William Fawconer, of Ashendon, married Elizabeth daughter of John Cheyne, Esq. of Drayton-
Beauchamp, by Margaret his wife daughter of Robert Ingleton of Thornton, by whom he had
one son William Fawconer of Laverstokc, co. Wilts, who married Jane daughter of Henry
Uvedale, Esq. of More Critchill, co. Dorset, and dying 1st Dec. 1(509, at the age of 84 years,
was buried here. He had two daughters, Anne (with whom was born a twin, baptized by the
name of Henry, but who died in infancy) and Editha, who was married to Sir John Webbe,
Knt. of Canford, co. Dorset, and Odstoke, co. Wilts, as his first wife; but died without issue.
Anne the elder became the wife of Benedict Winchcombe, Esq. of Noke, co. Oxon, who died 20th
May 1023, also without issue, leaving the said Anne a widow, who held the estate which had
belonged to her family here, and dying 20th Aug. 1030, was buried at Ashendon ; where Thomas
Hall her nephew (younger brother of Benedict Hall, nephew and sole executor of Benedict
Winchcombe, Esq. husband of Anne Fawconer) erected a monument to her memory. But, as
Mr. Winchcombe is mentioned in the assessment in 1598 for the " provision of beeves and
muttons, for the Queen's Household," it may be presumed that the lands of the Fawconers had
been settled upon his wife at the time of their marriage : her father William Fawconer surviving
until 1009. The lands which Benedict Winchcomb held here in 1020, were rated in the
survey then made at 100/. per ann.
PEDIGREE OF FAWCONER.
Arms. Sab. three Falcons Erm. beaked and legged Or. CreA. On a wreath : a Falcon rising Erm. his neck wreathed Sab. and Or.
jANEBRAnsHAW,grandmother=j=.... William Fawkoner or Falconer, of Ashen.=pELizABETH, dan. of John Cheyne, Esq. of Diavton Beau-
of Benedict Winchcombe, bur. don (called Richard by Willis, in Pedigree 1 champ, by Margaret his wife, dau. of Robert Ingleton, of
at Noke, CO. Oxon. of Cheyne). | Thornton.
Thomas WiNCH-=p. ... William Fawconer,
COMBE. 1 84, bur. at Ashendon.
of Laverstokc, co. Wdts. d. 1 Dec. IfiOi), a-t.=pjANE, dau. of Henry Uvedale, Esq. of
1 More-Critchill, co. Dorset.
W,LL,AM=PMaRV. liENEOICT W.NCHCOMBE, =AnnE,
Hall, Esq. of Noke, co. Oxon. d. coh. d.
Esq. 20 May 1U23, s. p. bur. at 1630, ;i
Noke. at Ash
dau. and Henrv Fawco- Ei.i-=Str John Webbe, Knt.=rCATHERiNE, dau. of Sir
2« Aug. NER, t«in with TiiA, ofOldstoke, CO. Wilts, and Thomas Tresham, Knight,
et.li-p.bur. Anne, immatur. ob. Canford, Dorset, knighted of Rushden, co. North-
endon. mort. s. p. 1 Jac. I. ampton.
Beneukt Hall, eldest Tho.mas Hawles, or qu. Hall,
son, lu-.r, an.l side exe- set up a monument at Ashen-
cutor of li.s uncle. Bene- don, for his aunt Anne Winch-
diet Winchcombe. combe, in \U:i2.
Sir John VVebbe,=pMary, dau. of Sir John Carryl, Tho- Sib William Webbe,=P
Bart. (cr. 20. Car. Knight, of Harting, co. Sus- mas Knt. Major-General
1.) d. 1680, bur. sex, sister of John Carryl, esq. oh. temp. Car. 1 . of Mot-
at Odstoke. who married A/ar^ ZJormtT. coel. combe, co. Dorset.
Webbe, ofOdstock, CO. Wilts.
Rachel, dau. and heir, mar. to Sir John
Croke, Knt. of Chilton, as his second wife.
■ Rot. Fin. 9 Hen. VI.
' Ibid. ' lb. 11 Hen. VI. ^ See pp. 5, 11.
ASHENDON with POLICOTT. 17
By an indenture dated oth March, 1672, (24 Car. II.) Francis Turner, D.D. Master of St.
John's College, Cambridge, and others, for the consideration money therein expressed, " conveyed
divers pieces of pasture and meadow land, called the Sheepwalk, Landhurst Mead Close, Sheep-
cote Close, Oxley's Mead, Cow-pasture-hill (subject to certain common rights claimed by farmers
in Ashendon), Haynes's Hill-leys, or Hill-foot, with divers yard lands of arable meadow, ley
ground, &c. in the manor and parish of Ashendon, to Richard Grenville, Esq. of Wotton, from
whom this estate descended to Richard Grenville, Esq. his grandson, by whom under the provi-
sions of an Inclosure Act passed in 1737 (11 Geo. II.) part of the lands so purchased were ex-
changed with the rector and scholars of Lincoln College ' for other lands here : and of the residue,
Landhurst Mead Close, the Hanger, Old-wears, and other lands, containing about 130 acres,
were settled (inter alia) in dower, by Richard Grenville, Esq. the purchaser, on Eleanor his wife,
daughter of Sir Peter Temple, Knt. of Stowe, which, after the death of the said Richard Grenville,
she held during her widowhood; and dying in 1752, the same is presumed to have become
merged in the inheritance of the principal estate, and descended to his Grace Richard, Duke of
Buckingham and Chandos, K.G. the present possessor.
Honour of Wallingford. — Another estate in Ashendon was at the Domesday survey held
by Milo Crispin, whose subfeudatory tenant was Wichine.
This consisted of two Hides. There were two ploughs, and two carucates of land in the hands
of three bordars : pasture for two teams : the value always thirty shillings, and the same in King
Edward's days, when the possessor could sell it.^
Milo Crispin, one of the Conqueror's followers, had a grant of divers manors in the Counties
of Berks, Wilts, Surrey, Gloucester, Beds, Bucks, and Oxford. In this County he enjoyed twenty-
eight lordships ; ^ of which these lands in Ashendon formed a small part : but, as his possessions
subsequently acquired peculiar distinction, and the tenants of himself and his successors were pri-
vileged in an especial manner, a more particular account of his family seems necessary, to enable
the reader to refer from the notices of Milo Crispin's estates in other parishes, to the following
particulars of this eminent person: and of the Honour of Wallingford.
King William gave to him in marriage, Maud sole daughter and heir of Robert D'Oyley, a great
Baron, who had shared largely in the conquered lands. Robert D'Oyley built the Castle of Ox-
ford, having obtained immense wealth by the inheritance of Aldith his wife, sole daughter of
Wigo de Walingford, a man of great influence, who by a well-timed submission to the Norman
Duke, preserved his estates during his life, and secured to his daughter the enjoyment of the
inheritance. Maud the daughter of Robert D'Oyley, becoming the wife of Milo Crispin, Walling-
ford Castle, the head of the barony, was made his chief seat, and he had the same privileges which
had belonged to its ancient possessors. Wigo de Walingford, grandfather of Maud, came out to
meet the Conqueror, and delivered up to him, voluntarily, the possession of his town and Castle
of Walingford, which had been a place of importance, even from the time of the Romans. Wigo
splendidly entertained the Conqueror, until Archbishop Stigand and other adherents of Edgar, had
submitted to the new Sovereign, and it is said that the aUiance between his daughter Aldith and
Robert D'Oyly was an affair of policy, by which the Saxons were propitiated, and the followers of
the Conqueror at the same time rewarded. Wigo died soon afterwards : Robert D'Oyly did not
' See Little Policott, p. 32.
' Terra Milonls Crispin. " In Assedune ten' Wichin' de Milone ii hid. T'ra e ii. car' et ibi sunt cu' iii. bord.
p'tu' ii. car' Val. et valuit se'p. xxx. sol. Istemet tenuit T. R. E. et uende' potuit. Lib. Censual. torn. i. f. 150.
3 lb. Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 49.
D
18 ASHEXDON HUNDRED.
long survive ; and Maud, his daughter, having in right of her mother succeeded to this inheritance,
became the wife of Milo Crispin.
In 1107, Milo lying sick at Walingford, gave lands at Colnbrook to Faritus Abbat of Abingdon,
and his successors, as a reward for good offices done to him by the Abbat, but whether as a l)hysi-
cian (as some say) or as a divine may be dou])tful, but prol^ably the latter, for he died in the same
year.' Maud his widow held the Castle and Honour of Walingford, and about 1113 (13 Hen. I.)
was married, secondly, to Brien Fitz Count, another great lord who is reputed a natural son of
Alan Tergant Earl of Britanny and Richmond, by Lucia, daughter of Dru de Baladon, Lord of
Overwent in Wales -.^ but he has been likewise called a descendant of Baldwin de Redvers Earl of
Devonshire.^ However, it is certain that he acquired with Maud, widow of Milo Crispin, all the
lands which she inherited from her ancestors. In 1140 he bravely defended his castle against
King Stephen, but was at length compelled to come to an agreement, and paid 166/. for the
office of Constable of Walingfoid, and part of the estate of Nigel D'Oyley, brother of the deceased
Robert.'' Brien Fitz Count faithfully adhered to the Empress Maud, and assisted her in besieging
the Castle of Winchester, when the bishop had deserted from her to King Stephen ; and, the
forces of Maud being repulsed, he attended her to Devizes, and thence to Oxford : and his castle
there being attacked by the King, Fitz Count eftcctcd his escape, assembled his confederates at
Walingford, and resolved to afford assistance to the Empress, who, fearing the dangers of delay,
crossed the country in disguise (in a white habit, in the night, when the ground was covered with
snow) and arrived safely at Walingford Castle, then her principal garrison, where she successfully
resisted the attacks of Stephen, until a formidable army had been raised for her rehef. In 1153,
when the troops of the rival Princes were on the eve of an engagement, an agreement being
effected between the Empress and Stephen, Fitz Count and the garrison of Walingford were ad-
mitted to pay their homage to the King, and thus terminated the war. But Brien Fitz Count,
partly through fear that King Stephen might not be completely reconciled to him, and partly
through grief that both his sons were so much afflicted with the leprosy, as to be incapable of
enjoying their inheritance, and confined in a monastery, took upon him the cross and went in pil-
grimage to Jerusalem. Maud, his wife, had before passed over into Normandy to avoid the perils
of the civil war in which her husband was engaged, and had taken a religious habit. She gave an
estate in Wiltshire to the Abbey of Bee in Normandy, and it appears, from the seal appendant to
the charter blearing her effigies in the dress of a nun, in her right hand an olive branch, and from
her left arm hanging a string of beads, with these words on the margin sigillvm matildis domine
WALiNGFORDiE, that she retained the title of her family and inheritance, notwithstanding her mar-
riaijes to Crispin and Fitz Coimt.^
Brien Fitz Count and Maud, having thus become voluntary exiles, and their sons being either
dead or disinherited, King Henry II. soon after his accession, seized the Honour of Walingford
as an escheat,"^ and having commanded an inquisition to be made respecting the tenure and
descent of the said Honour, the Constable of Walingford by a formal instrument returned that
Wygo de Walingford held the Honour of Walingford, in the time of King Harold, and after in the
days of King William the 1. ; and had a daughter whom he gave in marriage to Robert D'Oilli,
' Mon. Angl. vol. i. p. 105. ' Saxon Cliroii. ' Dugd. Bar. vol. i. p. 468.
" Rot. Pip. 5 Siep. Dugd. Bar. vol. i. p. 169.
5 Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. i. p. 138. Monast. Anglic, toni. i. j). ,)8'J. N. Ed.
" Test, de NeviU, p. 115. Roger Dodsworth's MtJS. in Bibl. Bodl. vol. iv. Kennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. i. p. 135.
Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. IGO.
ASHENDON with POLICOTT. 19
who had issue by her one daughter called Maud, who was his heir: that Milo Crispin espoused
her, and had with her the aforesaid Honour of Walingford : and, Milo dying. King Henry I. gave
the said Maud in marriage to Brien Fitz Count, together with her whole inheritance : that he had
no heir, and the same Brien and Maud his wife, in the time of King Stephen, devoted themselves
to religion (retired into a monastery), and the Lord Henry the son of the Empress Maud, then
Duke of Normandy, seised upon the aforesaid Honour.^ Hereupon the King by his charter
dated at Oxford, and addressed in the usual manner to his bishops, earls, barons, and all others
his ministers, and to his faithful subjects in England and Normandy, granted to his men and mer-
chants of the Honour of Walingford and Berkhanipsted, a confirmation of all the laws, usages,
and customs which they had formerly enjoyed in the time of King Edward, and of his ancestor
King William, and his Grandfather King Henry : with exemption, whithersoever they might go
with their wares or merchandize, or buy or sell throughout his whole Reahn, in England, Nor-
mandy, and Anjou, hi/ ivater and hy land, by icood and by strand, (a phrase perpetually recur-
ring in all the charters subsequently granted to the tenants of the Honour of Walingford) from
all toll, pontage, passage, picage, pannage, and stallage, payments to Shires and Hundreds and
their respective Courts, sheriff's aids and services : geld, danegeld, hidage, bloodwite, bredwite, fines
on account of nmrder and manslaughter, works of castles, walls, entrenchments, parks, bridges,
and all servile works and operations of the like nature : and imposing a penalty of 10/. upon any
person interrupting or endeavouring to prevent the enjoyment of these privileges and immunities,
&c. Theobald Archbishop of Canterbury and others being witnesses. -
These privileges and exemptions seem to have been nearly similar to those which were at dif-
ferent periods granted within the jurisdiction of the Cinque Ports.
The custody of this Honour was granted in the 1st of Henry the Third to William Neirunt;^
■ De Honore de Walingford.
Dominis suis dilectissimis d'ni Reg' justiciar' & baron' s'cc'ij constabular' Walingford sal't'ra. Cu' fideli obsequio
sciatis me diligent' inquisic'o'erafecisse de mandate d'ni Reg' p. Vicecom' ad me t'nsmisso p' milites de balli'a mea & est
Inq'sic'o'is f'c'e suma.
Wygodus de Walingf' tenuit honore de Walengf tempe' Reg' Haraldi & post temp'e Reg' Will'i p'mi & habuit ex
ux'e sua q'ndam filiam qua' dedit Rob'to Doilli. ip'e Rob'tus habuit ex ea q'ndam fil' Matill' no'i'e, que fuit h'es ej.' Milo
Crispinus desponsavit earn & habuit cu' ea p'd'c'm honore' de W^alingf . mortuo Milone dedit d'n's Rex Henr' p'mus
p'd'c'am Matiir Briennio fil' com' p'iter cu' h'editate sua Nullu' habuit h'edem. Idem Brienni' & p'fata Matill' uxor
ej' temp'e Reg' Step'hi reddideru't se religioni & d'n's Henr' fil' Matill' Imp'atricis qui eo temp'e fuit Dux Nermann'
saisivit p'd'c'm honore'. Test, de Nevill, p. 115. Dodsworth's MSS. vol. iv. Kennet's Paroch. Ant. vol. i. p. 115.
^ A.D. 1156. (2 Hen. II.) Henricus Dei Gratia Rex Anglie Dux Normanniae, &c. Episcopis Comitibus Baronibus
Justiciariis et omnibus ministris meis et fidelibus totius Angliae et Normaniae, Francigenis et Angligenis, Salutem.
Praecipio vobis quod omnes homines et mercatores honoris de Walingforde et Berkhampstede firmam pacem habeant
per totam terram nostram Anglia; et Nornianias ubicunque sunt, et sciatis me dedisse et concessisse eis in perpetuum
omnes leges et consuetudinesbene et honorifice sicut melius et honorabilius eas abuere tempore Ednardi Regis et tem-
pore Atavi mei Regis Willelmi et tempore Henrici Avi mei. Concede eis etiam quod ubicunque ierint cum niercationibus
emptionibus vel venditionibus suis per totam terram nieam Angliae et Normanias et Andegaviae bj/ xvafer and hy land, Lt/
wood and hy strand, quieti sint de Thelonio Pontagio Passagio et Picagio Panagio et Stallagio et Shires et Hundreds
et sectis Schirarum et Hundredorum de auxilio Vicecomitum et servientium Geldis et Danegeldis de Hidageo et Blode
whete et bredewhete et de murdredis et de variis ad murdredum pertinentibus, et operationibus castellorum et murorum
et fossatorum et parcarum et pontium et calcearum et orani consuetudine et exactione seculari et opere servili ne super
hoc ab aliquo inquietentur sub forisfactura decern librarum.
Prohibeo et praecipio super eandera forisfacturam ut nequis super hoc vexet vel disturbet, &c.
Teste Theobaldo Cantuariae Episcopo et aliis, datam apud Oxon prime die Junii anno praedicto. MSS. Cotton. Vol.
Claud. DII. p. 5i, 131. Dedswerth's M.SS. vol. cxiv. f tO. in Bibl. Bodl. Kennet's Parochial Antiquities, p. 113.
' Rot. Glaus. 1 Hen. III.
20 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
but in 1217 (2 Hen. III.) it was bestowed on the King's brother Richard, who in 1226 was created
Earl of Cornwall,' and having likewise obtained the barony of St. Wallery amongst the forfeited
lands of Robert Earl of Dreux, procured a charter in 1228 (15 Hen. III.) to hold the Honour of
Walingford, together with the Manor of Watlington, co. Oxon, by the service of three knights'
fees. In 1234, being then separated from Roesia de Dovor, he married secondly Isabel Countess
of Gloucester, widow of Gilbert de Clare, and sister of William Mareschal Earl of Pembroke " ;
and, in obedience to a vow, in 1241 made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, and during his stay in
Palestine negociated a treaty " with the Sultan of Babylon," very advantageous to the Christians :
so that upon his return to England he was higlily popular, and the King and Queen, in proof of
their regard, received him, upon his landing at Dover, with great rejoicings.^ In 1254, Richard
Earl of Cornwall possessed the honour of Walingford, and had view of frank pledge and pleas in
Ashendon.'*
In 1257, on ascension day, he was crowned King of the Romans ; and died at Berkhampstead
Castle, 4th April, 1272. His four sons by Isabel Countess of Gloucester all died in his life time,
but by Senchia, daughter of Raymond Earl of Provence, he had two sons, Richard, who died
young, and Edmund, who succeeded to the Earldom of Cornwall. By his fourth wife, Beatrice,
niece to the Archbishop of Cologne, he had no issue.^
Edmund Earl of Cornwall married Margaret sister of Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester, and
and in 1296 (25 Edw. 1.) obtained the King's precept, by which his services for the castle and
honour of Walingford were fixed at three knights' fees, as in the original grant to his father.
Having no issue, this Earl made the King his heir; and dying in 1300 (28 Edw. I.) the Honour of
Walingford, the dower of Margaret, was committed to the custody of Walter de Ayles-
bury.^ In 1279, the name of Lord Russel occurs as Steward of the honour of W^alingford,
attesting a charter of Edmund Earl of Cornwall. On the accession of Edward II. Piers de
Gaveston, being advanced to the Earldona of Cornwall, is presumed to have held this honour ;
but in 1307 the King committed the custody of the castle, town, and honour of Walingford, the
honour of St. Walery, and the city of Chichester, to John de Clynton.^ After the execution of
(javcston, the honour of Walingford was granted to Edmund Bacun,^ whose appointment was
renewed by a subsequent writ,i^ to hold during pleasure. In the turbulent period which ensued.
Queen Isabel obtained possession of this honour, but in 1326 (20 Edw. II.) William le Mareschal,
having the custody of Walingford Castle, was confirmed in his authority by a writ which recites
the King's confidence in his fidelity, but makes no mention of the honour of Walingford : '° and
soon afterwards the custody of the castle was transferred to John de Stonorc.'' The Queen
certainly exercised the powers of sovereignty, and, by a writ in which she styles herself "by
the grace of God, Queen of England, Lady of Ireland, and Countess de Ponthou," commanded
William Mareschal to deliver all the arms and provisions in his custody at Walingford Castle
to Sweyn de Mortel.'^ King Edward III. in 1329 restored the custody of the castle of Waling-
■ Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 762. " lb. ^ Matt, of Westminster, Annals 1241, and Dugd. Bar. toni, i. p. 763.
* Rot. Hund. 39 Hen. III. vol. i. p. 23. * Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 765.
*■ R. com'isit Walfo de Aylesbury castrum n'rum de Walyngford & honores n'ros de Walyngford & Sc'o Walerico ac
omnib' p'tin' suis, exccptis Man'iis dc Ilarewell & Ilenle ad dictos honores p'tinentib', custod' usq' ad festum S'c'i Mich'is,
&c. Que quidem Man'ia Margareta; que fuit ux' Edmundi quondam comitis def, q' de nob', &c. assign' in dotera, &c.
Rot. Orig. 29 Ed. I. ro. 3. Abbrev. vol. i. p. 1 14.
- Rot. Orig. 1 Edw. 2. ro. 14. Abbrev. vol. i. p. 159. « lb. 5 Edw. 2. ro. 11. Abbrev. vol. 1. p. 186. = lb. p. 189.
'" lb. 20 Edw. 3. ro. 3. p. 298. " lb. p. 300. '" lb. ro. 13. p. 303.
ASHENDON with POLICOTT. 21
ford, and the honour of Walingford and St. Walery, to William le Mareschall.^ John of Eltham
the King's brother, was afterwards Earl of Cornwall, and held this honour: and at his death, in
1336, being again vested in the Crown, the King confirmed to Robert de Bongeye, or Bongent,
the office of Bailiff of the honour of Walingford, which had been granted to him by John
late Earl of Cornwall, his brother.^ Soon after this, Edward Prince of Wales and Earl of
Chester being created Duke of Cornwall in full Parliament, the honour of Walingford was by
a special act, as part of that Dukedom, made the inheritance of the eldest son of the Kings of
England.^
At the death of the Prince of Wales, in 1375 (2 Ric. II.) seised of the honour of Walingford,
an Inquisition then taken enumerated the knights' fees comprized therein, which in this County
are described to have been situated in Ashendon, Wavingdon, Radclive cum Chackmore,
Thornton, Quainton, Fleet Marston, Pychelesthorne, Saunderton, Hawridge, Little Marlow,
Hitcham, Bichendon, Marsworth, Isenhampstcad-Latimer, Wycombe, Dorncy, Hedsor, Bradwell,
Bot-Claydon, Ickford, Upton, Oakley, Shabbington, Ethrope, Cranwell, Hamm, Aston-Sand-
ford, Wingrave, Stanton-barry, Westbury, Addington, Wolverton, Dodford, Woughton, Weston,
Loughton, Swanbourne, Salden cum mcmbris, Hillesden, Linford and Northcote, Drayton,
Wedon and Agmondesham, Beachampton, Iver and Waddesdon,^ with numerous estates in
many other counties.
After the death of the Black Prince, his widow Joane (one of the daughters of Edmund of Wood-
stock, son of King Edward I. by Margaret heiress of the Wakes) resided in the castle of Walingford,
her will being dated there 7th Aug. 1385 : and the honour of Walingford reverting to her son,
King Richard II. remained in the crown during many successive reigns ; the collection of the
revenues and superintendence thereof being entrulsted to the steward or treasurer of the royal
household. In the reign of Henry V. the honour of Walingford being settled upon Katherine
Queen Consort, as part of her dower, William Borde was Steward: and in 1441 (20 Henry VI.)
the King having become possessed of it at his mother's death, granted to William de la Pole,
Earl of Suflblk, and Alice his wife, for life, the office of Constable of Walingford and St. Walery.^
On a renewal of the grant about four years afterwards, it was extended to John, son of William
Marquess of Suffolk and Alice his wife.^ William Marquess of Suffolk was Great Steward of the
Household to the King,'^ and in 1447 (26 Henry VI.) was advanced to a Dukedom. He enjoyed
the favour of the court, but provoked the enmity of the nation, and attempting to quit the
kingdom and seek refuge abroad, was seized by the populace and beheaded on the side
of a boat. After his death in 1449, the Duchess of Suffolk continued to hold the office
of Constable of Walingford, and Steward of the honour of Walingford and St. Walery.
She died 20th May, 1475, and was buried at Ewelme, in Oxfordshire, where she had founded and
endowed an hospital. John de la Pole, her son, in whom was vested the reversion of the offices
of Constable and Steward of W^alingford and St. Walery, having married the Princess Elizabeth
(sister of King Edward IV.) was, by patent dated 23d March, 3 Edw. IV. restored to the title of
' Rot. Oiig. 4 Edw. III. ro. 17. Abbrev. vol. ii. p. 40. ' lb. 11 Edw. III. ro. 27. Abbrev. vol. ii. p. 118.
' lb. p. 119. ■> Esc. 2 Ric. II. no. 57. Cal. vol. iii. p. 16. in which the orthography is so various and
seemingly so incorrect as to render it difficult to ascertain the places intended.
5 Rex concessit VViU'o de la Pole, comiti Suffolk, et Alicise uxori ejus, pro viti, officium Constabularii de Walling-
ford et de So VValerico. Rot. Pat. 20 Hen. VI. p. 2. m. 4. "^ lb. 24 Hen. VI. p. 1. m. 1.
7 Rot. Franc. 23 Hen. VI. m. 5. and Dugd. Bar. torn. ii. p. 188.
22
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Duke of Suffolk (forfeited by his father's attainder) and in 1485 (1 Hen. VII.) appointed Con-
stable of Walingford, which office he retained until his death in 1491: Edmund de la Pole,
second son of John Duke of Suffolk, younger brother of John Earl of Lincoln, having committed
treason, was attainted and beheaded in 1513 (5 Hen. VIII.) and his lands being forfeited, the
manor of Ewelme, part of the ancient possessions of the Crown, coming into the King's hands,
an act of parliament was passed in 1540 to separate the honour of Walingford from the Duchy
of Cornwall, and unite it to the manor of Ewelme, thenceforth to be called the Honour of
Ea-elme, and to possess the same liberties, privileges, and immunities at am/ time previousli/
annexed to the Honour of Walingford : and the officers of the King's Court of Augmentation of
the Revenues of the Crown to have the government of the same, and to receive and answer for
the profits to the King's use.'
Sir Edward Knollvs, Knt. Comptroller of Queen Elizabeth's Household, was Constable of the
Castle and manor of Walingford, and Head Steward of the honour of Walingford and St. Wallery,
now the honour of Ewelme, and held this office in 1596 (39 Eliz.) being succeeded in it by his
nephew William Knollys (son of Sir William KnoUys, K. G. by Katharine daughter of William
Carie, Escjuire of the Body to Henry VIII.) who was Treasurer of the Queen's Household in
1600, and by ])atcnt 13 May 1603 (1 Jac. I.) created a Baron. In the exercise of his office he
granted to divers persons the ancient privileges and immunities of tenants of the honour, by spe-
cial instruments under seal, reciting his title as Treasurer of the King's Household, Privy Coun-
sellor, and High Constable of the Castle of If'altingford and St. ff'allerie, and the letters patent
of Henry III. granting to Edward Earl of Cornwall, and all men, tenants and residents in the
honour of Walingford and St. Walery, now the honour of Ewelme, acquittance, as before -men-
tioned, from pannage, &c. and from summons, attachment, or execution, by any other minister of
the King, his heirs and successors, by writ or without, in the liberties of the said honour.
Lord Knollys was in 1614 appointed Master of the Court of Wards, afterwards elected a Knight
of the Garter: 7 Nov. 1616 (14 Jac. I.) created Viscount Walingford, and 18 Aug. 1626 (2
Car. I.) Earl of Banbury. Since his death in 1632, the privileges and imnumities of the honour of
Ewelme seem to have been gradually less and less regarded ; and after the Restoration of Mo-
narchy the Comptrollers of the Royal Household executed the authority of Steward by deputy.
NAMES OF STEWARDS FROM THE REIGN OF KING GEORGE THE FIRST.
1725. Richard Toovey, Deputy to Richard Carter, esq. in whose
time it seems probable that either a new seal was made, or that
the initials of his name were added to the old one, which has been
used to the present time.
1749. John Toovey, Deputy to Edward Simeon, Esq. of Pirton.
1754. Francis Yateman.
1766. William Sessions, Deputy to Francis Yateman, Esq.
1773. John AUnutt, Dep.
Stat. 32 Hen. VIII. c 2. pr.
ASHENDON with POLICOTT. 23
1775. William Toovey, Dep. 1793. William Lowndes, Esq. Steward.
1780. William Andrews, Dep. 1801. Henry Walcot, Dep.
1785. Robert Delzell, Dep. 1812. J. A. Hedges.
1789. John Lee, Dep. to John Allnut. James Davenport, Esq. Steward.^
In 1817 the Honour of Walingford and Ewelme, including the crown lands, courts, members,
and appurtenances, quit rents, certainty money, upon and out of divers lands, and payable to the
said honour, was sold by public auction by the authority of the right hon. W^illiam Huskisson,
William Dacres Adams, and Henry Dawkins, esqrs. Commissioners of his Majesty's Woods, Fo-
rests, and Land Revenues, and purchased by Jacob Bosanquct, esq. of Brosenbury, co. Herts ;
who in 1821 conveyed the same to the right hon. George (Parker) Earl of Macclesfield, who
is the present possessor.^
Honour of Walingford. In the time of Richard Earl of Cornwall, Jordan de Arcubus and the
Abbat of Notley held lands in Ashendon under the honour of Walingford. Jordan de Arcubus
was the son of William, who in the reign of King John held divers lands in this county under the
same honour, and whose descendants long had possession of Eythrope.^ Jordan accounted to the
Earl of Cornwall for his fees here, as two hides : but he did not retain the land in his own pos-
session, for it was by a subinfeudation in the hands of his under-tenants, Isabella de St. Andrew
and William Fitz-Bernard, who each held one hide.^
The families of de Arcubus, St. Andrew, and Bernard, were all benefactors of lands in Ashendon, to
Notley Abbey : to which religious foundation Walter Giffard having granted all his tithes here,
other proprietors of lands seem to have followed his example, by affording proofs of their pious
munificence. Thomas de St. Andrew of Essendon gave to the canons of Notley two acres of land
here, towards the fabric of their church : but it seems probable that this donation was not held
under the honour of Walingford, but part of those lands which belonged to his tenure under
Walter Giffard the founder : however, the greater portion of the lands of the other possessors
under the honour of Walingford, appears to have been given to the same Abbey. ^
THE VILLAGE OF ASHENDON
is about nine miles west of Aylesbury, six north of Thame, in Oxfordshire, and two miles and a
half south of the road from Aylesbury to Bicester. It consists of farm houses and cottages irre-
gularly built on a hill, to which the roads, necessarily steep, were, until recently improved, cxccs_
sively deep and almost impassable. The parish, though contiguous to Bernwode Forest, was not
within its limits,^ and the inhabitants were liable to pay for the agistment or Intrusion of their
cattle.
' MS. Regist. in the Archives of the Corporation of Calne, co. Wilts. " Particulars of Crown Lands of Waling-
ford and Ewelme, and Archives of the Honour of Wahngford. = gee Eythrope in Waddesdon.
^ Isabella de S' Andrea tenet unam hydam t're de Jordano de Arcub' de Honore de Walingford faciend' forinsec'
Jordano de Arcubus. Will'us Bernard, tenet in eadem y\\\k unam hydam fre de Jordano de Arcub' de Honore de Wa-
lingford faciendo forinsec' Jordano de Arcub'. Rot. Hund. 39 Hen. 3. vol. i. p. 23.
5 See Notley. « See Boarstall.
24 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
In the reign of Edward III. it was certified that Ashendon might be assessed to the subsidy
called the ninths at nine marks, and no more, ' because forty acres of land were uncultivated
and waste, many of the possessions of the church exempt from payment, and there were no
cattle-dealers or merchants here. This certificate was attested by Rob. le Cou-herde, Nicholas le
Pek, William ate Hulle, and Thomas Yve,^ names apparently taken from their employment, or
the situation of their houses. In 42 Eliz. Ashendon, including Policote, was assessed to the
"provision of beeves and muttons for the Queen's Household" at 11 Z. 19s. 3d.; Mr. Saun-
ders's lands 3/. 7s. and Mr. Winchcombe's 21. 12s. Sd.^ In the Survey in 1620 Benedict
Winchcombe's lands were rated at 100/. per ami. and Mr. Palmer's old and new inclosures, at
410/.4
Land Tax of Ashendon with Policott in 1712, 260Z. Expcnce of the poor in 1776,
6U. 17s. 8d. In 1783, 100/. 4s. 4d. From 25th March 1821 to 25th March 1822,
229/. 6s. In 1824,246/. 4s. ^
The population is computed at about 300 persons : and a benefit society was established in
1821, called the Ashendon Friendly Society, Hmited to 75 members.
POLICOTE, OR POLICOTT.
The name of this hamlet seems to be derived from Saxon tenns descriptive of a dwelling on a
hill, very correctly indicating its situation. It was divided at an early period into two equal por-
tions, distinguished, from their respective possessors, as Pollcote-Cressy and Policote-Bucktot ;
but the latter being subdivided, and part of it merged in the township of Ashendon, the remaining
portions became of unequal extent ; and, when the family of Cressy was dispossessed of the estate
to which that name had been attached, the appellations of Great and Little Policote were sub-
stituted, and have been ever since continued.
Before the Conquest, Alric, the son of Coding, held five hides, being one half of the manor of
Policott ; and three brothers, whose names are not mentioned in the Domesday Survey, held
the other half, consisting also of five hides, with power to alienate their land. The Con-
queror bestowed the whole upon Walter Giffard, who was taxed for it at ten hides. There were
eight carucates, or sufficient for eight ploughs. Two knights held under Walter. In the demesne
were four ploughs, and thirteen villeins, with one bordar, had four. There were four servants :
pasture for eight teams : altogether worth 6/. per ami. in the time of King Edward 11. ^
The seigniory, after the death of the second Walter Giffard, was included in Mareschal's
portion of the honour of Giffard,^ and descended with Ashendon imtil the reign of Henry
III. when the distinctions of Great and Little Policote had superseded the earlier deno-
minations of the respective portions of this lordship : for the regality of Great Policote was
part of the dowry of AHanore, wife of William Mareschal, the second of those names, Earl of
' Nonar. Inquis. p. 339. ' Ibid. ' Ancient Roll.
* Survey inter MSS. Willis in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon. vol. iv. ' Parocli. Returns.
^ Terra Walterii Gifard. In Esseden Hd. GO'. Ipse Walterius ten' Policote, p. x. hid', se def'd. T'ra e viii car.
Duo Militcs ten' de Walterio. In d'nio iiii.car' e xiii. uill'i cu' i. bord' h'nt iiii. car". Ibi iiii. serui. Ptu' viii car.' In
totis ualent' ual' e ualuit vi. lib. t. r. e. vii. lib. Dc hoc CC' tenuit Alric filius Goding v. hid' et iiies fr's tcnuer' v hid' e
cui uoluer' ucnde' potuer'. Lib. Censual. vol. i. f. 147.
" See Crendon.
ASHENDON with POLICOTT. 25
Pembroke, and William de Valence, who had married the heiress of the Mareschals, had the
seigniory of Little Policote,' together with Ashendon.
Alric Fitz Goding, who held half of Policote in the Saxon times, likewise possessed the neigh-
bouring manor of Easington,^ which being at the Conquest transferred to Walter Giffard, and
held under him by the family of St. Martin, and the descendant of this family being seised
of lands in Policote, which are described to have been of the ancient feoffment, it may be
perhaps inferred that one of Giffard's knights mentioned, but not named, in the survey, as his
subfcudatory, was the common ancestor of St. Martin of Easington and of Geoffrey de St.
Martin, who in 1261 passed a fine of lands in Policote to Hugh de Cressy.^ In a transcript of
one of the Registers of Notley Abbey, Geoffrey de St. Martin, who is recorded to have given lands
to that religious house, is by a marginal sketch of his pedigree made to descend from Gilbert de
Clare, Earl of Gloucester, in the following manner :
Gilbert, com. Glou.-,
Geoffbey de St. Martiu.
but no authority being cited in confirmation of this statement, its authenticity may be doubted ;
and especially as no other pedigree of that distinguished family at all supports such an account,
which seems to have arisen from some misconstruction of the words of the bequest to Notley,
which, in the instrument before mentioned, recite, that " Geoffrey de St. Martin gave for the souls
of Lord Richard and Gilbert Earl of Gloucester, and the Lady Maud, wife of the said Gilbert, his
father and his mother, his wife, himself, his ancestors and successors, to God and the church
of the Blessed Mary and St. John Baptist of Notley," &c.^ expressions which certainly do not
specifically describe such a degree of relationship between St. Martin and the Earls of Gloucester ;
who more probably were possessors of the seigniory under which he held the lands bestowed upon
the abbey, and without whose consent he could not have so appropriated them : and who are
therefore introduced in respect to their rank and condition, rather than in the character of his an-
cestors, who are, in fact, severally and subsequently included amongst the rest of the persons who
were to be benefited by the prayers of the convent.
Thus much in regard to the family of St. Martin, whose lands here being conveyed to Hugh
de Cressy, the name of the latter was annexed to his estate. His ancestors had been long pos-
sessed of lands in this county held under the Giffards,^ and Hugh de Cressy held one knight's
fee in demesne in Policote of the honour of Giffard, of Mareschal's portion.*^ He was at his
death succeeded by his son Stephen de Cressy, who being one of those foreigners whose ascend-
ancy in the King's counsels had given so much offence to the Barons as to have provoked to
hostilities, his lands were towards the close of the reign of Henry HI. seised by the Crown, and
the connection of the family of Cressy with the hamlet of Policote having thus ceased, and their
tenure being extinguished, when this estate was afterwards granted to William de Valence, it was
described as the manor of Policote, late belonging to Stephen de Cressy, and in the King's hands
amongst the lands of the Normans ;''' and afterwards called Great Policote, not because originally
of larger extent than the other portion of the hamlet, but for the reason before assigned.
Alianore, widow of William Marcschal, Earl of Pembroke, survived her second husband, Simon
' Rot. Hund. 4 Edw. I. vol. i. p. 44. ' See Easington in Chilton. ^ Rot. Fin. 46 Hen- III.
< MSS. Ashmole in Bibl. Ashmol. Oxon. s Lib. Nig. Scac. vol. i. f. 169. " Test. deNevill, p. 168, 247.
7 Rot. Claus. 25 Edw. I. m. 25.
VOL. I. E
2'^ ASHENDON HUNDRED.
de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, and dying a widow in the beginning of the reign of Edward I.
a partition was made in 1284 (13 Edw. 1.) of divers manors and lands of the Mareschals
Earls of Pembroke, and amongst them of Policote and Chearsley, between William de Valence,
Earl of Pembroke, and Richard de St. Dennis;' and this estate continuing to belong to the Earl
of Pembroke, on a subsequent division of the lands of the house of Valence after the death of
Adomar Earl of Peni])roke, Policote was included in the purparty of Elizabeth, one of the daugh-
ters of John Comyn Lord de Badcnagh (by Joane third daughter of William de Valence, late
Earl of Pembroke) as cousin and heir of the said Adomar.^ She was not long allowed the peace-
able enjoyment of her inheritance, being forcibly seized by Hugh le Despenser Earl of Winches-
ter, and Hugh his son, at Kennington, in Surrey, and intimidated into a surrender of two of her
castles in order to regain her liberty.^ She was afterwards the wife of Richard Talbot, a great
I)aron, who in 1326 (20 Edw. II.) was in her right in possession of Policote ;■* and in 1332 (() Edw.
III.) a fine was passed between James de Wodestok and Richard Talbot and Elizal)eth his wife of
this manor, which Richard granted to James de Wodestok for life.^ In 1340 Richard Talbot ob-
tained a grant of free warren in all his demesne lands within this lordship : ^ and in the next year
paid a fine of forty shillings for license that himself and Elizabeth his wife might settle certain
manors and lands which Mary Countess of Pembroke, formerly wife of Adomar de Valence, held
in dower, being part of the inheritance of the aforesaid Elizabeth, to whom and her husband, and
the heirs of Elizabeth, those lands after the death of Mary Countess of Pembroke ought to re-
vert, as therein expressed.'^ In 1343 (17 Edw. Ill ) a fine was passed by which Richard Talbot
and Elizabeth his wife granted the manor of Policote to Aliva widow of Robert Sassy, for life ;
and in 1352, Richard Talbot, senior, had license to enfeoff Gilbert his son with Perine le
Botiller his wife, of this manor of Policote, with remainder to the issue of both.^ Gilbert, the
son, was twenty-four years of age at his father's death in 1356, being then in the French
wars ; but, in consideration of his public services, had livery of his lands, and his homage was res-
pited.9 He was afterwards repeatedly employed in various services by sea and land, and having
been summoned to Parliament as a Baron from the 30th of Edw. HI. until his death 24th April
1386 (10 Ric. II.) left issue by Perine or Petronilla his first wife, daughter of James Earl of Or-
monde, Richard Talbot his son and heir, who, in his father's life-time, had married Ankaret, sister
of John son of John le Strange of Blackmere. This Riclyxrd Talbot was, in 1391, found to be
one of the heirs of John de Hastings, Earl of Pembroke, and died 7 Sept. 1396, leaving issue
four sonSj Gilbert, John, Richard, and Thomas, and also daughters. Gilbert, his eldest son
and heir, who was thirteen years of age at his father's death, ])ecame a military commander,
Knight of the Garter, and Governor of Caen in Normandy, He married, first, Joane, second
daughter of Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester, one of the coheirs of Humphrey Duke
of Buckingham, her brother: and, secondly, Beatrix, daughter of John King of Portugal,
Gilbert Lord Talbot had no issue by his first marriage, and, by the last, only a daughter
Ankaret, who died in her childhood : and this manor, which seems to have been settled upon
' Placit. 13 Edw. I. no. 18. Abbrev.p. 208.
■^ U. Uic'o le Wayte, Esc' R. in com. Wilts, &c. Assignav' Elizabethe Comyn consanguinee & uni heredum p'd'c'i
com", viz. Man'ium de Policote cum p'tin' in com. Buk' qd ad xvijH. vijs. viijd. ob. &c. Rot. Orig. 18 Edw. II. no. 19.
Abbiev. vol. i. p. '2SY. Rot. Fin. eod. an. ni. 2. in capsula .S. Dugd. 15ar. tom. i. p. 686.
' lb. p. 32(i. ' Inquis. ad quod Damn. 20 Edw. II. no. 11. Cal. p. 28.5. "^ Rot. Fin. 6 Edw. III.
« Rot. Claus. H- Edw. III.no. 37. Dugd. Bar. torn, i, p. 327. ' Rot. Orig. 15 Edw. Ill.no. 114. Abbrev. vol.
ii. p. 150. • Rot. Pat. 2G Edw, III. m. 3. p. 2. » Dugd. Bar. tom. i. p. 327.
ASHENDON with POLICOTT. 27
his first wife Joane (who yet, according to Dugdale, was only " designed" to have been mar-
ried to the said Gilbert, but died in 1400),' afterwards passed to her surviving sister Anne Coun-
tess of Stafford. This Anne was the eldest daughter of Thomas of Woodstock by Eleanor de
Bohun. She was first married to Thomas Earl of Stafford, and, secondly, to Edmund also Earl
of Stafford, his younger brother, and successor in the earldom. She was married, thirdly, to Sir
William Bourchier, Knt. Constable of the Tower of London, who, dying in 1420 (8 Hen. V.) left
her again a widow : and in 1431 she was in possession of this manor, which she held until her
death in 1438 (17 Hen. VI.) when it descended to her son Humphrey Earl of Buckingham, Staf-
ford, and Northampton, who, being advanced to the title of Duke of Buckingham, received from
his subfeudatories an aid upon the marriage of his eldest daughter Anne to Aubrey de Vere,
eldest son and heir of John Earl of Oxford.^ A curious document is preserved corroborating this
fact: " This bille endentyd the xiii day of August the yere reynynge of King Henry the Sixth
after the Conquest xxix bereth w^itnesse that Robert Power, feodary of my Lord the Duke of
Buckingham hath reseyved of Edmund Reyde Squyere xxv\ for relyf and v^ for a tenable eyde
to the mairage of the heldyst daughter of my seydc Lorde for the fourth part of a knyght's fee
in Adyngrave in the shire of Buck, which the sayde Edmund holdith of my saide Lord as of his
manor of PoUcote in the sayde shire, which money I knowlith me to be payd, and the same Ed-
mund to be discharged by this present wrytynge. Given at Borstal day and yere abovesayd."^
PEDIGREE OF TALBOT, VALENCE, and STAFFORD.
From Dugdale's Baronage ; Glover; Lodge's Peerage, by Arclidall ; Collius ; Hunter's Hallamshire ; &c.
Arms. Bendy of ten, Argent and Gules : Tall-ot ancient. Gules, a lion rampant, within a liordure engrailed Or, Rhys Pr. of fl'ales : assumed
by the Tall-ols temp. Hen. III.
Richard de Talbot, held lands under Walter GifFdrd temp. Will.
T'
iEOFFREt DE Talbot, of Kent, banished by King Stephen. Hugh Talbot, nephew of Hugh de Gournay, \9 Hen. l.=p
Richard de Talbot, Lord of Linton, co. Heref. 1 1.53,=p William Talbot, Sheriff of Gloucestershire, Hugh
temp. Hen. 2. and Ric. 1 . | temp. Hen. 3.
Gilbert Talbot, 12 Hen. 2, paid scutage 7 Job. [Dugdale,} ob. 22 Aug. 5. Step. [Glover.]=p.. .
RiCHABD Talbot,=PAliva, dau. of Alan Basset, of Wycombe, sist. of Philip Basset, Just, of England, and '
ob. temp. Hen. 3. | Dru de Montacute. [Qugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 643 ; called Alvi7ia in Test, de Nevill, p. 16
Gilbeut Talbot, Gov. of Grosmoud CastIe,=pGuENDOLENE, Guedoline, or Gumthlian,Aa\i.oCRH\s ap Griffith, Prince
45 Hen. 3, d. (1273) 2 Ed. I. | of Wales, whose arms were afterwards borne by the Talbots.
Richard Talbot, Gov. of Cardiff, I30S. (34 Edw. 1.)=pSarah, dau. of Will. Beauchamp, by Isabel, dr. of William Mauduit, Earl of Warwick.
Sir Gilbert Talbot, imprisoned with other rebellious Barons,=p Richard Talbot, Lord of Ricbard's=f Joane, dau. and cob. of Hugli de
15 Ed. 2 : pardoned; Banneret and Chamberlain to K. Ed. 3, Just. Castle, Co. Hereford, jure uxor'. | Mortimer, wid.of Tho. de Byke-
of S. Wales, 4 Ed. 3. d. 24 Feb. 20 Ed. 3. -l-nor. [Pedigree of iMortimer.]
Sir Richard Talbot, Knt. Banneret, of Gode-=pELiZABETH, "cozen and coheir of Aymcr de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, John de Hastings, and John
rich Castle, co. Hereford, d. 23 Oct. 1356. | Comyn, Earl of Buchan :" mar. 2dly to John de Bromwich. [Pedigree of Valence.]
Ferine (or Petronel) de Botiler, dau. of .James=pGiLBERT Talbot, Lord Talbot, summoned=JoANE, daughter of Thomas Talbot, ynuncer
Earl of Ormonde, enfeoffed, with her husband, hi the j to Parlt. from 36 Edw. 3. to 10 Ric. 2. d. Ralph Earl of Staf- son, a Priest, d. 14 Oct.
manor oi Pobcuie: ob. 23 Apr. 42 Edw. 3. | 24 April, 13S6. ford. 36 Edw. 3.
icHABDLordTALBOT,=FANKABET, sister of=SiR Tho. NE-zpJoANE, sole dau.
d heir of Wil-
IVICHABD l.,0rd 1 ALBOT,-j-ANKABET, sisici u. ^... .^-.-■-
Thomas, Duke of Glouces-=pELEANOR, dau. and coh. of Humph, summoned to Parliamt. John le Strange, and viLL, Kt. Lord
ter, Earl of Buckingham, de Bohun, Earl of Hereford and from 7 to 17 Ric. -2. Knt. daugh. of John le Furnivall, 7
•Hh son of King Edw. 3. | Essex. [Pedigree of Bohun.] Ban. 7Sep.20Ric.2.ob. j Strange, of Black- Ric. 2. d. 8
1396. [Hunter's Hal- I
h. p. 44.] I
b
liam Lord Fur:
val, 1st wife; mc
at Barlboro, (
York.
• Dugd. Bar. torn. ii. p. 172. ^ Kennefs Paroch. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 373. ' Boarstall Chartulary MS. f. 84. and Kennet.
28
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
HUM-
2 h. Eo-=i=ANNF,, =
:ih.Tiio-=;
--3 b. S.R
JoANE,2d-
eldest
MAS, Earl
W,L-
da.ofTbo-
Earlof
Earl of
daa.
of Staf-
masof
Bu.k-
Stafford,
&coh.
ford, ob.
BoUR-
Wood-
KB. ma.
ofTho.
6 April,
CHIEB,
stock,
ham.
2-2R,c.-2.
of
18Ric.2.
Consta-
Duke of
slain at
Wood-
ble of
Glouces-
Shrews-
stock,
the
ter, cob.
bury 4 H
Duke
Tower,
ofEleanor
4. l.ur. at
of Glouc.
Earl of
deBobun,
Stiiffoid.
sist. & h
r.
Ewe, A.
and sister
[Pedi-
of Joan
,
1420, b.
of Anne,
cle,: of
ob.UiOi
t.
at Lan-
Countess
tL,„E.]
17 Hen.
tbony.
of Staf-
ford, &c.
=Gn.BEuT Ld.=;
=Bk,at
rx,
Richard
Sir John Taldot, K. (;.=f
Talbqt.K.G.
daurl
ter
TaEDOT,
a brave sol-
of Jo
in
Abp, of
4.ofHallamshire, Ld.Lt.
dier, had li-
Kino
of
Dublin:
of Ireland, Ld. Furnivall,
very lHen.5.
Port
,.
Ld. De-
1 Hen. 5, heir of his
of his mo-
puty of
i.eice Ankaret, Gen. in
ther's lands :
Ireland,
France, 6 Hen. 6. Earl
Just.ofChes-
7 Hen.5.
of Shrewsbury, 20 Mar.
ter, Gov. of
Thomas
igHen.eLt. of Ireland
Caen : Capt.
Talbot,
23 Hen. 6. E. of Wex-
Gen. of the
of
ford, and 17 Jul. E. of
Marches of
Wrock-
Waterford, killed at
Normandy,
erdine.
Ch.lstillon 20 July 14 53,
d. 1.9 Oct. 7
co.Salop,
31 Hen. 6. bu. at Whit-
H..,—
ob. s. p
church, CO. Salop.
[DUK-
dale.]
of Richard
Warwick,
by Eliz. dn.
and heir of
Thos. Lord
Berkeley,
Baroness
Lisle; d.
1468 -.b.at
St. Paul's.
MPHREV, Duke=
pANNE, daugh. of
Anne
BOUR-
Ankaret,
2.S,rJohnTalbot,K.G.=pElieabeth
1. Thomas
uckinglmm,a;t.
Ralph Nevill, E.
CHIER,
sole dau.
2d Earl of Shrewsbury
Butler, dau.
ob. v.p. i
1 Hen 6. slain
ofWestmoreland,
Earl of
and heir.
Chancellor of Ireland 24
of James, 4th
3. Sir Chr
Talbot, t
1460.
he hattle of
mar. 2dly to Sir
Essex.
d, 1421,9
Hen. 6. slain at North-
Earl of Or-
rtbainpton.
Walter Blount,
Hen. 6.
ampt.in MHO, bur. at
monde, ob.
.0, 38 Hen. G.
Kt. d.20Edw.4.
aet. 4.
Worksop, CO. Notts.
1473.
MuMPHREV, Earl=;
pMARGARET.da
of Stafford,
&coh. ofEdm
slain at St. Al-
DukeofSomer-
ban's. vita pat.
set, vr-. 15
of Wiltshire
9, K. G. d.
::pCONST
ANCE, dau
andhr
of Sir Hen
Green
e, Knt. of
Drayt
m, CO.
Nortl
ampton.
Ann
elde
Allx
eldest soil of John de Vere, Earl of Ox- youngest
ford, (beheaded 2K Feb. 1 Ed. 4.) and 2dly dau^ob.
to Sir Thomas Cobham, son of Reginald
Lord Cobham.
John Talbot,
Ld. Lisle 26'Jul.
22Hen.5.Visc.
Lisle30Oct.30
E,=pJoHN Lord Tal-
bot, Ch. Just, of
S. Wales, ob.2S
Jun. 13 Ed. 4.
Henrv, Duke of Buckingham, Lord High
Steward at the Coronation of K. Richard 3. I Richard Widv
beheaded 148S, at Salisbury. | Earl Rii
Iii^Ca'
;. Ric
I Eai
D, 2d Earl of Wiltsb
14.1)8, ob. 22 Ma
miptc
will dated 22 Ma
Luffwick, CO. Nof
=Ma
CARET, dan. of John
ount Lisle, viv. 15
>, Duke of Buckingham, beheaded May
ufiscated to the Crown.
Iluinplirey Duke of Buckingham, who married Anne third daughter of Ralph Earl of West-
moreland, was slain at the battle of Northampton in 1459, (and according to an inc[uisition) seised
of the manor of Policott ;' which descended to his younger son John Stafford, who in 1469 (9
Edw. IV.) was created Earl of Wiltshire, and having married Constance daughter and heir of Sir
Henry Greene, Knt. of Drayton, co. Northampton, died 8 May 1473, seised jointly with the
said Constance of this manor, and leaving Edward his son an infant. Edward, second Earl of
Wiltshire, survived his mother Constance, and by a charter dated 24 May 1493 (9 Hen. VII.)
granted with other estates the manor of Policote to Robert Whittlcbury and others, upon certain
trusts :2 and in his testament made 22 March 1498 mentions that, "whereas Margaret" his wife, "John
Viscount Lisle," and other " feoffees were seised, infer alia, of the manor of Policote, and being
desirous that it should " descend unto my Lord of Buckingham and his heirs," he directs that the
said Margaret his wife shall enjoy this manor for life, on condition that she make no title or claim
thereto, by which his will might be impeded.^ He died soon afterwards, and was buried at Luff-
wick in Northamptonshire. By an indenture of seven parts (dated 2 Nov. 15 Hen. VII.) between
Edward Duke of Buckingham of the first part, Margaret Countess of Wiltshire, late wife of Ed-
ward Earl of Wiltshire, of the second, Sir Thomas Cheyne, knt. and Elizabeth his wife, daughter
and heir of Margery Hodleston, sister and coheir of Henry Greene, late Lord of Drayton, co.
Northampton, of the third, Richard Guilford, Knt. Comjitroller of the King's Household, of the
fourth, Alice Lady Fitz-Hugh, late the wife of William Lord Fitz-Hugh, of the fifth, John Mor-
Esc. 38 Hen. VI.
the possession of John Earl of Peterborough.
ASHENDON with POLICOTT. 29^
daunt, of Turvey, ro. Beds, one of the King's Serjeants at Law, of the sixth, and the same John
Mordaunt, of the seventh part (the said Richard Guilford, AHce Fitz-Hugh, and John Mordaunt,
being respectively guardians of Audrey, Constance, Elizabeth, and Amye, daughters of Henry
Vcre, Esq. late of Great Addington, co. Northampton, son and heir of Isabel, daughter and coheir
of John Greene, and sister and coheir of Henry Greene aforesaid, which Constance was the wife of
John Parrc, Elizabeth the wife of John Mordaunt, son and heir of John Mordaunt, Serjeant at
law, and Amye the wife of Robert Mordaunt, second son of the same Serjeant Mordaunt) it is re-
cited that Margaret Countess of Wiltshire was to have such jointure as Sir Reginald Grey should
appoint : and in pursuance of his adjudication and assignment of lands to the clear annual value
of three hundred marks, this manor of Policote biter al. was settled upon her (being late the
lands of Humphrey Duke of Buckingham) but which altogether, in addition to certain lands
late of Henry Greene in Bucks and Bedfordshire, as therein set forth, being still deficient of the
value assigned to her: it was agreed that the lands of the Duke of Buckingham should be
exchanged, and others given in lieu thereof: whereupon Edward Duke of Buckingham released
all claim to the lands of the Greenes : and the Countess and all other parties released to the
Duke all their claims in this manor inter al. which, so assured to Edward Duke of Buckinghan),
was held by that Duke until, being convicted of high treason, and beheaded in May 1521
(13 Hen. VIII.) his lands were, by an Act of Parliament passed in the next year, forfeited to
the Crown.
PEDIGREE OF VERE, DRAYTON, GREENE, and STAFFORD.
From Halsted's Genealogies ; Hatton MSS.; Inquls. post mort. &c.
Quarterly, Gules and Or, in the first a mullet Argent, t'ere. Argent, a cross engrailed Gules, Dra<jlon. Azure, three bucks trippant Or, Grmi
Sir Robert de Verb, second son of Aubrey de Vere, Great Chamberlain^MyiUD de Furnell
toK. Hen. I. by Adeliza declare, dau. of Gilbert declare. | orFuRNEVAL.
Sir Henrv de Vfre, Knt. of Great Adington, co. North'ton, C.mstahle of Gysors.yH.LDEBUBGA. VVi
Sir Walter de Vere, Knt. took the name and arms of DRAY-=pLucY, dau. of Gilbert Sir Robert de
TON, 5 Ric I. ob. 1210 (12 Job.) I Basset. Knt. of Adingto
Sir Henry de Drayton, Kut, ob. 1251. [Esc. 37 Hen. 3.]=pRetta, dau. and coh. of Sir Will, de Bourdon. [Esc. 31 Hen. 3.]
Sir Baldwin de Drayton, ob. 1277. [Esc. 6 Edw. I.]^Idonea de Gimeges.
Sir John de Drayton, ob. 20 Edw. I. aet. 38.=^Philippa, dau of Sir Ralph de Arderne.
Sir Simon de Drayton, xt. 19 at bis father'sT=MARGARET, dau. of Sir John Catherine.^Sir He«jry Greene, Knt. Ch. Just,
death: ob. 1357. [Esc. 31 Edw. I. n. 27.] | Lindsey, viv. 15 Edw. H. only dau. | of England, dead 43 Edw. HI.
Cnt.=pCHRiSTiNA. Greene, of Green's 9. Sir Henry Greene, took the orms=f Maud, dau, & heir of Thomas
4' Norton. of Drayton, vita pat. beheaded. j iMauduit. [Pedigree of Mauduit.J
•11 Greene, restored to=CATHERiNE, dau. of Anke- John Greene, aet
nheritance 1 Hen. IV. till Malory; mar. 2dly, his brother's death,
Hen. 5.1417, s. p. to Sir Simon Felbrigg. Hen. 6.
:MARY,dau. of Walter Mary, mar. Eleanor, mar.
Greene, of Bridge- to Sir JeflF. .lohn Fitz Wil-
north, CO. Salop. Lutterell. liams.
Ralph Green, Constance, dau. of =Henry Green, Sheriff of co. North'ton=pMARGARET Mar-t=Sib Henry Hud
died young. Pawlett, ob. s. p. 23 Hen VI. and 5 Edw. IV. , 1 Roos. gery. | dlestone, Knt.
Constance, sole dau. and lieir. Elizabeth, mar. to Sir Tho. Henry Vere, Esq. of Great Aning-=p.
Cheyne, Knt of Chesham Bois. ton, co. North'ton, temp. Hen. VIII. (
Audrey [or Ethel- Constance, mar. Elizabeth, mar. to John Mordaunt, A.mye, mar. to Robert Mordaunt, 2d soi
DRED, Briilges, vol. to John Parre, son and h. of John Mordaunt, Scr- Serjeant Mordaunt, viv. 1499.
ii. p.250] viv. 1499. viv. 1499. jeant at Law, viv. 1499.
30 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Policott not being included amongst those estates which were afterguards given to Henry Staf-
ford, son of the Duke of Buckingham, when he was restored in blood, remained at the King's
disposal : and by patent dated 12 May 1522 (14 Hen. VIII.) as " part of the lands late belonging to
Edward Duke of Buckingham attainted, and so in the hands of the King," was for good and
faithful services granted to Thomas Palmer, Esq. and his assigns, for life, to hold of the King in
capite, by the usual services, together with court Icet and view of frank pledge at Policote twice a
year, and all the profits and benefits of the same, and free warren in the said lands, not being
withm the limits of the King's forest." In 1527 the King, by other letters patent, (reciting the
former) granted to Henry Palmer, son of the aforesaid Thomas Palmer, the reversion of this manor,
with its appurtenances, and the advowson, views of frank pledge, and free warren, &c. from the
day of the death of Sir Thomas Palmer (when the same should revert to the Crown) to the said
Henry Palmer, in capite, kc.^
Thomas Palmer was the youngest son of Sir Edward Palmer, Knt. of Angmcring, in Sussex,
but in what degree related to Thomas Palmer of Wotton-Underwood, in this county, who, toge-
ther with Joane his wife, acquired lands in Boarstall in 1390, is not ascertained.'^ This Thomas
Palmer was advanced to great favour by King Henry VIII. was employed in the wars in France
in the 18th of that reign, and had a grant of lands in Warwickshire which had been forfeited to
the Crown.3 He was knighted, and built a spacious mansion in the Strand, which was afterwards
inhabited by the Lord Burleigh. He was imprisoned in the 5th of Edward VI. as an accomplice
ot the Duke of Somerset, whom he has been said to have ruined by his evidence, in which he
disclosed the whole of the conspiracy.^ It is to be observed that this was done privately in the
royal presence, and he has been charged with speaking falsely on that occasion : indeed, it is
remarkable that, after the death of the Protector, he was immediately received into the confi-
dence of the Duke of Northumberland, an inveterate enemy of the Duke of Somerset ; and at
least part of the accusation against the Duke was " imputed to the artifices of Palmer, who put
him in fear of his life, and made him act and speak those things for which he lost it."5 Whether
he had really incurred any risk on this occasion, or had been an instrument in the hands of others,
it seems that he w^as afterwards concerned in another conspiracy, which was designed for placing
Lady Jane Grey on the throne : and suffered with the Duke of Northumberland on the scaffold,
22d August, 1553,"^ M'here the speech which he addressed to the spectators of his unhappy fate
evinces the frenzy of his fanaticism ; for, after a wild introduction, he proceeded in the follow-
ing strain : " I am condemned to lose my life here this day, for the which I give God thanks, in
that he hath shewed me the things which I have seen, and which also I know to be just and true ;
and that is, I have, since my coming out of yonder place," (pointing to the Tower) " seen with
mine eyes my Redeemer sitting at the right hand of God the Father, in glory and majesty,
equally, and in whom whoso putteth his trust shall never be deceived, for as he is almighty so
can he do what he listeth, and to whom he will, and where he will, and that none in the heaven
above, nor in the earth Ijeneath, can or may let his determinate will : by wdiom I live, by whom I
am, and in whom I trust to live eternally. I have, as some of you know, good people, been a
man not altogether nourished in England, but some part of my bread I have eaten in other
realms: but to say before now I did know God aright, the world aright, or myself aright, I did
never , and now what I have said vou know ! I sav, God is such an one that without thou wilt
Rot. Pat. ly Hen. VIII. Test, apud Wcstmins. 27 Mai-. " Sec Boaustai.l, and Rot. Fin. 19 Ric II.
Dugd. VVarwicksbii-e, vol. ii. p. (ji;). < State Trials, folio, vol. vii. p. 15. ' Echaid's Hist. ji. 309.
Uaylcy's Hist, of the Tower, p. t'il.
ASHENDON with POLICOTT. 31
sit down, and behold the heavens above, the sun and moon, the stars above the firmament, the
course of them and of the clouds, the earth and all that in them is, and how they are preserved,
thou shalt never know God aright. The world is altogether vanity ; for it is nothing but ambition,
flattery, foolish or vain glory, pride, discord, slander, boasting, disdain, hatred, and malice, all
which things the same God that made the world, or as ye say man, which I here compare to the
world, doth utterly detest and abhor : in the which offences I have lived so noseled, that now,
having just occasion to look into mine own self, I have seen nothing but a body void of all good-
ness, a very miserable creature, and yet the work of the mighty hand of God ! " " But notwith-
standing," he said that, now knowing his Creator aright, he implored pardon for his sins, be^'ged
the people to pray for him, and besought them that, when they should see "the deadly fall of the
axe," they would call upon the Lord to receive him to his mercy.'
Sir Thomas Palmer, his descendant, was Lord of this manor in 1714 and also lessee under
Lincoln College. ^ His court leet for Great Policott was held near a spot called Chapel Close
(though no chapel is ascertained to have been there) and part of Wotton paid certainty money
at this leet.^ The possessions of the family of Palmer in Policote are said to have been purchased
by the Grenvilles."*
POLICOTE BUCKTOT, or LITTLE POLICOTT.
That part of the estate of Walter Giftard in Pohcote which had been held before the Conquest
by three brothers, and, after they had been disseised, was held under Walter by one of his knights,
though described as five hides, and of equal extent with the other portion of the hamlet, appears
to have been subsequently reduced by the transfer of about one-third of it to the township of
Ashcndon ; but had acquired the distinction of Policote Bucktot before that event, which seems
to have occasioned its more modern appellation of Little Policott.
Whether the knight mentioned but not named in Domesday Book as the subfeudatory of
Giffard, were the ancestor of the Cowdrays who in the reign of King John were the principal pos-
sessors of land here, can only be matter of conjecture. At the compilation of the Testa de Nevill,
about the beginning of the reign of King Henry III. Fulk de Cowdray held half a knight's fee
here, under the honour of Giffard, of Mareschal's portion, and of the ancient feoffment (so that it
must have been granted out before the reign of Henry the First) and it was held by Thomas
Bukecote, or Bucktot.^ Fulke de Cowdray died in 1251 (36 Hen. III.)<^ leaving a son Peter;
but no further account of his successors here is discovered, excepting that Thomas Bokecot (pro-
bably the same before mentioned) held half a knight's fee, in 12o-l of tJie heirs of Fulk de Cowdi-aj-,
under William de Valence, as of the honour of Giffard.'' In what manner or through whose hands
the rights of the Cowdrays were transferred to the Bucktots does not appear ; but the latter having
acquired other lands here by fine, in 1235 (20 Hen. III.) between Waker the son of Wilham and
• Bayley's Hist, of the Tower, p. 425. ' Willis's MSS. vol. i. F. in Bibl.Bodl. Oxon. ' Ibid.
■• Lysons's Magn. Brit. vol. i. p. 499. ^ Thomas Bukecot dim' feod' de Falcone Cowdray, et Fulco de dicto Honore
(Gifard* ex parte Maresc.) de veteri. Test, de Nevill, f. 168, p. 249. « See Moulsoe and Pedigree of Cowdray.
" Thom. Bokecot tenet ea'dem (Policote Bokecot) de heredibus Fouke de Cowdray, faciendo servicium dimidii feodi
unius militis, et Will's de Valencia h'et visum francipl' et placiiat' placitum de naraeo vetito : et est de Honore Gifard.
Rot. Hund. 39 Hen. HI. vol. i. p. 23.
32 . ASHENDON HUNDRED. .
Cecilia his wife, and Thomas de Bucktoft, or Buketot, were of sufficient importance to give their name
to the place (which does not seem to have been done by the Cowdrays) and, under the denomination
of Pohcote Bucktot, a conveyance was made in the reign of Edward I. which probably at length
gave to the remaining portion of the lands the appellation of Little Policott. Of the early history
of the family of Bucktot little seems to be known with certainty ; and during more that two
centuries, between the settlement made upon Thomas Bucktot, in the reign of Henry HI. and the
donation of their whole estate to Lincoln College, in Oxford, in the reign of Henry VL the
names of John Bucktot, as party to a fine of lands and messuages in Ashendon and Wotton in
1430, and of Ellen, widow of Thomas Boketot, of Policote, in 1332 (6 Edw. 3) are the only
traces by which the more remote ancestors of this family can be connected with Philip Bucktot,
and his son John, who was the great benefactor to Lincoln College, and Joane, successively wife
of Thomas Bucktot and afterwards of \\'illiam Fitz John, who was living in 1407: and therefore
it is regretted that no satisfactory account can be given of the descent of this generous patron of
religion and literature ; nor has it been discovered, that he was connected with the Boketons or
Bucktons of Boughton Green, in Northamptonshire, notwithstanding the similarity of the name,
and other circumstances, which might lead to a conjecture of relationship between them.
John Bucktot was, however, an ecclesiastic, and rector of Shalston, near Buckingham, from
1418 until 1450,' on the presentation of the family of Ayete. This benefaction was given in
1450, the same year in which he vacated the living of Shalston t^ the deed still extant amongst
the archives of Lincoln College, being endorsed, " John Bucktot to John Beek and others : the
manor of Little Policote, with all the estate his father Philip had in the town and fields of Ashen-
don ; and his wood called Buck tot's Wood : 29 Hen. VI." and concluding with these words:
" Dat' apud p'v'm Polycote p'dict' quarto die Februar' anno regni Regis Henrici post Conquestum
vicesimo nono."^ How long he survived, and when and where he ended his days, are unknown.
His benefaction is briefly noticed in the College Register : " Johannes Bucktot, sacerdos, dedit
Collegio manerium suum de Parva Pollycote."'*
John Beek, or Beke, was Rector of Lincoln College from 1436 to 14G0. In 1452 (31
Hen. VI.) a fine was passed between John Beck, clh, John Seggefield, Richard Spragot, and
Thomas Tanfield, plaintiffs, with John Ascote and Thomasia his wife, deforciants, " of the manor
of Little Policote, and a messuage and lands in Little Policote and Doerto)i, the right of John
Seggefield."^ It was provided by the Statutes of Bishop Rotherham, in 1479, that "a priest
should annually celebrate mass and ])reach a sermon there," on St. Matthew's day, in commemora-
tion of this munificent benefactor;^ and the estate of the College in Ashendon and Policote, at
the ecclesiastical survey by order of Henry VIII. was estimated at 9/. 7*. 6(1. per a?iu. subject
to an annual pension of 3*. 4d. to the preacher, and a quit-rent of 2*'. per ami. to the lord of
the manor of Great Policote. ^
Lincoln College continuing to possess this estate, the Rector and Scholars have from time to
' Willis's Buckingham Ilund.p. 265.
' AylifTe, in his Ancient and Present State of Oxford, vol. i. p. 3'2S, erroneously states that the year of this benefac-
tion was unknown, the conveyance being lost.
' Ex archivis Coll. Line. Oxon. * lb. * Rot. Fin. SI Hen. VI.
' Ayliffe's Ancient and Present State, &c.
' Polycote et Aschendon, in com. Buck", et de Decan' de Aston. Fira n'ra ib'm val' annuati' dimiss" p' indentura'
ixl. viis. xid. Reo Redd". Inde solut' in an'ua pensio'e in elimona uni ad p'dicand' v'bu' divin' in eccl'ia ib'm p' co'poe}
.m'uati' iij5. iiij''. Itm. Mag'ro Palmer et hered. suis p' q'e red' exeu't' de eijsdem t'r's aun' ij*. S'ma reonu' ijs. Et
sic clare reman, ixl. v». vj<l. \'alor Ecclcs. Hen. VHI. vol, ii. p. '2:59.
ASHENDON with FOLIC OTT. 33
time demised their lands, with the manor, to divers tenants.' Richard Grenville, Esq. of Wotton,
was lessee under Lincoln College of the "manor and farm of Little Pollicott and Ashingdon,
with a certain house and homestall called Lincoln College house and honiestall, and certain
tenements and lands, consisting of two yard lands lying in the common fields of Ashendon," by
indenture dated 6th Oct. 1711, for 21 years, at the annual rent of 61. 5s. in money, and seven
quarters of wheat and eight quarters of barley-malt, regulated in price by the market in Oxford
on the market-day next preceding Lady-day and Michaehnas, annually. Richard Grenville died
in 1719: and by another indenture, dated 19th Nov. 1735, the same estate was granted to
Richard Grenville, Esq. grandson of the former, for a further term of 21 years. In 1737, by an act
of parliament for the inclosure of lands, "the Warden or Rector and Scholars of the College of
the Blessed Mary and All Saints, Lincoln, in the University of Oxford,"^ exchanged "two yard
lands in the handet of Ashendon," for other lands, " called Haynes's Hill-foot, Overgoose-Bath,
Dry Mead, Nether Landhurst, Landhurst Furlong, and Brook Mead, then the property of the
said Richard Grenville, Esq. which, together with the manor of Little Policote, still the property
of Lincoln College, have, under subserjuent demises, remained vested in the same family, as
lessees of the College, and are at present so held by his Grace Richard Grenville Nugent Chandos
Temple, Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, K. G.
Another portion of Policote was in 1278 (7 Edw. I.) passed by fine between Richard Moton, or
Merton, and Joane his wife, and John Grenville, of Chilton, being described as a messuage and
lands in Policote Bnchtot, and granted to John Grenville,^ who having no male issue, the estate
passed by Nichola, his eldest daughter and coheiress, in marriage, to Sir Reginald Hampden, Knt.
and at length,'' being vested in their great-grandson. Sir Edniond Hampden, Knt. was forfeited by
attainder in consequence of his adherence to King Henry the Sixth, in the wars between the
houses of York and Lancaster ; and being bestowed by King Edward IV. upon Richard Crofte,
Esq. and Thomas Crofte, in the act of parliament for the resumption of lands formerly alienated
by the Crown,^ a special exemption was made, that it should not prejudice Richard Crofte and
Thomas Crofte in respect of " two tenements, one hundred and fourscore acres of land, and twelve
acres of meadow, with the appurtenances, in Eslienden, in the tenure of William Fitz John and
Joane his wife, late wife of Thon]as Bucktofte, held for the life of the said Joane, with reversion
to Edmond Hampden and his heirs, and formerly belonging to the said Edmond Hampden, Knt.
"a rebell."^ It should be remarked that, notwithstanding the confiscation of his estate. Sir
Edmond Hampden remained faithful to King Henry; and was slain in defence of the same cause
at the battle of Tewkesbury, in which Sir Richard Crofte, Knt. having captured the unfortunate
Prince Edward (son of the King), was rewarded by the victorious Monarch with part of the lands
of his opponents.
Hence it is evident that these lands, which, at their alienation in the time of Edward I. were
described as part of Policote, were afterwards deemed to belong to Ashendon ; for the Hampdens
possessed no other lands either in Ashendon or Policott, and the number of acres mentioned in
the grant (excepting the small quantity of meadow) if added to Little Policott, would render it
equal in extent (according to the present admeasurement) to Great Policott. Thus the increase
of the township of Ashendon may be explained, as well as the distinctions of Great and Little
Policott, since given to these hamlets.
' For the succession of Rectors, see Twyford. ■■ Stat. 1 1 Geo. II. c. 10. ^ Rot. Fin. 7 Edw. I.
" See Hampden and Pedigree of Hampden. * Rot. Pari. 7 and 8 Edw. IV. vol. v. p. 590. « Ibid.
U ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Lands in Little Policott were (bitet^ al.) passed by a fine in 1496 (12 Hen. VH.) between
Thomas Leventhorpe and others, and Sir John Verney, Knt. and Margaret his wife. This
Margaret was the daughter and heir of Sir Robert Whitingham, Knt. of Pendk^y, co. Herts.
Sir John Verney, in consequence of the distinguished loyalty and eminent services of Sir
Ralph Verney, Knt. his father, sometime Lord INLiyor of London, had been permitted to come
to an agreement with the persons to whom, upon the attainder of Sir Robert "Whitingham
(his wife's father) the estates belonging to the latter had been granted by the Crown. Sir Tho-
mas Leventhorpe was of Shcngay Hall, co. Herts, Sheriff of that County and of Essex in 1525,
as had been his father John in 1510. Whether these lands were subsequently in the possession
of the family of Saunders, and merged in the estate which the latter held in Ashendon, has not
been ascertained.
THE ADVOWSON, RECTORY, AND PERPETUAL CURACY.
The Abbey of Notley, at the time of its original foundation by Walter Giffard, Earl of Buck-
ingham, and Ermengard his countess, in the reign of Henry the Second, was endowed with the
tithes of all their lands in Ashendon ; and subsccjucntly received additions to that benefaction
from other contributors.
Thomas de St. Andrew, of Essendeii, gave to the Canons of Notley two acres of land here,
towards the fabric of their church. Walter, son of Henry Bernard, of Chilton (who with Mar-
garet his wife, daughter of Hamon de St. Faith, were also benefactors to the abbey) and Thomas,
another son of Henry Bernard, with the consent of Christiana his wife, granted six acres of land
here to the same convent: and Henry Bernard, and Ermengard his sister, gave one virgate of
land. In 1254 (39 Hen. III.) the Abbat of Notley held in this lordship a carucate of land, given
partly by Walter Bernard, and partly by the ancestor of Thomas de St. Andrew, and one virgate
which had I)ecn bestowed upon the monastery by Walter de Bec.^ Besides these, Richard de
Arcubus, Maurice de Hamm, Hugh de Bukctot, and Gilbert, styled Capellanus de E.ssendon^
gave lands here to Notley Abbey in or before the year 1274 : and the advowson of the rectory is
mentioned in the Charter Rolls of 1199 (1 Job.) and occurs in divers grants and confirmations to
Notley at different periods.- The vicinity of Ashendon to Notley occasioned its early appropria-
tion to the common benefit of the monks, in consequence of the facility with which those eccle-
siastics could celebrate divine service here ; or, as Browne Willis expresses it, " could just step
out from their abbey" to perform the duty, and then "presently return to their convent."^ The
church seems to have been thus supplied without the endowment of a vicarage ; the abbat and his
convent being the patrons of the curacy, and providing its ministers under some domestic regula-
tions of their house.
In 1291 the Abbat of Notley held lands and rents in Essendone,'* valued at \5s. per annum,
and the church at 6/. or nine marks, and having continued to belong to his successors until the
valuation of ecclesiastical property, preparatory to a dissolution of religious houses, in the reign of
Henry VIII. this impropriation was then included amongst the spiritualities of Notley, at 22/.
per aim. subject to the payment of 10,y. 7\d. for procurations and synodals to the Archdeacon
' Abbas de Nolhelec tenet in eadcm villa unani carucatam t're, undc qucdam pars est de dono Walteri Bernard et
quedam de dono ancestr' Thom. de S'c'o Andrea, ct unam virgatam t'rc de dono Walteri de Beck. Hot. Hund. 39.
Hen. III. vol. i. p. 23.
' See Notley in Crendon. ^ Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. ' Taxat. Eccles. P. Nic. pp. 3i. 46.
ASHENDON with POLICOTT. 35
of Bucks. The advowson then coming into the King's hands, was, in 1542, granted "to the
Dean and Chapter of Oxford, by the King then newly founded," as "parcel of the possessions of
Notley Abbey," to hold to the Dean and Chapter and their successors for ever.' About four years
afterwards, the foundation at Oxford being changed, a new grant was made to the Dean and
Chapter of Christ Church, which included, inter al. Ashendon rectory, and half a yard land in
Polycote Park, to be held in free alms;^ and at length, the King converting his college into a
cathedral church, in the valuation of the spiritualities of the cathedral of Oscney, " the parsonage
of Ashendcne," parcel of the late monastery of Notley, was rated at 16/. 13*. Ad? The land in
Policote Park was probably the same which had been given to the convent of Notley by Walter
Bernard, and the ancestor of Thomas de St. Andrew.'*
The rectory, or parsonage, consisting of about 108 acres, was held by Richard Grenville, Esq. of
Wotton, under a lease dated 6th Nov. 1708, of the Dean and Canons of Christ Church, for 21
years, at 14/. 13*. 4f/. per ami. seven quarters of wheat, and twenty quarters of barley-malt,
the price being fixed in the same manner as a similar rent paid out of an estate in Little Policott
to Lincoln College.^ The lease was renewed 20th Nov. 1736, for the like term of 21 years,
to Richard Grenville, Escj. son of the former lessee, with a reservation of 10/. per ami. to be
paid to the curate for the time being. In 1770 (11 Geo. III.) the Dean and Canons, as impro-
priators, were enabled, by an act of parliament for inclosing the open and common fields in this
parish, to exchange the rectory and tithes, valued at 70/. 5*. 6(/. per ann. (exclusive of the
tithes of Little Polycote) for certain allotments, called ''the Sheep-walks, Launder s-mead, and
part of Brook-mead, in Ashendon, with the ancient glebe (excepting the rectory-house, called
Priest' s-lodging, with its homestall) for Barkham Hill, Cowpasture Hill, Mollet's, Hayne's Hill,
and part of Hayne's Hill-foot;" which lands, previously belonging to Richard Grenville, Es(j. after
this exchange, became vested in the Dean and Canons ; and the late impropriate rectory being
transferred to Richard Grenville, Esq. descended, with the principal estates of his family, to their
present possessor, Richard Grenville Nugent Chandos Temple, Duke of Buckingham and Chan-
doS, K.G. ^^— '^QQ
The Churches of Ashendon and Dorton being in the same patronage, though not episcopally
united, and of small value, have been held usually by the same Incumbent, at least ever since
the Advowson has belonged to the Dean and Canons of Christ Church : one instance only having
occurred of the nomination of distinct Ministers : but the custom having prevailed of appointing
one Perpetual Curate for both of them, they are now deemed to be consolidated,'' under the
title of
the perpetual curacy of ashendon and dorton.
The Living was augmented in 1760 with 200/. by the Governors of Queen Anne's Bounty; in
1786 with 200/.; and in 1788 with 200/. in addition to a benefaction of 200/. of Anne Baroness
Godolphin ; who, fulfilling the generous intention of Francis Lord Godolphin, her deceased
husband, appropriated very large sums of money for similar purposes.
The Curacy of Ashendon and Dorton was certified in 1810 and 1812 of the value of 83/. per ann.
the stipend of the Curate 60/. and the house of the minister as " a small cottage unfit for residence."^
• Rot. Pat. 34 Hen. VIII. Test. 15 Sep. and Willis's Hist, of Cathedrals, vol. ii. p. -ilO. ' Rot. Pat. 38 Hen. VIII.
p. 8. Test. 11 Dec. ^ mSS. Harleian, in Mus. Brit. no. 4-316. f. 5G. and Monast. Angl. vol.ii. p. 169.
* p. 34. and Rot. Hund. 39 Hen. III. vol. i. p. 23. * p. 33. * Return of the Perpetual Curate, dated 1826,
■ Dioc. Returns, p. 86.
36
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
The sources of ecclesiastical income, being described as " two stipends, two fee-farm rents, aug-
mentation, bouse, land, and surplice fees,"' were in the printed returns of 1818 stated to amount
to 120/. fcr ann.^
Willis remarks that "Ashendon is not a peculiar, but was pretended to be so, by the College
of Christ Church;" 3 and that it is subject to Episcopal and Archidiaconal visitation by the
Bishop of Lincoln and Archdeacon of Bucks, and is included in the Rural Deanery of
Waddesdon.
The custom of preaching a sermon here annually to commemorate the bounty of Sir John
Bucktot, arising out of the ancient provisions made for masses for their benefactors by the Statutes
of Lincoln College, was kept up until within the memory of many persons living in Ashendon in
1827 ; who relate that it had been usual on such occasions for a deputation of the Follows of the
College to attend divine service in the church here, and afterwards to celebrate the- anniversary
(6th November) by a convivial entertainment and hospitality at their manor-farm of Little Poli-
cott, called Lincoln College-house ; but both these good customs have been discontinued.
PERPETUAL CURATES OF ASHENDON WITH DORTON.
John Griffith, 1483.
William Meade, 1536.
John Penley, 1539.
Richard Asex, Presbyter, 1543.
John Golding, 1561.
William Inr/ky, appointed by the Dean and Canons
of Christ Church, Oxford, 12 Dec. 1594.
William Hohson, 6 April 1608.
William Johnson, l!) July 1609; was at his death
succeeded by,
Thomas Taylor, A. B. 18 July 1624 ; who was cu-
rate in 1650.
Hugh Hart, 1663, Curate of Ashendon.
John Moseley, Curate of Dorton 1663.
Richard Clegg, licensed 17 Oct. 1664. He was of
University College, Oxon, A. M.22 Oct. 1664.
John Law, 1666 and 1669.
Robert Vicaris, licensed 1671. He was of St. Al-
ban Hall, Oxon, A. M. 18 Oct. 1664.
Thomas Gerard, 1673 : of Ch. Ch. Oxon, A. M.
7 June 1672.
Walter Hinchley, A. M. 1676; licensed by the Bi-
shop of Lincoln 1678 : of Ch. Ch. Oxon, A. M. 30
June 1671; occurs Curate in 1695.
John Robinson, A. M. 1701. He was of Ch. Ch.
Oxon, A. M. 27 Mar. 1699, B. D. 20 Oct. 1711 : re-
signed this Curacy, and was succeeded by
Timothy Marliham, A. M. 1703: of Ch. Ch.
Oxon, A. M. 18 Dec 1699.
Thomas Barmvell, A. M. 1713 : of Ch. Ch. Oxon,
A. M. 13 Oct. 1711.
Thomas Fenton, A. M. of Ch. Ch. Oxon, 20 Apr.
1713, signs Curate here in 1722.
Vincent Warren, A.M. of Ch. Ch. Oxon, 12 Mar.
1718, signs Curate 1722 and 1725.
Abraham Gregory, 1726 and 1732. He was of Ch.
Ch. Oxon, A. M. 20 June 1727.
John Kipling, A. M. signs Curate 25 Sept. 1754.
He was of Ch. Ch. Oxon, A. M. 1 1 July 1720, also
Master of Thame School, co. Oxon : and Perpetual
Curate of Chearsley.-' He resigned and was suc-
ceeded by
Samuel Long, who signs Curate of Dorton, in the
register in 1754: as does
Charles Kipling, A. M. 25 Dec. 1762 : the son of
the former minister of the same name. He was of
Wadham Coll. Oxon. A. M. 7 July 1759; also Vicar
of Oakley, and Perpetual Curate of Chearsley and
Chilton. 5 He was succeeded by
John Bradford, A. M. 10 Aug. 1810 : who was of
Ch. Ch. Oxon, A. M. 26 June 1790: Head Master
of Oakham School, co. Rutland, 1796; resigned that
office in 1809 : was instituted in 1822 to the Rectory
of St. Mary and St. Leonard in Wallingford, with
the Chapelry of Satwell annexed ; and died 6 April
1829 : being succeeded in this Benefice by
John Oakley Hill, A. M. Student and Tutor of Ch.
Ch. Oxon, nominated 13 July 1829, by the Dean and
Canons of Ch. Ch. and licensed by the Bishop.
Dioc. Returns, p. 94.
lb. p. 129. ' MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon.
See Chearsley. = See Chilton.
ASHENDON with POLICOTT. 37
THE CHURCH.
The Church is dedicated to the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin, and an annual feast is observed
in the month of September. The building is on the summit of a high hill, and consists of a nave
50 feet long, with a south aisle, a square tower at the west end about 30 feet high, with a plain
parapet, a chancel at the east end 28 feet long and 16 feet wide, and a small porch on the south
side, all covered with lead, excepting the chancel, which is tiled. On the eastern gable is a small
stone cross.
The porch has been reduced in size, but is still the principal entrance.
The porch was anciently a necessary member of every church. The porch at Milton, in Kent,
is mentioned A. D. 682. It was devoted to several ecclesiastical rites. King Edward I. was
married in the church porch.' In a Rubric printed in 1515, " secundum usum Sarum," instruc-
tions are given for the performance of this ceremony, by which it appears to have been usual to
celebrate it in the porch. " Statiiantur ante ostium Ecclesice, sive in faciem Ecclesiai coram
Deo, et sacerdote et populo." In the churching of women, "post partum," the priest was to go
to the door of the church, where the woman kneeling received the benediction. The 23d Psalm
was sung; she was then led into the church, and the service concluded before the altar. The
porch was also used for baptism. " Stans igitur in ecclesiae limine sacerdos interrogat catcchizan-
dum, stantem ad fores ecclesiae:"^ and the person to be baptized was not admitted until after cer-
tain questions and ceremonies : which accounts for the custom of placing the font near the
entrance of the church. The inquiries being satisfied, and prayers offered, the person was
admitted into the congregation : " Ducat eum in ecclesiam, dicendo, Ingredere in sanctam eccle-
siam Dei et accipias benedictionem ccelestem a Domino Jesu Christo." ^ The porch has been
considered a necessary protection against the inclemency of the weather;* but the practice of
baptizing being anciently by three immersions, the effect of cold does not seem to have been
much regarded ; and there was probably some other reason for using the porch, and perhaps the
mystical allusion to an admittance by baptism within the church itself, and being afterwards con-
ducted under the rood or cross to the altar was deemed symbolical of the progress of a Christian.
The porch was also a place of sanctuary, of which history presents many remarkable instances. It
was always left open : and the profanation of it would have been thought so heinous a sacrilege,
that the veneration entertained for the sacred precincts preserved the porch from improper intru-
sion or injury, being in the early ages wholly appropriated to the purposes of religion, charity,
and mercy.
At the west end of the tower above the door is a mullioned window with a pointed arch : on
the north side of the nave, a small narrow window, two clerestory windows with mullions, trefoil-
headed lights and small trefoils in the spandrils ; and on the south side three. In the aisle, one
window of three lights, another with two, having small trefoils and slips in the point of the arches.
The chancel windows are modernized, reduced in size, and despoiled of their mullions and tracery.
Between the nave and the tower is a pointed arch : a screen of masonry in the lower part of it,
having in it a door to the belfry, in which hang three small bells, and the ancient Saints bell.
Near the east end of the aisle is a niche for a piscina ; and another in the chancel, under a nail-
' Somers's Hist, of Canterbury, p. 167. ' Missal, secund. Usum Rom. Ecol. 1523.
3 Gibson's Codex. * Gent. Mag. vol. Ivii.p. 661.
38 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
headed arch. In the eastern pier between the nave and aisle is a square perforation, and above it,
steps of ascent to the rood-loft ; recentlv closed.
The font is plain and columnar, standing under the western arch on the south side of the nave.
The pulpit in the north-east angle. The nave and aisle are partly pewed, but have many of the
old open seats remaining: and the brackets of the beams of the roof are rudely sculptured: the
cieling of the chancel coved. The Creed, the Decalogue, and the Lord's Prayer, inscribed on
tablets of wood affixed to the north wall of the nave : the floor paved with red tiles : the com-
munion-table mean, and (1829) without rails. Near the steps of ascent to it is a bracket-arch, or
anchoret, with a border of foliage, and sculptured finial about five feet high. Under the arch lies
the statue of a Crusader in chain-mail, his right leg crossing the left : the hauberk or shirt
descending to the knees, and the plaited skirt of the surcoat to the middle of the leg. His left
hand holds the scabbard of a large sword slung in a belt ; his right grasping the hilt, as in the
act of drawing it : on the left arm a large pointed shield. The head of the statue being broken
off, has been replaced on a new neck lengthened into hideous disproportion, and the features,
helmet, and aventaiUe or collariiim (if such there were) covering the throat, defaced : at the feet
is a sinister lion couchant guardant. Besides thick coats of white-wash, with which the whole
was covered, a daubing of coarse black paint formerly imparted a most disgusting appearance to
this figure, which probably belonged to the twelfth or thirteenth century ; but has been assigned
to Sir John Bucktot, or, as Lysons calls him, " Biig(le?i of Policote."' Willis mentions that the
minister of the parish informed him, — it was designed for Bucktot, who gave the manor of Little
Pohcote to Lincoln College. The fashion of the armour sufficiently refutes the assertion, even if
that l)enefactor had not been an ecclesiastic : and Lysons's conjecture, that it was " one of the
Stafford family," is opposed by the circumstance of their not having acquired Policote until long
after the period to which the style of the effigy must be referred. Of the supposed " chevron on
the shield" there are no traces. If, however, conjecture were allowable, the statue might be
assigned to one of the family of Cressy : ancient Lords here. It has likewise been imagined to
have some relation to John de Adyngrave, who (according to Willis) between 1320 and 1340 was
licensed to found a chantry in his manor of Ashendon : but it unfortunately happens that no other
account is discovered which establishes the fact of his connection with this church or manor.^
Two small escutcheons of arms, painted on board, are affixed to the wall near the monument:
but in the time of Willis they were annexed to the rood-loft. One of them is defaced : the other
retains the arms of Cheyne of Drayton-Beauchainp, Cheque, Or and Jz. on a fess Git. three sal-
tires Or? This coat probably belonged to William Falconer, Esq. of Ashendon, who married
Elizabeth Cheyne, of Drayton, and for whose family the north aisle of this Church was a burial-
place : but having been entirely demolished, the following account of their mausoleum, preserved
by the diligence of Willis, has supplied probably the only description of it now remaining :
" Over the door, which on the north side led into a large vestry, was the date 1554, and
W. W. I. This was a burial-place, and contained a lofty and fair monument, with a recumbent
statue in a recess, and having, on a tablet of black marljle, the following inscription :
" In memoriam Guliclini Fawcouer dc Lavcrstoke, in com. Wilts, Arm. filii Gulielmi Fawconer de Ashen-
den, in com. Bucks, et Elizabethae Cheyne de Drayton, qui decessit 1° Dec. 1609, a>tatis sua; 84."
" In memoriam Janre uxoris Gulielmi Fawconer, filia; Hen. Uvedale de More Crichel, com. Dorsett, Armio."
Mugn. Brit. vol. i. p. iy<t. ' Willis's M8S. in Bibl. Budl. Oxon. ^ Scu Drayton and Pedigree of Cheyne.
ASHENDON with POLICOTT. 39
In the middle, on another black marble :
To the living memory of Anne Winchcombe, wife of Benedict Winchcombe, of Noke, in the County of Oxon,
Esq. and daughter of Will. Fawconer, of Laverstoke, in the County of Wilts, Esq. who died 26 of August in
the year of our Lord 1630, and of her age 69.
Still mortify'd, now dead, she here doth f^e
In earth, whose life and death were heavenly.
Would Heaven, like her, grant what the poor would crave.
Her liouse should have her still, and not the grave.
Below, on squares of marble :
E quibus nati sunt Henricus Fawconer, immature Fato succumbens, et Anna Fawconer, nupta Benedicto
Winchcombe &, Editha Fawconer nupta Johanni Webbe de Odstoke, in Comitatu Wilts, Equitis Aurati.
Willis has a note on this inscription, stating that Benedict Winchcombe had a monument at
Noke, near Oxford, and died 20th May, 1623; referring to Le Neve as his authority: and the
latter ' mentions Benedict as son and heir of Thomas Winchcombe, and the husband of Anne,
daughter and coheir of William Fawconer, Esq. that he died at Noke without children, leaving
Mary, his only sister, his heir, and married to William Hall, Esq. : that Jane Bradshaw, grand-
mother of Benedict Winchcombe, was also buried at Noke : that Benedict Winchcombe made
his sister's eldest son, Benedict Hall, his heir and sole executor ; who erected a monument at
Noke, in memory of his uncle.^
On another :
Hoc monumentum erectum fuit, A. D. 1632, impensis et cura TIio. Hawles, (q. Hall ?) cui pro ejus cognato
executoreque grato &. fideli inter castera hoc munus mandavit per testamentum suum Anna Winchcombe pie
providens a;que parentum suorum ac sui ipsius Memoriffi.
At the top. Arms : Sa. three falcons Erm. beaked and legged Or ; impaling, Arg. a cross (or
q. saltire?) Gu. Crest, on a torse, a falcon rising; round his neck, a wreath.
Below. Sa. three birds as above : and under it a man and a woman kneeling, with these arms :
Arg. a cross or saltire Gu. On an altar adjoining to the lower part of this monument, the
effigies of a woman , and on a black marble tablet in the pavement the same inscription as on
the monument, with the like arms, viz. Fawconer, or Falconer, impaling Cheyne."-^
In the nave. On lozenges of white marble in On a mural tablet at the west end of the nave :
the pavement are the following Inscriptions : !„ memory of John Lucas, who died June lltli,
John W^ebb, died the 25th of April 1773, aged 21 1756, aged 69. Also Mary, his wife, wlio died Sep-
years, tember 27th, 1778, aged 60,
William Rose, died Dec. 8th, 1778, aged 25. ^^j^j„ ^,^^3^ „^^^^^ ^^^ bodies lie at rest,
Also William, his son, died Dec. 8th, 1778, aged 1 1 ^ill Christ our King shall raise us with the blest;
For at whose coming we are shure to see
months.
Thomas Rose, died Dec. 16th, 1780, aged 69. Qur Saviour Christ'our righteous judge to be.
Mary, the wife of Thomas Rose, died March 17th, Qn another on the north side :
' ' ° ■ Li memory of William Cronford, who died Sept.
On a small lozenge-shaped stone in the pave- 6th, 1798, aged 29 years.
™^"* ■• On a white stone :
In memory of Urseli, wife of John Lucas, who died j^ memory of Anne, wife of Richard Humphreys,
March ye 4th, 1741, aged 49 years. j^^^ ^j^^ ^U^j j^„_ ^Qth, 1812, aged 38 years.
' Monument. Anglic. 1600—1649. " MS. Bowles. ' Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodi.
40
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
On small tablets, or slabs :
Here lieth the body of Honour, the wife of Samuel
Bampton, who died Sept. the 13th, 1729, aged 55.
Here lieth the body of Samuel Bampton, who died
Sept. y« 23d, 1789, aged 78 years.
Here liedi the body of Samuel Bampton, who de-
parted this life the 28th day of April, 1760, aged 59
years.
Also, Tiiomas, son of Samuel and Ann Bampton,
jun. who died the 7th Sept. 1778, aged 13 days.
Anne Bampton, wife of Samuel Bampton, died the
6th of April, 1781, aged 76 years.
Mary Bampton, daughter of Samuel and Ann Bamp-
ton, who died die 5th Feb. 1797, aged 14. years.
Here lieth the body of Ann, the wife of Samuel
Bampton, who died Feb. the 27th, 1797, aged 35 years.
Samuel Bampton, died Dec. 8th, 1797, aged 52 years.
On a mural tablet of wliite marble on the
south side of the nave :
Samuel Bampton, died 16th March, 1815, aged 39
years.
On a lozenge :
In memory of Martha, wife of John Eagleton, who
died Feb. the 12th, 1769, aged 30 years.
Affliction sore long time I bore,
Physicians were in vain :
At length it pleased
My God at last
To e;ise me of my pain.
On a black tablet :
In memory of William Eagleton, wlio died Feb. 4th,
1780, aged 72.
Also, Frances, his wife, died March 4th, 1781,
aged 79.
On another:
In memory of John Eagleton, who died July 7th,
1801, aged 58.
After a short but sharp affliction here,
I took leave of my vvife and
children dear:
Lo ! here I lie in this soft bed
of dust.
To wait the resurrection of the just.
On a slab in the south aisle :
Here lieth the body of the Rev. Mr. John Rice, who
died June the 15th, 1723.
Also, John Rice Clement, who died Nov. the 11th,
1725, aged 11 months.
On a mural tablet at the west end of the nave:
Erected to the memory of Charlotte Garrett, wife of
Thomas Garrett, and daughter of Samuel and Ann
Bampton, late of Pollicott, who died 27th of October,
1826, aged 42 years.
On another in the south aisle :
Erected to the memory of Mary Garrett, wife of
Francis Beesley Garrett, who died 6th August, 1826,
aged 16 years. Also, Mary Ann Garrett, daughter of
Francis and Mary Garrett, who died 18th June, 1827,
aged 22.
On another :
Erected to the memory of Hannah Garrett, wife of
Thomas Garrett, late of Geydon, in the county of
Warwick : died 22d May, 1827, aged 77 years.
PAROCHIAL CHARITIES.
Mr. John Haut, in 1664, left by will a rent-charge for the apprenticing of poor boys belonging to the several
parishes of Ashendon, Brill (where he resided) ' Chearsley, Chilton, Long Crendon, Grendon-Underwood,
Haddenham, and Oakley. The amount to this parish was returned at 1/. 12s. ])er ann. subject to '^s.QnL land tax."
Contiguous to die church-yard are some decayed cottages, called " Church Houses," perhaps part of the
endowment for maintaining a light or keeping obits in the church, which in 1559 was granted by King
Edward VI. to John Howe and John Broxholme in free soccage, then in the occupation of Richard Coke, and in
die King's hands, amongst the lands left for superstitious uses.' In many instances, such has been the origin of
tenements of a similar description, common in villages by the sides or near the verge of the church-yard, where,
as in Ashendon, they are usually occupied by poor persons, placed therein by the Minister and Churchwardens,
as a parocliial almshouse.
ASTON MOLINS, or ASTON BERNARD.
This hamlet, now consisting of a single farm-house, though included in the Himdred of Ashen-
don, being part of Dinton, in the Hundred of Aylesbury, will be more appropriately described in
the history of that parish."*
Parocli. Returns, 26 Geo. .
p. 58.
3 Rot Pat 3 Fa
ASTON SANDFORD. 41
ASTON SANDFORD.
Aston, Ast or East town, anciently Estone, was, at the Compilation of Domesday Book, sur-
veyed as part of the Hundred of Burnham, from which it is detached, by the interposition of
Aylesbury Hundred, to the distance of several miles ; and could not have derived its appellation
from the relative situation in regard to that hundred, but perhaps from being on the eastern side
of a small brook which divides Haddenham from this parish, or more probably from Haddenham
itself, which In the Saxon time was possessed by the same lord: and the name of East Town
might therefore have been given to this place to distinguish it from a small hamlet, likewise part
of the estate of that ancient possessor, called Jf'est-end, on the opposite side of Haddenham :
the addition of Sandford being subsecjuently atquired from the family of its Norman owners.
Aston Sandford is bounded on the north and east by Dinton, and its hamlets of Aston-Molins
and Ford : on the south-east and south by Monks Risborough and Princes Risborough : on the
south-west by Ilmere, Kingsey (with its hamlet of Tythorpe in Oxfordshire) and Haddenham ;
forming the north-west part of the detached portion of the Hundred of Ashcndon,' and on the
verge of the vale of Aylesbury towards the south-west. It is computed to contain 950 acres.^
The soil is a deep, stiff, blue clay, without any intermixture of sand or gravel.
Although included in the Hundred of Burnham at the Norman survey, it is traditionally
reported to have been anciently reckoned to belong to Aylesbury, or Elesberie Hundred.
The Manor. The Saxon possessor was Solinz, a roan belonging to Tosti Earl of Northum-
berland, who could sell it. Tosti, who likewise possessed Haddenham, Brickhill, and Fawley,
in Bucks, was the son of Earl Godwin, of Kent, enjoyed the Earldom of Northumberland in the
days of King Edward the Confessor, who had married his sister, and was brother of Harold.
Moreover, he was a man of so much spirit, that accompanying Aldred Archbishop of York to
Rome, in the time of Pope Nicholas the Second, when the Holy See was regarded with the
utmost veneration by almost all Europe, upon some ill treatment experienced by the Prelate,
Tosti boldly told the Pope, that, as the thunders of excommunication were the scorn of petty
thieves and robbers around him, they were not likely to be much regarded in distant countries :
and if the goods of which Aldred had been robbed in his territory were not restored to him, the
King of England would put a stop to the tribute paid to St. Peter : — which had so much weight with
his Holiness, that he confirmed the appointment of the Archbishop (before refused) and gave
Aldred the Pall.^ Tosti married Judith, daughter of Baldwyn Earl of Flanders, but was forcibly
ejected from his Government of Northumberland by the people, and fled to St. Omers, where he
continued until the death of King Edward, after which, joining with the King of Norway in an
expedition against his brother Harold, King of England, he was slain in a battle near Stanford
Bridge, in Yorkshire, and left no issue.
Of Solinz, who held Aston under this Earl, no account seems to have been preserved, but that
he might sell his land. After the Conquest, the manor was part of the possessions of Maigno
' See p. 3. ' In the Agricultural Survey 685 acres. Priest's Appendix, No. 1. = Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 5.
VOL. I. G
42 ASHENDON HUxNDRED.
the Briton, and at the time of the survey Odo held under Maigno four hides and a half in Estone.
There were four carucates and a half, that is, land suffieient for four ploughs and half of the fifth.
There were three ploughs in the demesne, and three villeins with four bordars had one and the half.
There were six servants : pasture for two teams. Altogether it was worth one hundred shillings.
When jMaigno first had it 41. ; in the time of King Edward one hundred shillings ; so that it had
been depreciated in value, in the wars.'
Maigno Brito, the chief lord of this manor, having the seat of his barony at Wolverton, is
particularly mentioned in the history of that parish. Aston, as a portion of that barony, was held
by the service of performing guard at Northampton Castle, and so continued until the reign of
Henry the Third, when the barony of Wolverton was dissolved, and the lands which had belonged
to it were divided ; ^ but afterwards, until the abolition of feudal tenures, it was reckoned amongst
the possessions of the descendants of the Wolverton family, and held under them as the paramount
lords.
Odo, the subfeudatory of Maigno, may be conjectured to have been the ancestor of the family
afterwards called Sandford ; but of this perhaps there is no proof. Hamo Niger is supposed to
have held this manor amongst his fifteen Knights' fees belonging to the barony of W^olverton ; ^
and in 1199 (1 Joh.) a fine was passed between Alice, formerly wife of W'alter the son of W'illiam,
and John de Sandford, of the dower of the said Alice, in Aston, which had been granted to her by
Walter her late husband.
In the early ])art of the reign of Henry HI. Nicholas dc Sanford held Aston by the service of
one Knight's fee, of the barony of Wolverton,^ and paid two marks for his aid : ^ and in 1234 (19
Hen. III.) one mark for scutage ; and again in the next year,'' as likewise two marks for his aid,
for " one fee in Eston," of the fees of William Ilamon.'''
It is presumed that Nicholas de Sanford did not long survive, and certainly Aston Sandford had
been granted out, by a sub-infeudation, before the 39th of Henry the Third ; for in that year it was
held by Philippa Countess of W^arwick for life, of the heirs of Nicholas de Sainiford ; and those
heirs held it of John Fitz-Alan, by the service of one Knight's fee, suit to the King, wards to
the Sheriff 3a-. ; view of frankpledge As. ; and 9*. hydagc for four hides and a half of land. ^
Philippa Countess of Warwick was one of the three daughters and coheirs of Thomas Basset of
Headington, co. Oxon, second wife of Henry de Newburgh Earl of Warwick, at whose death in
1228 (13 Hen. III.) she gave one hundred marks to the King for liberty that she might marry
whom she would, so that he were a loyal subject. She was soon afterwards married to Richard
Seward,9 Tjvho so little justified the condition of her choice, that he joined the Barons in rebellion
in the 17th of the same reign. However, she was divorced from him, and in her widowhood be-
came a benefactor to the Priory of Bicester, and made provision for a lamp to burn continually
before the altar of St. John the Ba])tist in the conventual church there, for the health of her own
soul, the souls of her ancestors and chUdreu, for so it is expressed, although no account is disco-
' Terra Mannon' Briton". In Burneha' H'd". In Estone ten' Odo de Maignone iiii. hid' et dimid. T'ra est iiii. car' et
dim. Ill d'nio sunt iii. car' et iii. uill'i cu' iiii. bord, li'nt i. car' et dim. Ibi vi. serui. P'tu' ii. car. Int' totu' ual. c. sol. Q'do
recep' iiii. lib. r. r. e. c. sol. Hoc 00' tenuit Solinz lio' Tosti coniitis, et uend'e potuit. Lib. Censual. vol. i. f. 152.
" See Wolverton. ^ Lib. Nig. Scac. vol. i. f. 192. ' Test, de NeviU, p. 248. * lb. p. 253.
•^ lb. p. 259. ' lb. p. 262.
' Eston Sau'ford. Comitissa de Warewik ilia' tenet ad vitam suam de be'dib's Nich'i de Saunford, et ip'i lic'des
tene't illam dc Joh'e fil' Alani p' s'vitiu' uni' milit' et debe't sectam D'no Regi, et Wardam in Vic' iijs. p'd'c'm Ric'
de Braybr'. Et p' visu' i'ranc' pi. iiijs. Et p' hydag' ixs. p' q'tuor hidis et dim. Rot. Hund. 39 Hen. III. vol. i. p. 25.
s Matt. Paris, Hist. p. 387— 41-3.
ASTON SANDFORD. 43
vered of her having issue. She died in 1260, and was buried in the monastery at Bicester of her
father's foundation.' Afterwards this manor reverted to the family of Sandford. Gilbert de Sand-
ford dying in 1250 (33 Hen. III.) left an only child, Alice, his heir, whose wardship and marriage
were obtained by Hugh dc Vere Earl of Oxford, on the payment of one thousand marks to the
King.^
In 1258 a fine was passed of lands here between John the Priest of Wigmore, and Walter Pater-
noster and Alice his wife, declared to be the right of John.^ Robert, eldest son of Hugh Earl of
Oxford, having married Alice de Sandford, in 1262 succeeded to the Earldom of Oxford. Alice
died at Canfield House in Essex, 9th September, 1312, and was buried at Cohie.^ Aston Sand-
ford is not included in the inquisition of her lands afterwards taken,^ but the estate was settled
upon Alphonsus her younger son. In 1320 messuages and lands here were passed by a fine " be-
tween John de Coles and Joane his sister, and William Coles of Aston Saunford, and Maud his
wife," which the said Maud, as her right, granted to John and Joane and the heirs of the body of
John, with remainder to Joane, daughter of John Pycot, and her heirs.^ In 1327 (1 Edw. III.)
another fine was passed of lands here, between Richard de Langeport, and John Tovey of
Kingeseye and Agnes his wife, the right of Richard Langeport.''
In 1341 (15 Edw. III.) the assessors for collecting the ninth or Property Tax, to which this
parish was rated at seven marks, were William Kybald, John Coles, Richard le Taillour, Thomas
Wybourg, John Bovetoun, and Richard Kybald, who returned, that it could not be taxed higher,
because sixty acres of land, which had been sown with beans and peas, did not produce so much as
the seed thereof, and there were no merchants or cattle dealers here.^
Alphonsus de Vere died seised of this manor, in the life-time of his elder brother Robert Earl
of Oxford, being the only one of four brothers who left issue.^ John de Vere his son succeeded
to the honours and principal estates of the family.
By an inquisition at Buckingham, on Saturday next after St. Valentine's day 1351 (25 Edw. III.)
before John Chastillon the King's Escheator, it was found that John de Wolverton died seised,
inter alia, of one Knight's fee, held under him by the heirs of Nicholas de Saunford in Aston
Saunford, estimated at one mark."'
John de Vere Earl of Oxford died seised in 1360," and in 1378 (2 Ric. II.) Edward Prince of
Wales and Earl of Chester died seised of the seigniory of Aston Sandford, held at half a Knight's
fee.i2
The estate was subsequently in the hands of Elizabeth de Vere, widow of John de Vere, Cheva-
lier (son of John Earl of Oxford) who died in his father's life-time; for that Earl directed his body
to be buried in the Priory of Earl's Colne, in Essex, at the head of his sons John and Robert, who
had been interred there.'^ Elizabeth de Vere died seised of this manor and advowson,'"* and
Aston is next traced to the possession of Alberic, surviving son and heir of John Earl of Ox-
ford, and younger brother of Thomas, also Earl of Oxford. He is called Sir Alberic dc Vere
• Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 72. " Rot. Pip. S3 Hen. III. ' Rot. Fin. 4.3 Hen. HI.
4 Weever-s Funeral Monuments, p. 374.. -^ Esc. 5 Edw. H. no. 39. Cal. vol. i. p. 24.9.
^ Rot. Fin. 13 Edw. H. - lb. 1 Edw. HI. " Inq- Nonar. p. 339.
9 See Whitchurch, and Pedigree of Vere : also Esc. 2 Edw. HI. no. 17. Calend. vol. 2 p. 14.
'0 Unu' feod- mil- q'd heredes Nich'i de Saunford tenent in Aston Saunford, et valet p annu' in o'nib's exitib's j'xta
vevu' valore' ejusd' iijs. iiijd. Had. MSS ex Inquis. 25 Edw. HI.
■' Esc. 34 Edw. HI. no. 84. Cal. vol. ii. p. 223. '^ lb. vol. iii. p. 16. '^ Dugdale's Bar. torn. i. p. 193.
" Esc. Cal. vol. iii. p. 191.
44 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
in the will of his brother Earl Thomas, who in 1371 bequeathed to him a coat of mail (which
had been given to the testator by Sir William de Wingfeld) and also a new helmet and a
pair of gauntlets.' He was uncle of Robert de Vere Duke of Ireland (not nephew, as is incor-
rectly stated by Weever 2) and after the attainder of that nobleman, was restored to part of the
family estates, with the title of Earl of Oxford. He died in 1399 (1 Hen. IV.) seised of this
manor,'^ which was afterwards held by Alice his widow, who was married secondly to Nicholas
Shirley, Esq. Alice Countess of Oxford was living in 1422, but how long she survived is not as-
certained. John, her grandson, was beheaded for his adherence to the Lancastrian interests, at the
accession of Edward the Fourth ; but Aston does not occur in the accounts preserved of this family,
until the time of John Earl of Oxford, great-grandson of Alice, who presented to the church, in
1458, having upon Petition obtained restitution of part of his inheritance. By his deed, dated 1st
July 1404 (4 Edw. IV.) this Earl released his intermediate seigniory and rights in this manor (and
other estates) to James Arblaster and John Power, whom he constituted his lawful attorneys."'
In 1474 (14 Edw. IV.) lands in Aston Sandford were passed by fine (with other estates) between
Kenijie, Bishop of London, and others, and Sir John Lcynham, Knt. and Margaret his wife, who
about the same time made divers purchases in this county, as at Sanderton and Horsingdon.^
On the accession of Richard III. Aston Sandford manor was granted to Walter Chaundeller, to
hold by Knight's service, at the annual rent of eighteen shillings. This grant was made whilst
John de Vere Earl of Oxford was imprisoned in the Castle of Hanims in Picardy, having been
attainted, and committed to custody (with other partizans of Henry the Sixth, who were captured
in St. Michael's Mount, in Cornwall, when attempting to defend themselves there) after the battle
of Barnct. However, the Earl effected his escape, and joining Henry of Richmond, was received
with great joy on account of his personal influence amongst the troops, and great military skill:
and attending that Prince to England, when Richard was slain at Bosworth field, the attainder of
the Earl of Oxford was reversed (1 Hen. VII.) by Parliament, and his estates restored,^ so that
this manor afterwards descended to the successive Earls of Oxford, until Edward Vere, seventeenth
' Esc. Cal. vol. iii. p. 191. ' Funeral Monuments, p. 375. ^ Esc. 1 Hen. IV. n". 52. Cal. vol. iii. p. 261-.
* Joliannes Comes Oxon' ora'ib' ad quos presens scriptum p'ven'it, sal'l'm. Sciatis me prcfatum Comitem dedisse,
concessisse, et hac p'senti carta mea confirmrsse, Jacobo Arblastree et Joh'ni Power, d'nia et nianeria de Lauen-
ham et Preston, cum eor' membris et p'tinenc' in com' SufF. ; dominiu' et maneriu' de Langdon", cum p'tinenc' in com'
Essex ; dominia et maneria de Ciiesh'm et Aslon Samjbrd, cum eor' p'tinenc' in com' Buk' ; don.inium de ("liepyng
Norton, cum suis p'tin' in com' Oxon'; dominia et maneria de Abyngdon' et Swafh'm, cum eor" p'tinenc' in com' Can-
tebr'. H'end' et tenend' om'ia p'dict' dominia et maneria, cum om'ib' et sing'lis suis p'tinenc' quibuscunq', prefat' Jacobo et
Job i Power, hered' et assignat' suis, imp'petuu', de capital' D'nis feod' ill' p' s'vic' inde debit' et de jure consuet'. Et
igo p'd'cus Joh'es Comes Oxon' et liered' mei, om'ia p'dicta dominia et maneria, cum om'ib' et sing'lis eor' p'tinenc', p'fat'
Jacobo et Joh'i Power, hered' et assignat' suis, contra om'es gentes warantizabim' et defend' imp'p'm. Et ulterius
nov'itis me p'fat' Comitem constituisse, ordinftsse, et loco meo posuisse, dil'c'm niicbi in Xto Rob'm Skerne, meum verum
et legitimu" Attornatum, ad intrand' et deliberand' p' me et no'i'e meo p'fat' Jacobo et Jolianni Power hered' et assignat'
.-;uis,plenam et pacificam selsinam et possessionem deetinom'ibusetsing'lisd'nijsetmanerijsp'd'c'is cum o'nib'suisp'tinenc',
s'c'd'm vim formam et eff'c'm p'senc' carte nice rat' et grat'; et h'en' h'itur' quicquid meus p'dict" verus et legitimus .4ttorn'
in p'missis seu aliquo p'missor' fecit. In cujus rei testimoniu' huic p'senti Carte mee sigillum meu' apposui. Hijs
testib', Henrico Comite Essex', Thoma Tyrell, Tlioma Montgomery, iSIilitib", et multis ahjs. Dat' jirimo die Julij,
anno Ucgni Regis Edwardi quart! post Conq'ni AngI' sexto." Hatton iMSS Deeds, n°. 1.52.
Seal on red wax, the impression a boar on a wreath on a lielmet of niantlings; the arms of Vere in the lower part.
Legend remaining, " de Veer : Comitis : "
5 Rot. Fin. 14 Edw. IV. See also Sanderton in Langley's Hist, of Desborough Hund. p. 375.
'^ Dugd. Bar. toni. i p. 197.
ASTON SANDFORD. 45
Earl of this family, having succeeded to his father's honours in 156'2' (4 Eliz.) sold great part of
his inheritance ; and soon afterwards this manor was acquired hy Sir William Fleetwood, Knt. of
Great Missenden, Recorder of London, who died seised in 1593. " Aston Sandford appears to have
been given bv Sir William Fleetwood to his daughter Cordelia, who was married to Sir David
Foulis, Knt. of Ingllbv. co. York, and whose title was confirmed by a grant from the Crown in
1610 (8 Jac. I.). The King, on the petition of John Eldrcd, James Collymore, Arthur Ingram,
William Whitmore, Martin Freeman, Lionel Cranfield, Isaac Wooder, William Angcll, Simon
Bennett, and John Cooper, of London, Esquires, and at their request, granted to Sir David Fowlis,
Knt. the manor of Aston Sampford, alias Sanford, alias Sandford, alias Cold Aston, cum pert, with
messuages, lands, &c. in Aston Sandford, Kingsey, Aston-Bernard alias Aston-Molins, Dinton alias
Donnington, Waldridge, Ilmer, and Hadnam,^ to the said manor belonging, and the advowson and
patronage of the rectory and church of Aston Sandford and messuages or tenements in the same
fields, in the occupation of Robert Somerford and Ralph Somerford : other tenements formerly par-
cel of the possessions and belonging to the mansion of John Waters, deceased ; late in the occupa-
tion of John White, Esq. of the Middle Temple, London : messuages, cottages, and closes, formerly
In the occupation of John Hall, " two butts and one rodd," in the possession of John Walton and
John Cresset, or one of them, " a toft and close called Kenner's," and " Kenner's Joycement" of
thirty-six acres, with meadows, lands, &c. adjoining, between the close and the river which divides
Aston-Molins from Haddenham, being eleven acres, and all that part of the river adjoining thereto,
with free fishing and the soil of the river, " a barn or ovel in all the yeards, cum pert.'" in the
upper part of the close called Kenner's Joycement, three acres in Aston Molins, and a tenement in
the occupation of Ralph Rogers (with numerous other lands particularly described) late parcel of
the possessions of Sir David Fowlis, Knt. and confirmed to the King by writing of the said Sir
David, dated 19th July then last ; and enrolled In the Court of Chancery : habend. to Sir
David Fowlis, Knt. his heirs and assigns for ever, by fealty only. In free and common soccage,
&c. ■*
The manor house, near the church, was inhabited by the three daughters of Sir William Fleet-
wood, ^ and the estate afterwards descended, in default of Issue of Sir David Fowlis and Dame Cor-
delia (Fleetwood), to her heirs, In the manner which may be traced in the Pedigree of the Fleet-
woods;<' until, becoming vested In John Fleetwood, Esc|. It was, in or about the year 1737, conveyed
to Charles Pryce or Price, Esq. of Rotherfield Pypard, co. Oxon, a native of Denbighshire, and a
haberdasher of small wares in London.^ Charles Price, Esq. was Sherlft" of Bucks In 1742, and
was In possession of this manor In 1745.
This estate was afterwards conveyed to Henry Hurt, of St. Stephen, Coleman Street, London, who
was in possession of the manor and advowson in 1783, and dying 23d December 1785, bequeathed
the same to his grand-daughter Susannah, one of the daughters of William GInes, Esq. Banker In
London, by whom, in 1789, it passed in marriage to John Barber, Esq. of Cheapside, London,
and Denmark Hill, Surrey, an eminent silversmith. He died 6th October 1809, leaving by the
said Susannah two sons and five daughters. John Hurt Barber, his eldest son and heir, was of
St. John's College, Cambridge, A. B. 1823, and having entered Into Holy Orders was presented to
' See WiiiTciiuRCM, and Pedigree of Vere Earl of Oxford.
" See Missenden, and Pedigree of Fleetwood. ^ Haddenham. ■• Rot. Pat. 8 Jac. I. Test. 25 Jul.
5 Letter from the Rev. Mr. Penn, Rector of Aston Sandford, to Br. Willis, Esq. in Bibl. Bodl.
" See Great Missenden. ' Willis's MSS. vol. xii. in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon.
'46 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
the Rectory of Aston-Sandford. • He married, 21st September 1826, the Lady Milicent Acheson,
youngest daughter of Archibald Earl of Gosford in Ireland. Ambrose Barber, second son, was
of Wadham College, Oxford, A. M. and died there in April 1825 unmarried, at the age of about
twenty-five years, and was buried at Margate, in Kent. Of the daughters, Susannah, Mary, Re-
becca," and Elizabeth, are living (1830) unmarried; Charlotte, the fourth, was married in January
1830 to the Rev. Philip William Douglass, A. M. Rector of Bonby and Horkstow, in Lincoln-
shire, and nephew of William (Van Mildert) Lord Bishop of Durham. Mrs. Susannah Barber,
widow, of West Hill Lodge, Brighton, is the present lady of this manor.
THE VILLAGE
is situated on very low ground, and besides the manor house and the parsonage, consists of only
one small farm house and fourteen cottages dispersed round a small green.
In 1801 the number of inhabitants was 71, in 1811 returned at 70 ; in 1821 there were fourteen
families, all, excepting that of the Rector, employed in agricukure ; including in the whole 40
male inhabitants and 44 females. In 1598 (42 Ehz.) assessment to the Provision money for the
supjiort of the Royal Household lO.v. 9(1.-
Expenses of maintaining the poor in 1776, 31/. 19a. 2d. : in 1785, 31/. 14^. : in 1822, 59/. 6s. :
in 1824,57/. 16*.
THE RECTORY
is in the rural Deanery of Waddesdon, and the advowson has been always appendant to the manor.
In 1291 at the ecclesiastical taxation of Pope Nicholas IV. this rectory was rated at
4/. 13*. 4d. and the same in the valuation temp. Hen. VIII. It is charged in the King's books
12/. 16*. O^d.; tenths i/. 5*. 7^d.; archidiaconals lO.v. 7^d.
In 1585, Queen Elizabeth, on the petition of Sir James Crofte, Comptroller of her Household,
granted to John Walton and John Cresset, Gent, inter alia, two butts and one rood of land left
tor lights in the church here ; ^ and in 1590, at the request of Edward Dyer, Esq. to William Tip-
])er and Robert Dawe, Gent, one acre and a half in Cold Aston alias Aston Sandford, in the occu-
])atiou of Henry Hall and Alice Saunders at (5d. per ami. rent ; being chantry lands vested in the
Crown by Act of Parliament.''
In a terrier of the Rectory, dated 25th May, 1741, is a minute description of the extent of the
glebe lands; 5 and in the parish book an account of the collection of 1/. (Kv. 7d. made here 24th
November, 1678, towards the rebuilding of St. Paul's Cathedral.
The glebe lands are now said to consist of fifty-two acres of meadow.
I See p. l!). ' Ancient Roll. ^ Rot. Pat. 28 Eliz. Test. 12 Apr.
' Rot. Pat. 33 Eliz. and Stat. 1 Edw. VI. cap. IK
■■ Aston .Sandford Rectory, besides the house, has a close of pasture, an orchard, garden, two yards, t»o acres of
land iiaving Pigot's Close on the north ; one acre in West Mead, one in Town Mead, called tilhc plots, set apart in lien of
tithes for those meadows ; two acres in Town Mead ; a large lea and a yard in old Bury Leas, with several acres dis-
l)ersed : a farm in the south-east part of the parish, said to have been inclosed before 1620 with the consent of the
Rector, is exempt from tithes by a modus ; and fourteen acres and a half assigned in lieu of tithes deemed detrimental
to the Rector ; all the rest of the parish and its products titheable. A customary payment of two meals of milk from
all cows kept therein is due on the ^Monday fortnight after Easter, and 11th November annually ; denominated the first
ASTON SANDFORD.
47
RECTORS OF ASTON-SANDFORD.
Henry, presented 1220 by John de Sandford, Knt.
Richard, 1260, by the Lady Philippa Countess of
Warwick, on the death of Henry, last Rector.
Stephen de Haselingford, resigned in 1293 ; and was
succeeded by
Robert de Stebenach or Stevenage, 14 Jan. 1293, on
the presentation of Rob. de Vere Earl of Oxford. He
resigned, and his successor was
Mattheiv de Hardingham, 15 cal. Jan. 1301, on the
presentation of Sir Alfonsus de Vere, Knt.
Mattheiv de Gurnay, resigned in 1316.
William de Donmaive, presented 5 cal. May 1316,
by Sir Alphonsus de Vere.
Roger de Langport, pr. 15 cal. Jul. 1317, on the re-
signation of Donmawe.
Adam de Donmawe, pr. 10 cal. Jun. 1325, on the re-
signation of Langport, by Sir Alphonsus de Vere, Knt.
Robert Barugh, pr. 7 id. Jul. 13 19, by the Lord
John de Vere Earl of Oxford, on the death of Adam,
last Rector ; and having resigned,
William Hurell, was presented 12 cal. Nov. 1353,
by John de Vei-e Earl of Oxford.
Roger Cocklesway, died in 1397.
John de Longford, pr. 16 Aug. 1397, by the Trus-
tees of Aubrey de Vere Earl of Oxford.
John King, died 1422, and was succeeded by
The. Merkaunt, 17 July 1422, on the presentation of
Nicholas Shirley, Esq. and Dame Alice his wife.
Countess of Oxford.
Gilbert Jolybrand, died 1458.
Pace ap Jenner, alias Browne, A. B. presented
5 Oct. 1458, by John de Vere Earl of Oxford.
John Gilby, pr. 11 July 1478 (on the death of
Browne) by Richard Duke of Gloucester.
Roger Barton, pr. 6 Feb. 1498, by the Earl of Ox-
ford. On his resignation,
Simon Bowden, was presented, 20 Mar, 1508; died
in 1513, and was succeeded by
Christopher Taylor, 14 April 1513; being presented
by the Earl of Surrey.
Christopher Walker, (butqu. if not the same person ?)
occurs in 1525 and 1534.
Thomas Stempe, or Kempe, pr. 28 Jan. 1538, by the
Countess of Oxford.
Richard Prank, 22 May 1538, and being made
Rector of Calverton in 1541,' resigned this living to
William Bull, who was instituted 23 Feb. 1542, on
the presentation of the Earl of Oxford ; but deprived,
and succeeded by
James Cheriwck, who was presented 16 Nov. 1554,
by John Earl of Oxford. Fie was also Perpetual Cu-
rate of Long Crendon ; - and dying,
John Mey, was instituted 16 Nov. 1557, on the pre-
sentation of Anne Countess of Oxford. In August
1569, being then D. D. he was made Archdeacon of
the East Riding of Yorkshire, in the Cathedral of
York,^ by proxy; and 8 Oct. 1571 admitted in person.
He was consecrated 29 Sept. 1577 Bishop of Carlisle,
and died in 1598. On liis resignation of this living, he
was succeeded by
Francis Hall, 9 March 1558; but
William Bull, who had been displaced as before
mentioned, was restored by Queen Elizabeth in 1359;
and dying soon afterwards, was succeeded by
Francis Hall, presented, the second time, 17 Sept.
1560, by "John Vere Lord Badlesmere and Viscount
Bulbeck."
Thomas Prowde, A. M. presented 3 June 1589, hav-
ing been previously Vicar of Great Kimbel, which
living he resigned on being instituted to Little Kimbel
and to this Rectory, both of which he held until his
death in 1616.^
John Brooke, A. M. inducted 30 May 1616.
Robert Lenthall, instituted 18 Oct. 1627; one of the
same family as the celebrated William Lenthall, Re-
corder of London, Speaker of the House of Commons,
Master of the Rolls, and one of Oliver Cromwell's
Lords. He resigned this Rectory on being made Rec-
tor of Great Hampden;^ and was succeeded by
Thomas Lillington, A. B. inducted 12 Aug. 1643, on
and last payments. Easter offerings 2d. for each parishioner above 16 years of age ; churching 6d.; marriage by banns
Q,s. 6d. by license 5s. ; burials Is. ; mortuaries according to the Statute. No customs claimed from the Rector. The
parish clerk appointed by the Rector ; wages, 4a?. from each house annually, and a collection at Easter, commuted by
an annual payment of 2/. 10s. " Mem. Tho. Penn Rector, during 35 years took the tithes and occupied his glebe, but
observing the land marks much worn out, and the tenants being changed, caused this survey to be made ; " which is
signed, " Edw. Smith : John Stevens: Sam. Lambert: Thomas Williams."
' See Calvertox. - See Long Crendon.
3 Wood's Athena; Oxon. vol, i. p. 659, and Le Neve's Fasti, p. 327. '' See Kimbel. ' See Hampden.
48
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
the presentation of Mariana Fleetwood, eldest surviv-
ing daughter of Sir William Fleetwood, Knt. niece of
Dame Cordelia Fowlis, wife of Sir David Fowlis, Knt.
lord of this manor, and patron of the Kectoi-y. He
died 6 Dec. 1676.
John Porter, A. M. instituted 13 March 1676: in-
ducted 26 Mar. on tlie presentation of Cordelia Fleet-
wood. He was of Brazen-nose Coll. Oxford, A. M.
30 Ma}- 1665 ; held the ^'icarage of Haddenham from
1684. with this living until 168!), when he quited Had-
denham for the Rectory of Drayton Beauchamp, and
held the latter until his death in 1708, when he was
succeeded here by
Thomas Penn, A. M. instituted 1 July, 1708, and
inducted 19, on the presentation of John Fleetwood,
Esq. He was of I'embroke College, Oxford, A. M.
!) June 1699, and Perpetual Curate of Princes Ris-
borough,' also \'icar of Great Missenden from 1701
until he was made Rector of Aston Sandford. He
died 28 June, 1735, and was buried at Princes Ris-
borough.
FAmund Qiiintin, A. B. inducted 19 Sept. 1755, on
tlie presentation of Richard Quintin, Esq. of Welling-
borough, CO. Northampton, and dying was succeeded by
George Campbell Brodhelt, Clerk, inducted 20 Mar.
1784, on the presentation of Henry Hurt, Esq.
He was the author of " A Sermon preached at the
fifdi general meeting of the Missionary Society, in
May 1799," and died at Loudwater, near Wycombe,
14 June, 1801.
Thomas Scott, pr. 22 July 1801 by Ambrose Martin,
and Tho. Jackson, Esq. and Will. Giles, Gent. Trus-
tees of John Barber, Esq. and inducted 24 July. He
was a native of Braytoft in Lincolnshire, ordained a
Deacon 20 Sept. 1772 at Buckden, by John (Green)
Bishop of Lincoln, being then 25 years of age : be-
came Curate of Stoke Goldington aud Weston LTnder-
wood soon afterwards ; was matriculated at Cambridge
at Clare Hall ; ordained Priest 14 March 1773; quitted
Stoke Goldington in the same year, and removed to
Weston, performing his ecclesiastical duties at both
cliurchcs with remarkable exactness on all the Festivals
appointed. In 1774 again resided at Stoke Golding-
ton, and was preceptor to Geo. \\'riglite, Esq. of Gay-
hurst, son of the patron of that living. In 1775 he
exchanged the Curacy of Stoke for Ravcnstone, which
he held with \^'eston until 1781, having resided in
the. Lodge at Weston, celebrated as the abode of
the poet Cowper. In 1781 he accepted the Curacy of
(31ney. In 1785 was elected Chaplain and Morning
Preacher at the Lock Hospital, London, and removing
thither, officiated also during several years at St. Mar-
garet Lodibury every alternate Sunday morning at six
o'clock ; was appointed, 16 Feb. 1790, Afternoon Lec-
turer at St. Mildred's Bread Street; and 25 March
elected sole Chaplain to the Lock Hospital ; which
office he resigned 3 Feb. 1803, and being presented to
this Rectory fixed his residence here, and soon after-
wards neatly rebuilt the Glebe House, although the
value of the Rectory did not then exceed 200/. per aim.
In 1807 he was created D. D. by diploma from the
College of Carlisle in Pennsylvania, North America,
but never assumed the title of his degree. From 1807
to 1814 he was a diligent instructor of persons prepar-
ing to travel as Missionaries under the auspices of the
Church Missionary Society. His pupils, besides Eng-
lish, were chiefly German Lutheran Clergy, and his
zeal for their improvement was so great that he not
only renewed his study of the Hebrew language after
he had completed his fifty-third year, but having
passed his sixtieth, applied himself to the study of
Arabic and the Susoo language, an African dialect,
supposed to be conducive to the diffusion of religious
instruction ; and encountered, amidst increasing infir-
mities in the decline of life, the formidable difficulties
of perfecting his acquaintance with Oriental Literature.'
He annually preached a sermon for the encouragement
of the Missionary Society; and in the Report in 1820,
it was stated that he had collected in this small and
ohscure village more than 300/. for that purpose. He
was so popular a preacher that in the summer months
it was usual to pitch a tent in the church-yard, having
one of the windows of the church opening into it, for
the accomodation of great numbers of persons who
habitually or occasionally resorted to hear him; the
building being insufficient to contain his congregation.
Mr. Scott's portrait by Collier has been published ;
another by Bond, from a painting by Cosse, is prefixed
to a very instructive Memoir, entitled, " The Life of
the Rev. I'honiiis Scott, Rector of Aston Sandford,
Bucks, including a narrative drawn up by himself, and
copious extracts of his letters ; by John Scott, A. M.
Vicar of North Ferriby, and Minister of St. Mary's,
Hull." ■* His character and a sketch of his life were
delivered in two sermons, 29 April, 1821, by the Rev.
Dan. Wilson, Minister of St. John's Chapel, Bedford
Row ; from 2 Tim. ch. iv. ver. 6, 8, in which it is re-
marked, that "as Chaplain of an Hospital and a parish
See llisBonouGH.
' Scott's Life, p. 382.
5 8vo. 6 ed. Lond. ISU.
ASTON SANDFORD.
49
priest he was on a level with the most pious, diligent,
and zealous of the clergy : that he was the founder of
the Lock Asylum, one of the earliest friends of the
British and Foreign Bible Society, the Societies for
promoting Christianity among the Jews, and the Church
Missionary Society for Africa and the East, to wliich
last he was Secretarj' during two years, and might be
regarded almost its fomider."
He was the author of, 1. The force of Truth ; con-
taining a narrative of some remarkable passages in his
own life; revised by the poet Cowper, 1779, 12mo.
published in Dutch at Amsterdam in 1786, and subse-
quently in French. 2. A Thanksgiving Sermon on
the close of the American War, preached 29 July
1784. 3. A Discourse on Repentance, preached at
Olney and at Paulerspury. co. Northampton, 1785. 4. A
Sermon on Election and Final Perseverance, preached
26 Nov. 1786 in the Chapel of the Lock Hospital.
5. The Plan of an Asylum for persons discharged
from the Lock Hospital, 1787. 6. An abridgement of
the Discourse on Repentance; and 7. Hints to Pa-
tients in Hospitals : — two small Tracts distributed to
persons discharged from the Lock. 8. A Sermon at
Olney, on 1 PhH. ch. ix. ver. 14, 1787: enlarged and
published under the title of a Treatise on Growth in
Grace, 8vo. 9. The Holy Bible with Notes, and a
Commentary in 174 nmnbers, 1st ed. of 3000 copies,
1788 to 1792: 2d ed. 1802 to 1809: 3d ed. 1812 to
1814: stereotype ed. 1818 to 1821. 10. A Sermon
occasioned by the deatli of John Thornton, Esq. of
Clapham, from 2 Cor. ch. v. ver. 14, 15, 1791. 11.
An impartial statement of the Scripture Doctrine in
respect to Civil Government and the Duties of Sub-
jects, 1792, 8vo. 12. The Rights of God; in answer
to Payne's Age of Reason and Rights of Man, 1793.
13. A Vindication of the Divine Inspiration of the
Holy Scriptures and the Doctrines contained in them,
1796. Another abridged edition, 1820. 14. Essays
on the most important subjects in Religion, 1793 and
1794, in numbers every fortnight; re-printed in nu-
merous editions in England and America. 15. Bun-
yan's Pilgrim's Progress, with notes and the life of the
author, 1794, 1795, 1801, 8vo. 16. Twenty-one Ser-
mons on Select Subjects, with Prayers for Families
annexed, 1796 ; undertaken by the desire of Henry
Thornton and Will. Wilberforce, Esq. and published
by subscription. 17. Tlie warrant and nature of Faith
considered, 1797. 18. Four Sermons; — on Repent-
ance unto Life ; the Love of Christ ; the Promise of
the Holy Spirit ; and the Evil of Sin, 1802. 19. Ob-
servations on the signs of the Times, 1799. 20. A
Sermon on Psalm cxvi. ver. 2. 21. A Fast Sermon,
1793. 22. A Fast Sermon, 1794. 23. A Thanks-
VOL. I.
giving Sennon, 1798. 24. A Sermon preached in
St. Anne's Blackfriars, on Whit-Sunday 1801, before
the Society for Missions to Africa and the East, insti
tuted by members of the Church of England. 25. A
Sermon on the death of the Rev. Jeremiah Newell,
^"icar of Great Missenden, with a brief memoir of the
deceased : published for the benefit of his family, 8vo.
1803. 26. A Sermon on the Anniversary of the Lon-
don Missionary Society, from 1 Sam. ch. xvii. ver. 29,
8vo. 1804. 27. The duty and advantage of remem-
bering deceased Ministers : a sermon on the death of
the Rev. Thomas Pentycross, A. INI. more than thirty-
three years Vicar of St. Mary's M'allingford, 1808.
28. On the Spirit and Principles of a genuine Mis-
sionary : a sermon from Acts, ch. xx, ver. 24. occa-
sioned by the death of the Rev. J. C. Barnett, on the
western coast of Africa, 1810. 29. A Sermon in be-
half of the Society for promoting Christianity among
the Jews, from Zechar. ch. viii. ver. 23, preached in St.
Lawrence Jewry, London, 1810. 30. Addresses to the
Missionaries proceeding to Africa in 1811; published
in the Appendix to the 12th Report of the Society.
31. "Joy in Heaven:" a sermon at St. Antholin's,
Watling Street, before the Governors of the London
Female Penitentiary Society, on their 57th Anniver-
sary, from Luke, ch. xv. ver. 10, 1812. 32. A Collec-
tion of Scott's Theological Works, in 5 vols. 8vo. in
numbers, between 1805 and 1808. 33. The substance
of two Speeches, one at High Wycombe in 1812, and
the other at the Meeting of the Vale of Aylesbury So-
ciety, at Haddenham in 1816, in support of the Bible
Society ; published with their Reports, at the request
of the Committees. 34. Chronological Tables to the
Bible, with maps, 4to. 1811. 35. Remarks on the Bishop
of Lincoln's Refutation of Calvinism, 2 vols. 8vo. 1812;
remodelled and published 1817, in one volume. 36.
Light shining out of Darkness : a Thanksgiving Ser-
mon, preached 7th July 1814. 37. The Voice of God
to Britain ; a Sermon on 1 Peter, ch. i. ver. 22-25,
occasioned by the death of the Princess Charlotte of
^^7lles, 1817. Mr. Scott was succeeded by
John Hurt Barber, A. B. inducted 12 Oct. 1821, on
the presentation of Susannah Barber, of Harwich, co.
Essex, widow, Ambrose Martin, of the City of London,
Banker, Thomas Jackson, of Camberwell, in Surrey,
Esq. and William Giles, of Walworth, Gent, and on
his resignation,
Stephen Hurt Lang ston, A. I\I. presented by Susannah
Barber, widow, Ambrose Martin and Thomas Jackson,
Esq. sole surviving trustees of the late John Barber,
Esq. and inducted 12 April 1828. He is also minister
of St. George's church in Sheffield.
50
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
THE CHURCH
dedicated to St. Michael, and built probal)ly in the thirteenth century, is fifty-three feet long
and fifteen wide, and capable of containing about two hundred persons ; ' consisting of a nave
(with a little square wooden turret on the west end of the roof, containing three very old and
excellent bells), a chancel, and on the south side of the nave, a gable-roofed porch. On the north
side are two doors, one into the nave and another into the chancel. The windows arc small and
irregular ; and in one of thern is the effigy of our Saviour in a green vest, his head surrounded
l)y a nimbus ; and with the sacramental emblems in his hands. The pulpit, in the north east
angle of the nave, is very little elevated above the reading desk, within which it stands. Opposite
to it is one large pew ; the greater part of the area being fitted up with plain benches ; and at
the west end is a gallery.
On a tablet of white marble, affixed to
north wall, within the communion rails :
Near this spot
are deposited the remains of the
Reverend Thomas Scott
Twenty years Rector of diis Parish.
He died April 16tl), 1821, aged 74 years.
But
in his writings he will long remain,
and widely proclaim to mankind.
The unsearchable Riches of Christ.
the
On a slab in the pavement,
The Reverend Thomas Scott,
Rector,
died April xvi. mdcccxxi, aged lxxiv years.
Elizabeth King, granddaughter of the above, and
daughter of the Reverend Thomas Scott, M. A. died
June 29, 1806, aged 10 months.
The Register begins in 1G15.
Uioc. Returns, p. 129.
TO IflJLXIAM PIGOTT
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BOARSTALL. 51
BOARSTALL,
BURSTALL, BURGHSTALL, BORSTAL, BORSTALL.
This parish is bounded on the north and part of the east by Brill, on the remainder of the cast
and on the south by Oakley, and on the west by the county of Oxford. It contains about 2550
acres, of which about 200 acres are woodland, the remainder principally meadow and pasture.
The soil is a stift" blue clay, more tenacious in consistence and darker in colour than the stratum
called by modern geologists Oxford clay.
BoARSTALL was included in the ancient
FOREST OF BERNWODE,
a district well adapted to the favourite amusements of the Mercian and Saxon Kings, who,
as well as some of their Norman successors, had a residence on Burgh or Brill-hill in the vicmity.
Whether the name of Bermvode had relation to Bernulphus, successor to Kenulph, grandson of
King OfFa, is mere conjecture ; but this forest was probably the most extensive belonging to his
territories, and long continued to be an object of attraction to the British Monarchs,'
Bicester, anciently Burcester or Berncester in Oxfordshire, was supposed by Plott ^ to have
derived its name from this forest, but Kennet, presuming that the forest did not extend so far
northward, opposed his conjecture.^
Boarstall was near the border of the Forest, but is so much identified with it, in the account of
its ancient state and progressive changes, that the principal particulars respecting Bernewode
may not improperly be inserted as introductory to the parochial history of Boarstall.
The boundaries of Bernewode Forest, in the reign of Edward the First, were mmutely
' Royal forests, maintained chiefly as places of sport for our Kings, were subject to peculiar regulations. In
the earlier periods, the laws concerning them were not so much designed for the preservation of timber, as for the
protection of deer, and the regulation of the rights of common enjoyed by the inhabitants within the regard or purlieus
of the forest. Those rights were exercised under limitations perfectly consistent with the purposes for which the forests
were maintained. The cattle of the commoners were only entitled to that surplus herbage which was more than the
deer required. They were excluded during the fawning month in summer, and from 22d Nov. to ith May : no greater
number was allowed upon any estate than could be maintained levant and couchant thereon, throughout the year : no
sheep or goats were admitted at any time ; no stallions after a certain age ; swine only during the time of pannage
(fifteen days before, to forty days after Michaelmas-day) the commoners being allowed dead wood, bearmg no green
hue, for their fuel : and the laws were extremely severe against offenders who trespassed in the forest. The rights of
common seem to have been in the nature of a compensation for the injury done by the deer to private estates within the
forests ; for whenever any estate was disafforested, and became no longer subject to the range and baunt of the deer, it
was by law deprived of the privilege of common in that part which belonged to the Crown. Report of Commissioners
of Woods and Forests, printed 1792, p. 14.
' Nat. Hist, of Oxon. ^ Paroch. Antiq. vol. i. p. 37.
52 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
ilescribed, as Ijeginning at " Gosachre-land, extending to a rivulet called Thame streme,
])etwcen Thomeley field and IVormehale, including on the right hand the forest, and excluding
all the land on the left ; passing between Shire-mere, between the fields of Thomeley and TForme-
hale, to Brodwey and the Breche, to Otivey.s dyches, Scrohhes, by the Gotecote and HoUoweye
to Menemerch and the Hook of Okewood, over against Short-riidlng's end, so to Denebrokc '
and Suthtvelle-rhige, even to Salfcrofte-style and ffyde-crouche,to Schyremere, Northcrofts, and
Oddestaple ; thence to Stonput, and by the ditch to Merelake and Garcrofte (or Grascroft)
1)clonging to the Abbess of Godstowe, and the ditch at Hurnlake mount ; to Crofteivell-end,
Erneeote hatch, by the ditch to Moleshe and Corhynsnede (or Corbynsredle) and between the
woods of Alan Phmkenet and of John Fitz Nigel to Holwode-hroke, and by the Haye of Longe-
loiide's end to the Hook opposite the Freresloone (or Friars' Close) to Riseford, between the
demesnes of the King and of Adam Plunkenet to Brendelegh, between Pyd'mgton fields, and so
to Stnnford and Hetlieiihurne, between Akeniannc-strete and the divisions of the counties of
Oxford and Backs."^
In 131.5 another perambulation was made, in which the boundaries between Denehi^oke and
Stone-put were called, " Soath-welUieved, Chalkave-style, ffood-cronche, Shiremede, North-
eroffs hurne, and Odstaple, and so to Stoneputts, and having passed Hohoode-hroke I'hentyndon,
iietwecn the woods of the King and Adam Plokenet, and MoiiseicelUdyche, between the former
and Longelands-ende."^
In 1347 a comjilaint was exhil)ited to the King in Parliament, respecting two oxgangs of land in
Oakley, Brill, and Boarstall, within the forest of Bcrnewode ; and Henry de Chalfhunte being;
appointed to inquire and cause justice to be done, the custody of this land, and the Bailiwick of
the forest were committed to Robert de Hadham during the King's pleasure.'*
The office of Forester appears to have been afterwards held uniforndy by the Lords of Boar-
stall, and amongst their evidences are preserved divers accounts of inrjuisitions and other proceed-
ings in consequence of oftcnces against the forest laws.^
In 1363 (37 Edw. III.) an Inquisition being held at Brill l)efore William of Wykeham, Keeper
of the King's Forests within Trent, touching the Forest of Bernwode, it was returned by Robert
D'Arches, Lieutenant to John Appulby, Keeper of the Forc^st, and other jurors, that Thomas Fitz
Nelc of Arneotc, had on a certain day therein named, in 3G Edw. III. killed one deer in the
woods of the Prior of Biirce.ster, near Paunsale, with a bow and arrows, &c. that the inhabit-
ants of Dorton have no common right in the said forest, but are indel)ted to the aforesaid John
Appulby 13.V. 4d. for the agistment of their cattle; the inhabitants of Wotton4.y. Ludgareshale
13.y. Ad. Upper and Nether Arncote, co. Oxon. 26.y. Sd. Studley VSs. Ad. Ashendon and Mer-
lake 6*. Sd. Also that John Wrench killed one deer in the Bailiwick of the Frith, and was a
common malefactor, ^c.*" By another Inquisition in 1364 before Peter atte Wode, on Monday
after St. Lambert (38 Edw. III.) it was found that Hugh de Morf, a forester, had killed a deer :
and it was also returned that the foresters ought to appear at the Swanemote, &i.vJ This Peter
Dciibi-ochc, a rivulet siipiiosod tlie division between Oxfordshire and Bucks, according to Kennet, derived its
name from the Danes, who are said to have " fougiit many battles in this forest." Croke's Clenealogical History,
p. 432, 3, citing Studley Chartulary, f. 51, 54.
' Collect. VV. Wyrley, f. 9, G. Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. i. p. 159. ' Ibid. p. 528, 9.
' Rot. Pari. 21 and 22 Edw. III. vol. ii. p. 215, 16. PLot. Orig. 21 Edw. III. ro. 23. Abbrcv. vol. ii. p. 187, and
22 Edw. III. ro. 29. Abbrcv. vol. ii. p. 196.
5 Boarstall Chartulary. <= Ibid. Kennct's Paroch. yVntin. vol. ii. p. 139. ' Ibid.
BERNWODE FOREST. 53
atte Wode was deputy to William of Wykeham, Justiciary of the King's Forests ; and by another
Inquisition taken before him at Headington, co. Oxon. it was found that the men and tenants
of Brill, Borstall, and Ode within the forest, possessed, as all their predecessors had done, the
right of depasturing their cattle throughout the whole forest (excepting the Haye of Ixhull only)
without molestation from the Keeper or any other officer at all times, excepting in the fawn
month.'
In a grant made to Nicholas Smythe, Gent, in 1590, the names of many ancient woods, coppices,
and divisions of Bernwode forest were enumerated, with their respective admeasurement ; ^
and in the reign of King James the First, when the Forestership and the Lordship of Boarstall
had passed into the hands of Sir John Dynham, Knt. he procured for himself and his tenants ^ a
release for all purpresture, transgressions, " et alia malefica quecunque," in the said forest.
In 1615 (13 Jac. I.) Sir John Croke, Knt. obtained a grant of certain coppices in Bernwode
for '21 years, at a reserved rent of 51/. per cum. which, after his death in 1627, came to his relict
Katherinc and her second husband. Sir John Dormer, Knt. of Crcndon, and were united with the
assart lands here, granted in 1619 to the same Sir John Dormer at 1/. 14*. Id. per ann^ and the
reserved rents payable by Sir John Dormer under the several grants in the 5, 8, and 17 Jac. I.
were, in 1624 for good services, granted to John Pennington, Esq. his heirs and assigns from
Michaelmas then past, for 31 years.^
In 1618 the King, on payment of a large sum by Sir Francis Stuart, K. B. granted to James
Ouchtcrlony, Knt. and Richard Gurnard, citizen and clothworker of London, lands of the value
of 60^. per ann. parcel of the ancient inheritance of the Crown, lately detained and concealed,
lying in Bernwode forest, to hold to their heirs and assigns as of the manor of East Greenwich.'^
In 1623 (21 Jac. I.) a Commission was issued for the disafforesting Bernwode Forest and Sir
John Dormer, Knt. and others. Commissioners allotted to every freeholder of lands in the forest
in the proportion of ten acres for every 103 acres ; and 230 acres for the poorer inhabitants of
Brill and Oakley, in all 577§ acres, chiefly out of the King s lands, and tlie residue out of the lands
of Sir John Dynham.
Afterwards (7 May, 2 Car. I.) Sir Thomas Fanshawe, Knt. was added to the former Commis-
sioners, who were empowered to adjust the claims of all parties concerned; but Sir William Bw-
lace, Edwarde Harte of Brill, and Sir John Dynham, being dissatisfied, a Jury was summoned
by the Sheriff to set out their allotments, which still not being satisfactory, in 1630 a bill was filed
in Chancery by Sir Richard Heath, Knt. the King's Attorney-general, against Sir John Dynham,
' Kennet's Antiq. vol. ii. p. 146. See also p. 51, note.
2 Whoi-le}' coppice 32 ac. Sale Quarter 53 ac. Bare or Bear coppice. Yeoman's coppice 36 ac. Long-hill and
Arborough coppice 72 ac. Gri/mesdiche '29 ac. Fayer-hedge 31 ac. Codley and part of Cockshott 62 ac. iMawcombe
36 ac. Faire ashe 36 ac. Ambrose Quarter 16 ac. Span and Yckenden coppices, and Pinfold Quarter 112 ac. Cock-
shott and Smalley Bagge 33 ac. Letgerslade the elder 18 ac— the younger 37 ac. Buck hedde, alias Dereki/de 31 ac.
Hauford l-i ac. Lodge coppice 32 ac. all leased to Nich. Smythe by the Crown for 21 years, at 5s. per ann. Rot. Pat.
33 Eliz.
3 The names of the Foresters were then enrolled as follows : Augustus Belson, Will. Knight, Edw. Belson, Chphr.
Kendall, Edw. Harte, Clem. Claver, Geo. Carter, Will. Pi/m, Hampden Williams, Will. Serjeant, Edw. West, Geo.
Snowe, Tho. Gregorye, sen. Tho. Gregorye jun. Chphr. Gregorye, John Boys, Edw, Smith, John Coxen, Tho.
Burwyn, Will. Walker, Will. Cox. John Andrews, Tho. Haines, Will. Edwards, Rob. Edwards, Dav. Forster, Arthur
Scolye, Will. Keene, Chphr. Mortymer, Nich. Mortymer, Geo. Francklyn, Jerome Francklyn, Tho. Gibson, Tho.
Ingram, Will. Hunt, Richard Ledall, Humph. Piddington, Geo. Barney, Ralph Beale, Richard Kempe, Yeomen. Rot.
Pat. 8 Jac. I.
^ Pat. 5 Feb. 7 Jac. I. s Rot. Pat. 22 Jac. I. Test. 31 Aug. " Rot. Pat. 16 Jac. L Test. 26 Jul.
54 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Sir Robert Dormer, Sir Timothy Tyrrell, Sir William Borlace, and 136 others, together with the
Warden and Scholars of New College, the Provost, &c. of Queen's, the President, &c. of Corpus
Christi, the President, &c. of Trinity College, Oxford, stating the rights of the Crown to the Fo-
rest of Bcrnwode, the claims of the lords and other inhabitants of the three forest towns of Brill,
Borrestall, and Oakley, the King's royal intention to disafforest the lands, and to make allowances
out of his princely bounty to the claimants, proportioned to their respective rights. After answer
hs the defendants at great length, and a reply by the Attorney-general, the cause was heard, 7th
Nov. 1(532, before Richard Lord Weston, High Treasurer of England, Francis Lord Cottington,
Chancellor of the Exchequer, Sir Humphrey Davenport, Knt. Lord Chief Baron, and the rest of
the Barons, who upon hearing counsel, and the production of two former decrees of 24 Eliz. and
21 Jac. I. decreed that Brill, Borstall,and Oakley were within the forest, and held rights of com-
mon, to the exclusion of all other towns and jilaces, &c. and allotted to the freeholders and cot-
tagers of those places 577^ acres ; so that there remained 1397|: acres of the late forest still belong-
ing to the King. The decree awarded 300/. to Sir John Dynham, Knt. in compensation for
an assignment of certain lands to which he had consented, and for the perquisites of his office
of forester in fee, 21. per aim. being the amount of a fee farm rent formerly reserved to
the Crown, out of which were to be received in future only 10*. per ami. the lands and office
being exonerated from all forest rights : the assignment to the freeholders being, at the rate of
3(1. per acre, and to the poorer inhabitants at 2d. ; amounting to 41. 2s. \0(l. per ami. upon
346 acres, and 1/. 18*. 6r/. upon the lands of the poor, with 20/. per ami. to Sir John Dynham, by
a sj)ecial allotment of the King's lands to that amount. •
By an indenture (18 Jan. 1670) Francis Lord Hawley and others, in consideration of 154/. 18*.
9r/. conveyed to William Wright of Basing, co. Hants, a fee farm rent of 8/. 0*. 10^/. reserved for
divers pastures and woodlands,^ altogether amounting to about 728 acres, with certain tenements
and rents, viz. Paunsale Lodge and Burrenning's tenement, and 11*. 6</. rents for Lethcrslade, or
Ludvvinslade, parcel of the same demesne.
By another Indenture (18 Feb. 26 Car. II.) Sir John Cutler, Knt. and Bart, and Sir John
Howell, Knt. Serjeant at Law, Recorder of London, conveyed lands in Paunsale, or Pawnshill
walk, to Sir John Holman, K. B. of Warkworth, co. Northampton, and Thomas Axe, Esq. of Or-
chard, CO. Somerset.^
After the disafforesting of Bernwode, all the lands formerly included in the forest were subjected
to the ordinary jurisdictions of the hundred over the respective parishes in which they are locally
situated.
THE MANOR.
Boarstall, at the Domesday survey, was included in Brill, and in the custody of the Keeper of
the King's forests. Kennct ascribes to the age of the Confessor the story of Nigel, a forester,
having slain a tremendous wild boar, the terror of the inhabitants of the forest, and on pre-
senting his head to the King, receiving a grant of lands, called the Dere Hyde, a wood, called
Hule Wood, and the custody of the Forest of Bernwode, to himself and his heirs by the service
' From an attested copy of the Decree.
' Called Long-liill, Grimesditch, Arborough, Horlex, Wilcox in Sale Quarter, Fairhedge coppice, Western Heyes,
Paymice-plain, Dogstables, and the Rules. MSS. Lowndes. ^ Ibid,
BOARSTALL. 55
of the horn, called the charter of the forest ; per unum cornu quod est carta predictse forestae,'
paying 10*. per ami. for the land, and 40*. for the custody of the forest ; the King reserving the
rights of herbage and hunting, i. e. vert and venison. " On this land," proceeds the legend,
" Nigel built a mansion called Borestalle, in memory of the slain boar." Kennet says that most
part of this tradition is confirmed by good authority, and refers to the chartulary of Boarstall, a
transcript of evidences of the time of Henry the Sixth, as a corroborative proof, by the delineation
of Boarstall house and manor, having in the foreground the sculpture of a man kneeling, and pre-
senting the head of a boar, on the point of a sword, to the King, who gives him a shield of arms,
viz. Argent a fess Gules, between two crescents and a horn. The author remarks, that this
blazonry could not agree with the time of Nigel, yet that " it is most likely he did receive from
the King a horn, as a token of his otiice of Forester, and that his successors the Fitz Nigels
bore those arms :" moreover, that the scene of the presentation of the Ijoar's head remained
carved on a bedstead in the ancient house of Boarstall : that the same arms were, in 1G85, in the
windows ; and " the original horn tipped at each end with silver, gilt, and with wreaths of leather
to hang about the neck," and an ancient brass ring bearing a rude impression of a horn, with a
plate also of brass having a horn sculptured upon it, and smaller plates with "flowers de luces,"
still preserved as Nigel's horn, remained in the custody of the Lords of Boarstall.^ But it may be
remarked, that the arms of Lisures, the Norman, who dispossessed the descendant of Nigel the
forester, are not the same as those on the horn (being. Or, a chief Azure) ; so that the cognizance
of the fleurs de lis neither agrees with the coat assigned to Nigel, who killed the wild boar, nor to
Lisures, who usurped the forestership, and possessed himself of the horn.^
Without disputing the tradition of the boar, the name of Burghstall, as it was often anciently
written, might have been applied to the stables belonging to the royal scat on Burgh-hill (Stall being
amongst the Saxons synonymous with Stable) thus affording a reasonable conjecture in re-
gard to its derivation, without wandering into the regions of legendary romance. Hearne
has a curious passage relative to the etymology of Boarstall. " The people of Borstall," says he,
" are mightily pleased, when any one tells them that Borstall is the same with the Saxon word
which signifies ' a seat on the side of a hill,' which exactly answers to this place." " Bupg)"tal,
cliviis, a little hill whereon any thing is builded : a seat on the side or pitch of a hill, as that at
Whitstable in Kent, called Borstall." ^
" This account pleaseth them the better, when they hear these words of St. Luke, ' Then went
the devils out of the man, and entered into the swine ; and the herd ran violently down a steep
place into the lake, and were choakt,' thus read in WicklifFe's translation, ' so J^e dcuelis wenten out
fro' ]>e man, and entride in to ]>e swyn ; wi]? a birre ]?e flock wente heedlyng in to ]>e pool, and
was drcnchid.' The expression tvith a birre is the same with the vulgar Latin impetu, and the
Saxon pffife (whence the common word race) and answers to any place at the side of a hill."
"Upon hearing this derivation, the inhabitants of Borstall look upon the story of the wild boar,
killed by Nigellus, to be as weak as the ascribing the song of the boar's head to the slaughter of a
boar in Shotover Wood by a taberder ; whereas that song was formerly a Christmas carol all
over England (the boar's head being a favourite dish, anciently in vogue at that season, and ad-
mired even by great princes, insomuch as to have been brought up by King Henry the First with
trumpets before his son at his coronation) and are much pleased to find that Borstall is the same
with the Saxon Bup3-j-tal."5
• Kennet's Parocli. Antiq. vol. i. p. 37. ^ Ibid. p. 71, 72. ^ See Pedigree of Lisures.
♦ Soraner's Saxon Diet. voc. Biipsfral. * Hearne's Preface to Roger of Gloucester's Chronicle.
56 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
William Fitz-Nigcl, descendant of the Forester whose exploit entailed the office upon
his family, and whose inheritance was seized by Lisnres, received a grant of the lands of his
ancestors from the intruder ; and although the terms of the charter were the same as in the
preceding grant by the Saxon monarch, excepting the substitution of a charter by a subject, in-
stead of investiture by delivery of the horn, as the symbol of office,' even this must have been felt
as a degradation : for by the writing itself it was declared that the office of Forester of Bernwode,
and the lands held by the father of William Fitz-Nigel, had anciently belonged to Fulk de
Lisures and his ancestors ; and were conveyed to the grantee and his heirs, to hold in the same
manner as they had been enjoyed by the ancestor of William under the ancestor of the said Fulk.^
In the Boarstall chartulary it is stated that W^illiam Fitz-Nigel was seised of a hide of arable
land called the Dcer-hidc, and afterwards La Vent,^ and of a wood called Hull-wood, held by
his ancestors before the conquest, by hereditary right, with the office of Bailiff" of Bernwode
forest, hy the service of the horn, called the Charter of the Forest, and the payment of ten shil-
lings for the land, and forty shillings for all the profits of the forest, excepting vert and hunting,
which were reserved to the king : that at the Conquest the ancestor of Fulk de Lisures intruded
into the land and the office of bailiff", and afterwards that both were granted, by Fulk de Lisures
and William his son respectively, to William Fitz-Nigel and his heirs."*
The charter of William de Lisures provided that the annual payment should be made at
]\Iichaelmas, and confirmed the foruaer grant.^
' Nigel ille ex Cyneget{l gregario Cynegetarum sive Venatorum regiorum Tribunus factus ei-at : Cornuque venato-
lium istud quod apud sedis Borstaliensis dominum vidit Kenettus non tantuni ut donationis sed ut Cornicinis Officii
symbolum Nigello datum esse videtur. Note to newed. of Kennet's Paroch. Antiq. p. 71.
- Fulco de Lisuris omnibus hominibus, Francis et Anglicis suis, salutem. Sciaiit tam presentes qiihm futuri me Fulco-
nem de Lisuris reddidisse et concessisse Willielmo fdio Nigelli de Borestalle terram suam, scilicet terram que fuit patris
sui, et officium Forestarii de Bernewode, cum omnibus pertinentiis suis, tenendum de me et heredibus meis illi et haere-
dibus suis libere et quietfc, reddendo inde annuatim XL^. de officio Forestarii et xs. de terrS, sui, ita ut ille et hasredes sui
teneant jure liareditario de me et heredibus meis bene et in pace, liberfe et quietfc, sicut antecessores sui tenuerunt melius
et liberius de me et antccessoribus meis. Test. Willielmo de Lisuris filio meo, et uxore ejus Alicia de Alb. et Hugone
de Lisuris, et Fulcone de Lisuris filio suo, et Willielmo de Lisuris filio suo, et Hugone Camerario, ac Roberto Filio Ni-
gelli. Dat. 5 Will. Ruf. A. D. 109L Ex Cartul. de Borstalle MS. Kennefs Paroch. Antiq. vol. 1. p. 98.
^ Perhaps from the French word signifying scent, as connected with the chase.
■^ Quidam Will'mus filius Nigelli fuit seisitus jurehffireditario de un4 hidi terrae arabilis in Borstall vocat. Derehijdc,
que nunc vocatur la Vent, el de uno bosco vocat. Hulwode, cum custodi;\ forestse de Bernwode in com. Buck, cujus qui-
dem VVill'i antecessores ante conquestum Angliae tenuerunt jure hajreditario terriim boscum et ballivani prasdict. de do-
mino Rege perunum cornu, quod est carta praedictae foresta;, et per servitium reddendi Domino Regi pro terrl prasdict^
xs. et pro forest;\ prasdictl xls. per ann. pro omnibus proficuis forests predictae, exceptis indicamentis de viridi et vena-
tione quffi Domino Regi omnino reservabantur ; et postea in conquestu Anglise antecessores Fulconis de Lisuris in domi-
nium forestffi bosci et terra; se intruserunt, subsequenterque pra;dictus Fulco et WiU'us de Lisuris filius ejus, per chartas
suas separatim factas, terram ct ballivam praidict. prefato WiU'o filio ejus et hoered. suis, per rcdditus et pra:dictos tenend.
successivt; concesserunt et confirmaverunt. Kennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. 1. p. 99.
5 Willielmus de Lisuris omnibus hominibus suis Francis et Anglicis, salutem. Sciant omnes tam pra:sentes quilm
futuri me Willielmum de Lisuris reddidisse et concessisse, et hftc cartil meft confirmasse, Willielmo filio Nigelli de Bor-
stalle, terram suam illam, scilicet qua; fuit patris sui, tenendara de me et ha;redibus meis illi ct hsredibus suis jure hasre-
ditario liberfe et quiett! ct honorifico, sicut ipse vol antecessores sui tenuerunt liberius et quietus de me vol antccessoribus
meis, reddendo inde mihi annuatim pro omni servitio et consuetudine xs. ad festum S. Michaelis. Ut autem ha?c con-
cessio et donatio stabilis et firma permancat, earn prascntis scripti patrocinio et sigilli mei munimiore duxi roborandam.
Hiis tcstibus : Hugone de Lisuris, Reginaldo dc Basset, Will. Basset, Roberto de Grenevile, Rob. de Grendon,
Waltero de S. Fide, Will, de L'Isle, Radulpho filio Bureward, Fulcone de Lisure, Will. Borstard, Widone Malsa,
Johanne Fcrcbraz, Tho. de S. Andrea, Will, fratre ejus, Reginaldo de Pokebroke, ct aliis quamplurimis.
Rcgist. de Borstall. f. L
BOARSTALL. 57
The family of Lisures, upon this usurpation of the lands and office of Nigel the Forester, certi-
fied that they were under an obligation to attend the king in his wars with horse and arms, and
with their horn hanging about the neck. '
In 1188 (35 Hen. 2) William de Lisures obtained the forestership of Northamptonshire, and at
his death, circ. 1190, Geoffrey his brother had livery of his lands ;2 but, at the confiscation of the
lands of the Normans all the possessions of this family being seized by the crown, King John
afterwards granted Borestall, as part of the royal manor of Brill, to Walter Burghstard, or
Borstard, Keeper of the King's houses in Oxfordshire,^ at 41. per ann. rent, for all services.
WiUiam Fitz-Nigel was then living, but died circ. 1204, and John, his son and heir, paid ten
marks to the king for the office of forester, together with his late father's estate, and obtained
licence to marry at his own pleasure, his fine being accounted for, by Geoffrey Fitz-Piers and
Robert de Braybroke."*
In 1210 (12 Job.) it was returned by an Inquisition that John Fitz-Nigel held the Dere/iide
by the service of being the King's Forester in the royal forest of Bernwode : " a forester being,"
says Kennet, " such an officer as is now a wood-reve, or in a park a keeper :" the King's Fores-
ters, who supervised a whole forest, having great authority and profits.^
In 1213 (14 Job.) Walter Borstard granted to Sir John Fitz-Nigel half a hide of land in
Borstall, with lands in Brill, particularly described;^ and by another charter half a hide, at the
yearly rent of lO.^.^
In the same year, Thomas de Feckenham was called upon, by a writ of quo warranto, to show
his right to certain lands in Boarstall, part of the king's manor of Brulmll, and to which it was
affirmed that he had been admitted only by Walter Bustard, who held that manor during the
king's pleasure : whereupon Feckenham claimed a legal right by inheritance ; the Empress
Maud, the king's mother, having held the same in her demesne, who gave the land to her
servant Adam de Ely for life ; and at his decease Thomas de Hereford (father of Thomas de
Feckenham) was a minor, and when he came of age died, and this Thomas (then an infant),
when he afterwards arrived at maturity, found Walter Bustard in possession of his land, and im-
pleaded him in the king's court, and obtained possession.
In 1224 a fine was passed between William, the son of William, and Peter Frankleyn, of lands
' Dugd. Bar. torn. 1. p. 597. Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. i. p. 205, 206. " lb. p. 597.
- Rot. Cart. 1 Joh. m. 5. Calend. p. 6.
" Johannes Slius Willielnii filii Nigelli debet x marcas, pro habendo oificio quod pater suus habet apud Brehull, et
unde s'aitus fuit die quo obiit et per sic quod ipse non marietur nisi ad voluntatem suam. Rog. Dodsworth's MSS. ex
Rot. Pip. vol. 14. p. 94. Kennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol, i. p. 231.
** Rex praecipit quod onnnes illi qui boscos habent intra metas forestse Domini Regis ponent idoneos forestarios in
boscis suis, de quibus forestariis ipsi quorum bosci fuerint, sint plegii, vel tales inveniant plegios idoneos qui possint
emendare, si forestarii an aliquo forisfecerint, quod Dominus Regi pertineat. Item praecepit quod sui forestarii curam
faciant super forestarios militum et aliorum, &c. Precepts concerning Justices Itinerant.
* The premises being adjacent to a messuage of Robert Fitz Levre and Gilbert Fitz Harold, and the lands in Brill,
formerly held by Sampson le Poter (the Potter) and Walter le Peter, called the Heye, and near a croft of Ralph the
Forester. The witnesses were, Fulk, son of Richard : Thomas, son of Geoffrey : Robert de Valour : Hugh de la Haie :
Will, de Ikeford : Geoffrey de St. Martin: Henry de St. Andrew : William Gardyn: Richard de Grenevil : Adam
Fitz-Piers : Elias Anglicus, &c.
' Witnesses; Sir John Abbat of Notley: Will.de Ikeford: Tho.de St. Andrew : William his brother: Robert Parson
of Merston : Will. Carbonel : Ric. Ferebraz : Nic. de Adulakeston : Thomas le Franceys, &c. Cartul. de Borstall MS.
f. 111. Kennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol i. p. 248.
" Placit. 15 Joh. ro. 4. Abbrev. p. 91.
VOL. I. I
58 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
here, the right of William :' and in 12-26, Thomas, son of Simon le Franklcyn, granted to Sir John
Fitz-Nigel and his heirs half a hide of land in Boarstall, for thirty marks of silver and the accus-
tomed services, and subsequently other small portions:" Margaret his widow releasing her rights
to the purchaser.^ In 1230, it was returned by an inquisition at Brill before Robert de Fonte,
senior, then Forester between Oxford and Stanford bridges, on the oath of Sir Walter Upton, Knt.
John Graundon, J^erdurers, Adam Fitz-Piers, Bartholomew le Venor, and of all the Regardcrs
and Agistors of the Forest, that John Fitz-Nigel held one hide of arable land called the Derlu/de,
by the serjeanty of keeping the forest of Bernwode, paying annually 10^. for the land, and 40.v.
for the office of forester : that the said John is entitled to the perquisites of wood, thorns, under-
wood, windfalls, pannage, &c. and that the said John, and his ancestors from time immemorial,
had Jwusehote and hei/bote in the king s woods, as belonging to the custody of the forest.'*
King Henry III. by a precept dated at Woodstock, 7 Nov. 1235 (20 Hen. III.) directed to
John Frevil, granted to Robert Bishop of Lincoln, and Ralph de Warewill, pannage for their
hogs within Bernewode, and acquitting them of penalties of trespass.^ Of how much importance
the right of pannage then was may be judged from the fact that John de Nevil, of Brill, one of
the four agistors of this forest, who had the care of the king's hogs, received for agistments one
farthwg each from Holyrood day to forty days after Michaelmas.*''
Sir John Fitz-Nigel died in 1242, and John Fitz-Nigel his son succeeded to his possessions
and office.^
In 1255, it was intended to assart and inclose lands called Fernhurst, but it was found by a
jury that it would be prejudicial to the forest, especially in the season of fawning, called the
fence-month, and that it might obstruct the highway between the king's manor of Brehull and
Piddington, and abridge the rights of the inhabitants.®
In 1266 (50 Hen. III.) another inquisition was held at Brill, before Hugh de Golveingham
Steward of the King's Forest between the bridges of Oxford and Stanford, and a return was made
in substance nearly similar to the former, but expressing that Fulk and William de Lisures had
no right in the land or office of forester, but that William Fitz-Nigel and his ancestors held the
same of the king before the Conquest, by tlie horn, which is the charter of the forest, and had
immemoriallv housebote and heybote, with all fees pertaining to the same, according to the
Forest laws.9 In a charter, in the next year, the king confirmed to Sir John Fitz-Nigel the
Deer-hide and office ; and described the forest as extending from Stoneford to a certain water
called La Burne, between Steeple-Claydon and Padbury.'o
Sir John Fitz-Nigel acquired "a toft of land" of William de Borstard, Chaplain," at
3a-. per ann. rent, (which payment was formally released in 1269 by Simon de Franklcyn)
and other small portions of Ralph, son of this Simon, also of Robert Franklcyn, Henry
Fitz-Gilbert, William son of Peter le Myra, and others,'^ and a short time before his
death was called upon by a writ of quo loarranto to prove his claim to view of frank-
pledge in Boarstall, whereupon it was pleaded that his ancestors were enfeoffed in the Dere-
Jti/de, where he had a manor and tenants, and view, Sec. paying annually, by the hands of the
Steward of the Forest, 10*-. for the same into the Exchequer: that he and his ancestors enjoyed
these privileges immemorially, and offered to prove the same : and Gilbert de Thornton, on the
' Rot. Fin. 9 Hen. 3. ' Boarstall Chartulary. ' Kutinefs Paroch. Antiq. vol. i. p. '279. ^ lb. pp. 294, 295,
ex Chart, du Boarstall. '^ Dodsworth's MSS. vol. Ixxv. f. 1 Ik " Paioch. Antiq. vol. i. p. SOS. " lb. p. 322.
" Dodsworth's MSS. vol. xciii. p. 12. =' Kennct's Paroch. Antiq. vol. i. pp. 37i, 375. '° Hot. Pat. 3 Dec. 51
Hen. 3. Paroch. Antiq. vol.i. p. 377. " lb. 382. " lb. pp. 397, 402.
BOARSTALL. 59
part of the King, argued that frankpledge is a royal privilege pertaining to the King's crown and
dignity, against which long possession could not be pleaded. Afterwards, in Michaelmas Term,
14 Edw. I. the said John appeared by his attorney, and pleaded that he was chief forester in fee,
and paid 40*. per ami. to the King, and 10*. for his view of frankpledge, and that he and all his
predecessors had enjoyed such view: and upon inquiry, whether he had gallows or other judicial
matters, it was admitted that he had not. This cause was continued during several terms.'
Sir John Fitz Nigel died in 1288 seised of one capital messuage valued at 11*. one hide of land
called the Deer-hide, containing 60 acres of arable worth 3^. per acre, view of frankpledge worth
11*. paying 10*. per arm. to the King for the same : a meadow, called Quethenelkell, valued at Gd.
and other lands estimated at 25*. A^d. rendering 48*. 5d. per ami. to the King at his manor of
Brill, and the service of one man for every virgate of land, or work for one day, estimated at
3*. A^d. &c. lands held of Nicholas de Eshes : other lands of the heirs of William Fitz-Elias : six
acres in Ickford of John dc Accrue, and 60*. rents of assize, payable at St. Michael, St. Thomas,
the Annunciation, and St. John the Baptist ; and the bailiwick of the forest worth 42*. held of the
King in capite;^ and Henry de Bray, the King's escheator, being commanded to seize into the
hands of the King all the lands, &c. which Sir John Fitz-Nigel held in capite ; the King accepted
the fealty of Sir John the heir, for the lands of his inheritance.^
In 1290 Sir John Fitz Nigel paid one hundred shillings as his relief for lands in Boarstall.* He
made divers purchases here of Walter de la Hale and Juliana his wife,^ and others. Joane daugh-
ter of Sir John Fitz Nigel, being married to John, son of Richard de Handlo of Boarstall,^ the
estate and forestership were settled upon Sir John Fitz-Nigel for life, with remainder to his
daughter and her husband, and in default of issue of John de Handlo and Joane, to the right
heirs of John Fitz Nigel.'^
Afterwards, Hugh le Despenser, Justice of the King's Forests, commanded all the officers of
the forest of Bernewode to admit John de Handlo as keeper thereof.^
In 1302 Sir John de Handlo purchased of W^illiam the Boar-ivard of Ocley, a cottage and cur-
tilage in Boarstall, and the services of Henry Pipat, John Pipat, Enmia Hobby, John Steel of
Arncote, and other tenants,^ also of Alice, widow of Henry Segrym,'o and in 1305 procured a re-
lease of the dowry of Isabel, widow of Sir John Fitz-Nigel, in the manors of Boarstall and Oakley.
Nicholas de Handlo was superintcndant of the works constructed in 1258 for the improvement
of the Haven of Rumenale (now Romncy) In Kent ; but in what degree related to the Handlos of
Boarstall is unknown. Sir John de Handlo (son of Richard de Handlo of Boarstall) was Sheriff
' Placit. ; and Rennet's Parocli. Antiq. vol. i. p. ^\1.
■' Chart, de Boarst. MS. f. 99. Rennets Paroch. Antiq. vol. i. p. W3, 4. Esc. 17 Edw. I. no. 1 1. Cal. vol. i. p. 99.
3 Rot. Orig. 17 Edw. I. ro. 5 and 6. Abbrev, vol. i. p. 60. * Abstract of Reliefs, MSS. Harleian, no. Si.
s Paroch. Antiq. vol. i. p. 445. * Dugd. Bar. Tom. ii. p. 61.
' Sir John Fitz Nigel enfeoffed Robert de Harwedon, Rector of Thingdon, in his manors of Boarstall, Muswell, Adin-
grave, Acley (Oakley), and Thomley ; and 300Z. in money to be paid, together with the Bailiwick of Bernwode Forest;
and Harwedon, thereupon granted the same to .loha de Handlo and Joane and the heirs of their bodies, with remainder
in default of issue to the right heirs of John Fitz-Nigel. Chart, de Borst. f 33, 34 ; and by letters of attorney, dated
at Rirtlington, co. Oxon, 18 Dec. 28 Edw. I. appointed Richard de Harrington and Nicholas de Eshes, or either of
them, to give possession to John de Handlo and Joane ; who by other letters, dated on Friday after the festival of
St. Luke in the same year, empowered Richard de Staundon, Clerk, as their attorney, to receive livery of seisin
accordingly.
" Dat. apud Ministre xiv. die Dec. anno Reg. Edw. 28. Ex Chartul. de Borst. f. 34. Paroch. Antiq. vol. i. p. 481, 2.
s Ibid. 'o Ibid. p. 495.
GO ASHENDON HUNDRED.
of Oxfordshire in 1302,' and obtained a grant of waste land in Bcrnwode Forest. ^ In 1308 he
was Governor of St. Briavel's Castle in Gloucestershire. In 1309 a fine was passed between John
de Handio and John son of Benedict de Ichesele of messuages and lands in Boarstall, the right of
Handlo,^ who, in 1310 and 1313, was in the wars of Scotland, in the retinue of Hugh Despenser.'*
He paid a fine of one hundred marks for marrying Maud, widow of John Lord Lovel, in whose
right he held for life the estate to which she succeeded as sister and heir of Edward Burncl, Esq.^
In 1317 William Brown of Boarstall, and Ivo Bardolfe, quitted claim to Sir John de Handio
of rents payable from Sir John Fitz-Nigel, deceased ; and conveyed to him divers lands,^ as
did also Emma Segryni of Boarstall.^ In 1321 (15 Edw, II.) the estate of Sir John de
Handio was nmch injured by the confederate Barons, who took part against Hugh Despenser,
the elder, to whom he was kinsman, and one of his chief counsellors.^ He was a benefac-
tor to Queen's College, Oxford,^ and died oth August 1346, seised of the bailiwick of Berne-
wodc Forest, with the manors of Boarstall, Adingrave, Oakley, Muswell, &c. lands in East-
Claydon, Bottle-Claydon, and Middle-Claydon, held under the Honour of Walingford, a
leet in Quainton, and rents in Upton near Aylesbury."' His estates in Bucks were settled on
Edmund de Handio his son and heir, who, in an inquisition taken in Essex, is called the son
of Richard by Alice his wife, but elsewhere, and more correctly, by Isabel : '• but he being a minor,
in 134H the King committed to Richard Talbot, Steward of his Household, the manor of Boar-
stall within the moat and garden, 110 acres of arable, 25 of wood, and 2,y. 10^/. rents here, together
with the office of forester, which had been recovered in the King's Court against Edmund de
Handio to the annual amount of (57,y. lOrf.'^ Edmund de Handio died 1 June 1358, and Margaret
and Elizabeth, his sisters and coheirs, proving their legal age in the next year,!^ William de Otte-
ford, the King's eschcator, was commanded to deliver to them, all his messuages and lands in
Boarstall, and the office of bailift' of the forest.'* Margaret, the eldest, was married first to Gilbert
Chastillon, and secondly to John de Appulby or Appleby : 's and Elizabeth the younger, to Sir
Edmund de la Pole, Knight Banneret of Kingston upon Hull. By this partition John de Appulby
and Margaret, in right of the latter, obtained the manors of Boarstall, Brill, Cleresplace (Chilling-
place), Okie (Oakley), and Addingrave, with the office of forester, and divers lands : and the rest
of the estate of Edmund de Handio, and the dower of his late mother Isabel, came to Sir Edmund
de la Pole and Elizabeth his wife,'*^ and was held by the service of one knight's fee. ^~'
In 136G (40 Edw. III.) William de Liwte, Parson of Steeple- Aston, co. Oxon. released all his
claim to these manors, &c.'^ as did also Almaric Lord St. Amand of Grendon, by deed dated at
Grendon, and Sir Richard Abberbury, Knt. l)y another deed, executed at Boarstall. '^
' Rennet's Parocli. Antiq. vol. i. p. 505. Dugdale's MSS. vol. B. i. p. 372.
" Ibid. p. 500. Rot. Orig. 31 Edw. I. ro. 9. Abbrev. vol. i. p. 139. See also Ludgershall.
3 Rot. Fin. 3 Edw. II. ■• Kennel's Parocb. Antiq. vol. i. p. 523. ^ CoUinson's Somersetshire, vol. i. p 227.
•^ Pai-och. Antiq. vol i. p. 535. ' Ibid. " Leland's Collect. MSS. vol. i. p. 318.
» Wood's Hist. Oxon, lib. ii. p. 115. Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 520.
"> Esc. 20 Edw. III. no. 51. Cal. vol. ii. p. 130.
" Dugd. Bar. toni. ii. p. 61. Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 115.
" Rot. Orig. 22 Edw. III. ro. 10. Abbrev. vol ii. p. 193.
'3 Dugd. MSS. B. i. p. 223. Paroch. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 123, 124..
'* Rot. Orig. 33 Edw. III. ro. 13. Abbrev. vol ii. p. 255.
'5 Dugd. Bar. torn. ii. p. 6. Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 1 15.
•" Dodsworth's MS.S. vol. 36, f. 17. Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 131.
'■ Rot. Orig. 35 Edw. III. ro. 16. Abbrev. vol. ii. p. 265. '" Rennet's Paroch. .\ntiq. vol. ii. p. 14'3, 4.
'» Ibid.
BOARSTALL. 61
In 1369 Thomas Porter conveyed the reversion of his estate in Boarstall to Henry Porter of
Oxford, and in the next year Henry, son of WiUiam Porter, granted the reversion of lands, ex-
pectant on the decease of Isabel Pypet, to Thomas Pypet of Boarstall ; and Isabel, widow of Tho-
mas Pypet quitted claim to the same lands, as did likewise Henry Porter of Oxford, to Thomas
Pypet.' Other conveyances were made by Hugh Morf to Thomas Pypet: by John Best and
Joane his wife to William Bernard and Agnes his wife :'^ by Thomas Pypet, who in 1383 demised
lands and tenements to Thomas Belhous Capellaiiie, John Gilling of Beckley, and John Palmer
of Piddington :'' Roger Bekebroc of Oxford to Philip, Parson of the Church of Emmington, John
Chiltern Capellane, and Thomas Pypet.-*
John de Appulby died in or before 137'2 (more than twenty years before the time assigned for
his death by Kennet^) and in 1391 a fine was ])assed of a mediety of the manors and lands before
described, and of the Bailiwick of Bernwodc Forest, between Robert James and Katherine his
wife, and John Manning, Chaplain, and of a mediety of the Forestership, declared the right of
"William Bruns and John Manning.
Margaret, widow of John de Appulby dying without issue, her share of Boarstall and of the
Forestership reverted to her sister EHzabeth, and Sir Ednmnd de la Pole her husband. He was a
gallant soldier and evinced his attachment to King Richard the Second by the following incident.
Being Captain of the Castle of Calais in 1385, when Michael Earl of Suffolk his elder brother,
under a charge of treason fled into France in disguise, and desired protection at the gates of
Calais, this resolute loyalist told him, " Brother, I dare not be false to the King of England ; nor
admit you, without the consent of William de Beauchamp, Governor of this town ; " and thus
refused to open the gates until the consent of the Governor had been obtained.^
Sir Edmund de la Pole had two daughters, his co-heiresses, Elizabeth, married to Sir Ingclram
Bruyn, Knt. and Catharine, wife of Robert James, Esq. between whom in 1394 (18 Ric. II.) a
fine was passed ; and in consideration of five hundred marks paid to Sir Ingelram and Elizabeth,
their moiety of the estate, which Sir Edmund de la Pole held for life, was settled in remainder
upon the said Robert James, and Catharine;^ who thereupon conveyed the same to William Brouns
and Henry Bond, Capellane, for the purpose of a settlement ; and in 1402 Sir Walter de la
Pole released to Robert James, Esq. all his title to the " manor of Boarstall, Adyngrave," &c.8
In a feoffment of lands in Boarstall, about the same period, the names of John Golafre, Simon
Vaches, Edmund Spersholt, and William Rothewell, Esquires, occur : and as possessors of lands
in the Forest of Bernwodc, the names of Langley of Boarstall, de Brugge of Stratton, John Fay-
nell, John Chaumbre, and Thomas Ellewelles : and Porter's place (perhaps Potter's place), Staf-
ford's place, and Bernard's place, are also mentioned here.
Sir Edmund de la Pole, in right of his late wife Elizabeth, who died in 1418 (6 Hen. V.) died
seised of this manor held by the serjeanty of keeping the Forest of Bernwode and the rent of 60*.
per ami., Walter de la Pole being his son and heir ; but this Lordship, and a large estate which
■ Kennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 154. " Ibid. p. 155. ' Ibid. p. 166.
•> The family of Pypet or Pyperd had a seat at Great-Haseley in Oxfordshire. One of them valiantly distinguished
himself in the Scottish wars, was knighted, and received the manor of Lachford from his father, as a reward for his
military prowess. The failure of male issue, about the close of the reign of Edward the Third, occasioned the chief
possessions of the family to be divided, and their estate at Haseley was bestowed upon the collegiate church of Windsor,
under which it was afterwards held by the family of Lenthall. Woods Athenae, vol. ii. p. 306.
5 Rot. Orig. +6 Edw. III. ro. 4. Abbrev. vol. ii. p. 319. Esc. eod. an. no. 1. Cal. vol. ii. p. 315.
^ Dugd. Bar. torn. ii. p. 185. Kennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 171.
■ Ibid. pp. 177, 178, and Rot. Fin. 18 Ric. II. " Paroch. Antiq. p. 200.
62 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
had bcloiiijcd to Elizabeth his wife, passed to Catharine his daughter, wife of Robert James ; who
before held the said manor and the Bailiwick, as tenant to his father in law.'
In 1427, Christina, sole daughter of Robert James by Catharine his first wife, being married
to Edmund Rede, Esq. a fine was passed, and Robert James conveyed to Reginald Kentwood and
John Ilyfield, Clerks, the manors of Boarstall, Adi/iigrave, and Oakley, &c. and the Bailiwick
of the forest, which were re-settled on Robert James for life, with remainder to Edmund Rede
and Christina, and their heirs.-
In 1429 Edmund Rede procured an exemplification of the charter of Henry the Third of the
lands and forestership.^ He died in 1430, leaving Christina his widow, and Edmund his son
and heir, then sixteen years of age, surviving.*
An inquisition taken at Boarstall after the death of Robert James, Esq. in 1431, enumerates
his estates in this county as the manors of Boarstall, Adyngrave, and Ocle, 20 messuages, 2 bo-
vates of land, 8 carucatcs, 40 acres of arable, 50 of meadow, 630 of pasture, 60 of wood, and
12/. 5s. 5d. rents, with appurtenances in Ocle, Brehull, Boarstall, Est-Claydon, Middle-Claydon,
Botel-Claydon, Thomele, and Ikford, with the Bailiwick of the Forest ; the remainder after the
death of Robert James, to enure to Edmund Rede (then deceased) and Christina his wife, who
was still living ; the remainder in the manors of Adyngrave and Oakley, to Maud second wife of
the said Robert James for life : Boarstall, excepting two messuages, a toft, and three carucates of
land, held of the King by the serjeanty of keeping the Forest of Bernwode, and 60.v. rent, esti-
mated at 100.y. clear ; two messuages, one toft, and one carucate of land, held of the honour of
Walingford by suit of court to Katharine Queen of England, at Walingford, valued at 20*-. and
two carucates held of Thomas Chaucer, Esq. and John Barton, as of the manor of Brill by the
service of 72s. per ami. and suit of court at Brill, worth 10*. and the manor of Adyngrave, held
imder Ladv Boureher as of her manor of Polycote.^
Christina Rede, widow, died 28 March 1435, having assigned to Maud James her mother-in-
law, for her dowry, inter al. the third part of the moiety of the manor of Boarstall, and of the
estate described in the inquisition taken after the death of her late husband.'^ Maud held these
lands at her death in 1437, as also the Bailiwick of Bernwode, and 65 acres of pasture at Wd.
per acre, in Lachmcade, Edmund her son being then twenty-three years of age and upwards.'''
In 1438 (16 Hen. VI.) Thomas Wyfold granted to Ednmnd Rede, Esq. Richard Pidington of
Oaklev, and John Chamberlain of Brehull, a messuage with 13 acres of land here, called Potter's
place, a messuage and 18 acres called Moregay's place, 22 acres 1 rood, lately purchased of John
Nele of Boarstall, 8 acres lately purchased of John Mershe, and a messuage and curtilage of
John Elys.
> Dodsvvonh's MSS. vol. ii. f. 7. Keniiet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 238. ' Ibid. p. 260.
3 This instrument, which is dated at Westwinster 12 February, 8 Hen. VI. has affixed to it by strings of red and green
silk intertwined, an impression of the Great Seal in green wax, bearing an effigy of the King crowned, seated on a
throne of tabernacle work in a richly canopied niche: his long hair descending in ringlets on each side of his face, and
having a long beard : in his right hand a sceptre with a church at the top ; in his left a mound supporting a cross
flory : on the dexter side, in a niche, the Blessed Virgin crowned, a sceptre in her right hand, and the divine infant
on her left arm ; on the sinister side another figure partly defaced, and below them two lions ; in trefoiled niches,
with canopies, the arms of France and England quarterly : on the reverse an equestrian figure fully caparisoned.
< Inquis. apud Goring 9 Ap. 9 Hen \'I. coram Will. Borde fcod. Dom. Katerinae Regin. Ang. in Honore de Walyng-
ford. Chartul. de Borstall MS. f. 119.
s Esc. 12 Hen. VI. Kenndfs Paroch. Antiq. vol. ii. p. .'US. '' Ibid. p. 322.
" Boarstall Chart. MS.'j^-llOS. Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 32t.
BOARSTALL. 63
Robert Symeon of Little Haseley, co. Oxon, John Hicks of Boarstall and Alice his wife, Joane
Dorset, widow, John Mancorn, of Henley-upon-Thames, and Mariana his wife, severally granted
to Edmund Rede small estates in Boarstall.^
Edmund Rede being a benefactor to the Abbey of Dorchester, John Clifton, Prior, and the
Canons, by an ordinance 19 February 1438, provided that (on account of his singular devotion
and affection to their Convent) the said Prior and Convent, and their successors, in the celebration
of mass in St. Mary's Chapel daily, during the life of the said Edmund and Agnes his wife, and
Thomas Wyfold and Isabella his wife, would say the prayer Deus qui carltatis, for their happy
estate, and the collect Deus qui proprium, in the mass for the dead at St. Michael's altar in the
aforesaid Monastery daily, for ever, for the souls of Robert James, Catharine and Maud his wives,
John James and Christina his wife, and all their aforesaid benefactors, and likewise celebrate
an anniversary of nine lessons, placebo, and dir/ge, &c. on the feast of St. Juliana the Virgin, or
in six days after, and afford to them an especial participation in "the prayers, fasts, vigils, and good
works of the Canons, that by many suffrages they might attain eternal life," and that when the
said Edmund should depart this life, the names of all these benefactors should be inserted in
the martyrology of the Convent, and read annually in the chapter-house ; for which grant
Edmund Rede gave to the Convent 20/.^
In 1445 Richard Gratard of Boarstall quitted claim to Edmund Rede, Esq. in all right to this
manor, excepting three messuages, two tofts, and sixty acres of land, acknowledging all the residue
to be the estate of the said Edmund by hereditary descent or purchase ; and in the same year the
King granted to him a special pardon for all offences and trespasses, ^ and being a great benefactor
to the Divinity School in Oxford, towards the erection of which he gave materials out of his
woods and quarries, the King conferred upon him many privileges, and exempted him from divers
services by a royal charter.'*
In 1449 Edmund Rede purchased of Joane, widow of Simon Edlowe, lands here, which had
been conveyed to her late husband by John Neal : also of Margery Shakyll, daughter and heir of
Margery Arches, daughter and heir of John Bruyn, heir of Sir Ingclram Bruyn, Knt. bv Eliza-
beth coheiress of Sir Edmund de la Pole, a release of all her rights in the manor, &c. of Boarstall: and
Margery Shakyll declared, that lier seal being unknown to many persons, she had procured the official
seal of the Mayor of Oxford to be affixed to the deed, which John Fitz Aleyn the Mayor attests.^
In 1452 (30 Hen. VI.) Edmund Rede obtained another special pardon for all his transgressions,
with a proviso, of its not extending to the murderers of the Bishops of Chichester and Salisbury,
or their adherents : ^ and in 1456 was formally recognised as the representative of Sir John de
Handlo, Patron of the Convent of Augustines at Oxford: and John Stockton, Prior, and the
Brethren, with consent of John Copgrave, Provincial of the Order, granted to Edmund Rede, Esq.
and William, his eldest son, chambers within their Convent ; and part of their garden for lodgings
and accommodation whenever they chose to reside in Oxford.'^
' Rennet's Antiq. vol. ii. p. 329. ^ Ibid. ^ " Teste meipso apud Westminst. 23 Oct. 24. Hen. VI."
■1 Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 374.
5 Dated 11 March 29 Hen. VI. Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 381. Fosbroke's Encyclop. of Antiq. p. 217.
'• Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol.ii. p. 391.
' Ibid. p. 406, and Boarstall Chartul. f. 137. To prevent continual disputes respecting the founders of the Convent,
the following instrument was promulgated : — " To all the fiiithful of Christ, &c. John Stockton, Prior of the Convent of
Friers Eremites of the order of St. Augustin at Oxford, &c. Be it known, &c. that Ring Henry the Third, for the health
of his soul, and at the instance of his renowned Rnight, Sir John Handlow of Borstall, p.ui:dhased lands. Sec. in the
suburbs of Oxford opposite to Smithy's Gate, which the said Lord the Ring gave to the Friel* Eremites of the order
64 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Edmund Rede survived the troubles of the reign of Henry the Sixth, but the forestership of
Bcrnwode had been certainly bestowed on Thomas Rede (probably his younger son) at the begin-
ning of the reign of Edward the Fourth, for in an Act of Parliament passed in 1467 for the settle-
ment of the Crown lands upon the new King, in the same manner as they had been enjoyed by
Henry VI. styled " in dede and not in right Kyng of England," ' amongst the estates forfeited
by attainder, after 4th March, 1 Edw. IV. a special exemption was made in favour of Thomas
Rede, ivho had been hi/ letters patent appointed forester of Bernwnde for Ufe.'^
Sir Edmund Rede, Knt. by his will, dated 8th April 1487 ('2 Hen. VII.) and proved 31st Janu-
arv following, bequeathed his body to be buried in the chapel of the Holy Trinity, on the south
side of the church of Borstall, leaving Catherine his wife and Robert Arderne his executors, ap-
jwinting several legacies to William, John, Sebastian, and Thomas, his sons, and to Catherine Rede
and Joane Wvkeham his daughters, ordering three priests, in Oxford, to sing masses for the souls
of Catherine and Agnes his two wives ; becjueaths " to William Rede, his son and heir apparent,
his iroods at Borstall, and tlie Great Horn, garnished icith silver and gilt, which the King gave
to Nigell, forester of Bernwnod, andtvhich he desires his heirs never to alienate, under pain of
e.i communication ;" to his son Thomas, parson of Chinnor, in Oxfordshire, and to his daughter
Catherine W^ykeham, each a silver cup.^
His relict. Dame Catherine Rede, by her will, dated 8 June 1489 (13 Hen. VII.) and proved
18 September, bequeathing her body to be buried in Holy Church, gave to the church of Hamp-
ton Poyle, CO. Oxon, 6s. Sd. to George Gaynsford,Esq. her son by her second husband, her "grete
salt;" to Elizabeth his wife, a "'crymson ;"^ to William Gaynsford, Esq. her son, "a bason and
ewer of sylver ;" to Anne, wife of the said William, " a girdle of tyshew harnessed ; " and to Eliza-
beth her daughter, the wife of Richard Hall, Gent, a " ring of gold with a sapphir." ^ From Sir
William Rede, Knt. eldest son of Sir Ednnuid, this inheritance descended, and passing by Cathe-
rine, sole daughter and heir of Leonard Rede, Esq. to Thomas Dynham, Esq. her husband : was in
of St. Augustin and their successors to build a church, witli other houses and offices, for tlie benefit of the said Friers ;
which was confirnmed by Pope Gregory X. by his gracious bulls, but after the death of the King the said John Handlow
contributed greatly towards the building, and as we understand by ancient annals, was prevented by death before the
said church and houses were quite built ; but being desirous to show to what place his soul was most inclined whilst it
remained in his body, ordered his body to be buried there. We therefore do take this renowned Knight for our prin-
cipal founder next to our Lord the King, and do adjudge that he ought to be looked upon as such ; especially since
in all foundations of Monasteries this is principally established, that no Patron rashly presume to bestow any thing
upon Friers without the King's license ; but in regai'd there is a controversy concerning the succession of this most
noble Knight — a certain reverend Esquire, Edmund Rede, informed in part by our evidences and partly by his own,
does piously challenge to himself the right of the said Knight, as descending to him by inheritance." Then follows
his descent as in the Pedigree of Handto, Kede, &c. " And upon this right, we the said Prior and Convent, after full
and mature deliberation, do receive and admit the same venerable Edmund and his heirs for the founder of the said
house, &c. Done in our Church at Oxford, 21 April A. D. 1 t5(j : on which day the said Edmund was, in person, and
witli a solemn procession, received as founder, many and venerable persons of the clergy and people being present : Robert
Prior of St. Frideswyde's Oxford : Richard, Master of the Hospital without the East Gate : Master Thomas Chandler,
Guardian of New College : Master John Brother, Master Robert Abdy, I'roctors of the University: Robert Attwood,
Mayor of the Toiun of Oxford : Richard Spragot: John Clerke : John Lowe," &c. Monast. Anglic, vol. vi. p. I59S.
' Rot. Pari. vol. v. p. 572.
^ " Provided always that this Acte nor noon other Acte made, or to be made, in this present Parliament, extend nor
in eny wise be prejudicial! to cure Letters Patentes under oure grete Seall, made to oure welbeloved servaunte Thomas
Rede, of the office of oon of oure Fore.slers in oure Forest of Bernewode, for time of his lyf, with such wages and fees,
as in the tyme of oure noble progenitor. King Edward the Tiiirde, were allowed." Ibid. p. 610.
•' Willis's MSS. vol. xxxviii. in Bibl. Bodl, ■> Qu. gown? » Kennet.
BOARSTALL. 65
the possession of his grandson John Dynham, together with lands purchased of Francis Hastings
Earl of Huntingdon. John Dynham, who was knighted hy King James I. obtained a grant of
lands within the forest of Bernwode, formerly belonging to the family of Molyns, and of others,
amongst which were "Gyres Wood in Boarstall, late belonging to King Henry the Eighth's College:
Stonyhurst common, late to the Cathedral church of Oxford belonging, and granted '27 December,
31 Hen. VIH. to Robert Brouns, Christopher Edmunds, and William Wcndlow, their heirs and
assigns, all situated in the forest of Bernwode, or the metes thereof, at 6s. 8d. annual rent."'
In 1632, by an indenture, dated 10 October, 8 Car. I. between Sir John Dynham, Knt. and Dame
Penelope his wife of the first part ; Richard Lord Viscount Wenman of Twyford, and others, of the
second part ; Sir Robert Banastre of Passenham, in co. Northampton, and Sir Francis Crane, Knt.
of Grafton Regis of the third part ; and Lawrence Banastre of the fourth part ; reciting the intended
marriage of Lawrence Banastre and Mary, eldest daughter of Sir John Dynham, and in considera-
tion of 2500/. paid by Sir Robert Banastre to Sir John Dynham, and 4000/. to Lord Viscount
Wenman, and others (in trust) on or before 1 December 1636, and of 4000/. more, on or before
1 April 1638, the said parties conveyed in settlement, infer alia, the manor of Boarstall, with all
the lands of Sir John Dynham, in Brill, Oakley, and elsewhere in Oxon and Bucks, with covenants
for a fine, &c. to Sir John Dynham, Knt. and Dame Penelope, with remainder to Lawrence Ba-
nastre and Mary his intended wife : whose marriage accordingly was solemnized. After the death
of her husband, his widow Dame Penelope resided at Boarstall, and held the estate during her
life ; and it subsequently passed with Margaret, sole daughter and heir of Lawrence Banastre, in
1648, to William Lewis, Esq. of the Van, in Glamorganshire: who increased his possessions by
the purchase of other lands which had been forfeited ; and infer ul. of " part of the Firth belong-
ing to Bernwode forest," conveyed to him by indenture 29 March 1654, by Sir Ralph Verney,
Knt.- who probably had derived his possession from jMaximilian Bard, citizen and girdlcr of Lon-
don, (or his representatives), to whom, in 1650, about 130 acres, parcel of Frith-walk or Coxon's-
walk in the forest, with tithes, woods, warrens, &c. had been conveyed by Edmund Chamberlaine,
Esq. of Stretton Audley, co. Oxon, and Robert Blower of Gray's Inn, London, being part of the
Crown lands sequestered by authority of Parliament.
William Lewis, Esq. was succeeded in this estate by his only son Edmund Lewis, who dying un-
married, Mary, his eldest and only surviving sister, became his heir. She was born in 1654,^ and
married first to Wilham Jephson,. Esq. who resided here in 1678, ^ but died in 1691, and his
widow was married secondly to Sir John Aubrey, Bart, of Llantrithyd, in Glamorganshire, as
his second wife: Sir John dying in 1700, she was married thirdly to Sir Charles Kemeys,
Bart, of Kevenmabley, in Glamorganshire, who survived not long ; and fourthly to William
Aubrey, LL. B. of New College, Oxford, second son of Richard Aubrey, Esq. of Broad Chalk,
in Wiltshire, second cousin to her second husband. Having no issue by either of these mar-
riages, on the death of Dame Mary this estate and manor passed under the provisions of a set-
tlement made upon her marriage with Sir John Aubrev, to his issue by Margaret his Jirsf wife,
daughter of Sir John Lowther, Bart, of Lowther Hall, in Westmoreland : and from that period
Boarstall has continued in the possession of his family, who derive their title in the manner here
described, and not, as has been erroneously stated, as heirs of the blood oi the Fitz-Nigels, its an-
cient lords.
' Rot. Pat. 8 Jac. I. ' See Middle Claydon. ^ Boarstall Register.
■* He conveyed in 1678 to Charles Harris of Oxford, by indentures dated lOth April and 30th Nov. 30 Car. U. divers
lands in Brill, "parcel of the disafforested forest of Bernwode."
VOL. I. K
66
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
PEDIGREE OF FITZ-NIGEL, HANDLO, DE LA POLE, BRUYN, REDE, DYNHAM,
BANASTRE, and LEWIS.
From Harleian MSS. 1533, f. 16, 79 : MS. Pedigree of Aubrey : Boarstall Chartulary and Register : Dugdale and Banks's Baronages, &c.
hms. Ar. a fess Gu. in chief two crescents of the Last, in base a bugle-horn Sab. stringed Gu. Fttz-Nigel. Sab. a lion ramp. Ar, Handlo.
Az. a fess Or, charged with an annulet Sab. between b leopards" faces of the Second. De la Pule. Ar. ten torteauxes, 4, 3, 2, 1. H'antham.
Party per chev. Ar. and Gu. 3 unicorns' heads erased, Counterchanged. James. Gu. four lozenges conjoined iu fess Erm. Dynham. Quarterly
1 and 4, a cross flory, 2 and 3, Erin, two bars .... each charged with three mullets. Baiiaslre.
Nigel, Forester of Boarstall before the Conquest.=p
I ->
WiLLiA.M FiTz Nigel, ob, circ. 1204.=pM*BEL.
r '
Sin John Fitz Nigel, Knt. of Boarstall, d. 12'42.=pIsoLDA.
Sin John Fitz Nigel, Kt. or Johan
II, d. 1289. [Esc. 17 Edw. 1.]
-j.Is,BEL,vi,
Richard de Handlo, of Boarstall.^.
i>le=pSin John de Handlo, Knt. Banneret, Lord of Had-:^MAUD, dau. of Philip Burnell, sist
nd hr. I low, CO. Ken
299. I sum. to Pari,
t, Bailiff of Shotover Fr
1 and 16 Ed. 3. ob. 5 Au
William de la Pole, Mer-T=. .
chant of Kingston upon Hull. |
lilCll
RD^pIsABELLA.dau.ofAlraaric
Nicholas
DE
Handlo
'll
OM
D
de St.
Amand, mar.
took the n
am
e of Br.r-
Ha
NDl
H»N,
lo.
2dly tc
Sir Robert
nell. [Se
e
'edigree
ob
S.
,.h. V
'"
Ildesle
Knt. d. 1361.
of BURNELL.
JoANE, 2. Sir William de la^
mar. to Pole, Knt. Mayor of Hull,
Almartc Itaron of the Exchequer,
de St. Knt. Banneret, ob. circ.
Amand. 1366.
^Catherine, 1. Richard de la
dau. of Sir Pole, ancestor of
J ohn Nor- the Lords Cobhara.
wich, Kt. ob. =F
vidua 1381. ^
Edmund=Alice,
Gilbert de=Margaret
,=John de
p.
Handlo
Chaste- eldest dau.
ApI'LEDV,
est daughter and
t. III). 1
LAIN. aud coheir
Lord of
cdieir, iet. 1 8 in
.. 1358,
let. 23 in
Boarstall
1355, had livery of
lire. 27,
s. p.
1355, ob.
s. p. circ.
1394.
jureuxorts
mort.
1372, s. p.
her brother's lands
33 Edw. 3.
Edmund de Michael
LA Pole, Knt. Pole, eld,
Ca|)tain of Calais, Chancellor 6 Ric
I. 1418, seised 2 ; cr. Earl <.f Suf-
.f Boarstall jure folk 9 Ric. 2 ; out-
ixoris. lawed 1 1 Ric. 2 ; d,
la=pCatherine, Blanch,
dau. and hr. mar. to
of Sir John Richard
Wingfield, Lord
Knt. of Scrope.
Saxlingham,
IN, Knt. held one=pEL
ureuioris, 17 Hie. I eld
»BETH, 1. W. CaTH
w. Catharine,=j=Rober
ungest dau. and Lord <
h. 1395. I Feb. 1
at Paris 12 Ric 2.^co. Norfolk
T James, Esq. of Wallingford,=2. w. Maud, ob.
f Hoarstall, jure u.lurisy ob. 16 vidua 5 Aug.
431. 1437.
I
s,^Chbistii
V. Ca
;.=p2. W. CATH
d 2dlv to Nil
I co.-Oxon.
, dau. of Walte
Gaynsfold, d.
=Sir William Rede, Knt. eld. son=pANNE, di
Sha- ofSirJohi
!9 Uonn,
Knt.
. 7. devisee of
of Nigel the
Wantham,mar. 2dly, to Rede, Re
George Gaynsford, Esq. viv. viv
of ,co. Oxon. 14S7.
..Wvkehai
r.f John Heron, of He
Thomas Rede. Edward Rede. Giles Rede. Anne. Elizabeth. Maby
Tiio.MAS DvNHAM, Esq. Lord of Boarstall jure uxoiis. Chief Forester and Steward of Bernwodc, d. 16 Feb. 1562, buried at=f=CATHERiNE, sole dau.
St. Bride's Church, London. [See Pedigree of Dvnham.] | and heir, 1 Edw. 6.
John Dvnham of Boarstall, and ofMuswell, co.=pCATHEniNE, dau. of Sir Christopher Brome, Knt. of H.ilton, co. Oxon ; mar. 2dly, to John Fulwood
Oxon, d. 1602. 1 of Ford Hall, CO. Warwick.
Elizaueth, daughter of Sir John=SiH John Dynham,^Penelope, eldest daughter of Sir Richard Wavnman, Knt. Christopher Eleanor, mar.
U,.rm.-r, Knt. of Crendon, ob. Knt. 1603, ob. I afterwards Viscount Wenman, of Tuam, viv. 1656. [Pedi- Dynham, ob. t.> . . . . Wood,
s. p. LL.D.
Knt. 1603, ob. I afterwards Viscount '
16 Feb. 1634. I GREE of Wenman.]
>HSTRE, Esq. only son and hr. of Sir RobcrL=j=MAnY, eld. dau. and coh. mar. circ. 1632 ; and 2dlv, to Alice, 2d dau. and coh.
Kut. of Passenliam, co. Northampton. | Stephen Soanc, Esq. of Little Thuilow, eo. Suffolk! Margaret, 3d dau. and coll.
William Lewis, Esq. of the Van, co. Glamorgan. [See Pedigree of Lewis, &c.]^MAnGARET, sole daughter and heir, married circ. 164S.
Edward Lewis, Esq. b. 30 July 1650, Mary, eld. dau. and coh. mar. Islto William Jephson, Esq. 9dly, to Sir John Aubrey, Elizabeth, b. 6 Nov.
in London, liap. 8 Aug. at Boarstall, Jkrt., 3dly to Sir Clias. Kemeys, Bait., 4thly (10 Aug. 1703, at Boarstall}, to Wil- 1634, bap. 12 Nov. at
died Sept. 1672, s. p. liam Aubrey, LL.B. ob. s. p. [See Pedigree of Aubrey.] Boarstall.
BOARSTALL. 67
Sir John Aubrey's descent and alliances are shown in the accompanying pedigrees.
Gwalter, Walter, or Watkin Awbrcy, second son of Richard, and seventh in descent from Saiinder
de St. Awbery, whose name is placed at the head of their genealogy, married Joanc, daughter and
coheir' of Rees ap Morgan, descended from the Kings of Dublin and Lclnster, and the Sovereigns
of Wales, according to the following table :
PEDIGREE OF ALFRED KING of DUBLIN.
From an ancient emblazoned pedigree on vellum dated 20 Aug. 1681, attested by " Dauid Edwardes," in the possession
of Charles Spencer Ricketts, esq. of Dorton House.
Arms. Arg. a lion ramp. Sable. Kings of Dtd-lin. Sable, 3 fjarbs Or. Dermcit, King of Leinsier. Gii. within a border indented a lion ramp. Or-
Maicr, PrinrenfS. Wales. Sab. a chevron between three spear-heads Or. Canlre Seliffe.
SuTRicK King of Dublin.=pNESTA, dau. of Theodore M
!r^"^'
Ideo VVyllt, "came out of Ireland into Wales with a band of soldiers to the as-=pELEANon, daur. of Drympenog,
sistanceof Rees ap Theodore against the Normans, Lord of Clwye, co. Brecon." | Lord of Cantre Seliffe.
c
AD
Gi
WGAN Hen, Esq. '■
■■ descended fro
mIdeo."=j=
UFFITH AP CaDWGA
,N, ofLlaogadog, Esq.T=
CaowganGoch
1 AP Griffith,
,Esq.^....
1
HowEi. Gocu
AP Cadwgan,
Esq.^....
(
Ei'nion ap Ho
iWEL GOCH, E
sq.j. ...
Morgan ap Enion ap Howel.
,E3,,.=F....
Rees Morgan, ofLIangadog, Esq.:
JoANE, dau. and coh. married to Walter Awbrey, Esq. 2(1 son of Richard Awbrey, of Abercynfyg.
Morgan, eldest son of Watkin Awbrey, married Gwenlian, daughter and heir of Watkin ap
Thomas ap David Lloyd, Esq. and his grandson Thomas Awbrey of CantrefF married Jane, daugh-
ter and coheir of Thomas Vychan ap Thomas Lloyd, a lady of very illustrious descent, as appears
by her pedigree :
PEDIGREE OF JANE, wife of THOMAS AWBREY, Eso. of CANTREFF,
DESCENDED FROM THE KINGS OF GWENT (MONMOUTH).
From an ancient vellum Pedigree attested by Dauid Edwardes, formerly in the possession of the late Sir John Awbrey, Bart, and other authorities.
Arms. 1. Sab. a chev. between 3 spear-heads Arg. embrued Gu. Fraychuras, Earl nf Hereford. 2. Ar. a wyvern's head erased Vert, in its mouth
a gauntlet Prop. Belenaiir of Monmouth. 3. Or, three harpies displayed Az. legged Gu. Comor. 4. Gu. within a border indented a lion ramii.
Or. MauT, Piince of IVales. 5. Gu. a chev. Erm. Guyslon. 6. Qy. 1 and 4 Ar. 2 and 3 Gu. a frette Or, surtout a fess Az. A'orns. 7.
Arg. 3 bulls' heads caboshed Sab. armed Or. Kylsant. 8. Sab. a chev. between 3 fleurs de lis Arg. Ap Eninn. 9. Ar. a buck lodged Prop,
attired Or, in bis mouth a branch Vert. Gwyer. 10. Gu. three chevronels Arg. Ap Meredith. 11. Party per pale Az. and Sab. 3 fleurs
de lis Or. Gii-ent. 12. Gu. three chev. Arg. Gwrgnn of Morganwg. 13. Per bend sinist. Erm. and Sab. a lion ramp. Or. Jtrworlh.
14. Or, a wyvern's head erased Vert, in its mouth a gauntlet Arg. Ystradw. 1 5. Gu. a fess counter-conipon^ Or and Sab. between b' crosses patee
fitch^ Ar. Fras of Arcop. 16. Sab. a cross Or. Baladon. 17. Ar. on a bend Sab. three martlets of the Field. Russeli. 1 8. Gu. three
tigers' faces each jessant a fleur de lis Or. Cantehipe. 19. Sab. a chev. between three fleurs de lis Arg. Foel. 20. Gu. a chev. between three
roses Or. Roderic. 21. Gu. 3 chev. Arg. Morganwg. 22. Arg. a chev. between three boars' heads coup6 Sab. Tegengl. 23. Gu. a lion
ramp, regard. Or, langued, &c. Az. Ferlex. 24. Sab. a chev. between three fleurs de lis Arg. Ap Ivor. 25. Sab. a chev. between three spear
heads Arg. Ap Rosser. 26. Or, a lion ramp. Sab. Bezant^, langued Gu. Maelog. 27. Gu. three chev. Arg. Evan Goch. 28. Vert, a
chev. Arg. charged with three phieons Sab. Kemeis. 29. Sab. a chev. Or, between three fleurs de lis Arg. Jmhn. 30. Per pale Az. and Gu.
three lioncels ramp. Arg. Ap Gwyllym. 31. Ar. three game-cocks Gu. wattled and legged Or. Ap Rees Lloyd. 32. Az. a buck springing
forward Ar. attired Or. Glyntawey. 33. Sab a chev. Arg. between three spear-heads Prop, embrued Gu. Phillip.
' See Pedigree of Aubrey.
68
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
20. Nesta,=P21. Morgan 1. Cradoc Vraychuhas :
dau. of Ro- MwYNFAWR, " Earle of Hereford, Lord
deric the Kinj; or Prince of tlie Dolorous Tower,
Great. | of Mordanwg oneof the Kniglits of King
ar WorKanwff. Arthur's round Table."
■2. Tega
' Ynyr, King of Gwcnt (now Monmouthshire'):
dau. ofBelenaur, paternally descended from Cadwallader King of Brit
LordofMon- taine, who forsaking all rule and power wcnl
mouth. Rome, where he died, and was for his godliness
nonized among the saints." IDauid Edwardes.]
Gwrgan, King of
Morganwg and
granddaughter of
Roderic the Great.
GwRGAN, *' descended=^22. Ancreta, dau. of Edno\
from Morgan." ( en, Prince of Tegengl.
Ma
Jest[n at Gwrgan, " with the aid of Rob.:
Fitz Hamoo, fought against Rhees ap Thea-
dor, Pr. of Wales, but was vanquished by
Fitz Hamon, and so lost Glamorganshire."
[ Edwardes.] |
' Lord^.3. Eleanor, dau. of
I Enioa Lord of Comor
, 1
Meurick, King=j=13. Eleanor, dau. of Edii
ofGwent. I apJerworth.
:23 dai
ofAtheUtan,
Prince of Fer-
Lord of Bre-^4. Helen, daughter of
by Bernard
de Newmarch, who con-
quered that country about
Theodor Ma
of Wales. [See Pedi-
gree of Mansel, p.71.]
Ynyr V\
CHAN,
Kin- of
14. GWLADI
daugliter of
Rees Goch,
Lord of
Vstradw.
Ma DOG, Lord=]
of Ruthin.
ho^wT;:
Madog.
Lord=p5. GwE.suoLENA, dau. and hr. of Pllillip Gwys, Lord of Gwy
n, CO. Pembroke, given to him " for his services to Arnulph
Montgomerie, conqueror of Dyuet."
K, Lord=pi5. Nesta, daughter and
s- Cradock, Lord=j=15. IVesta, daughter a
A ofGwent. heir of Rudharch Vr;
I Lord of Arcop.
:(). Beatun, dr. of Sir Traharne AP=p7 dr. of Dwfnwal, Lord=pi6. Joyce, dau.of
John Norris, Knt. Gwgan, eld. Bledri,Lord of of Upper Gwent. ( Hameline Bala-
Lord of Penllyn. son. ] Kylsant,
Lewis
ap Ro"
ser,Esq.
HoWEL^l 8. . . .dr. and hr. of Sir William Howel=j=8. GweN'
Vy- Cantelupe, Knt. of Canstleston, by apTba
CHAN the dau. and heir of Sir Roger harne
Umfreville.Knt.LordofPenrearch,
by Isabel, dau. of William Beau-
champ, Earl of Warwick. [Pe-
digree allesled iij Dauid Ed-
"SvssYLT, apDwfnwal,tookeinll72, theCastle:
dolena, of Abergavenny from the Normans, and three
daughter years afterwards was reconciled to K. Hen. 2.
and hr. of In 1176, being invited to the same Castle by
Griffith William Braose, Lord of Brecon, under pre-
ap Ivor tence of amitie, was there most treacher-
apEnion, ously slain by y= said Braose." [Edwardes.
p=J=2fl dau. and cub. Hn
1 of Sir Ralph Maelog, Vv
I Knt.
HowrL=
GWENI
Ues Go
<, dau
Esq.
70.]
HoWEL,^9. Ca
ofG,
I Esq.
daughter
of Sir
Peeler
dau. Griffith:
iR1FF1TH=P
.pSvs-
ILT. I
;lyn Vychen,=PCatharine, daughter and
Esq. I heir.
dau. and coh. of Howel
David at Llewelyn, Esq.=p27. Catharine, da
Evan David ap Llewelyn, Esq =
Esq.
JiNiON hAis AP KEES,=j=10 rtau. and coh. ot Mo
Esq. I ap Meredith, Esq.
1 heir of Evan Goch, of Rhudlavar, Esq
Margaret, dau. of Jenkin Kernels, Esq. David Lloyd ap Howel, Esq.=p
Griffi
Esq.^ dau. and heir.
AP-1-.
I
Tho,^
s apEv
AN, Esq.=p29
au. of Re
omas ap
Esq. of!
V AwnnE\
csapjenki
R.
H
lantrithyd.
, p. 70.]
n,Esq. ofGlynneadb.
wel." lEdwardes.-]
.'...apDav
David Lloyd ap=j=31
1 Re
1
dLlovd,:t=....
Nesta, daugbt
es Lloyd.
dau. of Howel
ilyntawey.
lip, Esq.
KIN AP THOMAS,=f.30
. Jene
>vyllym,
d heir,
EofBA
T„o^:
FT, dau
Esq.
of Philip Tl
D Tho. Basset
id Dame Mar
r of Gwj
Agnes, dau. a
[See Pedigre
Thomas Lloyd a
Esq.
pRcSSER,=p.32. .. .
i Esq. of
ap David
AS VyC
IAN AP ThOMA
Jane, da
s Lloyd,
Esq.=p33. Matilda, dau. of Gw
r, mar. to Thomas Awdrey, Esq
yllym Watkin ap Pb
ofCantreff.
Notwithstanding the attestation of "Dauid Edwardcs," and the authorities on which the authen-
ticity of this pedigree seems to rest, it is ditticult to reconcile with probability the alHance of
Howel Vyclian ap Howel with the heiress of Sir William de Cantelupe, because, according to the
same pedigree Bledln/ti, great-grandfather of Howel, was slain in 1092, and William Beauchanip
Earl of Warwick, great-grandfather of his wife, was living more than two hundred years after that
marriage 1 It is for heralds and genealogists to reconcile these discrepancies : but it is the duty
of historians to notice them.
William Awbrey, eldest son of Thomas Awbrey, Esq. by Jane, daughter of Thomas Vychan ap
Thomas Lloyd, was highly distinguished by his learning, abilities, and the numerous important
posts which he filled.'
' His monument in St. Paul's Catlicilral, of which there is an engraving by Hollar, represents him in his gown, with
a black cap, (luillcJ rulF, gloves in his right hand, and his left resting on a skull, the efSgies of his children kneeling be-
BOARSTALL. 69
He married Willifred, daughter of John WiUiams, Esq. and had nine children, and dying in 1595,
(on the failure of issue of Sir Edward Awbrey, Knt. of Tredowan, his eldest son,) Sir Thomas Aw-
brey, brother of Edward (and second son of William Awbrey), succeeded to his estate, and marry-
ing Mary, daughter and coheir of Anthony Mansel, Esq. acquired an estate and mansion at Llan-
trithyd, which have ever since remained the property of his descendants. Bv this match his
alliance with the ancient Cambrian princes was strengthened, as appears by her pedigree :
PEDIGREE OF DAME MARY, wife of SIR THOMAS AWBREY, Knt.
DAUGHTER AND COHEIRESS OF ANTHONY MANSEL, Eso. OF LLANTRITHYD,
DESCENDED FROM THE FAMILIES OF
BASSET, DABRIGCOURT, CHICHELEY, TURBERVILE, BRAOSE, SCURLAGE,
STACKPOLE, AND THE PRINCES OF WALES.
From an ancient Pedigree authenticated by Dauid Edwardes. Colllns's Baronage. Betham's Baronetage, SiC.
Arms. Arg. a chev. bet. three maunches S. Maiisel. 2. Gu. asaltire engrailed Or. Long:. 3. Gu. a chev. Erm. bet. three lioncels ramp. Or. Langslnu.
4.Chequ^Gu.and O. afessErm. Turlervih. 5. Gu. three chevrons Arg. Morgan Gam. G.Gu. within a bord. engrailed Arg. a lion ramp. Or.
TaWnt. 7. Arg. three mullets S. Slackpool. 8. Arg. three bars Gu. Scurjage. 9. Az. a bend cotized Or, bet. six martlets Arg. De la Bere.
10. Arg. a chevron bet. three bugle horns. Basset. 11, Chequfe Gu. and Or.a fess Erm. in fess point a crescent. Turbervile differenced. Barry of
ten Ar. and Az. surtout six escutcheons, 3, 2, 1, S. each charged with a lion ramp. 5m!7i. 12. Az. three piles Or. Cardff. 13. Ar. a saltire
Az. Ap Madog ap Rees. 14. Gu. three chev. Arg. Ap Evan. 15. Or, a griflnn ramp. S. armed Gu. Jenkinof Pmnycoat. 16. Gu. three
chev. Arg. ApThomas. 17. Ar.a bend bet. alions ranjp. S. Norton. IS. Erm. three crescents Gu. Kenn. 19. Gu. three bars coupf- Arg.
Dahrigcourt. 20. Quarterly, Or, and Gu. Say, 21. Gu. two lioncels pass. gard. Or, collared, armed, and langued Az. De la Mare. 22. S. an
eagle displ. Or, beaked Gu. a chief of the Second. Minors. 23. Barry of six, Vaire and Or. Penrice. Barry of six, Vaire and Gu. Braose. 24. S.
a chev. bet. three spear heads Arg. the latter embrued Gu. Fechanof Rhygan. 2,i. Arg. a chev. between three ravens Prop. Ap Nicholas. 26. Erm.
a cross botony S. Kyneor Keene. Or. a chev. bet. three cinquefoils Gu. Chicheley. 27. Ar. three bars S. Bussey.
Philip Mansel, " a worthy Norman gentleman, who came to England=p. . . . , dau. of ... .
with William Duke of Normandy, at the time of the Conquest." | Mount Sorrell.
TURBERVILE.
Henry Mauxsel, MANxFiELD-p.. .. Andrew. Michael. 4. Sir Paganus Turber-^j^o Matilda, dau. and h. of Morj
or Mansel, Esq. elder son. ] Robert. Philip. vile, Lord of Coity. | Gam,Esq. ofMorganwg.
Sir John Manxel or Mansel, Knt. Ch. Just.of=j=2. Jeraphjenicia, dau. of Sir Phil. Long, Sir Gilbert Turber-=P
England, one of the twelve Commissioners chosen Knt. [Edwardes] but accord, to Beethum, vile, Knt. |
by K. Hen. 3 and the
It. <^n. just.oi=j=2. JERAPHJENiciA, dau. ot hir riiil. l^ong,
sioners chosen Knt. [Edwardes] but accord, to Beet ham,
ford to restore vol. 1. p. 250, Joane, dau. of Simon Beau-
[Edwardes] \ champ, Baron of Bedford.
Sir Gilbert Turbervile, Ke
Sir Thomas Mansel, Knt. taken prisoner at Northampton 48 Hen. 3.=p I
r ' I
Henry Mansel, Esq.=p Sir Richard Turber-=P.
temp. Edw. 1. VILE, Knt. I
r,Knt,=F....
Sir Walter Mansel, Knt. hel
Missenden Manor, co. Buck;
temp. Ed. 1. bur. at St. Botolph'
Ch. London. [Beelham.]
Sir pAYNE=p6. Glendolena, dau. of Sir Rich. Talbot, Knt. "Lord WiLLiAM=f:i 1 . . . . , dau. of Adam
Turber-
vile, Knt.
,f Richards Castle, Hereford, son of Richard LordTal- Basset,
hot, by Sarah, dau. of Will. Beauchamp, Earl of War- Esq.
wick ;" lived temp. Ed. 3.
■-] r-
Turbervile, by
dau. and h. of Sissilt,
Lord of Beaupr^.
Berga, sist. of 7. Sir Rich. Stack-^.Margaret, dau. Agnes, da.=f:9. Sir John de Thomas=P12. Alice, dau. and h.
John Lang- pool, Knt. of Stack- and coheiress. and co- I la Beer, of Basset. [ of Sir Wilt. Cardiff,
0, Knt. pool. I heiress. | Knolston, Knt. | Knt.
RobertMan-=P 8. Philip Scurlage, Esq. ofGwyr, de-=pMARioTT, dau.and coh. Margaret, dau, and h,=pSiR Elias Basset, Knt.
SEL, Esq. I scended from Scurlage, of Gowersland. j I
I 1 I 1 DABRIGCOURT. , '
Richard Mansel, son or grand-=pLucY, dau. 19. Sir Eustace Da-=pElizabeth, dau. of the Duke TH0MAS=pl3. Joane, dau. and h. of
son of Robert. [Collins.] and heir. erigcourt, or Dam- ofGuclderlandi wid. of John Basset. Tho. ap Madog ap Rees,
I pedicourt, Knt. | Plantagenet, Earl of Kent. | Esq.
a be
low, with their respective shields of arms over their heads, and on a tablet the following; " Gulielmo Aubreo, clara
familia in Breconia orto, LL. in Oxonia Doctori ac Regio Professori, Archiep. Cantuar. causaru' auditori et vicario in spiri-
tualibus general!, exercitus regii ad S. Quintin supre' juridico, in limitaneu' Wallix concilia adscito, cancellarie magistro,
et regine Elizabethe a supplicum libellis : viro exquisita eruditione, singulari prudentia, moribus suavissimis ; qui, tribus
filiis et sex filiabus e Wilgiforda uxore susceptis asternani in Christo vitam expectans animam Deo xxiii Julii 1595,
aetatis suae 66, placidfe reddidit. Optimo patri, Edwardus et Thomas, milites, ac Johannes armiger, filii moestissimi posue-
runt." — Dugdale's St. Paul's Cathedral.
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Sin Hugh
IMansel,
Knt.
''2A. Isabel, dau. and h. of John Penrioe, Esq. son of " Sir Jolin Penrice, Knt. Lord of Sir Sanchius :
Penrice and of the Castle in Gowersland, (wjiose mother was Anne, dau. and h. of Rob. Daiiridgcourt,
de laMare, Lord ofOxwiche) by Joane, dau.and h. of William Braose, son of John K. G. temp. Ed.
Braose, of Landimers, brother of William de Braose," who married Eve, 6th dau. and 3.
coh. of Will.Mareschal, Earl of Pembroke. [See Crendon, and Pedigree of Braose.]
Thomas Basset.
Richard MANSEL,Esq.=^ELiZABETH, dau. of Gillert [Edwart
ofOxwich. [Bfd/iam.] I to Beetham //umon] Turber'
HN MAN-=f24. CiciEiE, dau. ofHowel Vechan,Esq. of Rhygan [Krfirarrffs]
L, Esq. or Maud, dau. of Will, aj) Llewellyn ap Howelap Poclin, Esq.
I [Collins &niB eel ham.']
John Dabrig-=j=
COURT, Esq.
I I
THO.DABRir,-=p20. . . dau.
COURT, Esq. of Say.
JOH.M BaS
SET, Esq.
T14.GVVEND0I.ENA,
d. ofEvanGethin
ap Evan, Esq.
Jenkin B
SET, Esq.
= 1.5. Jenet, dau. of
Morgan Jenkin, Esq.
of Pennycoat.
Mansel, Esq. slain in tlie w,
the houses of York and L,
uid attainted.
:2.5. Amabel, dau. and h. of Griffith Sir Thom
ap Nicholas, Esq. [See Pedigree of Dabrig-
Rhvs, Prince of South Wales,p.71.] court, K
As=?=21. Alice, dau. Thomas Baj
of Sir Tho. de set, Esq. of
Qt. la Mare, Knt. Llautrithyd.
■=pib'. Agnes, dau. and h.
I of Jenkin ap Thomas,
Esq. [See Pedigree of
I Jane Aubrey, p. G8.]
Mansel,
Esq rest.
andh. ofSirGe^
e, Knt. ("hy Cecile his 2d John DA-=p-25. Catherine
wife, dau. of King Edw. 4, wid. of James, Prince of Scotland and of brig-
Jolin Viscount Welles) son of Will. Kene or Keyn, Esq. of co. Kent, co
by Agnes, dau. and h. of John Chicheley, Esq. Chamberlain of Lon- Es(
don. [See Stemmat. Chichclean. Nos. 2 1 , 24, 26, 28.]
IS. Alice,=John
of Ric. Minors, Esq dau. of .... Bas-
of Trefjago, by Kenn, of set,
Joane, dan. of Will. Bristol. Esq.
Tllomas, Esq.
w Anne, 4th dau. of^i ..
iir Gyles Bruges, Knt. of.
fCobcrley.co. Glouc. 4-co.
Eleanor, dau. and sole heir=Sin Rees Ma
James Basset, Esq. of Beaupr^, Chamberlain
Glamorg. ob. s. p. v. Bartholomew
SEL, Knt. eld. son and h.=p3 w. Cicelia, d.
.,f Chester, bur. at St. I and h. ob. 1623.
I, Smith6eld.
:i7. Eliza-
beth, dau.
Norton, of
Bristol.
4BD Mansel, Knt. eld.^y^jANE Somef
nberlain of Chester. ^^ofHen. Ear
:A\C
oNY Mansel, Esq. of^ELizABETH, T
■ithyd, younger son. | d. and h. J
Mary, dau. and coh. mar. to Sir Tho. Awbrey, Knt. of Lla
27. Cecily, dau. and <
«MES, disinherited.
ghBussey, Kut.ofBu
Besides these eminent persons, it appears that the said Dame Mary was descended by Amabel, her
great-great-grandmother, from that ilkistrious race of Cambrian heroes who have been "the boast
of Heraldry" from the foundation of that science, and upon the authority of a Roya' Com-
mission by King Henry VH. as extracted from the old Chronicles of Wales : ' is presented the
following
PEDIGREE OF AMABEL, great-great-grandmother of DAME MARY,
WIFE OF SIR THOMAS AWBREY, knt.
j4rms. Gil. within a border indented a lion ramp. Or. Rees Prince of IFales. Arg. a lion ramp. Sab. Meredith Prince of Powis. Sah. three
scaling Ind'lers Ar. in honour point a spear-Iiead of the Last ; on a eh. Gu. a castle machicolated and embattled Arg. given by Rhees Prince of \\'ales
for his exploit in first mounting the walls of Castle Howel at the siege, ^p Dyneival. Edwardes in autograph on ancient Pedigree. Or, three
hulls' heads caboshed Sab. armed Or. Ap Rees. Arg. a chev. between three ravens Sab. Dl„j. Sab. a cher. between three greyhounds cur-
rent Ar. Jp Howe!. Sab. a liou ramp. Arg. Griffith Gwyncarudh. Sah. three infants' heads coup^ at tlie shoulders Arg. crined Or. each
enwrapped al'out tiie neck with a snake Prop. Si/ls<t/lt. Ar. three bulls' heads caboshed Sab. armed Or. Fras. Ar. on a cross Sab. five
crescents Or, in the first quarter a spear-head Gu. /Ip Llewelijn.
A
1
1
lLn.=^...,'..
r ^
<TONius apSeisitt,:^
King. ,
DODION, King.=p
DVFNWAL, King.=p
GWRGAN, «/,«,<T=
.L.J..:..
r ^
Bleuddyd.=f....
LVK, Kmg.^p,...
, Prince
nwall.
Aedd inawr.=p
MeLyr=^
E^roc-CadI.^
""°Pr\'da,n""""T
K^
c
Rheoanv. dau.=;=IlENVVlN
and heir. 1 of Co
1
nRtlTusd„rianUs.::p
CVHELTN, King.=p
d
' See I'owcll's translation of Caradoc, of Llancarvan's History; in Appendix.
BOARSTALL.
SEISSILT. King.:
DAN, King
J-
MoRYDD, King.=p.
-Sj.
Cadell, King,
CoEL, King.:
-£J-
King.:
Andre
URm
King.=i
Ithel, King.=p. . ,
Clydawe, King.^.
M ERF VN,- King of Man.=pEssiLT,(lau. and li. of Cjnan Djndaethwj.
I I
RODRI MAWR, Prince of all VVa!es.=F
to-fGwENDOLENA, dau. of Made
I ap Meredith, Pr. of Powis.
Helen-, mar. to Bledhyn, Ld. of Brecon before 109-2.
[See Pedigree of Jane Aubrey, p. 68.]
■ Catherine, c
Rees, Princ.
u. unto the Lord=pCADiFOR ap Dynawal, Ld. of Castle Howel and Gyluachwen,
of S. Wales." I " fought under the Lord Rees against Gilbert de Clare."
' Cadifor.^Jonet, dau. of Sir Aaron ap Rees, Knt. of the Sepulchre.
Rees ap Rudherch
=PCatherin£, dau. of " Sir Elic
I K. Arthur's Round Table, by
Elidor Dhy, Knt. of the Sepulchre, descended from Yrycn Rhegad, Knt. of
, dau. ofGwrlaisDukeofCornwall, half sister of King Arthur."
Rees Voel, Lord of Giluach .
Howel ap Rees VoEL.-p. . .
I
Howel Vychan ap HowEL.=i=.
Howel, Esi
Howel, Esq.^^ExHLYW, dau. and h. of Llewelyn ap Howel, Esq.
Jenkin ap REES.=pANcnETA, dau. of Rees Griffith Gwyneonydh, Esq.
Grifpith ap Nicholas, son of Nicholas ap Philip, by Jenett, dau. of Griffith ap Llewelyn Voythir, and grandson of Philip ap Sir Elidur, bj^pJoANE, da'
Groladi, dau. of David Vras; and great-grandson of Sir Elidor Dhy, Knt. of the Sepulchre, by Cecil, dau. of Sjlssyltt, Lord of Cantrese- I and Ii.
liflFe. [Edwardcs.} \
I 1
Amabel, mar. to Philip Mansel, Esq. and great-great-grandiiiother of Da.me Mary Aubrey.
The pedigree of Aubrey, showing the descent of the issue of Sir Thomas Aubrey, Knt. by Mary
Mansel, will at a single glance explain that Sir John Aubrey, Bart, his great-grandson, at his fa-
ther's death in 1700, succeeded to the Baronetcy; and afterwards, on the decease of his mother-in-law,
Dame Mary Kemeys, under the provisions of the settlement made at her marriage to her second
husband Sir John Aubrey, acquired the inheritance of her ancestors, and being styled of Llantii-
72 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
thyd, in Glamorganshire, and of Boarstall, Bucks, quartered with his arms the coats of Manscl
Basset, and South, in the following manner :
Sir John Auhrcy, the sixth Baronet, erected a monument in the church of Llantrithyd, in me-
mory of his father and mother, which he caused to be inscribed with the following account of his
ancestors :
" In the family vault, near this monument, lie the remains of Sir Thomas Aul.u-ey, Bart, and
Dame Martha, his wife.
" Sir Thomas Aubrey was lineally descended from, and heir male to, William Aubrey, LL.D. who
was born of a very distinguished and ancient family of Breconshirc ; and flourished a conspicuous
ornament of his country in the reign of Edward the Sixth, and during the two succeeding reigns ;
and who, after being Regius Professor of Law in Oxford, Official Principal and Vicar General in
Spirituals to the Archbishop of Canterbury, Supreme Judge of the royal army at St. Quintin's, one
of the Council of the Marches in Wales, a Master in Chancery, and one of Queen Elizabeth's Mas-
ters of Requests, died on the 2',k\ of July 1.3i).5, in the 6Gth year of his age. Besides daughters.
BOARSTALL. 73
he left three sons, the two eldest of whom were Knights. His grandson, Sir John Aubrey, who
was the second Baronet of the family, married Margaret Lowther, daughter of Sir John Lowther
of Lowther Hall, Bart, the father of the first Lord Viscount Lonsdale. Sir John Aubrey, Bart, the
only son of this marriage, was the father of Sir Thomas Aubrey, who succeeded to the title of
Baronet, on the death of his elder brother. Sir John Aubrey, in 1767.
" Dame Martha Aubrey, the wife of Sir Thomas, was eldest daughter of Richard Carter, of
Chilton, in Bucks, Esq. who, in 1719-20, was appointed junior Judge for the counties of Angle-
sea, Carnarvon, and Merioneth ; and, in the following year, was advanced to be senior Judge for
the counties of Glamorgan, Brecon, and Radnor ; in which latter situation he continued till the
6th of January 1755, when he died, in the 83d year of his age, after having been thus a Welsh
Judge for above thirty-four years ; and having always maintained the character of a very able and
upright magistrate.
" Sir Thomas Aubrey had issue, by Dame Martha his wife, three sons and one daughter,
namely, John, now Sir John Aubrey, the sixth Baronet of the family ; Major Thomas Aubrey,
Richard Aubrey, Esq. and Patty Mary Aubrey, who died unmarried on the 13th September
1774.
" Sir Thomas Aubrey died the 4th September 1786, in the 79th year of his age. He was a
most indulgent husband and father, as well as a truly just and honourable man.
" Dame Martha Aubrey died the 5th December 1788, in the 76th year of her age. Her death
was lamented by all who had the happiness of knowing her, and particularly so by her three
surviving sons, who lost in her a most affectionate, a most judicious, and a most hberal-hearted
mother.
" In deep regret for the loss of these two dear parents, and in pious memory of their virtues,
Sir John Aubrey, their eldest son, for his two brothers and himself, sorrowfully inscribes this mo-
nument."
Sir John Aubrey, Bart, whose appointments and alliances are particularized in the follow-
ing table, received the rudiments of his education at Westminster School, and was afterwards
admitted a Gentleman Commoner of Christ Church, Oxford. On his return from the tour of
Europe, he had the honour of a seat in Parliament ; and, at the beginning of Mr. Pitt's adminis-
tration, announced himself as a " zealous supporter" of his measures; but in the debates which
ensued respecting the Regency, during the illness of King George the Third, seceded from his
political leader, and subsequently voted almost constantly in opposition to the ministry. He was
not a frequent speaker, but possessed a sound judgment and considerable penetration, intermixed,
however, with an inflexibility of temper which approached to obstinacy. In the domestic rela-
tions of life, and in the incorruptible integrity of magisterial duties, he set forth an excellent
example ; was a good landlord, a zealous friend, and a gentleman of highly polished manners.
By his last will, dated 30 Nov. 1825, he bequeathed the principal part of his unentailed estates to
Elizabeth Sophia, wife of Charles Spencer Ricketts, Esq. the daughter and only surviving child of
his next brother Thomas Aubrey, Esq. sometime M.P. for Wallingford, and her issue in tail male;'
but his title and this manor of Boarstall descended to his nephew Thomas DIgby Aubrey, only son
and heir of Richard Aubrey, Esq. youne^er brother of Sir John, who is the present possessor : and
whose paternal ancestors are described in the annexed pedigree :
74
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
PEDIGREE OF AUBREY of BOARSTALL, BRILL, DORTON, CHILTON,
OAKLEY, &c.
From an ancient Pedigree of the Family, the Welsh Chronicles, Chartulary of Bnarstall, Kennet, Kimber, Betham, Collins,
Cluttcrbuck : Monumental Inscriptions and Parish Registers.
Arms. 1. Azure, a chevron between three eagles' heads erased Or. Crest. On a wreath, an eagle's head erased Or. Audrey. 2. Sab. a chev.
between 3 garbs Or. Gunler. 3. Or, 3 lioncels passant in pale Sab. Camo. 4. Sab. a fess Or between two daggers, one in chief erect, the
other in base reversed. Proper, hilted Or. Traharne. 5. Az. a buck springing forward Ar. attired Or. Gethin. e. Arg. a chev. between 3 ravens
Sab. Jp Ehclor. 7. Vert, a lion ramp. Sab. tete and gambs Arg. Jp Morgan. 8. Sab. a chev. between 3 spear heads Arg. Lloyd. 9. As
6. Gnjfilh. 10. Ar. a buck lodged Prop, attired Or, with a branch in his mouth Vert. _ Ap Evan Mdijn. 11. Sab. a chev. between 3 spear
heads Arg. the points embrued Gu. Fychan ap Lloyd. 12. Sab. a chev. between 3 horses' heads, erased Arg. Jl'illiams. 13. Arg. a chevron
Sab. charged with a crescent Or between 3 maunches of the Second. Mansd. 14. Arg. 2 bars Gu. in mid-chief a mullet Sab. South. 15. Or
six annulets 3, 2, 1, Sab. Lowlher. 16. Arg. a fess between in chiefs crescents Gu. in base a bugle horn Vert, stringed of the Second. Lems.
17. Az. 2 lions combatant Or. Carter. 18. Gu. a lion ramp. Arg. crowned Or, on a chief of the Last 3 martlets Sab. Colehrooke. \9. Car-
ter, quartering Az. between flaunches Arg. fifteen annulets, 4, 3, 1, 3, 4, Or, and party per fess Gu. and Az. 3 lioncels ramp. Arg. within a
border Erm. 20. Az. afleur de lis Arg. Digby. 21. Bendy of six Az. and Arg. in chief 2 tigers' faces caboshed. If right.
" Saunder de St. Awbbey or Albehick of France, brother to the Lord Alberick, Earl of Bologne and^.. . .
Earl Marshal of France ; came into England with William the Conqueror : " circ. 1066. |
" Sir Reginald DE Sancto Alderico, or Alberick, or=j=IsABELLA, dau. of Richard Earl of Clare and Tunbridge. [Pedigree of Awbrey, from
AwDREY, one of the thirteen Knights who assisted Ber- Welsh Chronicles, verified by Dauid Edwardes. Not mentioned by Dugdale, who yet
nard Newmarch in the acquisition of Brecon, and had for says that Richard Earl of Hertford (grandson of Richard de Clare by Roesia daughter of
his partage y'' Lordship of Slough and Abcrcynfygg ; is, | Walter Giffard Earl of Buckingham) wIk) was also slain in Wales, temp. Stephen, had !
by the books of Pedigrees, made
Awbrey : '
Saunder de St. I Alice,
ried to Cadwallader ap Griffith,
. 210.]
I'rince of North Wales.
mage.
oftheEarlofDu
n, Marshal of France.
AM Awbrey, Esq.of Abercynfygg,
.JoANE.dr. ofSir Wil.Gunter, Kt.
TiioMAS Awbrey, Esq.^^S. Joane, daughter of John Baron Carew.
Thomas Awbrey, Esq. " Raunger of Brecon Forest, and Constable of the Castle
of Buck, commonly called in Welsh, y« Constabl' coch', and verie much
f Brecnock, under Hump. Stafford Duke=f 4. Joane, dau. of Traharne
I favour with the Duke of B." | ap Enion, Esq.
rey, Esq.=T=5. Nesta, daughter of Owen Gethin of Glyutawey, Esq. descended from lilethin ap Maynarch, Lord of Brechwck.
Richard Awbrey, Esq.^6. Crislei, daughter of Philip ap Elidor, Esq. of Llandilo-Vaur.
r Watkin Awb
Aberkinfygg.
Esq. of=
Janf., daughter and heir, mai
to Sir Miles Skull, Knt.
Morgan Awbrey,^
Esq. I
Jenkin Awbrey [called^9. Gwendolena daughter Thomas Awbrey,^.
by Betham second of Owen Griffith, Esq. .second son. [Fam. I
son]. I of Glyntawey. Pedigree.] \,
AN, daughter and coheir of Watkii
rhomas ap David Lloyd, Esq.
John Awbrey, "hyr third
[Fam. Pedigree; but by "
called eldest si
John Aw- Thomas Richard
BREY. Awbrey. Awbrey.
urd son. -p daughter of Morgan
y Ketham ap Thomas ap Traharne ap
I Gwillim.
IN AwBREY,=pi 0. Anne, dau. of John Griffin Richard AwBREY,=p. . . .
Esq. I ap Evan Melyn, Esq. second son. |
I of Williar
I Whalk-y.
William Awbrey, Thomas AwBREV,=pil. Jane, dr. and cob. Rh
ancestor of Awbrey ofCantref, second I ofTho.Vychan apT
ofPalleg. son. I Lloyd, see p. 67.
. . dau. of Meredith Morgan ^. . . .
ap Enion. Awbrey. |
ORGAN=r=.... MeREDITH=j^ GwYTHYN
WBREY. Awbrey. Awbrey.
4^ I
r-p-
WlL
AM Awbrey, elde
D. C. L=p
eldest son, mar. Reg. Prof, of Law in Oxford, Offic. Pi
Alice Lawd Vicar-gen. in Spirit, to the Archbishop of Can-
Morice Awbrey terbury, Judge of the Army at St. Quintin's ;
AP Jenkin, mar. of the Council of Wales ; Master in Chancery and
dr. ofMor- of the Court of Requests temp. Elizabeth, ob.
pan ap Thomas 23 July 169.5 a?t. nti ; buried in St. Paul's Ca-
Awbrey. thedral.
. Sir Ed-=^Joai
2. SirTho-=P13.M
Aw-
coh. of BREV, Knt
W.Ha- ofLlantri-
vard, thyd, Co.
Esi|. of Glumorgai
CO Bre-
•,dr.
and coh. of
Ant. Man-
sel, Esq.
[See Pedi-
gree of
Mansel,
I ?■ G9-]
3. John:
Aw-
DREY,
Esq. of
Burwel-
Here-
T—l
=Ankaret, dr
Jenkin
David Aw-
ofReesap
Awbrey,
mar. to
Richard ap
ancestor
David
tor of Aw-
Rees ap
of Aw-
Saun-
BREY of
Richard
brey
ders.
Llantrisant
Vaur [Be-
of Glynt-
and Carmar
tham.]
awey
then.
Rachel, Elizabeth, mar. to Tho. Norton, Esq. of Norwood, Kent. Will. Aw-
dau. of Mary, mar. to Win. Herbert, Esq. of Crickhowel, Brecon. brey, Esq.
Richard Joane, mar. to Daniel Dunne, D. C. L. of Cantref.
Danvers, WiLLiFORD, mar. to Rees Kemeys, Esq. of Llanwayer, Mon- mar
Esq. of mouth. dau. of
Token- Lucy, mar. 1st to Hugh Powell, Esq. 2dly to John Gybbon, Rich, ap
ham, Esq. CO. Glamorg. David ap
Wilts. Anne, mar. to John Partridge, Esq. of Wyshanger, co. Gloucest. Gem.
BOARSTALL.
75
-H-
SiR William Aw-
BREY, Knt. ob. s. p.
THO.AWBREYjOb.S.p.
HOPKIN AWBREY,
WiLLlFORD.
Sir John Aw-=;
pi 4. Marie,
Tho. Awbrey,
Catharine.
BREY, Knt.
daughter
LL.D. Chancel-
Eleanor.
cr. 13 July
and heir
lor of St. Da-
JOANE.
1660, (12
of Sir Ric.
vid's, married
Elizabeth.
Car. 2) Bart.
South,
Abi!;ai], dau. o
of Llantri-
Knt. of
Sir Rice Rudd
thjd.
London.
Bart. ob. s. p.
Elizabeth, 2d wife of Sir R
Bart, of Aberglasny, Co. Can
Catherine, mar. to
Rudd, Rich. Aw-
von. BREY, Esq.
wyre of of Broad-
LlansdDor. Chalk, co.
JoANE, mar. to . . . Jenkins of Hensol. Wilts, ob.
Cicely, mar. to . . . . Button, Esq. of 21 Oct.
Uuffrin, CO. Glamorg. 1652.
Oeborah,
dr.&hr.of
Isa.L,te,
Esq. of
Piers, CO.
Wilts.
Elizabeth, 2d
Ralph Freeman,
Esq., ob. vidua
16 Mar. 1720,
Aspeden, co.
Herts.
Mary, dau. of . .
Staly.
1. Lewis Aubrey, Esq. 15. Margaret, dau.:
ofCh.Ch.Oxon.A.M.2,9 of Sir John Lowther,
Jan. 1683, ob. v. p. s .p. Bart, of Lowther Hall,
Mary, mar. to the Rt. co. Westmoreland, by
Hon.SirWil.Montagu, Elizabeth his 2d wife,
Knt, Ld. Ch. Baron of dau. of Sir John Hare,
the Excheq. young, son Bart, of Stowe-Bar-
of Edw. Ld. Montagu dolph, co. Norfolk, re-
of Buughtou. [See Pe- lict of Woolley Legge,
DiGREE of Montagu.] Esq.
.=pSiR John Audrey, 3d Bart.
I 4 Anne ; died 16, bu:
:SiR John Ai
BREY, 2d Bar
Ld.ofBoarstal
Id.dr. andhr.of=WiLLiAMAu- Thomas Aubrey,
of New ob. s. p.
&c.
=16. M
WiLL.LeWIS, Esq.ofBoAR- BRE
STALL,mar. 1st toWil. Jeph- Col
son, Esq. 3dly to Sir Chas. LL
Kemeys, Bart, of Keven- foul
mabley, co. Glamorgan. bam
4thly 10 August 1703 at Ma
Boarstall ; ob. s. p. [See and
Pedigree of FiTZ Nigel, W\
&c. p. lie.} Lev
John Aubrey,
Esq. F.R.S.
; Oxford,
re. set. 76,
20 Ju
uxor. M.P. for
Brackley, 10
Will. 3. until
his death, Sept.
1700 ; bur. at
Llantrithyd.
10, M. P. for Cardifr,=pFRANCES, dau. of Will. Jephson, Esq.=jANE Thomas, 3d
April 1743. I of Boarstall, 2d wife. wife, ob. s. p.
Sir John Au-
brey, 4th
Bart. ob.
cx\. 14 Oct.
Sir Tho.mas Au-
brey, 5th Bt. ob.
4 Sept. 1786, b.
at Llantrithyd,
-67.
8. Ma
79.
;i7. Martha, eld. dau. of Rich. Mary, ob. innupta, De
Carter, Esq. of Chilton, Chief Boarstall.
Justiceof Glamorgan, Brecon & Elizabeth, mar. to Het
Radnor; ob. 5 Dec. 1788, jet. Horsham, co. Sussex, oh
76, bur. at Llantrithyd. Pedigree of Fletcher.
i, bur. at Frances, mar. to Denham Jephson,
Esq. M.P. for Mallow, in Ireland,
It, Esq. of ob. 1775, bur. at Llantrithyd.
734. [See Margaret, ob. innupta 1793, bur.
at Llantrithyd.
dau. and coh.
of Sir James
Colebrooke,
Bart, of Gatton,
CO. Surrey, ob.
14 June 1781 ;
buried 20 June,
at Boarstall.
[See Pedi-
gree of CoLE-
Id.^SiR John Aubrey, 6tb Bart. eld.=
son and hr. born 4 June, bap. at
Boarstall 2 July 1739: ofCh.Ch.
Oxon.D.C.L. 8 July 1763 ; M.P.
for Wallingford from 1768 till
1774; Aylesbury 1775; Ld.Cora.
of the Admiralty 1782; Ld. of the
Treasury 1783; M.P. for co.
Bucks, 1784; retired from office
1789; M.P. for Clitheroe 1790;
Aldborough 1 796 to 1 8 1 2 ; Steyn-
ingl812 to 1820; Horsham 1820;
died at Dorton House 1 March
1826; bur. at Boarstall.:^
John Aubrey,
only son, born
tf Dec. 1771,
died 2 Jan.
1 777, bur. at
Boarstall.
Mary, married 7
May 1792 at Dor-
ton to Sam. Wbit-
combe, Esq. of
Hempstead Court,
CO. Glocester.
= 19. Martha Catha-
2. Thomas Au-=f
rine, dau. and heir ol
BREY, Esq.
George Richard Car-
Major in the
ter, Esq. of Chilton,
Armv, M. P.
by Julia his wife.
for Walling-
sole heiress of
ford, from
James Spillman,
1784 to 1790;
Esq. married 26
Inspecting
May 1783; ob. 3
Field Officer
September 1815,
of Volunteers,
at Bath, s. p. buried
ob. IS January
at Boarstall. [See
1814.
Pedigree of Car-
ter, in Chilton,]
3. Richard Au-=F20.Frances, Patty Mary,
2d daughter died unmar-
of the Hon. riedlsSep-
Wriothesley tember 1774,
Digby of oet. 24, buried
Meriden, 19 Septem-
co. War- ber, at Boar-
brey, Esq.
born 26 May
1744: of All
Souls College,
Oxon. 1775,
Lieut. Colonel
of Glamorgan-
sbire Militia;
died at Taun-
Charles Spencer=pEl
Ricketts, Esq.
ofDorton-Hous,
Bucks, and Coui
naught Place, c<
Middlesex.
.r
Sophia, devisee
of Dorton, and other unen-
tailed estates of Sir John
Aubrey, 6th Bart, with re-
mainder to her heirs male.
stall.
ried 20 Feb-
ruary 1780
Sir Thomas Digby Aubrev
7th Hart, of St. John's Col
Cainb. A. B. 1803; A. K
1309; Sherlflr of Bucks 1815
Lord of the Manors of Boai
stall and Brill.
=21. Mary, dau. of Mr. Thomas
Wright of London, niece of the
Rev. Rob. Verney, A.M. Rector
of Middle-Claydon ; mar. Dec.
1813, ob. 27 Mar. 1817, s. p
cet. 39, bur. at Middle-Claydon.
Charles Audrey Ricketts, devisee in remainder 2. Thomas Gamble Rick-
of the estates of Sir John Aubrey, 6th Bart. etts, second son.
Ricketts, Julia-Anne.
An estate here, of more than four hundred acres, with lands in Brill, leasehold upon lives under
the See of Canterbury, and purchased in or about 1783 of Sir Clement Cottrell Dormer, Knt.'
(being anciently part of Bernwode Forest, and the property of the family of Dormer) passed in
pursuance of the will of Sir John Aubrey, Bart, at his death in 1826, to the Right Honourable
Charles Earl of Tankerville, James Scott, and John Eagleton, his executors and devisees in trust,
to the use of Elizabeth Sophia, wife of Charles Spencer Ricketts, Esq. for life, with remainder to
Charles Aubrey Ricketts, her eldest son, remainder to trustees to preserve contingent remainders ;
then to Thomas Gamble Ricketts, second son, with remainder as before ; next to Aubrey Ricketts,
third son, with remainder to the other sons of the said Elizabeth Sophia Ricketts ; and in default
of issue of such sons respectively, in tail male, to Sir Henry Fletcher, Bart, for life, remainder to
76
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
John Fletcher, hrother of Sir Henry, and his heirs, remainder to Sir Thomas Digby Aubrey for
life; and in default of issue, to the right heirs of the testator for ever: the sons of the said Eliza-
beth Sophia Ricketts, on coming into possession of the said estate, being conditionally directed to
take the name, and bear the arms of Aubrey (quarterly with their own arms respectively.'
Another estate called " the New Park," was conveyed in 1654, with certain lands and tene-
ments, by indenture, dated 29th June, between Griffith Ferryman, Gent, of Sonning, co. Berks,
and Arthur Baker, Esq. and Nathaniel Hawthorne, Esq. of Cookham, co. Berks, which has since
become vested in Robert Thomas Kent, Gent, of the High Street, in the Borough of Southwark,
having been purchased by his uncle. Mr. Kent bears for his arms Az. a lion passant gardant Arg.
a chief Erm. impaling the like coat. Motto, " In Deo conjido."
BO.\RSTALL TOWER.
OARSTALL Tower is that castellated mansion, which in 1312 (5 Edw. H).
Sir John de Handlo was licensed to fortify and embattle -.^ and is a
fine specimen of the architecture of that period.
The south front is represented in the initial. The principal en-
trance is under a massive arch on the north side, with a paved ap-
proach over the remains of the moat, probably made in 1735, as
that date is inscribed on the pier between the arches by which it is
supported. The more ancient entrance is said to have been by a
drawbridge, and the gateway is secured by strong doors with ponder-
ous hinges, studs, and plates of iron.
The tower was formerly leaded, but has been recently covered with copper. The interior is
gloomy: and besides one large apartment on the principal floor, consists of small rooms commu-
nicating by narrow passages through thick walls, and by spiral staircases of stone, with groined
roofs.
SIEGE OF IJOARSTALL HOUSE.
This mansion was rendered remarkable by having been converted into a garrison for King
Charles the First in the civil wars : the command being entrusted to the gallant Sir William
Campion, Knt. by the following commission :
" Oxon, 28 October 16tl-.
" It is ordered, and Lieutenant Col. Campion is hereby authorised to take upon him the command of all the horse
and foot belonging to the garrison at Borstall, as also to command as Governor in that garrison : and all the officers and
soldiers there, are hereby required to observe and obey such orders and directions as they shall from time to time re-
ceive from him.
Ed. Littleton, C. S.
Hen. Dovor.
F. Seymour.
Jo. Banks.
Hertford.
Sussex.
Chr. Hatton.
Edw. Hyde.
Dorset.
Chichester.
Edw. Nicholas."
' Will of Sir John Aubrey, Bart, in the Prerogative Office.
•' " Quod ipse raansum de Borstall juxta Brehull, muro de petra et calce firmare et kerncllare possit. Test. R. apud
Westmin. 12 Sep." Dugd. MSS. C. p. 135. Bar. tom. ii. p. 61. Kcnnet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. i. p. 518.
BOARSTALL. 77
The King to Sir William Campion.
"Charles R. Trusty and well beloved, We greet you well. Whereas the two brass pieces v/'^^ remain in that our
garrison of Borstall will be very useful for some special service we have for them : and knowing no ready means where-
by our occasions may be supplied w* ye like, but by casting new, w^h for want of brass we cannot have done : our plea-
sure and com'and is, that you either send to Oxford by a good convoy these two brass pieces, or in lieu of them such a
sufficient quantity of brass as may serve to make two new pieces of their size, and of one of these not to fail, as you re-
spect ye good of our service. Given at our Court at Oxon, ye 29*^ of March IGii. By his Majtys command,
Edw. Nicholas."
The King to Sir William Campion.
" Charles R. Whereas We find it necessary for ye better fortyfying of Borstall House, that ye church and other
houses adjoining to ye same should be pulled downe. Our will and pleasure therefore is, and we doe hereby require and
authorise you to take downe ye said church, and all such houses as you shall conceive may prove prejudicial! to ye secu-
rity of that our garrison. And we do further give you full power and authority to cutt down such trees near ye said
garrison as you shall find needful for ye making of pallisadoes and other necessaryes for ye use and defence of the same.
For the doing whereof, this shall be your sufficient warrant. Given under our sign manual, at our Court at Oxford, this
14tb of December le**. By his Majesty's command, Edw. Walker."
" To our trusty and well beloved Sir Wm. Campion, Knight,
Governor of Borstall House."
Prince Rupert to Sir William Campion, Governor of Borstall.
"These are, by virtue of my power, to authorise and command you, immediately upon sight hereof, to impress one
cart out of every neighbouring parish near adjoining to your garrison of Borstall, and those so impressed, you are to
employ for the space of thirty days towards the fortification of ye aforesaid garrison. Hereof you are in no wayes to
fail, and for your so doing this shall be your sufficient warrant. Given at Oxford, under my hande and seale at armes,
this 13 of Feb. 1644. Rupert."
" To Sir Wm. Campion, Knt. Governor of Borstall."
Sir Edward Nicholas, Secretary of State, to Sir William Campion, Knt.
" 9 March 1644.
" Sir, T have acquainted his Majesty with the letter I received this afternoon from you, which speaks the success your
horse have had against the rebels, and am commanded to return his royal thanks, both for that good piece of service,
and your just and fair carriage in restoring those plundered teams to the proper owners, which were recovered from the
rebels. This kind of treating your country will not only win reputation to yourself, but hearts to his Majesty and affec-
tion to his service ; and therefore he desires you will continue to protect and preserve them and theirs from the injury
and spoile of the rebels as far as you are able. For news, I shall refer you to the inclosed paper, which will furnish you
with the freshest that is come to. Sir, your affectionate friend and humble servant, Edw. Nicholas."
Copy of the Paper referred to.
" The Earl of Essex his horse (to the number of about 1500) are still about JVicJcham—ihcy refuse to march till they
are paid all their arrears (being many of them Walloons). The rebels doubt, if they pay them, they will then go over to
the King, and therefore sent them word, that if they stood out, they would send a force to compel them to obey their
orders : whereto answer is sent by the commander of Essex's horse, that, if the Londoners sent no greater force than
they are, they would beat them, that if they sent a stronger, they would then retire to the King. Oxon, 9 Mar. 1644."
The King to Sir William Campion.
" Charles R. Trusty and well beloved. We greet you well. Whereas we have dayly occasion to use great quantity
of tow, hemp, and flax, for ye making of match, and understanding that ye country wch lyes under command of your
garrison, will yield considerable supplies of each kind, we do hereby require you forthwith to cause diligent inquiry to
be made for all such hemp, flax, tow, and other materials fit for ye making of match, as lyes within your reach and
power. And what you shall find remayne in ye custody of, or belonging either to well or ill affected persons, to seize
and take to our use, and to send ye same by a safe convoy to this our city of Oxon : here to be delivered over at our
match house to S"" George Strode and Mr Wandesford, to whom we have committed ye care of ye manufacture, and who
upon receipt thereof will give just and reasonable satisfaction for all proportions of tow, flax, or hemp, which shall be
78 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
taken up from persons certified to be well aflFected to our service, and for bringing the same hitlier. The importance
hereof requires your speedy care and diligence: and these our letters shall be your sufficient warrant. (Jiven at our
Court at Oxford this 12 of March 1644'. By his Majties command, Edw. Nicholas." '
Sir William Waller's summons to Sir William Campion, to surrender Boarstall House, is with-
out date, but is expressed in these words :
" I demand a present surrender of Borstall House for the service of the King and Parliament; and if you please to
send out some persons of quality, I shall be ready to entertain a parley. I desire a present answer.
William Waller."
It having been resolved to relinquish the possession of Boarstall, this was scarcely carried into
effect, before it was discovered to have been a sad oversight : for the Parliamentary garrison at
Aylesbury, having " felt the effects of their opponents possession of the place," immediately put a
garrison into Boarstall House, which as soon as the King's forces had left Oxford, and the armies
of Essex and Waller were withdrawn, gave little less trouble to that city than those troops; by ob-
structing the passage of provisions, and by other annoyances, which occasioned complaints from
the town and neighbourhood to the Lords of the Council ; and was made an excuse for their not
complying with the commands that labourers should be employed to work upon the fortifica-
tions, &c.
When the removal of both armies to a distance from Oxford, had quieted the fears entertained
of a siege, the Lords considered of a remedy for this evil at Boarstall House ; and encouraged by
Colonel Gage, who had undertaken the reduction of it, " they appointed a chosen party of infantry
left there by the King, with three pieces of cannon and a troop of horse of the town,^ who by
the break of day, appeared before the place ; and with little resistance got possession of the
church and outhouses, and then battered the house with cannon, which produced a parley, and the
house was surrendered, with the ammunition, one piece of ordnance, and much good provision of
victual, for horse and man ; the garrison having liberty to retire with their arms and horses : very
easy conditions for so strong a post. This was obtained with the loss of one inferior officer, and
two or three common men. Here Colonel Gage left a garrison, that did not only defend Oxford
from those mischievous incursions, but nearly supported itself by the contribution it drew from
Buckinghamshire, besides the prey it frequently took from the neighbourhood of Aylesbury."^
It is stated, on the authority of Sir Edward Walker, that when Boarstall House was attacked by
Colonel Gage, Lady Dynhain, who resided there, " conscious of her disloyalty, stole away in
disguise." ■*
In the next year (1645) some skirmishes happened at Boarstall and in the neighbourhood.
General Skippon is said to have designed the reduction of the place, and afterw ards Fairfax at-
tacked it without success. ^
Sill William Campion, Knt. to Prince Rupert.
" Sir, It pleased your Highness to confer upon me the command of Borstall House. Since your departure some have
endeavoured to make it subordinate to the Governor of Oxon, insomuch that I was forced (in your Highness's absence)
to address myself to his Majesty. I pleaded if this was done that your commission would be slighted, so by conse-
quence your person, which I so much honour that I shall endeavour to serve with the last of my blood, and I know
there is so much worth and justice in your Highness, that you will never suffer my reputation to be taken from me :
' For some account of Sir Edw. Nicholas, see Hitcham, and Pedigree of Nicholas.
' Oxford. 3 Clarendon's Hist, of the Rebellion, vol. ii. p. 494.
' Lysons's Magn. Brit. vol. i. p. 317. * Ibid.
BOARSTALL. 79
my command is altogether in another County, in the enemies quarters, my predecessor was never under the command
of any other Governor. I undertook the place upon the same terms, which your Highness confirmed unto mo; there-
fore, not doubting the continuance of your gracious favours I make bold to subscribe myself your Highness's most
devoted and humble servant, Willi : Campion."
" Borstall, April I5th 1645."
The King to Sir William Campion, Knight, Governor of Borstall, or in his absence to his
Lt. Governor.
" Charles R. Our express pleasure and command is, that you give instant order for all ye horse and dragoons under
your command to march with fitting officers unto Whately Bridge, and to be there precisely by three of ye clocke in ye
afternoone, this present Sunday, there to receive further orders from our right trusty and right well beloved cosen, the
Earle of Northampton : this you are to obey, and for your so doing, these shall be your sufficient warrant. Given at
Oxford, this 20th of Aprill, nine in ye morning, 1645. By his Majties command. Edw. Walker."
Lord Clarendon mentions, that soon after the taking of Leicester by the King's army (1 June
1645), Fairfax attempted "to take a poor house near Borstall, and was beaten from thence with
considerable loss, so that he drew off his men, very little to his honour." '
Sir Thomas Fairfax to Sir Will. Campion.
"Sir, 3 June 1645.
" I send you this summons before I proceed to further extremities, to deliver up to me the house of Borstall, you now
hold, with all the ordnance, arms, and ammunition therein, for the use and service of the Kingdom, which, if you shall
agree unto, you may expect civility and fair'respect, otherwise you may draw upon yourself those inconveniencies which
I desire maybe prevented. I expect your answer by this trumpet within one hour.
" Your Servt Tho. Fairfax."
Sir William Campion to Sir Thomas Fairfax , in answer.
" Sir, You have sent unto me a summons of a surrender of this house for the service of the Kingdom : I thought that
cant had been long ere this very stale (considering the King's often declarations and protestations to the contrary) now
sufficient only to cozen women and poor ignorant people : for your civilities, so far as they are consonant to my honour,
I embrace : in this place, I absolutely apprehend them destructive not only to my honour, but also to my conscience. I
am therefore ready to undergo all inconveniencies whatsoever, rather than submit to any, much less to those so disho-
nourable and unworthy propositions : this is the resolution of. Sir, yours, W. Campion."
It seems that some proposals were made for the removal of Lady Campion from Boarstall, upon
the prospect of a siege ; for on the same day Fairfax addressed the following letter,
To Sir William Campion.
" Sir, It is much against my mind to be thought guilty in the least measure, of any act that hath but the colour of
denial to a request that is so civil, and which to many may seem most reasonable ; but being at present so far engaged
in a design upon your house, which I hope speedily to effect, I cannot, without much prejudice to the encompassing
thereof, grant what you desire ; but if your Lady, or any other gentlewoman there, should fall into my power, I assure
you I shall take care that the like cruelty may never be used by any of this army, which hath lately been executed by
some of yours at Leicester ; and shall remain your servant, Tho. Fairfax."
" June 3d, 1645."
The attack was made on the 6th of June, and Sir William Campion with gallantry repulsed the
assailants, and killed many officers and soldiers. ^
Fairfax is said to have retreated first to Brickhill and thence to Newport Pagnell, and Sherring-
ton: and the King received intelligence of his having "been beaten off, with loss, at Borstall," as his
Majesty marched through Harborough from Leicester. ^
' Hist, of JRebellion, vol. ii. p. 655. ' Delafield's MSS. ' Echard's Hist. p. 615.
80 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
The King's Council at Oxford to Sir Will. Campion, Knt, Governor of Borstall,
" Sir, Tlie rebels being very industrious to take all advantages, by surprise to seize any of his Majties garrisons ; and
threatening every day to lay siege to such of ym as they have no hope otherwise to get possession of; it is held fit and
necessary that each of his Majesties garrisons be provided and furnished compleatly for six months : and to ye end
we may truly understand in what condition your garrison is, and for what time supply'd wtli necessary provisions, we
pray you forthwith to send us, by or before this day sennight, upon your reputation, a very true and exact certificate in
writing, what number of horse and foote, and what proportion of ammunition there is in your garrison, that we may
give an account thereof to his Majtii^, according to ye trust by him reposed in us. So we rest your very loving friends,
Ed. Littleton, C. S. Cottington.
Hertford. Dorchester.
Hen. Dovor. Chr. Hatton.
F. Seymour.
" Oxon, this 7 July IGiS. Edw. Nicholas."
To Sir Will. Campion, Knt. &c.
" Sir, Whereas there is very great want of bell-metal for casting of ordnance for his Ma'ies service, and being in-
formed that you have lately demolished a church by Boarstall, so as this want may be supply'd by ye bells taken down
in that church ; we pray you to send hither to Oxford by a safe convoy wth all possible expedic'on, all y' said hells,
and cause ym to be deliver'd to S"" George Strode or Mr Wandesford at ye Schooles, to be employ'd for making of ord-
nance. And you are to assure ye parishioners of ye parish, that they shall receive satisfaction for these said bells, so
soon as his JNIaties great occasions will permit ye same. So we bidd you farewell, and rest your loving friends,
Cottington. Hertforde.
Hen. Dovor. Ciiichester. F. Seymour.
" Oxford, this 26 of July IGiS. Edw. Nicholas."
Herbert Morley to Sir Will. Campion,
" 28 July 1645.
" Sir, Old acquaintance needs no apology. All your Sussex friends [are] in health, and continue their wonted affections
towards you; equally valuing your welfare with their own. I could impart more, but letters are subject to miscarriage,
therefore I reserve myself to a more fit opportunity. If you please, in return hereof, to send me a character, I shall
gladly send in cyphers that I am unwilling to delineate. If a conference might be had, I conceive it would be most for
the satisfaction of us both. To prevent any possible hazard of your person, if you please to let your Lady meet me at
Watford or Barkhamstead, or come hither, I will procure her a pass, and make it evidently appear that I am.
Your most affectionate servant, Herbert Morley."
Sir William Campion to Herbert Morley.
" Sir, I am glad to hear of the welfare of my friends in Sussex. For any business you have to impart to me, I have
that confidence in you, by reason of our former acquaintance, that I should not make any scruple to send my wife to the
places mentioned, but the truth is, she is at present so near her time, that she is altogether unfit to take so long a jour-
ney ; and I assure you that I have not any character that I can decypher without tedious expressions, and much trouble
to you, unless we were together, but if you please to send me one, I shall observe it : or otherwise, if j'ou will send hither
any servant or friend, in whom you can confide, I engage myself unto you on my reputation, that he shall have free
liberty to return with my pass. If you have any thing of importance (as I doubt not but you have by your letter) I
desire your answer with what convenient speed you can, for assure yourself, that there is none living that shall be more
glad to find out a way to serve you than. Sir, your trusty friend and servant,
" Borstall, August Ttli, leia. William Campion."
Herbert Morley to Sir W. Campion.
" Sir, I hope I may love you without offence, although at Borstall, and presume so far upon our old friendship, as to
assure myself you stand so much upon your reputation that you will use the bearer hereof kindly, being an honest man
whom your friends have persuaded to be the messenger to convey their respects to you. I think it not safe to write any
news. I shall therefore only desire you to send your Lady speedily amongst your friends here, not knowing how soon
Oxford and your garrison may be blocked up. I desire you will burn my letter as soon as you have read it, least here-
after it may fall into such hands as may question me for holding correspondency with you. In what I can serve you,
assure yourself you may command, Your affectionate servant,
" Aug. 4th, 1645. Herbert Morley."
BOARSTALL. 81
Sir W. Campion's answer to Mr. Herbert Morley.
" Sir, I thank you both for your kind letters, especially for the courtesy you proffer my wife. I should have willingly
made use of the proffer, but that she is absolutely incapable, being so near her time ; but, however, if it ever lie in my
power (as I doubt not but it may) I shall study to deserve the favour. As for the business you intrusted by word of
mouth, I could, if I would, have drawn you on to see what advantage I could make by it, but being my friend and old
acquaintance, I scorn it, and do therefore set down my absolute answer : I did not rashly or unadvisedly put myself
upon this service, for it was daily in my prayers for two or three months together to God to direct me in the right way,
and besides, I had conference with divers able and honest men for advice, who confirmed me in my judgment. When I
came first to the King, he to my knowledge was in a far worse condition than now ; but I see and feel that God oweth a
judgment to this land, and is now a paying of it for our sins : but / am as confident as I am alive, that the King, or his
posterity, at length will be restored, which I am bound to assist to my power by my oath of allegiance; but rather than
faile, I had rather die a beggar, than wittingly and willingly to violate my conscience towards my God and King. I
believe you think not that I fight for Popery ; (God knows my heart) 1 abhor it. God prosper me no farther than my
desires and endeavours tend to the preservation of the Protestant Religion, settled in Queen Eliz. days, the just pre-
rogative of the King, and just privileges of Parliament : but, however, I heartily thank you for your desire of the pre-
servation of me and mine, and if it ever lie in my power to do any courtesy for you, it shall not be wanting in
Your faithful friend and servant, William Campion."
" Borstall, August 4th (or 9th,) IGIS. '
The condition of Boarstall is noticed by Symonds, one of the King's train, when his Majesty
passed through this place in his road from Wing to Oxford, on Thursday 28th August 1645 :
" This day we marched to Bostoll House, belonging to the Lady Denhara.
" Sir William Campion is Governor : there is a pallazado, or rather a stockado, without the
grafFe : a deep graffe and wide ; full of water : a pallizado above the false bray : another six or
seven feet above that, near the top of the curten."
The King to Sir William Campion,
" Charles R.
" Trusty and well beloved, We greet you well. Whereas, upon the revocation of our Commission granted to our
right dear nephew Prince Rupert, as General of our Forces, all powers derived by our Commission from him are void ;
yet, in regard of your good and faithful service, we do not intend that j'ou should receive any prejudice thereby ; and
therefore, we are graciously pleased, and do hereby confirm unto you any commission received, either from ourself, or
our said dear nephew, willing you to proceed in the government and preservation of that place with your utmost care
and endeavours, and therein to obey such orders as you may or shall receive from ourself, our dearest son the Prince,
or from our right dear son the Duke of York, and any three or more of the Lords and others, Commissioners at Oxford.
All which, we are well assured you will not faile to perform. And so we bid you farewell. From our Court at Bridge-
North, this first of October IGiS."
" Charles R. Our pleasure likewise is, that you precisely obey and observe such settlements as our right dear son
the Duke of York, and the Lords Commissioners at Oxford, shall make in matters of contributions.
By his Majesties Command, Edw. Walker."
" Governor of Borstall."
Francis Martyn to Sir Wm. Campion.
" Sir, Upon your request, and the ingagement of your honour, I sent you six of your own men, in lieu of four of
Major Shilborne's and two of Capt. Phipps, which are not yet returned: I wonder much at this kind of proceedings, for
I ever conceived the word of a soldier was to be preserved inviolate as long as the person pretended to honour : where-
fore I shall desire those men may be sent me, otherwise I shall give notice to the Committee for Prisoners at London,
and other garrisons of ours, whereby exchanges maybe stopt until I have right done me, either by returning those six
men again, or mine: and hereafter I shall be more careful of inlarging of any, being uncivilly used for my courtesy : but
I shall dispense with it, until I have your answer, and subscribe myself, Sir, your servant,
« Aylesbury, 2d October, 1645. Francis Martyn."
' There is probably some error in the date of this letter.
VOL. I. M
82 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Sin WiLLiA.M Campion's keply. (Without date.)
" Sir, I much wonder that you are so forward, not only to suspect, but in a manner tax me of incivih'ty and breach
of promise before you liad received my answer, which was sent tiiis morning. I desire you to conceive tliat I am sensi-
ble of the honour of a soldier, and wish no longer to live than to keep that inviolated : you cannot but be conscious
how I have been deceiv'd formerly in my propositions of exchanges from your parts. But, howsoever, you shall find
me so honest, and so far from dishonour, that if my letter I sent you this morning give not satisfaction (so that you will
engage yourself upon your honour and reputation for the return of those that I sent) I shall send unto you those you
sent me. But I would have you take notice, that I am very sensible of your hasty and harsh message, for you should
have had an answer long before, had I not been at O.Kon upon urgent occasions. Let this suffice, from him that is,
Sir, yours, Willi. Campion."
The King to Sir Wm. Campion, Knt. Governor of Borstall House.
" Charles R. Trusty and well beloved, We greet you well. It is not unknown to any of you whose armes we use for
yf maintenance of ye established lawes of this kingdom, both in Church and State, how great ye injustices are wth vve
suffer therein, and in all other things wcli are ours, and particularly in our revenue, w'l is now so much in ye rebels' pos-
session, that they have not left us any competent subsisting for ourself, our children, and family, the expence whereof
was in part supply'd from ye several counties of this our kingdom, by ye composition, provisions of beefes, muttons,
wheat, &c. well were a great support to our housekeeping : but now, by reason of these unhappy troubles, cannot be
collected in that orderly way they were wont to be. Wherefore we will and command you, that wtliin the precincts of
your government, you levy nionthlj' for ye expence of our housekeeping, ye sum of thirty pounds, and that you make
payment thereof to such person as shall be appointed for that service by ye Lord Steward of our Houshold, beginning
from ye first of December next, for that month following, and so successively at ye beginning of every month. And
hereof we .... you should not faile, because when you looke upon your own proportions, you cannot but think it rea-
sonable your King should subsist as well as his officers. Given at our Court at Oxford, ye IQi'i day of November 1645.
By his Majtys command, Edw. Nicholas."
The King to Sir William Campion, &c.
" Charles R. Trusty and well beloved, We greet you well. As we have just reason to be offended with such of the
Governors of our garrisons who faile to send such horse, as, by our pleasure signified by the Governor of this place, they
were required to send, to assist Sr John Causfieldin the design we commanded him : so we give you thanks for your
ready obedience in sending the force required from )'ou by the like orders from him, which we pray you to comply with
as you have begun ; it being our pleasure, signified by him, and in our absence, the commands of the Lords and others,
our Commissioners here. For thereby our service will be the better effected ; which we are confident you study to ad-
vance to the utmost of your power : and so we bid you farewell. From our Court at Oxford, this Sd of December 16-15.
By his Majesties command, Edw. Walker."
To Sir Wm. Campion, our Governor of Borstall.
" Charles R. Trusty and well beloved. We greet you well. In this conjuncture of our affiiires, nothing imports us
more than to provide for ye safety of our garrison at Oxford, to w'l purpose (for divers services appointed by us) we have
issued several letters to partic persons for loans, of whose abilityes we are well satisfied : and amongst them we have
sent you ye list enclosed, signed by ye clerks to ye Lords and Commons of Parliamt here in Oxford, and doe require you,
as you will give a testimonye of your affection to our service and obedience to our commands, that you cause ye persons
named in this list to be sent unto Oxford, before, or at furthest upon, ye thirteenth of this instant December. And if they
themselves be not resident upon their estates, that you send their Bailiff, or such other person as manages their estates,
before ye Lords and Commons here to undertake for them. We have great reasons to conceive fitt to enjoin this service
within the time allotted you. And therefore we require you to interprett this our letter as a service that we punctually
expect from you, and wli will abide no delay. And so we bid you fixrewell. (liven at our Court at Oxford, the fifth
day of December, in ye one and twentieth year of our reign. By his Majtics command,
Edw. Nicholas."
In 1646 the fjarrison of Boarstall was again attacked by Fairfax, and the following letters passed
between the contending parties :
BOARSTALL. 83
For Sir William CAMPio>f, Coll. Governour of Borstall.
" S"", I have sent back unto you, herein enclosed, the protection wh you sent unto our High Sherife's wife," and I
desire you in exchange, to send backe unto mee by this bearer, my Drum, the protection wh I sent unto your Lady,
wh I may not any longer continue : and, therefore, I doe hereby recall it. Instead thereof, I doe hereby grant her two
dayes liberty from ye date hereof, to remove w* her goods into your garrison, and not to any other place : wch time
being expired, I must be excused if any inconvenience follow by her not returninge thither. But during these two
dayes, this letter shall bee a sure protection of her and her goods from violence or injury, by any under my command,
or that I can prevayle with. Sir, its not usual with me to retract a civility, wherefore resent it not as any incivility
from, Sr, your servant, Tho. Bulstrode."
" Aylesbury, 4° Aprilis 1646.
" Let this bearer, my Drum passe to Borstall garrison undisturbed. Tho. Bulstrode."
" Aylesbury, 40 Aprilis 1646."
The King to Sir Will. Campion.
" Charles R. Trusty and well beloved, We greet you well. We have seen your letter, dated this day, to Secretary
Nicholas, who by our command hath examined the reports given out concerning you, which by him we understand to
be very frivolous, and such as deserve our own and your scorn, rather than further inquisition ; yet we have appointed
him to make what more inquiry may be requisite, and to endeavour that satisfaction may be given you therein, by
punishment on the persons who shall be found faulty in that slander. We assure you, no misreport shall take place
with us to the lessening of the good opinion and full confidence which your many faithful services have fixed in us, of
your loyalty and honest resolutions, which, whenever it shall please God to bring us out of these distresses, we shall re-
member and recompence. In the mean time we desire you to use your utmost endeavours to defend the garrison we
have entrusted to your charge, and not to part from it on any termes till you hear farther from us, or from our Com-
missioners at Oxford, to whom from time to time fwhen we shall think fit to remove from hence) you are to make your
addresses. Given at our Court at Oxford, the 7th day of April 1646. By his Majesties command,
" Governor of Borstall." Edw. Nicholas."
Sir Thomas Fairfax to Sir Wm. Campion.
" Sir, I doe by these summon you to deliver uppe Borstall House into my hands, for ye use of the Parliament : you
may have honourable termes for yourself and all within your garrison, if you seasonably accept thereof. I desire your
answer this day. T. Fairfax."
" May xiith, 1646.
" For Sr William Campion, Governor of Bostoll House."
Sir William Campion's Answer.
" Sir, I have received this morning your summons for ye delivering up of this garrison. I desire to have ye favour
to send to his Majestic, from whom I received ye command, to know his will. If you think that will require too much
time, that I may then send to ye King's Commissioners at Oxon, to knowe their resolutions, from whom I am to receive
orders in his Majesties absence. Since I sent to them last, I heare there is a messenger come to them from his Majestie,
who, I doubt not, hath brought orders for all ye garrisons adjacent. If you please to grant either of these requests, you
shall oblidge, and receive a satisfactory answer, as far as may be with honour : If otherwise, I shall endeavour to my
outmost to perfect ye trust his Majestie hath imposed upon mee, and remaine, Sir, your servant,
" Borstoll, May ye 12, 1646. Will. Campion."
Sir William Campion to King Charles.
" Sir, The enemie hath blocked us up almost 8 weekes. On ye 12th day of this month I received Sr Tho. Fairfax
his summons : I have had several parlees wth ye enemie, who have told me, I should have very good conditions, if I
would surrender ye garrison, withal that your Majestie was in their handes, and I could have no hopes of reliefe. My
answer to ye one and ye other was, that if your Majestie were in their power, it could be noe prejudice to them to
suffer mee to send a messenger to know your Majesties pleasure and command ; that being refused, to sell ourselves as
deare as we could. And though what they told mee were true, I would not part with my trust without orders. The
bearer hereof, Capt. Pykes, (of whom I beseech your Majestie to take notice) hath been content to hazard himself to
' This protection does not appear to have been preserved.
84 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
fetch unto mee your Majesties will and pleasure. I shall not value my lyfe, fortune, or posteritie to serve your Majestic^
and I thanke God, the gentlemen and others of this garrison are well resolved. As I doubt not of your Majestie's care
of us, my resolution is to persist unto ye ende. Your Majestie's most faitliful, loyal, and humble subject,
" May 26, 16i6. W. Campion."
MaJOU SlIlLBORNE TO SiR WiLLIAM CaMPION.
" Sir, I received your letters dated ye SOf" and SOt'' ins*, and have acquainted ye Generall wt'i your desires therein, but
cannot obtain leave for your sending to Oxford. The King for certain hath sent to Sr Tho. Gleraham to surrender up
Oxford, and he hath sent to ye Generall for another treatye, and last night ye Generall sent in propositions to Oxford,
soe yt it is verily believed they will be agreed unto, and I could heartilye wish you would make noe more nicities of a
businesse that you and ye gentlemen wt'i you are so much concerned in. I am confident you may yet have good con-
ditions, and should bee very sorrye if you shall still denie them. It is conceived yt they will not stand long eare they
conclude upon these p'positions, and I assure you by the word of a souldier, it will then be too late for you to expect
such conditions as now you may have. And, indeed S^, I write this not onely so much for ye sparing of more blood, as
for that I desire you would hold upon your present conditions. And if in any thing I may be serviceable to bring this
to a speedy end, I shall think my endeavour well bestowed, and remain to be, Sr, your servant,
" From the Leaguer, before Borstall House, May ;51, 1646. Tno. Shilborne."
" It was late last night eare I returned from ye General, or else I should a sent before now."
" My Lord Wharton was here yesterday, and he is much sett against you, because you are soe obstinate, and soe are
divers others, there being no possibilities of anye reliefe. The Scots and ye Parliament are very well agreed, and Mon-
trose disbanded, and those garrisons in Scotland to be delivered to the Parliament forces there. This I can assure you
i»true. Tiio. Shilborxe."
Endorsed :
" For Sr William Campion, Governor of Borstall House,
present."
" Permitt this Trumpett to passe your scoutes and gardes to Borstall. Tho. Siiilborne."
Sir William Campion's answer to Major Siiilborne.
" Sir, I have receaved your letter, dated this 31st of May. You have therein express'd a great deale of respect to
me and ye rest of ye gentlemen in this garrison, for wh we shall alwayes give you the deserved testimonye of a faire and
noble enymye. Two things I shall desire you to beleeve firmely of us : first. That we shall not stand upon indiscreet or
vaine nicetys in a case of so much concernment : next, that we have no doubt, but that it is all true, whereof you give us
information by your letter. But nothing beinge more pretious to us than our honor (weli now is all in effect that is left
us) I am confident you will easily assent, that wee cannot be fairly discharg'd that way, to receave our information in
these points only from an enymye. If you will endeavour to obtaine nie this favor from your General, that I may have
leave (since not to send a friend into Oxford) at least to send this letter inclosed to Sf Tho. Glemham, to let him knowe
that I heare he is upon a treatye, upon his Majesties directions, and that your Generall's, drum, or trumpett, may carry
ye letter and bring backe the answer, you shall doe me a very acceptable office, and, upon ye receipt of his answer, I
shall soon strike up this business. It is nothing but what I conceive he may grant me, without either dishonor to himself
or disadvantage. And I shall receave it from him as a great civilitye. If I fayle in obteyning of it, yet I shall acknow-
ledge that you have endeavoured by faire wayes to oblige, S'r, your servant,
" May 31st, 1616. Will. Campion."
Sir Thomas Fairfax to Major Shilborne.
" S'r, I should be as willing to doe any civilitye for S'" W"i Campion as any man ; but must not neglect ye duty of
that trust I owe to yc Parliament: I doe wonder he should stand upon such nicetyes, as his desire to send a letter to ye
Governor of Oxon about ye surrendering of ye garrison of Borstall ; I know it is not fitt for me to permitt such a thing,
though I doe believe he would easily be satisfyed, if he should send ; but for me to suffer such a thing, now I am upon
treatye for Oxon, I hold it altogether inconvenient ; yet, to put him out of doubt, I pray you shew him this letter wh I
received from S'" Thos. Glemham, and if he knowes his hand, I believe ye sight of that will satisfye him. I wonder men
should think themselves ingaged in honor to defend places of soe little consequence to them they serve, especially con-
sidering to what their affaires are reduced. Truly, if Oxford come in, as I make no question but it will, what can he
expect by holding out longer, but an impossibilitye of ever making any termes for hiniselfe, cither to ye saving of his
person or estate, and of those wtli him : you may show him Sr Thos. Glemham his letter to me, and if you find him not
obstinate, I shall be willing at ye present to give him fitting termes. I have noe more to say at present, but rest
" Heddington, June 1st, 1616. Your very loving friend, Tho. Fairfax."
BOARSTALL.
85
Sir Thomas Glemham's Letter, referred to, in the preceding.
" Sir, I have received your letter of ye 30*1' of May, enclosing certayne articles on wh you desire the treatye may
proceed : and thereupon it is here resolved that the treatye shall go on according to ye paper of ye 23 of May last, de-
livered by your Commissioners, wth an assured confidence, that according to what was conteyned in your first summons,
and ye said paper of ye 23 of May last, the articles by treatye will be reduced to fittinge, just, and honorable conditions
on both sides. And for better expedition it is resolved, that although the number of ye Commissioners cannot be
lessen'd, yet ye Commission shall now be inlarg'd to any seven of ye Commissioners to treate and conclude ; and soe
soone as ye Commissioners shall be ready to goe to Marston (w^ will be speedily) I shall send to desire your safe con-
duct for them. S"" your humble servant, Tho. Glemham."
" Oxon, June 1st, 1646.
Council of War for treating for the Surrender of Borstall House.
" Borstall, June 2°, 164.6.
" The Governor with the Councill of War this day holden, and ye rest of ye gentlemen of this garrison of Borstall,
having received satisfaction that ye garrison of Oxon is already upon treatye, doe likewise think it fitt that there be a
treatye for this garrison of Borstall, and in testimony of their uniforme assent in that point, have hereunto subscribed
their hands :
Will. Campion.
P. Gamlyn.
Geo. Aglionbt.
Geo. Kingsley.
Tho. Bates.
Peter Dayrell.
Duke Wyvell.
Rich. Wyan.
Humfrey Peake.
Edward Campion.
Edw. Master.
Tho. Russell.
Stephen Boughton.
Jo. Mille.
John Trowte.
Thos. Graunte.
John Robinson.
Will. Thomson.
Ben. Poole.
Anthony Foshard.
Thomas Aglionby.
James W^yan.
Thomas Mildmay.
William Sclater.
Paul Dayrell.
Tho. Weller.
John Martin.
John Farnaby."
Sir Thos. Fairfax to Sir Wm. Campion, appointing Commissioners.
" S'r, I herein send you ye names of my Commissioners wh I have appointed and authorised to treate with you con-
cernynge the rendition of Bostall. I have given power to Major Shilborne to nominate the time and place to meete at ;
and likewise given him authority to give a safe conduct for your Commissioners to come to ye place appoynted.
Water Eaton, June 3, 164-6.
The names of my Commissioners are these, or any three of them :
Y'r servant,
T. Fairfax."
Quarter Mr; General Gravenor.
Major Harrison.
Major Huntington.
Major Shilborne."
Declaration signed by the Officers in Borstall House.
" 6 June 1646.
" All we whose names are underwritten, having seriously considered all intelligences and circumstances, do verily
believe the King is not in a condition to relieve us ; we do therefore hold it fitting that there be a treaty for the surren-
der of the garrison on honourable conditions, for which purpose we desire the Governor it may be done within conve-
nient time, for his and our security, and that we may not be disenabled for his Majesty's service hereafter, if occasion
shall serve :
Jo. Gamlyn. Tho. Bates. Rich. Wyan.
Geo. Aglionby. Peter Dayrell. James Harringe.
George Kingsley Duke Wyvell. Humfrey Peake.
John Trowte. Anthony Foshard. Stephen Boughton.
Ed. Master. John Farnaby, Ben. Poole.
Jo. Mille. James Wyan. Thomas Mildmay.
Tho. Russell. Paul Dayrell. John Martin.
John Robinson. William Sclater. Roger Suckiman.
Thomas Aglionby. Tho. Weller. Edward Campion."
86 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Surrender.
" Articles of agreement made ye 6^^ of June, between Quarter Master General Gravenor, Major Harrison, Major
Huntington, and Major Shilborne, on ye behalfe of his excellencye Sir Thomas Fairfax, on ye one part : and S^ George
Aglionby, Knight, Captn George Kingsby, Capt" Duke Wyvell, and Edwd Campion, Esqre, on ye behalf of Sr Wm
Campion, Knt, Governor of Borstal!, on ye other part, as followeth :
" I. That ye garrison of Borstall, wtli all the ordynance, armes, ammunitions, and all other provisions and furniture of
war w'soever, belonging to ye said garrison, except wt is allowed in ye ensuing articles, be deliver'd to his Excellencye
Sr Thomas Fairfax, or whom lie shall appoint to receave them for ye use of ye Parlmt upon the 10* of June next ensu-
ing, and yt upon signing these articles, thereto be deliver'd to ye Comms on his Excellency's part, a just bill of all yc
stores, then remaining in ye said garrison, and ye same to be preserved wHiout spoil or imbessilmt, and deliver'd up as
aforesaid.
" H. That ye Governor wtli his proper servants, and all officers in commission, and gent" within the said garrison,
shall march away wtli their own proper goods to their own houses, if they shall desire it, and shall have the General's
pass and protection to remain quietly at their habitations, they submitting to all orders and ordinances of Parlmt.
" ni. Tiiat all those wch desire to make composition with Parlmt shall have the General's effectual recommendation,
that their fynes shall not exceed ye rate of two year's revenue of their real estate, and proportionable for their personal,
or yt they may be excepted upon ye conditions express'd in ye orders of Parlmt, providing for those yt come in by the
first of May last, whether the parties so compounding shall choose, and that after composition so made, such persons
shall enjoy all liberties and immunities wthout farther tax or assessment, equally and fully wth ye rest of ye inhabitants
of this kingdom.
" IV. That all those yt desire to go beyond seas, shall have the General's passe for that purpose.
" V. That no person or persons wtsoever, within ye garrison aforesaid, shall be troubled or molested for wtsoever they
have said or done since the beginning of this Parlmt in prosecution of their commissions, in order to ye said garrison.
" VI. That all and every one of ye persons aforesaid shall, for the space of two months next after ye rendition of ye
said garrison, remain free and unmolested wthin the Parlmts quarters for ye settling and dispatch of their panic affairs,
they doing nothing prejudicial to ye Parliament.
" VH. That all sick and wounded persons wtliin the garrison shall have libertie to remaine in some adjacent villages,
and care be taken for them, untiU they be cured, and then have passes according to ye articles.
" Vni. That hostages be given on both sides for ye performance of ye said articles.
T. Fairfax.
W. Campion."
Sir Thomas Fairfax to the Speaker of the House of Commons.
" S'r, On yc siege of Borstal House, weh was surrender'd by composition, amongst other things in yt capitulation, it
was agreed that such as desired to make composition wth the Parlmt, should have my effectual recommendation that
their fynes should not exceed ye rate of two yeares of their real estates, and proportionable for their personal estate.
Sir, my earnest request to ye Honble H, of Comms is, that they please to order it accordingly. I might possibly, wtli
expence of time and blood have freed myself from ye engagement, but I had rather save your friends' blood, than win
your enemies' money ; and trul^' we could not hope to have forced ye place wthout great hazard, having had experience
of ye strength thereof, and courage of ye defenders, in a former attempt, wch was forcibly but ineffectually made. Be-
side the country gives ye Governor, Sr W'" Campion, the report of a very faire ennemye, and that he had often pro-
tected y'i> from plunder and violence. However, I make it my humble suite, that it may appear that my intercession
wth you may be as I undertooke effectual, and you will more deeply oblige,
" Bath, Aug. 3, 1646. Sf, yr most humble servant, T. Fairfax."
"For ye Honble William Lenthall, Esqre.
Speaker of ye Hon. House of Commons." '
The gallant Sir William Campion was killed at the siege of Colchester, and was buried in St.
Peter's Church there, with the following inscription on his tomb :
' From original MSS. late in the possession of Sir John Aubrey, Bart, and of William John Campion, Esq. of
Danny, in Sussex.
riir IMaii <>/• n OJl S TAIL
BOARSTALL. 87
" Here lyetb Sir W"" Campion, of Kent, who was slain in the year of our Lord 1 648 ; of his age 34 ; upon
a sally out of this town June 13th. fje was pious, valiant, constant to his Prince, whose cause he chose,
and whose service he died in. Disturb not his ashes. Reader, if thou likest his judgment thou wilt praise his
action."
The following letter was addressed by George (Goring) Earl of Norwich, a distinguished
General of the King, to Lady Campion, mother of Sir William, on the occasion of his death :
" Colchester, 26 June 164'8.
" Madam, To offer set comfort upon so inexpressible a loss, would be no less indiscretion in nie than importunity to
you, I shall therefore only beg this one favour of you for his sake that your Ladyship lov'd most and I next, that if you
can any way find wherein 1 may sacrifice ought to his memory at the hazard of all I am or ever may be, your Ladyship
shall then see by the passion wherewith I shall undertake it, how really I was his, and how sincerely, madam, your
Laps all vowed faithful humble servant, Norwich.
" I most humbly pray your Laship to let my wife know I never was better in health and heart in all my life, and that
I wrote twice very lately."
When the King's forces had quitted Boarstall, Lady Dynham retttrned to the house and re-
sided here in 1650; and in the ensuing year, when Sir Thomas Fanshawe, after the battle of
Worcester, was marched a prisoner through this part of the country, Lady Dynham shewed him
great kindness. She " would have given him all the money she had in her house, but he returned
her thanks, and told her he had so ill kept his own, that he wotild not tempt his governor with
more ; but if she would give him a shirt or two and some handkerchiefs, he would keep them
as long as he could, for her sake. She fetched him two smocks of her own and some handker-
chiefs, saying that she was ashamed to give him them, but having none of her son's at home,
she desired him to wear them."'
Hearne thus describes this place : " From Studley I went to Boarstall a mile and a half further,
on pttrpose to look at a distance upon the great house, famous for its being a garrison in the late re-
bellion. I say at a distance, because I did not care to ask to go in ; the present family of the Au-
breys that live there being great enemies to the hereditary succession, for the sake of which I am a
sufferer. ^ It is an old house moated round, and every way fit for a strong garrison. At the north
end is a tower much like to a small castle. The chapel or church is at the east end of the house :
but I could not go into it, the clarke living at a great distance from it, and the keys being kept
at the great house. I was mightily pleased to see this house, though only at a distance."^
WiUis calls it " a noble seat," and it continued to be the residence of the Aubreys until Sir
John Aubrey the 6th Baronet demolished the old house ; of which, as it appeared after its
re-erection l)y the Dynhams, with the tower and surrounding scenery, the view engraved for
Kennet's Parochial Antiquities by the munificence of Sir John Aitbrey, now by the favour of Charles
Spencer Ricketts, Esq. and his Lady, illustrates this description. A sketch of the Tower, Village,
and Church, with a rude outline of the Forest, and the presentation of the Boar's head to
the Saxon Kine;, from an old carving in the house, engraven in the Archaeologia:'* and a
' Lady Fanshawe's Memoirs, 8vo. 1829, p. 115.
' This is an honest confession of the antiquary : but there is no doubt that Sir John Aubrey, then the generous pos-
sessor of the mansion, the friend of Kennet and encourager of learning, would have gratified Ilearne, notwithstanding his
prejudices, with a sight of the famous Boarstall Horn and chartulary ; an indulgence to be refused only by the most
churlish and stultified indifference to literature.
3 Hearne's walk to Studley 31 Mar. 1716, in his Diaries in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon. * Vol. iii. p. 16.
88
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
representation of the Horn of Nigel the Forester,' (considered an heir-loom to the estate, but no
longer kept at Boarstall, though emphatically called the Charter of the Forest) have also been
liberally permitted, by the Council of the Society of Antiquaries, to embellish these pages : and
to these is added a ground plan of the still remaining Tower.
^y co-
Si and b. Towers at the north-east and north-west angles. — t and g. Towers at the south-east and south-west angles, with
entranccsjrom the garden and stone stairs. — c and e, principal apartments onihe ground-fioor. — d, a passage through the
center to the building. — 1735, date on the pier between the arches supposing the bridge, forming the entrancefrom the north.
In the Tower is a three-quarter length portrait of a military officer in a buff doublet, cuirass,
laced collar, turn-over, slouched hat with wide brim, and stiff-topped gloves ; probably upon no
sufficient authority accredited as a picture of King Charles ; whom it does not resendile, and is
a very ordinary performance.
Within this lordship is an ancient decoy pond, of about three acres, for wild ducks, teal,
widgeon, &c. which abound in the contiguous marshes called Otmoor.
See p. 55.
BOARSTALL. 89
The decoy consists of several narrow channels communicating with a lake to which the wild
fowl resort, and being prompted by a number of tame ducks (obedient to the signal of their keeper,
who invites them with a small shrill pipe to their food) to follow thein into those channels, are
prevented returning by a trap ; and their escape being interrupted by nets sjn-ead over the channels,
the keeper with his dogs secures the captives, of which great numbers find a ready market in the
neighbouring towns ; and some are sent to a great distance. Delafield, who commends the
ingenuity of this contrivance, states, that " Duck traps are said to have been first erected in Eng-
land by Sir William Woodhouse, Knt. of Waxham, in Norfolk, jester to King James:" ' but in
the survey of Sandwell Priory, in Staffordshire, in the reign of Henry VIII. is an account of
" Pools dekaied, with a fair spryng ronnyng thoro them :" ^ evidently relating to an earlier inven-
tion of the same kind.
In 1598 the assessment of this parish for " the service of Queen EUzabeth's household was
7s. 8d. per ann : New Park 2As. 5d. : Cutching well 24*. 5d. : Frithfield 25*. \0d. : Hill wood 14.y.
Total 4/. 16*. id."
In 1632, on the disafforesting of Bernwode, a separate allotment was made to twenty cottagers
of Boarstall (without intercommoning with the poor of Brill and Oaklev) of 60 acres out of the
waste of Sir John Dynham's lands in Milk Hills, Corngrove coppice, and Grcne's wood, in lieu of
ancient common rights.
In 1776 the expense of the poor was 82/. 17*. 4d. : in 1785, 87/. 1*. 7d. : in 1822, 412/. 19*. :
and in 1824, 292/. 12*. 3
The Population in 1712, only amounted to 30: in 1821, there were 47 famihes, consisting of
114 males, and 17 females.
POOR folks' pasture
is a piece of common at the south west angle of this parish, allotted as part of Bernwode
Forest in 1632, for the benefit of " the poorer sort of inhabitants of Brill and Oakley," consisting
of 115 acres for the inhabitants of Oakley, and 181 acres, 3 perches for Brill, at 2^/. per acre,
under the direction of four trustees chosen out of Brill, two of Oakley, and six of places adjacent
(not being lords of manors in Brill or Oakley, and eight having power to act) who on the Sundav
next after Lady day annually, were to determine respecting the number of cattle to be depastured
by the persons for whose use this allotment was made, in lieu of common rights. The said trus-
tees to nominate others in perpetual succession, and to certify their proceedings to the Justices of
the Peace for the County at the Easter Quarter Sessions, there to be recorded, for the benefit of
reference in case of disagreement respecting the trust. In consequence of modern changes efl^ected
here, an annual money payment is now made " to the poor, arising out of the proceeds of the lands."
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY.
The chapel, dedicated to St. James, was separated from Oakley, and made parochial in 1418 by
Philip Bishop of Lincoln, with consent of the Prior and Canons of St. Frideswide in Oxford, pro-
prietors and patrons, and with the concurrence of the Vicar of Oaklev-^
' Hist, of Chilton, annexed to Kennefs Paroch. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 526. ^ Monast. Anglic, vol. iv. p. 191.
3 Printed Returns. ■* Kennet's Parochial Antiquities, vol. ii. p. 269.
VOL. I. N
90 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
The building was consecrated 2 Nov. 1418, by William Sokton, Sufiragan to the Bishop of
Lincoln, with a reservation of the honour due to the mother church, and a yearly pension of one
shilling to the Vicar of Oakley at Michaelmas for ever. '
In 1430, it was determined that the inhabitants of Boarstall, notwithstanding the erection of
this chapel, should be assessed in equal proportion with the inhabitants of Oakley towards the
repairs of the mother church. ^
In 1449 it was agreed that Edmund Rede, Esq. lord of this manor, and his heirs, should have
the nomination of a priest to officiate in the chapel, who being presented to the Prior of St.
Frideswidc (that convent being possessed of the impropriation of Oakley) should, if there were
no canonical incapacity, be admitted without demur, and receive, for his portion or salary, all tithes,
oblations, mortuaries, and emoluments (excepting tithes of corn and hay) from the three common-
fields of Boarstall, Frithfield, Cowhouse-field, and Arncgrove-field ; tithe of underwood and lop-
ping, and of venison, on all the lands within the King's wood of Paunsale, reserved by the Prior
and Convent for their own proper use, they taking upon themselves the care and expense of re-
l)airingthe chancel of the said chapel, and paying procurations, synodals, and tenths, when granted
bv the Clerev to the King^
THE PERPETUAL CURACY.
In 1450, Edmvmd Rede, Esq. granted to John Kynton ^'perpetual capellane of Borstall," Pres-
fi/s House, and a close called " Bardolpliy.s gardyn," with half a virgatc of land ; and other lands
' Rennet's Parochial Antiquities, vol. ii. p. 290. - lb. p. 311. See also Oakley.
^ Universis Sanctoe Matris ecclesie filiis ad quos, <!v:c. Willielmus pennissione diving Lincoln, Episcopus, &c.
Novei-it universitas vestra quod ciim jamdudum inter dilectos nobis in Christo Priorem S. Frideswid.x in Oxon. ordinis
8. Augustini et ejusdem loci Conventuni, proprietaries ecclesise parochialis de Okele et capelloE de Borstall predict,
in com. Buck., et Edmund. Rede Armig. &c. ex altera .... et exhibitione unius capellani qui sumptibus dicti Prioris
et Convent, in capellS. de Borstall qua; ab eccles. parochiali de Okele prasdict^ dependet, quotidie celebraret, ac sacra
et sacralia dicto Edmundo ejusque haeredibus ac incolis et inhabitantibus villulam sive hamelettam de Borstall praedicta'
ministraret, conventio concordia sive amicabilis compositio totaliter intercepit : viz. quod in dicta capellS, de Borstall
praedict. sit perpetuo unus idoneiis capellanus per dictum Edmund, ejusque haered. et assignat. providendus, et Priori
dicta: Ecclesias S. Frideswidee, qui nunc est et qui pro tempore fuerit nominandus, et per eundera priorem ejusque
successores pro tempore existentes, ad noniinationem hujusmodi absque difficultate (dummodo aliud canonicum non
obsistat) admittendus. Qui sic admissus in dictfi capella quotidife celebrabit, ac sacra et sacralia eidem Edmundo
&c. ministrabit. Qui quidem capellanus et successores sui nomine salarii sui recipient singulis annis imperpetuum
omniraodas decimas tam majores quam minores, ac oblationes raortuaria et caetera quacunque emolumenta eidem
capella; de Borstall qualitercunque pertinentia sive spectantia. Praeter solummodo decimas garbarum bladorum et
f'eoni de tribus campis dc Borstall praedictfl, vocatis Frithfeld, Covvhousefeld, et Arnegrovefeid ; ac etiam praeter
decimas silva;, ca;duEe boscorum et subboscorum, et ferarum de quibuscunque terris et locis infra boscum Domini
Regis de Paunsale, infra tines et limites fundi sive teriilorii dictae capelke de Borstall, provenientes sive contingentes.
Quas quidem decimas predict! Prior et Conventus, et eorum successores, ad usus suos proprios integri; libere et quiete
recipient imperpetuum. Ita quod prasfatus Edraundus et haeredes sui praedicti exonerabunt de caetero ipsos Priorem
et Conventum ac eorum successores futuros de prsefato capellano, &c. Proviso semper quod Prior et Conventus
supradicti, et eorum successores de ca;tero competenter reparabunt et sustentabunt cancellam capellae praedicta;, ac
etiam procurationcs et synodalia eidein capellce incumbuntia, necnon decimas per clerum Domino Regi de capellfl,
praedicta imposterum concedendas solvent imperpetuum. Et si contingat qu6d absit dictam capellani officio capellani
hujusmodi in defectu Edmundi aut haeredum suorum per duos menses destitui, tunc Prior S. Frideswidae infra alios
duos menses hujusmodi capellanum in dictii ecclesia ordinabit et deputabit."
BOARSTALL. 91
and tenements lately held by the grant of Robert Symeon, of Little Hazeley,' so long as the said
Kynton should continue a " resident capellcaie," and duly serve the cure of Boarstall. -
In 1525 King Henry VIII. granted to Thomas Cardinal of St. Cecilia, Archbishop of York and
Legate, &c. the Rectory of Borstall and Bryll, part of the possessions of the dissolved monastery
of St. Frideswide, with assize of bread and all other customs and privileges enjoyed by the abbats,
&c.^ In 1530 on changing the foundation at Oxford after the Cardinal's disgrace, the King trans-
ferred this impropriation and advowson to John Longland, Bishop of Lincoln, for the use of the
Dean and Canons of the King's College. * This grant was also resumed, and the premises were
given to Sir John Williams, Lord Williams of Thame, who by will, dated 8 March 1558, be-
queathed the Rectories and Parsonages of Brill, Oakley, and Boarstall, inter alia, to Robert D'Oy-
lev, Esq. of Merton, co. Oxon, and William Place, Gent, of Ludgershall, his executors upon trust,
to erect a free-school in Thame, and sustain with the profits, &c. a master and usher there for ever :
and under letters patent, dated 27 Jan. 1574, from Queen Elizabeth, a site was purchased, and an
annual rent charge of 36/. reserved upon this impropriate rectory. *
In 1584, Queen Elizabeth, on the petition of Henry Lord Wentworth, granted '' to Theophilus
Adams and Thomas Butler, and the heirs and assigns of Theoph. Adams, all those lands in Brill
and Boarstall formerly belonging to St. Frideswide's monastery, and unjustly detained from the
Queen, isic. having been chauntry lands, or applied to superstitious uses. ^ "
In 1588, the Queen also granted to Sir Edw. Stanley, Knt. his heirs and assigns, sixteen ridges
of land in Boarstall field, in the occupation of John Dynhani, part of the concealed lands late be-
longing to chauntries and lights, at As. per ami.''
King James I. in 1610, confirmed the conveyance made of the rectory and advowson of Brill
and OaMey,^ and Dame Penelope, widow of Sir John Dynham, at length possessing the impro-
priation, a suit was instituted for the recovery of tithes against Browne, a proprietor of lands
here, who pleaded exemption from payment, his estate being part of the late forest : also in June
1656, a cause was tried between Dynham the impropriator, and Ilarte a proprietor, upon a claim
of the plaintiiFto the lay impropriation, with great and small tithes, under letters patent of James I.
and a verdict was found for the plaintiff, to whom Harte was ordered to pay tithes. ^
' Co. Oxon.
^ Omnibus Christi fidelibus, &c. Edmundus Rede Armiger, Dominus de Borstall in com. Buck, salutera in Domino.
Noveritis me prsefatum Edmundum, pro salute animae meae et antecessorum meorum, concessisse tradidisse et dimisisse
Domino Johanni Kynton, perpetuo capellano ecclesioe sive capellae de Borstall praedicta, unum messuagium meuni
in Borstall vocatum Presty's House, cum clauso vocato Bardolphy's Gardyn, &c. quod quidem messuagium cum clauso
jacet in longitudine intra coemeteriura ecclesiae sive capellae prasdictae ex parte boreali et teneraentum Thomae Corsed,
ex parte australi' et regiara viam ex parte occidentali, cum aliis terris et tenementis quae nuper habui ex dono et
concessione Roberti Symeon de parva Haseley. Habend' et tenend' prEedictum meum clausum et dimidiam virgatam
terras prsefato Domino Johanni Kynton, quamdiu ipse perpetuus capellanus residens ecclesiae sive capellae praedictaj
extiterit, ac curam eidem coniingentem habuerit, et debite supportaverlt. Et ego praefatus Edmundus, &c. warantiza-
bimus, &c. In cujus rei testimonium huic praesenti scripto meo sigillum meum apposui. Hiis testibus, Domino
Edmundo Hampden, milite ; Roberto Fitz Elys, Tliomk GytFard, Rogero Power, Johanne Stokes, armigeris ; Dragone
Streteley, Richardo Grabard, Roberto William, Willielmo Teynton, Thoma Dorset, et multis aliis. Datum apud
Borstall praedict' ultimo die Octobris, anno Regni Regis Hen* sexti post conquestum vicesimo octavo. Ex Chart, de
Borstall MS. f. 126. Kennet's Paroch. Antiq.
3 Rot. Pat. 17. Hen. VHI. Test. 1 Jul. " Ibid. 22 Hen. VIII.
5 Magn. Brit. vol. iv. p. 420. Carlisle's Gram. Schools, vol. ii. p. 213 ; and copy of Lord Williams's Will, attested
in Autograph. '^ Rot. Pat. 27 Eliz. Test. 2 Aug. See also WiNciiENDo>f.
' Rot. Pat. 31 Eliz. Test. 15 Nov. » Rot Pat. 8 Jac. I. Test. 2 Feb.
9 Decrees in Tithe Causes, vol. iv. 266, n.
92 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
The Impropriation and advowson subsequently passed with the manor to the famiUes of Lewis
and Aubrey, and have become vested in Sir Thomas Digby Aubrey, Bart, the present possessor,
subject to the same entail as the manorial estate.'
PERPETUAL CURATES.
Jy/f.vA'i-.vro.v, nominated Curate, or "Capellane," John Pym, or Pimme, Curate of Brill, admitted
by Edm. Rede, Esq. and admitted 7 June M19, by Curate here 19 Dec. 1603.
Robert, Prior of St. Frideswide's, in Oxford. Bohert Coney, 1613, Minister.
Bichard Bichardson, 1183, called Curate. Thomas Lnshton, 1617, was also Curate of Brill.
John Coppe, 1523.
James Anderton, signed Minister 1641.
John Neivton, l.'iSS. Sanmel Bendy, 1663.
Gregory Pesye, 1535. James Wadding, 1669. He was created A. M. of the
It was returned in 1561, diat there was no minister University of Oxford, 20 Dec. 1670, and is the last
at Boarstall. styled exclusively Curate of Boarstall : this Chapelry
having been since held with Brill. ^
THE CHAPEL,
in a painting still extant, is represented with a tower at the west end, which probably contained
the bells sent to Oxford in the civil war;"* but in 10(30, when the building was repaired by Dame
Penelope Dynham, and consecrated by Archbishop Shcldon,5 Jt consisted only of a nave and chancel,
about 57 feet long, and 22 feet 6 inches wide. Willis remarks, that in Rennet's plate it was in-
correctly drawn as if covered with lead, when in fact it was tiled.^ It probably so remained until
having become dilapidated, it was rebuiU in 1818 on the original foundation, by Sir John Aubrey,
Bart, the impropriator, and covered with slate ; but without either a tower or a bell, exhibiting an
unusual instance of a church, with rights of sepulture and marriage, destitute of provision for com-
plying with the ecclesiastical canons.
Its appearance is represented in the old plate. The interior is remarkably neat. Opposite to
the south door is a modern font of Coade's artificial stone : the floor paved with fine white stone,
the ceiling of wainscot, with corbels of angels bearing shields : the chancel separated from the nave
by an iron balustrade, on an ascent of two steps. The Creed and the Lord's Prayer are painted
on each side of the east window, which is of ground glass, with a rich border of purple and crim-
son, having roses in the spandrils, and in each of the lower angles a quaterfoil in gold. In the
central compartment are the arms of Sir John Aubrey, Bart, impaling those of his two wives,
Colcbrooke and Carter. On the dexter side, in a compartment between two olive-branches cres-
cent-wise Az. ; crest, on a wreath Ar. and Az. a bugle horn Vert, mounted Or, stringed Gu. In
the sinister compartment, between two olive-branches Vert, on a wreath Or and Az. an eagle's
head erased Or, with the motto " solem fero," on a crimson ribbon connecting the sprigs of olive :
l)cing the proper crest of Aubrey.
The western window has a border of purple and gold, and below it on the wall are the Royal
arms and supporters in chiaro obscuro.
See p. 73.
" Parish Register.
5 See Brill.
Willis's MSS. i
n Bibl. Bodl. Oxon.
'' Paroch. Antiq. vol. ii. p.
BOARSTALL.
93
The pulpit, which is modern, of oak, handsomely carved, is placed in the north east angle of the
nave. Opposite to it is a large pew for the lord of the manor, the rest of the nave being fitted up
with open seats.
On the south side of the chancel is a mural monument, with an altar tomb covered with a slab
of Sussex marble, in which are the marks of brasses, supposed to have belonged to the tomb of
Sir Edmund Rede, who, in 1480, willed to be buried here. ' Supported by the tomb, is a window-
shaped screen of florid Gothic, in dove-coloured marble, having its principal arch divided into two
cinquefoil-headed compartments, by a muUion terminating in a trefoiled corbel. Below, is a tablet
of grey marble with twelve pointed arches. Within the point of the arch, near the top of the
screen, enclosed in a rosette, is a shield, with the arms of Aubrey, Bart, quarterly, and on corbel
shields, supported by angels, at the spring of the arch, Colebrooke and Carter.
On a tablet of white marble, within the Gothic arch, are these inscriptions
Mary,
wife of
John Aubrey, Esq.
(now Sir John Aubrey,
Baronet),
and eldest daughter
of
Sir James Colebrooke,
of Gatton, in Surrej', Baronet,
(to whom she was coheiress
with her sister Emma
Countess of Tankerville,)
died June 14th, 1781,
in her 32d year :
and is deposited
by the side of
their most beloved son
John Aubrey,
who was born Dec. 6th, 1771,
and died Jan. 2d, 1777.
Martha Catherine,
wife of
Sir John Aubrey,
Bart.
and daughter of
George Richard Carter,
of Chilton-House,
in this county, Esq.
and Julia his wife,
died Sept. 3d, 1815,
in her 50th year.
She was coheiress to the said
George Richai'd Carter, Esq.
with her sister
Julia Frances,
who died in her 14th year,
and is buried
in their family vault,
in Chilton Church :
They two alone, of six children,
survived their revered parents.
' Willis describes a marble on the south side with marks of an eiBgy and four escutcheons, and another on the north
side with effigies and a decayed inscription. He also copied from a slab the following inscription : " Here lieth the
body of Francis Tilsy, who departed this life the 30 Jan. 1701, aged 46 years :
" Earth take my earth, Satan my sin I leave,
The world my substance, Heav'n my soul receive : "
and mentions an achievement with these arms: 1. Lewis. 2. Dynham. 3. Az. three birds Or. 4. Vaire, three
buckles Gu. 5. James. 6. De la Pole. 7. Arg. a lion ramp. Az. guttfe d'or. 8. Nigel. 9. A cross flory Sab. ; and
another with the eight former quarterings ; impaling: 1. Sab. a fess Arg. between three anchors Or. 2. Banistre.
3. Gu. three lioncels passant Arg. 4. Arg. a chev. between three martlets Sab. 5. Erm. a chevron indented Gu.
6. Girony Or and Sab. on a canton Gu. a cup Or. 7. Chequfe Ar. and Gu. a chevron Az. charged with three roses Or.
8. Erm. on a chevron indented Sab, three quaterfoils Or. 9. Gu. a fess Erm. between three lioncels ramp. Or.
10. Langston. 11. Williams of Thame. 12. Arg. a crane Sab. 13. Party per chevron Erm. and Sab. two grey-
hounds counter-saliant Ar. within a border Az. semefe of fleurs-de-lis Or. 14. As 12. 15. Sab. a fess between, in
chief two lions' faces, in base a trefoil slipped Or. Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl.
94
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
On the lower part of the same tablet :
Revelations, ch. xxi, ver. 1.
On the north side is a tomb of veined marble,
on which is a monument ; formed of Coade's
artificial stone, being the model of a Gothic win-
dow with cinqucfoil head, under a screen elabo-
rately sculptured, and with a rich finial between
turrets. In the point of the arch, on a shield,
the arms of Sir John Aul)rey and his two wives
as before :
Sir John- Auinirv, 15ar\
whose union witli two women of
such rare excellence, he regarded
as tile ciioicest blessing of
Providence, and tlie peculiar
felicity of a long life :
died 1 March, 1826,
aged 86 years.
He was more than half a century
a Memiier of the British Senate :
and part of that time one of the
Representatives of this County.
His public conduct was uniformly
upright, firm, and independent.
His private character was
just, lumiane, and generous.
On a small mural tablet, with the arms of
Aubrey in a lozenge :
Near this place lie interred the remains of Patty
Mary Aubrey, only daughter of Sir Thomas Aubrey,
Bart, and Dame Martha his wife. She died the 13th
of September 1774, in the 24th year of her age.
On a lozenge of white marble :
Mrs. Mary Aubrey, spinster, daughter of Sir John
Aubrey, Bart, born August 1703, and died in Dec.
1768. She was a sensible, most benevolent, and truly
pious woman.
On another ;
Sir John Aubrey, of Llantrithydd, Glamorganshire,
and Borstall, in Bucks, Baronet: born May 20, 1680,
and died April 16, 1743. He was the only son of Sii
John Aubrey by Margaret, daughter of Sir John Low-
ther, Bart, of Lowtlier Hall, in Westmorland.
The Communion Plate having been stolen out of the church, 2.3d December 1812, a new
chalice was jjrovidcd at the cost of about 10/. and another of very elegant workmanship of silver
gilt, with embossed representations of the Salutation of the Virgin, and the Nativity, was pre-
sented in 1824, by Thomas Parker, Esq. father-in-law of the incumbent.
In the Register, which begins in 1G40, is a record of the marriage of " Sir George Yilliers, Knt.
and Bart, and Mary Dynham, 17 June 1(541."
In the church-yard is part of a stone cross, mentioned by Delafield,' as in his time standing
almost entire : but another cross, then " lying near a pond by the highway at some distance," is no
longer to be found.
Hearne records a grave-stone remaining in 171(5, in memory of Edward Mayne, who died
28 :\Iay 1702, in the 90th year of his age. 2"
PAROCHIAL CHARITIES.
Dame Penelope Dynham, by her will in 1672, bequeadied 8/. ^jw ««". to apprentice poor children. In
1786 it was returned, in pursuance of an Act of Parliament (26 Geo. HI.) that " there being no children," the
money was "applied for the use of the po(M-." Trustees: The Lord of the ^Slanor, Minister, Churchwardens,
and Overseers.
Edward Lewis, Esq. by will, in 1671, settled an annuity of 12/. for the benefit of poor persons, not receiv-
ing parochial relief
:>ir John Aubrey, (6di) BarL by will, in 1826, bequeathed 20s. per ami. to the parish clerk of Boarstall, to
keep the monuments of his family here, " in a clean and decent state :" and such farther sum, not exceeding 5/.
per mm. as his trustees (Elizabeth Sophia Ricketts, devisee of his principal unentailed estates, and the Curate of
Brill and Boarstall, for the time being) may direct to be paid out of the proceeds of 2200/. Bank 3 ptr cent, con-
solidated annuities, left by him in trust for certain charitable purposes.^
Hist, of Chilton.
Diaries in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon.
See Bk
BRILL. 95
BRILL, ANCIENTLY B R E H U L L.
The name has been supposed a contraction from Burgh-hill, and also fancifully derived from
burrs and briars growing here,' or from having been built with stone and enclosed with walls.
Hearne thought that its situation and the coins found here, proved it an ancient burgh. ^ He cites
the account of Camden, ^ mentions the ravages of the Danes in Bernwode forest, the Roman
money found near Brill : its being a royal vill of Edward the Confessor, and the probable con-
traction of the name from Bury-hill. Kennet denied that it had been called Burgus, or that it
was sacked by the Danes :* but imagined its proper appellation to have been Brueham, Bruhel,
or Brehull, from Bruel and Bruer, signifying a brake or thicket;^ but all these learned authors
seem to have overlooked the etymology of Bjioel, which might have been derived from a park or
enclosure for deer, agreeable to the translation of the word by Somner, and suitable to the situa-
tion of Brill. Kennet elsewhere remarks, that it might be called Brinkley, from Brin, " the hill
on which it standeth, and hely, the salt wells about it, whereof the hr'uies beneath it, seem to con-
tinue the memory:"^ adding, " it is generally received, that Brill was one of the seats of King
Ludd. Ludd's well, Ludd's slade, and Ludgar's-hall, seeming to be part of his namc."^
In the time of the Confessor, an accident here greatly increased the fame of the King, if not
the celebrity of the place ; which is thus related : " Wulwyn, surnamed Spillicorn, son of Wuhnar
de Nutgersale (qu. Ludgershall ?) cutting down fuel in the wood of Bruelle, after hard labour, fell
asleep, and by a settlement of blood in his eyes lost his sight during seventeen years, when, in
consecjuence of a dream, making a pilgrimage to eighti/seven churches to beg relief from their
patron saints, and at length coming to Windsor, his sight was immediately restored b^ the royal
touch" He was afterwards (proceeds the legend) appointed Keeper of the King's Llouses, and en-
joyed that office during the life of the Confessor, and after his decease.^ This was accounted
amongst the miracles of St. Edward ; and Ailred, Abbat of Rievaulx, represents it as having hap-
pened at Brueham, which, according to Kennet, was subsequently called Brill.^
The parish is bounded on the north by Ludgershall and Wotton, on the east by Dorton and
Chilton, on the south by Chilton and Oakley, and on the west by Boarstall, and the county of
Oxford.
The soil in the lower grounds is a deep tenacious clay, intermixed with shells, loam, and sand,
of various colours.
Brill-hill is one of the highest of those insulated eminences which are distributed at the foot,
and accompany the range of the Chilterns. Near the surface are found broken strata of brick
earth, lime-stone, grit, red sand, ochre, and rubble, a firmly consolidated bed of oyster shells, and
■ Plott's Nat. Hist, of Oxon, Ch. 10. ' Preface to Roger of Gloucester's Clironicon, vol.
3 Brittan. p. 279. ^ Paroch. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 56. ' Ibid. p. 55.
^ Of these salt springs no accurate account seems to have been preserved.
' Paroch. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 425. " William of Malmesbury, p. 91.
s* Decern Script. Abbrev. p. 592.
96 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
amongst the iron -sand, large nodules of bright yellow, interspersed with lumps of pure white, in
various forms, hut chiefly cylindrical : these all rest on a basis of clay, of unexplored depth ; the
ochrc'ous beds being interposed between the other strata in thin layers : and imparting their co-
lour and (juality to many of the neighbouring springs.
Purljock, or Portland stone, and Kiineridge clay " rise from the Thame," on the south west, and
cvdminate on Brill-hill, with a thin covering of iron-sand : ' this being supposed the highest
point of these formations in England. - This place has been long celebrated for these productions.
Kennet described Brill as " a town well graced with many fair houses and good buildings, deli-
cately situated upon a fruitful hill, in the midst of the forest, and blessed witii all kinds of commo-
dities, as corn, hay, grass, wood, herbs and roots, wells and springs, that the earth can bring forth
in the upper parts ; the earth within serving for the best hrkh and earthen vessels, and the stones
for lime. It standeth on the top of a fair hill in the upper part of the vale of Aylesbury, having a
goodly prospect every way, saving the Chlnnor side (S. E.) where it reacheth but twelve miles,
and so passing down between Musewell and Borstall by Studley Abbey to the great fat common
of Ottnioor, that in winter is nothing but a sea of waters."^
The parish contains about 3100 acres, of which between 300 and 400 are arable, 250 wood,
2400 meadow and pasture, and the remainder connnons and waste, including roads and the site of
the village.
THE MANOR.
Brehull, in the Domesday Survey, described as the King's manor, was rated at twenty hides.
There were twenty-five ploughs : in the demesne three. There were nineteen villeins, and thir-
teen bordars, having seventeen ploughs, and five might have been added. Two servants, one mill
valued at ten shillings : meadow for twenty teams : woods for two hundred hogs : the whole an-
nual rent 38/. of coined silver money, and for the forest 12/. of assayed or dealbatcd coin, by
weight. In the time of King Edward 18/. ad numenim, that is of money counted in ora\ not in
shillings.4
These expressions in regard to the value, are remarkable in the distinction between cultivated
lands and those belonging to the forest. Perhaps the ithi'ce arsce et pensatce were not merely of
silver weighed and assayed, to prove its requisite degree of purity ; but might be of coin debased
by fraud or use, or originally of insutticient fineness and below the standard; which when brought
into the Exchequer was assayed, and any deficiency discovered, together with the expense of the
process commuted by a payment.
The value of the orse was twenty-pence, as that of the shilling was twelve-pence.^
The Conqueror retained Brill as part of the royal demesnes:*^ and at the Norman Survey,
' Conybeare and Phillips's Outlines of Geology p. 180. ' Ibid. p. 18 1.
' Paroch. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 425.
< Terra Regis. CD' Brunhclle fuit 00' R. K. p' xx. hid' se defd" scp" T'ra e. xxv. car'. In d'liio sunt iij. Ibi xix.
uilli cum xiii. bord' h'nt xvii. car' et adhuc v. poss' fieri. Ibi ii. serui. et i. molin. de x. sol. p'ta xxti car' Silua. cc. pore'.
Int. tot. reddit p' ann' xxxtoyiiito lib' de albo argento et pro f'oresta. xii. lib' arsns et pensatas. T. R. E. reddeb' xviii.
lib' ad numeru". Lib. Censual. torn. i. f. 143, b.
^ Introduct. to Lib. Censual. p. Ii. Madox's Hist, of the Exchequer, torn, i p. 'iSi. Wilkins"s LL. Anglo Sax.
Gloss, p. 41.5. Clarke on Roman, Saxon, &c. Coins, p. 31G.
« Lib. Censual. vol. i. f. 143.
BRILL. 97
Boarstall, Kingsey, and Radnage, appear to have been included with it : and suit of Court was
also paid here from many other places ; so that if not independent of the Hundreds, a distinction
was certainly made between this royal Burgh and other towns : ' and in the reign of Edward II.
when, by an order of the Parliament at Lincoln, one man-at-arms was equipped for every township,
BrehuUe and Boarstall were exempted from that levy.^
It is not certain that the Conqueror or his immediate successors resided here ; but Brehull is
mentioned in grants made by King Stephen, and the Empress Maud. In 1157, Henry de Essex,
Sheriff of Bucks and Bedfordshire, accounted for 60*. rent of the King's farm at Bruhull, and 60s.
for lands here, which had been given to the Brethren of IVitsand. ^
Ranulph Earl of Chester, in the reign of Stephen, gave to Viell his Esquire or armour-bearer
a tenement in Brill;'* which seems to confirm the tradition of the connexion of Brill with the
Mercian sovereigns, from whom Lucia, wife of Ranulph, was descended : she being daughter of
Algar Earl of Mercia, widow of Roger Fitz-Gerald and Ivo Talbois, and therefore may be sup-
posed to have brought to the Earl a portion of the ancient inheritance. King Henry II. kept
his Court at Brill in 1160, and here executed a charter of free warren to Robert Bishop of Lin-
coln of lands in Banbury, to which Thomas a Bccket, Archbishop of Canterbury and Chan-
cellor, was an attesting witness. Another charter of lands granted to Lincoln Cathedral was also
tested in the same year, " apud Bruhellam in Foresta." At Brill likewise, in 1162, the King
granted the hermitage of Finemore in this county, to Notley Abbey. ^
In 1177 (23 Hen. II.) Roger de Sandford, Knt. granted to St. Nicholas's Church in Sandford, ''
and the Nuns there, one acre of land in Bruhell, which his grandfather Aired had given to his
mother in frank marriage, and in consideration of which they were to receive annually 2*. or one
seam of nuts. This donation was confirmed in 1254 by Thomas Basset, husband of Mabel, daugh-
ter and heir of Ralph de Sandford, son of the before-mentioned Roger and Melhcent his wife.''
The Sheriff of Bucks regularly accounted for the manor of Brill, at the Exchequer,^ until the
reign of John. Boarstall remained in the possession of the descendants of Nigel the Forester :
Kingsey and Radnage had been severally granted to new possessors. 9
King John having in 1203 bestowed Boarstall on Walter Borslard,'^ granted to him, under the
appellation of " serviens de capella nostra," the manor of Brill with its appurtenances, for the ac-
customed services, and 40^. per ann. with the custody of the King's houses in Brehull, &c. the
charter, being dated at Marlborough ; " and Borstard paid a fine of one hundred shillings, and as
many capons, for this grant.'^ Brill was held in soccage as ancient demesne of the Saxon Kings,
under whom no tenant held by military service.'"
King John was at Brill 23 Oct. 1205,'^ and kept the ensuing Christmas here.'^
■ See Rot. Hundred, 39 Hen. HI. and 3 Edw. I. ■' Norn. ViUarum, 10 Edw. H. Pref.
3 Ibid, and Rot. Pip. 3 and -t Hen. 11.
1 Weaver's Funeral Men. p. 356, citing Cart. Ranulph, Com. Cest. Fleta, lib. i. c. 27.
5 Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. i. p. IG-i. See also Crendon.
' Littlemore, co. Oxon, not Sandford in Berkshire.
' Monast. Anglic, vol. iv. p. 490-492 ; and Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. i. p. 182.
" Rot. Pip. temp. Hen. II. and Ric. 1. » Rot. Hundred. See also Ringsey and Radnage. '" See p. 57.
" Per manus Cicestriensis Electi apud Merleberg, xxiii Aprilis, a. is. nostri quinto. Rog. Dodsworth's MSS.
vol. XXV. p. 38. Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. i. p. 229.
" Rot. Pip. 6 Joh. in Dodsworth's MSS. vol. xiv. p. 94.
•3 Spelman's Codex Leg. MS. sub Gul. i.and Rennet's Antiq. " Rot.Pat. 6 Joh.
'5 Rot. Glaus. 7 Joh. Append, to Brady's Hist, of England, p. 1651 : and Rennet, vol. i. p, 233, n.
VOL. I. O
98 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
In 1207, Walter Bustard, Knt. was commanded to superintend the repairing of the King's
houses here.'
In 1208, Thomas de Feckenham, possessing part of the manor of Brill, paid a fine of five marks
and one palfrey for an inquest respecting his right of waste, which was decided against him."
In 1215 and 1217 (17 Joh. and 2 Hen. III.) precepts were directed to the King's Bailifts to
permit Walter Burstard to hold the manor of Brill ; which at his death reverted to the Crown. ^
King Henry III. resided occasionally here, and a patent by which the castle and honour of
Berkhampstead were granted to Thomas de Cirencester in 1224, was dated at Brill: as was also a
license to Basilia, a favourite of Walter Clifford, that she might be supplied with dead wood for
fuel out of the forest."*
In 122(5, Hugh de Ncvil, Warden of the King's Forests and Justiciary, had seisin of Brill. ^
In 1242, it was found by an inquisition, that the King had a wood called Ixhull, and pasture
for twenty-four great cattle, with unlimited common for horses, oxen, cows, pigs, goats, and sheep,
in Ixhull, the White wood, Hillesden, Lashmede-pasture, Paunshill, Luenslade, Malcombe's wood,
and Arnegrove in the manor of Brill, to the amount of 50,s\ pannage, &c. ; that John Fitz-iVea/e
held freely the deer hide, &c. ;6 that there were forty-eight tenants holding eighty virgates of land,
at will, and thirtv-two virgates at 55. per ami. rent, besides customs. ''^
In 1244, William de Holwell, Sheriff of Bucks, was commanded to inquire respecting certain
encroachments in the King's woods here, and to hold his view of the escheats of oak trees,
bark, &c.8
In 1250, John de Trayley died seised of the manor of Brill, with lands in LudgershalLf*
In 12(i0, John It; Pover, the King's Bailiff', was commanded to sell the growing crops on the
King's lands here.'"
In 12(52, the forest of Bernwode was called the forest of BrelniU, in a suit respecting certain
arrears due for pannage, and whether they ought to be paid by William Montacute, guardian of
William, son and heir of William de Ickford, or by another person of the same name : and upon
reference to the Exchequer Rolls, the former was charged with that payment. "
In 1270, the manors of Brill and Pidington were demised by the King to Walter Giffiird, Bishop
of Bath and Wells, for seven years, at 30/. per ami. for the former. '^
In 127(5, Richard de Holbrook, Steward of the King's demesnes, accounted for Brill, as part of
the ancient possessions of the Crown. '^
In 1 282, the King demised this manor to Nigel Travers and Robert de Brehull, for ten years,
at IVM. per ami.
In 1313, it was granted by King Edward II. to Richard Arundell for life, for his better support
in the King's service : '" but at his death in the ensuing year, it reverted to the Crown : '^ and, in
' Rot. Claus. 8 Joh. ' Rot. Pip. int. MSS. Dodswortli, vol. xiv. p. 158. See also p. 57.
3 Rot. Claus. 2 Hen. III. Rennet's Antiq. vol. i. p. 24.?.
■* Rex concessit Basiliac Amic' Walteii Clifford ut h'eat unam carcctam itinerantem ad mortuu' boscu' in foresta de
Berihill al's Brehull, &c. Rot. Claus. 10 Hen. III.
5 Dodsworth's MSS. vol. liv. Rot. Pat. 8 Hen. Ill p. 1, m. 8 and 11. Rennet's Antiq. vol. i. 2S2.
° See p. 58. " Chart, de Boarstall, MS. sub Brehull, f. 1 12. Rennet's Antiq. vol. i. p. 322, 323.
" Rot. Orig. 29 Hen. III. ro. 7. Abbrev. vol.i. p. 8. ■■> Esc. 11 Hen. HI. no. 28. Cal. vol. i. p. 16.
»" Rot. Orig. 45 Hen. HI. ro. 4. Abbrev. vol. i. p. 17.
" Dodsworth's MSS. vol, xxix. p. 103. Rennet's Antiq. vol. i. p. 3fi6.
" Dat. apud Wynton, 25 Dec. 55 Hen. III. Rennet's Antiq. vol. i. p. 383.
" Rot. Pip. in Dodsworth's MSS. vol. xvi. p. 2k Rot. Hund. 39 Hen. III. and 3 and 4 Edw. I.
" Rot. Orig. 7 Edw. II. ro. 9. Abbrev. vol. i. p. 203. '^ Ibid. 8 Edw. II. ro. 13. Abbrev. vol. i. p. 214-.
BRILL. 99
1316, was committed to the custody of Jolm de Norton, during pleasure.' It was soon afterwards
granted (with Silveston, co. Northampton) to Sir Richard Lovell, Knt. and Muriel his wife, in ex-
change for lands in Devonshire. ^
Sir Richard Lovell was Governor of Corfe Castle and Purbeck, and allied to the f^imily of
Handlo.^ He was summoned to Parliament as a Baron; and held this manor until 1337 (11
Edw. III.) when it was granted to Sir John de Molyns, Knt. of Stokc-Poges,^ and the Sheriff of
Bucks was commanded to seize all the possessions of Sir Richard Lovell into the Kind's hands i^
and Sir Richard released all his rights in Brill to Sir John Molyns.''
Sir John Molyns soon afterwards procured a charter of privileges here, as in his other manors
with the return of writs and summonses of the Exchequer, infangtheof, outfangtheof, felons' tjoods,
wayfs, strays, gallows, judgement of malefactors, and exemption from toll, murage, pontasjc, and
pavagc, throughout the realm ; with liberty of free-warren ;''' and in 1338 a grant of Court Leet
at Brill, and the assize of bread and beer,^ with license to assart and cultivate certain lands in the
forest of Bernwode.9 This manor was in the same year settled by a fine upon Sir John de Molyns
and Egidia his wife for their lives, remainder to their sons John and William, and their respective
heirs male in succession.'" It was sequestered when Sir John de Molyns was, in 1340, imprisoned
in the Tower, and during his rebellion in 1344 ; but having obtained pardon and restitution of his
lands," an exemphfication of his charter of privileges was granted to him,'^ and, in 1347, a charter
for a fair at Brill annually, on the eve, day, and morrow of St. Thomas the Martyr (6, 7, and
8 July), '3 but having been accused of offences against the Forest Laws, a commission was issued
to assess the damage,''* his estates were again seized, and he was committed to prison, where he is
supposed to have ended his days.
In 1358, the King committed this manor to Gilbert ChasteUet/ne, during pleasure ;'5 and in
1359, John de Hampden was commanded to admit "William, son of Sir John de Molyns, to the
lands which the latter had forfeited."^ In 1380, William dc Molyns, in right of himself and Mar-
gery his wife, daughter and heir of Edmund Bacun, died seised of this manor,''' as did their son
Sir Richard Molyns, Knt. about four years afterwards i'^ leaving William Molyns, his son and heir,
a minor ; who was in the wardship of Thomas Duke of Gloucester, and at the death of the Duke,
Brill, with its members, Bichendon and Ludgersale, was in his possession :'9 but in 1409, Sir Wil-
liam de Molyns held this manor of the King, in capite, for one Knight's fee.-" He was succeeded
by his son William Molyns, who was slain in 1429 at the siege of Orleans ; and Anne his widow
■ Rot. Orig. 10 Edw. II. ro. 19. Abbrev. vol. i. p. 238. ■' Bridges's Hist, of Northamptonshire, vol. i. p. 244.
3 See p. 60. ' Rot. Pat. 1 1 Edw. III. p. 2, m. 18, Cal. p. 129.
5 Rot. Orig. 11 Edw. III. ro. 9. Abbrev. vol. ii. p. 11,5.
<= Rot. Claus. 11 Edw. III. Dodsworth's MSS. vol. xx. Bridges's Northamptonshire, vol. i. p. 244. See also
Stoke-Poges, and Pedigree of Molyns.
' Rot. Cart. 11 Edw. III. p. 170, n. 11 and 56. Esc. 11 Edw. III. no. 105, Cal. vol. ii. p. S3.
8 Rot. Cart. 12 Edw. III. no. 3, p. 174.
' Quod possit assartare 300 ac. de boscis suis Manerii sui de Brehull infra metas foresta; de Bernwode. Rot. Pat.
12 Edw. III. p. 1, m. 33. Cal. vol. ii. p. 132.
° Rot. Fin. 12 Edw. III. See also Datchet, Fulmer, Oakley, and Stoke-Poges.
" Rot. Pat. 19 Edw. III. p. 2, m. 13, p. 3, m. 2.
■' Ibid. 20 Edw. III. p. 1, m. 13, and 21 Edw.III. p. 2, m. 1. Cal. p. 155.
■' Rot. Cart. 21 Edw. III. no. 26, Cal. p. 180. 'i Pat. 22 Edw. III. p. 3, m. 34.
'5 Rot. Orig. 32 Edw. III. ro. 2. Abbrev. vol. ii. p. 247. '' Ibid. p. 255.
" Esc. 4 Ric. II. no. 38. Cal. vol. iii. p. 31 . '^ Ibid. p. 68. " Ibid. p. 224.
" Harleian MSS. no. 34, in Mus. Brit.
100 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
being married to Edmund Hampden of Beckley, co. Oxon,' in 1442, Brill was included with
Oakley and Adingrave, in a fine then passed; and described as the right of Edmund Hampden. ^
In a dispute respecting this manor, and the advowson of Oakley, reference was made to the ver-
dict of a jury, in the reign of Edward III. by which it had been determined, that Brill as an-
cient demesne of the Crown, and given Ijy King Edw. II. to Sir Richard Lovell and Muriel his
wife, and their heirs, was held by them until 1335, (9 Edw. III.) when it being found by an in-
quisition, that it had not been lawfully severed from the Crown, it was resumed by the King, and
granted to John de Molyns.^
In 1436 Thomas Chaucer died seised of this manor, held for one Knight's fee ; but as it con-
tinued long afterwards in the family of Molyns, it is presumed that Chaucer held only as a trustee,
or under a temporary grant, and Alianore, sole heiress of Sir William Molyns, carried it in mar-
riage to Robert Hungerford, Esq. son of Robert Lord Hungerford,'* who was, in her right, created
LordMolins; and upon his attainder, 1 Edw. IV. all his lands were confiscated: but the King
caused a provision to be made for his widow out of his estates ; and Brill subsequently passed by
Mary, daughter and heir of Sir Thomas Hungerford, and granddaughter of Robert Lord Hunger-
ford and the said Alianore, to Edward, son of William Lord Hastings, Chamberlain to King
Edward IV. ^
In 1492, a fine was passed by Sir Edward Hastings, Knt. and Mary his wife, with Sir Thomas
Oxenbridge, Knt. and Frideswide his wife, of the manor of Brill, and lands in Boarstall, Oakley,
Chilton, Dorton, Ludgcrshall, Wotton, &c.*' and in 1498 another between Edward Lord Hast-
ings and others, and Richard St. Maur and Margaret his wife, of lands in Brill and Oakley," by
which settlements were made of this estate, which at length becoming vested in Francis second
Earl of Huntingdon, K. B. and K. G.^ license of alienation was obtained, and, in 1549, a fine was
passed of the manor of Brill, twenty messuages, and certain lands in Boarstall, Oakley, &c. be-
tween Robert Browne and Francis Earl of Huntingdon and Katherine his wife, preparatory to a
conveyance :9 and in 1553 (1 Mar.) another fine between Thomas Dynham and Francis Earl of
Huntingdon, of the manor of Brill, &c. which were thereupon conveyed in fee to Thomas Dynham,
Esq. whose son. Sir John Dynham, Knt. succeeded him in the possession of it, and made several
purchases of other lands here,'° as of certain closes called Arnegrove, Milk-hills, Sale-closes, Bow-
string-lane, Corpin's-needle, Grasse-croft, Little London, lands in Rainscombe, 180 ac. 3r. 18p.
of assart and purpresture lands in Bernwode forest, formerly granted by patent, 10 Feb. 12 Ed. III.
to John dc Molyns, together with woods within the metes of the forest, to the extent of 300 acres.' ^
Tbc manor of Brill descended with Boarstall,'^ from the Dynhams to the families of Lewis and
Aubrey, and at the death of Sir John Aubrey, Bart, in 1826, became vested in Sir Thomas Digby
Aubrey, Bart, the present possessor. '^
Kennet has described many small portions of land here. Richard de Toluse held an estate in
Brill in 1239 (24 Hen. III.) which had been granted to him by Miles Balustarius (the Cross-
bowman), situated in Berecwnhe, between the demesnes of the King and Wodeacre, belonging to
Richard Burgoyne, near Thame-well. The seal to this grant had the impression of a crossbow,
' See Pedigree of Hampden, in Great Hampden. ^ Rot. Fin. 21 Hen. VI. ^ Kennet's Antiq. vol. ii. p. 333.
" See Stoke- PoGEs. "• Dugd. Bar. torn. ii. p. '211. <^ Rot. Fin. 8 Hen. VH.
' lb. 14 Hen. VH. « See Stoke-Poges. ^ Rot. Fin. 3 Edw. VI. Term. Mic. MSS. Le Neve, in Tur. Lond.
'• See p. 6.5, and Pedigree of Dynham, p. 66. " Rot. Pat. 8 Jac. I. Test. 2 Feb. '" See page 65.
'J See Pedigree of Aubrey, p. 75.
BRILL. 101
agreeably to the name of the feoffer, circumscribed " ►J^ Miles Balustar." ' John Tulus, one of
the same family, also purchased land in Frith-vente, of William Hamlewyne.^
In 1288 (17 Edvv. I.) John Fitz-NigeP died seised of lands in Brill and Oakley, which
descended, together with his estate in Boarstall, to John de Handlo; to whom, in 1315, the King
granted certain waste in Bernwood Forest, with twenty-eight acres and a half and one rood
in the King's woods of Brill, of which nineteen and a half were in Paunshale.'^
In the same reign, the amount of the taxation of the fifteenth charged upon Brill (which with
Wvcombe and Aylesbury was assessed for the ninths of merchants and traders)^ was only 10*.^
In the reign of Edward II. John de la Penne forfeited lands in Brill by treason, and suffered
death: and in 1319 the King granted to Nicholas de Brehull for hfe, at Vis. per unn. a mes-
suage, and a mediety of one virgate of land here which had been so forfeited." Part of the lands
of Penne was granted to Thomas de Pidington in fee,^ on whom, in 1342, the King also bestowed
a messuage and half a virgate and seven acres, late belonging to Ralph de Brehull, called
Bastarde; probably that part of Penne's estate before mentioned.^
In 1433 (11 Hen. VI.) Henry Morgan, of Boarstall, conveyed lands here to Thomas Wyfold
and John Popham,'° which seem to have been afterwards part of the estate acquired by the family
of James, which Maud, rehct of Robert James, Esq. held in dower, and of which, in 1437, she
died seised."
The family of Harte held an estate here in the reign of Elizabeth. Robert Ilarte in 1503
bequeathed his house in Brill to Isabel his wife for life, with remainder to Thomas Harte his
son, and the heirs of his body, making him and Richard Cope supervisors, and Isabel his wife
sole executrix and residuary legatee. He left small legacies of cattle to Edward Harte, Agnes,
Isabel, and Alice, to Richard Cope, Thomas and Hugh, Agnes, Jane, Joane, and Margaret, (either
his nephews and neices or his grand-children,) and to his " Curate" Sir John Vestyd, to pray for
him, 20f/.'2
Queen Elizabeth in 1577 demised for twenty-one years, at 60*\ per ami. to Edward Harte,
lands called Northcrofte, in the Forest of Bernewode, abutting on the East on Fayre-hedge Cop-
pice, in the occupation of John Cookson ; parcel of the old inheritance of the Crown, and
detained from her Majesty.^^ In 1581 the Queen, by other letters patent, reciting the former,
granted the same premises to Francis Alford, Gent, for thirty years, from Michaelmas 1598, at
the same rent.'"* Edward Harte was one of the parties against whom a bill was filed in Chancery
in 1632 (7 Car. I.) by which an adjustment of the claims of proprietors of lands in Bernwode
Forest was prayed, and in consequence of which it was decreed that, unless he consented to the
allotments awarded, before 1st Jan. 1634, he should be excluded the benefit of the said decree.
Some of this family were benefactors to the poor of Brill, and several of the neighbouring
parishes. Bridges, the Historian of Northamptonshire, was one of their descendants maternally,
as is mentioned in the monumental inscription in Barton Segrave Church in Northamptonshire. '^
' Kennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. i. p. 317. " lb. p. 519. ^ See p. 59. ' Kennet.
•^ See Inquis. Nonar. p. 339.
" Brehull valor quintedecime honor' mohiliu' m'cator' catal' et al' honu' villate de Brehull, qui de agror' cultur. et
stauro ovium suaru' non vivunt p' p'sent' Joh'is Tolus de Brehuile, Joh'is le North'ne, Will. Tolous, Joh'is Clere, Ric'i,
Eog' et Hugonis ate Hurne, xs. et no' plus. Inquis. Nonar. Buck. p. 340.
' " Quae ad man. Regis tanquam escaeta p'ter feloniam quam idem Joh'es fecit p' quam suspensus fuit." Rot. Orig.
2 Edw. II. ro. 9. Abbrev. vol. i. p. 245.
' Rot. Pat. 9 Edw. III. n. 1. m. 24. Cal. p. 121. ^ lb. 16 Edw. III. p. 1. n. 33. Calend. p. 143.
'° Boarstall Chartul. and Kennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 317. " Ibid. p. 324.
" Willis's MSS. vol. xxxii. f. 18. " Rot. Pat. 20 Eliz. Test. 28 Nov. '^ lb. 24 Eliz. Test. 9 April.
'5 " Ex antique de Hart stirpe, apud Brill in agro Buckingamiae olim comraorante." Gent. Mag. vol.lxxxvii. pt. i, p. 202.
102
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
This estate descended to Edward Hartc, esq. who in 1698 was High Constable of the Hundred
of Ashendon, and many efforts to obtain a correct pedigree of the Hartes having failed, the fol-
lowing notices arc subjoined from the Parochial Register : — Robert, son of Robert and INIargaret
Hartc, baptized 10th June, 16G8: Martha, their daughter, 15th May, 1(572. Robert, sou of
Edward Hartc, Esq. and Grace his wife, 20th May, 1698: Gratiana, their daughter, loth Mav,
1G99: Anne, another daughter, 17th July, 1700: Edward, their son, 6th Oct. 1701.
Edmund Dayrell, Gent, of Lam])ort, and Penelope, daughter of Edward Hartc, married 2d Feb.
1()5.'}, by contract signed Will. Hall, Registrar: John Hartc, of Bugden, and Philippa Golder, of
Brill, married 12th Feb. IGS.'J.
Martha, daughter of Edward Hartc, buried 4th Nov. 1654 : Felix, another daughter, 21st Dec.
1657: Hester, 17th Mav, 1661. Pierce, son of Robert Harte, Esq. and Margaret his wife, 5tli
Feb. 1694. Margaret, widow of Robert Harte, Esq. 6th Dec. 1705. Rev. Thomas Harte, D. D.
Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxon. buried 15th Oct. 1709.
In 1588 Queen Elizabeth granted to Sir Edward Stanley, Knt. hit. al.^ thirty acres in Bcrnc-
wode Common, in Brill parish, " lateh/ iucroached" by John Dbiliam, John Boyes, and Thomas
Gregory, to hold to Stanley his heirs and assigns, at 3s. per ami. rcnt.^
In or about the year 1715, the remaining estate of the Hartes in Brill was conveyed to John
Snell, Esq. of Salisbury Hall, in Hertfordshire, whose pedigree is annexed.
PEDIGREE OF SNELL.
From Cluttcrbuck's Herts, Brill Register, and other authorlti
Arms. Quarterly, Az. and Gules, a cross jmtonce Or.
Crest. On a wreath, a wolf , standing on a lamb cou
George Snel
■ of Sir Je
V, Kn
It, under a cross jiatonce fitclie.
dBart. ob. 2Mar. 1704.
John Snell, Esq. of Salisbury Hall,=pELizABETri, dau. of Thomas Vyner, D. D.
Robert Snell, William,
sLl
•0. Herts, purchased an estate at Brill Dean of Gloucester, niece of Sir Thomas
of Lombard- ob. 1705.
Hay«.a
715; ob. 20 Dec. 1724, bur. at Vyner, Kut. and Bart. Lord Mayor of Lon-
street, ob. ca;lebs George.
Elizab
Shenley, co. Herts. don, bur. 9 Apr. 1 792 at Shenley.
1 bUU.
Booke
1 1
Robert Sneli,,=Ma
bencher of
:ie Inner Temple :
f Chingford, co.
July
of Sir Walter 2. Vyner =pMA
174 1
She
B3, bu
?v. He
Clarges, Bart, by Eli
and coh. of Sir Thomas
Gould, Knt. Alderman of
London, relict of Sir
Dawes Wymondsell, Knt.
ofPutney,ob.l2Nov.l7Sl,
at Chingford, co. Essex.
ofTiin. C
Carab.171
Rector of
March an
of Col. Peter Hall,
ofSwillington, CO.
York, mar. 6 May
172ti'; ob. 25
Nov. 1794, Kt.
84, bur. at Hart-
ford,
Hu
Till
SNELL,Kt,(1744},
of Whitley
Court, CO. Gloc.
Sheriff of Glo'sh.
ob. 13 Mar. 1754,
bur. at Shenley,
Herts, ;et^ «5.
T-biARA
RlJ.S-
Elizabeth,
SELL.
Honour,
Rebecca, J
1. Robert Snell,^Eliza
Esq. of Mortimer BoD-
Street, Cavendish DlNG-
Square, ob. s. p. ton,
2. John
Esq. b.
1730 : (
Dec. 16
lebs, bi
Snell
2Aug
Elizabeth, 4.Peteu — Ag-
4th dau. of Snell, nes
Rob. Wil- h. 10
son, Esq. of Aug.1733,
Lombard ob. 9 May
"1 — I
1ET, 1
Str. mar.
July 177
1814, I
Ch.
nupt. 1782, fet. 52.
2. Mary, mar. toVVlll.
Snell, Esq of Austin
Friars, 11 Oct. 17G6',
ob. 5 Oct. 1814, at
Edmonton.
1 St, to Zachary Su-
gar, A. M. Preb. of
York ; 2d, to Will.
Barnard, Esq.
4. Rebecca, mar. to
John Paris, merch.
Eliza-
beth,ob.
1. war>~
Snell, b. 10
2. Thomas Snell, B. C. L. Eel.
of St. John's Coll. Uxon, Rector
Sep. 1777, of Windlesham, CO. Surrey (with
d Feb. BagshotjChap.toH.R.H.'Prince
17^1';. Will. Fred. Duke of Gloucester.
^Barbara, dau.
of Ireland, mar.
Francis Jackson Snell,
Capt. R. N. 180B.
Robert Snell, b. 5 May
178«,bap.l0 Jun. ob. 31
Mar. sep.i; Apr. 1792.
rgaret, ob. 4 3. Jemi.ma, mar. 21 Apr. 17
1780, Ect. 9. to James Gambler, Esq. Co
RY, ob. Jan. General at Lisbon, knigl
Slc Boak.stall, p. 65.
Rot. Pat. ?.\ Eliz. Test. 15 Nov.
BRILL. 103
William Snell, Esq. third son of the purchaser, died unmarried,' and Thomas Snell, Esq. his
youngest brother, succeeded to the estate, and in 1756 purchased lands here of John Belson, Esq.
who derived from his ancestors lands in Bernwode Forest, granted by King James I. in 1611 to
Thomas Ely and George Merriell, Gent, of London, under the description of " Eight-oaks' mead,
Waterslade, Brockholt's Horse-close, Green-oaks, Wilcocks, and Broad-mead, comprising about
52 a. 2 r. 16 p. in the occupation of Augustine Belson, Gent, valued at 11. 10*. 6^.; and, by an
Inquisition at Colnbrook (14 Aug. 8 Jac. I.) before Otho Nicholson and Richard Cartwright,
Esq. found to be parcel of the lands demised to the said Otho Nicholson, and by him surrendered.-
The family of Belson was of Oxfordshire, as appears by the annexed pedigree.
PEDIGREE OF BELSON.
From an Heraldic V^isitat'ion.
Arms. Az. a chevron engrailed Arg. charged with 3 harts between 3 greyhounds.
William Belson, of Aston Rowant, co. Oxon.=^
John Belson, of Kingston, c
O.Ox(
)n.=pALicE, dau. of John Piches, co. Oxon.
4-
Thoma
s Belson,
ofAstor
1 Rowant.=f:
--f-
TlIOMAS BELSON.=f....,dau.of ..
1
..Copcut
, of
., CO. Ox
on.
William Bel-=^Anne, dau. of Walter 3. John. 4. Edward. 5. Richard. Sibill, mar. to Will.
SON, of Brill. I Curzon, of Waterpury. East, of -Raf/nage.
Anne, dau. of Roe.=ED\VARD Be
I — 1 I 1 ~ 1 [ 1
Francis. Robert Belson,=Anne, dau. ofRo- William, — Isabel, dau. of Thomas Belson, Anne, mar. to Joane, mar. to Thomas Boul-
Anne. son and heir. bert Tempest. 2d son. .... .Abraham. 3d son. .Butler. stred qu. .-^ Bulstrode.
The estate of Sir Thomas Snell, Knt. at his death in 1754, descended to his nephew John
Snell, who dying unmarried in 1805, his next brother, William Snell, succeeded him ; and at his
decease in 1817 his lands were devised to his second but eldest surviving son, the Rev. Thomas
Snell, B.C.L. Rector of Windlesham, co. Surrey, by whom some portions of this estate have been
alienated, and the remainder, together with the ancient mansion-house of the family of Harte,
apparently erected in the reign of King James, and other lands at Muswell and Piddington,
advertized for public sale in 1830.
Certain forest lands in Brill, belonging to Sir Robert Dormer, Knt.^ descended with his estate
at Dorton to Sir Clement Cottrell Dormer, Knt. and, by deed dated 3 Jan. 1761, were settled
upon Sir Clement and his Lady, and their issue male: and, 4 Nov. 1780, were conveyed to
Robert Chester, Esq. and thereupon a common recovery was suffered ; and the estate conveyed
1 May, 1783, to John Aubrey, Esq. (afterwards Baronet) who built a commodious House,
called Brill-Farm, on part of the lands contiguous to the village of Brill, commanding most
delightful and extensive views over many of the neighbouring counties ; and by deed of gift
bestowed the same, with part of the estate so purchased, on Mr. Eagleton, his steward, and Eliza-
beth his wife, for the term of their respective lives: and by his will* in 1825 bequeathed the
reversion, with the residue of the lands formerly Sir Clement Cottrell Dormer's, in Brill, &c. to
' Clutteibuck's Herts, vol. i. p. 483. ^ Rot. Pat. 9 Jac, I. Test. 13 Jan. ^ See Chearsley and Dorton.
■• See p. 75.
104 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
his niece Elizabeth Sophia, -wife of Charles Spencer Ricketts, Esq. and her heirs in tail male, in
the same manner as Boarstall, Dorton, &c.'
THE VILLAGE.
Brill, no longer claiming its ancient superiority over other populous villages, which in the time
of Kcnnct it seems to have held, has immemorially lost the observance of its annual fair granted
by King Edward III. and retains only an annual wake, or feast, on Wednesday next after
Michaelmas, O. S.
The coins said to have been found here seem only to have been described by Hearne, who
speaks of a large brass of Commodus, (with a female figure bearing in her left hand a shield,)
formerly in the possession of Browne WiUis.^ No vestiges of the roval residence are now to be
traced, unless in some embankments north and west of the church, still called tJte Kings Jield,
though scarcely remembered under that name. These were probably altered from their previous
form in the time of Charles I. as they have been since by the progress of husbandry, or the
erection of buildings, &c.
In November 1642 the King placed troops at Brill, under the command of Sir Gilbert Gerard,
Knt. as Governor, who repulsed an attack made by the Parliamentary forces under the celebrated
John Hampden. 3
This garrison contributing to the annoyance of the Rebel forces at Aylesbury, an Ordinance
was made by the Parliament, 2d Jan. 1642, requiring the assistance of their adherents to reduce
Brill.4
In the next month, at a consultation between a Committee of Parliament and the Lord Gene-
ral Essex, it was agreed that none of the King's forces in Bucks should advance nearer to Ayles-
bury than Brill, nor of the Parliamentary forces nearer to Oxford than Aylesbury.^
The following letter, written five days before the battle of Edge Hill, evinces the activity of the
Parliamentarians :
" To the right worshipfull Richard Grenville, Esq.
" Mr. High Sheriff,
" My service premised : although I presume you have better intelligence than I can give you, yet I shall cast in my
' See p. 73, also Chiltok, Dorton, and Oakley. ^ Hearne's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon.
' Clarendon's Hist. vol. ii. p. 166. Heaths' Chronicle, and Lysons' Magn. Brit. vol. i. p. 523.
* Whereas great forces of Papists and other ill affected persons are now in actual war against the King, the Parlia-
ment, and the whole Kingdom, and part of those forces being now drawn to Brill and other places adjoining, having,
according to their usage, plundered, robbed, pillaged, and murdered, divers good Protestants thereabouts, and threaten
to march into the County of Hertford and other Counties that way, there to commit the like outrages and barbarous
cruelties as they liave done in places where they have formerly been; the Lords and Commons in Parliament being most
desirous to prevent these miseries, and to suppress the authors of them, for the better effecting thereof, do hereby desire
all well affected persons of the County of Hertford, and other Counties and places adjoining, forthwith to raise all such
forces of horse and foot as they can, and to march with them to Alesbury, in the County of Bucks, or to such other
places as they shall be directed by order from both Houses of Parliament, or from the Earl of Essex, Lord General, and
to join with and assist the forces raised by authority of Parliament for the defence of themselves, their fliniilies, and
estates, and the true Protestant Religion, and for the suppressing and punishing those forces at Brill, and all other their
adherents, notorious enemies to the King and Kingdom ; and such well affected persons in the County of Hertford, or
of any other Counties or places whatever that shall join with and assist the forces raised by authority of Parhament,
for the purpose above-mentioned, shall therein do a very acceptable service to the Commonwealth, and shall be assisted
and protected by the power and authority of Parhament. Lords' Journals, vol. v. p. 523.
» Lords' Journals, vol. v. p. 619.
BRILL. 105
mite, accordinge to return of scouts and an honest gentleman to me. The King lay on Saturday night at Edgcott, at
Sir William Thursbeye's house (in Northamptonshire.) On Sunday he removed, and lay Sunday night at Hanwell, at
the Lady Cope's. On Sunday 1000 of his troops came to Banbury Gates and demanded entrance, which the town
refused, having within the town 2000 men or more. Whether the King will settle upon Edge Hill or not, I cannot
imagine ; for he hath a great advantage there against our forces if they should advance towards him. The Lord General
with his army lyth at Kinton, in the Vale, about four miles from the Lady Cope's house. He marched out yesterday.
If he advance towards him he must come about the hill, near unto the Lord Spencer's house, Worelaiton, and then the
King may remove, as I conceave, towards Wodstocke and for Oxford, or fall back to Wnrster, one of which in probability
he will doe ; and therefore if it be for Oxford, then likely he intends for Winsor. Then if our Shire removed to Wick-
ham, to be somewhere on the hills, they might much annoy him in his passage amongst the woods and lanes ; but I
leave it to your better judgment.
" This day there came a loose fellow to Borstal; he says, he lay last night at Merton, and is going to the King, for
whom he will fight. Now Merton is in the way from Borstall to Woodstock, and three miles nearer ; so that I take him
for a spie, and have sent him to you to be secured, or otherwise as you please. Humbly taking leave, I rest your servant
to be commanded, John Pym.
" My Lady Dynham desires her service may be presented unto you. I have sent out scouts, and which way the
King move, I shall eiiforme you. Since the sealing of my letter I intercepted Jo. Bew, of Oxford, travayling with a
letter from Oxford to a servant of the King's. We brake open the letter ; notwithstanding I thought fit to send him
and it unto you." '
The Earl of Essex, in a letter to the Speaker of the House, 24th April, 1643, during the siege
of Reading, briefly mentions this place : — that the King was concentrating his forces ; Prince
Maurice arrived, and Prince Rupert " hourly expected at Brill :" ^ and when Reading was reduced,
the garrison at Brill was withdrawn.
HERMITAGE OF ST. VVERBURGH, AND LANDS OF CHETWODE PRIORY.
During a dispute between King Henry the Third and the Convent of St. Frideswide, in Oxford,
relative to the Advowsons of Brill and Oakley, the King granted in 1252 to the Prior and Con-
vent of Chetwode an ancient Hermitage in the forest of Bernwode, called St. Werburgh's Cell,
formerly held by Richard de Brehull, upon condition of finding two Chaplains, one to perform
divine offices in the Hermitage, and the other in the King's Chapel in Brill;-' the Convent of
Chetwode receiving their grant on the same terms.
In another charter, granted in consequence of the damage done by deer and other beasts to the
lands of the Convent, the right to inclose their arable land was conceded, together with five cart-
loads of brushwood for fences, and an oak-tree for fuel.''
In 1258 the Prior paid fifty marks for a renewal of the grant of the Chapel, the assart
belonging to it, and the right of appointing a Chaplain.^ This land consisted of twenty-one acres
in the forest, and was probably a compensation for the payment of fifty shillings salary, men-
ioned in the former charter, to the officiating priest."
• Seward's Literary Anecdotes, vol. iii. Appendi.x, No. 4. - Parliamentary History, vol. xii. p. 242.
3 Henricus Dei gratia Rex Angliee, &c. Omnibus ad quos presentes literae pervenerint, S. Sciatis quod concessimus
Priori et Canonicis de Chetwode, pro nobis et heredibus nostris, hermitorium S.Werburgas de Brehull, cum pert, tenend.
et habend. eisdem Priori et Canonicis, et eorum successoribus in perpetuum, sicut Ricardus de Brehull capellanus illud
tenuit. Ita quidem qu5d inveniat singulis diebus duos capellanos divina celebrantes, unum scilicet in eodem heremi-
tario et aliura in ea capella nostra de Brehull, sicut fieri consuevit. In cujus rei testimonium has literas nostras fieri
fecimus patentes. Teste meipso apud Brueram, iiii die Nov. anno Reg. nost. xxxvi. — Chartul. de Boarstall, f 129 ; also,
Monast. Anglic, vol. vi. p. 499.
•• Rot. Pat. 40 Hen. III. m. 15. Kennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. i. p. 349.
5 Rot. Cart. 43 Hen. III. m. 3. Cal. p. 88. Test. 4 Aug.
•^ Kennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. i. p. 360. Boarstall Chart, f. 130.
VOL. I. P
106 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
The Prior and Convent afterwards procured a confirmation of their grant, and were allowed to
fence with a wall one caracute of land within the manor of Brill, and twenty acres with a hedge
and ditch : their allowance of wood for fences and fuel heing continued. In 1452, the Convent
having neglected to provide Chaplains at the Hermitage and Brill chapel, a quo ivarranto issued
against them.'
At the suppression of the Monastery in 14()!), this estate was granted to the Ahhat and Convent
of Notley,2 and at the general dissolution of religious houses in the reign of Henry VIH. was esti-
mated at 12/. Ss.per aiui. and oblations in Brill chapel, 2s. i^ subject to a rent of 2W. per ami. pay-
able to the (Earl of Huntingdon) chief lord of the fee.
Sf. Werhura:}i s Cell is said to have been on the north side of Muswell hill, west of Brill, at
the division of the counties of Oxford and Bucks ; and a house still marks the site of the Her-
juita2:e : Muswell farm, to which it belongs, also comprising the site of a telegraph (erected by the
Board of Ordnance when making a late survey) on an elevation of 744 feet al)ove the level of
the sea.
Near this station are some ramparts of earth, part of an oblong scpiare entrenchment, about one
hundred yards from north to south, and eighty from east to west, conjectured to have been a sum-
mer camp of the Romans, but of which no account seems to have been preserved. The banks arc
ten yards in width and three in height on the east side (being part of the boundary line of the
county), and enclosing an area now called tJie howUng-green, in which are many fine large
svcamore trees of ijreat age : but all traces of the outworks have been obliterated by the
plough.
Well Fields, and Clere Fields. In 1594, Queen Elizabeth, in pursuance of a warrant for con-
cealed lands, and at the request of Edward Dyer, Esq. granted to Will. Tipper and Robert Dawe,
Gent, inter alia, " the manors of Brill, alias Brehull, and Borestall," with " the well meadows and
well pastures.""*
In 1598, Clerefields were assessed to the provision for the support of the Queen's household, at
'M. (w. 6d. ; and in 1607, King James I. granted to Sir John Dormer, Knt. on payment of a fine
of 40/. Clerefields, containing 138 acres, parcel of the forest of Bernwodc, at 1/. \4s. Id. per ann.^
In 1610, the King, in consideration of services, and for 20/. granted to Sir John Dormer, Knt.
and his heirs, Well-fields, or Brill closes, containing 146 acres, 11 perches (with two acres in Dor-
ton) late parcel of the lands of the Monastery of Studley, co. Oxon, at 6r/. per ann. to be paid into
the Exchequer, or to the Sheritl" of Bucks, at Michaelmas only.^
Sir Robert Dormer, Knt. succeeded to the estate of his father Sir John, and at the disaftbrest-
ing of Bernwodc, in lieu of his forest and common rights, received an allotment of lands, which
afterwards descended with Choarsley'' to "John Dormer, Esq. of Rowsham, co. Oxon," who by
indentures, dated 27 and 28 Mar. (4 Anne) in consideration of 3406/. conveyed to Richard Gren-
ville, Esq. of Wotton, and Eleanor his wife, and their heirs, Cleerjields and CleerfieUVs meadows
(subject to a tithe payment of 5s. per ann. to the Vicar of Oakley, and a quit-rent of 1/. 14*. 7^d.
to Charles Lord Ossulston) which from the said Richard Grcnville, Esq. in the same manner as
' De Priore et Conventu de Chetwode Pracmonitio, ad ostendendum quare diversas terrte in Brehill, caus^ cessationis in-
vcntionis capellani, missam et alia divina celebrand", in manibus Kegisseisiri non debent. Mic. Rec.31 Hen. VI. rot. l-i.
iMonast Anglic, vol. vi. p. 499.
'' Rot. Pat. 1 Edw. IV. p. 5, m. 33. Sec also Notley in Crendon. ' Rot. Pat. ut antea.
< Rot. Pat. 3t Eliz. Test. 30 Mar. ■'• Rot. Pat. 5 Jac. I. Test. 17 Sept.
■■■ Ibid. 8 Jac. I. Test 21 Jun. " See Ciiearsley.
BRILL. 107
Wotton, 1 devolved to Richard Grenville, Esq. who, in or about 1742, exchanged, for the impro-
priate Rectory, tithes, &c. of Wotton, with John Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, this estate, and
Muswell farm, in Brill and Boarstall, which were thereupon annexed to the Church of Canterbury,
and continue to belong to the Metropolitan See.
Corpus Christi College in Oxford, possesses lands in Brill, called College Hazle and College
Close (about 15 acres) : in what manner and at what time acquired are unknown.
In 1678 lands in Brill, Muswell, and Piddington, were conveyed, in consideration of 1672/. by
indenture between John Foche and John Cropper, of London, Gent, and Robert Grosvenor, draper
of London, and Thomas Raper, grocer ;2 afterwards to Samuel Lee, of Newington Green, co. Mid-
dlesex, Gent. Bcnj. Hewling, of London, merchant, and Nathaniel HaUon, of Hornsey, for 2108/.
lOs. and with other lands of the said John Foche, &c. to Thomas Fellows, of St. Botolph, Alders-
gate, Ge»/.^ This is said to be part of the estate which was derived through divers conveyances to
Luke Hodges, Gent, and now in the possession of William Tenant, Esq.
N'ew College Lands. The Warden and Scholars of New College, Oxford, acquired, in ex-
change for Longuevile tithes in Wotton, a rent charge, secured upon Little-London farm, on tin-
south side of Brill-hill, the property of the Grenvilles."*
Brill Pottery. The natural productions of the soil of the hill have immemorially employed
many of the inhabitants of Brill, and from the number of fragments of ancient pottery bearing a
close resemblance to that of the Romanized Britons, found in the neighbourhood,^ it may fairly
be conjectured, that, even at that early period, a manufactory of this description was established
here.
At the disafforesting of Bernwode it was especially provided, by an order of the Court of Chan-
cery, that " many artificers of Brill having received emplovment by making brick, ti/le, li/me, and
potts, out of the soijle of Brill hills," which could not be cultivated without the great impoverish-
ment of such artificers, an allotment of 18 acres of the King's lands, and 30 acres of Sir John Dyn-
ham's, should thenceforth be commonable for the artificers, cottagers, and poorer inhabitants : thi-
lord of the manor letting the pits for digging the materials, but being restrained from advancing
the rents. ^
The pottery is still carried on, but the trade is not in a flourishing state, the condition of tin-
roads, increased price of fuel, and expenses of carriage, having co-operated to its disadvantage.
In 1598 Hare-hill and Sweet-hill, in this parish, were assessed at 23*'. to the provision for
Queen Elizabeth's Household.
In 1712 the land-tax of Brill was 263/. 12a\ 4d.; in 1815 returned at 265/. \os. W^d. In
1776, expenses of the poor 218/. 12*-. Ad. ; in 1783,423/. 16*. 2rf. ; in 1824, 775/. 10*.
Property-tax in 1815 on 800/. per ann. at 2*. Id. in the pound.
Population in 1811 with Boarstall 1050: by another return 864: houses 143, families 234,
males 524, females 536, total 1060.7
BRILL HOUSE,
a handsome mansion, was built in 1770 by Thomas Saunders, Esq. Governor of Fort St. George,
in the East Indies, whose ancestors possessed an estate in Bernwode Forest which had previously
' See Wotton, and Pedigrees of Grenville. ^ Kot. Claus. 30 Car. II.
3 Ibid 4 Jan. 30 Car. II. * Stat. 15 Geo. III. c. 39, for inclosing lands in Wotton.
^ See Crendon. ' From a MS. copy of the Decree.
' Population and Parochial Returns, Abstract printed 1822.
108 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
belonged to the family of Pye.' Governor Saunders dying in 1775, his only son, Thomas Saun-
ders, Esq. (Sheriff of Bucks in 1785) resided here, and improved the house and grounds, but the
alteration of a road into the village having given offence to the inhabitants, a riotous asscndjlage
broke down the gates and destroyed the shrubberies, for which outrage many persons, with the
assistant curate of the parish among them, were indicted and convicted at the County Assizes
at Buckingham, and punished by fine, and some of them by imprisonment; and the road was
again restored : but after some few vears the estate of the Saunderses in Brill being sold in
severalties, the house, with part of their lands, came into the possession of Richard Grenville
Chandos Temple, Earl Temple, (since) Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, K. G. who is the
present proprietor; and the mansion was in 1828 entirely taken down : a plantation of trees and
a prospect arch in the gardens near the l)row of the hill, now only remaining to mark the site of
the residence of the family of Saunders at Brill.
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY.
In the time of the Saxons a Chapel at Brill belonged to the royal residence ; l)ut before the
reign of King Stephen, it was subject to the Mother Church of Oakley, in spirituals.
In 1 142, during the seige of Oxford, King Stephen gave this Chapel with its appurtenances
to the Prior and Canons of St. Frideswide, in that City, in free alms ; for the health of his soul,
as the Charter expresses it, the soul of Queen Maud his wife, Eustace his son, the rest of his
royal progeny, his uncle King Henry, and all his ancestors.'^
Brill Chapel was also included in the grant of the Empress Maud to St. Frideswide's of the
Church of Oakley, so that, as Kennet remarks, the same Ecclesiastics being equally favoured by
both the contending parties, had the same bribe to become unfaithful to either, without prejudice
to themselves. The Monastery was soon afterwards involved in a dispute respecting their acquisi-
tion, and King Henry III. recovered judgement against the Prior and Canons, who appealed to the
Pope ; and delegates being appointed to examine the cause, the King was highly offended at such
an infringement upon his royal authority, and prohibited their sitting; and in 1221 presented to
the Church of Oakley, with its dependent Chapels of Brill and Boarstall.^
The contest between the Crown and St. Frideswide's Monastery was ultimately decided in
favour of the latter, and thereupon a papal license was obtained, and instead of annexing the whole
income of the benefice to the cure, as had been done by the King whilst the patronage was vested
in the Crown, the Canons appropriated the endowment to their own use, and the Vicar of the
Mother Church of Oakley having vacated that living, the Convent resumed the temporalities
and appointed Curates or Chaplains at Brill as in times past.
' See PiTciicoTT, and Pkdighee of Sauxdeus.
■= " S. Rex Angl. A. Ep'o Lincoln, et .lustic. ct Vicecom. et Baron, ct omnib's fidelib's suis Francis et Anglis, Buck.
Sal. Sciatis (['d ego concessi et dedi Eeclie S'c'ie Frideswide, et canonicis ibidem do' servientib's, in p'petua eleniosina
capella' de Breohilla, cu' om'ib's ad ea' p'tinentib's in eccl'iis, et capellis, et t'ris, et decimis, et cu'om'ib's consuetudinib's
suis, in bosco ct piano, in p'tis et pasturis, que de d'n'ico nieo est, p' sal' a'i'e race et Maytild' regine, u.\oris mee, et Hiior'
meor', et p" a'i'a Ilcnr' Regis, avunc'li nici, et onini'u' antecessor' ineor'. Q're volo et firmit' p'cipio, q'd ea' teneant bene et
in pace et libere et quietis sic unq' meli' et liberi' antccessores niei tenuer't in te'p'r' H. reg. avunculi mei. T. Will' de Ip'
et Rob' de Ver., et Ric. de Luci, et Bern' de Lis', et Ric' de F. Morot', et Rob. Arsic ap. Oxon. Ex Autograjih. in
Mus. Aslimolc, Oxon. Sec also Rennet's Parocli. .\ntiq. in uliicli this charter is given with sonic variation.
■ Dodsworth's MSS. vol. cvii, n. .').3. See also Oakle'i.
BRILL. 109
When the Vicarage of Oakley was ordained, it was settled that the incumhent should receive
the fourth part of all burial fees for persons belonging to that parish interred in either of its de-
pendent chapelrics ; and tithes of flax, hemp, bees, fruit, and products of gardens ; also herriots,
tithes commuted by custom for money, and tithes for the exercise of trades, in the places subject
to such payments ; and at Brill the tithes of geese and eggs.
In the reign of Edward III. Sir John de Molyns, Lord of the Manor, released to the Prior and
Convent of St. Fridcswide, all his right to the Chapels of Brill and Boarstall : • and at the Eccle-
siastical Valuation of Henry VIII. the property of the Convent here consisted of rents 18^-. 7d.^
the rectory 71. 6.y. 8d., small tithes 3/., common fines 2*., total 11/. 5s. 3d.
After the dissolution, the King granted the Church of Brill with Boarstall towards the founda-
tion of his College in Oxford, and the impropriation passed" by the will of John Lord Williams of
Thame, subject to an annual payment of 36/. to Thame School, out of the Manor and Parsonage
of Brill, Oakley, and Boarstall.
In 1610 King James I. granted to Sir John Dynham, Knt. the advowson of Brill, and the
rectory, late belonging to the College of King Henry VIII. in Oxford ; and demised 2 Nov. 1545
(37 Hen. VIII.) to John Pollard, Esq. and George Roch at 17*. per ami.
In 1632 (7 Car. I.) the stipend of the curate not being sufficient to maintain "a preaching
minister," the King's receiver for the County was ordered by the Court of Chancery to pay 6/-
jyer ann. out of the Crown rents, reserved at the disaftbresting of Bernwode, for a weekly preacher.
There were also assigned to the then Impropriator 20 acres of land in lieu of tithes for com-
moners and tenants wathin the forest : and the Minister's stipend was declared to have been " be-
stowed hi/ the Roi/al bounty, not of right.'" In 1656 the payment of tithes at Brill was disputed.^
In 1680 there was neither house nor glebe belonging to the Minister.''
In 1708 Brangwin, lessee of Sir John Aubrey, Bart. Impropriator, proceeding by bill to recover
great and small tithes of certain lands here, set forth, that Brill and Oakley were distinct parishes,
and it was ordered, that Davis, the defendant, should account for the tithes of Whitcombe hill, the
commons, side-long closes, and corner close.
In 1784 the Impropriator proceeded against Smith on a similar claim within the Rectory of
Brill (there being no Vicarage), and particularly Lcatherslade's, and Grove's farm, the former of
59 acres of pasture, part of Bernwode forest, and the Groves about 20 acres of meadow : and the
right of the Impropriator to those tithes, was established.^
Sir Thomas Digby Aubrey, Bart, is the Impropriator and Patron.
THE PERPETUAL CURACY,
is discharged from payment of first fruits, and by Ecton, called a donative, of the clear yearly
value of 8/. in the Deanery of Waddesdon, and subject to episcopal and archidiaconal Visitation.
In 1740 it was augmented from Queen Anne's Bounty, with 200/. by lot : in 1743, with 200/. to
meet a rent charge of 15/. per ann. settled 17 Mar. 1741 by Sir John Aubrey, Bart. Patron and
Impropriator: in 1752, with 200/. to meet a benefaction to Boarstall, 15 Oct. 1750, by Thomas
Pardoe,D.D.6
' See Oakley. = See p, 91. ^ ibid.
< Willis's MSS. vol. xii. F. in Bibl. Bod!. Oxon. * Decrees in Tithe Causes, by Wood, vol. iv. p. 265, 266.
•^ He was Principal of Jesus College, Oxon, having been educated in that Society; A. M. 2 June 1711; B. D.
16 March 1718 ; D. D. 8 July 1727, and died 22 April 1763.
110
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
In 1810, the income of the united Curacy of Brill and Boarstall was 83/. 1 Lv. In 1812, it was
augmented with a ParHanicntary grant of 400/. and in 1819, with 200/. hy lot; with which sums
were purchased lands in Charlton-upon-Otmoor, co. Oxon, and in 1821, about 9 acres 2 roods, at
Muswell-hill, in the same county, late part of the estate of Wilham SncU, Esq. of the annual value
of 20/. ; and in 1818, the Curacy was returned to be worth \0\l.per unn.
'ERPETUAL CURATES OF iJRILL,
IVij.i.iAM i)E Wrotii.im, Clk. presented to the
Cliurch of Brill, a Donative of the King, by letters
patent, dated 7 April 1297 (26 Edw. I.) He was
also Rector of Oakley.'
JVlllkan JVorset, Canon of St. Frideswide, Oxon,
called Curate of Brill in lol.") : but in an old will
dated in 1503
Sir John Vcstyd, is styled Cm-atc, who was probably
the same with
John JVchted, 1530 and 1536.^
In 1561 it was returned that there was no Curate.
Hugh Johnson, called Vicar, in 1572.
Cadwallader Hughes, 1588 ; was afterwards ^'icar
of Bridge water, co. Somerset.
Hitnmie Gregory, presented 18 March 1596 to the
A'icarage of Oakley a/Zas Brill.'
James Brittle, Minister in 1603.
John Pirn, Curate, 19 Dec. 1603.^
Laurence Brome, 1605.
fVilliam Cooke, Curate, 1611.
John Lewis, 1619.
Thomas Lusher, or Lushton, 1619 and 1623, also
Curate of Boarstall.
Benedict Grace, presented by the King, 7 Feb. 1633,
to the ^^icarage or Curacy of Brill, and in 1634 signs
himself Vicar.*
JVillicmi Franklin, 1638.
Jlil/iam Halt, 1644. He certified die Curacy in
1650 to be 201. per ann. died in 1659, and was buried
bore 5 Sept.
John Moseley, licensed 29 July 1662: occurs also
in 1665.
Nicholas Herward, 1665; licensed in 1673 : was also
Rector of Ludiiershall," and died circ. 1683.
PERPETUAL CURATES OF BRILL AND BOARSTALL.
John Taylor, A. B. licensed to Brill and Boarstall,
29 Sept. 1674. " He hanged himself in the Gatehouse
at Borstall."'
Abraham Browne, A. B. admitted 11 April 1678:
buried here 14 June 1687.
Gervase, or Jervase Widdoivs, A.M. admitted 14 June
1687; died here, and was buried 11 April 1720.
Morgan Lryson, A. M. admitted 4 May 1720. He
was of Jesus College, Oxford, A. M. 3 July 1682: and
Rector of Longworth, in Berkshire.
liobert Twycross, A. B. 1736. He was of Jesus
College, Oxford, A.M. 9 July 1737: also Vicar of
Oakley; and of Waterperry, co. Oxford, and in 1751,
Rector of St. Clement's, Oxford, and died in 1790."
Joseph Laurentius Littlchales, nominated by Sir John
Aubrey, Bart. He was also Rector of Grendon l^n-
derwood:'^ died 16 Feb. 1804, at Brill, and was buried
at Grendon.
James Tomlin, A. M. nominated by Sir John Au-
brey, Bart. He was educated at Aylesbury School :
was of St. Edjiiund Hall, Oxford, whence he removed
to Queen's College, on the Michel foimdation ; A. M.
10 Oct. 1800, and resigning this Curacy, was suc-
ceeded by
John Nelson, A. M. nominated by Sir John Aubrey,
Bart, in 1808, signed himself Curate, 8 Feb. 1807:
Minister, 24 Feb. 1809, and resigned in 1813. He was
of Queen's College, Oxford, A. M. 14 Jan. 1802, and
Rector of Peterstone, co. Glamorgan.
John Samuel Baron, A. B. licensed 8 Oct. 1814, on
the nomination of Sir John Aubrey, Bart. He was of
Queen's College, Oxon, A. M. 1816.
' See Oakley. '' Willis's MSS. ' See Oakley.
* Parish llegist. " See Ludceushall. ■ Willis's INISS.
" During part of his Incumbency the Church was supplied by the following Assistant Curates:
Ciiarles Jesse. 1774.
William iMorgan, 1777 and 1786.
James Slopes, A. M.
'' Sec GllENDON.
See Boarstall.
BRILL. Ill
THE CHURCH
is dedicated to All Saints (the feast of dedication being kept in November) : stands near the east
side of the village, and consists of a nave 75 feet long and 25 feet wide, a tower at the west end
15 feet square, and at the east end a chancel 25 feet long and 18 feet wide. The tower, which has
buttresses at the angles, is surmounted with a dwarf spire covered with lead, supportins; a vane; and
contains six bells (and a saint's bell) recast in 1825 out of five, one of which had the date 1680,
and the tenor, weighing 9 cwt., the words," Richard Chandler made me, 1709."' Above the door
of the porch, on the south side, is the date 1654, when the building was repaired after the civil
w^ar. The doors into the nave are under semicircular arches : that on the south side having short
Norman columns with sculptured capitals. On the north side the columns have been removed.
A flight of steps through the south wall communicates with a gallery at the west end of the nave.
On the north side of the tower is a door into the belfrey. The windows are small and irregular,
some partly closed, others having mullions. On the south side of the tower is the dial of the clock.
Between the nave and chancel is a pointed arch resting on piers, and another of correspondent size
at the west end, closed with wainscot behind the gallery; the latter built at the expense of Mrs.
Elizabeth Dawson, in pursuance of a resolution of the inhabitants in vestry, 29 March 1749, with
the consent of John, Bishop of Lincoln :'- the front seat or division being appropriated, one half to
the family of the Curate, and the other to the Churchwardens and Mr. Robert Eeles, a relative
of the founder. In the south wall of the nave is a cavity which appears to have been a repository
for books, or a cihorium for the Eucharist.
The font is octagon, with its compartments sculptured with quaterfoils and shields, supported
by a pedestal having trefoil-headed arches, and at its base a high step, probably for the convenience
of performing submersion in baptism.
The pulpit has been removed from the north side of the nave to the north-east angle.
The communion table, on an elevation of one step, is enclosed with ancient rails, within an area
of about eight feet by six and a half, a bench being affixed to the wall on each side, an innova-
tion made in the Presbyterian times, in order to the receiving the sacrament sitting.
On a slab in the pavement: Arms; two bars, in chief a lion passant: impaling, two bars wavv,
in chief a fleur-de-lis between two mascles :
" Here lyetli the body of Clement Gregory and Anne his wife, the daugliter of Richard Wyan, a person
truly pious and remarkable for good works. She had only three daughters ; lived widow forty years, and dyed
the 31 of January 1717, in the 88th year of her age."
On a mural monument, against the north pier of the nave: Arms; a chevron erm. between
three greyhounds' heads erased: impaling, Or, on a fess crenelle Arg. three ermines between 10
billets Az. each charged with an ermine spot. On an escutcheon of pretence, the sinister empale-
inent. Crest, a greyhound's head erased. On each side of the shield, a pyramid with a cross patte
Or, on its apex :
" Near this place lieth the body of Mary Belson, wife of Maurice Belson, of this parish of Brill, Esq. who
died May the 6th 1715. She was the eldest daughter and coheiress of Kiciuird Perkins, of Beenham, in the
county of Berks, Esq. Her great charity to the poor, has, we hope, in the mercy of Clod, rendered her happy
in Heaven, and left her memory precious upon earth.
" Blessed is the man who considers of the needy and the poor : in the evil day our Lord will deliver him.
" In grateful acknowledgment of her love and virtue, her afflicted husband put up this stone.
" May she rest in peace. Amen."
' Willis's MSS. ' Entry, with the Bishop's Autograph, in Brill Register.
112
ASIIENDON HUNDRED.
In the middle of the nave, on octagon slabs :
In memory of Robert Eeles, who died 8 Nov. 1791,
aged 60.
Also, Maria, their daughter, died 15th July 1771,
aged 2 years.
On a blue slab :
In memory of Mr. Henry Cook, sen. wlio died Sept.
22, 1766, aged 65.
Also, Mrs. Mary iiis wife; died Sept. 2, 1777,
aged 74.
In memory of Mr. Henry Cook, jun. who died Jan.
Hth, 1780, aged 51.
On a small mural tablet on the south side :
In memory of Mr. Wm. Leadbury, who died Oct.
18th, 1737, in the 80th year of his age ; leaving issue
two dauglitei's, of whicii Elizabeth, wife to the Rev. Mr.
Thomas Toovey, ^'icar of ^^^atHngton, and Rector of
Swincomb, in com. Oxon, caused this monument to be
erected.
On a slab in the pavement :
In memory of I'iiomas In memory of Robert
Berry, who died January Berry : died May y<= 15
13, 1761., aged 59. 1761, aged 57 years.
On the south side :
Under this stone lie the remains of Betsey Turner,
daughter of John and Mary Turner, who died 19 July
1798, aged 13 years and 8 months :
The debt of nature I have paid,
And innocent I lie :
May the just in Heaven for ever rest,
As I trust in God shall I.
On another :
Underneath this stone lie the remains of John Tur-
ner, who died 20 Feb. 1809, aged 72 years:
.MEMENTO MORI.
On a black tablet :
Near this place lieth the body of John Prickett, who
died June 2.5, 1791, aged 71.
Also, Ann, his wife; died March 18, 1754, aged 36.
Also, Ann, their daughter; died Oct. 18, 1754, aged
7 montlis.
Also, Ann, daughter of Edward and Mary Prickett,
died Oct. 15, 1780, aged 3 years :
" Here the wicked cease from troubling, and tlie
weary be at rest."
On a tablet affixed to the south-west pier :
In memory of John Snell, Esq. who died 23 Dec.
1805, aged 7*5.
On a brass plate affixed to a slab near the en-
trance into the chancel, in the old letter :
Such as yee are suche were we.
And such as we are such shall yee be,
After the present and worldly lyfFe,
Therefore of youre charite
Say a pater n'r and an ave
For the soules of John Woode and Maude his wife.'
On a slab in the porch :
Here lieth Anne, yc wife of y^ Rev. Richd Payne,
Vicar of Great Coxwell, Berks. She died May 25, 1755,
aged 11 years.
On a small mural tablet of white marble, on
the north side of the nave :
Sacred to the memory of Laver Oliver, Esq. of Brill
House, who departed this life Dec. 10, 1813, aged 73
3-ears, to the inexpressible grief of his wife and fnnily.-
" Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord : even so
saith the Spirit, for they I'est from tlieir labours "
The descent uf the persons 1
Sir RicnAun Cornwa
ere connnemorated is deduced in the annexed table :
L, Knt. of Astol Lye, in Oxfordshire, natural son of Edmund Earl of Co
Sin Br'~
N Cornwall, Knt.=p.
f Lord Strange.
Elizabkth, eldest dau. and coll. mar. to Roger Corbet, Esq. Maude, ninr. to John Woode,
of Morton Corbet, co. Salop. buried at Brill.
' Mr. Oliver occupied Brill House during several years, and here was celebrated, '2 July 1814, the Marriage of his
three daughters, Mary, the eldest, to Lieut. Colonel Francis Manners Sutton, son of his Grace Charles Lord Arch-
bishop of Canterbury; Eliza, to the Rev. William Stephen Gilly, A. B. of Wanstead, in E.ssex ; and Harriet-Charlotte,
to William John ManscI, Esq. (eldest son of Sir William Mansel, Bart.) afterwards Uector of Ellesborough.
BRILL. 113
Affixed to the north wall were hatchments for the family of Saunders : viz.
1. In a lozenge; with a cherub. Party per chevron Sa. and Arg. three elephants' heads erased,
counterchanged : Saunders ; impaling, Sa. a fess chequ^ Or and Az. between three bezants : Pitt.
Motto, " Morsjanua vitce!'
2. Saunders ; impaling, Arg. a bend engrailed Sa. charged with three bezants : a chief engrailed
Or ; with the crest of Saunders, an elephant's head erased.
3. The same arms, with a death's head.
4. Saunders, with its proper crest. Motto, " In coelo quies."
The communion plate consists of a paten, a flagon, and two chalices, on the larger of which is
the name of Harte, the donor.
In the church were many altars and shrines, or lights, dedicated to saints : and divers small sums
of money and portions of lands were given by devout persons for their maintenance.
Robert Harte by will, dated 22 Mar. 1503, bequeathed his " body to be buried in the church-
yard of Brehull," and, besides a remembrance to Lincoln cathedral, left small legacies to the high
altar of Brill, AUhallows light, the Rood, St. George's, St. Clement's, St. John's, and St. Christo-
pher's lights ; for altar cloths for the high altar, our Lady's and St. Nicholas's altars. '
In 1549, King Edward VI. granted to John Howe and John Broxholme, inter alia, one acre
and one rood of land in Brill, in the occupation of the churchwardens, formerly given to maintain a
light in the church.^
In 1552, the King granted to Sir Ed. Bray, Knt. (for his good services, and for a sum of money
paid into the Exchequer) John Thornton and John Danby, Gent. 2^. per ami. issuant out of a
close in Brill, in the occupation of Thomas Curzon, formerly given to maintain an anniversary in
the church.''
In 1578 (19 Ehz.) the Queen granted, inter alia, to Peter Grey and Edw. Grey, Esq. the church
house in Brill, late amongst concealed lands, &c.'*
The Register begins in 1596, the earliest volume being decayed, and almost illegible. Amongst
the entries are :
In 1665 a collection was made in Brill church for " the relief of persons visited by the plague.
Ric. Harward, Min''."
" The Lady Rebecca Pcmberton, buried 29 Oct. 1668.
Thomas Shrimpton, of Little Missenden, and Mrs. Sarah Greeninge, of Ashendon, married
1 Oct. 1682.
Richard Knapp, Gent, and Jane Rice, married 14 April 1692.
Anne, wife of Philip Neve, Esq. buried 9 Jan. 1699.
Philip Neve, Esq. Serjeant at Law, buried 17 Ap. 1708."
PAROCHIAL CHARITIES.
Near the church-yard, towards the south-west, are some mean cottages, called The Almshouses, inhabited
by poor widows, who receive a weekly stipend of 2s. l^d. each, under the direction of the Minister and Church-
wardens : founded by Alice Carter, widow, in pursuance of the intentions of her deceased husband, George
Carter.
• Willis's MSS. vol. xxxii. f. 18. in Bibl. Bodl. = Rot. Pat. 3 Edw. VI. Test. 5 Jul.
3 Ibid. 6 Edw. VI. Test. 1 Sept. i Ibid. 19 Eliz. Test. 8 Mar.
VOL. I. a
114 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Alice, widow of George Carter, sen. of Bi-ill, yeoman, by deed, dated 27 May 1590, reciting an indenture, by which
John Dynham, o^ Borestall, and Henry Poole, of Mowsewell, co. Oxon, Esq. demised 14 April 1586 (29 Eliz.)
to George Carter, certain premises in Brill for the respective terms successively of 1000 years, and 200 years, and
that George Carter, when seised, erected thereon five habitations, with yards and gardens, and placed therein,
" fy ve poore, lame, impotente, and needy wydowes, myndinge for charytie sake, and in pure and faythfull devo-
tion, to settle the same on certain feoffees," &c. for the use of the said widows " during their wydowhood and na-
tural lyves," and for their successors, but being prevented by sickness and death from accomplishing his "godly
entente," and having declared his " hearty desires before the right worshipfull Mr. John Case, Doctor of Phy-
sicke, Mr. Barthelemew Warner, M"". of Arte, and also to Thomas Smith, Gent. Thomas Gregorye, the elder,
Geo. Carter, the yomiger, yeoman, Jerome Gregorye, Clk. Curate of Brill, and divers others, and prayed and he-
seeched the said Ales Carter, his ivife, to see his good inte7itions perfected ;" and by his last will, &c. dated 4 Feb.
33 Eliz. made the said Ales his sole executrix, and bequeathed to her his right in the said estate, who proved the
said will at Aylesbury, 22 Feb. 1590. By this indenture, in pursuance of the testator's request, the said Alice
grants to George Carter, her son, William Carter, her god-son (second son of the said George), Thomas Gre-
gory, jun. Will. Walker, jun. and Rich. Serjaunte, of Brill, yeoman, and their heirs, the site of the premises for
the term before-mentioned, upon trust, that they or the major part of them, with the Curate of Brill, place " in
the said five dwellings, five poor, lame, impotent, or needy wydotves, there, nppon theire honeste and good behavyoiir
to remayne and dwell, in purefrancke almes, and rent free, during their wydotchoodd and naturall lyves," &c. al-
ways supplying the rommeor rommes of such as eyther decease or lewdesonie lyfe," &c. by the said feoffees be ex-
pelled, to inhabit there rent free, with 20s. rent reserved by an indenture of lease of the late George Carter to
Alice Jevan, widow, dated 9 Feb. 33 Eliz. &;c. and any overplus, after repairing the buildings, to be on the next
Sabbath Day after the receit hy the feoffees, doled or distributed after morning prayer in the church of Brill to the
five poor widows: who there kneeliiig together before the communion table, shall render unto Almighty God
thankes, by saying the Loi'de's prayer, for his mercifull and greate benyfytte bestowed uppon them : " and that they
and their successors shall annually, "on St. John Baptist^ s Day, give and yeelde one red rose or poyesy of flowers"
to the said Ales Carter during her life, and afterwards to her son, &c. giving also timber for repairs. Sealed and
attested with the mark of Alice Carter ; and endorsed, " Read, subscribed, and sealed, the day of the date, &c.
within the second roome southward, and delyvered by the within named Alice Carter, &.c. Thomas Gregory,
William Burton, Jerome Gregorie, &-c. and endorsed with a memorandum of livery of seisin 27 May 1591 ; to
the feoffees, by the delivery to each of them, and to the Curate of Brill, 2s. bd. a peece, with them and every of
them to remayne untyll their decease, and after to their heyres," and the same to be delivered by the Curate to
his successor during the term, &.c. Witnessed by the same persons ; and the names of die widows endorsed : —
Elyzabeth Ryckford, Mary Brinkewell, Elyzabeth Ingram, Joane Syons, and Marye Heysye ; and acknowledg-
ment of enrolment at Alesburye, 28 June 33 Eliz., signed by one of the Justices of the Bench,
Wyll'm Pervam.
In 17S6 there were five tenements, and two parcels of land, and " houses " attached to the almshouses, let at
3/. per an)/. In 1829 one of the tenements was occupied by a person paying rent to the Trustees for the benefit
of the inmates of the remaining almshouses.'
Pym's Charity School. John Pym, granted a rent charge of 10/. per aim. to maintain a school for the in-
struction of ten poor children, of this parish.'
In 1702 this estate having been conveyed to Richard Grenville, Esq. it was returned by inquisition at
W^otton (19 July, 3 Anne), under the authority of a commission for charitable uses, that the payments were
' Of the family of Carter the founder, little seems to be known ; excepting that George Carter, his grandson, had an
only daughter Elizabeth, who became the wife of Dr. William Thomas, Rector of St. Nicholas, Worcester (son of
William Thomas, Lord Bishop of Worcester), editor of Dugdule's Hist, of Warwickshire, and a Survey of Worcester
Cathedral. Green's Worcester, vol. ii. p. 10k
- The original indenture, dated 3 March 1637, between John Pym and Thomas Wyan, of ^Slogerhanger, co. Beds.
Gent, and Richard Wyan the younger, of Brill, and George Carter the younger, Gent., George Snow, yeoman, Thomas
Hunt, and Thomas Gregory, granting 10/. per ami. payable out of Muswell Farm, in Brill and Boarstall, for the term
of 999 years.
BRILL. 115
tliirty-four years and a half in arrear ; and in the Parish Register is the following memorandum : " Gervoise
\\^iddowes, Clerk, Minister of Brill,' recovered on his own cost, a freehold of 10/. pei- ann. given by Mr. J. Pymme,
which was lost for 34 years and an half : likewise 300/. arrears; by a commission and decree in Chancery
21 May, 6 Anne, and by means of which, land of 23/. joer ann. was settled for the uses of the Charity."^
The lands purchased for the school, were called Spmi-Closes,^ which were from time to time demised by the
Trustees, until, on an exchange of lands under an Act of Parliament,* Richard Grenville, Esq. transferred the
security for payment of 10/. per ann.^ to Austin's Closes in Brill, out of which the rent chai-ge still issues.
' Seep. 116.
- John Pym is said to have been a native of Somersetshire, and born circ. 158 k In 1599 he was a gentleman-com-
moner of Broadgate Hall (since Pembroke College), Oxford, where he was distinguished by his abilities, but did not
take a degree ; removing, as is supposed, to one of the Inns of Court. He had great eloquence and knowledge of the
law, sat in several Parliaments in the reign of King James, who thought him of " an ill-tempered spirit ; " and, in the
next reign, was M. P. for Tavistock. He evinced much enmity to Villiers Duke of Buckingham; and in 1618 was
equally violent against Dr. Roger Manwaring. In 1628 he opposed with great animosity Dr. Montague, Bishop of
Norwich [see Commons' Journals, vol. i. p. 911] ; was appointed Lieutenant of the Ordnance ; sided with the Puritans,
and was a partizan of John Hampden, Lord Say, and their adherents ; corresponded with the Scots Covenanters, and
assisted their Commissioners. He also " rode about the country to promote the election of the Puritanical party to
Parliament," was himself chosen twice in \QW, and becoming the " idol of the faction," was very active in the impeach-
ment of Thomas Earl of Strafford and Archbishop Laud. His endeavours to excite disturbances in Ireland, gave great
offence to the King, and he was one of the five members personally demanded to be delivered up in the house. It is
said that the King was advised to secure the influence of Pyra, by appointing him Chancellor of the Exchequer, but
this was not done ; and he made speeches and fomented discord in London ; was a promoter of the Covenant, and
one of the laymen appointed to sit with the assembly of Divines. However, this busy man was suddenly cut off by
death on the 8th of December 1643, and was buried on the 15th in Westminster Abbey ; a sermon being preached
at his funeral b)' Stephen Marshall, Minister of Finchingfield, in Essex, printed in 16W in l-to, entitled " The Church's
Lamentation for the good man's loss," from Micah, ch. vii. ver. 1 and 2, with a portrait. The preacher declared that
he died of a disorder in his bowels, not, as his enemies asserted, raving mad, nor of a loathsome disease ; which he said
eight doctors of physic and near a thousand persons who came to see his corpse opened, could testify [Wood's Athenae,
vol. ii. p. 39] : but others insisted upon his having died of the same disease as King Herod, a judgement upon him for
his opposition to King Charles. Wood expresses his surprise that if this were true, his body, which had been buried
amongst kings and princes, was not taken up again, in 1661, when so many others were disinterred by royal command
[Wood's Athena;, vol. ii. p. 39]. Marshall compared Pym with John the Baptist, and called him " Amor et Delicia
generis humani ; " he was also commended in the Mercurius Britannicus ; and by Baxter, in his "Saints' Rest," his
soul, with that of John Hampden, was translated to Heaven : but Wood observes that, " let those of Pym's persuasion
say what they please, he was the author of much blootlshed, and many of those calamities under which the kingdom,
several years after, groaned." VVhitelocke states that, " it was believed business and cares broke his spirits and
health, and occasioned his death." [Memorials of English Affairs, 1643.] Lord Clarendon speaks of him with candour, as
a man of great experience in parliamentary business, of good reputation as an Officer of the Exchequer, and though
inclined to the Puritans, not so furious against the Church as other leading men ; but wholly devoted to the Earl of
Bedford, who did not partake of that spirit. [Hist, of the Rebellion, vol. i. p. 185.] Whitelocke mentions the death of
Pym as happening in May, but this seems to be a mistake. See Parliamentary History, vol. xii. p. 462. Whitelocke's
Memorials, p. 66. Rushworth's Collect, vol. v. p. 376. — Mr. Pym was the author of numerous pamphlets. See Rush-
worth's Collections, Nalson's Collect., Wood's Athena;, &c.
3 Deed dated 13 Jul. 1710 (9 Anne) between Edw. Carter, sen. of Billingford, co. Norfolk, and Anne his wife,
Durban Westbroke, A. M. of Jesus Coll. Cambridge, son and heir of John Westbroke, citizen and grocer of London,
and Edward Harvey, William Awbrey, Edward Harte, William Croke, Esqrs. ; Thomas Hunt, Thomas Berry, John
Hutchins, and Joseph Eales, Gent. Trustees of Brill School.
* Stat. 11 Geo. II. pr. c. 20. See also Wotton. s Deed dated 25 March 1742.
116 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
THE MASTERS OF BRILL SCHOOL
were at first in Holy Orders, and licensed by the Bishop of the Diocese.
James d'Aylon, A. M. Curate of Fleet Marston, held the same office, until it was transferred to the
appointed Schoolmaster in 1667. laity, of whom the only names discovered are,
Ral2)h Patefield, A. M. 1672 ; he was also Rector John Prichett, died in 1791, and was succeeded by
of Grendon Underwood. Thomas Prichett.
Gervase Widdows, A. M. Curate of Brill and Boar- Wimam Sutton, 1827, was also appointed to super-
stall, and Schoolmaster, died 1720. intend the
It seems probable tliat his successors as Curates here
NATIONAL SCHOOL,
established in 1815, by voluntary contributions, and endowed by Sir John Aubrey, Bart, who by will •
bequeathed 2200/. three per cent. Bank of England Consolidated annuities, to be transferred in trust, (and after
certain payments, not exceeding 6/. j^^r ami.) die interest to be applied in support of this school, " in con-
formity to the wishes of his late dear wife," Dame Martha Catherine : muler the direction of the possessor of
the Mansion-house and estate of Dorton and the Minister of Brill for the time being, for ever, as pei-petual
Trustees.
In 1827 a school -room, 40 feet long by 20 feet wide, was (with permission of the Lord of the Manor) erected
near the parish church, for the use of the boys : and the girls are instructed in a temporary school at some
distance. The children are admitted only by the Curate of the Parish ; and are taught reading and writing.
The girls are also taught sewing and knitting.
In 1828 instruction was given to 129 daily and 20 Sunday scholars, boys; and 67 daily and 25 Sunday
scholars, girls. In 1830, to 92 daily and 17 Sunday scholars, boys ; and 79 daily and 32 Sunday scholars, girls :
the average amount of subscriptions, &c. in addition to the endowment by Sir John Aubrey, being about 70/.
per arm. Every child belonging to Brill, having regularly attended during three years (and then twelve
years of age) receives, on leaving the school, a Bible and Common Prayer-book as a gratuity.
Nicholas Almon, of Thame, bequeathed 40s. per ann. to the poor of Brill, for twenty-one years ; the first
payment being made 21 Feb. 1653, by Clement Gregory, Churchwarden.^
John Harte,^ in 1664, bequeathed a rent charge of 5/. per ann. (deducting land-tax) payable out of Easington-
Farm, co Oxon, to apprentice poor boys of Brill ; at the discretion of the Churchwardens.
Edward Leiois, Esq.^ bequeathed, in 1674, to poor persons of Brill, not receiving parochial relief, an annuity
of 8/. jxiyable out of his estate ; to be distributed by the Churchwardens and Overseers.
At the disafforesting of Bernwode, an allotment was made of 77 acres and 3 roods of land, at M. per acre to
freeholders, in compensation for commons, &c. and 138 acres to 46 ancient cottages, at 2c?. per acre ; and in 1786
the amount of the product was returned at 100/. per ami. vested in the Lord of the Manor, the Vicar of Oakley,
tlie Curate of Brill, the Curate of Wotton, and six principal inhabitants of Brill.^
■ i^ge p_ 73 ■' Par. Regist. ' See Ciiearsley, Chilton, Crendon, and Ludgershall.
' See BoARSTALL, pp. 65. 9i. * Abstract of Charitable Returns, vol. i. pp. 58, 59.
CHEARSLEY. 117
CHEARSLEY.
Cejibice-leag, Cerselai, Cherdesley, Cheardesley, Chersley, Cherdsley, has been supposed the
Cerdicesleah mentioned in the Saxon Chronicle, where Cerdic and Cynric defeated the Britons.'
Camden notices the prevalent opinion, but is inclined to assign the battle to Charford or Ceardics-
ford in Hampshire, which seems better adapted for the occurrence of that event.^ Speed remarks,
that the memory of Cerdic, who subdued this part of the country and included it in Mercia, is
partly continued in Chersey, where " in a sharpe and bloudy battle he was victor over the Britaines,"^
There are others who have conjectured that the low and watery situation of the parish on the
border of the Thame gave occasion to its name.
Chcarsley is bound on the North by Chilton, Ashendon, and Nether Winchendon ; on the East
by Winchendon and Cuddington ; on the South by Cuddington and Haddenham ; and on the
West by Crendon and Chilton, and contains about one thousand acres, of which more than half is
arable, and the remainder meadow and pasture.
The soil is a deep clay, with strata of lime-stone, sand, rubble, various loams, gravel, and small
veins of fine green sand-stone in the higher grounds.
THE MANOR
was in the Saxon times in the possession of six thanes, whose names are unknown, but who might
alienate their lands. At the Norman Survey it was held by Ernulph and Geoffrey under Walter
Giffard, and was taxed at eight hides and a half. The land was sufScient for six ploughs ; in the
demesne four ; and six villeins with two bordars, had two ploughs. There were four servants,
pasture for six teams ; then and always estimated at 6/. and in the days of King Edward at 7/."*
The paramount lordship descended from the Giffards Earls of Buckingham, in the same manner
as Ashendon,^ to the Mareschals Earls of Pembroke, and afterwards to William de Valence, who on
a partition of that inheritance with Richard de St. Denis, in 1284, acquired Chearsley,^ which was
thence called Chearsley-Valence. On the death of Joane Countess of Pembroke, his widow, in
1307 (1 Edw. II.) this manor descended to her son Adomar, and on failure of issue of the
Valences passed to Sir Walter Manny, K. G. amongst the inheritance of the Earls Mareschal,
which had been diverted out of the ordinary course of descent in the following manner. Maud,
' Lysons's Magn. Brit. vol. i. p. 536.
- Cheardisley, quod multi putant sit locus qui Saxonicfe Cerdick-slega dictus fuerit, fe Cerdico Saxonico qui gravissimo
praelio ibi cum Britannis concertavit. Camden's Brit.
3 Theatre of the Empire, book 1. ch. 22. p. 43.
< Terra Walterii Gifard. OD' in Cerleslai ten' Ernulf et Goisfrid' de Walterio viii. hid' et dim'. T'ra e. vi. car'.
In d'nio iiii. car' et vi. uilli. cu" ii. bord' h'nt ii. car'. Ibi iiii. serui. p'tu vi. car'. Val' et ualuit vi. lib. T. R. E. vii. lib'.
Hoc 00' tenuer' vi. teigni, et uende' potuer' cui' uoluer. Lib. Censual. torn. i. f. 147.
■^ See p. 8. ^ Placit. 13 Edw. I. ro. 18. Abbrev. p. 208. See also Policott, p. 26.
118 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
eldest dauglitcr of William INIarcschal, Earl of Pembroke, as representative of her ancestors, had been
solemnly entrusted with the Mareschal's staff" by King Henry III. (32 Henry III.) ' who immediately
delivered that ensign of investiture to her son, Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk, and he dying in 1 269,
was succeeded by his brother, Hugh, and the latter by his son Roger Earl of Norfolk and Earl Mar-
shal, who made the King his heir, and cut off the entail from his younger brother John ; and the
King, on the death of the said Roger, being lawfully seised of the estates of the Mareschals, granted
the same in 1312 to his brother, Thomas de Brotherton, whose daughter Margaret carried this manor,
infer alia, to Sir Walter Manny, a native of Hainault, who having attended Queen Philippa into
England, was appointed her cupbearer. In 1339 he conveyed this estate by fine to Sir John
Moleyns, or Molins, Knt. who settled it in remainder upon his son William and his heirs male, ^ and
obtained a charter of privileges and exemptions for himself and his tenants in Chearsley, as in his
other estates.^ In the time of his son. Sir William Molyns, a dispute arose in consequence of his
having obstructed the river Thame between Chearsley and Haddenham, to the detriment of the
free tenants of the Prior of Rochester.'' After his death, in 1380,^ Margery his widow enjoyed
this estate as part of her dower, and died seised ;^ as did Sir William de Molins, Knt. in May, 7
Henry VI. ; i and it w^as included in the provision made by King Edward IV. for Alianore,
widow of Robert Lord Hungerford and Molins, after his attainder. Upon her marriage w^th
Sir Oliver Manningham, Knt. a fine was passed in 1491 between Edward Hastings and Mary his
wife, and the said Oliver Manningham, of this manor, which subsequently became the property of
the family of Dormer, but seems to have passed through intermediate purcliasers, of whom no
clear account has been discovered. Willis mentions the arms of Baldington in the church here,
which, if conjecture were allowable, might lead to a supposition that the Dormers acquired at
least part of their property here by descent from the heiress of that family : but Sir Michael Dor-
mer, of Ascot, CO. Oxon, and of Great Kinibell, died in 1545, seised of lands in Chearsley, which
descended to his son, W^illiam Dormer, Esq. of Thame ; ^ whose son John held this estate ; and it
passed with Dorton to Lieutenant-General James Dormer, at whose death it came in pursuance
of his will, dated 3d January, 1737, to his maternal cousin, Sir Clement Cottrell, Knt. of Row-
sham, CO. Oxon, whose pedigree is annexed.
PEDIGREE OF DORMER of CHEARSLEY, DORTON, and KLMBELL: and of
COTTRELL-DORMER, of CHEARSLEY.
From an ancient Pedigree in the possession of Charles Cottrell Dormer, Esq. extracted from Records in the College of Arms ; Stcmmata Chichel. i
Clutterbuck's Herts ; Collins's Peerage, vol. iv. p. 194 ; Hejiin's Help ; Heraldic Visitations ; Parochial Registers ; and other Authorities.
hms. Dormer. Azure, ten billets Or, 4, 3, 2, I : on a chief of the Second a demi-lion ramp, naissant Sab. with a mullet for difference. Du Larr.
Erm. two flaunches Sab. each charged with a lamb passant Argent. Scriven GiJJard. Azure three stirrups Or. Rcadc. Gules, a saltir
between four garbs Or. Cottrell. Arg. a bend between three escallops Sable. Cresl. A fox, on his left shoulder i
Catharine, daughter of=SiR Michael Dormer, Knt. of Ascot, co. Oxon, third son of Geoffrey Dormer, Esq =f Elizabeth, dan. of Davye,
Thomas du Lam, of Lon- of //;•.« //V™™''''. hy Ursula, dau-hter and heir of B. Cllingrldge of Toiirra-!/ ; bur. in St. Laurence- Jury Church,
don. [Ex. Regist. Arm. Sheriff of London l.'iSS (SS Hen. VIIL i. Lord Mayor 1541 (38 Hen. VHL), ob.. . London,
ext. Watson, Arm. Reg.] Sept. 154.5, bur. at Great Kimlctl. \
Dugd. Bar. torn. i.p. 134.. '' Rot. Fin. 13 Edw. III.
Calend. Rot. Cart. Abbrev. p. 179. Dugd. Bar. tom.ii. p. 146. •* Esc. 33 Edw. III. no. Si. Cal. vol. ii. p. 21"
Esc. 4 Ric. II. no. 38. Cal. vol. iii. p. 31. Mb. 22 Ric. II. no. 31. Cal. vol. iii. p. 251.
lb. 8 Hen. VI. no. 38, and Dugd. Bar. torn ii. p. IIT. See also Brill, p. 99.
See Cke.ndon and Dorton.
CHEARSLEY.
119
Thomas Dormer,
eldest=pANNE, dau.
2. WlLLIAM=;
= , "dau. 3. John Dormer,
of Steeple Ellen, mar. t<
sODandheir, ofYarnton,
of Richard
Dormer, of
andheirof .... of London and
Oxon, and Burfield, co.
Crispe, of
Thame, co.
Scriven, of vix. 1547 (1 Edw
4.)A 6. Ambrose Dormer
, of Ascot of Cobcott, CO
Berks. Will dated 21
Cobcotts,
Oxon, second
Callies ; mar. 4. Geoffrey Dormer, of and Milton, co. Oxon. [See Oxon.
Nov. 1549.
CO. OXOD.
son, vix.t
2dly, to Farthinghoe, co.
North- Pedigree of Hawtrey, in El- Agnes, mar. to
1552.
Holinshed." ampton. /f.
lesiorough .]
Bob. Palmer,
of Ifaddesdon.
Elizabeth, sole
I. Jan
E, dau.=FSiR John Dormer,=
=2 = 3. Katherine, dau
Elizabeth, mar. to William
dau. and heir,
of .John Gif-
Knt.
of Dorlo.i and
widow of Sir of Sir Michael
Euerby or Iwardby.
mar. to John
fard, Esq. of
Chearsky, Sheriff
Arthur Ate, Blount, of Iver, re-
Jane, ob. s. p.
Sir Clement=pAnne Al-
Stampe, of
Chilllngton,
of D
icks 1596 (39
Knt. lict of Sir John
Margaret, mar. to William
Cottrell, levne, oI
Compton,co.
CO. Staff, ob.
ii.\h.
)ob. 1626, bur.
Croke, Knt. ofChil-
Betty, of London, and had
Knt.ob.l631
Berks.
9 Sept. 1605,
lift
arch at Cre>i-
ton, ob. s. p.
issue.
cet. 46. Essex.
u.atCr
ndon.
don.
Mary, dau. of Sir^
pSiR Robert Dor-
- dau.
2. John Dormer. Elizabeth, n
lar. 1st, to John Sir Charles Cottrell, Knt.=F
Thomas Reade,
mer, Knt. son and
of Sir Wm.
3. Francis Dormer. Dynhara, Esq., 2dlY, to Sir Master of the Ceremonies to j dau. of
Knt. of Duns Tew,
heir, ob. 12 May
Hamond.
4. Giffard Dormer. Robert Spil
er, Knt. D. C. L. K. Cha. 1.
K. Ch. 2.andK.
CO. Oxon. [See
16S9, buried at
Knt. of St.
5.VV1LLIAM Dormer. Oxon, 20 Dec. 1670. [See Pe- Jas. 2. M
P. for Cardigan, West.
Pedigree of
Crendon.
Alban's, CO.
digree of Dv
NHAMofBoRSTALL. Ambassador to Brussels in I
Reade.]
Herts.
Dorothy.
1663, ob.
701. 1
l.JoiiN Dor
.MER, ob. V. [
i. Michael
Dormer, ob
Catharine, third dau. of Mon — 3. Robert Dor-
tague Bertie, Earl of Lindsey,
K. G. by Martha, Countess
Dowager of Holderness, da. of
Sir Wm. Cockeyne, Knt. of
Rushton, CO. Northampton,
ob. 1659, bur. at Crendon 9
June. [See Ped. of Bertie.]
MER, heir of
his brothers, ob.
1695, buried at
Crendon 14 Feb.
[MSS. penes Jo-
han Aubrey, Bart.
1693.]
1 . John Dormer,
born 16 Jan.
1669, of RoiY-
sham, CO. Oxon.
bur.7 April 1719,
at Crendon,
2. Charles Dor-
mer, b. 25 Feb.
3. William Dormer,
b. IsFeb. 1671.
4. Robert Dormer,
b. 26 Oct. 1676; ob.
1736, bur. 29 Dec.
5. Philip Dormer, b.
25 Nov. 1677, ob.
:.^NNE, Clement Cottrell, ...
eldest Esq. eldest son, born dau
dau. 1650, blown up 28th of
second May 1672, in the ...
wife. Royal James, off the Bui
mar.. Coast of Sussex, bu. rell
in Westminster Ab-
1668. bey.
rCHA
.izabeth,
LuDowicK dau. of . . .
Cottrell, Chute, Esq.
Knt. Cora- of the Vine,
missioner of | co. Hants,
the Privy [ mar. 1691.
Seal 1697,
Eliza
young
William
Trumbull,
Kt. Sec. of
State, ob.
'. 1711. 4- '""•*' ^- F-
Cottrells, of Hadley and Barnet.
6. James Dormer, Esq. of
DoTlon, b. 16 Mar. 1679,
Lt.-Gen. 173B, Governor
of Hull 1740, Capt. and
Col.'. stHorse Gren. Guards,
ob. 24 Dec. 1741, bur. 2
Jan. at C7'e7zrfon, bequeathed
Chearsley to his cousin Sir
Clement Cottrell.
CLE^
Dormer
Feb.
ob.
1697, bur. 22 June
at Crendon.
Frances, b. 9 March,
1681, mar. to Sir Jo-
seph Daniel, Knt.
Anne, )
Catherine, i
of
London,
i.^SiR Clement Cottrell, Kt.=pALLEN
if took the name of Dormer,
Master of the Ceremonies to
King George 2, (6 Sept.
1727,) Vice-President of So-
, ciety of Antiquaries, ob.l30ct.
175S,at Rowsham, co.Oxon.
11. young
May
Sir Charles Cottrell-Dormer, Kt.=
(5 Dec. 1758,) Master of the Ceremo-
nies to K. Geo. 2. and K. Geo. 3.
Proxy for Pr. Ferdinand of Brunswick
at the Installation of K. G. 1760 ; cr.
D.C.L. at Oxford 1 March 1778. Will
dated 25 Mar. 1779,0b eod. anno.
Elizabeth Heylin, of co. Oxon,
1783 ; ob. at Rowsham, 28 Ma
Jane Adelmar or C^sar, dau. and coh.
of Charles Csesar, of Beyfordbury, co.
Herts ; settlement dated 15 and 16' July,
mar. 17 July 1754 ; 2dlY, 21 April 1782,
to the Hon. George Lkne Parker, M. P.
for Tregony,bro. of Thomas 3d Earl of
Macclesfield; ob. vidua, 1st Aug. 1802.
1
Robert Cottrell,
Esq. Assistant Mas-
ter of the Ceremo-
Marl'nes, lost in
in H. M. S. Victory,
Elizabeth, born 1723 ; mar. 5 July 1748, to
Thomas Cartwright, Esq. ; ob. Mar. 1 803.
Bridget, b. 17I8, Maid of Honour to the
Princess of Orange 1734 ; mar. to Mons.
D'Abbain, of Holland; ob. s.p. 28 Dec. 1801.
ARY,' \ "b-innupt,! nil \ bur.atRowshan
12 May,:
MT Cottrell-Dormer. Knt. Master of the=T=MARGARET Jane, ob.
itoK. Geo. 3; resigned 1796; ob | Robinson. innupta.
F.LL-DoRMER, Esq. of Rowsham,^MARY, dau. of Walter Strickland, Esq. of Cock-
h Sheriff of Oxfordshire 1827. | thorpe Park, co. Oxon.
In 1805, upon the inclosure of 917 acres of land in Chearsley, Sir Clement Cottrell Dormer,
Knt. as Lord of the Manor and Impropriator, accepted an allotment in lieu of his waste and glehe ;
and the ancient custom of keeping a bull and a boar was abolished.' He afterwards purchased
other lands, formerly the property of the family of Quarterman or Quatcrmains, of Sydenham, co.
Oxon, and an estate belonging to Mr. Henry Reynolds, of Notley-Abbey ; which, altogether com-
prising about 735 acres, are, with the manor and advowson, the property of Charles Cottrell Dor-
mer, Esq. his son and heir, of Rowsham, co. Oxon.
Stat. 45 Geo. III. c. 86.
120 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
The manor, which is co-extcnsive with the parish (but no courts are held, nor claims made of
fines or services) includes a fishery in the Thame of about one mile and three quarters, half stream
over, producing abundance of eels, pike, perch, roach, dace, and gudgeons.
Under the Chief Lord of Chearsley, at the time of the Norman Survey, Ernulph and Geoffrey
were subfeudatories. From the coincidence of their names with those of the two sons of Geoffrey
dc Mandeville, second Earl of Essex, and the banishment of Ernulph de Mandcville, in the be-
ginning of the reign of King Stephen, at which period the lands of Ernulph and Geoffrey passed
into the hands of new possessors, it may be presumed that these were the same persons. They
were succeeded by Hugh de Cressy, who held one knight's fee under the honour of Giffard,' and
John de Columbers, who held half a knight's fee of the same seigniory, view of frankpledge being
held by the bailiff of Crendon ; and the Earl of Leicester, in right of his wife, the heiress of the
Giffards, having pleas here, belonging to that honour, and of the ancient feoffment.
In 1245 Hugh de Cressy (son of Roger and grandson of Hugh one of the Norman auxiliaries)
paid one hundred pounds to be admitted to his inheritance here ; ^ and in 1254 a fine was passed
between Hugh de Cressy and John de Columbers, by which the fishery at Chearsley was settled
on Columbers for life, with remainder to the heirs of Hugh dc Cressy.^
In 1310 all the lands of William de Cressy, grandson of Hugh, were seized by the crown.^
The estate of Columbers had also been determined; for, in 1294, John, son of WilHam de Co-
lumbers passed a fine to Michael dc Drokesford;^ and two years afterwards Thomas le Pundere
and Maud his wife conveyed to Richard Sharbet and Alice his wife, an estate here,*^ and the
daughter and heir of John de Columbers was married to Hildebrand de Alington," ancestor of the
family of Alington, whose descendants intermarried with the Argenteins, of Ashendon,'^ but no
farther accounts are found of their possessions in Chearsley.
PEDIGREE OF CRESSI.
From Dugdale's Baronage ; the Pipe Rolls ; and other Authorities.
Hugh de Chessi, paicl^WARGARET, dau. and heir of William de Cheney, [Dusd. Bar. torn. i. p. 708, Mon. Anglic. O.E.
scutage 33 Hen. 2. I v. i. 415. n". 50.] but according to others dau. of William Fitz-Rohert, by Sibil, dau. of John de
I Cheney, son of Ralph : i.e. great grand-dau. of Ralph de Cbeyne. [Bloomfield's Norfolk, v. x. p. 1.]
Roger de Cressi. In rebellion 17 Joh. made prisoner at the battle=pIsABELL, dau. and coheir of Robert de Rie,
of Lincoln 1 Hen. 3. ob. 30 Hen. 3. | widow of Geoffrey de Cester.
Hugh DE Cressi, son and heir, had livery of his lands 31 Hen. 3. ob. 47 Hen. 3.-p....
Stephen de Cressi. [Rot. Pip. 10 Edw. l.]=pSiBYLL, daughter and heir of John Braytoft.
William de Cressi, summoned to Parliament 25 Edw. I. forfeited his lands 4 Edw
Lib. Nig. Scacc. vol. i.f. 169. ^ Rot. Pip. .SI Hen III. = Rot. Fin. 39 Hen. III.
Rot. Orig. 4. Edw. II. ro. 13. Abbrev. vol. i. p. 170. See also Asiiendon, p. 25. ^ Rot. Fin. 23 Edw. I.
lb. '2.5 Edw. I. " Cole's ]MS.S, vol. vi. p. 71, and Clutterbuck's Herts, vol. ii. p. 51-1. " See p. 13.
CHEARSLEY. 121
Honour of Walingford. — Another estate in Chearsley, which before the Conquest was in
tlie hands of Alden, a freeman of Harold, who could sell it : was at the Domesday Survey in the
possession of Milo Crispin, in right of his wife, grand-daughter and heiress of Wigo de Waling-
ford.' There were one hide and a half, one plough team, one villein, one bordar, two servants,
and sufficient pasture for one team ; then and previously estimated at twenty-two shillings per
ami. Richard held under Milo as his feudal tenant.'
This estate (when the honour of Wahngford was vested in Edward Prince of Wales, Earl of
Chester, in the reign of Richard II.) was included with Upton in Dinton in the Inquisition taken
of the lands of which he died seised, and rated at one fourth part of a knight's fce.^
The family of Richard who held under Milo Crispin in Chearsley (whether the same who was
a tenant of Walter GifFard in Ashendon'' or not) ceased to possess lands here before the close of
the reign of Henry III. and a small portion of his estate had been given to Notley abbey.
In 1234 (19 Henry III.) Thomas de Appleton paid two marks scutage for two knights' fees in
Chearsley and Hichford (Ickford), of the honour of Walingford ; ^ and in 1267 (52 Henry III,)
Sir Thomas de Appleton, Knt. included his inediety of one fee in Chearsley in a grant of lands
formerly held by Walter Dene, Chivaler, to Dionisia de Stoke,^ who is said to have been the
eldest daughter and coheiress of Peter de Stoke, or Stoches,'' and died without issue in 1292, seised,
inter alia, of lands in Chearsley ,8 being then the widow of Milo Hastings.
In 1240 a fine had been passed of messuages and lands in Chearsley from Alice, daughter of
Henry P ... to John le Knight and his heirs.^ Walter le Knight, called in some Evidences
Walter Fitz-John, held a knight's fee here of the hhertics of Earl Richard,"* and in 1254 was a
tenant under the honour of Walingford.' ' Perhaps the estate of the Appletons was divided
between female heirs ; but it does not appear how long the family of Le Knight continued in
possession.
In 1342 a fine was passed of a messuage and lands here, which John atte Welle, of Codynton
(Cuddenton) Chaplain, granted to " Walter le Chevalier of Chardesle and Joane his wife," and
their heirs male.'^
In 1321 a fine was passed of an estate in Cherdesley, Cuddenton, and Haddcnham, between
Robert de Upton, Clerk, and Geoffrey de Arcubus, declared to have been held for life by Alan de
Arcubus ; and the right of Upton ; '^ and Alan de Arcubus died in 1323 seised of a messuage
and a virgate of land here.'^ In 1332 Philip Crok granted to Ellen, widow of Thomas Boketot,
of Policote, and Philip Boketot (probably her son), lands, &c. in " Chardeslie" '^
The lands of the Buektots here, were afterwards in the possession of Sir Edmund Hampden,
Knt. of Dunton,'^ who in 1465 forfeited his estate by attainder, as a partisan of the Lancastrians :
and King Edward IV. granted to Richard Crofte, Esq. inter alia, "the manor of Chardesley
(called Bucktofte's), with the reversion of one messuage, fourscore acres of land, and twenty-four
' See p. 17.
^ Terra Milonis Crispin. In Cerdeslai ten' Ricard' de Milone i. hid. et dim". T'ra e. i. car' et ibi' e' cu' uno
uill'o et i. bord". Ibi iio serui. P'tu' i. car'. Val. et ualuit se'p' xxii. sol. Hanc t'ra' tenuit Alden, ho' com. Heraldi, et
uende' potuit. Lib. Censual. torn. i. f. 150.
3 Esc. 2 Ric. II. no. 57. Calend. vol. iii. p. 16. See also p. 21. < See p. 12. ^ Test, de Nevil, p. 258,
« Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. ' Rot. Claus. 52 Hen. III. " Esc. 21 Edw. I. no. 28. Cal. vol. i.p. 114.
s Rot. Fin. Buck. 25 Hen. III. "> Test, de Nevil, p. 247. " Rot. Hund. 39 Hen. III. vol. i. p. 23.
" Rot. Fin. Buck. 16 Edw. III. '^ lb. 15 Edw. II. '* Esc. 17 Edw. II. no. 17. vol. i. p. 317.
'5 See page 32, and Rot. Fin. 6 Edw. III. "^ See Pedigree of Hampden.
VOL. I. R
122 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
of meadow," which WiUiam Fitz-John, and Joane his wife, late wife of Thomas Bucktotte,
held during her life, with reversion to Edmund Hampden and his heirs ; this estate being specially
exempted from the operation of the Act of Resumption of Crown Lands, afterwards passed.
In 1549 John Burlacc passed a fine of the mediety of the manor of Chcarsley, as his right,
to Thomas Pakington and Dorothy his wife.'
The subsequent descent of this property, or its union with the principal manorial estate of
Chcarsley, have been in vain attempted to be traced.
The family of Brightwell, of note here from the reign of King Henry VII. until the time
of the Revolution, occurs amongst the gentry of Buckinghamshire. Michael Brightwell was
Curate of Chcarsley in 1483 ; and Nicholas Brightwell, of Haddenham, is mentioned in a fine
passed in 1505. The parish register has a copious list of names of the familj^, but of the
descent of their property in Chcarsley no authentic account has been discovered.
PEDIGREE OF BRIGHTWELL.
From Hailelao MSS. 1533, 30 b. ; Chcarsley Register; and Willis's MSS.
j^rms. Arg. on a cross S. five fusils Or, Hurl. MSS. Willis, from Gwlllim, describes tlie arms of Briglitivell
four pieces Or : and in another, as a cross S. charged with five bezants.
Walter 1?right\vei,i,, of Cherslci/.^
•loHN Brk
John Brightwell, of Chcrde,j.=^MARV, daughter of Henry Birt, of Chilto:
Maryan, dau. of John Man,=j=THOMAS Brightwell, of Chers-=IsABELL, dau. of John Randall,
of Ast.m, CO. Oxon. | ley, bur. 5 July, 1G08. of Shlllingford, co. Oxon.
»NE, bur. at Chcarsley, 25 Sept. 1607. Thomas Brightwell.=j=Anne. Mary, bap. 7 Nov. 1577.
John Brightwell, bap. 12-pELizABETH Barber or Thomas, bur. Susan, mar. 26 Nov. 1646, .... 1" daughters, bur. II Feb. 1638, un-
iMay, 1604, Churchwarden I Barnet, mar. 16 Feb. 1 7 Sept. 1 63 1 . to Richard Brooke. ..../baptised."
of Cbearslcy 1652. j 1653: bu. 7 Nov. 1673. AN^E, bap. 29 Nov. 1618. Elizabeth, bur. 4 April, 1634.
John Brigmtwell, bap. 29 Thomas, bap. 12 April, 1660. William, bap. 1 1 Dec. Samuel, b. 13 Sept. 1666. Hannah, bur
April : bur. 16 June, 1656. John, bap. 17 Oct. 1661. 1662: bur. 21 Nov. 1695. Edward, bap.31 July, 1668. 1 Mar. 1672.
THE VILLAGE,
about eight miles from Aylesbury and three from Thame, is situated on the slope of an irregular
hill, near the course of the river Thame, and consists chiefly of farm-houses and cottages.
At the intersection of old track-ways from Chilton, Crendon, Cuddington, and Winchcndon^
several skeletons have been dug up ; which seem to confirm the traditionary account of this being
the site of the gallows, one of the feudal privileges of the ancient Lords of the place.
In 1598 Chcarsley was assessed to the provision money for Queen Elizabeth's household, at
'26.y. 10^. per unn.
In 1709 here were 38 families, consisting of 170 inhabitants.- In 1810 the number of inha-
bitants was 217; but there are many discrepancies in the returns. In 1821, families 64, houses
58, male inhabitants 128, and females 128.^ In 1776, expenses of the poor 49/. 0.s. 6</. In
1783, 24/. 8,v. In 1813, 464/. Church-rate, County-rate, and Highways, 93/. In 1815, expenses
uf the poor 50/. In 1822, 235/. 17*. In 1824, 248/.
Rot. Fin. 3 Etlw. VI. « Willis's MSS. •• Paroch. Ret. 1 Geo. IV. c. 9k Abstract, p, 13.
CHEARSLEY. 123
IMPROPRIATE RECTORY, ADVOWSON, AND PERPETUAL CURACY.
Chearsley was originally a Chapelry to Crendon, and was included by Walter GifFard, Earl of
Buckingham, and the Countess Ermengard, in their endowment of Notlcy Abbey. It was given
for the sitstentation of the Monks,' and is mentioned in a confirmation charter of King John.^
In the reign of Henry III. the Abbat of Notley held one virgate of land here, of the fee of
Richard le Knight, under the honour of Walingford.^ In the Taxation of Pope Nicholas IV,
(circ. 1291) the Abbat held in rents, and services by bondmen in Chearsley, Ws.per ann^
The church was made parochial, with rights of sepulture, by licence 23d Feb. 1458, from John
Chetwode, Bishop of Lincoln.
At the surrender of Notley Abbey, the Rectory was estimated at 10/. 10a'. subject to a pension
of lis. to the Rector of Ickford:^ and the Impropriation coming to the Crown, was granted to-
wards the endowment of the cathedral church of Oxford,^ and " Cherdesley-iveW^ Parsonage, parcel
of the late monastery of Notley," was part of the spiritualities, rated at 3/. 6*-. 8^/. per ami.
In 1549 King Edward VI. granted to John Howe and John Broxholme, their heirs, &c. one
rood of land in Chearsley, in the west part of the meadow, late in the occupation of John Griffin,
formerly belonging to a dissolved chantry.'^
In 1578 Queen Elizabeth demised "the Rectory and Church of Chardeslei/,'' &c. to Nicholas
Clark and Helen Towers, widow, and William Fitz-William, jun. for their respective lives -.^ and
in 1587, in exchange for other lands by Thomas Field, Esq. of Milgate, in Kent, and others, on
the petition of Robert Earl of Essex, demised the same Rectory and Advowson to Edward Down-
inge and Miles Downinge, Gents, their heirs and assigns for ever, at 60s. lOd. per ami. and
6/. 13a\ 4rf. to the Curate of Ashendon, and 5^. lOr/. for bread and wine."*
In 1671 the reserved rent, as above, was granted, inter alia, to George Gosnold, Gent, of
Beaconsfield."
In 1680 the Churchwardens certified that there was neither vicarage-house nor glebe-land, the
stipend of the Minister being only twenty nobles per year, paid out of the Impropriation. '^
THE PERPETUAL CURACY,
sometimes called a Donative, is subject to episcopal and archdiaconal visitation : discharged from
the payment of First-Fruits and Tenths, and rated in the King's Books at 6/. \5s. per ann.^^ the
right of advowson and nomination being appendant to the possession of the Impropriate Rectory.
' See Crendon. ' Rot. Cart. m. 13. 55. Cal. p. 7. ^ Rot. Hund. 39 Hen. III. vol. i. p. 23.
* Taxat. P. Nic. p. 46. ^ Val. Eccles. temp. Hen. VHI. vol. ii. p. 233.
« Rot. Pat. 34 Hen. VHI. Test. 15 Sep.
' From this appellation it may be conjectured that there was one of those salubrious springs, which in ancient times
not unfrequently gave rise to the establishment of cells for devotional purposes, and whence originated those
superstitious observances vvhich afterwards were suppressed by royal authority, when the resort to them had degene-
rated into licentiousness and impiety.
* Rot. Pat. 3 Edw. VI. Test. 5 Jun. » Rot. Pat. 21 Eliz. Test. 11 Feb. '° Rot. Pat. 30 Eliz. Test. 9 Feb.
" Rot. Pat. 23 Car. H. -^ Terrier inter MSS. Willis, in Bibl.Bodl.
" Ecton's and Bacon's Thesaur.
124
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
In 1718 the Curacy was augmented M^ith 200/. from Queen Anne's Bounty; in 1784 with
200Z. ; and in 1810 with 200/. by a ParHamentary grant: which sums have been laid out in the
purchase of lands in Chearsley, Long-Crcndon, Nether-Winchendon, and Buckland. In 1810
the income of the Minister was returned at 47/. per unn. surplice-fees included : but there was no
house.' In 1818 it was returned at 50/. per aim. having been increased by improvement of
the lands.
PERPETUAL CURATES.
Michael Brightwell, 1483.
William Canon, 1525 and 1536.
John Byley, 1545 and 1561.
Francis Barton, 1598.
Nicholas Barton, 1598 and 1604.
John Pirn, or Pimme, 1604 and 1617: was also Cu-
rate of Boarstall and Brill.
Francis Treble, 1630 ; called the elder, when he was
buried here l§th Jan. 1662.^
No more names of Curates were discovered by Willis
xmtil
Francis Fryer served this Church, and Nether Win-
chendon, in 1703.
John Churchley, stiled Curate in 1709 and 1713.
Nicholas Maund, 1713.
William Beyner, 1717 and 1720. He was of Christ
Church, Oxon. A. M. 9 July 1720.
John Kipling, A. M. 1725 : was Master of Thame
School; also. Perpetual Curate of Ashendon with
Dorton.^
Charles Kipling, A. M. 1769. He was also Minister
of Asliendon, Vicar of Oakley, and Pei-petual Curate
of Chilton; and at his death was succeeded by his
eldest son,
John Kipling, A. M. 1810. He was of Lincoln
College, Oxford, A.M. 14 April 1790, Perpetual Cu-
rate of Nether-Winchendon, and of Chilton,' and
Vicar of Oakley.
THE CHURCH,
dedicated to St. Nicholas, stands within an entrenchment apparently designed to protect a ford or
passage through the Thame, and consists of an embattled tower about sixteen feet square and
forty feet high, having at the S. W. angle a turret with a conical roof, on which is a vane ; a nave
about fifty feet long ; and a chancel twenty-five feet. On the south side is a gable-roofed
porch with stone sediles ; the door under a pointed arch ; and another small narrow door into the
chancel, also with a pointed arch ; between two mullioncd windows with cinquefoil-headcd lights
and plain moldings. The north door of the nave is closed with masonry, excepting a small por-
tion of the arch above. On the eastern gable of the nave is a sculptured cross within a lozenge
engrailed. The tower contains three small bells and a saint's bell. One of the former is inscribed?
" S'c'e Panic, ora pro nobis." The west window has cinepiefoil-beaded lights, and slipped trefoils in
the spandrils ; and at the east end of the chancel is a larger window than the rest, under a bracket-
arch with cross mullions and many small trefoil-headed lights.
Near the south door is a cavity for a piscina ; another in the south wall of the chancel, under a
cinquefoil-headcd arch ; and a third at the east end.
Between the nave and chancel is a pointed arch, with a pierced and carved screen of wainscot
in the lower part of it.
The font, which is large and circular, is on the north side of the nave, supported by an octagon
column on a circular plinth, and having a border of trefoils encircling the verge, which is orna-
mented with foliage.
1 Account of Benefices, p. 130.
Par. Regist.
See p. 36.
* SeeCniLTON.
CHEARSLEY.
125
On the front of a gallery at the west end of the nave : —
"The church beautified, the sentences, &c. inscribed, 1768. William Parrott, William Egel-
ton. Churchwardens.
"J. Kipling, A. M. Curate of this Parish, Lady Day, 1722.
" This gallery built 1761. Thomas Egelton, Thomas Plested, Churchwardens."
Affixed to a slab in the middle of the chancel are the effigies here represented :
At the feet of the principal figures in German text :
Her' lyth John Ffrankeleyn and Margarete hys wyff, whicli ordeyned | leystowe to this Chirche, and divir
service to be doone every holyday in the yer'. A". Mocccclxij. on whos' soides God have mercy'. Amen.
126
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
On an ordinary stone in the nave :
In memory of Ann, wife of William Egelton, died
.Sept. 3, 1778, aged 24.
Death seiz'd upon me in my blooming years,
And left my friends behind me all in tears :
My life was much desir'd, but God said No !
Since 'twas God's will, contented will I go.
On another:
In memory of William Egelton, who died 21 Sept.
1T92, aged 46.
Weep not for me, my wife and children dear,
I am not dead, but do sleep here :
In this cold grave I be at rest,
In hopes to rise among the just.
On a mural tablet on the south side of the
chancel :
In memory of Thomas Egelton, who died Aug. 20,
1772, aged 67.
Also, Sarah his wife, died June 22d, 1788, aged 82.
On another, of marble :
Hie jacet
Job. Kipling, A. M. Scholte
Thamensis quadraginta annos
magister; hujusce ecclesiee quadraginta
septem annos curio : obdormivit Aprilis 23,
Anno|5?'"!"VJ'''
\ jEtatis 76.
Eliz. Pen. Kipling, daughter of the
Rev. Charles and Pen. Kipling, buried
Feb. 28th, 1766.
On another :
Sacred to the memory of the Rev. Charles Kipling,
A. M. formerly a Fellow of Wadham College, Oxford,
and Perpetual-Curate of this parish, Vicar of Oakley
and Perpetual-Curate of Ashendon, Dorton, and
Chilton, who died April 30, 1810, in the 77tii year of
his age.
Also Penelope, wife of the Rev. Charles Kipling,
who died July 29di 1820, aged 81 years.
On another :
Beneath are deposited the remains of Catherine,
wife of the Rev. John Kipling; who was born August
3d 1773, and died in the prime of Hfe August 2d 1802,
after a lingering and painful illness, which she bore
with singular resolution.
This small memorial of her conjugal affection, and
many amiable virtues, was placed by her sorrowful
husband.
On a lozenge of black marble on the south
side:
Here lies the body of William Barton, Gent, who
died May y« 19th 1710, aged 69 years.'
The Register begins in 1570, and contains amongst other entries the following :
" Memorandum. James Nichols having been chosen Parish Registrar of Chersly, by divers
of the inhabitants, was in February 1653 sworne and approved by me, Alexander Croke, Esq.
one of the Justices of the Peace for this County ; according unto the late Act of Parliament con-
cerning marriages and the registering thereof. In witness whereof I have hereunto subscribed
my name. Alexander Croke."
PAROCHIAL CHARITIES.
Charles Warton bequeathed certain lands in Chears-
Icy towards repairing the Church. In 1825 this
benefaction was of the value of 10/. per arm,
John Harte (benefactor of Brill, Chilton, &c.) be-
queathed by will in 1664, a rent charge for appenticing
poor boj-s of this parish, which in 1786 was returned
of the yearly amount of 1/. 12«. 10c?., issuing out of
lands in Easington, in die possession of Thomas Green-
M'ood.'
' Willis mentions his arms on an achievement: Erm. in a canton Gu. an owl Arg. : and also the following remain-
ing in this Church in his days: Or, a fess crenelle; impaling, Arg. three arches Gu. D' Arches. Arg. a cross Sab.
charged with five bezants: Brighttoell. Arg. three annulets Or, on a chevron Sab. three proper; Baldington.
A chevron between three bucks' heads caboshed : Bucktojl. Sab. an estoile of eight points Arg — MSS. in Bibl.
Bodl. ^ ■' Charitable Returns.
CHILTON WITH EASINGTON. 127
CHILTON WITH EASINGTON.
Chilton, supposed to derive its name from Leleb cold, and ton a town, — (Kennet particularly
mentions its "airy site, elevation, and easternly exposure") is in 51° 48" north, and 56 longi-
tude, west of London.
The Parish, including its hamlet, is bounded on the north by Dorton and Ashendon, on the east
by Chearsley, on the south by Long Crendon and Ickford, and on the west by Oakley and Brill :
and contains about two thousand acres.
The soil is a clayey loam ; with strata of lime and rubble.
THE MANOR OF CHILTON
was held in the Saxon times by Alric Fitz-Goding, one of King Edward's thanes ;' and was given
by the Conqueror to Walter GifFard, who held it at the Norman survey, and was taxed at ten
hides. There was land for ten ploughs. Four hides were demesne, and there were four ploughs :
and ten villeins with four bordars had six ploughs. There were three servants, pasture for three
teams, and wood for one hundred hogs. In the days of King Edward it was estimated at 8/. per
ami. the same when Walter GiiFard first held it, but at the Norman survey 71. ^
Chilton was part of the Honour of GifFard ; and in the division of the lands of Walter, second
Earl of Buckingham, ^ came to the Mareschals Earls of Pembroke, and appears to have been after-
wards partitioned unequally between the Clares Earls of Gloucester, and the Valences Earls of
Pembroke ; the former holding one Knight's fee, and the latter half a Knight's fee : the extent of
these estates respectively, being particularized in divers inquisitions ; by which, in 1313, Gilbert
de Clare Earl of Gloucester and Hertford was found to have died seised of a Knight's fee here,*
and another in Easington : and Hugh de Audley Earl of Gloucester (who married Margaret sister
and heir of the said Gilbert) in 1347,^ of certain fees in Chilton : Hugh Earl of Stafford, grandson
and heir of the said Margaret, of half a Knight's fee here, in 1386 :^ William, brother and heir of
Thomas Earl of Stafford, in 1398:' Edmund Earl of Stafford, his brother, in 1402, ^ and so de-
scending until the forfeiture of the seigniory (which had become vested in the Staffords Dukes of
Buckingham) by the attainder of Edward Duke of Buckingham in the reign of Henry the Eighth.^
The possessions of the Valences in Chilton are mentioned in an inquisition after the death of
William de Valence Earl of Pembroke, in 1295, as half a Knight's fee, held imder him, by Aleanore
de Lucy, and by a subinfeudation in the hands of John de Greneville. '"
' See PoLicoTE, p. 25.
- Terra VValterij Gifard. In Ticheshele Hd. GO. Ipse Walteri' ten' Ciltone, p. x. hid' se def'd'. T'ra' e' x. car'. In
d'nio iiii.hidas, et ibi sunt iiiior car' etx. uill'i cu' iiii. bord' h'nt vi. car'. Ibi iii. serui. P'tu' iii. car'. Silua c. pore'.
Int' totu' ual. vii. lib". Q'do recep' viiito lib' et fntd' T. R. E. Hoc X' tenuit Alric', fili' Coding teign' R. E. Lib.
Censual. vol. i. f. 147.
^ See p. 8. * Esc 8 Edw. II. No. 68. Cal. vol. i. p. 267.
5 lb. 21 Edw. III. no. 59. Cal. vol. ii. p. 138. « lb. 10 Ric. II. no. 38. Cal. vol. iii. p. 138.
■ lb. 22 Ric. II. no, 46. Cal. vol. iii. p. 247. * lb. 4 Hen. IV. no. 41. Cal. vol. iii. p. 288. and Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p.l64.
9 See p. 29. '° Lib. Rub. Scac. 24 Edw. I.
128 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Adoinar dc Valence, Earl of Pembroke, was seised in 1323, in right of himself and Mary his
•wife, of half a Knight's fee in Chilton and Easington, ' which subsequently appears to have be-
longed to Richard Lord Talbot and Ankaret his wife, by descent from his grandmother Elizabeth,
one of the coheirs of Adoniar Earl of Pembroke ; ^ and was held by the heirs of John Fitz-Piers.
The fiimily of Grenville held lands in Chihon, probably granted by Walter Giffard himself soon
after the conquest, for Gerard de Greinvillc held three Knight's fees, of which part was in Chil-
ton, in the time of Henry II. ^ and Sir Eustace de Grenville his nephew (Steward to King John)
was one of the witnesses to a grant of lands in Chilton, with the person and services of Syward, a
villein belonging thereto, circ. 1204, to William Fitz-Nigcl of Boarstall. Another Gerard de Gren-
ville'' held lands here under Gerard the son of Eustace before-mentioned, which, circ. 1243, he
conveyed to Walter dc Burgh : and having married Dionysia, daughter of Henry de Turbeville,
Steward of Gascoigny ; with her consent, settled certain lands in Chilton on their younger son
Ralph.
The former Gerard is in some accounts called the son of Robert, and CoUins's genealogy is not
very intelligible: but Robert de Greinville, second son of Gerard and nephew of Henry de Turbe-
ville,'' having l)ecn enfeoffed in certain lands here, (redeemed out of the hands of William Marcschal
Earl of Pembroke,) and forfeiting his estate amongst the lands of the Normans in the reign of
Henry III. the King in 1246 granted to Paulin or Paul Peover, Steward of his household, all the
lands of the said Robert de Greinville in Chilton ; the Sheriff of Bucks being commanded to deli-
ver seisin of the same, with all the profits which had accrued during the time they had been vested
in the Crown. "^
Paul Peyvre, Sheriff of Bucks and Beds, in 1239 and 1240, was a reputed son of Roger Bishop
of Salisbury by Maud de Ramsbury. '' Besides the lands which he acquired in Chilton, he soon
afterwards obtained part of the estates forfeited by the Norman family of Malet in Bucks and
Herts, &c. ^ Willis styles him of Toddington and Chilton, and he is called by Lysons " the opu-
lent Steward of the Household to King Henry III." 9 In 1247 he was one of the King's Justices, '^
and in 1248, had license to hunt the wolf, cat, &c. in all the royal forests in England, and to be
exempt from services of courts, &c. " He died circ. 1257, leaving Joane his wife surviving, who
transferred the benefit of the marriage of John Peyvre their son, then an infant, to Sir John de
Grey for five hundred marks.'" Sir John de Grey matched the minor with his own daughter ; and
himself marrying Joane Peys're, the widow, without the King's permission, paid a fine of five
hundred niarks. '^ He was Sheriff of Bucks and Beds. (23 Hen. III.) but notwithstanding the au-
thority of Dugdale, respecting the marriage of his daughter to John Peyvre, it is elsewhere related,
that he released his wardship and marriage to Peter Peyvre, an executor of Sir Paul, probably
uncle to the minor, who, according to other accounts, married Emma, daughter of Geoffrey de
' Esc. 17Echv.lI.no. 75. Cal. vol. i, p. 314..
' Esc. 30 Ric. II. no. 51. Cal. vol. iii. p. 208. See also Pedigree of Talbot, p. 27.
3 Lib. Nig. Scaccar. vol. i. f. 189. ^ See Wotton, and Pedigiiees of Grenville.
^ Collins's Peerage, vol. v. p. 279.
^ Rot. Claus.28 Hen. III. m. 9. Test. 31 Maij apud Westniins. Dodsvvorth's MSS.in Bibl. Bodl.
' Blomefield's Norfolk, vol. viii. p. 172.
" Clutterbuck's Herts, vol. ii. p. 527. Rot. Cart. 32 Hen. III. m. 8. Cal. pp. 63, 65.
^ Magn. Brit. vol. i. p. 54.1. ■" Willis's Hundred of Buck. p. 9. " Rot. Cart. 32 Hen. HI. m. 5. Cal. p. 66.
'- Chronic, de Dunstaple, and Clutterbuck's Herts, ib.
'.* Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p.712. Blomefield's Norfolk, vol. viii. p. 172. Rot. Fin. 35 Hen. III. m. 19. Rot. Pip. 36 Hen. III.
CHILTON WITH EASINGTON. 129
Langky. ' Joane dc Grey died in 1256, but Chilton was in 1254 (39 Hen. III.) held by the
heir of Paul Peyvre under the heirs of the Mareschals, for one knight's fee. In 1268, the heir of
John Peyvre was in ward of Queen Eleanor, and some of the Earl of Gloucester's tenants having
forcibly carried away the young heir, proceedings at law ensued against Henry de Swindon, Henry
his servant, Geoffrey de Cravene, and others ; in the course of which the Sheriff was commanded
to proceed to the manor of the Earl of Gloucester in Crendon, and arrest the offenders, who had
resisted the Queen's Bailiffs, and ejected them from the manor of Chilton. ^ In 1271 (56 Hen. III.)
John Peyvre was still in ward of the Queen ; but at his mother's death inherited her dowry, ^ and
died in 1315, seised of this manor, and of half a knight's fee here.'* His son and heir,Paulin, died
in 1323, also seised of Chilton, held under the Honour of Gloucester : ^ and settled on the heirs
of the said Paulin and Elizabeth his wife.^ Nicholas Peyvre, son and heir of John, succeeded to
these possessions, and dying in 1361 (35 Edw. III.) left a son Thomas Peyvre, who levied a fine
of this manor, inter alia, in 1389, by which probably he was enabled to make a settlement upon
the children of his daughter, who died in his lifetime, having been twice married, and both hus-
bands leaving issue by her. Mary, daughter and heir of Thomas Peyvre and Margery his wife,^
was married, first, to Sir Richard de St. Maur, Knt. (son and heir of another Sir Richard de St.
Maur, the elder) who had by her an only daughter, Alice, and dying in 1408 (10 Hen. IV.) his
widow was married, secondly, to John Broughton, Esq. who was a party to the before recited fine.
Alice, their daughter, was born in the house of Thomas Cressy, Esq. citizen and mercer of Lon-
don, in St. Lawrence, Cripplegate, 24 July 1408, ^ and being married to Sir William la Zouche,
Knt. in 1423, he had livery of her inheritance. 9 This William, in consequence of an omission of
one descent in the pedigree of his family, has been often mistaken for his son of the same name,
who was born in 1432, and married Catherine Lenton. The latter held Chilton ; and a fine was
passed between Richard Quartermaine, Esq. Richard Fowler, Thomas Lovedcn, and Henry Ped-
nall, and William GeoiJrey and Joane his wife, of messuages and lands in Chilton, which is '° sup-
posed to have had relation to the settlement of his estates. Sir William la Zouche died 8 Jan.
1468, seised of this manor." John, his son and heir, then about eight years of age,'^ seventh
Lord Zouche, married Joane, sister and coheir of John Lord Dynham, who in 1483, fighting for
King Richard III. was slain in Bosworth field ; arid on the accession of Henry VII. being at-
tainted in Parliament, forfeited his lands to the Crown : whereupon, in 1487, the King, by
Writ of Privy Seal dated 6 March, granted the manor of Chilton cum pert, to Sir John Risley,
Knt. and the heirs of his body, without any service, and also " two hundred acres of land, wood,
and meadow in Chilton, Wotton, and Ham, as parcel thereof, belonging to John Zouche, Knt.
Lord Zouche ; of high treason attainted." '^
Sir John Risley, who was of Whittlebury, co. Northampton, married Joane, daughter and heir
of Richard Osborne, of Kelmarsh, who surviving her husband, was married, secondly, to Sir Chris-
' Clutterbuck's Herts, vol.ii. p. 529.
- Placit. Quo Warrant. 52 Hen. HI. ro. 25. Abbrev. pp. 166, 173, 176. also Dodsworth's 3ISS. vol. xlii. p. 92. Ken-
net's Paroch. Antiq. vol. i. pp. 178, 179. ^ Esc. 2 Edw. I. n°. 65. Cal. vol. i. p. 51.
■< lb. 9 Edw. H. no. 55. Cal. vol. i. p. 173. s ib. 17 Edw. H. no. 67. Cal. vol. i. p. 310.
■^ Rot. Orig. 17 Edw. n. ro. 2. Abbrev. vol. i. p. 271, and Rot. Fin. 17 Edw. H.
' Or Margaret, according to Clutterbuckin Hist, of Herts, vol. ii. p. 529.
s Esc. 2 Hen. VI. and Dug. Bar. torn. ii. p. 90. » Rot. Claus. 2 Hen. VI. m. 12. '" Rot. Fin. 37 Hen. VI.
" Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 692. •" Ibid. Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. i. p. 463.
'2 Rot. Pat. 3 Hen. VII. p. 1, m. 5. Test, apud West, llMar.
VOL. 1. S
130 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
tophcr Garneys, Knt. John, her son, being restored in blood, was the eighth Lord Zouche, and by-
deed (10 May 1529) for the consideration of five hundred marks,' and 6/. 12s. 4d. per ann. to be
paid to Dame Joane Garneys for life, Chilton was conveyed to John Croke, Esq. and a fine was
passed between Thomas Cromwell, Giles Potter, or Pottmer, and Edward Sanders, and Sir John
Zouche, Knt. Lord Zouche and Anne" his wife, of the manor of Chihon, 1000 acres of land, 100
of meadow, 200 of pasture, 200 of wood, and 1 00 shillings rents in Chilton, Wotton, Ham, &c.
the right of John Gostwick.'
John Croke, Esq. was one of the Six Clerks in Chancery;^ and the compiler of " An Explana-
tion of the Ordinances of that Court," undertaken by the command of Gardiner Bishop of Win-
chester and Chancellor ; and appears to have been a considerable purchaser of abbey lands,
having acquired another manor in Chilton ; and Studley and Mcrlake, in Oxfordshire, formerly
belonging to Notley and Sandford. He died in 1554, and by his will, proved 18 Oct. bequeathed
40s. to the poor of Beckley, Studley, and Horton, co. Oxon, and Brill in Bucks, and 20s. to Boar-
stall, Oakley, Ludgershall, Dorton, Wotton, Ashendon cum Po//co^e, Nether AVinchendon, Cherdes-
ley, Crendon, Wormenhall, and Chilton with Easington ; and a gold chain " to young Cicely
Croke," his grand-daughter. ^
Sir John Croke, Knt. his son, was the first Sheriff' for this county, when officially severed from
Bedfordshire. His alliances arc shown in the accompanying table, and also the offices which he
held. He was succeeded in this estate, at his decease in 1()08, by his eldest son Sir John Croke,
Knt. who being Sub Steward of the University of Oxford in 1597, presented twenty-seven volumes
to the Bodleian Library. He was knighted whilst Speaker of the Hon. House of Commons,
and was complimented for his wisdom and discretion ; which especially recommended him to the
favour of Queen Elizabeth ; but like other eminent men he was likewise exposed to obloquy, and
Sir Michael Hicks lampooned him in verses beginning with this couplet :
" Down came Sir John Croke,
And said liis message on his boke," &c.
In his progress to the rank of a Justice of the King's Bench, he held many honourable offices,^
and his arms '^ were placed in the north window of the hall of the Inner Temple and at Serjeant's
Inn. This Judge, with Sir Thomas Fleming, Chief Justice of England, and Sir David Williams,
Knt. ]5residing in a cause between the University of Oxford and the City, respecting watch and
ward, delivered his jiersonal testimony in support of the rights of the University, as having been
exercised without dispute more than thirty years. Lie obtained a grant of lands in Bernwode
Forest, which he held with Chilton until his death in 1G19, his corpse being brought from his house
in Holborn to be interred here ; and the epitaph on his monument being written by himself.^ His
portrait, and another of Dame Katherine his wife, are in the collection of Sir Alexander Croke,
Knt. of Studley Priory ; and two pictures of the same persons with their arms thereon, were, in
1824, removed from Ilillesdcn, formerly the familv scat of the Dentons, to Holkham Hall, in
Norfolk.
Sir John Croke was the editor of a folio volume of Cases decided in the reigns of Llenry VII.
' Croke's Genealogical Hist. p. 401. ' Qii. Susan? ^ ijot. Fin. 21 Hen. VHI.
< See Pedigree of Croke, and Croke's Gcnealog. Hist. p. 3i)7 : also Rot. Pat. '26 Hen. VHI. Test. 11 Jan.
"^ See Pedigree. ^ See Pedigree.
' Gu. a fess between six martlets Arg. quartering. Or, a less nebule Gu. charged with six bezants, between three
annulets of the Second. Willis's MSS.
' Wood's Hist, of Oxford, lib. i. p. 316. Rennet's Paroch, .\ntiq. vol. ii. p. tSO. Croke's Genealog. Hist. p. 181.
CHILTON WITH EASINGTON.
131
and Henry VIII. of others of unknown date ; and some in the time of Edw. I. and Edw. III. and
of Philip and Mary.
Sir John Croke, Knt. his eldest son, succeeded his father in this estate : married two wives, and
at his death in 1640, was succeeded by a son of his own name;' who became very conspicuous.
He raised a troop of horse for the King in the civil war, and was created a Baronet, but the date
of his patent is unknown ; ^ however, he occurs with this title in a deed by which he assigned
certain lands in Chilton to Martha Lloyd and others. ^ Being engaged in '' a most un-
righteous prosecution" of the Incumbent of Chilton,'' he was removed from his office of a Justice
of the Peace for this county, ^ alienated all that remained of his estate after the war, and died, as
is supposed, in London. His only son. Sir Dodsworth Croke, said to have been knighted in his
father's lifetime, by King Charles II. was the last of this family who resided at Chilton, where he
died in obscurity at an advanced age.
PEDIGREE OF CROKE, of CHILTON and EASINGTON.
From Harlelan MSS. Delafield's History of Chilton,
History. Parochial Registers of Chilton, VVaterstock, and Dit
Parochial Antiquities. Wood's Athena?. Croke's Geneah
lemoirs of the House of Cromwell, &c.
!rms. Gu. a fess between si
Hist. p. 231.] Crest.
Le Blount. Arg. a fess nebule Az. interspersed with bezants between three annulets Gu. Heynes. [Croke's Geneali
wo swans' heads, their necks conjoined and intertwined Proper, beaked Gu., collared Or, in each beak an annulet of the last.
Nicholas le Blount, temp. Rich. 2, Grandson of Sir Thomas le Bio
shire, assumed the name of Croke ; and after the death of Henry 4 " live
inghamshire, at Kssendon."
of Warwick,
ostly iu Buck
■=f Agnes, A:
■ daughter of" Walter
I Rycot.
.f John Heynes of Berkshire, by Alicia,
Halle, by Joane, daughter of Fulk
i, alias LE Blount.^^Al
John Croke, alias le Blount, one of the six Clerks in Chancery 1.522 ; Comptroller of the
Hanaper 19
Sept. 1529,=F
Prudence,
3d dau. of Richard Cave, E
q. of Stanford
purchased Chilton, 1529 : Clerk of In
rolments 1534 : Serjeant at Law 1546 : ftl. P. for Ch
ppenham 1547 : Master
on Avon, CO. Northampto
n, by Margaret Saxby, hit
in Chancery 1549 : ob. 2 Sept. 1554
buried at Chilton. Will proved 18 Oct. 1555.
2d wife; mar. about 1529.
dau. of Sir Alexander Un
ton, Knt. of
Sir John Croke, alias le Blount, K
nt. M. P. for Southampton 1571, Bucks 1572 : Hig
h Sheriff of=FELiZABETH,
Chequers, and
Bucks 1575, and knighted by Queen
Elizabeth : Will dated 2 July 1607 : ob. 1 0 Feb. 1608, cet. 78, | of Wadley,
CO. Berks;
mar. 1553: Will dated 1 Feb. 1609: ob.
buried at Chilton.
1 29 June 16
l,oet. 73;
bur. at Chilton
Sir John Croke, Knt.=
-Katherine,
2. Henry=
pBENNET. 3.SlR(i.CR0KE,=
f Mary, 2d
Frances,^
p4. PaulAm-
=SUSANNA
5.W,I.LIAM=
PDOROTUY,
—- T-r-1
1. Cicely, mar.
born 1553, Student of
dau.of Sir '
Croke,
dau. of Knt. born 1 559 :
dau.ofSir
dau. and
broseCrokd,
dau. of
CROKE.Esq.
dau. of
1st, to Edward
the Inner TempleI570:
Michael
Barrister
Robert Bencher of the
TBennet,
coh. of
Student of In
Tho. Coe
(youngest
Rob. Ho-
Bulstri>de,Esq
M.P.torVVindsorl585,
BImmt.Knt.
at Law ;
Honey- Inner Temple
Knt. (Ld.
Fra. Wil-
Temple 18
Esq. of
sL) o'f
neywood,
2dly, to Sir
Loudon 1597 and 1601:
of Iver, and
dead
wood, 1597 : M. P. for
Mayor of
leshorne.
Feb. 1582 :
Boxford,
Studley :
Esq. of
John Browne.
Bench.oftheTem.l591:
Maple Dur-
1607: bur.
Esq. of Berealston :
London)
Esq. of
Barrister 5
CO, Suf-
and of Chil-
Charing,
2. Prudence,
LentReaderl59S:Trea.
ham, Oxon :
at Chil-
Charing, Treasurer of the
of Beach.
Hanney,
July 1590:
folk; wid
ton: Will
CO. Kent.
mar. to Sir Rt.
surer 1598: Speaker of
Lieut, of the
ton.
CO. Inner Temple
ampton;
CO
Bencher 10
1st, of
dated 17
by.Mary 2d
dr. of Rob.
Wingfield.Kt.
the Home of Commons
Tower of
Keut : 1609 : Double
mar.
Berks :
May 1605 :
Tho. Car
Jan. 1638 :
3. Elizabeth,
1601 : Recorder of
London :
ob. Reader 1617:
1603 :ob.
ob.loJuk
Lent Reader
ter, of
codicil 22
at Waters,
mar. to Sir
London : King's Ser-
mar. 2tllv,to
1633, knighted 20 Jun.
1657, bu.
1605,a;t.
1608: of
London
Ap. 1642 .
E>q. of
John Tvrrell,
jeant : Just. K. B. 25
Sir John
hur. 27 1623, at Green-
at Water-
22 : bur.
Cottesmore,
ond Wal-
buried 12
Roy ton, in
ofHerouGate,
June 1608: Will dated
Dormer,
Oct, at wlch : King's
stock.
in St.
CO. Rutland :
thamstow
Dec. at
Leiiham,
CO. Essex : ob.
80ct.l617, at Chilton:
Knt. of Dor-
Water- Serjeant at Law :
[See Pe-
Catharine
ob. in Hare
2dly, of
Chilton.
CO. Essex,
16 Feb. 1631,
ob. in London 23 Jan.
stock, CO. Just. Com. Pleas
digree of
Cree Ch.
Court, Tem-
Hump.
ob.l3Feb.
St. 57,bur. at
1619, aet. 66; bur. at
3d wife
Oxon. 11 Feb. 1624 :
Bennet.]
London.
ple, 25 Aug.
Milward,
1642,
Chilton.
Chilton.
[See Pedi-
gree of
Just K. B. 16-28.
Willdated25May
-
1631.
of Loud,
ob. s. p.
hur. at
Chdtun.
Dormer,
1639; ob. 15
A dau. mar, to Sir Rob.
p. 118.]
Feb. 1641, bur.
at VVaterstock.
Houth, Kut. Attorney
General.
a
b
a
i
See Pedigree.
See p. 136. MS. Deeds.
Croke's Genealog. Hist. p. 487, and Ward's Additions to Greshara Professors MS. in Mus. Brit. p. 36.
* See p. 141. 5 Delafield's Chilton, in Kenuet's Paroch. Antiq.
132
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Elea-
=SlR J0HN=
— ' 1 ,
PRachel, 2. Sir 3. CharlesCroke,
—.To";^
=Anne,
I^w.
Na-
HENRV=fSARAH,ANNE,
'^HO-
Mary, mar. to Anne,=Alex- =pSiHAU,
CnoKE,
dau. and Henrv A. B. of Ch. Ch.
Croke, b.
dr. &
Croke,
tha-
Croke,
dau. of mar. to
MAS
Sir Harhottle dau. &
ANDER
dau. of
youns
Knt. of
heir of Croke, Oxon 1S08 : A.M.
1 594 : of
hr. of
ob. 4
niel
b.l596:
Hen. Will.
Croke,
Grimston.Bt. hr. of
Croke,
Ric.
Chilton :
Sir Will. Knt. lail: ProfofRhe-
Marston,
Ric.
Feb.
Crok
E, ofCh.
Wil- Wal-
Esq. of
Mast, of the Ric.
Esq.de-
Beke,
coll. of
knighted
IBOa by
Wehb, Clk. of toricinGresh.Col.
CO. Oxon.
Hore,
1626,
ob.j.
V. Ch.Ox.
kinson, pole.
the In-
Rolls. Bra-
visee in
Esq. of
Jer-
Knt. of the 14jaD. Ifil3:
Barrist.26
Esq. of
s. p.
17 Jan.
Rector Esq. of
ner
Elizabeth, cey.
remain.
Had-
Mot- Pipe Proctor of Oxford,
comb, 1617. and Rect. of Wa-
Jan.1616:
Mars-
bur. at
IfilO;
of Little
Temple
mar.lst.toT. Esq. of
of his
den-
Gi-
James 1,
M.P. for
ton,co.
Chil-
A.M.
Wad- Bum-
26 Apr.
Lee, Esq. Thame,
uncle.
ham.by
bon
atSalden:
co. Dor- [See terstock 1616 :
set. Pedi- Fellow of Eton Col.
Wallins-
Ox.in.
ton.
ofBraz.
desdon, stead.
1619 :
of Hart- CO.
SirG.
Colu-
thers-
M P. for
fnrd 1625
mar. 8
Rachel.
Nose Col.
by co.Es-
ch'c''"''
well; 2dly, to Oxon,
Croke,
bery
-Shaftes-
bury
GREEof sScp. 1617:Rec-
Croke, tor of ^mers/iam
and 1640:
LentRead.
Nov.
1617 :
Prof, of
Rhetor.
Sarah, sex.
1641 ;
Sir Ric. In- mar.lS
goldsby,K.B. May
Knt.
Just.
Love-
lac*,
of Che- 1621 : D. D. 20
atthelun.
ob. 10
at Gre-
Arthur BETH,
s. p.
Frances, bap. 1616:
K. B.
mar.
Kent,
10 April
IG-IO, act.
eOERS. Jan. 1625: Chap.
=p to K. Charles 1 :
^v mar. 1st, Anne, dr.
ofSirWill. Grene,
Temple :
Serj. at
June
1670,
shamCol.
1619:
Wake, mar. to
D.D. .. Ni
25Sep.l616, ob.22,
ma.lst,toRic. Mar.
ob. at
Stud-
1624,
ob.
54, bur.
Law 21
a;t.69,
B.D.
mar. cho-
Jervoise,Esq. 1622,
ley: bu.
1667,
•rt ir
nt Chil-
Jun.1654:
bur. at
1627 :
18 Jul. las.
ofFreefolk, a:t.22:
at Chil-
act. 67,
■
Knt.ofCn.Milton:
ob. 1670,
Mars-
Rect. of
1627.
CO. Hants ; bur. at
ton, 24
s. p.
(oh. 24 Jul. 1619 :
bur. atBeckley, CO
Oxon; )2dly, Anne,
Kt. 77,hu.
at Mars-
Water-
stock,
2dly, to Sir Chil-
GilesHunger- ton.
Oct.
Chil-
ton.
ton.
D.D.
ford, Knt. of
set. 78.
dr. of John Rivett,
X
25 Jun.
Colston, CO.
-^
Esn.ofBrandeston,
CROKEof^
ARSTON.
1640 :
Wilts. [Le
Croke
CO. Suffolk : died
[See Croke's Ge-
d.l642 :
Neve's Mon.
of Oakley,
at Carlow, Ireland
uealog. Hist. ch. iv.
bur. at
Anglic. 1684,
Marsh-
10 April 1657.=F
sec. 5.]
Waterstock
p. 157]
GlBDON, &C.
Jane, dau.
■^
e,=FSarah viv
SirG
20 Apr.
of Moses Tryon, Esq.=FSiR John Crok
EORGE
John Hen! Croke, S
AMUEL Croke, Mary, Rich.
Croke, of
of Harringv
orth, CO. Northamp-
Knt. of Chilton, i 14 Jan. 1672.
Croke, Kut.
Croke, bap. 7 May bap. 1 April born Adivell, co Oxon.
ton, ob. in
puerp. .1 May 1636,
viv. 1678; ob.
in [MS. Deed] dead ob. 16
80.
ob.l670. 1640, linen- I
642.
1635: and of Little
a?t. 20, bur
at Chilton.
London.
1 May 16
-6.
draper.
ob. iuf. KiMBL
e.
Filia. Sir Dodswohth Choke, Knt. ob. ca:l. 16 Jan. 1728, aet. 84, bur. at Chilton.
This estate beins alienated by the Crokes about 1682, was succcs-sively in the famiHes of Lim-
brey and Hervey:' and Willis mentions Englefield as an intermediate possessor. In or about
1701,^ it was conveyed by Richard Limbrey, Esq. to Edward Hervey, citizen of London, who
died 24 May 1707-8, and descended to another Edward Hervey, who about the time of his corning
of a2;c in 1717, is mentioned in a deed. Helen Hervey, his widow and executrix, by indenture
dated 18 ]\Iay 1739, and Henry Warner, Gent. Sir Boteler Chcrnoeke, Bart, and Villiers Chcr-
noeke, of the University of Oxford, his son by deed, dated 18 January following, conveyed all their
interest in the estate in Chilton to Richard Carter, Esq. There was a double affinity between the
families of Chernocke and Hervey by the marriages of Penelope and Helen, daughters of Sir Pyn-
sent Chernocke, Bart, to Edward and George, the sons of Edward Hervey, who purchased Chilton
manor, &.c. which is displayed in the accompanying pedigree :
PEDIGREE OF HERVEY and CHERNOCKE.
Arg. three pack-saddles Sab. Ilcrvey. Arg.
i crosslcts of the field. Chernocke
Mary, dau. of Sir George Puttenham,:
Knt. ofSherfield, co. Hants.
John Chernocke,
KE, Esq. High Sheriff of Bods. 26, 28, 43=
14 Aug. 1615, a:t. 84 j bur. at Holcott.
=Elizaiieth, dau. of Sir John Arundell, Knt. of 1
RF.Y, davi. of Will. Fordsliam, of
Elton, CO. Cest ob. s. 1).
Lysons's Magn. Brit, vol, i. p. 5^1.
Abstract of Title deeds, commencing 5 June 1708.
CHILTON WITH EASINGTON. 133
ob. 26 JuI.^Agnes, or Anne, da
Sir John Chernocke, Bart. (13 Car. 2) 21 May 1661,=f:Aui)nEY, ilau. of Sir Will. ViUiers, Bart, of Brookesby, Robert Chernocke, of Wanvlck,
of Hulcott, CO. BeJs. ob. Mar. 1680, xt. 61. | co. Leic. eldest brother of GeorgeDuke of Buckingliain. 1673. See Fleet- Marslon.
Bart. Knight of the Shire foi^ANNE, dau. of John Pynsent, Esq. of Combe, Infantes, ob. durante
loveniber 1694, £et. 53. | Surrey, Prothonotary of Common Pleas. partu.
HERVEY.
IR Pynsent Chernocke, Bart. High Sheriff=pHELEN, dau. and coh. of Will. Sir John Villiers, and
f Beds. 1703 : M. P. for Beds. 4 and 12 Boteler, Esq. of Biddenham, Chernocke, many other
Anne ; ob. 2 Sept.
■h bheritt^v^H
4 and 12 E
I I
Penelope, 4th dau. Edward Her-=pHelen, 1. Sir Bote- 2. Pyn- 3. Rev.SiRVn,i.iERsCHER-= I.Eli
Edward Hervev, Esq.
Citizen of London, ob.
24 Maj 1707.
George Hervey, Esq. of:
Tiddington, co. Oxon,
Capt R. N. died at Bath,
buried 12 December 1774
at Chilton. [Parish Re-
gister.]
Barbara, died unmarried 18 July 1813, Eleanor-Maria, died at Bath, bur. Edward Hervey, of New College, Oxon, A. M.=p
ffit. 73, bur. at Chilton. 18 Nov. 1782, at Chilton. 17 June 1747. |
if Rob. Ab- VEY, Esq. died
bot, Esq. ob. 4 at Higliworth,
May 1743, aet. 39, Co. Wilts. 1735.
buried at Chilton.
.ER, Cher- sent, nocke, Bart. Fe
ob. vid. nocke, Bart. ob. inf. New College, Oxon, Pre- ob. inf.
IS M.P.forKeds. bendary of Winchester : 2. Anne.
May 1740: ob. bur. in Winchester 5. Eliza-
1739. celebs. Cathedral. BETH.
Richard Carter, the next possessor of Chilton, was Chief Justice of the Grand Sessions for the
counties of Glamorgan, Brecon, and Radnor; and at his death in 1755, this estate descended ac-
cording to the annexed pedigree :
PEDIGREE OF CARTER of CHILTON.
Arms. Az. two lions combatant Or. Crest: A linn's head erased Or. Carter. Sab. a chev. embattled Or, between three roses Arg. Cornish.
Quarterly, 1 and 4. party per fess Gu. and Arg. within a border Erm. three lioncels ramp, counterchanged ; 2. Arg. a lion ramp, guard. Vert,
crowned Or ; 3. Gu. two bars Or, in chief three bezants. On au escutcheon of pretence Or, two bends Az. On a chief of the last, a fox courant
of the field. Spillman and llWys.
Richard Carter, born at Oxford 1672; of Bal. College, and the Inner Tem])le : Deputy Lieutenant of =f Martha, dau. of Cornish, Vic. of
CO. Buckingham 1715 : Just, of Anglesea, &c, 1720 : Ch. Just, of Glamorgan, Brecon, and Radnor 1721 : I Watlington, co. Oxon; widow of
ob. G Jan. 1755, at. S3, bur. 13 Jan. at Chilton | Blackall, Esq. of Haseley.
George Richard Carter,:
Esq. of Chilton, and of
Warlies, co. Essex ; died
25 Jan. 1771, bur. at Chil-
ton 2 Feb. aet. 51.
Julia-Augusta, sole dau. of James Spillman, Esq. of Thomas Richard Carter, Martha, eld. dau. mar. to Sir Tho-
Warlies, co. Essex, by Hester, sister and cob. of Sir Esq. Barrister at Law, An- mas Auhrev, Bart, of Llantritliyd.
William Willys, Bart, of Fen-Ditton, co. Camb. mar. cestor uf the Carters of [See Pedigree of Audrey, p. 7S.]
It St. George's, Hanover-square, 16 Aug. 1753 ; died Northamptonshire.
1768, bur. 11 Dec. at Chilton.
George Richard Frances-Mary, d. 1761 ; bur. at Chilton Julia-Frances, died 1780, Martha-Catharine, last surviving dau. and
Carter, Esq. ob. 31 Dec. at Llantrithyd ; buried at sole heir, mar. to Sir John Aubrey, Bart, of
1756; bur.atChil- Julia-Augusta, d. 1762 ; bur. at Chll- Chilton 17 Nov. Boarstall and Dorton. [See Pedigree of
ton 19 Sept. ton 27 May, Aubrey, p. 75.]
Martha Catharine, surviving daughter and sole heir of George Richard Carter, Esq. (son of the
Judge) carried this manor, &c. in marriage to Sir John Aubrey, Bart. ' who, after her decease,
without issue, gave the same hy deed, in 1822, to the Hon. Henry Grey Bennet, second son of
Charles fourth Earl of Tankerville, by Emma, second daughter and coheiress of Sir James Cole-
brooke, Bart, sister of Mary, first wife of the said Sir John Aubrey: and by his will in 1825,^ be-
queathed the reversion and remainder, after the decease of the Hon. Henry Grey Bennet, to his
niece Ehzabeth Sophia, wife of Charles Spencer Ricketts, Esq. and her heirs male, in strict settle-
ment, with the rest of his unentailed estates in Dorton, Boarstall, Brill, Oakley, &c.
' See Pedigree of Aubrey, p. 75. ' Ibid.
134
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
PEDIGREE OF COLEBROOKE and BENNET.
Gu. a lion ramp. Arg. ducally crowned Or, on a chief of tlie Last, tliree Cornisli cliouglis Proper. Crest :
andcd Or, resting his foot on a shield. Cold'TOoke. Gu. a bezant between three demi-lioiis ramp. Arg. with
•rai-lion ramp. Arg. holding in his paws a bezant, or charged with a bezant on his neck. Beiinct.
Thom/is CoLEBiiooKE, of Arundel, co. Sussex, ob. I6.90.=p
AMES CoLEBROOKE, citi
ell 12 May 1680 : ob.
am, CO, Kent,
iif London ; bol
Mary Hudson, boi
n at Aruu-T^IVIARY Hudson, t
r. at Chil- loS,'), mar. 2 Jan.
I 17S2-3; bur. 31 J
10 November John Colebrooke, Deputy Paymaster of
; ob. 12 Mar. the Forces in America 1740 : Consul at
March. Cadiz 17-48 : ob. coel. 18 Oct. 1761.
Henrietta,=1. Robert Cole-=Anne,
I'ldestdau.of brooke, Esq. of dr. and
Lord Harry Chllham ; M. P, coll. of
Powlett, for Maiden 1741 John
tiil!7Gl-. Minister Thre-
fl7fi2jtoiheSwiss slier,
Cantons ; ob, at Esq. of
SoissoDs in France Brad-
10 May 1784, ford,
Chilham 28 June Wilts.
1785.
afterwards
Duke of
]5olton : <
22 Decern
ber 1753.
Knt. M. P. f.)r 1
Gatton,
CO.
Surrey :
cr.
12 Oct.
1759
(33 Geo
2)
Baronet
ob.
10 May
7fil,
aet. 37 ;
bur.
at Chilh
, eldest 3. SirGeorge=pMaby, soledau. Dionisia, mar. 1 729 to J. Walker, Esq.
dau.andcoh, Colebrooke, and heir of of Lyneham, co, Wilts : ob, 176'1,
Patrick Gay Mary, ob, innupt.
nor, Esq. of Anne, mar. to J. Symonds, Esq. M. P.
Middlesex : Antigua. [Gent. for city of Hereford : ob. 17«4.
F.S.A. M. p. Mag. vol. Anna-Maria, mar. to W. Paine King,
for Arundel Ixxxviii. P. ii. Esq. of Finshade Abbey, Northampton ;
82.J ob. 2dly, to Edwin Lord Sandys,
la at Hamp- Sarah, mar, to Jerem. Cray, Esq, of
El.tomp, stead 13 August Ibsley, co. Hants. : ob. 1797.
ns, a..t. 79. Charlotte, mar. to John Wicker, Esq.
of Horsham, CO. Sussex : ob. 1795.
Uath-Easton. ;k Rachel.
Esq.ofWal
thamstnw,
CO, Essex;
BENNET.
Charles Bennet, 4th Earl of Tankerville, Great Grandson of Charl
2d Lord Osscdston (cr. 1 90ct. 1714 Earl of Tankerville, in right of 1
wife Marv, sole dau. of Ford Lord Grey of Wark, and Earf of Tan-
kerville) b. 15 Nov, 1743 ; died 7 Dec. 1822. [See Pedigree of | 7 Octobe
Bennet.]
John
icks..
Ja.mes Colebrooke, Mary, born 10 Mar. 1750:
nnlyson; ob. inf. Aubrey, Esq. o{ Borstal!.
20 May 1754, bur. afterwards Bart. ob. 1781, bur. a
It Chilton. Boarstall. [See Pedigree of Aubrey
p. 75.1
Charles Au- He
GUSTUS, 5th 9d
Earl of Tan- her
kerville, born life
28 April
1776.
■GREYBENSr,T,=pG
Sd son, born 5 Decem-
ber 1777, grantee for
life of Chilton manor
and estate ; M. P. for
Shrewsbury 1316,
S23.
ofLd.Will.Rus-
sel, niece of Fra. and
John Dukes of Bed-
ford; mar. 15 May
1816. [SeePEHi-
^xGBEE of RUSSEL.]
yers,' Es""
mar. 27 .Aug
1 — I — I — I — i
Anne, mar. to tin
ir John Wrntteslev, Ban
Hon. and Rev. Williai
Beresfor.l.
Maroaret-Alicia-E.mma, died 12 June 1787
Mahy-Euzabeth.
AuCUSTA-Sul'HlA,
CANON COURT MANOR
acciuired Its name from the Canons of Notley, wlio, in the reign of King John, received a grant
of half a hide of hind here, from Sir Eustace de Greinville, who also transferred to the Ahbat and
Convent the person and services of " William son of Siward de Codington his villein in Chil-
ton ;"' and other benefactions from Robert de Greinville and Eruebach his wife, and Gerard their
son, who granted them ten acres in Chilton, and released to the Convent those services to their
courts here, which Simon son of William, Parson of S/iohhigton owed to Robert de Greinville,
with view of frankpledge, and the homage of his tenants ; " which benefactions were confirmed by-
Gerard de Greinville, son and heir of Robert, by a deed to which Thomas de Buktot was witness.^
Richard de Greinville, son and heir of Gerard, (about 1212,) gave to the Convent four shillings an-
nual rents in Chilton,'' which was confirmed by his son Sir Eustace, by a charter to which Sir
Alexander Hampden, Sheriff' of Bucks between 1248 and 12G2, was witness : aTid John de Grein-
ville, of Chilton, released to the Abbat, &c. all his seigniory over their lands here, with the
homages, wards, reliefs, heriots, escheats, perrpiisites of courts, &c. reserving one penny per aiui.
to be paid to himself and his heirs for all services, ■" Divers confirmations of the half hide of land
Kennct's Pai-och, Antiq,
See Notley in Cuendo
Colli]
i's Peerage, vol. v. p. 280. ' See Policote, p. 33.
Ilegist. de Notley inter MSS. Dugdale, in Mas, Ashinol. Oxon.
CHILTON WITH EASINGTON. 135
given as before mentioned, were made Ijy Reginald de Greinville, Gerald de Greinville son of
Eustace, and Reginald de Hampden, son and heir of Alexander, who married Nichola, daughter of
John de Greinville: and Gerard de Greinville having settled certain lands here upon Walter de
Burgh, ' the latter granted them to the Convent of Notley, together with his mansion court in
Chilton, "totam capitalem curiam meam quam habui in villa de Chilton :" and afterwards A¥illiani
de Greinville, who was the son and heir of Gerard, Ralph his brother, and Henry, son of William,
quitted claim to the Convent in respect to those lands, &c.
Hence it may be inferred, that although the estate of Robert de Greinville in Chilton, had been
seized amongst the lands of the Normans, and granted to the family of Peyvre, William de Grein-
ville, brother of Robert, retained possession of his lands here, and perhaps his descendants might
secure part of the estate by their liberality to the Convent of Notley. Henry de Greinville, son of
William, dying without issue, John, his bi'Other, became his heir, and was probably the same who
with Joane his wife, occurs in a fine passed in 1283 (12 Edw. I.) when their lands in Chihon were
settled on their son John. Another portion of the lands of Notley Abbey was derived
from Roger de St. Faith, who gave one virgate here, to Sewal his son, by whom it was bestowed on
that Convent ; and this was confirmed by Hamon, nephew of Sewal. Walter de St. Faith and
Isabel his wife gave also two acres, and Henry Bernard and Margery his wife, daughter of Walter
de St. Faith, one virgate, which her fiither gave with her in marriage. After her husband's death,
Margery confirmed this donation, ^ and the grant of her father and mother, was confirmed by
William Mareschal, under whom Hamon de St. Faith held his lands in Chilton.'
At the Ecclesiastical taxation, circ. 1291, Notley Abbey lands here, were rated at 6/. 0^. I^d.per
ann. and chattels 1/. 13*. Ad.'^ At the dissolution of rehgious houses, temp. Henry VIII. they
were estimated at 10/. 12*. Ad. per ami. Perquisites of courts 2*. ; rents paid by John Croke As.;
but in the Roll in the Augmentation Office, the possessions of the Abbey were described as
" rents of free and customary tenants, in Chilton, 51. Gs. ; farm of the manor 51. 6*. 8rf. ;" and
" the Recton/." In 1541, the King, in consideration of 225Z. 5*. granted the "Manor of Cannon-
Court, with Harnage-close, Kit's-close, &c. to John Croke, his heirs and assigns for ever, in capite." ^
Canon-Court manor farm had been alienated by the Crokcs in or before 1699 to George Bur-
rows, Esq. who, in 1708, also purchased lands here of Edward Hcrvcy, Esq. who had previously
bought an estate of Mr. Limbrey.*^ These lands descended to his son John Burrows, Esq. were
afterwards in the hands of Thomas Kensey, Esq. Sheriff of Bucks in 1747, and subsequently be-
longed to James Fisher, Esq. of Pimlico, near the City of Westminster : and Elizabeth Fisher, his
daughter and heir, gave for the residence of the Minister and his successors, her mansion house
in Chilton ; and sold the residue of her estate here to Sir John Aubrey, Bart, who included the
same in his gift to the Hon. Henry Grey Bennet, the present possessor.'''
Chilton Grove. " The Grove and Harnage Farms," were severed from the estate of Edward
Hervey, Esq. in the reign of Queen Anne, and purchased by Francis second Earl of Deloraine, at
whose death in 1739, without issue, the same passed to his brother Henry third Earl of Deloraine,
who, dying in January 1740, left by Elizabeth his wife, daughter of John Fenwick, Esq. Henry
fourth Earl of Deloraine, who sold his lands here to Sir John Aubrey, sixth Bart, and they were
included in the gift made by the latter, to the Hon. Henry Grey Bennet, and afterwards subjected
to the entail created by his will.
' MSS. in Biblioth. Ashmol. Oxon. Ex Regist. Xotlcy. ' See Chexdon and Notley.
3 Test, de Nevil. f. 168, p. 31. * Taxat. P. Nicholas, p. 46.
5 Rot. Pat. 33 Hen. VIII. Test. 13 Mar. '^ MS. Deeds. See also p. 132. • See pp. 122, 133.
136 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
CliUton Park. A farm so called, with the remains of a mansion situated at the north-western
an"-lc of this parish, the property and occasional residence of General Fitz WiUiani, was also
purchased by Sir John Aubrey, sixth Baronet, and passed in the same manner as his principal
estates, by will, to Elizabeth Sophia, wife of Charles Spencer Ricketts, Esq. of Dorton House, the
present possessor.
The Sat/er or St. Eloi/ Estate, and Berhhampstead Almslumse Charity. — Whitson or Whit-
sand-Leas, in Chilton, severed from the principal manor, were conveyed by deed 20th Jan. 16(54,
by Sir John Croke, Bart, for a term of 99 years, to Martha Lloyd, and by fines afterwards passed,
and subsequent demises, to which Sir John Croke, Bart. Dame Sarah his wife, Dodsworth Croke,
Esq. his son, and others, were parties, were vested in Mary, widow of John Sayer, Es(j. of
Berhhampstead, co. Herts, who, in pursuance of the will of the said John Sayer (dated 2d July,
1681), havinc; erected an almshouse in Berhhampstead, conveyed to the Right Hon. Sir Stephen
Fox, Knt. Commissioner of the Treasury, Sir Robert Sayer, Knt. of the Inner Temple, and the
Rev. Joseph Sayer, Archdeacon of Lewes and Rector of Great Berhhampstead, and their heirs,
this estate, upon trust " for the yearly payment of 36/. (clear) for the use of the poor people in
the said almshouse;" and in 1690 the parties before mentioned conveyed the premises to trustees ;
and Mary Sayer dying in 1715, and Edward her son in 1721 (intestate), leaving three daughters,
Mary, Judith, and Sarah, who became possessed of this estate, — Peter St. Eloj', Judith Sayer, (and
Sir iiibye Lake and John Buchan, trustees,) in contemplation of a marriage between the said
Peter St. Eloy and Judith Sayer, settled the said lands on Peter and Judith, and their issue: and
Mary Sayer, sister of Judith, having by her will (5th Feb. 1728) devised one moiety of her share
to Sir Bibye Lake, Bart, and his heirs, in trust for her sister, Judith St. Eloy, and her assigns, for
life, with remainder to her heirs, in default to her sister, Sarah, and her heirs ; to whom she
likewise bequeathed the other moiety; and dying soon afterwards,' the said Sarah Sayer, by her will
dated 1 Aug. 1729, bequeathed her interest to Peter St. Eloy and Judith his wife ; and the latter
dying 22d March 1732-3, their daughter Judith inherited the whole estate, which, in pursuance
of the will of Peter St. Eloy, dated 25th Sept. 1760, and subsequent codicils; was after his
death, under a decree in Chancery 22d April 1768, conveyed, about the year 1772, to Mr.
Pardoe: and George Richard Carter, Esq. of Chilton, having been in treaty for the purchase. It
was completed, soon after his decease, by his representatives, passed with the estate of the Carters
to Sir John Aubrev, Bart, and was included in his deed of gift to the Hon. Henry Grey Bennet,
by whom, or his assigns, it is now held, subject to the rent-charge payable to Berkhampstead
almshouse, and to the entail before mentioned.
THE VILLAGE,
which is neat and rural, on a ridge of high land, terminates towards the north with the mansion-
house, the church, on an artificial mount, perhaps a tumulus, or ancient British military work,
and a farm still called Chilton-Camp, on the site of another such work, and certainly near the
track of the Danes when their ravages throughout this part of the country were opposed by
Alfred and Ethel red.
Chilton and Dorton were in the reign of Edward III. taxed together to the assessment called
the Ninth at eleven marks, including the charge upon the temporalities of Notley In these
parishes : and it was certified by John Rolnes, William Yve, Richard Cosyn, Henry le Revc,
' Will proved 3 April 17'29.
CHILTON WITH EASINGTON.
137
Henry Cook, and Richard Bovetoun, assessors, that "the beans and peas were deficient by reason
of the dry summer, and there were no merchants or cattle-dealers here."'
In 1598, Chilton with Easington was assessed to the provision for the Queen's household at
18s. 9d. and Mr. Croke's estate at 48s. Id.^
In 1712, Chilton land tax 211/. 16*. Expenses of the poor in 1776, returned at 971. Is. Id.
In 1783, at 120/. 15*. In 1784, at 72Z. 7*. 6f/. In 1822, at 614/. 13*. In 1823, at 308/. 7*.
In 1824, at 458/. 11*. ^ Population in 1811, houses 63, inhabitants 316. In 1821, houses 68,
families 75, males 181, females 198, total 379.
HILTON HOUSE, ou the north side of the village, near the church,
was built by Sir John Croke, Knt. in the form of the Roman H,
having in the centre of the front an embattled porch covered with
lead, with an ascent of several steps ; and over the door this
inscription, — "Jehovah! turris mea." A stone portal, the en-
trance from the village, is represented in the Initial ; having " Da
GLORiAM Deo!" and "Deus non deseret," and pierced in the stone
parapet and cornice, " Omnia de super."
The old house contained a gallery : in the windows were the arms
of the Crokes and their alliances. In the kitchen, this coat: A
fess nebul6 between three annulets, on a chief three martlets, a crescent for difference ; im-
paling, Arg. a fess between three otters S. each devouring a fish Gu. Crest, a lion couchant. *
In the Rebellion, it was intended to have demolished this house, to prevents its faUing into the
hands of the Parliamentarians ; as appears by the following letter from
Prince Rupert to Sr Will. Campion, Kt. Governor of Boarstall.
" Wliereas I am credibly informed that ye Rebels have a design to fix a Garrison in Chilton-House, a place of
strength, and wdi being possessed by them may much annoy and incommode his Majesty's Quarters. These are there-
ford to authorize and require you, immediately after sight hereof, in case you are not able to putt a Garrison into yf
said House, to demolish, raze, and render it in such a condition that it may not anye wayes be useful to the Enemye.
I shall not prescribe y« waye unto you, but leave that to your own discretion, whereof you may not fail. And for your
soe doing this shall be your sufficient Warrant. Given under my Hand and Scale at Amies, this 27th of Jan. le**.
" Rupert."
This was followed by a counter order the next day, in these terms :
To Sir Wm. Campion, K*. &c. Governor of Borstall.
and doors of Chilton House,
Rupert." ^
The house, notwithstanding these directions, remained until 1740, when it was taken down
"Sir,
" You are only, notwithstanding any former order, to demolish or pull down ye out
ye body of ye House remaining whole. Hereof you are not to fail.
" Oxford, this 28th of Jan. 1644.
MS. Roll, 42 Eliz.
' Inquis. Nonar. p. 339.
4 Willis's MSS. in Bib). Bodl.
5 From original MSS. in the possession of the executors of the late Sir Johi; Aubrey, Bart,
VOL. I. T
Parliamentary Returns.
138 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
by Judge Carter, preparatory to the erection of the modern mansion on its site, after a reduced
model of Buckingham House (subsecjuently called the Queen's Palace) in St. James's Park;
retaining, however, some traces of the old building in the walls, chimneys, and some of the
doorways. • The parterre in front, inclosed with iron palisadoes, opened into an avenue of elms,
intersected by another, near the building. This house was considerably improved by Sir John
Aubrey, Bart. ; contains several handsome apartments ; and amongst the paintings, a three-quarter
length of Judge Carter, dated 1747, in his robes; a family piece of the Kit Katt size,^ repre-
senting three ladies drinking tea, and an old gentleman, in black velvet, with a tye wig of the
fashion of King George the Second : ^ a portrait of Lord William Russel, father of the Hon.
Mrs. Bennet, with other pictures : and since its occupation by the Hon. Henry Grey Bennet,
has become the residence of the Rev. George Chetwode, Minister of Chilton. "
IMPROPRIATTON, ADVOWSON, AND PERPETUAL CURACY.
Walter Giffard, second Earl of Buckingham, and Ermengard his Countess, having confirmed to
the Priory of St. Faith, at Longueville, in Normandy, all the lands given to that house by Walter
Giftard, the founder, added, by a deed attested by Gerard de Greinville, of Chilton, the tithes of
their demesne lands in Chilton, Easington, and some of the neighbouring parishes.^ How long
the foreign house possessed this property is unknown, for the tithes of Chilton are not specified
amongst the possessions of Newton Longueville (a Cell to St. Faith's) which, after the dissolu-
tion of alien priories, '' was given to New College in Oxford, with the tithes of other demesne
lands of the Giffards : and, according to some accounts, the advowson, tithes, glebe, &c. of
Chilton, were, by the same Walter Earl of Buckingham and Ermengard, bestowed upon
Notley-abbey, before 11(54, the church of Chilton being particularized in the confirmation
' Croke's Genealog. Hist. p. 402.
' So called from Christopher Katt, at Chelsea, at whose house a club of eminent wits and patriots ornamented a room
with portraits of this reduced size, to accommodate them to the space allotted for their reception. [Hoare's Hund. of
Mere, p. 131.]
^ Qu. whether designed for the Croke, Hervey, or Carter family, is not ascertained.
* See Chilton and Chetwode.
f Monast. Anglic, vol. iii. p. 111. O. E. CoUins's Peerage, vol. i. Suppl. p.STi. See also Newton Longueville.
* Alien Priories were cells of foreign monasteries in England, the monks being appointed by the head of the religious
house abroad. Some were conventual : chose their own priors, and enjoyed revenues settled by their founders or bene-
factors, paying an obvenlion to the foreign house in token of dependence. Others were entirely under the control of
the foreign heads, who received the whole revenues, and gave to these cells as they thought proper. Their estates
were often seized by the Crown to defray the expenses of foreign wars ; and when peace was made those revenues
were usually restored. King Edward I. seized upon the Alien Priories in 1285, on the breaking out of the French
war; as did also Edward II.; and although his son, Edward III. restored those lands, he afterwards, in 1337, confis-
cated all their estates, and demised thum for twenty-three years: but peace being restored in 1361, the King re-
granted that which he had taken away. Richard II. sequestered their lands, and permitted foreign monasteries to
alienate them for the use or endowment of religious houses in England. Henry IV. restored all the conventual
priories, reserving to the Crown in time of war the payments accustomed to be remitted to foreign abbies : at length, in
the beginning of the reign of Henry V. they were wholly dissolved by an Act of Parliament, (Uymer's Foedera, vol. ix.
p. 283,) their estates given to other establishments, the College of Eton and King's College, Cambridge, being
chiefly endowed out of their lands; but some were bestowed on private persons, and most of those which remained
vested in the Crown in 1440 were given to Archbishop Chicheley for the foundation of his colleges.— [Nichols's
Account of Alien Priories.]
CHILTON WITH EASINGTON. 139
charter of King Johii;^ as appropriated to the sustcntation of the monks, who provided
ministers here in the same manner as at Chearsley and Crendon. Chilton was not exempt from
episcopal jurisdiction, for on an appeal to Thomas le Beke, Bishop of Lincoln, a commission was
issued 7th Dec. L344 (13 Edw. IIL) empowering John Clifton, Abbat of Dorchester, to inquire
into the complaint that "the church of Chilton had been notoriously destitute of perpetual
Vicars," and to ascertain "whether the naonks of Notlcy well supplied the cure ? " ^
Willis conjectured that this produced the pension of 10/. per ami. settled on the Curate,
which, " in consequence of the decreased value of money, dwindled into a comparatively pitiful
income for the minister :" but that stipend was derived from the bequest of Sir George Croke
many years afterwards.
After the dissolution, the advowson was given to Osency, "the Parsonage of Chilton," being
valued at 3Z. 3s. 8d. per ami. and described amongst the spiritualities of that cathedral, as
"parcel of the late monastery of Notley:" and in 1542 the Advowson and Rectory were granted
to the Dean and Chapter of Oxford, and their successors ;^ but being again resumed, the King
by patent (6 Mar. 37 Hen. VIII.) granted to Sir Anthony Lee, Knt. and John Croke, Esq. the
Rectory and Church of Chilton, late in the tenure of John Croke, with all its appurtenances in
Chilton '^ to the said Rectory belonging (excepting the tithes of Dorton), with tenths of grass,
corn, and grain, and all other tenths from the vill and fields of Esingfon, late in the tenure of
Rowland Ridge and his assigns ; and all other lands, &c. in Chilton, late parcel of the possessions
of the cathedral church of Oxford, dissolved, to hold to Sir Anthony Lee and John Croke, in
caplte, by the one hundredth part of a knight's fee, and 21*. Ad. per ami. for Chilton, and 10.S.
per aim. for Eslngton, to be paid into the Court of Augmentations.^
The impropriation and advowson continued to belong to the Crokes until 1650, when they
were mortgaged by John Croke, Esq. and Sarah his wife, with the tithes, glebe, &c. to George
Fleetwood and Edward West, Esqrs. in consideration of 500/. but were probably redeemed: for
Sir George Croke, Knt. Justice of the King's Bench (who appears to have acquired the manor
of Easington of his brother Sir John), settled a payment of 10/. per ami. out of his estate there
upon " the minister of Chilton, on condition of his preaching once at least every Sunday in the
parish church:"^ and the advowson passed with the manor to the Herveys and Carters, until
bequeathed, int. al. by Sir John Aubrey, Bart, to his niece, Elizabeth Sophia, wife of Charles
Spencer Ricketts, Esq.''^ with remainder to her heirs in tail male, as before described.
In a Terrier, dated 20th April 1680, it is stated that "the Vicarage-house consisteth of about
three bay, with a small backside :" that 65. 8f/. was paid yearly to the church by the owners of
Linch-acre, lying in Tacott's-close, in the parish field, and 2*. out of land of Thomas Green." ^
In 1767, the Curacy was augmented with 200/. from Queen Anne's Bounty ; in 1786 with
' See Notley in Crendon.
' " Thomas Ep'us Lincoln, Abbati de Dorcest. ad inquirend. et procedend. contra raonasterium de Notley, an iidem
religiosi eccles. parochial, de Chilton, &c. bene supplent. Nam hactenus perpetuis vicariis notorie destituantur." —
Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bod). Oxon.
3 Rot. Pat, 34- Hen. VIII. p. 6. Test. 15 Sept.
* If the Longueville tithes were merged in the possessions of the convent, which came to the Crown at the dissolu-
tion of the Alien Priories, not being included in the grant to New College, they might have been conveyed by this
patent.
5 Rot Pat. 37 Hen. VIII. Test. 6 Mar. « See above. ' See p. 15. ' Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl.
140
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
200/.; in 1788 with 200/. to meet a benefaction of Anne Baroness Godolphin of 8/. per ami.;
and in 1804 with 200/. to meet a gift of Elizabeth Fisher, who, by deed dated 21 Jan. 1803, had
settled 20/. per ann. with a honse for the minister.' It was exonerated from the payment of
21^. i)d. land-tax,2 and returned of the clear value of 49/. 8s. 3d. per ann.; in 1810 at 64/.; and
in 1818at80/.3
PERPETUAL CURATES.
Roger be Chjkendex, 1483 : supposed to have
been a native of Oxfordshire. '
Leonard de Bor stall, 1525.
Bobert Tayler, 1336.
Bobert Creswell, 1545.
Eandal Eton, 1598 and 1615.
Henry Stubbe, or Stubbs, 1617.
Thornas Saer, 1663, resigned; and was afterwards
V^icar of Ambrosden, co. Oxon.
Bobert Haichins, A. M. 1665. In an address pre-
fixed to an account of his remarkable trial, and with
his name annexed, it is stated, that in 1667 he had been
Chaplain to Sir John Croke, Bart, in his house at
Chilton, and engaged to serve the Cure more than two
3'ears before, at a salai-y of 50/. per ann. ; that having
performed liis duties without receiving any part of his
salary, he obtained from Thomas Hellows, of London,
and William Hellows, of Windsor, an assignment of
the glebe, tithes, &c. of Chilton, granted to them by
lease, under the seal of the Court of Exchequer, by vir-
tue of an extent issued at their suit against Sir John
Croke, Parson, and Impropriator, to secure the pay-
ment of his stipend : and having exhibited his Bill
against the tenants in possession. Sir John Croke, to
defeat the object of it, conspired with others to charge
the Curate with felony, upon which accusation and in-
dictment he was tried at Aylesbury 10th March 1668,
before Sir Matthew Hale, Knt. Lord Chief Baron of
the Exchequer : and being acquitted, afterwards ob-
tained about 120/. in damages from the conspirators,
with an humble submission.'
After Mr. Hawkins quitted Chilton he was instituted
' See p. 136. ' Statute 46 Geo. III. c. 133. ^ Diocesan Returns, pp. 95, 138. ' Willis's MSS.
5 Henry Larimore, an inhabitant of Chilton, attended at the assizes, with twenty-one other witnesses, and deposed that,
on Friday ISth Sept. 1668, between tvvelve and one o'clock at noon, having locked his doors, and left no person in his
house, he went to a hemp-plot about two furlongs distant, and there continued at work with the rest of his family, until
an hour and a half past sun-set, and then returning found his doors wide open : that he ran up stairs into a chamber
above the room in which he usually slept, and hearing a noise helovi, peeped down, between the chinks of the boards,
and saw Mr. Hawkins ransacking a box, out of which he observed him take a white holland apron, a purse containing
two gold rings, two pieces of gold, and several shillings, all which, excepting one or two small pieces of silver, Hawkins
turned out of the purse, and, with the other articles, stole and carried away, running out of the house, with a great
bunch of keys in his hand, and concealed himself in a neighbouring field among beans and weeds : that Larimore, the
witness, on the next day, Saturday I9ch September, having obtained a search warrant from Sir Richard Pii^ot, of
Dodershall, (accompanied by the constable and tithingman,) searched Mr. Hawkins's house, having broken open his
doors for that purpose, in consequence of his refusal to open them ; and in an inner room found, in a basket hanging
on a peg, a gold ring, one of those which he had seen Mr. Hawkins steal : and a five-shilling piece, also his property.
Being cross-examined, he sivore that the box which contained the articles stolen, was locked ; that he believed the lock,
and the locks of the doors, had been opened with a pick-lock key; but admitted that he did not attempt to detain
Hawkins at the time he saw him commit this felony ; and that he searched other houses as well as Mr. Hawkins's for
his goods, notwithstanding he had seen him steal them ; but positively swore to the time and circumstances. Henry
Larimore, his son, confirmed this evidence; and swore that he saw Hawkins run out of the house with a bunch of keys,
and hide himself in a close ; and that his father told him Hawkins had robbed the house. Joane Beanisly, another in-
habitant of Chilton, gave similar testimony. Richard Mayne, constable, deposed that Larimore brought to him a
warrant from Sir Richard Pigot ; that he, with others, searched Mr. Hawkins's house, and Larimore found in a basket
a gold ring and a crown piece, whereupon they conveyed Hawkins before Sir John Croke, who committed him to
CHILTON WITH EASINGTON. 141
to the Vicarage of Beckley, co. Oxon, and Wood with others, for making a forcible entry into Chilton
mentioning this circumstance in his usual style, calls church during the disputes with Sir John Croke, the
Hawkins "a ■poor, if not scandalous Vicar." His name patron." He was buried at Crendon 1671.
does not occur amongst the Oxford Graduates, unless William Evans, 1673, was of Magdalen Coll. Oxon,
as Rob. Hawkins of Balliol Coll. B. D. 7 May 1662: A. M. 7 July 1674, and resigned this Curacy to
notwithstanding the printed account of the trial. Evan Jones, A. B. who was licensed 20 Oct. 1674.
Edtvard Goode, A. M. licensed, 4 Feb. 1667-8. He He was of St. Mary Hall, Oxon, A. M. 2 July 1679,
was also Curate of Long Crendon, and, according to the and living here in 1682.
account of Mr. Hawkins his predecessor, was indicted, Thomas Lyndesay, or Lindesay, A. M. 1685; was a
pi-ison. Upon cross-examination, this witness admitted that Larimore desired him to search other houses, and that he
did not mention having seen Mr. Hawkins commit the robbery ; but said that Mr, Hawkins was present in the room when
Larimore found the articles in the basket. Margaret Larimore, wife of the first witness, spoke to some circumstances
not connected with the robbery, which tended to imphcate Mr. Hawkins in having lurked about the house of another
inhabitant of Chilton in the night, as if with an evil intent. Dodsworth Croke, Esq. son of Sir John, swore that tbe
ring stolen had been pawned by himself to Larimore, and was the property of the latter. Chilton, a shoemaker, being
called to give evidence that Mr. Hawkins had stolen a pair of boots out of his shop, positively denied it, and said that
he had never made any such complaint ; but that Larimore, Dodsworth Croke, and others, had endeavoured to prevail
upon him to obtain a warrant against Hawkins on such a charge, threatened him with an indictment if he refused,
and offered to bear him out to the amount of five hundred pounds if he would do so; in which he was cor-
roborated by other witnesses. For the prisoner, it was proved that two persons present when the house was
searched, detained Mr. Hawkins in the hall, whilst Larimore was searching the pantry, where he pretended to
find the property : that the constable compelled Mr. Hawkins to go before Sir John Croke in preference to any
other magistrate, although he was aware of the disputes between them ; and, in opposition to Dodsworth Croke
and another witness, who swore that he had pledged the five shilling piece found in the basket to Larimore, it
was proved that Larimore had spoken of the loss of the ring and the five-shilling piece nine months before the
time when diat witness attested that the crown piece came into the possession of Larimore. A certificate, signed
by more than one hundred persons was produced, stating their belief of the innocence of Mr. Hawkins; that Larimore
was an anabaptist, an enemy of the Church of England, a hater of the Clergy, and invoterately malicious against Mr.
Hawkins, who had indicted him for absenting himself from church. Mr. Charles Wilcox, a man of good repute,
swore that he was at Larimore's house on the 18th of September, the day of the alleged robbery, from noon until
near night, Larimore being at home and in his company, and not in the fields: that Hawkins was never on Larimore's pre-
mises during that afternoon or evening : — and, upon examination of Sir Richard Pigot's search-warrant, it was found that
it had been obtained on tlie day before that on which the rohbery was sworn to have been committed. Mr. Browne, an
Officer of the Court of King's Bench, who was entrusted with the custody of Sir John Croke, under the authority of
Sir John Lenthall, swore, that on the loth of September, before the pretended robbery, he being in Sir John Croke's
house, and alarmed by a noise, suspecting a contrivance for eifecting the escape of Sir John, arose out of his bed, and
listening at the door of the dining-room, heard Larimore and Sir John Croke discoursing respecting Mr. Hawkins,
when Sir John directed Larimore to go to Sir Richard Pigot, and desire his warrant to search for money and goods,
and then to take Mayne, a constable, and search Mr. Hawkins's house ; and there, said he, " you will find these things,"
and " then charge him with felony; force him before me, and no other Justice, and I will send him to gaol without
ball, and hang him at the next Assizes." At this period of the trial Sir John Croke, who had been seated on the
Bench, suddenly left the Court. The Judge openly mentioned that, on the same morning, a present of sugar-loaves
had been sent to him from Sir John Croke, and shewing the letter which had accompanied them, written by Sir John,
expressed his detestation of the proceedings; and, upon summing up, Mr. Hawkins was immediately acquitted.
The relation of this Trial, first published from Notes ascribed to Sir Matthew Hale, in folio, Lond. 1685, Wood's
Athens, vol. ii. p. 576, was re-printed in 1710, (perhaps on account of the disputes about Dr. Sacheverell,) under the
title of "The perjured Phanatic : or the malicious conspiracy of Sir John Croke, of Chilton, Bart. Justice of Peace in
com. Buck. Henry Larimore, Anabaptist Preacher, and other Phanatics, against the life of Robert Hawkins, M. A.
now living, and late Minister of Chilton, occasioned by his Suit for Tithes, discovered in a tryal at Ailesbury before
the Rt. Hon. Sir Matth. Hale, then Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer, and after Lord Ch. Justice of England. Pub-
lished by his Lordship's command. 2d ed. Lond. printed for W. 1. and sold by I. Morphew, near Stationers' Hall,
1710," fol. 28. Also, Svo, without date, pp. .77.
' Croke's Genealog. Hist. p. 489.
142
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
native of Scotland, son of John Lindesay, Minister of
lilandford. He received his education at Wadham
College, Oxford, being entered there in 1672 ; elected
Scholar in Sept. 1673, created A. B. 6 April 1676;
Fellow and A. M. 13 March 1678. Having been Curate
here during a short time, he was (by favour of Dr. Tho.
Sprat, his fellow Collegian, and perhaps Tutor, after-
wards Bishop of Rochester,) made Rector of Woolwich
in Kent, and Vicar of Blandforti, co. Dorset. He was
also Chaplain to Henry Lord Capel, and attended Sir
Cyril Wyche and William Duncombe, Esq. Lords
Justices, into Ireland : was Chaplain to Arthur Earl of
Essex, Lord Lieutenant there, and 1 July 1693 created
D. D. by diploma, at Oxford : in February following was
appointed Dean of St. Patrick's, in 1695 consecrated
Bishop of Killaloe, in 1713 translated to the See of
Raphoe, and soon afterwards to the Archbishopric of Ar-
magh and Primacy of all Ireland, and died 13 July 1724:
having been the author of a Sermon on Galatians, ch. vi.
ver. 10. preached 1 Dec. 1691, in the church of St.
Mary-le-Bow, London, before the Dorsetshire Society.'
TJiomas White, Curate in 1703 and 1707.
Titiiothii Markhtm, 1709 and 1713. He was also
Curate of Ashendon.''
Nicholas Maiind, 1715 : also Curate of Chearsley.
Nicholas Lisson, 1720.
Christopher Wells, 1726 and 1732.
John Kipling, A. M. 1744.^
Farmer, 1754, " on the nomination of Richard
Carter, Esq."^
Charles Kipling, A. M. 1759; also Perpetual Curate
of Ashendon with Dorton,^ Chearsley,'' and Vicar of
Oakley, and at his death, 30 April 1810, was succeeded
by his eldest son,
John Kipling, A.M. 1810; also Vicar of Oakley,
and Perpetual Curate of Chearsley and Nether Win-
chendon. He resigned in 1829, and was succeeded by
George Chetwode, A. M. of Ch. Ch. Oxford."
The earliest Register reinaiiiing in the posscsssion of the Minister hegins in 1730.
THE CHURCH,
Wood's Atli
See p. 36
er.a-, vol. ii.p. IK)!..
Seep. 12.5.
= See p. 125. ■• Willis's MSS.
Sec Chetwode, and Pedigree of Cuetwode.
CHILTON WITH EASINGTON. 143
dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary, situated at the northern extremity of the village, consists
of a nave, with a square tower on its north side, with plain parapet, buttresses at the angles, and
an hexagonal turret, containing spiral stairs to the roof, which is only a little higher than the con-
tiguous chancel. The south end of the cross aisle projects, with a high gable roof. In the tower
are three small bells, with the date 1G86 ; and on the tenor, " Thomas Saunders, C. W." Over the
porch, is a small apartment, probably the dormitory of the priest who attended the lights kept
burning in the church. The stairs to this little cell are within an octagon turret, in the north-
west angle, between the porch and the nave. At the east end of the nave, above the roof of the
chancel, is the statue of a crusader in chain mail, with a close round cap, and a sword (partly
broken) in a loose belt. Delafield conjectured it to have been designed for the founder, in-
ferring from the form of the building that it was erected by one of that order, about the time of
Edward III. This statue was, undoubtedly, first deposited on the ground, and afterwards elevated
to its present situation : but the architecture of the steeple, the acutely pointed arch at its base,
and another of similar form between the nave and chancel, with the lancet-shaped windows in
the north wall, as well as the armour, point to an earlier period than is mentioned by Delafield.
Perhaps, when the burial place of the Crokes (contiguous to the south side of the chancel,
and connected with it by a Tudor arch) was erected, the south end of the cross aisle was lengthened,
and the statue, which might have previously lain in a niche or anchoret, then removed. This idea
seems to be countenanced by the discovery in 1828, of a stone coffin inmiediatcly under the pave-
ment, in a line with the exterior wall of the Croke aisle, and a little within the end of the cross
aisle, in which last the window is more modern than the rest. The coffin was six feet ten Inches
long, two feet four inches wide at the head, tapering to sixteen inches at the foot, three inches
thick, with a circular cavity for the skull, and covered with a prismatic lid seven feet long and
eight inches in thickness at the central ridge. Within were the bones of an adult person,
of a reddish tint, but without any vestige of dress or ornament. Whether these were the remains
of the founder, of Paul Peyvre, Steward to King Henry III. or one of his descendants, or of
one of the Grenvilles, whose forfeited lands were given to the Peyvres, may be the subject of
conjecture.
At the east end of the nave, on the south side of the entrance into the chancel, was a handsome
stone pulpit, with an ascent of several steps. Part of another flight terminating abruptly, was
supposed by Delafield to have belonged to a desk and a pulpit. Others conjecture it part of an
elevated seat for the Abbat of Notley, or of a desk from which the legends of the Saints were read:
but it was more probably the ascent to the rood loft. ' They have been, like many architectural
ornaments of churches in this county, sacrificed to tasteless innovation ; and blocked up
with masonry ; the modern pulpit being removed from the north side of the nave and placed
against the wall in which the fine old stone one is inclosed : a gothic niche, which held an hour-
glass, close to the old pulpit, was also destroyed ; the iron frame only remaining in 1829.
The alms-box, or truncus, another relic of " the oulden times," was likewise taken away when
the open seats were replaced by modern pews.^
' Gent. Mag. vol. Ixxviii. P. ii. p. 674.
■^ Kennet says that this was often the depository of contributions in aid of the ecclesiastics of small vicarages, and
made no inconsiderable portion of their emoluments. " Vicarius habebit oblationes quascunque ad truncos, tam in dict^
ecclesi^ et quam alibi infra parochiam ipsius ecclesis factas.'" Paroch. Antiq. However, in later times it was chiefly
destined for the poor ; all persons being prohibited by Statute from making " open or common dole," or " giving any
money in alms, but to the common boxes and gatherings in every parish, on pain of forfeiting ten times so much," Stat.
27 Hen. VHI. c. 25. Pickering, vol. iv. p. 388 : also Stat. 31 Hen. VHI. c. 7.
144
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
On a neat mural monument on the south
side of tlie nave :
In nienioriam
Penelopei Georgii Heruey,
uxoris benemerentis
uifelix maritus : hoc saxum
posiiit,
conjux cliarissiiiia, minquam
oblivisceiula.
Has lachrymas accipe,
nihil ultra datum est.
Ob. 4 die Mail,
1743,
aetatis suae 39.
Arms : Arg. 3 packsaddles on a bend Az. three cross
crosslets Arg.
At the west end of the nave, on the compart-
ments of a monumental skreen of white marble,
adorned with Corinthian pillars (erected by
Judge Carter in his lifetime), arc the following
inscriptions : — On the central tablet ;
Under this monument, interred in the vault, lie the
remains of Richard Carter, Esq. Patron of the Church,
and Lord of the Manor of Chilton, native of the City
of Oxford, and early in his youth a member of Baliol
College, in that University, from whence he removed
to the Inner Temple, London.
In the reign of Queen Anne he was put into the
Commission of the Peace for the county of Oxford.
In the year 1715, under the appointment of Francis
Earl of Godolphin, Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotu-
lorum, he was made a Deputy Lieutenant of that
County.
In 1719-20, he was appointed Junior Judge for the
Counties of Anglesea, Carnarvon, and Merioneth, in
North Wales : and the year following was advanced to
the dignity of Chief Justice of the Grand Sessions for
the Counties of Glamorgan, Brecon, and Radnor, in
South Wales, in which he continued to the time of his
death : maintaining always the true character of a just
Magistrate, and an upright Judge.
He departed this life the 6th of January, A.D. 1755,
aged 83.
On the dexter compartment :
In the vault underneath, lie the remains of George
Itichard Carter, Esq. eldest son of Richard Carter,
Esq. He died January 25th 1771," in the 52d year of
his age, leaving, out of six children by Julia his wife,
only two surviving daughters, Martha Catharine and
Julia Frances.
A sound understanding, a benevolent disposition,
and a peculiar good humour, rendered his character as
truly amiable as his integrity did respectable.
On the sinister compartment :
Interred in the vault beneath, lie the remains of
Julia, the wife of George Richard Carter, Esq. toge-
ther with four of her children. She departed this life
the 4th of Dec. 1768, in the 44th year of her age.
She was a chearful and sincere friend, a charitable
benefactress to the poor; an affectionate wife ; and a
tender mother.
Above the centre of the pediment : Arms of Carter,
impaling Cornish.
On an achievement, the same, with the motto
" Mors janua vitce." On another ; Carter ; with Spill-
mnn, in an escutcheon of pretence : Motto, " In coclo
qtiies."
On a mural tablet on the north side of the
nave :
Julia Frances Carter, youngest daughter of George
Richard Carter, of Chilton House, Esq. and Julia his
wife, died Nov. 2d, 1780, in her 14th year, and is
buried here in the family vault.
She was a pattern to those of her age, and promised,
had her life been extended, to have been, as was her
beloved sister. Lady Aubrey, an ornament to her sex,
and an honour to her station.
On an achievement, the arms of Carter.
On another achievement: Quarterly, 1. Aubrey, 2.
Mansel, 3. Lewis, 4. Arg. two bars Gu. in dexter
chief a mullet : with two escutcheons of pretence on the
dexter and sinister sides, for Colehroke and Carter.
Motto, " In coelo quies." ""
On a black marble in the pavement :
Here liedi interred the body of Mrs. Mary Ince,
sister of Mr. William Ince, of Chilton Park, who died
Oct. 11, 1738, aged 48.
There was also formerly a sepulchral stone for Mr.
Abiel Benson, who died 17 March 17... aged 61 years,
and another with this inscription :
Ruried 2 Feb. Chilton Resist.
For Dame Martha Catliarinc, second wife of Sir John Aubrey, Bart.
CHILTON WITH EASINGTON.
145
Here lyeth the body of Dorothy, the wife of Wm.
Benson, and daugliter of John Hart, Gent, sometime of
Chilton, who dyed May the 10th A. D. 1681, being 55
years of age. '
On a slab within the communion rails :
Here lyeth tlie body of William Croke, Esq. late of
Chilton, in the County of Bucks, son of Alexander
Croke, Esq. by his second wife, who dyed October the
6th, 1702, in the 77th year of his age. He married
Susan, the daughter of Edward Fettiplace, Esquire, of
Swinbrook, in the county of Oxon, by whom he had
six sons and five daughters.
Arms : Croke, with an annulet, impaling two chev-
rons, Fettiplace.
On another, of black marble :
Here lyeth the body of William Croke, Gent, eldest
son of William Croke, Esq. late of Chilton, in the
county of Bucks, who dyed the 10th of January 1705.
On another :
Here lyethe the body of Susannah Croke, wife of
William Croke, Esq. late of Chilton, in the county of
Bucks, and daughter of Edward Fettiplace, Esquire, of
Swinbrook, in the county of Oxford. She departed
this life the 17th of May in the 86ih year of her age,
and in the year of our Lord 1712.
Arms : Croke, impaling Fettiplace.
On another :
Here lyeth the body of Sarah Croke, eldest daugh-
ter of William Croke, Esq. of Chilton, who died
April the 6th, in the year of our Lord 1726, in the
74th year of her age.
Arms : Croke, with an annulet,
On another :
Here lyeth the body of Alexander Croke, Rector of
Hartwell, in the county of Bucks, second son of Wil-
liam Croke, Esquire, of Chilton. He married Jane,
the third daughter of Anthony Eyans, Esquire, of Beg-
brooke, in the county of Oxford, by whom he had issue
two sons and three daughters. He dyed November the
XXVII, in the year of our Lord 1726, in the 69th year
of his age.
Arms : Croke, with a crescent, impaling a fess charged
with three roundels : in chief a grey-hound courant ;
Eyans.
On another :
Here lyeth the body of Sarah, the eldest daughter of
Alexander Croke, Clerk, late Rector of Hartwell, in
this county. She died September 25, 1728, in the
25th year of her age :
Mater moerens posuit.
Arms : Croke, in a lozenge : with the crest.
On a small lozenge-shaped stone in the north-
west corner of the floor of the aisle :
Here lyeth the body of Sir Dodsworth Croke, Knt.
and Bart, who died January the 16, 1728, aged 84
years.
On a marble slab, in the chancel :
Here are deposited the remains of Alexander Croke,
of Marsh-Gibbon, Esq. who was born February the
21th, 1704: died June the 15th, 1757.'
And also of Alexander Croke, of Studley, Esq. his
son, who was born Nov. the 27th, 1728 : died Nov.
the aOtli, 1777.^
On a small mural monument near the en-
trance into the chancel :
Within this vault are deposited the remains of Mrs.
B. Hervey, daughter of the late George Hervey, Esq.
of Tiddington, in Oxfordshire, grand-daughter of the
late Sir Pynsent Chemocke, Bt. of Holcott, in Bedford-
shire. She died the 18:h of July 1813, in the 73d year
of her age.
This monument is erected in grateful respect to her
memory by a most sincere friend.
Arms : Az. three packsaddles Or.
On an achievement the same arms, with the motto,
" Sohita ah omni labor e."
In the chancel aisle, the burial place of the
Crokcs, some remains of painted glass are still
extant. On fillets of brass round the verge of a
slab ; in the old text :
'^ Here lyeth buried John Croke, the ealder,
Knyght, sumtyme one of the sjx Clerkys of the Kyngys
Courte of the Chauncery, and afterward the
Maisters of tlie seid Chauncery. He departed the
second day of September. h\ the yere of (jure Lorde
God MCccccLiiij. ^
On another brass, at the west end of the
same marble :
Sit gravis hie somnus, tamen ip'e resurgere sperat.
Marmoreo clausus Crocus in hoc tumulo.
On another, at the east end :
Qui timent Dominum speraverunt in Dominum :
Adjutor eorum et protector eorum est.
Delafield's MSS.
ried 25 June. Par. llegist.
U
3 Buried 8 Dec. Ibid,
146
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Between these inscriptions are four shields
with the arms of Crokc, and Heynes quarterly.'
A large monument in this aisle, which has
been described as " a very comprehensive and
entire family memorial," consists of a basement,
on which are kneeling figures of the sons and
daughters of Sir John Croke, Knt. and Dame
Elizabeth his wife, whose statues lie under an
arch elaborately ornamented, between two Co-
rinthian jiillars of black marble, supporting a
pediment with three shields of arms, between
pyramids. The Knight is in plate armour, with
a large ruflF, pointed beard ; his sword by his
side. On the forefinger of his left hand a
signet. The Ladv in black, with a hood and
ruft'; on her left thumb a ring. Their heads
on cushions. The interior of the arch and re-
cess crowded with ornaments, in small compart-
ments ; representing foliage, fruits, emblematical
devices of time, death, eternity, &c. Above the
principal statues in the recess, on a tablet of
black marble :
" Johannes Crocus, Eques clarissimus, una cum uxore
Elizabetha ex illustri Untonorum familia, qui pariter
suave jugum Christi unanimi in vera pietate consensu
sustulerunt, vitam Deo consecrarunt, opera indigenti-
bus exhibuerunt, exeniplum posteris reliquerunt. In
hoc monumento conditi resurrectionem justorum ex-
pectant.
Johannes obdormivit in Domino 10 die Februarii,
anno Christi 1608, ictatis sua: 78.
EHzabetha obdormivit in Domino vigesimo quarto
Junii, anno Christi 1611, tetatis suiie 73.
Prajvius ad Cliristum propera mea lux, mea vita,
Corda date Christo, metam properemus ad istam ;
Verc igitur fcrlix, et vita et funere Crocus ;
Est bona vita bonis, mors bona grata Deo.
On the centre of the pediment, on a large shield,
widiin a frame of marble, surmounted by a scull encir-
cled with a nimbus, or glory : Arms, quarterly, 1 and 4,
a fess between six martlets : Croke. 2 and 3, a fess ne-
bule between three annulets : Heynes. Over the shield
a Knight's helmet with the crest : on a wreath two
swans' heads, their necks entwined.
On the dexter side, a smaller shield of the same arms
without the crest. On the sinister, another with the
same coat, impaling, quarterly, 1 and 4, Az. a fess
Or, charged with a greyhound courant Sa. between
three spear heads erect Arg. Union. 2. Gu. two
chevrons Arg. 3. Az. three griffins ramp. Arg. '
In front of the tomb the children of Sir John
Croke and Dame Elizabeth kneeling, in the
following order :
1. Sir John Croke, in scarlet robes ermined, as a Judge,
with the coif. His shield of arms affixed to the monu-
ment : Croke, impaling, barry nebule Or andSa. Blount.
2. A babe in swaddling clothes. Arms : Croke, dilFer-
enced with a crescent. 3. Henry Croke : in the welted
gown of an Utter Barrister. Arms : Croke, with a
mullet, impaling, Arg. a chevron between three eagles'
heads erased Az. Honeywood. 4. Sir George Croke,
in a Judge's robes. Arms : Croke, with a martlet ; im-
paling, Gu. a bezant, between three demi-lions coupe
Arg. Bennet. 5. Paul Ambrose ; in a plain bar-gown
as a Reader : with two escutcheons, 1. Croke, with an
annulet; impaling, Gu. a griffin rampant Or, debruised
by a bend Ermine : a chief cheque Or and Gu. Welles-
borne, and 2. Croke, impaling, Arg. in cliief two piles
wavy Gu. Choe. 6. A little boy. Arms : Croke, with
a fleur-de-lis. 7. A youth in a plain short black cloak,
with a small ruff. Arms ; Croke, with a rose. 8. Wil-
liam Croke in armour. Arms : Croke, with a quater-
foil ; impaling, Arg. a chevron between three hawks'
heads erased Az. Honeywood. The three daughters,
habited like their mother, but witii farthingales: 1.
Cicely, has two shields of arms : one, Sa. a buck's head
caboshed Arg. pierced through the mouth with an ar-
row. Or : attired, and between the antlers a cross-
pattee fitclie Or. Bulstrode ; impaling Croke .- the other,
' In Croke's Genealogical Histoiy (p. 401- ) the arms on this monument are described as withoat any quartering or
impalement : but the four shields, in good preservation, display a fess charged with a crescent, between six martlets,
quartering a fess nebulii between three annulets.
•' See Ashmole's Antiq. of Berks, and Monuments and Arms of Unton in Farringdon Church. Also Gent. :Mag. vol.
Ixvi. pan ii. p. 1069, and Croke's Genealog. Hist. p. 45'J.
CHILTON WITH EASINGTON.
147
Gu. within a bordure a chevron between three lions'
jambs erased Arg. armed Az. On a chief Arg. an
eagle displayed Sa. Broivne ; impaling Croke. 2. Pru-
dence; Arms, within a bordure a bend Gu. co-
tised Sa. charged widi three pairs of wings Arg. Wing-
field; impaling Croke. 3. Elizabeth; Arms; Arg.
within a bordure engrailed Gu. two chevrons Az.
Tyrell ; impaling Croke.
In the pavement, near this monument, are two
large marble slabs conjoined, having on fillets
of brass, at the verge, these words :
Here lyeth buried S'' John Croke, Knight, and Lady
Elizabeth his wife, daughter of Sir Alexander Un-
ton. Knight, who lyved marled together 55 yeares 9
monethes and ... dayes, for whome this tombe is made
at the charge and direction of ye saide Lady Elizabeth.
Ye saide John Croke dyed the \Q^^ day of February,
in the yeare of our Lord 1608, and the said Lady Ely-
sabeth dyed the Sl'l^ day of June, in the yeare of our
Lord len.
Affixed to the screen between the aisle and
the chancel, are an old iron helmet, the remains
of gauntlets, and a banner with the crest of
Croke, carved in wood.
At the east end is a small mural monument,
with a recess (between pilasters of black marble,
supporting a pediment with the arms of Tyrell,
impaling Croke,) in which is a lady kneeling,
and behind her, an infant in swaddhng clothes.
On a shield :
Quarterly of eight : L Tyrell. 2. Paly of six, Sa.
and Arg. 3. Croke. 4. Blount. 5. Gu. on a chevron
Arg. three dolphins embowed of the field. 6. Arg. a
cross Sa. between four escallops. 7. Blount. 8. Croke.
On a tablet of black marble below :
Here lyeth Elizabeth Tyrell, late wife of Sir John
Tyrell, of Heron, Knt. and daughter of Sir John Croke,
of Chilton, Knight, who had one daughter named
Doroth}', who died in her infancy : and the said Eliza-
beth died the 16th of February, Anno Domini 1631,
being in the 57th year of her age.
On a brass near the middle of the floor : in
riorum Domini Regis ad Placita coram ipso Rege
tenendum assignata, dum vixerit; qui obiit vicesimo ter-
tio die Januarii, anno Domini 1619, aetatis suae 66.
Epitaphiv' uenerabilis
Viri Johannis Croke,
^quitis Aurati, et
unius Justiciario-
ru' de Banco Re-
gis ad ipso dum
in uiuis esset
conscriptu'.
Dissolvor lastus Christum sitibundus adire
Salvator propera, corpus et euge cape.
Non fuit hffic tristis mea mors, sed janua vitae ;
Non locus est lacrymis, non dolor ullus ibi.
Vita beatorum cum Sanctis undique suavis ;
Nil magis hac dulce est, namq; sopore jaces :
Corpus adit terram pariente' quod pai-iebat
Astra tenent animam, quam dedit ante Deus.
Usq; diem quo n'ra salus dominusq; rede'ptor
Altisonante tuba surgere nos faciat.
Abstergens oculis lacrymas et vincula solve'
Mortis ut eterna' corpora luce micent.
Heec mea spes requies, haec firma fiducia cordis,
Vivere cum Christo, qui mea sola Salus.
Londini obiit, Januarii 23", 1619 ann. agens 66.
Arms: Quarterly, Croke and Blount. Crest, on a
wreath two swans' heads, their necks intertwined and
encircled with an annulet.
On another plate the same arms, impaling nine coats:
1. Blount. 2. Within a bordure charged with ten sal-
tiers two wolves : Ayala.^ 3. Vaire : Beauchamp. 4.
A tower embattled and machicolated : Ayala. " 5. A
pale : Delaford. 6. A chevron between three pheons :
Spicer. 1. A fess dancette between three mullets
pierced : More. 8. A fess between three annulets. 9.
Barry of six Vaire and Ermine.'
Hie jacet Johannes Crocus, Miles, et unus Justicia-
Croke's Geneal. Hist. p. 482.
Ibid, p. 483.
Ibid.
148
AbriENDON HUNDRED.
On a slab :
Here lietli Anne Croke, wife of Alexander Croke,
Esq. daughter and heiress of Richard Brasey, of Thame
in the county of Oxnon, Gent, who dyed the 22d day of
March, An. Dni 1622, and in the 22d year of her age.
God's love and favour is not known alwaies
15y eartlily comforts, or by length of dayes,
For often times we see whom He loves best,
He soonest takes unto his place of rest.
Long life on earth doth but prolong our paine,
In happy death there is the greatest gaine.
On another brass affixed to a slab :
Ave, Viator !
Stay here, thou gentle passenger,
And view this young man's character.
Here lies the bodye of a sonne
Next to his sire, that to God is gone :
The next step forward grandsire holdes,
And great-grandsire third place enfoldes.
Their \'irtues speake their prayses best,
And here their bodyes quiet rest.
Vale, Lector !
Reader, now passe, and credit this.
Who liveth well shall go to bliss ;
And who so runs a holy course.
As these have done whome I rehearse,
When, as hee views this character.
Will wish himself inheritor
Unto such worthyes : men that were
Renowned whilst they lived here.
Hie jacet Edwardus Croke, qui obiit quarto die Fe-
oruarii 1626.
Above are the arms of Crohe, difterenced
with an annulet.
On a black marble in the floor :
M. 8.
Et virtuti ca-lo feliciter receptai
Jana?,
Mosis Tryon de Harringworth,
in agro Northampt. Armig. fil.
Joannis Croke de Chilton in
agro Buckingh. Armig. uxoris ;
quam
parentes piam
maritus fidelem
habuere,
consanguinei caram
omnes amabilem ;
banc,
famili» decus,
conjugis delitias,
\ Literis eruc
^ Fide specta
^ Probit'e ins
em <
amicorum desiderium,
in ipso flore foecunditas
abstulit
IX Maii v'o a puerperio die
A. C. MDCxxxvi. ajtatis xx.
Filiola iinica, tot lachrimarum solatio superstite.
Arms : Croke ; impaling a fess crenelle, between six
estoiles of six rays ; Tyron.
On another marble :
M. S.
Cineres Joannis Crocus de Chilton,
ejus nominis quarti in agro Buckinghamice, Militis
Aurati, hie in urna sunt repositi, qui tuba; novissimae
ad spem anhelant :
Numini devotus,
iditus,
spectatus,
fobit'e insignis.
Parentibus sacer,
Conjugi maritus redamatus,
Liberis pater optimus,
Amicis praesidium.
Qui patriae et principi natus et libatus ; hinc propere
at feliciter fato succubuit. Obiit decimo die Aprili', anno
Domini 1640, £Etatis suas 54.
Relictis tribus filiis et unica filia, quos suscepit ex
Rachele dulci conjuge, filia, et hserede Gulielmi Webb
de Motcomb, in agro Dorcestria;, Militis Aurati.
Non totus pereo.
Arms : Croke, quarterly ; in an escutcheon of pre-
tence Gu. a cross between four falcons : Webb.
On a slab, within the communion rails :
Here, lieth the body of Sarah Croke, second wife of
of Alexander Croke, of Studley, in the county of Ox-
ford, Esquire, and daughter of Richard Beke, of Had-
denham, in the county of Bucks, Esquire. Shee died
in the 67 yeare of her age, & in the yeare of our Lord
1667.
Arms : Croke, with an annulet ; impaling two bars
indented; in chief three annulets : Beke.
On another :
Here lyeth the body of Alexander Croke, Esquire,
some time of Chilton, and afterwards of Studley, in the
county of Oxford, where he died in the 78th year of his
age, and in the yeare of our Lord 1 673, being son of
William Croke, Esquire, and grandson of Sir John
Croke, both of Chilton.
Arms : Croke, impaling, a fess nebule, each piece
charged with an annulet (or a bezant) between three
annulets.
CHILTON WITH EASINGTON. 149
PAROCHIAL CHARITIES.
Nicholas Almon, or Almouxd, in 1628 gave, by deed, to the poor a house and land, which in 1786 were
valued at 5/. per ami. and in the possession of James Muddle."
Sir George Croke, Knt. Justice of the King's Bench, by will, in 1639, endowed his almshouse at Studley, co.
Oxon, with 60/. per ami. issuant out of the Manor, &c. of Easingtoa ; for the abode and support of four poor
men and four women of Chilton, Waterstock, and Beckle}', chosen regularly; who were to receive 2s. each /ler week,
and to have each a separate apartment with a small garden ; half a chaldron of coals or two loads of wood
yearly; a livery gown of broad cloth, called London russet, every alternate year, and in the other, the men two
shirts and the women two shifts. The men, either widowers or bachelors, to be above 60 years old, and the women,
widows or maids, above 50 ; unless lame and not able to work, or blind. The appointment, after the death of the
founder, to be made by Dame Mary Croke during her widowhood ; and after her death by Thomas Croke,
Esq.'' and his male descendants, and, in default, by the possessors of the mansions of Waterstock and Studley
for ever, each having two successive turns of appointment. If none were duly qualified in the parishes before
mentioned ; the election to be made out of any of the neighbouring parishes within six miles. The regulations,
dated 21 Sept. 1639, provide that the inmates shall be " poore indeede, well reputed of for religion and good
conversation ; noe cursers nor common swearers, noe idle persons, noe drunkards, none having committed for-
nication or adultery, noe haunters of alehouses, noe gadders or wanderers abroad, noe tale-bearers, noe busie
bodies, but such as shall live without common scolding or brawlinge, and quietly and peaceably with their
neighbours ; having been borne in, or dwelled ten years at the least, in anie of the towns aforesaid." Pro-
vision was also made for their conduct in the almshouse, and the expulsion of unworthy persons.^
In 1704 a decree was made by William Aubrey, Esq. of Boarstall, Edw. Harte, of Brill, Winwood Serjeant,
of Dinton, and John Tyringham, Esq. of Lower Winchendon, Commissioners tor charitable uses, by a commis-
sion under the Great Seal, dated at Wotton 15tli Dec. and reciting an Inquisition at Wotton, 27 Sept. pre-
ceding; when it was found that there was "issuing out of certain lands in Easington-" an annual rent-charge of
90/. viz. 201. payable to the Minister of Studley, 10/. to the INIinister of Chilton, and 60/. per ami. for the poor
of Studley almshouse, and that there were no feoffees for the said charities : the Commissioners therefore
adjudged that Sir Thomas Lee, Bart, and William Lee, Esq. both of Hartwell, Thomas Ingoldsby, Esq. of
Waldridge, William Croke and Edward Hervey, Esqrs. of Chilton, Alexander Croke, of Hartwell, Clerk,
James Tyrell and John Aldvvorth, Esqrs. their heirs and assigns, should be feoffees of this charity, and upon
the death or removal of any person out of the almshouse, a successor should be chosen out of Chilton, Water-
stock, and Beckley, in order as they are named in the will of the Donor; that the feoffees shall every year pay
into the hands of a trustee, for the use of the poor of the almshouse 60/., for the Minister of Studley 20/., the
Minister of Chilton 10/., by quarterly portions : also 10/. to Mr. Anthony Chapman, Clerk of the Commission,
for his expenses, &c.^
In 1757 a decree was obtained by the Churchwardens and others, confirming the rights of Chilton parish to
its turn of sending a poor person to Studley almshouse.''
' See Brill, p. 116. ' See Pedigree of Croke.
3 See Regulations at large in Croke's Genealogic. Hist. Append, xxx. " Pugg. p. 125.
5 From the original, engrossed in the Petty Bag Office.
^ Edward Hickman, Churchwarden of Chilton, William Bowell and Richard Butcher, Overseers, on behalf of them-
selves and the rest of the parishioners, in a petition (10 July 1757) to the Lords Commissioners for the custody of the
Great Seal, set forth the bequest and deeds of Sir George Croke, Knt. respecting the appointment and election of men
and women to partake of the benefits of Studley Almshouse, after the death of himself, his widow, and son Thomas, and
his heirs male, by tlie owners of the mansions of Waterstock and Beckley ; and of parishioners of Chilton, Waterstock,
and Beckley ; Chilton being first named and having the preference, as they presumed, because the said Sir George
Croke was born there ; and if no such persons duly qualified could be found there, then to be chosen out of any other
parish within six miles, at the discretion of the persons so empowered : reciting the death of Sir George, Dame Mary,
and Thomas Croke ; and the exercise of the right of election by the owners of Waterstock and Studley Houses ; the
150 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
John Hurte bequeathed by will in 1664, 3/. per ami. issuant out of " a manor, lands, and premises " in
Easington,' amounting, in 1786, to 21. 9s. 3c?. per ami. (after deducting 10s. 9d. land tax) for apprenticing a
poor boy of Chilton, under the direction of the parish officers."
TiiEOPHiLus HiGGONs (son of Robert) was born at Chilton about 1578, educated at Thame School : in
1592 Student of Ch. Ch. Oxford, and in 1600 A. M. being puritanically inclined, and a strenuous opponent of
the Romish faith, was made Chaplain to Dr. Ravis, who was promoted from the Deanery of Christ Church to
the See of Gloucester, and afterwards made Bishop of London : and Higgons was preferred to the Lectureship
of St. Dunstan's Fleet-street, where, says Wood, " was a mighty resort to hear him, and he was highly
applauded." However, having married unfortunately, and not meeting with better preferment, he went over to
the Romish Church; spent two years at Douay and St. Omers'; and although his father personally en-
deavoured both by persuasions and authority to withdraw him from his error, without success, he was re-
claimed, in 1610, by Thomas Morton, Dean of Winchester (afterwards Bishop of Durham), and preached at St.
Paul's Cross his public recantation Sermon from Ephesians 2, ch. iv. ver. 7, which was afterwards published, to
show his hearty re-union with the Church of England. He was presented to the Rectory of Hunton, near Maid-
stone, a Peculiar of the Archbishop of Canterburj', and was sequestered and ejected in the Rebellion, and being
sheltered in the house of a friend at Maidstone, died there in 1659, at the age of 80 years, and was buried in
Maidstone chiu-ch-yard, without any memorial.^
EASINGTON.
This hamlet, consisting of a manor farm, and some few cottages on the south side of Chilton
parish, to which it is connected both ecclesiastically and in civil concerns, has been conjectured to
derive its name from its eastern situation as respected Bernwode Forest, but of this there is no
jiroof to be found.
In the Domesday Survey it is called Hesintone, and was distinctly described as the land of
Walter Giffard, held by his stib-feudatory Roger, and taxed at five hides. There was land for four
ploughs ; two in the demesne and two belonging to two villeins. There were two servants, pas-
ture for two teams, altogether estimated at sixty shillings. The manor had belonged to Alric, son
of Godinij,'* who could sell it.^
Commission in 1704- and tlie Decree : also that Thomas Ingolilsby, the sole surviving Trustee, being prevented from
acting, the owners of VVaterstnck and Studley nominated poor persons, but had very often refused to the inhabitants of
Chilton their turn, though " ever burthened with poor duly ejualified for admission to the Charity;" that Diana Ashurst,
widow, owner of tlie Mansion at Waterstock, and \\'illiam Ledwell, Esq. owner of Studley, had placed poor persons in
the Almshouse, and sometimes refused to nominate in turn from Chilton; that on the Kith of July 1751, all parties
concerned in the matter of the said partition were ordered to attend the Lord High Chancellor ; but Diana Ashurst
and William Ledwell who thereupon submitted themselves, and removed the person against whose admission complaint
had been more particularly made, and consented to admit one of the parishioners of Chilton, subsequently insisted upon
tlieir right to select out of the inhabitants of the three parishes before named, at their discretion, notwithstanding the
orders of die Founder : and it was therefore prayed that Diana Ashurst and William Ledwell might be compelled to
nominate a poor person of Chilton in regular course, in future ; which was thereupou ordered accordingly. [MS. copy
of the Decree]
' Abstract of Returns 26 Geo, 111. vol. i. p. 58. See also Brill, p. 1 16. " Paroch. Returns, 55 Geo. III. p. 18, 19.
= Wood's Hist, of Oxford, lib. ii. p. 277 ; and Athenae, vol. ii. p. 210. Also Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 517,
518. Walker's Sufferings of the Clergy, part ii. p. 266. ■* See also page 25.
■^ Terra Walterij Gifard. In Ticheshele Hd. CO' Rogerius ten' do Walterio, Hesintone, p' v. hid' se deft' Tra' e' iiii.
car'. In d'nio sunt. ii. ct v. uilli hn't' ii. Ibi' ii. serui et p'tu' li. car' Val. et ualuit se'p' Ix. sol'. Hoc CO' tenuit Alric"
till' Coding et uende' potuit. Lib. Censual. vol. i. f. 117.
EASINGTON. 151
The seigniory, after the death of Walter second Earl of Buckingham, descended to the
Mareschals Earls of Pembroke.' Waher Earl of Pembroke died in 1245 (30 Hen. III.) seised of
this estate, and Geoffrey de St. Martin held one knight's fee here of the Honour of Crendon of
Mareschal's portion about the same time.- Isabel, third daughter of William Mareschal and co-
heiress of her five brothers successively Earls of Pembroke, carried a portion of this inheritance in
marriage to Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester and Hertford ; and on a partition of their lands
after the death of the Countess of Pembroke and Leicester in 1274 (3 Edw. I.), Gilbert Earl of
Gloucester, called the red, grandson of the said Isabel, acquired this manor. Having been di-
vorced in 1284 from his first wife,^ and aspiring to an alliance with Joane of Acres, the King's
daughter, he surrendered to the Crown all his possessions by a deed dated at Winchester 25 April
1289, and upon the solemnization of the marriage, the King restored all his castles and lands,
•which by a new grant were entailed on his issue by the Princess, and in default on her heirs and
assigns. On the death of Gilbert Earl of Gloucester in 1295, he left a son Gilbert, in infancy,
besides daughters.* Joane was married, secondly, to Ralph de Monthermer, which greatly offended
the King, who seized upon the lands of her dower ; but a reconciliation being effected, they were
restored, and Monthermer was created Earl of Gloucester. Joane died in 1307, seised of Easing-
ton.^ Gilbert, her son, was slain at Bannockbourne in 1313, and his lands being divided between
his sisters, this estate held under him by Nicholas de la Beche during the Hfe of his wife,^ became
the purparty of Margaret, formerly wife of Piers de Gavestone, and then of Hugh de Audley, who
had livery of her lands, and was created, in her right. Earl of Gloucester. Margaret, their sole
daughter was married to Ralph Earl of Stafford, whom she accompanied to the Scottish wars in
1346, and who in the next years had special livery of her inheritance,'' and died in 1372 seised of
this manor ;^ as did his son " Hugh Earl of Stafford at Rhodes on his return from Jerusalem,
26 Sept. 1386.9 Thomas Earl of Stafford, his eldest son, died in 1392 seised of Easington manor
belonging to the Honour of Gloucester,'" and was succeeded by his brother William Earl of Staf-
ford, who died in his minority seised of this manor and half a knight's fee here, held nnder him by
John Hampden."
Edmund Earl of Stafford, his next brother, possessed Easington in 1402,'^ and being slain,'''
was succeeded by his son Humphrey Duke of Buckingham (so created in 1443), who also died
seised ; and this estate descended to his grandson Henry Duke of Buckingham, a parti zan of
Richard III. and being entrusted with the custody of Morton Bishop of Ely, and with that Prelate
concerting measures in opposition to the King,''* and, at length, openly taking up arms, was, upon
the dispersion of his forces, compelled to fly from the vengeance of the Usurper, and being betrayed
in his concealment by an attendant,'^ was taken prisoner, and summarily beheaded at Salisbury, by
command of Richard, "justly falling into the hands of a tyrant, whom, contrary to all justice, he
had raised to the throne." "*
' See AsHENDON, p. 8. ^ See also p. 25. ^ See Crendon, and Pedigree of Clare.
^ Dugdale's Baronage, torn. i. p. 215. '^ Esc. 35 Edw. I. no. 47. Cal. vol. i p. 220.
" Ibid. p. 267. ■ Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 160. ** Esc. 46 Edw. III. no. 62. Cal. vol. ii. p. ,S21.
' Ibid. 11 Ric. II. no. 38. Cal. vol. iii. p. 87. Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 163. Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 171.
'° Esc. 16. Ric. II. no. 27. Cal. vol. iii. p. 152. " Ibid. 22 Ric. II. no. 46. Cal. vol. iii. p. 247.
'^ See Pedigree of Stafford in Ashendon, p. 28. " Esc. 4 Hen. IV. no. 41. Cal. vol. iii. p. 289.
'* See an account of the share which this Duke had in the union of the rival Houses of York and Lancaster in
Daniel's Collection of the Historic of England, p. 235, et seq.
'5 Dugdale's Bar, torn. i. p. 170, and Echard's Hist, of England, p 237.
■^ Holinshed and Dugdale agree in regard to his execution, but the place of his interment was not ascertained
i.j2 ashendon hundred.
Soon after the execution of the Duke of Buckingham, the King by patent (dated 11 Mar.
1 Ric. III.) granted to Christopher Wellcsbourne for hfe, at 8/. Ss.per ami. the manor of Esshjg-
(lon, parcel of the lands of Henry late Duke of Buckingham, attainted. ^ This estate was in 1498
(14 Hen. VII.) restored to Edward, son of Henry Duke of Buckingham, who enjoyed, during
some time, a large .share of royal favour, with the title of Duke of Buckingham ; but was attainted
of high treason, and, 17 May 1521, beheaded on Towcr-hill, and his lands escheated to the Crown.
In 1521, the King granted to Sir Henry Marney, Knt. and his heirs, the manor of Easington,
late belonging to Edward Duke of Buckingham attainted.^ He was descended from the Marncys,
of Leyr Marney, in Essex -.^ and was succeeded in this estate by his son and heir John second
Lord Marney, who having no male issue, and his lands reverting to the Crown, it was granted
by King Henry VIII. in 1525, to William Carey, Esquire of the Body, and his heirs male ;•* Wil-
liam Carey, died seised, and this estate descended to Henry his son an infant, to whom King
Edward VI. in 1552, granted, in consideration of good services, the reversion ; to hold to him,
his heirs, and assigns for ever, in capite, by the service of one knight's fee.^
PEDIGREE OF GARY.
ylrms. Arg. on a bend Sab. three roses of the field. Crest. On a wreath, a swan with wings expanded Proper.
Adam di; Karry, of Castle Karry, co. Somerset.=T=ANNE, dau. of William Trevet.
i, dau. of Sir Richard Staple
William Karrv, ob. 31 Edw. l.=pALiCE, dau. of Sir William Beaumont, Ko
Jau. of Lora=SiRJonN Gary, Knt. Serjeant at Law U Ric. 2. Baron of the=p.MARGARET, dau. and heir of William Holwell, of Holwell,
afford. Exchequer 10 Ric. 2. ob. 1404. I co. Devon, widow of Sir Guj de Brian.
Robert Gary, Esq. of Cockiogton, co. Devon.=pMAR(;ARET dau. of Sir Philip Courtenay, Knt. of Powderham Castle.
I
Philip Gary, Esq. 1 Hen. 6.=pChristian, dau. of Richard Orchard, Esq.; mar. 2dly to James Portman, Esq.
Anme, dau. of Sir William Paulet, Knt. of Hinton=pSiR William Gary, Knt. of =pALiCE, dau. of Baldwin Kulford, of Fulford,
St. George. J{^ Gockington. ( co. Devon.
Thomas Gary, Esq. 2
'I'ewkesbury
=p WilliamCary, Esquire of the hodv=pMARY, dau. and coh. of Thomas Bullen Earl of Wiltshire and
4- to King Henry s. : ob. Jun. 22', Ormond ; mar. 2dly, to William Stafford, Esq.: ob. 1!) July
Ikland. 1528. I 1544.
Sir John Gary, Knt. 1 Edw. 6.=p William Gary, Esquire of the hodv=pM,
Falkland
Henry Gary, jet. 2 years at his father's death ; cr. Lord Hunsdon 13 Jau. 1 Eliz. :=pANNE, dau. of Sir Thomas Morgan, Knt.
ob. 23 July \M6, a:t. 72, bur in Westminster Abbey. ^^ of Arkestoue, co. Hereford.
until the zeiil and diligence of Sir Richard Colt Hoare, Bart, whose attention had been attracted by a remarkable tomb
in the church of Britfurd, near Salisbury, supplied the following particulars : " At one end of this tomb are two shields
with the arms of Stafford and Rivers, and on the base six niches, with a statue in each of them, excepting the
first: the second contains a female figui-e with a coronet on her head, representing the Duchess (of Buckingham) ;
the third a mitred Bishop (Lionel Widville her brother, bishop of Salisbury at the time of the Duke's execution):
in the next a female with a coronet, holding the Duke's bonnet and sword : the fifth contains the figure of the ex-
ecutioner with a sword in his hand ; and the last a female with a child in her arms, deploring the sad event. Thus
we find (Sir Richard Colt Hoare remarks in a letter to the autlior of this work) the fate of this unfortunate Duke ex-
plained as satisfactorily as by an inscription."
' Rot. Pat. 1 Ric. III. Notwithstanding the words of this patent, historians assert that the Duke was beheaded
without arraignment or trial. '^ Rot. Pat. 13 Hen. VHI. Test. 18 Mar.
3 See Pedigree of iMahxev in Kingsev, also Brickiiill and Buckingham.
' Rot. Pat. 17 Hen. \TII. Test. 20 Feb. ^ Hot. Pat. 6 Edw. VI. Test. 22 nos.
EASINGTON. 153
Notley Abhey Lands. GeoiFrey de St. Martin, who held part of Giffard's lands in Esyntou,
in the reign of Henry III. is presumed to have been the same who possessed an estate in Policott,
and witnessed a deed of Walter Borstard, of Boarstall in 1213 (14 Joh.). He gave to the Convent
of Notley certain arable lands here, lying near Hasel hedde, in Esynton field ; ' probably part of
the impropriation of Chilton which in later times became the property of the Crokes. ^
John de Greinville having acquired lands here, formerly held by Thomas de Adingrave and Alice
his wife, as the dower of the said Alice, v.as party to a fine in the reign of Edward I. with Reginald,
Parson of the church of Hampden ; ^ and Nichola, daughter and heir of John de Greinville, car-
ried these lands in marriage to Reginald de Hampden, whose great-grandson, John Hampden, was
in 1398 (22 Ric. H.) seised of half a knight's fee here, held under Thomas Earl of Stafford.
In 1490 a fine was passed of lands in Esyngton between Sir John Don, Knt. William Harte
and others, and John Babyngton and Agnes his wife, John Mansfield and Alice his wife -j"* but the
manor and principal estate here became vested in the family of Croke, who had acquired lands in
this hamlet about the year 1413, soon after the death of King Henry IV.
Nicholas le Blount, alius Croke, of AVarwickshire, lived in the reign of Richard II. and being
one of those conspirators who designed to replace that monarch on the throne after his abdication
in favour of the Duke of Lancaster, whose person they intended to seize at a tournament at Wind-
sor, the new Sovereign having timely notice of the plot, pursued those who had engaged in it with
great resentment. Le Blount, however, contrived to escape to Milan, where he entered into the
military service of that State, and at his return to England changed his name for that of Croke.
He " lived mostly in Buckinghamshire, at Essendon."^ The narrative states, that Carrington and
Fitzwilliams having been two of Croke's companions in exile, under the names of Smith and Eng-
lish, "visited him at Easington, and had mickle mirth together."''
It is not mentioned of whom the estate at Easington was purchased ; and, the Staffords holding
the seigniory during the reigns of Henry IV. V. and VI. it may be presumed that Nicholas le
Blount was a subfeudatory under that family, and acquired the lands of the Hampdens here, or those
which in the reign of Richard II. belonged to the heirs of John Fitz-Piers.
W'hcther he had a pardon from King Henry V. does not appear ;''' but this Nicholas was grand-
father of John Croke, Master in Chancery, who purchased Chilton. The only notice of Easington,
as then belonging to the family, occurs in the bequests of Master Croke in 1.554, of five shillings
to " every of his god-children in Chilton and Esendeu" and " twenty shillings to the poore people of
Chilton and Esenden ;" but without mentioning the manor. However, his grandson Sir John
Croke, Justice of the King's Bench, by will dated 28 Oct. 1617, bequeathed to his "brother
George, a gold ring of one ounce weight, with this inscription, Fides adhibita fidem obligat"
requesting him " by the fraternal love he bore him, to permit his son and heir to re-purchase the
iwdsiOY o{ Easingdon i^'' which notv.dthstanding continued in the possession of Sir George Croke
' Placeam illam terrae arab' quae jacet super Haselbedde in campo de Esyngton. ' See p. liO.
3 Rot. Fin. 29 Edw. I. •> Rot. Fin. 6 Hen. VII. MSS. Le Neve in the Tower of London.
5 Croke's Genealogical Hist, from a document in the family archives, entitled, " An account how tlic Blonts in War-
wickshire changed their name to Croke," Appendix, No. xx.
" Ibid. p. 815. No reason is assigned for the choice of these names; but it is said that Thomas le Blont, a knight of
Warwickshire (temp. Edw. I.) bare for his arms, Gu. a fess between six martlets Arg. : that Nicholas le Blont lived
35 Edw. III. and had a son Nicholas, who, in the time of Richard II. bare the same arms, &c. which coat the Crokes
afterwards took ; and when King Henry IV. was dead, they ventured abroad to see each other, and having " procured
their peace," purchased lands. : Croke's Genealog. Hist. p. 392.
* Obtestans quod vendidi illi Manerium de Esingdon, adjacens Manerio de Chilton pro 750/. quod ipse permitterat
filium meum et heredem illud redimere, &c. Croke's Genealog. from an ancient MS.
VOL. I. X
154 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
until his death. In 1038 (14 Car. I.) Sir George levied a fine of Easington manor (intei^ alia)
and by deed dated 23 May 1639, settled this estate on Sir Harbottlc Griniston, Knt. (his son in
law) and others in trust, charged with the payment of 80/. per ann. to maintain his almshouse at
Studley:' and by his will, dated 25 May, bequeathed this manor and lands to Dame Mary his
wife for life, she remaining unmarried : then to his son Thomas for life, afterwards to his execu-
tors, &c. for 99 years, for the benefit of the children of Thomas Croke by Anne, his then wife,next
to his heirs by any future wife, with remainder in default of such issue to Alexander Croke his
nephew, and his heirs male, subject to certain legacies and annuities.-
Sir Georsje Croke was the third son of Sir John,' was educated first at Thame School, whence,
in 1575, he was removed to Ch. Ch. Oxford, -^ and afterwards to the Inner Temple, of which he
had been admitted a member in 1574.'> He was autumnal Reader at the Inner Temple in 1599:
in 1622 was one of the trustees for the foundation of a Lecture in Natural Philosophy at Oxford,
endowed with an estate at Waddesdon.'' He was knighted 29 June 1623, and on the same day
appointed the Kings Serjeant at Law. In 1627 and 1630 he was one of the Judges who signed
the orders made in Council for the government of the Inns of Court and Chancery. He suc-
ceeded Sir John Dodderidge as a Justice of the King's Bench, and evinced great integrity in that
office ; but was supported only by Sir Richard Hutton, in opposition to all the other Judges in the
Star Chamber, in Mr. Hampden's case of ship-money ; and they both seemed at first to acquiesce
with their brethren, but, after more mature deliberation, refused to sign in favour of the King, and
Jude;c Croke declared, that he thought " Hampden a dangerous man, and one who ought not
to be trusted." In 1640 the House of Commons voted the assessment illegal, and ordered the
elaborate arjjuments of Croke and Hutton to be printed. He retired in his old age to Water-
stock, in Oxfordshire, where a monument is adorned with his statue in his robes, a book in his
right hand, and his left resting on a scull.''
He was tlie autlior of Reports and Select Cases in Law; published by his son-in-law Sir Harbotlle
Griniston; vol. or part i. with the approbation of the Judges, and a Preface, fol. 1G57; vol. or part ii. Cases
during the reign of King James 1659; vol. or part iii. dedicated to King Charles I. 1661. Fourth edition of
Croke's Reports, by Thomas Leach, Esq. Barrister, 4 vols. 1790.
His portrait as a Judge with the coif; left hand on a tablet covered with green cloth, a?t. 66,
A. D. 1626, is at Studley Priory: a half length, with another of his lady, at Gorhambury, co.
Herts :^ a small head, engraved by Hollar, in the Bodleian Library, and impressions therefrom in-
serted in Croke's Genealogical History. A larger by Rob. Vaughan, prefixed to Croke's Reports : ^
' See p. 132, also Oakley. ' Croke's Genealos. Hist. vol. ii. p. 601.
3 See Pedigree of Choke, p. 132. ^ Croke's Genealog. Hist. p. 561.
■^ According to Ant. a Wood he was " a Commoner or Gentleman Commoner of University College." See Athen.
Oxon, vol. ii. p. H, ed. fol. 1721. Chalmers's Hist. vol. i. p. 40; vol. ii. p. 303. Topographer, vol. ii. p. 179.
•^ See Waddesdon.
' The inscription is as folloHs : " Georgius Croke, Eques Auratus, Unas Jiisticiariorum de Banco Kegis, judicio
hnceato et animo praisenti : insignis veritatis ha:res. Quern nee mina; nee honos allexit : Regis auctoritatem et Populi
libertatera ffiquS. lance llbravit. lleligione cordatus : vitfl innocuus : manu expansft, corde jiumili, pauperes erogavit.
IMundum et vitam deseruit anno eetatis lxxxii, anno Regis Caroli xvii.annoq; Dom. mdcxli."
The Oxford Historian characterises him in the following eulogium : " Judicio acri et memoria tenaci fruebatur,
(juibus additk singular! industrifl amplissimam juris cognitionem, maximfe autem in iis quae ad causas agendas spectant,
adeptus est : denique virtutibus intellectualibus morales adjunxit : fidem utique integerrimam, et munificentiam
cre'^'iam, cujus specimen hand vulgare cdidit, cum nosocomiam pauperibus, et capellam ad manerium suum de
Stodeley secus Beckleiani in agro Oxoniensi extruxit, et liberaliter dotavit.
* Pennant's Journey from Chester. » Croke's Genealog. Hist p. 600.
EASINGTON. 155
and others ; of which one by R. Gaywood illustrates a choice copy of Clarendon's History, in
the library of Sir John Saunders-Seb right, Bart, at Beachwood, co. Herts.
Dame Mary, widow of Sir George Croke, having held this manor and estate until her death,
settled upon Studley almshouse a close in Easington, called Burtons, i She was a lady of great
prudence, and it is related, that when her husband, the Judge, seemed to waver, in regard to his
judgement respecting ship-money, in the case of Hampden, she told him, that she hoped he would
do nothing against his conscience for fear of danger or prejudice to his family : for that she would
be contented to suffer want, or any misery with him, rather than be the occasion of his doing or
saying any thing against his judgement or conscience.^
Thomas Croke, their only son, had the misfortune to be called " a sot or a fool, or both ;" ^ but
it has been well remarked, that his father's legacy of all his Latin, French, and other books, with
the Statutes, &c. seems not adapted to such a character. ^ The time of his death is not exactly
ascertained, but he was living in June 1G41, and Alexander Croke, nephew of Sir George, related
a remarkable conversation, in which his uncle declared his intention " of settling Studley and
Easington" upon him, "in case his son should die without issue:" that he accounted this Alex-
ander as one of his own children, and designed Studley for the eldest son of Alexander, and
Easington for the younger ; that he would have him build a house at Easington, towards which
he would give him 100/. and provide timber, and by purchasing lands for the endowment of his
almshouse, exonerate the charge upon Easington. ^ These changes, however, were not made : and
the Judge dying soon afterwards, the estate passed to his widow ; and through whose hands subse-
quently, does not appear : but it was probably divided, and part of it came to Edward Hervey, Esq.
with the estate of the Crokes in Chilton, about 1701, by a conveyance from Richard Limbrey, Esq.
who married daughter of Richard Jervoise, Esq. of Freefolk, co. Hants, by Frances, third
daughter and coheiress of Sir George Croke ; and being purchased of Helen, widow and executrix
of Edward Hervey, by Richard Carter, Esq. subsequently passed with Chilton^ to Sir John Au-
brey, Bart. The manor with another portion of this estate (perhaps the purparty of the other co-
heiresses of Sir George Croke) M'as in the possession of Thomas Parsons, Gent, of Great Milton,
in Oxfordshire, in or about 1684; and in contemplation of a marriage between Thomas Parsons,
jun. of St. x\nne, Westminster, with Margaret, daughter of Rich. Aldworth, Esq. and Anne his wife,
(and sister of Richard and William Aldworth, Esqrs. of Stanlake, co. Wilts,) certain conveyances
were made and a fine passed, and in 1686 (2 Jac. II.) Richard Sherard, of the Inner Temple,
London, Sir John Brownlow, Bart, of Belton, co. Leicester, William Brownlow, Esq. his brother,
Alice Johnson, relict of Francis Johnson, of Spalding, co. Lincoln, Jane Greene of the same, Adryan
Gamlyn, Esq. of Moulton, and Sybill his wife (which Alice, Jane, and Sybill, were daughters and
coheirs of John Greene, late of St. Clement Danes, co. Middlesex), covenanted to convey and
assure by fine and recovery to Thomas Parsons, the manor of Easington with divers lands, &c.
then in the tenure of Thomas, John, and Jane Saunders, John Clarke, William Lee, the widow
' Her monument at Waterstock has the following inscription : " Here lyeth that honourable lady, Dame Mar3', relict
of Sir George Croke, Knight, late one of the Judges of the King's Bench, who for her piety, charitie, and other
eminent virtues, was the honor of her sex whilst she lived, and scarce left her equal when she died. She departed this
life December the 1st 1657." Croke's Genealog. Hist.
' Whitelock's Memorials, p. 25. Pennant's Journey, p. 247. Also, Autograph Letters of Rev. David Roderick, A.M.
Minister of Cholesbury.
3 See Ant. ii Wood, p. 581. « Croke's Genealog. Hist. p. 601. ' Ibid. pp. 593, 594.
« See p. 132.
15G ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Pevcrell, Thomas Greene, Thomas Howlet, Henry Synis, Nicholas Falconer, Richard Boulton,
Robert Maund and Nicholas Lovell, part of which had been held by Alexander Croke, which, with
the tithes, courts-leet, conrts-baron, views of frankpledge, &c. were conveyed to Richard Aldworth,
Esq. and William Aldworth his son, to the use of Thomas Parsons for life, without impeachment
of waste, and Margaret his wife, for her jointure (in bar of dower) then to Thomas Parsons the
younger and his sons in tail male, and in default, to the right heirs of Thomas Parsons and Marga-
ret for ever.' In 1(587, the hamlet of Easington was surveyed by Edward Bostock Fuller, Gent,
being then the property of Thomas Parsons, Esq. and the manor, with more than four hundred
acres of land, was afterwards in the possession of Home, Esq. of the Leasowcs, co. Salop.
In 1782 Edward Hornc, Esq. conveyed all his estate here to John Aubrey, Esq. and it was re-united
to the lands before described, and the whole bequeathed by Sir John Aubrey, Bart, by will, 30 Nov.
1825, to Mr. John Eagleton, of Brill, his Steward, for term of life, who is the present Lord and
possessor : with remainder to Elizabeth Sophia^ wife of Charles Spencer Ricketts, Esq. of Dorton-
House, and her heirs male.^
THE CHAPEL.
Tradition mentions a chapel at Easington ;^ but, no particulars of this building having been dis-
covered, Willis doubted if there had been such a foundation:** although the incc[ualitics of the
ground and appearance of the hamlet (formerly more populous than at present) and some traces of
enclosures northward of the manor house, seem to confirm the assertion.
A portion of tithes in Es'ington, estimated at 5/. per aim. which had belonged to the Monastery
of Dorchester, in Oxfordshire, were given after the Dissolution, by King Henry VIII. towards the
foundation of the See of Oxford ; and are mentioned, together with the Impropriate Rectory of
Chilton, amongst the Crown rents in the reign of Edward VI. and included in the same valuation
with Crown lands in Hartwell and Bishopstonc.^ These were, perhaps, the origin of the stipend
of 5/. 6s. Sd. (5/. and a noble) inserted in the Liber Valorum, as belonging to the Perpetual Curacy
of Chilton with Easington.*^
From tlie original Deeds. ' See p. 75. ^ Lysons's Mag. Brit. vol. i. p. 511.
MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. s Willis's MSS. ' Ecton's and Bacon's Thesaurus.
EAST-CLAYDON with BOTTLE-CLAYDON. 157
EAST-CLAYDON with BOTTLE-CLAYDON.
The name of this Parish is supposed to be derived from a clayey hill, and its prefix from its
relative situation in regard to Middle-Clay don and Steeple-Claydon. The Claydons are only dis-
tinguished from each other, in the Norman Survey, by the names of the ancient hundreds in
which the lands of difterent possessors were comprised ; and it was not until a later period that
they respectively acquired their present designations.
The hamlet of Bottle-Claydon has been supposed to be so called from its being the butt or
boundary of the Forest of Bernwode, and by others conjectured to have derived its name from
a well dedicated to St. Botolph : the existence of such well is not ascertained, but the name of
Muxwell (i. e. Monks-well) Wood, in the vicinity, affords some support to the notion that it
might have acquired its appellation from such an origin.
East-Claydon is about two miles and a half S. W. from Winslow, seven S. E. from Bucking-
ham ; and is separated on the North from Addington and Winslow by a small brook ; on the
East is bounded by Grandborough, on the South by Hogshaw, and Lee in Quainton, and on the
West by Middle-Claydon and Steeple-Claydon : containing about 2300 acres.
Its clayey soil is intermixed with strata of gravel and yellow sand.
Before the Conquest, Suen, a man of Algar, standai-d-bearer to King Edward, held an estate
here without the privilege of alienation, and it was afterwards bestowed upon Geoffrey de Mande-
ville, who held this manor at seven hides. It was sufficient for five teams. In the demesne were
three hides, and two ploughs : and four villeins, with three bordars, had three ploughs. The
pasture was for two teams : wood for pannage of forty hogs : altogether worth 41. when Geoffrey
first held it 31. and in the days of King Edward 5/.'
Geoffrey de Mandevillc was Constable of the Tower of London, and Geoffrey his grandson was
created Earl of Essex, and enjoyed the favour both of King Stephen and his rival the Empress
Maud.'^ He was a benefactor to the monastery of Hurley, in Berkshire, and founder of Waldcn
abbey: but oppressed the monks of Ramsey, in Huntingdonshire, whom he forcibly ejected from
their house, and was excommunicated; and being fatally wounded at Burwell, co. Camb. in 1144
(9 Step.) whilst under that interdict, was prohibited Christian burial, and some of the Knights
Templars, who in gratitude for former favours carried his corpse to their place in the Strand,
were compelled to suspend his remains on a tree in their orchard, until, by the mediation of the
Convent of Walden, the sentence was taken off, before they were permitted to bury him in the
Temple church ; where his statue still remains.
Ernulph (sometimes called Arnold),^ his eldest son, being banished, and his inheritance seized
1 In Votesdone Hd. GO' in Claindone ten' Goisfiid vij. hid' p" uno CO. T'ra e' v. car'. In d'nio iii. hidse, et ibi sunt ii.
car', et iiii. uill'i cu' iii. bord' h'nt iii. car'. P'tu' ii. car'. Silua xl. pore'. Int' totu' ual. iiii. lib'. Q'do recep' iii. lib'.
T. R. E. V. lib". Hoc GO' tenuit Suen ho' Asgari stalre. N' potuit dare v' uende' p't' ej' licentia'. Lib. Censual. torn. i. f.
14.9.
"" Gibson's Introd. to Camden, p. 174. 3 Gwillim, and Banner displayed, p. 762.
158
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
])y King Stephen, Geoffrey de Mandcvillc the younger obtained restitution of his lands, and by a
new charter was created Earl of Essex.
The descendants of Geoffrey Pitz-Piers, who by marrying Beatrix de Say (grand-daughter of
Beatrix, aunt and heir of Geoffrey and William de Mandeville) acquired the Earldom of Essex,
were long afterwards in possession of the estate in Claydon, which had been included amongst the
knights' fees held by Geoffrey de Mandeville in the reign of Henry the Second as of the ancient
feoffment,' and Richard Fitz-John, lineal descendant of GeoffVey Fitz-Picrs, died in the reign of
Edward I. seised of the manors of Claydon and Bot'il Claydon. ^
PEDIGREE OF MANDEVILLE, SAY, FITZ-PIERS, and DE BURGH.
From Dugdale and other autlic
rly Grand Gu
Mandeville, differe
per pale Or and Gu
Geoffrey de Ma
ced by a bordiire Va
A, or Mandeville, 1086 =j=.
! by Filz-Genffrey. Also, Party
viLLE, temp. Steplu^^MAHGAHET, sole daughter and beir of EudoDapifei
viLLE, Steward of Normandy, Ea
1144, bu. in the Temple Churcl
:RoHESu, dau. of Alber
Earl of Oxford, mar. 2d
gan de lieaucbamp.
lia.n Earl of Es;
bur. atWalden.
ofWil-=pWll
. 1207,
1. EnNULPH,eld. 2. Geof
son, banished by cr. Earl
K. Stephen. s. p. bur
(F.Y DE MaNDE
of Essex, ob.
t Walden.
t buried at Walden
, Earl of WiLLiA
190, his eldest!
Geoffrey DE Say, of-
fered 7000 marks foi
the Earldom of Essex.
Beatrix, eld. dau. and cob. ob. in=
puerp.; bu. at Chicksand; removed
to Shuldha
:GEOrFREV FiTZ-PiERs, to pay 7000 marks,=pAvELiNE,
offered by his wife's uncle, for the Earldom j second wife,
of Essex ; ob. 14 Job. bur. at Sbuldham. |
Geoffrey de — Isadell, C'te
Say, wounded of Glouc. di-
al a tourna- vorced from
mentinLon- King John, r
William de Mande-
vlLLE, 3d Earl of Es-
sex, ob. 1228, s. p.
his bodybu. at Shuld-
Sdlf, to Hubert ham, his heart at Wal-
1214, bur. 'at de Burgh, Just. den. [Monast. Ang.
Sbuldham. ofEngland. vol. iv. p. 140.]
-- r-T 1
Maud, surv. sist.
Humph .'de Bo-
bun, ob. 26 Sept.
12.36. [See Pe-
DiriREE of Bo-
HUN.]
1246; died near Guild-
ford 1258. [Rot. Glaus.
42 Hen. 3. and Chronic.
Tho. Wikes.]
John Fitz Margery, dau.
John, Baron and coh. of Phil.
Fitz-John 49 Basset, Baron of
Hen. 3. ob. Wycombe, Justi-
1276, s. p. ciar of England.
HicNARi) Fitz-John,=Emma .. .. ,
Baron Fitz-John mar. 2dly, to
(broth, and h. of Rob.de
John) 23 Edw. 1; Montalt, ob.
ob. 25 Edw. 1. s. p. 1332.
nr-r
Isadeel, dau. of Sii
Ralph Bigod, 3d sor
of Hugh Earl of
Norfolk, wid. of Gil.
bert de Lacy ; mar.
46 Hen. 3.
Maud, ma. Ist, to Gerard LordFi
nival ; 2dly, to Will, de Beauchai
Earl of Warwick, viv. 25 Ed. 1.
Isabel, roar, to Rob. de Vipont, Ba- Joane, mar. to The-
ron of Appleby, dead 25 Ed. 1. obald de Boteler,
Avelinc, mar. to RIc.
de Burgh, Earl of
Ulster, dead 25 E.l.
Richard Fitz-John having no issue, his sisters and their descendants succeeded to the inhe-
ritance ; and the manor of Claydon was assigned to Robert de Cliftbrd, son and heir of Isabel,
daughter and coheir of Robert de Vipont, by Isabel, sister and coheir of the said Richard Fitz-
John, and Idonea, wife of Roger de Leyburne, his niece, younger daughter of Robert de Vipont ;^
but Richard de Burgh, another of the coheirs, objecting to this partition, it was finally settled
that this manor should become part of the share of the said Richard de Burgh, who was Earl of
Ulster, and from whom It descended with the Earldom, until having passed, by the marriage
of Elizabeth, the sole heiress of that noble family, to Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence, second
son of King Edward III. it subsecpiently came, by Philippa, his sole daughter and heir, to the
house of Mortimer, agreeably to the annexed table.
Lib. Rub. Scacc. and Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 204. '' Esc. 2.5 Ed. 1. no. 50. Cal. vol. i. p. 135.
Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 707 ; toni. ii. p. Ik Dodsworth's ^ISS. vol. iii. p. It6. in Bibl. Bodl. 0.\oii.
EAST-CLAYDON with BOTTLE-CLAYDON.
159
iiii
PEDIGREE OF DE BURGH, CLARE, PLANTAGENET,
AND MORTIMER.
From Dodsworth's MSS. vol.
Arms. Or, a cross Gules. De .
?.p.32; Memoirs of Clanricarde ; Dugdale, and other authorities.
uTgh. France and England quarterly. Plantagenel and Clarence.
Richard de Bubgh, Ear! of Ulster, son of the Earl of Ulster (bv Aveline, sister and
heiress of Richard Fitz-J„hn) descended from William Fitz-Adeliii, Governor of Irela
by Isabel, widow of Llewellyn, Prince of Wales, nat. dau. of K. Ric. 1. [Dugd. Bar.
I. p. 6.93] ; ob. 2 8 June, 1326.
I
John de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, and jure uxoris^ELizABETH, 3d dau. of Gilbert Earl of Gloiicest. by Joane of Acres, and sister
Earl of Hertford; ob. v. p. 1313, at Galway. | and coh. of Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester. [See Pedigree of Clare.]
VViLLiAM DE buRGH, Earl of Ulster=p Maud Plantagenet, 3d dau. of Henry Earl of Lancaster, brother and hr. of Thomas
and Hertford, murdered 1333. I Earl of Lancaster ; grandson of K. Hen. 3, and father of Henry Duke of Lancaster.
Roger Damorv.=Elizabeth, sole dau. and hr.^^LiONEL, of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence, 3d son of King Edward 3, ob. 1369.
Philippa, sole dau. and heir.^p Edmund de Mortimer, Earl of March, and jure uxoris Earl of Ulster.
Pedigree of Mortimer, in Crendon.
This estate, as part of the lands of the Mortimers, is presumed to have been vested in the Crown
in the time of King Edward IV. and so continued until the reign of Henry VII. when (in 1491)
a fine was passed of lands here, together with the manor of Bottle-Claydon, between Thomas
Kcbble, Robert Morice, and others, and Edward Hastings and Mary his wife,' after which no sepa-
rate and distinct account of this manor is discovered until it became part of the possessions of the
Verneys.
MILD Crispin's manor.
Another estate here, belonging to Mild Crispin, was held at the Norman Survey by Geoffrey
at seven hides and three virgates, being sufficient for five ploughs. Two were kept in the
demesnes, and four villeins with three bordars had three. There were three servants, pasture for
two plough teams; woods for one hundred hogs: altogether valued at 4/. When Geoffrei/ first
held it 20,s\ in the time of King Edward 4/.2
These lands were subsequently included in the Honour of IValingford. Geoffrey, the subfcu-
datory of Milo, can scarcely be supposed Geoffrey de Mandeville, who held in capite an estate in
the same parish, but was more probably the ancestor of Geoffrey de Claydon, who presented to
the church in 1218, and perhaps may be identified with the Chamberlain to William Rufus, who
is recorded to have been a great benefactor to the Priory of the Holy Trinity in Walingford,
which was endowed with tithes in East-Claydon by some person whose name is not preserved
amongst the scanty materials for its history remaining.^ The tenure of Geoffrey was dissolved
in or before the reign of Henry III. when Thomas de Valoignes, who had succeeded to the lands
of his brother Robert in Shabbington,'* paid scutage (19 Hen. III.) also, for two hides in East-
Claydon (then begun to be so distinguished) held under the honour of Walingford, and probably
on condition of performing castle guard at Dover.
In 1249 Thomas de f'aloines passed a fine of messuages and lands in "Est-Claydon and Botel-
Claydon," which, in default of issue by Joane his wife, were settled in remainder on his own right
heirs,5 and in 1261 another fine of lands in East-Claydon and Bottle-Claydon with Walter de
■ Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon. and Rot. Fin. 7 Hen. VII. Term. Hilar.
" Terra Milonis Crispin. In Claidone ten' Gaufrid' de Milone vii. hid' et iii. uirg' p' uno CD. T'ra e' v. car'. In
d'nio sunt ii. et iiii. uill'i cu' iii. bord' h'nt iii. car". Ibi iii. serui. P'tu' ii. car. Silua c. pore. Inf totu' ual' iiii lib'.
Q'do recep. xx sol. T. R. E.,iiii. lib'. Lib. Censual. torn. i. f. 150.
3 See Monast. Anglic, vol. iii. p. 279. ■• See Shabbington * Kot. Fin. 34 Hen. III.
160 ASHEXDON HUNDRED.
Folcbroc and Agnes his wife.' In 129G another fine was passed of an estate in Ickford and East-
Claydon, with the advowson of East-Chiydon chureh, between Joane, late the wife of Robert de
Grey, and Robert de Jrgenfon, Parson of East-CIaydon, declared the right of the said Robert,'^
and it was fonnd by one inquisition in 12!)8 that Joane de Grey died seised of tenements in
Bottle-Claydon held under the Prior of St. John of Jerusalem in England;^ and by another, in
1312, that Joane, wife of Robert de Grey, "the daughter and heir of Thomas de Valanges," died
seised of the vill of East-Claydon, and the advowson of the church, held as of the honour of
Peverell;'* so that Collins is cither mistaken in his assertion that East-Claydon and Bottle-Clay-
don were granted by Walter Archbishop of York in 1245 to his brother, Robert de Grey, and his
nephew, Walter son of Robert, amongst the inheritance of the coheiresses of the Barony of Arsic,^
or that conveyance must have related to some other manors ; for, notwithstanding the omission
in the pedigree by Dugdale and others,'' Thomas de Valoignes in 1261, long after the death of
Walter de Grey, Archbishop of York,' held this estate, which, according to the Escheat Rolls,
IKissed in marriage by Joane his daughter to Robert de Grey, nephew of the Archbishop.
Beatrix, wife of the first Robert de Grey, is called daughter and heir of William de St. Luke,
or St. Liz, by one writer ; and by another, Avice wife of Robert de Grey, his grandson, is also
called daughter of William de St. Liz. The same lady could not have been the wife of both:
and certainly not of Robert de Grey the grandson, unless he was twice married, which is not
asserted by either of his genealogists; and the Lincoln Registers seem to contradict the assertion
of Collins, and are opposed to the statement of Dugdale, by mentioning Joane de Grey, who pre-
sented to the church of East-Claydon in 130S), as "relict of Lord Robert de Grey."
PEDIGREE OF DE GREY, of ROTHERFIELD.
From the Knlghtley Pedigree; Nicliols's Leicestershire; Harleian MSS. 1155. f. 5; and other authorities.
Arms. Grey of Rothcrfidd. Barry of six Arg. and Az. a hcnd Gu. Viery. Or, three chevroncls Gu. Crcspon. Gu. a hen.l Arg.
Ponte de I'Arclie. Arg. criisule I'urp. a iioo rampant of tlm Second.
Robert Crespon, Earl of Hereford.=p Ralph de Yvery =p
7-DA, dau. and cuh.
r,Chamherla;ntoRoh.Dukeof Normandy, to whom he gave the castle, &c. ofCrny,=p William Fit7.0sdert=P.
hieh name his posterity assumed, and were called deCroy, afterwards de Grey. | or Osi-.erse. j
John Lord de Croy or Sir John=pAdeh, or Alice, dau. and coh.
DE Crov, temp. Will. Conq. | [Harl. MSS. No. 1 155.]
Arnold de Crov, Knt. Lord of StoIie=f Joane, dau. and lir. of James Lord of Ponte de I'Arche, in No
id Rotherfield, i. e. Reginald de Grey. \ and sister and hr. of Walter Lord of Ponte de I'Arche.
Anchitel de Croy, held divers manors in Oxfordshire, 1086, and lands In Lavendon and Weston, co. Uuck'.=p
Sir Reginald de Croy, Lord of Water Eaton, Stoke, and Rotherfield, oh. 1096'. [In some pedigrees mentioned as Ijrothcr of Anchitel.]=p. .
Richard DE Grey, ['' on\y sna o( Aiichilci:' Nichols's Leicest.]=pMABiLiA. [Rot. Pip. lyRic. 1.]
I — — ' 1 1
AscHiTELDE Grey, =F Eva, dau. of Baldwin de Redvers, Earl of Dev.m ; mar. 2dly, to Ralph de William ... de Grey, a monk at Ensha
eldestson. I Murdac.Lo. of Broughton;3dly, to Andrew dcBcaucharap. [Test, de Nevill, 112.] deGrey. co. Oxon, 10 Hen. 1.
■ Rot. Fin. 46 Hen. III. ' lb. 25 Edw. I. 3 Esc. 27 EcUv. I. n<'. 118. Cal. vol.i. p. 152.
' Ibid. 6 Ed. II. n". It. Cal. vol. i. p. 250. s Peerage, Suppl. vol. i. p. 278.
' Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 733, and Blore's Rutland, p. 167. " See Le Neve's Fasti, p. 307.
EAST-CLAYDON with BOTTLE-CLAYDON.
161
John de Grey, temp. Hen. 2 and Joh. [derived 1
from Heary de Grey, Lord of Rotherfield, s
MS. Pedigree of the Knightleys atFawesIey,:
of Sir Arnold by Joaue de Pondelarche.]
:Hawise, [Nichols's Lei.
Roger Earl of Clare,
Robert de Gkev,
of Cornwell, VVy-
dell, and Rother-
field, dead 2.9 Hen.
3, called hy Dug-
dale, son of Henry
de Grey.
of
Will. ;
Lukec
St. Liz
[o«s-
dale.J
Walter de Grey, John de Grey, Bp. of Nor- Sir Henry de Gi
Chancell. of Eng. wich 24 Sep. 1200, elected Knt. temp. Rlc.
1206, Bp. ofLich- Al.p. of Cant. 1205, election Lord of Thurroc
field 1210, Ambas. set aside by the Pope : Jus- Essex, ob. 1 225.
to the Emp. Otho ticiar of Ireland 1211, died
1213, Bp. of Wore. in France 18 Oct. 1214, bu.
1214, Abp.of York at Norwich. [Rot. Fin. 12 Grey, of Codnor, Wilton,
1216; ob. 1 May Hen. 3, and Le Neve's Fasti, and G rosy.
1255, bu. at York. p. 209.]
[soLDA, dau. and Eva, mar. to W
coh. ofHugh, Breton,
and niece and Agnes, mar. to ..
coh. of Rob. Ld. Doyle, of Stoke
Bardolf. Doyle, co. Oxon.
Walter de Grey, devisee of his uncle Walter Abp. of::;=IsABEL, da. and h. ofWill.de Duston,
York; died52Hen.3. [Dugdale, Bar. torn. 1. p. 723.] | [Esc. 33 Ed. 1.] of co. Nortli'ton.
Roe;
. . , mar. to Tho. de 1
Robert de Grey, s
land heir, died 1294.=f^JoANE, dau. and heir of Tho
ather's death : sum. to Pari. 25 Ed. 1,=pMargarei
i Lord Grey of Rotherfield; died 131
ide Valoines [Esc. 6 Ed. 2.] died (
;oh. of Will, de Odingsells, of Maxstoke-Castle,
vived her husband. [Rot. Claus. 5 Edw. 2.]
of Brian=^JonN DE Grey, 2dBaion of Rotherfield, had free warren=pAvicE, youngest da. of John, and sist. and coh. of Ro-
3. York. I in£astandBottle-Claydon4Ed. 3,diedl3 Oct. 1359. | bert Lord Marmion, viv. 33 Ed. 3. [Rot. Claus. 33 Ed. 3.]
John de Grey, 3d=pMAUD or Matilda Maud, mar. to John de Botetourt and to
Baron of Rother- I , died 13S-. Thomas de Harcourt [Dugd. Bar. torn.
field, d.4 Jun. 1375. | i. p. 724 ; tom. ii. p. 47]job. Apr. 138b'.
=Eliz. dr.&coh.ofHe
bert de St. Q
John de Grey, — Elizabeth,
eldest son, ob. da. of Sir
V. p. s. p. [Esc. Mich. Poyn-
49 Ed. 3. n°. ings, Knt.
59.1 mar. 35 Ed.
Bartholomew,
4 th Baron Grey
of Rotherfield,
ob. cojlebs 137«,
Robert de Grey,=^Elizabeth,
5th Baron Grey of
Rotherfield, sum. to
Pari. 50 Ed. 3,
IE, sole dau. and hei
i Sir Richard, mar. 1
her=FSiR Joi
405. I 1 Way
and h. of Will, de la
Plaunch, of Havenham, mar. 2dly, to Sir
John de Birmingham, Knt. (oc. 1385) ;
3dly,Sir John Clinton, Knt. (ob. 1397);
4thly, to Sir John Russell (oc. 1399).
She died in 1423, bur. at Haversham, ajt.
80. [See Pedigree of De la Plaunch.]
N Deincourt, Knt. born at Middleham,
Hen. 4. [See Pedigree of Deincourt,
ir- RoB.=^LoRA,2d da. and
Mar- I coh. of Herbert
MION. deSt. Quintin.
-1 _ -I
[Dugd.
O.York, died
Q WOOEUBN.]
.izabeth, only
ild, mar. to Sir
enry Fitz-Hugh,
Sir William=Emzabeth, sist. Willia.m, Lord Lovel
Deincourt, of John Viscount Minster-Lovell, co. Oxon,
Lord Dein- Beauchamp; ma. 3 Hen. 6', Constable of
court, ob. 1 2dly, to Sir Tho. Walingford Castle 28 Hen.
Hen. y, s.p. NeviU, Knt. dead 6, ob. 13 Jun. 1454 133
25 Hen. 6. Hen. 6).
of=p.'\LiCE, eld. da. =Ralph Boteler, Margaret,=Ralph, Lord Cromwell, Treas. nf
and h. also heir 2d husb. Baron younger da. the Exch. 1 1 H. 6, Master of the
to her sister; of Sudley 20 and coh. ob. King's Mews and Falcons 14 H. 6',
survived both Hen. fi ; ob. 2 15Sep.l454, Constab. of Nottingham Castle ; will
1. Sir John Lovell, Knt. Lord Lovell,=j^Joj
Chief Forester of " Whichwode," co. I Wl
Northamp. ob. 9Jan. 4Ed.4. [Dugdale] | Be
Francis Lovell, Lord Lovell, 22-
Ed. 4 cr. Viscount Lovell ; 1 Ric.
3 Constable of Walingford Castle
and Honour, Ch. Butler of Eng-
land ; escaped from Bosworth ;
attainted 1 Hen. 7, and his lands
forfeited : slain at Stoke, co.
Notts, IS Jan. 3 Hen. 7, s. p.
May 1473.
Lovell, Lord Morley,=j=.\LiANORE,
!, ob. IS March 1471. |
^J
and heir of Robert Lord Morley
l17
Fltz-
Hugh.
Henry Lovell,=Elizabeth, Sif
Lord Morley 4 4th da. of Pa
Hen. 7, had Ii- John de la Kn
very of his mo- Pole, Earl dal
ther's lands, slain of Lincoln. p. .
at Dismes, s. p.
bur. at Calais,
1488.
Henry
KER,
• [Dug-
,tom.i.
:Alice, heir of=SiR Edward Ho
RD; K G. 2d
brother, of Thomas Duke of Norfolk, Stand-
passed a fine aid Bearer to K. Hen. 8 : Admiral of
of East-Clay- England, Wales, Ireland, Normandy,
don andBottle- Ga^coigne, and Aquitalne. [See Pe-
Claydon, &c. digree of Howard.]
in 1505.
Henry Parker, summoned to Parliament 21 Hen. 8, as Lord Morley.
John de Grey, son of Robert, was a Baron in 1295, and died in lii.s mother's hfe time, leaving
his son John a minor, whose lands were committed to John de Handlo, on payment of 13/. 9*. 7d.
per ann. till the heir came of age ;' on due proof of which, in 1321, John de Grey had livery, in-
cluding his grandmother's dower ;2 and in 1331 obtained a grant of free warren^ in Bottle-Clay-
don and East-Claydon.'* He was a great benefactor to religious houses ; but in 1332, having
" Rot. Orig. 6 Ed. 2. ro. 5. Abbrev. vul. i. p. igi, ■ See Siiabbington.
3 Blackstone's Comment, vol. ii. p. 38 ; also Pennant's Journey to London, p. 3. ^ Rot. Cart. 4 Ed. 3. ro. 4-i, p. 163.
VOL. I. Y
162 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
attempted to stab William de la Zouche with a knife in the King's presence, his lands were
seized.' However, upon due submission he obtained restitution, and died in 1359 possessed of
this manor: John, his son and heir by Kathcrine his first wife, surviving i^ and as this John de
Grey was seised of 40*. rents here held of the honour of Peverell in right of the Prior and Con-
vent of St. John of Jerusalem, with remainder to John his son,^ he had probably given part of his
estate to those military knights. John de Grey, who was forty years of age at his father's death,
in contemplation of his son's marriage, in 1361, with Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Michael Poyn-
ings, Knt. settled certain estates upon him, and the marriage was solenmized, but both dying without
issue in the lifetime of John de Grey the father, sixty-four acres of land in East-Claydon, held in
ris^ht of the Convent of Bisham, co. Berks, (to which many of the estates of the Hospitallers had been
granted,) and of which he died seised,^ reverted to him ; who thereupon alienated divers portions,
and, 6th IMarch, 1372 (46 Edw. HI.), gave a general release to ... . Spyrke, of Bottle-Claydon,
one of his tenants ; and, by deed dated 12th May in the same year,^ conveyed East-Claydon manor
to Walter Young and Thomas Gernon, or Gernoys, to hold of the chief lords of the fee by the
accustomed services : and these persons settled lands, together with the advowson, on the Convent
of Bisham.
Sir John de Grey died in 1375 seised of "four virgates of land, parcel of this manor," held
under the honour of Peverell,*^ and was succeeded by his second but eldest surviving son, Bartho-
lomew, 4th Lord Grey of Rotherfield ; who dying unmarried in 137(5, Robert his next brother
succeeded him.^ He died in 1388, and Elizabeth his widow, daughter of Sir John de la Plauneh,
of Haversham, was afterwards successively the wife of Sir John de Bermingham, Sir John de Clin-
ton, and Sir John Russell, and survived to a great age : and in default of male issue Joane,^
daughter and sole heiress of Robert Lord Grey by the said Elizabeth, carried this estate in
marriage (together with her inheritance as niece and heiress of Sir Richard de Grey, her father's
younger brother,) in 1401 to Sir John Deincourt, Knt. Baron of Blankncy ; who in 1405, on her
coming of age, had livery accordingly.'' William Deincourt, son of Sir John, died without issue,
and his sisters, Alice, wife of William Lord Lovell, and Margaret, wife of Ralph Cromwell,
became his heirs.'" Lord Lovell was admitted to the possession of his wife's moiety of the inhe-
ritance 2 Llenry VL and " appointed Constable of Walingford Castle ; and dying in 1454 " seised
of East-Clavdon and Boftle-Cla.ydon,'" left Alice a widow, who in the same year succeeded to the
estate of her sister Marejarct : and John Lord Lovell, her eldest son, dying in 1464, in her life
time, neither he nor her grandson, the unfortunate favourite of Richard III.'^ came into posses-
sion of this estate, which at the death of Alice Lady Lovell descended to her younger son,
William Lovell. Alice is mentioned '^ as widow of Ralph Boteler, Lord Sudley, when she became
the wife of Lord Lovell ; but Boteler was her second husband. He was not created a Baron until
' Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 723. " Esc. 33 Ed. III. no. 38. Cal. vol. ii. p. 213.
3 lb 35 Ed. III. no. +2. Cal. vol. ii. p. 244.. * lb. 46 Ed. III. no. 42. Cal. vol. ii. p. 325.
■"■ Willis's MSS. See also p. I(i9. " Esc. 49 Ed. III. no. 59. Cal. vol. ii. p. 342.
' Rot. Fin. 50 Ed. III. and Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 724. " See Haversham, and Pedigree of De la Plaunch.
' See Wobuune; also Dugdale's Bar. torn. i. p. 388, and Langley's Desborough Hund. p. 440.
"• Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 389. " Rot. Claus. 4 Hen. VI.
'^ Francis Lord Lovell, lampooned in the distich with Catesby and Ratcliffe :
" Tiie Cat. the Rat, and Lovell the Dog,
Rule all England under the Hog :"
which might not have been introduced here, but that it was a i;ind of heraldic pun upon the armorial bearings of those
persons : Catesby the Cat, Ratcliffe the Rat, and the Talbot or Dog borne by Lovell ; the Boar being the cognizance of
Riciiard himself.
'^ Dugdale's Bar. torn. i. p. 559.
EAST-CLAYDON with BOTTLE-CLAYDON.
163
20 Henry VI. and at his death in 1473 (13 Edw. IV.) AHce had an assignment of dower.' She
had joined in a fine of this manor with Sir Ralph Boteler, Knt. and Richard Fowler and Thomas
Wode, in 1466, ten years after the death of Lord Lovell, her first husband, and about two years
after the decease of her eldest son, John,^ probably upon the marriage of William Lovell with
Alianore, daughter and heir of Robert Lord Morley, whose title this William obtained. He in-
herited his mother's lands, and died in March 1476, and Alianore his widow in August following,
seised of this manor,^ which after the death of Henry Lord Morley, their son, was possessed by
Alice, his sister and sole heir, who in 1505, with her second husband. Sir Edward Howard, K. G.
passed a fine, with Sir Thomas Howard, Knt. Thomas Knivett, Esq. Thomas Boleyn, and Thomas
Windham, of the manors of East-Claydon and Bottle-Claydon, with lands here and in Shabbing-
ton.* Sir Thomas Howard, party to this fine, was elder brother of Sir Edward, and afterwards
Duke of Norfolk : Thomas Boleyn was the husband of Elizabeth their sister, and was afterwards
K. G. and Earl of Wiltshire and Ormonde : and Thomas Knivett, of Buckenham, in Norfolk, was
the husband of Muriel, another sister of the Howards, and widow of John Viscount Lisle.
The immediate effect of this fine is not discovered, but this estate was afterwards vested in new
possessors : and about this period Thomas Lee, Esq. third son of John Lee, of Morton, in Din-
ton,^ acquired lands in East-Claydon. He was in 1558 sole executor of his father's will, and
dying in 1571 left an only son, Thomas Lee, who was knighted, and is presumed to have resided
here in 1598, when " Mr. Lee " was assessed for Claydon grounds to " the provision for the
Queen's household."^ He died about the year 1626, and Michael Lee, his second son, was deno-
minated of Bottle-Claydon, and died unmarried in 1634, after which this estate seems to have
been alienated.
PEDIGREE OF LEE and DUNCUMBE or DUNCOMBE, of EAST-CLAYDON
From Hatleiao MSS. 1234, fol. 20 b. 1533, f. 173 ; Famil)' Pedigree; Parochial Registers ; Baronetages of England ;
and Willis's MSS.
Arms. Granted to Lee of Sanderton
William Lee, buried
1572. Azure, two bar
a bear Sable, colla
Or ; over all a bend chequ^ Gules and Or. Crest, On a wreath,
d and chained Arg.
.9 0c
1436(1 Hen. 7).=pAL
John Lee, Gent, of Morion in Dinton, bu
St. Ola
s. Silver Street, Lond.
;, dau. of ....
Mar. 1503.=pAN
1. Thomas Lee.=P.
eld lands in Ellesho
, proved 17 Nov. IS
Ugh-pEtlZABETH
of Thomas Lee, of East-Claydon^UnsuLA, da
!S. and Moreton (sole executor of
his father's will) died 1571 ;
will dated 10 Nov. 1571, prov.
16 Oct. 1572.
f Leonard Yate, 2. Richard Lee,
f Witney, co.Oxon. 2d sou of 3. Robert Lee,
Edmund Yate, of Stanlake, and 4. Francis Lee,
relict of John Hicks, of Tort- 5. William Lee
worth, CO. Gloucest. 6. John Lee,
1
Thomas=P
ard Lee. Sir Thomas LEE,=ptLEANOR, dau. of Michael Hamp- I\L\bgaret,'^ Thoma
Knt. of East-Clay- den, sister of Sir Alex. Hampden, Barbara, I infra jet. Dln-
don and Moreton ; Knt. bap. atHartwell 4 June 1554; Marye, (1571. cumbe
died 1626, bur. at mar. 20 Nov. 1 570 ; hu. at Dinton Elizabeth J ofVVhii
' Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 597. ^ Rot. Fin. 6 Ed. 4.
^ Esc. 16 Edw. IV. no. 73 ; and Dugd. Bar, torn. i. p. 561.
' See Dinton ; and Pedigree of Lee, of Hartwell.
< Rot. Fin. Term. Mic. 21 Hen, VII.
Roll 42 Eliz.
164
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
HO.MAsLtE,
■Idest son.
iMEs Lee.
Thomas Lee, Esq. of=pjANE, da. of Sir Geo.
MoretoQ and Hartwell, Throckmorton, Knt.
Sheriff of Bucks 1G29, of Fulhook, ob. May
bur. at Dinton 23 Mar. | 1642, bur. at Hart-
|„.e„.
LEE,0fHARTWEI,I,.
2. iMlCHAf
Lee, of B,
tle-C!aydo
JoANE, one of:
the24 children
of Sir Thomas
Lee and Dame
Eleanor, bap.
Thomas Duncumde,-
of BuWec Castle, in
Whitchurch, and of
East-Claydou ; will
dated 23 Jan. 1597.
-Jane, 2d w
Barker,' of'
Astrop, CO.
North'ton.
John Duncumbe,=
of East-Claydon,
^Mary, da. of Rich.
Saunders, of Mars-
ton Morelain, co.
Beds.
Ursula, mar. t(
Ric. Trist, of
Maidford, CO.
Audrey, 1597,
afterwards mar.
to Walter Ro-
berts.
Elizabeth, mar. 1st, to Will.
Newman ; and before 1597 to
John Fennell, of , in
Sussex.
I'rasces, da.of John^RicHARD DuN-=DonoTHY, da. of Tho
More, of Leyton, ob. cumbe, eldest Andrews, of Harlestoi
5. p. son. CO. North'ton.
2. John Duncombe.
3. Robert Duncumbe.
4. Thomas Duncumbe.
Jane, mar. to Thon
Lane, Esq. Recorder
Wycombe.
Audrey.
Ursula.
Philippa.
Part of this estate was in the possession of the family of Duncombc, related to the Lees by the
marriage of Joane, daughter of Thomas Lee of Morton, and sister of Sir Thomas Lee of Clay-
don, to Thomas Duncombc, who in his will, dated in 1597, is styled of East-Claydon, Gent, and
whose son, John Duncombc, resided here in 1634, when his uncle, Michael Lee, died. Jane,
sister of Michael Lee, wife of Thomas Duncombc, of Whitchurch, was one of the twenty-four
children of Sir Thomas Lee, Knt. by Eleanor, sister of Sir Alexander Hampden, Knt. of Hartwell.
John Duncombc, either son or grandson of the former John, held an estate here in 1715, and
was buried at Claydon in 1737, after which the lands possessed by this family were sold in
Hcvcraltics.
The Manor of East-Claydon was, about 1650, purchased by William Abell, Esq. who was
Sheriff of Bucks in 1661, and left an only daughter, Mary, who carried this estate in marriage to
Edmund Verney, Esq. eldest son of Sir Ralph Verney, Knt. of Middle-Claydon ; who had by her
two sons, Ralph, who died in his father's lifetime, and Edmund, who survived his father only
about one year, and died whilst Sir Ralph Verney, the grandfather, was still living. Mary
"Verney, only child of Edmund, was married to John Kclynge, Esq. who by her had an only
daughter called Mary; and his wife dying 10th Feb. 1695, and her infant in May next following,
their estate passed to William Abell, Esq. nephew of the before-mentioned purchaser.'
PEDIGREE OF ABELL and VERNEY.
scent a dexter hand and arm i
reversed. Proper.
William Abell, Esq. Citizen nnd Alderman of London
;ith a gauntlet grasping a sword, the blade
William Abell, Esq. eldest son ; Lord of East-tlaydon : High Sheiiff of Bucks :=p.
bur. at ClayJ(in 1«UI
Edmund Verney, of=|=MARY, sole (l.aii. and heir, William Abell, Esq. nephew of William Abell, Citizen, &c ^Elizabeth, ob. 2 Jan. 1714,
East-Claydon; ob. bur. at Claydon. sold East-Claydon; ob. 19 Feb. 1740, at. 19; bur. at East- I aet. 51. Jrnu. Az. a bend
16-88. I Claydon. | bet
vered cups Or.
Died. [See Pedigree of Verney, Rr
of Middle-Claydon.]
Abell, viv. 1743 ; a benefactor to Brii
East-Claydon Parish.
[lb. 28 Feb. 1743, a;t. 53 :
bur. at Claydon.
Letters to Brownu Willis, Esq. from Francis Green, Vicar of East-Claydon, inter MSS. Willis, in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon.
EAST-CLAYDON with BOTTLE-CLAYDON. 165
About 1726 the manor and estate were conveyed by William Abcll, Esq. to Messrs. Portlock
and Snow, Bankers, of the Strand, London; who by lease and release, dated 9 and 10 April 1729,
in consideration of 25,790/. granted their interest to Ralph Verney, second Viscount Fermanagh,
from whom this estate afterwards descended with Middle-Claydon,' until the manor, impropriate
rectory, and advowson of the church, in 1827, became vested in Sir Harry Calvert, Bart, (now
Sir Harry Verney,) the present possessor: but by virtue of a settlement made in 1813, on the
marriage of Thomas Digby Aubrey, Esq. with Mary Wright, niece of Catherine Verney, widow
and rehct of the Rev. Robert Verney, and by subsequent agreements, eleven farms, in Bottle-
Claydon, East-Claydon, &c. have been conveyed for term of hfe, in lieu of the provisions of the
said settlement, and vested in Sir Thomas Digby Aubrey, Bart, with remainder after his decease
to Sir Harry Verney, Bart.
PEVERELLS MANOR.
Another manor in Claydon was at the Norman Survey in the possession of William Peverell,
and held by Ralpli his subfeudatory. It contained three hides and one virgate. The land was for
three ploughs ; in the demesne one, and four villeins had another, and a third might have been
kept. Pasture for one team, wood for fences : always valued at 40.s\ Alwin, a Thane of King
Edward, held it, before the Conquest, and might sell it : and a certain tenant held one virgate of
this land, with license of alienation, -
The lands of the Peverells being forfeited In the beginning of the reign of Henry II. ^ this part
of East-Claydon is supposed to have been severed from the honour of Peverell, and was afterwards
held by grand serjeanty, by the Norman family of Passclewe, when Ralph de Passelewe was dis-
possessed by the Bishop of Constance ; and included those lands which Thomas dc Argentein held
by the service of providing for the King on his expedition into Wales, a horse, haversack, and pack-
saddle."*
Ralph de Querendon held part of this land at \3s. per ami. Simon de Nevil one virgate at 7*.
Simon Avenel and John Fitz-Richard each one virgate at the like rent.^
In 1257, Ralph de Querendon passed a fine, and paid 60*. to the King, that he and these his
tenants might hold their lands of the serjeanty of Thomas de Argentein, in Cleijdon, for 21*-. per
ami. and the eighth part of one knight's fee.^ Richard de Argentein also held three virgates here,
by the same serjeanty, and under him John Fitz-Richard, one virgate at 7^. and William de En-
gain one acre at 3rf. per ami J It was found by an inquisition in the reign of Henry III. that
Geoffrey de Querendon died seised of lands of the Bailiwick of Peverell, in iJo^//-Claydon, and *
' See Middle-Claydon and Pedigree of Verney.
^ Terra Will'i Peverell. CD'. Radulf tenet in Claindone de Will'o iii. hid' et i. uirg' p' uno m'. T'ra e' iii. car". In d'nio
e' una. et iiii. uill'i h'nt alia", et iii"a pot' fieri. P'tu". i. car', nem'. ad sepes. Val' et ualuit sep'. xl sol. Hoc Q:' tenuit
Aluuin' teign' R. E. et uende' pot'. De hac t'ra tenuit q'da' ho' ej' i. uirg', et potuit uende' p't' ej' lic'tia'. Lib. Cens.
vol. i. f. 148.
^ See Middle-Claydon.
^ S'jant' Thorn' de Argentein in Cla3'don, p' qua debuit invenire d'no Regi unu' equ", unu' sacca', et una' brochia'
ligneam, in excitu suo in Wallia', alienata est in p'te. De s'jantis arentatis p' R. Passeleu', temp. Hen. fil. R. Test, de
NeviU, f. 255, 257.
5 Ibid. p. 256. " Rot. Claus. 42 Hen. HI. m. 14. ' Test, de Nevill, p. 256.
<* Esc. temp. Hen. III. no. 130. Cal. vol. i. p. 44.
]()G ASHENDON HUNDRED.
in 1271 (1 Edw. I.) a fine was passed between Geoffrey de Qucrendon and Henry Wade, of mes-
suages and lands in East-Claydon, which were afterwards held by Wade,' whose daughter Margery
in 1283 passed another fine of messuages and lands in East-Claydon and Bottle-Claydon, to Wil-
liam Fitz Nigel, Parson of East-Claydon, for term of his life.^
In 1302, John, son of Henry Wade, died seised of a messuage and two carucates of land in
Claydon,^ and in ISOy,"* John Wade (whether the same person or his descendant is unknown)
died seised of the manor of East-Claydon, one messuage, forty acres of meadow, and seven of
pasture. 5
Lands in Adyngton, Middlc-Claydon, and East-Claydon, were passed by fine in 1308, between
Roger de Rodl)urn and Eve de Adyngton, and settled on the latter for life,*^ and, in 1311, Juliana,
wife of John Wade, died seised of a messuage, five acres of land, and three of pasture, held in
dower," and Henry Wade had license of feoffment for lands here of GO*-, per itnn.^ and afterwards
j^aid his relief of 5os. for the lands, &.c. which John Wade, his brother, held in capite : viz. 2\s.
for Claydon, and the residue for lands in Oxfordshire.^ In 1313 an inquisition was held respect-
ing the alienation of eight messuages and three virgates of land in East and Buckle Claydon, to
Robert de Lavington, Parson of East-Claydon. i** In 1319, license of alienation was granted of
lands held by Henry Wade in East-Claydon, under the honour of Wahngford," and in 1321 of
messuages and lands held under the honour of Peverell : '^ and, in the same year, Robert atte Reye
and Gilbert atte Reye paid a fine of one mark upon acquiring a tenement in East-Claydon. '^
Lands of Walingford Prion/. The Priory of the Holy Trinity in Walingford, founded by
Geoffrey, the Chamberlain to King William Rufus, as a cell to St. Alban's Alibcy, was endowed
with tithes in East Claydon,'-* by a benefactor whose name is unknown : but might be conjectured
to have been tliat Geoffrey who was subfeudatory to Milo Crispin here, perhaps the founder him-
self. In 1291, a pension oi \0s. per ana. was payable from the revenues of this church to the
Prior of Walingford.'^
In 1528 (14 Hen. VIII.) the same Priory held lO*. annual rents here,"' which, with other tithes
and 8,s\ per ann. payalde to the Priory of St. John of Jerusalem, were granted in 1534 to the foun-
dation of the King's College in Oxford.'''
In 1584, Queen Elizabeth, on the petition of Henry Lord Wentworth, son of Sir Thomas Wcnt-
worth. Lord Wentworth, to whom an annuity had been assigned out of concealed lands (formerly
appropriated to superstitious uses) and in the hands of the Queen under an Act of Parliament,
granted to Theophilus Adams and Tho. Butler, and the heirs and assigns of Adams, certain lands,
tithes, &c. in E.st Claydon, with others in divers places in Bucks, formerly belonging to the Priory
of Walingford, at 20a-. per ann. rent."*
Notlei/ Jhhei/ Lands. This religious house held lands and rents in " Cleydon and Fismer;"
(the latter probably Finemore, a small portion of Claydon towards the south-west) estimated at
10*. M.per ann.^3 and in 1316 (10 Edw. II.) lands of the Abbat and Convent of Notley, near
Grenesburg (qu. Grendon r) and in Claydon parish are described with their boundaries.^" In 1542,
' Rot. Fin. 1 Ediv. I. ' lb. 13 Edw. I. "> Esc. 31 Edw. I. no. 151. Cal. vol. i. p. 185.
« lb. 3 Edw. II. no. 28. Cal. vol. i. p. 2,36. * Le Neves MSS. « Rot. Fin. 2 Edw. II.
' Esc. 5 Edw. II. no. 2. Cal. vol. i. p. 24'5. " Inijuis. ad quod damn. 5 Edw, II. no. 45. Cal. p. 231.
' Abstract of Reliefs. Harl. MSS. No. S-t. '" Inquis. ad quod damn. 7 Edw. II. no. 85. Cal. p. 238.
" lb. 13 Edw. II. no. 30, p. 261. " lb. 15 Edw. II. n". 46, p. 266. " Rot. Orig. 15 Edw. II. no. 20.
Abbrev. vol. i. p. 268. " Cardinal's Bundles, No. l, in the chapel of the Rolls, '' Taxat. P. Nic, p. 30.
■ ■ Monast. Anglic, vol. iii. p. 281. '" Rot. Pat. 20 Hen, VIII. '» Rot. Pip. 27 Eliz. Test. 2 Aug.
■" Taxat. P. Nic, p. i6, - MSS. Willis.
EAST-CLAYDON with BOTTLE-CLAYDON. 167
lands and tenements here, part of the possessions of the late Monastery of Notley, were granted
hy King Hen. VIII. to the Dean and Canons of Oxford, and their successors, in jierpetual ahns, '
which, at the Dissohition, had been valued at 16,v. per anu.^
Studley Priori/ Lands. In 1344 (18 Edw. III.) John Freclond and William atte-Wode of
Stodeleij, co. Oxon, obtained license to demise to the Prioress and Convent there (to which Free-
lond had been previously a benefactor) a messuage, nine ox-gangs of land, ten acres of meadow,
six of wood, and 16*-. rents in East-Claydon and Bottle-Claydon, to maintain a chaplain to cele-
brate the mass of the Virgin in the conventual church of Stodeley:^ and a fine of ten marks was
paid upon their granting this estate (at 21.y. per ami. payable to the honour of Peverell) to the
Prioress and Convent of Studley, in mortmain.'*
The temporalities of Studley Priory in Botil Claydon were, in the reign of Henry VIII. returned
at AQs. per ami. subject to the payment of 2\s. per ami. to the Master of the Knights Hospital-
lers of St. John of Jerusalem in England, out of lands called Hogshaw-Lee, in Claydon.^
The Convent of Studley being surrendered in 1540, King Henry VIII. soon afterwards granted
" lands and rents in Est Claydon and Botil Claydon, parcel of Studley Priory," to John Croke,
Esq.^ of Chilton,^ who disposed of these lands amongst other detached estates of the Priory.^
THE VILLAGE
is built on a rising ground, at the intersection of ancient roads, which having been gradually dis-
used, and at length superseded by the formation of a modern turnpike road through the neigh-
bouring town of Winslow, are now scarcely to be traced.
Consisting of small farmhouses and cottages it claims no particular description. The remams
of a*mansion, probably the residence of the family of Abell, having over the door the arms of
J^erney impaling Ahell, was, during many years, converted into an inn, but is now decayed. A
larger mansion in the north-western part of the village, with numerous gables, heavy stacks of chim-
neys, mullioned windows, and piers surmounted with stone balls, perhaps the manor house of the
Lees, was standing during memory, but has been nearly demolished.
In the reign of Edward III. the assessment of "Est Claydon" to the ninths, levied upon the
estates of religious houses, amounted to 10 marks and 10 shilhngs, and it was certified by Rich.
Bordewes, John le Bonde, Will. Bovetoun, Roger Preest, Ric. Janekyn, and Will. Harewode, that
there were few sheep and lambs, and no cattle-dealers here.^
In 1598, East-CIaydon, with Bottle-Claydon, were rated to the provision for the Queen's
household at 1/. 13*. 6d.; Dr. Crendon for East-Claydon Pastures, 7*. Q>hd. ; Mr. Lee for Clay-
don Grounds, 15*. Ad. ; and Mr. Duncombe for East-Claydon, 6*. l^d.^^
In 1620, Sir Will. Jones, Mr. John Duncombe, and Mr. Lee, were, on a survey of this parish,
assessed at 265^.
Expenses of the poor in 1776, returned at 52Z. 17*. 10^.: in 1783, at 96/. 18*. 7d.: in 1784,
at 100/. 4*. Irf. : in 1785, at 130/. 11*. 3r/.: in 1822, at 249/. 6*.: in 1824, at 220/. 15*.
' Rot. Pat. 34. Hen. VIII. ■' Abstract of Roll, 28 Hen. VIII. in Monast. Anglic, vol. vi. p. 280.
3 Dodsworth's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. vol. Ivi. p. 134. Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 84.
•• Rot. Orig. 19 Edw. III. ro. 36. Abbrev. vol. ii. p. 178.
5 Probably adjacent to the preceptory of those Knights in Hogshaw, on the verge of this parish. See Hogshaw,
' Monast. Anglic, vol. iv, p. 257. ' See Chilton, p. 130. ' Croke's Genealog. Hist. p. 436.
5 Nonar, Inquis. Buck. p. 339. ■» Roll, 42 Eliz.
168 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Property Tax in 1518 assessed at 3705/.
Population in 1712, East-Claydon with Bottlc-Claydon 80 families, 400 inhabitants. In 181 1,
houses 45, inhabitants 30. In 1821, houses 70, families 87, males 170, females 169, total 339.
BOTTLE-CLAYDON.
This hamlet, which is situated on the south-west side of the parish to which it belongs, has
been constantly so much intermixed, in regard to its possessors, with the rest of East-Claydon, that
it is difficult to distinguish the lands properly included in it.
At the Conquerors survey, two Saxons held of Mild Crispin two hides in CUiidone, sufficient
for one plough which they had, with three bordars ; there was pasture for one team ; the value was
20.y. as it had likewise Ijeen in the days of King Edward w'hcn the same possessors, who were
the men of Haming, held the land, with power of alienation.' Being of similar extent with the
estate of the dc la Mares in Claydon, in the reign of Richard I. and part of the honour of
\Valingford,2 it is presumed the same which was passed by a fine in 1198 between Giles de Pinkeni
and William Englefield, as the marriage portion of Maud de la Mare, wife of the said Giles, and
mother of William Englefield.^ In 1234, Peter dc Mara, probably a descendant of Henry de la
Mare, huntsman to King Stephen, paid one mark scutage for a knight's fee in Bottlc-Claydon ; and
the like sum in the next year,"^ for one fee under the honour of Walingford. In 1247 a fine was
passed of lands in Claydon, between William de Englefield and Roger de Wymberville, and one of
the latter name held half a knight's fee here of the honour of Walingford, when Edward the Black
Prince possessed that seigniory : but the manor of RotU Claydon, as well as the manor of East-
Claydon, was included in the estate of which Richard Fitz-John died seised in the 25th of Edw. I.''
and both were passed by fine in 1501, by the descendants and representatives of the families of
Lovell and de Grey.'''
Lands in Bottle-Claydon are distinctly mentioned amongst the possessions of Sir John de
Handlo, of Boarstall,' held under the honour of Walingford. Plandlo obtained of King Edward II.
the wardship of John dc Grey, Baron of Rotherfield, and died in 1346, as did likewise Edmund
de Handlo his graiiilson^ and next heir, in 1358, seised of the same estate,^ which subsequently
passed with Boarstall to the families of de la Pole, Rede, and James,'" and after the decease of
Robert James, Esq. in 1431 (who died seised) and Maud, his widow, about six years afterwards,
no farther account is discovered of it until, in 1491, the manor of Bottle-Claydon was passed, inter
idia, by fine between Thomas Kcbblc, Robert jMorice, and others, with Edward Hastings and Mary
his wife;" and subsequently became the property of the family of Yerney.
In Claitlone ten' ii". Aiigli de !Milone ii. hid. T'ra o' i. car", et ibi e' cu' iii. bord'. p'tu' 1. car. Val' et ualuit
i' XX sol. I.stiniL't tenucr' T. R. E. ho'es haming fucr' ct uendc' potucr'. Lib. Ce;is. toni. i. f. 150.
See AsiiENDON, p. 17. ' Hot. Fin. 10 Ric. I. no. 4-'2. ' Test, de Nevill, pp. HI-, 258.
See p. 158. '^ See p. IG;!. ' See Boarstall, and Pp^digree of Handlo.
See p. 60, in which is a misprint of son instead of grandson. •' Esc. 3'i Edw. III. no. ,'5(i. Cal vol. ii. p. 207.
• Pages Gl, 62. " Willis's MSS. in Ribl. 13odl. Oxon, and Rot. Fin. 7 Hen. VII. Terra Hilar.
EAST-CLAYDON with BOTTLE-CLAYDON.
THE ADVOWSON, RECTORY, AND VICARAGE.
The advowson seems to have been originally appendant to Milo Crispin's manor, and was after-
wards possessed by the families of Valoignes and Grey of Rotlierfield. In 1296, Joanc, widow of
Robert de Grey, passed lands here byline to Robert de Argentein, Parson oi Est Clay don}
In 1372, her descendant, John Lord Grey of Rotherficld, obtained license to bestow lands here,
on the Convent of Bisham •.'^ and was the last who presented to this church as a Rectory. In the
third year of the pontificate of Urban VI. the Convent obtained permission of Philip de Repyng-
don. Bishop of Lincoln, to appropriate this living to their monks : and the advowson, with one acre
of land, was likewise assigned to the same Convent by license 18 May 1410, from Richard de
Chaddesley, John D'Arderne, Thomas Girnoys, and Walter le Yong, to whom Lord Grey had
conveyed it : but from the defects of the Lincoln Registers, between 1369 and 1421, the exact
period of the ordination of the Vicarage seems doubtful.
The Convent of Bisham presented to it until about 1500, and afterwards the Prior of St. John
of Jerusalem in England, until the dissolution of Monasteries : when, it is presumed that this im-
propriation and advowson were included in the grant made of an estate in the adjoining parish of
Hogshaw to the family of Lane,'' and being forfeited by attainder,"* King Edward VI. in 1549,
granted the Impropriate Rectory and advowson to his sister, the Princess Elizabeth, who held the
same as part of the honour of Ampthill, co. Bedford.^ In the same year the King also granted to
John Howe and John Broxholmc, inter alia, half an acre of land, with appurtenances, in East
Claydon, in the occupation of Margaret More, to hold by fealty as of the manor of East Green-
wich.''
In 1550, the King granted to Ralph Sadlcir,'^ and Laurence Wennington, and the heirs and
assigns of Sadleir, lands in Est Claydon and Bottell Claydon, in the occupation of ... . King,
parcel of the possessions of the late .... Lane attainted.®
In 1551 the advowson of the Vicarage was granted in exchange for lands, to Edward Lord
Clinton and Say.9
In 1565 certain lands here were demised by an Exchequer lease under seal, to William Lane for
31 years, at 33*. Ad. per ann.
In 1577 Queen Elizabeth granted to John Farneham, Esq. his heirs and assigns, Coppesley-
hills, alias Copwell-hill, cum pert, in the parishes of East-Claydon, Hogshaw, or Quainton, abut-
ting on the south on the Gore Coppice, north on Bottle-Claydon Woods, east on part of Hogshaw,
and north-west on the Runt's Coppice in Middle-Claydon.'°
In 1585, the Queen, at the request of Sir James Crofte, Knt. Comptroller of her Household,
granted to John W^alton and John Cresset, Gent, (at Qd. per ann.) a cottage and half an acre of
■ Rot. Fin. 25 Edw. I. See also p. 160.
= Unu' messuag' et quatuor acras t're et unam acrara prati cu' pert' in Est-Cleydon, h'end' ad man' mort. Rot. Orig.
46 Edw. III. ro. 36. Abbrev. vol. ii. p. 323.
3 See Hogshaw. -i Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. ' Rot. Pat. 3 Edw. VI. Test. 28 Dec.
« Ibid. Test. 5 Jun.
' See a very interesting Memoir of Sir Ralph Sadleir (who was Clerk of the Hanaper, afterwards a distinguished
Ambassador ; M. P. for Herts, and held many important offices in the refgn of Henry VIII., who appointed him of his
Council and made him one of his executors) in Clutterbuck's elaborate Hist, of Herts, vol. iii. pp. 28, 229, et seq.
8 Rot. Pat. 4 Edw. VI. "■' Ibid. 5 Edw. VI. '° Ibid. 20 Eliz. Test. 2 Sept.
VOL. I, Z
170 ■ ASHEXDON HUNDRED.
ground in Bottle-Claydon, in the occupation of John King, formerly given to maintain a hght in
the church.' In 1588 the Queen likewise granted to Sir Edward Stanley, Knt. a tenement and
five acres of land in East-Claydon, in the occupation of John King.
In IGIO, King James, in consideration of divers sums of money paid into the Exchequer, &c.
granted to Anthony Gooch and Thomas Parker, lands in East-Claydon, Hogshaw, Quainton, and
Bottle-Claydon, in the occupation of John Hawtrcy -.^ and, in 1683, King Charles II. granted to
Jerome Green, Esq. (upon his engagement to recover the same at his own charge) one hundred
acres of land in East-Claydon and Bottle-Claydon, with certain lands in Beckley, co. Oxon, for-
merly demised to William Lane hy Queen Elizabeth.^
In 1(571, Francis Lord Hawley, l)y indenture dated 12 Sept. conveyed to Sir Ralph Verney, Knt.
and Bart, of Middle-Clavdon, the perpetual pension of l(),v. issuant out of the Rectory of East-
Claydon, and payable to Sir Thomas Benton, Knt.** By divers conveyances, the advowson of the
Vicarage was abotit the same period in the hands of Rol)ert Hovcden, Esq. and being divided be-
tween his two daughters and coheiresses, one married to Count Fresci, or Frescati, and the other,
who died unmarried, their respective moieties descended to minors in the wardship of WilHam
Crosse, Esq. of Bledloic,^ and were purchased by Ralph Viscount Fermanagh, who in 1741 ex-
ercised the right of patronage, which subsequently descended with the manor, and is now vested
in Sir Harry Verney, Bart.''
In a Terrier, dated 26 Oct. 1607, signed by Owen Gwynn, Minister, this Vicarage is described
as a " Homestall, containing three quarters of an acre : the house of three bays, of timber tiled,
lofted, and disposed into six roomes ; the hall, parlour, kitchen, and three small hffs above : an
outhouse of four bays; of timber thatched, part a dairy, the rest for beasts and fodder: formerly
one yard land,' then lost."
Between 1(594 and 1704 the parish of Hogshaw (the church being decayed) was ecclesiastically
united with East-Claydon by James Gardiner, Bishop of Lincoln, and the parishioners of the
former have been since usually buried at Claydon. In 1796 a corn rent was apportioned to,
and settled on the Vicar, in respect of certain lands in Grandborough, sul)ject to the jiayment of
tithes to the Minister of East-Claydon.^ In 1810 the benefice was returned at 129/. 10.y. 10^/.
per ann. ; derived from " a corn rent, a bequest, and surplice fees."^
The Vicarage of Steeple-Claydon, in the Deanery of Buckingham, was, 7 June 1821, by
e])iscopal authority annexed to this Vicarage.
RECTORS.
RiCHJRD Hjxley, presented 1218, by (leofFrey de Robert lie Alderman, is related to have died in 1309 ;
Clayton, or Claydon. and was succeeded by
Alexander de Camera, collated in 121!), by the John de Horkstrou; !) June 1309 on the presenta-
Bishop of Lincoln. tion of Joane, relict of the Lord Robert de Grey.
Jf'illiam Fitz-Nigel occurs in 1283. Baldwin de Hengham, presented 13 March 1317,
Robert de Argentein, called "Parson" in 129() ; was by the King, in the minority of the Loi-d Grey.
]irol)ably the same who is mentioned in Willis's list Baldwin de Hengham, or " Hedingham, succeeded
;is his kinsman " -I .Ian. 1319, and quitted this living in
Robert de Letvington, presented 2 Oct. 1297 by 1335 for die llectory of Aynho, co. Northampton:
.Toane de Valoynes ; and who under the name of being succeeded by
' Rot. Pat. 28 Eliz. Test. 12 April. ^ Ibid. S Jac. I. Test. 8 Mar. ^ Ibid. 15 Car. I. Test. 29 Oct.
See also p. 169. ^ iNISS. Lowndes ; in the possession of William Selby-Lowndcs, Esq of VVhaddon Hall.
5 MS. letter of Rev. Fra. Greene, Vicar of East-Claydon, to Br. Willis, Esq. inter ."MSS. Willis, in Bibl. Bodl.
•^ See p. 165. ' Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. Oxou. " Stat. 36 Geo. III. c. 36, pr. ■' Diocesan Returns, p. 95.
EAST-CLAYDON with BOTTLE-CLAYDON.
171
John de Kermond, 13 Oct. 1335, on the presentation
of Lord Grey of Rotherfield.
Robert de Croxby, 6 July 1338. He exchanged
for the Rectory of Papworth-Agnes, co. Cambridge
with
Richard de Thorp, 9 March 1340, on the presenta-
tion of Sir John de Grey : on his resignation he was
succeeded by
John de Bermingham, I Dec. 1344, on the presenta-
tion also of Sir John de (irey.
Robert Syward, presented 21 Nov. 1348, by Sir
John de Grey, Knt. was on his resignation suc-
ceeded by
Robert JVilimot, 21 July 1349; but was probably tne
same who occurs as
Robert de Salt, Parson of East-Claydon 1351 ; ' and
at whose death, under the name of Wiliniot, (according
to Willis) he was succeeded by
Peter de Ockingham, 5 Aug. 1361, on die presenta-
tion of Sir John Grey, Lord of Rotherfield. At his death
Robert de Bodimjton was presented 20 Oct. 1369 by
the Lord Grey ; and was the last Rector.
John Cryps, presented 1 Feb. 1421 by the Con-
vent of Bustlesham, or Bisham.
John Barry, having resigned, was succeeded by
Thomas Clot, 19 Sept, 1431, on the presentation of
the Convent of Bisham.
William Claydon resigned, and
Thomas Dene was instituted 24 May 1441.
John Taylor, instituted 19 April 1459 : and on his
resignation was succeeded by
Richard Merston, 26 Sept. 1461, on the presenta-
tion of the Convent of Bisham. He died, and was
succeeded by
Ralph Pekke, instituted 2 Jan. 1500, on the pre-
sentation of John Kendal, Prior of St. John of Jeru-
salem.
John Richardson, resigned in 1505 on being insti-
tuted to the Rectory of Oving, - in the same pa-
tronage.
John Beck, instituted 11 Oct. 1506, on the presen-
tation of the Prior of St. John of Jerusalem. He re-
signed, and
Peter Rowell was presented 2 Dec. 1537, by Wil-
liam Weston, Prior of St. John of Jerusalem.
John Holland, instituted 25 Oct. 1551, on the pre-
sentation of William King, " Citizen and Bocher " of
London. At his resignation
John Snow was presented in 1562 by William King,
Gent. He resigned, and
John Richards was presented 8 Jan. 1573, by Simon
Lowe, Esq.
Henry Jones, presented 25 June 1576, "on the
deprivation of the last Vicar," by John Morgan.
Richard Jones, instituted 26 Jan. 1580, on the pre-
sentation of the Queen. He resigned.
Owen Gwynn, instituted 24 Oct. 1583, on the pre-
sentation of John Morgan. Pie was buried here
16 March 1610, and succeeded by
John Coles 1611, who is mentioned ^ as having
" turned Papist and perverted the Busby family." He
was succeeded by
Maurice Griffith 1624, who resigned in 1663, and,
retiruig to Great-Milton, co. Oxon, died there very
aged. He was succeeded in this Vicarage by
Hugh Hart, instituted 1 July 1663, on the presen-
tation of Robert Hoveden, Gent, died in May 1680,
and was buried here.
Francis Green, A. M. instituted 19 Sept. 1680, on
the presentation of Robert Hoveden, Gent. He was
of Ch. Coll. Camb. A. B. 1673, A. M. 1677; died in
1741, and was succeeded by
Thomas Hartley, A. B. inducted 11 Sept. 1741, on
die presentadon of the Hon. Ralph ^'erney ; and on
his resignation
Alexander Markham was presented by Ralph Lord
Viscount Fermanagh, and inducted 5 April 1746.
He died at Maids-Morton in 1767, and was suc-
ceeded by
Edmund Millward, A. M. inducted 1 1 jNIay 1767,
on the presentation of Ralph Earl Verney ; being dien
Rector of Middle-Claydon.^ He was of Peter-House,
Cambridge, A. B. 1759, A. M. 1762; and at his death
13 Nov. 1806, was succeeded by
Robert IVright, A. M. inducted 26 March 1807, on
the presentation of Mary, Baroness Fermanagh. He
was Rector of Otton-Belchamp, co. Essex, 22 Jan.
1784, which he resigned on being instituted to this
living and the Rectory of Middle-Claydon. He took
the name of Verney, and at his death was succeeded by
his nephew,
Thomcis Wright, A. ^l. inducted 12 May 1820,
on the presentation of Richard Vachell, Esq. of
Copfold Hall, CO. Essex, and Robert Dalrymple, Esq.
of Manchester-square, co. Middlesex : also Rector of
Middle-Claydon with Steeple-Claydon.
Rot. Fin. 25 Edw. I.
See Oving.
3 Wi
MSS.
■• See Middle-Claydon,
172
ASIIENDON HUNDRED.
THE CHURCH,
dedicated to St. Mary, stands at the eastern extremity of the village, and consists of a nave 48
feet long and 22 feet wide, with a south porch : an embattled tower at the west end, 15 feet by
10 within the walls: a chancel at the east end 28 feet by 14 ; and a short projecting aisle on
the south side of the nave about six feet wide. The building is capable of containing a congre-
gation of 300.'
Five bells here, had been re-cast into three before the beginning of the last century : the
first was inscribed, " S'ca Katharbia, ora pro nobis :" the second, " Melodie nomen Magda-
lene campana gerit." ^ The whole building, long in a decayed condition, has lately been com-
pletely repaired, and is very neat.
The chancel has a coved ceiling, and contains an altar piece, removed from Middlc-Claydon
church, and presented in 1809 by the Rev. Robert Wright, A.M. Rector of that parish, and Vicar
of East-Claydon.
The font is ancient, and octagonal, supported by a pillar, on a circular plinth.
Over the communion table are the Creed, the Ton Commandments, and the Lord's Prayer,
painicd on pannels, between the figures of Moses and Aaron, and inscribed, " Petrus Mareschall,
])inx. An. Dom. 1716."
On a tablet of white marble on the north side
of the entrance into the chancel :
Arms. Arg. a saltire engrailed Az. Ahe/l, im-
paling, Az. a bend between six covered cups Or.
Hie jiixta sepultus est Gulielmus Abell, Arm. una
cum filia Maria herede, Gulielmi Abell, Senatoris
Palricii Londini filius natu maximus, hujus manerij
Dominus.
Hie etiani juxta requiescit Cniliel. Abell, Arm. una
cum ElizabetliA uxore lectissimft femina, hujus quoque
manerii Dominus, et dicti Gulielmi Abell civis pur-
purali, nepos.
Elizabetlia, ver^ Christiana, pauperibus desideratis-
sima, animam efflavit 2" die Jan. 1741, ajtatis sua; 51.
Gulielmus, Patriae amans, publicae libertatis vindex,
et in amicos splendide munificus, ob. 19 Feb. 1740,
a?tatis suae 69.
Denique, subtus sepulta est Brigitta Abell, supra
memorati Gulielmi et Eliz. filia amabilis. In labefactii
valetudine et acerrimis doloribus sui potens. In
amicos comes, et egregie misericors. Fatis concessit
28 Feb. 1743, getatis suee .'33.
Hoc qualecunq. monumentuni Uicliardus Abell,
Brigitta- iValer mocstissimus, posuit.
On a slab in the south aisle.
Here lieth the body of Thomas INIillward, of this
parish, who departed this life Aug. 25, 1730, in the
73d year of his age.
On the left hand of this stone, under the pew, lies
the body of William Milhvard of London, tobacconist,
youngest son of the above Thomas Millward, who
departed this life Dec. 9, 1755, aged 48 years.
Also the body of Elizabeth Strong, daughter of the
above named Tliomas Millward, and wife of Francis
Strong, of London, Gent. She departed this life on
the 27th day of May 1781, in the 79th year of her
age.
On another :
Here lieth the body of John, son of John Millward,
of this parish, Gent, and Ann his wife. He departed
this life on die IStli dny of March, in the j-car of our
Lord 1731, in the sixth year of his age.
Here lieth, &c. Ann INIillward, youngest dau. of
John and Ann : died 1759, ivt. 20.
On a slab in the chancel :
Here liedi interred John Millward, Gent, who
Diocesan Iteturns 1810, p. 9L
EAST-CLAYDON with BOTTLE-CLAYDON. 173
departed this life, universally lamented, 20 Dec. 1761, a Minister : beloved and lamented by all who knew
aet. 62. him.
Ann, wife of the late John Millward, died Nov. On a slab near the communion rails :
3, 1749, aged 52. jj^^.^ y^^^■^^ ^j^^ ^^^^^ ^j. i|j^,j,3,.j Buncombe, son of
On another in the nave : John Buncombe, surviving.' He departed this life
TT i- • , r ui J »• *u t'le . .day of May. . . in the 4th year of his age.
Here lies, m hopes of a blessed resurrection, the j j j a'-
body of the Rev. Edmund Millward, M. A. 46 years On another, with the arms of Jbell :
Rector of Middle-Claydon, and 39 years Vicar of Here lyeth the body of William Abeill, Esq. Lord
this parish. He departed this life 13 Nov. 1806, of this Mannor, who dyed High Sherife of this County,
aged 70 years. He was ever steady in his duty as y^ 10 of August 1661.
William Spyrke, of 2?o;^«7-Claydon, by will, 10 Jan. 1451, ordered his burial in the Church-yard of the
B. V. M. of East-Claydon : gave 20d, to the Vicar ; and two sheep to the lights of St. Mary and the Holy Cross.''
PAROCHIAL CHARITIES.
Lady Giffard^ gave by will to the poor of this parish a rent charge of 10s. Qd. per ann. which, in 1786, was
vested in John Morton.
Maurice Griffith, Vicar, left by will dated in 1673, for the education of two boys (and towards apprenticing
one boy every sixth year), a rent charge of 3Z, vested in 1786 in Ralph Earl Verney.
William Abell, Esq. left by will land of the annual value of 4/. for the benefit of the poor; vested in 1786
in Ralph Earl Verney.
Bridget Abell, by will dated in 1736, left to the poor a rent charge of 8/. per ann. vested in 1786 in Edward
Hoare.
The Hon. Elizabeth Verney left by will a rent charge of 9/. j)er ann. being the interest of 600/. which in 1786
was returned to be " vested in Ralph Earl Verney, Edmund Millward, Vicar, and Charles Webb."
Another benefaction, called " Town Stock," was included in the Returns in 1786, as money amounting to 34/.
producing 1/. 12s. ^jer ann. vested in the Churchwardens for the benefit of the poor, but by whom given not
expressed.
Richard Abell settled a rent charge of 5s. per ann. on the Parish Clerk (probably to keep the monuments of
his family in a clean and decent state) which in 1786 was returned to have been " lost during many years, from
inability in the Churchwardens and Overseers to sue for the same."*
Br. Willis copied the last word (now nearly obliterated) Scrivener.
See Middle-Claydon. ^ Parochial Returns of Charities.
174 . ASHENDON HUiNDRED.
M I D D L E - C L A Y D O N,
so callfd from its situation l)otwpcn East-Claydon, Bottlc-Claydon and Stceplc-Claydon, is
bounded on the north by Addington, on the south by Lee in Quainton, and Great-moor, part of
Grendon-Underwood, and on the soutli-west by Charndon in Twyford, has for part of its border a
very ancient vicinal way, called tltv(^e points lane : and on the west and north-west is contiguous
to Steeple-Claydon.
The parish contains about 2550 acres, of which 4()() are woodland, about 330 arable, 16 water,
and the remainder meadow and pasture. The soil is clayey intermixed with gravel and sand,
THE MANOR,
was In the Saxon times possessed by Alwin, a Thane of King Edward, and, after the Conquest,
was given to William Peverell, who held it in his own hands as ten hides. There were ten
ploughs : in the demesne three hides and three ploughs : and sixteen villeins with two bordars had
five ploughs, to which two might have been added. Here were three servants, pasture for four
teams, woods for one hundred and fifty hogs: altogether worth 10/. per ann. at the survey, as
much in the time of the Confessor; but valued at 12/. when '' first in the hands of Peverell."'
William Peverell, reputed to have been an illegitimate son of the Conqueror by the daugh-
ter of Ingelric, founder of the church of St. Martin le Grand, in London, acquired his name from
Ranulph Peverell, who married Maud his mother, and to whom the castle of Nottingham was
given as the head of his barony. He had great possessions in Nottinghamshire, but at the time
of the survey no mention is made of a castle there :^ and there may be some doubt of his relation-
ship to the Conqueror : however, he held eight manors in this county, comprising estates in Hart-
well, Dinton, Ludgershall, Quainton, Hogshaw, Adstock, Haversham, and Stoke-Goldington, be-
sides lands in this and the neighbouring parish of East-Claydon.^
He defended Helmc Castle, in Normandy, for William Rufus against his brother Robert, and
was the founder of Lenton Priory, in Nottinghamshire, to which he gave whatsoever his homagers
might be willing to lontribute out of lands held under him, not exceeding two parts in three of
the tithes of their respc'ctive demesnes, and " Hugh, the son of Richard in Claindon," was one of
those contributors.** William Peverell died circ. 1113, and William his son, was at the head of
the Nottinghamshire men, at the battle of the Standard, in the reign of Stephen ; and either this
William, or his son of the same name, forfeited his lands, being accused of having poisoned Ra-
nulph Earl of Chester, a charge from which the historian of Rutlandshire is inclined to exculpate
' GO". Ijise Will's tea' Claindone. P' x. hid' sc dcf 'd'. T'ra e' x. car". In d'nio iii. hidac, et ibi sunt iii. car', et xvi. uill'i
:u' ii. borJ' li'nt v. car', ct adliuc ii. poss' fieri. Ibi iii. semi. P'ui' iiii. car'. Silua cl. jiorc". In totis ualent' ual' x.
ib. Q'do reccj)' xii. lib. T. R. Iv x. lib. Hoc CD" tenuit Aluuin' teign' U. E. Lib. Cens. vol. i. fol. US.
' See Blore's Hist of Rutland, p. I Hi: also Dugdale's Baronage. ^ See p. 165.
' Monast. Anglic, vol. v. p. Ill, and Tlioroton's Notts, p. '21S.
MIDDLE-CLAYDON. 175
him ; remarking, that King Henry II. possessed the lands of the Peverells hefore his accession,
and that the real offence of William Peverell was his adherence to King Stephen. Henry retained
the greater part of those lands, and gave them to his son John Earl of Morton, thus founding the
honour of Peverell,' which, at his accession, was annexed to the Crown. The exact period when
Claydon passed to its subsequent possessors is unknown : but in the time of Henry III. this manor
was held by Hugh Fitz-Ralplj for two knight's fees, and of the old feoffment, so that it must have
been granted out before the end of the reign of Henry I.^ This Hugh is supposed to have taken
the name of Grcsley, or Greseley, upon marrying Agnes, sole daughter of Ralph de Greseley, who
might probably derive his descent from the subfcudatory of the Peverells in Bottle-ClaydoUj^ at
the Norman survey.
In 1211 (12 Joh.) Ralph dc Gresele held three knight's fees of the honour of Peverell, of which
two w^ere in Claydon ; 4 and married Isabel, daughter of Robert de Muschamp, with whom, on
payment of a fine in, 1219, he was admitted to the lands of Robert de Muschamp her brother.^
Hugh Fitz-Ralph, husband of Agnes de Greseley, paid one mark scutage, in 1234, for one fee in
Claydon, of the honour of Peverell.*' He had two sons, Hugh and Ralph. Eustachia, daughter
of the latter, carried this manor in marriage to Nicholas de Cantilupe, between whom and Joane,
formerly wife of Ralph Fitz-Hugh, a fine was previously passed of Claydon, by which it was settled
upon her for hfe.^ Nicholas de Cantilupe (who held part of EUesborough,)^ had issue by Eusta-
chia a son, William de Cantilupe, who after the decease of his grandmother Joane inherited this
manor,9 which descending to William his eldest son, he obtained the King's license,'" by which
Clavdon manor and advowson were conveyed to his younger brother Nicholas de Cantilupe."
This Nicholas shared in the glory of the battle of Cressy,'2and was a Baron. He obtained a grant
of a wood in Middle Claydon, which Ralph de Greseley his ancestor had formerly exchanged with
King John, '3 and died in 1308, leaving Wilham his son and heir,'^ who has been scarcely noticed
by genealogists, but who purchased the manor of Amesbury in 15 Edw. III.'^ Nicholas de
Cantilupe, son of the last mentioned Wilham, is said to have died seised of Claydon, 45 Edw. III.
and Sir William de Cantilupe, called the younger Knt. in the 49th of the same reign, both with-
out issue ; and upon a partition of their lands, in the reign of Richard II. this manor passed to
"William la Zouche, Chivaller, son of Eudo, son of William, son of Milicent, daughter and one of
the heirs of William de Cantilupe, son of IFiUiatn,^^ brother of Nicholas, father of William father
of Nicholas, father of William, father of the said William de Cantilupe : " ' " as is rendered very intel-
hgible in the accompanying pedigree.
' Littleton's Hist, of Hen. II. vol. ii. p. 24-t, 289. Hist, of Northamptonshire, vol. i. p. 138, 139. Blore's Rut-
landshire, p. 144..
■' Test, de Nevill, p. 13. ^ See p. 165.
■< Lib. Rub. Scacc. -" Rot. Claus. t Hen. III. " Test, de Nevill, p. 258.
7 Rot. Fin. 44 Hen. HI. and Willis's MSS. " See Ellesborough. ^ Esc 2 Edw. II. no. 51. Cal.
vol. ii. p. 232. "> Inquis. ad quod dam. l-i Edw. II. n". 131. Cal. p. 264.
" Nich'us de Cantilupo fineni fee. cum R p' iiiili p' licenc' recep' de VVill'o de Cantilupo nian'ia de C/ef/o«-Cantelou
et de Grisselei ac advoc. eccl'iar. eor'd'm man'. Rot. Orig. ro. Ii. Abbrev. vol. i. p. 257.
'^ Thomas of Walsingliam's Annals.
'3 Nich'us de Cantilupo proBosco de Midd-Claydon quod Rad'us de Greseley quondam antecessor dicti N. cujus haeres
ipse est, dedit Johanni R. quond. Anglise in excambio pro bosco VVilleye, co. Notts. Rot. Pat. 9 Edw. HI. p. 2, m. 2.
'< Esc. 29 Edw. HI. no. 6. Cal. vol. iii. p. 191. Dugd. Bar. torn, i p. 733. Banks's Extinct Bar. vol. i. p. 255.
'' Rot. Orig. 15 Edw. HI. ro. 1 14. Abbrev. vol. ii. p. 150.
'" The omission of this last William in transcripts of the record, has led to inexpressible confusion in their pedigree.
■' Rot. Fin. 14 Ric. H. m. 12. Ebor.
176
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
PEDIGREE OF GRESELEY, CANTILUPE, and ZOUCHE, of middle-claydon.
From Harl. MSS., Dugdale's Baronage, Thoroton's Nottinghamshire, and other authorities.
Vaire Erm. and Gules. Gresele. Or, three closets Gules. Muschamp. Gules, three leopards' faces
fleurs-de-lis Or. Cantilupe. Gules, ten Bezants, 4, 3, 2, 1, a canton Ermine. Znuche. Barry of six Vi
, held Claydo
chal to Gilbert de Ga
^....
Hugo de MuscHAMP.=p.
VViLLiELMUs DE Gbisele,5 Stephen
Radulph de GiiESELE, held two knif
fees in Claydon, temp. Joh. vi'
Hen. 3.
Robert de Muschamp
■ Fulc de Chastillo
t. of Aln
ii, Chiv.
Hugh de Mus-=I
Andrew Mus-
b. 5. p. camp, ob.
s. p.
Hugo-fitz-Ralph de Gresele, supposed to have taken the name, jure uxoris, held=pAGNES, sole dau. and heir,
Clai/dm of the King in capite, after the attainder of the Peverells : ob. 45 Hen, 3. | mar. before 1-2 Hen. 3.
CANTILUPE. I \ '
William de Cantilupe, held lands forfeited by the Enghaines, &c.=p Hugh, Ralph, ob.=f=JoANE, held Middle-Claydon for life. [Rot. Fin.
17 John Lord of Ellesborough ; ob. 23 Hen. 3. | ob.s.p. viti patris. | 44 Hen. 3. n". b'a. MSS. Wdlis, vol. 16.]
3. John de=^Margaret, 2. Walter de 5. Thom
Cantii . - . -
ofSnil
field, (
Warwi
jure u!
Wi
dau and hr
Cantilupe,
Cantilupe,
liam d
of William
Bishop of
Chancellor of
Canti
Cummio,
Worcester,
England, (29
LUPE,
of Snitter-
9 Sept. 1236:
Hen. 3} 1244,
junior
field, CO.
ob. 5 Feb.
mort. 4Ed. 1.
ob. 25
Warwick.
12S.5.
Hen. 3
:Milicent, da. 4. Sir Nicholas de:
of Hugh de Cantilupe, Kot.
Gouruai, re- had livery of Mjd-
lict of Alma- die- Claydon 45 Hen.
ric Earl of 3. held a moiety of
Eureaux. Ellesl-orough.
^Eustachia, grand-daugh-=pVVlLLIA^
of Hugh and A,
niece and heiress of Hugh
de Gresele. [Rot Orig
45 Hen. 3.] and of Peter
de Hay. [Dugdale's Ba-
ronage.]
DE ROOS,
if Ing-
WiLLiAM DE Can-
tilupe, Lord of
Bergavenny, jure
uxoris : ob. 39
Hen. 3. bur. at
Stuilley, CO. War-
JoHN Eleanor, George de
DE mar. to Cantilupe,
Can- T. West, 3 years of
[Rot.
I Ed.
, 24.]
Eve, dau. and co- Thomas DE Cantilupe, Arclideacon Julian,
heir of William de of Stafford 1265: Bishop of Here- mar. to
Braose. [See Pe- ford 20 June 1275 : consec. 8 Sept. Sir Ro-
DlGREEofBRAOSE: ob.at Civita Vecchia, in Italy 25 Aug. bert de
and Mareschall.] 1282: bur. at Hereford. [Gudwin, Tregoz.
ob. 40 Hen. 3. p. 458, Le Neve's Fast. p. 107-]
Canonized 34 Edw. 1.
1 1 ZOUCHE. I
Marga- Joase, sist. John, =.Mili
RET, and coheir. Baron cent
dau. of mar. to Hen. de sist.
Ed- de Hastings. Mont- and
mund de [See Pedi- alt. cob.
Lacy. GREE of ob.
Hastings, 27
^c.in Stoke Ediv,
POGES.] 1.
William d
Cantilupe,
summoned t
Parliament
28Edw. l.t
1 Edw. 2 :
died 1308.
WlL-=pIsABELL
DE
Roos,
William la Zouche, Lord la Zoucbe of Haring-=f Maud, dau. of John Lord
worth 17 Edw. 2 : ob, 26 Edw. 3. | Love!, ofTichmarsh.
iEuDO,or
Wil.de
TVPHA
-=SiR Nicholas DECANTi-=f
Canti-
NEA,
LUPE, Kot. (19 Edw. 2)
Zouche,
lupe,
Governor of Berwick 9
2d son of
16 years
Edw. 3. Ambassador to
Alan la
ofa%
France 16 Ed. 3: Founder
Zoucbe :
at his
of Beauvale Monastery,
ob. 1278.
father's
CO. Notts : fought at the
[See Pe-
death :
Battle of Cressy : ob.
DIGREEof
ob.
29 Edw. 3. Lord of Mid-
Zouche.]
s. p.
dle-Claydon.
William de CA^
Orig. 1 5 Edw
death. [Ro
p. 150.]
E, dau. of William Inge, by Nicholas de Cantilupe, ob. s. p. 45 Edw.
Isolda de St. Perc. Lord of Middle-Clatjdon and Ellesl-orough.
Lord la Zo
14 Hi.-. 2.]
i.iAM LA ZouciiE, Knt. eld. son. Lord Zouche of-pE;
Totnes : ob. 13 May (19 Ric. 2) 1395.
Thomas la Zouche, held the Manor o( Middk-Clai/dm (1391) for life,
and part ul Ellesborough : ob. (6 Hen. 4j 1404. [Esc. u". 17.]
William Lord Zouche, 13 y,
father's death
ance 2 Hen. (
) Zouche, 13 years of age at hib=f=ALiCE, sole dau. and heir of Sir Richard John la Zouche, ances
had livery of his wife's inherit- I de St. Maur, Km., bj iMary his wife, Zouches of CoDNOR.=p
viv. 11 Hen. 6. 1 born 24 July 1408, of age 1423. ^
of the Margaret,
1, Lord Zouche and St. Maur: born 1432, sold Middle-Claydo
ob. (1468) 8 Edw. 4.
1 Sir John Brockley i
others :=^Katiierine
I Lenthall.
I
John la Zoiche, 7th Lord Zouche, 8 years of age at his father's death.
1 Hen. 7. [Rot. Pari. 1 Hen. 7. vol. vi. p. 276.]
John, 8th Lord Zouche, of Ha
I^JOANE,
J
red in blood, and had livery of Ills mutlii
and coheir of Sir John Dynliam, Knt., Lord
Dynham.
uheritance : sold Chilton Manor i
MIDDLE-CLAYDON. 177
After the death of William de Cantilupe, Middle-Claydon thus passed, in default of issue, to the
family of Zouche : but it is stated in some inquisitions to have been held under the Lords Rut-
land and Roos, which may be thus explained : — Eustachia de Cantilupe, heiress of Fitz-Ralph and
the Greseleys, took for her second husband William de Ros of Ingmanthorpe, one of the family of
Ros or Roos of Hamlake, who being called upon to answer for having married her without license,
the Abbat of Waterland pleaded, that the said Eustachia, after the death of her first husband
Nicholas de Cantilupe, had, in her widowhood, taken an oath not to marry aejain without the
King's permission : that the King gave the benefit of her marriage to Alan Plunkenet, but Eusta-
chia, regardless of her oath, took to husband William de Ros without license : whereupon William
de Ros answered, that Eustachia had a right to marry at her own will, because Hugh Fit/-Ralph,
whose heir she was, held in capite of the honour of Peverell, which he was prepared to prove :
but it was adjudged that she could not marry without the King's license, because she was a tenant
in capite of the King: and it was ordered that William de Ros her husband make reasonable satis-
faction to Plunkenet, to whom the King had given the privilege of her marriage, and he was fined
two hundred marks accordingly.'
WiUiam la Zouche, at his death in 1381, left two sons. Sir William la Zouche of Bramfield, and
Thoraas,^ to whom his elder brother transferred this manor in or before 1391, probably upon hav-
ing incurred the sentence of banishment for having assembled with other great men in arms
against the King. Thomas la Zouche held this estate in capite, as of the honour of Peverell, for
the tenth part of one knight's fee.^ In 1402, a fine was passed between Henry Bishop of Lin-
coln, William de Willughby, Tho. Remston, Chivals., Tho. Frisl)y, Ralph Flemynge, Will. Palmer,
Will. Danl)y, John Coly, and Will. Glen, Clerks, with William la Zouche of Totenes.se (nephew of
Thomas), of the manors of Middle-Claydon and Eselbiirgh, the right of the Bishop ;■* and in 1404
Thomas la Zouche died seised of this manor, •°' which reverted to William his nephew. In 1407
(9 Hen. IV.) Coly and Sir William Glen, parties to the before-recited fine, granted Claydon to
Margaret Houghton for life, with remainder after her decease to William la Zouche,'' who, in 1415,
died seised," leaving William his son and heir, a minor, the benefit of whose niairiage was given
to Ralph Earl of Westmoreland, and the custody of his lands to John Earl of Huntingdon. **
He afterwards married Alice, daughter and heir of Sir Richard de St. Maur, Knt.9 and, in 1424, a
fine was passed of the manor and advowson of Claydon, between Tho. Bruns and Roger Heron,
Cllis., Rob. and Will. Chicheley, John Barton, jun. and Thomas Coupworth,"* with William Glen,
as the right of Coupworth. On the death of Elizabeth, mother of the said William la Zouche, he
inherited her lands ; " and in 1427 another fine was passed of the manor of Claydon with the ad-
vowson, and a wood here, between Thomas Wydevyle, Will. Carnell, Will. Vaux, Will. Tresham,
Rob. Walshale, and Will. Glen, Clk., with Thomas Bruns and Roger Heron, Clhs., John Barton,
jun. and Thomas Coupworth, as the right of Glen ; '^ and in 1430 another, between John Brockley
and Robert Whytingham, Aldermen of London, John Carpynter, Will. Edy, and Will. Byngham,
Clk., with William la Zouche and Alice his wife, of this manor and advowson, &c. declared the
right of Byngham, '3 who joined with Brockley, Whytingham, and others, in 1434, in another fine,
' Placit. 52 Hen. III. ro. 00, in dorso. Abbrev. pp. 171, 2. - Dugd. ]?ar. torn. i. p. 691.
3 Rot. Orig. 14 Ric. II. Harl. MSS. ^ Rot. Fin. 4 Hen. IV. s Esc'. (> Hen. IV. no. 17. Cal. vol. iii. p. 299.
•^ MSS. Willis. ' Esc. 3 Hen. V. no. 46, and Trussell's Hist, of Hen. IV. p. 72.
* Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 692. Brit. Topograpber, vol. i. p. 203. " Rot. Claus. 2 Hen. VI. m. 12.
■° Rot. Fin. 3 Hen. VI. •• Ibid. 4 Hen. VI., and Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 692.
" Rot. Fin. 6 Hen. VI. -3 ibid 9 Hen. 6.
VOL. I. 2 A
178 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
preparatory to the conveyance of the whole estate to the family of Verney, for whom probably the
respective parties held in trust : but Willis seems to have been in an error respecting a conveyance
by Lord Zouche and St. Maur to Sir John Brockley,' and in the date of the conveyance by Brock-
ley to Sir Ralph Verney in 1458,2 because Sir John Brockley died in 1449 : but an intermediate
purchase seems to have been made by Brockley and others, and Claydon was passed to the Verneys
between 1434 and 14G7, in which last year it belonged to Sir Ralph Verney, Knt. and Alderman,
whose pedigree is aimexcd.
PEDIGREE OF VERNEY of FLEET-MARSTON, SALDEN, MIDDLE-CLAYDON, See.
BARONETS, VISCOUNTS FERMANAGH, EARLS of VERNEY, &c.
From Harleian MSS. ; Peerages, Baronetages, Parochial Registers, Family Documents, and otlier authorities.
b-ms. Az. on a cross Arg. five mullets pierced Gu. Verney. Az. two clievrons Or, in a canton Arg. a paschal lamb Gu. Ais^nell. Party per fess Arg.
and Or ; a fess Vert ; surt.Mit a lion rampant Gu. IChylifigham. Or, a fess S. frett<5 Or, between three lionccls passant Gu. Buckland. Arg. a saltire
engrailed S. on a chief of the Second two mullets pierced of the First, hmrdhj. Or, a cross engrailed S. in the dexter quarter a falcon of the
Second. Missendm. Az. a chev. wavy between three griffins segreant Or. Frome. Gu. a frette Arg. on a cli. Or a lion passant of the Field. SpigurneU.
Or, semee of cross crosslets, a lion ramp. S. crowned Gu. Bren-se. Gu. two bendlets, one Or, the other Arg. FU'.-ll'alter. Barry of six dancette
Arg. and Gu. Bulun. Gu. 6ve lozenges conjoined in fess Or. Newmarch. Vaire, three bends Gu. Brny,' ancient. Arg. a chev. bet. three eagles'
legs erased a-la-cuise S. Braij, modern. Or, on a bend Gu. cotised S. three goats trippant Arg. Halliwdl. Sab. a chev. engrailed Arg. charged
with a fleur-de-lis of ihe Field, bet. three bulls' heads caboshed of the Secimii.^ NorOury. Sab. a cross bet. four butterflies Or. Crosier. Az. a chev.
Or. Dalerimn. Gu. a fess contre compone Arg. aoj Sab. between six crosses pate'e Arg. Boteler. Gu. two bars .^rg. each charged with five Ermines :
Panlulplu Or, two bendlets Gu. Suc/r/f//. Or, four bendlets Az. (or bendy of eight) Mimlfurt. Arg. billett^, a lion rampant S. crowned Or. De la
Plaunch. Az. a fess bet. six cross crosslets Arg. Haversham. Per bend Az. and Or, an eagle displayed Counterchanged. Blachmll. Arg. a saltire
engrailed Az. AMI. Arg. a cross between two falcons and as many lions S. with a paschal lamb in fes's point Or. Paschali Arms borne by Ralph,
4d Earl Verney ; Fernaj and Fitxwaller quarterly. Crest. On a wreath, Az. and Gu. a plioenix in flames, beholding a ray of the sun, all Proper. Sup-
porters. Two tigers Arg. each gorged with a ducal coronet Az. chained Or. Molto. Ung tout seul.
Ralph Verney. [Rot. Fin. 7 .Joh.and Lib. Rub.Scaccar.]=pAMABELL, " nuper ux. Radulphi Verney." [Rot. Claus. 10 Hen. 3.]
oiiN DF. Verney, 1212 and 1234. [Lib. Rub.=f=ALicp, de Bri.LA Aqma, dau, and coli. of
Scac. 12 Job. Test.de Nevill 19 Hen. 3.] | Geoffrey de BellA Aq,.a, of Fleet-Maiston.
TON, 1279. [Rot. Hund. vol. ii. p. 787. Fin. 30 Hen. 3.]=f Agnes de Wac, 9 Hen. 3. [Dodsworth's MSS. vol. Ivi.]
r-
• DE Verney, 1300. [Esc. 28 Ed. 1. n°. 44. and Cardigan M5S.]=
William de Verney, 13fi7.=f dau. and h. of John Aignell, of Pendlee, Pentlai, or Pendley, co. Herts ; had
[Esc. 41 Ed. a. a". 9.] I lands in Ivinghoe, Cheddington, Helpestljorpe, Pigbtlesthorne, Swanbourne, &c.
John de Verney, of Fleet-Marston 1373. [Esc. 2 Ric. 2. n". 57. and Brass in Middle-Claydon Church.]=p.
[Edward Verney, Esq. [Brass i
Rali'H Verney, Esq. [Bri
SibKalpm Verney, Knt. Alderman of London, knighted 21 May 11 Ed. 4. Lord Mayor of London Hfa'.5,M. P.=pEleanob, dau. of Geoffrey Pole, by
for London 1 46G; purchased Middle-Claydoa ; wilT dated 11 June 1478, proved 2.5 'June, buried in bt. Mary's I Edith, dau. of Oliver St. John, of
Church, Ironm.mger Lane, London. | Bletsoe ; viv. 147S.
Sir John Verney, Knt. Sheriff ofipMAROARET, dau. and heir of Sir Robert Sir Ralph Verney, Knt. Margaret, mar.
tinghnm, Knt. of Pendley 1 restored of King's Langley, co. Sir Edward Raleigl
lood 12 Ed. 4, and to the lands Herts, 17 Ed. 4. Monu- Knt. of Farnbo-
Hcrts 1499, ob. v. p. bur. at Ash-
ridge, removed to AldburylS Eliz.
[Esc. 17 Hen.S.Chauncy's Herts,
p. ISO; Clutterl)uck's Hist. i. 288]
fifrfeited by her father's attainder; viv. 3 nient at Langley. -p rough.
Hen. 8,hur. atAsbridge. ^ wi,k.
Margery, 2ddau. and heir =fSir Ralph Verney, Knt. of Midd.=p2. Anne, dau. of Sir=3. Elizabeth, dan. of ..
1st, to John Bel- of Jidin Iwardby, Esq. of
lingham, willed Quaiuton ; ob. 20' June 1519,
1541, to be bu- bur. at Quainton. [See Pedi-
ried atClavdon. gree of Missenden and
IWARDBV.]
Claydon ; Cbamberlai
l\hiry; Sheriff of Bucks & Beds
1511 and 1524 : ob. 8 May, 1625,
bur. at Aibridge, removed to Aid-
-T-
Knt of lirimghton, of London;
d.v; mar. 3 H. 1st, to John Breton, Esq.
ried,ilAshridge, Sheriff of London and Mid-
ed to .\ldbury. dlesex 1522; Sdly, to John
Drew, of Bristid.
MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. O.xon. * See Clutterbuck's Herts, vol. i. p. 283.
MIDDLE-CLAYDON.
179
Sir Ralph Verney. Knt. of=pELiz*BETH. dou. of Eilmund Lord Eleanor, mar,
Pendley and Middle-Claydon,
Kt. 15^ in 17 Hen. 8: Sheriff
of Bucks aud Beds 1540 ; Will
dated 13 Sept. 1543; oh. 26
April 1546', bur. at Ashridge.
[Cole'sEsc. vol. lii. p. 218. 11°.
Brav, 2d slst. and cob. of John Lord
Bray; mar. 2dlv, to Sir Richard
Catesby, Knt. ofAshi.y, co. North-
ampton ; Sdly, to William Clarke,
Esq. i 4th]y, to Henry Philips, Esq.
Sir Edward G
Knt. ancestor nfthe Ear'
and Earls of Warwick.
Catharine, mar. to Sir Job
Knight Banneret, ancest.
Marquesses of Hertford.
Anne, mar. to Sir Thomas Grey, K
ofEnville.
Grpville,
Cicely, natural
Francis Verney,
Brooke
daughter, married
Lord of Salden,
to Sir Edward
infra aet. 1 6 an. m
Cmway,
Chamberlaine,
1525: attainted.
of the
K. B. of Sber-
Richard Verney,
bourne, Co. Oxon.
Youngest son.
[Esc. 17 Hen. 8.]
1. Edward
1 w. Frances,;
=3. SirEdmund =
pa w. AwDHEV,=
=3w. Mai<y,=fVVill. St. Fr
Verney, aet.
dau. of John
Verney, Knt.
dau. ofWilham
dau. of John
Barbe, c
18 (38 Hen.
Hastings, Esq.
Sheriff of Herts
Gardiner, Esq.
Blakeney,
Esq. 1st d
8) i oh. V. p.
of Elford, CO.
1 a Eliz ; ob.
of Fulmer, re-
Esq. of
hush. 71
s. p. [Cole's
Oxon, relict of
II Jan. 159,'), at
lict of Sir Peter
Sparbam.co.
[^r.,..Sa. G
Esc. vol. iii.
Thomas Red-
Stonehouse,
Carew.Knt.
Norfolk ; re-
a chev. 5.
p. SIS, n».
man, of North
Chalfont St.
bur. at Aldbury
lict of Will.
Erm. bet. 6.
66.] ; mar.
Marston, ob.
Giles; bur. 13
July 15S3.
St. Barbe,
three leo- C
Dorothy, da.
s. p.
Jan. atAldbury.
[Steele's MSS.
Esq.
pards' faces i
[Steele's MS.
and Clutter-
Or.] 1
Peckliam,
copy of Aldhurv
buck's Herts,
Knt. 1550.
Regist.]
vohi.p 233.]
9. John Ver-
C
ney, oh. s. p.
1. Northampton ; mar. Mary,
lu. of Johu Duncombe, of
torlun in Dintim. [See Pedi-
REEofDuNCO.MBE,p.l63.]
Ralph Vi;rney.
Urian Verney, of Middle-
Claydon, survived his brothers;
"las am..nument at Claydon,
606 . mar. Lettice, dau. of
iirGoorgeGifTard, Knt. lessee
f Claydon ; flescended from the
Jiffnrds ofTwyford, Winslows,
iid Chamherlaynes.^
^ATi?,rdVer.
NEV, Knt. ances-
tor of the Lords
Wllloughby de
Broke.4'
Jane, mar. to Sir
FrancisHvnde,Kt.
ofMadingley, co.
Camb. [Cole'sEse.
vol, iii. p. 2-0.]
Anne, mar. to Sir
Nic. Poynt7.,Knt.
of Acton, co.Gloc.
as his first wife.
MSS.]
[Ha
SirEd.mund Verney, Knt. 2d son ; Knight=f .Margaret, eldest dau. of Sit Tho
Marshal 1632 ; Standard-Learer to K. Ch. I ton, Knt. <if Hillesden, by Susan
1. killed 23 Oct. 1642, at Edge Hill battle
ffit. 52, "his body not found." [Clarendon'
Hist. Peerages, and Cenotaph in Middle
Claydon chancel.]
1. Sir Ralpi
Verney, bapl
John Temple, Esq. of Stowe, bap. at Stowi
17 Nov. 15.04; ob. 5 April 1641, in Lon
Jon, bur. 7 April at Middle Claydi
47. [Par. Regist.]
i Den- Sir Francis Verney, Knt.=URSULA, dau. and h. ; mar.
au. of eldest son, ffit. 14| in 1599, 2dly, to John Clarke, Esq. ;
at his father's death; sold Sdly, to John Chicheley, Esq.
the manors of Quainton, bur. at Aldbury 13 Feb. 1667,
,. Fleet-Marstop, and others; scd iju.f [Steele's MSS.]
ob, s. p. " ajide p'fiigus."
Hillesden
28 Nov. 1613;
M. P. for Bed-
win 1660 ; cr.
Baronet 16
Mar. (13 Car.
21 I661;M.P.
for Bucking-
ham 1681 and
1688 ; ob. 24
Sept. 1696, set.
84, bur. 9 Oct.
at Claydon.
Mary, sole
da, and heiT
of John
Blacknall,
Esq. of
At ingdon
and fla-
sing, CO.
Berks ; ob.
at Blois 1 0
May 1650,
(?(. 34, bur.
at MiddU-
Ctaydon
20 JVoc.
2. Thomas VERNEV,bap.
Hillesden 10 Nov. 161 ;
Captain in the Royal Am
1649; mar. Elizabeth Ke
dal: ob. 27 March 170'
Henrv Verney, bap.
t Hdlesden 19 May
617 : Colonel in the
—r-\
27 Au
92.
. Middle-
3. Si
Edmund Verney,
Knt. bapt.at Hillesden 15
Oct. 1616; Colonel in the
King's Army, Lieutenant
Governor of Drogheda,
killed at the siege there,
11 .Sept. 1649 : s. p.
Claydon.
John Verney, of Wa-
slng, CO Berks, bap,
at Hillesden 27 July
1618, viv. 1688 ; ob.
Susan, mar. to Richard Al- Margaret, bap. at Hillesden
port, E^q. of Cheshire. 2 Oct, 1623 ; mar, to Thomas
2, Penelope, bap. at Hil- Elmes, i,f Greens-Norton, co.
lesden 1 I June, 1622, mur. Northampton; ob. 19th Jan.
1st, to John Denton, Esq. 1699, bur, at Claydon.
of Fawiey, co. Oxou, eldest Carey, mar. 1st, to Sir Thomas
son and heir of Sir Alexan- Gardiner, Knt. ; 2dly, to John
der Denton, Knt. of Hilles- Stewkley, Esq, of Preshut, co.
den J 2dly, toSir JohuOi- Hants; viv. 1688.
borne, Knt. eighth son of Mary, mar. to Robert Lloyd, of
Sir Rlcliard 0=borne, Knt, Cheshire.
and Bt.of KnockmoreCas- Elizabeth, bap. 26 Sept. 1633,
tie, CO. VVaterford;ob.20th at Claydon ; married to Charles
Aug. 1695, wt. 73, buried Adams, Clerk.
at Middle-Claydon.
^ I
Edmund
Esq. bap
1636, at
(of East
1650); <
Verney,:
. 29 Dec.
>b, 1688,
■, 6 Sept.
-Claydon.
Mary, dau.
and heir of
Hilliam
Ahell, Esq^
of East
1. ElizaHETH,:
eldest dau, of
Ralph Palmer,
Esq, of Little
Middlesex ; ob.
20 May 1686,
ffit. 21, bur, at
Claydon.
-1. Sir John Verney
Bart, created 16 Jun(
1703, Baron Vernei
.,f Belturbet, and Vis
count Fermanagh;
M.P. CO. Bucks 1710
for Amtrsham 1713
and 1714; ob. 23 Jun
1717, set. 76, bur. 21
June at Middle- Clay
=i=2,MARY, dau.=
of Sir Francis
Lawlev,Bart, of
Saloj), Master
of the Jewel
House ; ob. 24
Aug.ie94,£et.33,
bur. 29 Aug. at
Middle-Claydon.
-3. Elizabeth,
youngest dau. ol
Daniel Baker,
Esq. Alderman
of London, of
Penu-HousL,
Bucks ; ob, s, p.
Ral
Mary, hap. at Claydon 22
July 1632; buried the
Anna Mahia, bap. 16 Sep.
1634 ; bur. at Claijdnn
22 May 1638.
Margaret (qu Joa
ob.
Bloi,
, D,
rn —
Ralph Ve
22 Feb.
ccelehs, buried at
Middle-Claydon 16
Fell. 1685.
Edmund Verney,
ob. coelebs,28 Feb.
1689-90, aet. 21,
bu. 7 Mar. at Clay-
Mary, bap. at Ralph, 2d Viscount Fer-
Clmjdon 23 Jan. managh and Baron Ver-
1674; mar. to ney ; M.P. for^n!CTs/ia>n
JohnKelynge, 1717,1722; {or H'endu-
Esq.; ob! 10 ver 1741, 1747; Cr. 22
Feb. 1695 6, Mar. 1742 (16 Geo. 2i
ng had issue Earl of Verney ;
one daughter
Mary, who was
buried at Clay-
don 14 .Mayl696.
Oct 1752, bur. 20 Oc
Middle-Claydon.
-Catharine, dau.
and cob. of Henry
Paschall, Esq. if
Baddow-Hall, co.
Essex, mar. in
London 24 Feb.
1707-8, ol'. at
Chelsea, bur. at
Middle-Claydon
90 Dec. 1748,
to Col, John
Lovett ; ob. at
Chelsea, s. p.
bu 20Ai.,1769.
[Ped. of Lovett,]
=pSiR Thomas Cave,
Bart, of Stanford,
,M.' P. for Leicester!
ob. 21 April, 1719,
liur. at Stanford,
[Betham's Bar, vol.
1, p,3S3.J
Verney,
bur. 26
May
1694, at
Middle-
Clay-
don; aet.
7months,
180
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
RiCHyinD =j
= Marv, dau.=i
=JonN
Calvert,
of J.isias
Vernev,
..f Feli'iT
Nicholson,
eldest sou.
Esq. of
born in
Calvert,
Ch.jiham,
London :
Esq. of
CO. Surrey ;
bapt. 8th
Nine
mar. July,
April,
Ashes, CO.
1736, in
1711, at
Herts, l,y
London ,
East Clay-
Eli/abetli
and second-
don i Ob.
his wife,
ly, 1 1 Sept.
V. p 3
sole dan.
17-11 ; ob.
June,
and heir of
vidua, at
1737, bur.
Joshua
Hall-Place,
20 June
Whae,
CO Kent,
at Middle-
Citizen of
6- Jan.
Claydon.
L.md.m ;
1-89.
ob.aiJan.
17 82. [See
PtDlGREE
of Cal-
vert,
y. 18.5.]
■ley;
Sept.
died i
Robert Wright, Clerk,-
son of Rev. Rob. Wright,
Rect.ofOtton-Belchun.p:
ofT.inityC.llese, Oxon.
A.M. 9 Nov. 130,9, Reel.
ofOtton-Belchamp, co.
Essex: Rect. ofMiddle-
Claydou.andVicarofEast-
Clnvdon ; took the n^oie
and' arms of Femey, by
license 28 Feb. 1811 ,
ob. in London 24 April
1820, buried at iMiddle-
Claydon, at. 71.
vert,
Clavdc
KALPM2dEARL=
ofVERNEY,
3J Viscount
Fermauagh, &
Baron Verney,
of Belturbet,
4 th Bar-net,
M.P.for/rc«-
(hver 17o4,
Carmanheo
17b'l, Buck-
iiigliamshire
1768, 1776,
1780, 1790;
will dated 1
Dec. 1786,
May, 1791 ;
ob.'sl March,
1791, 8. p. in
Ciiiz.inStreet,
M.-,y Fair, bur.
ai MlMle-
Clayihn 8Apr.
Cal- Mary Verney,
April posthumous aiid
juand other 21 Oct. 1737,
iof her half bap. 1st Nov.
LadyF ■
:Marv. 2. (at
dau. of rine,
Henry younge
Heriing, dau.; .
Merch. 17 Au:
ofLon- 1750,!
don, and Little-
of Eg- Chelse,
4 th Bart.
Sept.
Law, M. P.
forLeicester;
ob. 7 Aug.
dau. and heir of Charles Pilswortb,
Griffith Davies, Esq. of Oving ; ob.
M. D. of Birrning- vidua 1755.
ham (bvEliialwtb, Penelope, mar. to,
dau. of Sir John Richard Thon.son,
Burgoyne, Bart, of Esq, of Ewell, Co.
Sutton, CO. Beds); Surrey; ob. 1 Oct.
ob. 28 April, 1759, 1786.
26 Aug.i
Claydon.
1. Eliza-
;b ; took with
r husband the
me and arms of
her uncle Ralph
lastEarl Verney;
cr.iaJune, 1792,
liaroness Ferma-
nagh oftheKinn-
dom of Ireland;
will dated 18 Mar.
IBOl; ob innupt. '
15 Nov. ISIO,
iEt. 73, buried at
Middle- Claydon.
n,ar. 2dly,
in 1757,
Frances,
da.of VVm.
Noel, Esq.
,Sd:y,1761,
Margaret,
dau. of
Tho-
Cave,
eth
Bart.
May,
=Sarah, SirChaiiles
dau. of Cave, 8tb
J. Ed- Bart. Clerk,
wards, A.M Rec-
Esq of torofThhlg-
Lon- don, CO.
don. Northampt.
Vic. of 'Ihe-
dingworth.
Penelope, ob.
innupl. 28
Apr. 1771.
Margaret,
mar. to John
Moses, Esq.
ofHull;2dly,
iTh<
Rob
toS.rHEthe
rington, Bart
Sir Thomas Ca
7th Bart. M. P
for Leicester 171
zLucy, dau. of the Rev. Robert, 4 th
Earl of Harhoroush (brother ar.d
heir of Bennet 3d Earl) by Jane,
dau. of William Reeves, Esq. his 2d
wife ; mar. 2 June, 1791 ; 2dly, in
1798, to the Hon. Pliillp Pusey,
brother of Jacob Earl of Radnor.
Sir John Vernev, eldest son of Sir Ralph (the Lord Mayor), married Margaret, daughter of Sir
Rob. Whytingham, Knt. of Pendley, co. Herts, ^ on whose attainder, 4 Nov. 1 Edw. IV.^ his lands
were seised by the Crown, and subsequently granted to Sir Thomas Montgomery, Knt.'^ and
his heirs male : and the reversion being given to Sir Ralph Verney, he was permitted to
come to an agreement with Sir Thomas Montgomery, respecting those estates ; ■* and in 1472,
Whytingham's attainder being reversed,^ and Margaret restored in blood, and enabled to claim as
heir to her father, it was settled that Sir Tho. Montgomery and Sir Ralph Verney should enjoy
the greater part of Whytingham's estates for life, with remainder to certain trustees : and a fine was
levied, to which John Verney and Margaret were parties, and Whytingham's feoffees conveyed the
remainder in fee to Sir Ralph Verney ; who, in 1478, by will directed the conveyance of divers
manors, &.c. to his son Sir John Verney, Knt. and Margaret, and the heirs of their bodies, with
other remainders : but surviving his said son John, this manor, at the death of Sir Ralph, devolved
to his grandson Ralph, eldest son of Sir John Verney by Margaret Whytingham. Ralph married
first Margery, daughter of John Iwardby, Esq. ;'^ secondly, Anne, daughter of Sir .... Weston,
Knt. and thirdly, Elizal)eth, widow of John Breton, Es(|. Sheriff of London. When about to marry
Anno Weston, he made a settlement ('20 Oct. 3 Hen. VIII.) of two hundred marks per aim. out of
' See MciisLEY and Pedighee of Whytingham. " See Rot. Pari. vol. v. p. tSi), and vol. vi. p. 317.
3 Rot. Pat. 1 Edw. IV. Cal. p. 301. ■• Willis's MSS. vol. 20. ^ Rot. Pari. 1 IIcii. VII. vol. iii p. Si:
' See QuAiNTON and Missenden, and Pedigrees of Missenden and Iwardbv.
"**iY*'*
MIDDLE-CLAYDON. 181
his lands, to her use for hfe, with remainder to himself and the heirs of his body, remainder over
to the heirs of the body of Dame Margaret his mother, with ultimate remainder to his own right
heirs: and after the celebration of his marriage Sir Ralph suffered a recovery of Claydon manor,
with lands here (excepting the site of the manor and mansion house, which had been demised to
Roger Giftard for 99 years) and another recovery, in the 4th and 5th of Henry VIII. of the man-
sion, Giftard's farm, and other lands before reserved, to the use of himself and his heirs. Before
his third marriage, he declared by an indenture (14 April 152'2) that his recoverers should stand
seised of all the before mentioned estates, to the use of Elizabeth Breton his intended wife, for her
life, with remainder to himself and his heirs. In 1524 the recoverers granted the demised pre-
mises to Ralph Verney, jnn. and John Cheney, hahend. to Ralph and his heirs begotten : and after
the death of Sir Ralph Verney, it was found by an inquisition (17 Hen. VIII.) that his grandfather
Sir Ralph had two sons, John and Ralph, l>oth Knights : that John, the elder, died before his father,
leaving issue Ralph and Robert (and reciting the marriages as shown in the table) ; that Ralph
Verney made his will, 8 May 15-25, and died, the same day, leaving by Margery Iwardby, his first
wife, " Ralph Verney, son and heir both of his father and his mother, aged fifteen years and a half
and upwards: Francis, second son, lord of the manor of Salden, Richard, third son, and three
daughters : besides an illegitimate daughter Cecily."' Sir Ralph Verney's estates descended to his
eldest son Ralph,^ who married Elizabeth, sister and coheir of John Lord Bray,^ by whom he had
a numerous family : of whom Urian,'' a younger son, by his marriage with Lettice, daughter of Sir
George Gifflird, Knt.-^ reunited to the family estates, the interest of the Gifl^ards, in a lease of " the
site of the manor of Middle- Claydon, with the demesne lands, meadows, and pastures," which had
been held to farm by Roger Giffard in 1495,'' and which is mentioned in his will, dated 29 Sept.
30 Henry VIII. and proved 8 Feb. 1542, as renewed 14 Nov. 1535 by Ralph Verney, of Pendley,
and of which lease 95 years were, at the making of his will, " to come, and unexpired."
Sir Ralph Verney, the father, died in 1546, seised of Claydon, and was succeeded by his son Sir
Ednumd Verney, Knt. who married first Frances Hastings,'^ secondly. Dame Awdrey, relict of Sir
Peter Carew, Knt. and daughter of Will. Gardiner, Esq. of Fulmer, and the Vache in Chalfont.
She died, and was buried at Albury or Aldbury, co. Herts, in the chancel aisle, built by Sir Ed-
mund Verney, and into which he removed the remains of some of his ancestors from the church
at Ashridge,^ and where, besides other memorials of the family, are effigies of Sir Ralph Verney,
Knt. and Dame Elizabeth his wife, with their twelve children : having on his surcoat the arms of
' Clutterbuck's Herts, vol. i. p. 283. Cecily, in Stemmata Cliicheleana, No. 523, is said to have been the daughter of
Sir Jnhn Verney, of" Pendley, but as no account of his having liad a daughter of that name is discovered in the family
pedigree, or in the public records, it seems probable that it was this Cecily who was married to Sir Edw. Chamberlain,
K. B. but whether the ancestor of Sir George Giffiird, of Claydon, whose daughter Lettice was married to Urian Verney,
or whether Mary Chamberlain, daughter of Sir Edward, was the wife of Ralph Giffard, brother of Sir George, is not
certain.
" Francis Verney, of Salden, and his younger brother Richard, were not the sons of .Margery Iwardby, under whose
efBgies, on her monument in Quainton church, are the figures of one son only, and three daughters; the younger sons
of Sir Ralph being by his second marriage : this mistake in the genealogy having probably arisen from Cole's im-
perfect copy of the inquisition, and the insertion of the word their in the account of the issue of Sir Ralph Verney. See
Cole's Esc. vol. iii. n". 66, p. 218, and Clutterbuck's Herts, vol. i. p. 283.
3 See Mentmore, and Pedigree of Bray.
•" This unusual name is said to be of Danish origin, signifying a husbandman.
5 See Pedigree of Giffard in Twyford. « Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl.
' In 1552 (5 Ed. VI.) Sir Edmund suffered a recovery of lands, &c. in Herts : and in 1560 (3 Eliz.) levied a fine to
John Hastings, of Middle Claydon manor, &c. to the use of himself and his heirs. Willis's iVISS. vol. ii.
^ Clutterbuck's Herts, vol. i. pp. 284, 288 n.
MIDDLE-CLAYDON. 181
his lands, to her use for life, with remainder to himself and the heirs of his body, remainder over
to the heirs of the body of Dame Margaret his n^other, with ultimate remainder to his own right
heirs: and after the celebration of his marriage Sir Ralph suffered a recovery of Claydon manor,
with lands here (excepting the site of the manor and mansion house, which had been demised to
Roger Giftard for 99 years) and another recovery, in the 4th and 5th of Henry VIII. of the man-
sion, GiiFard's farm, and other lands before reserved, to the use of himself and his heirs. Before
his third marriage, he declared by an indenture (14 April 152"2) that his recoverers should stand
seised of all the before mentioned estates, to the use of Elizabeth Breton his intended wife, for her
life, with remainder to himself and his heirs. In 1524 the recoverers granted the demised pre-
mises to Ralph Verney, jun. and John Cheney, hahend. to Ralph and his heirs begotten : and after
the death of Sir Ralph Verney, it was found by an inquisition (17 Hen. VIII.) that his grandfather
Sir Ralph had two sons, John and Ralph, l.>oth Knights : that John, the elder, died before his father,
leaving issue Ralph and Robert (and reciting the marriages as shown in the table) ; that Ralph
Verney made his will, 8 May 15-25, and died, the same day, leaving by Margery Iwardby, bis first
wife, " Ralph Verney, son and heir both of his father and bis mother, aged fifteen years and a half
and upwards : Francis, second son, lord of the manor of Saldin, Richard, third son, and three
daughters: besides an illegitimate daughter Cecily."' Sir Ralph Verney's estates descended to his
eldest son Ralph,^ who married Elizabeth, sister and coheir of John Lord Bray,^ by whom he had
a numerous family : of whom Urian,'' a yoimger son, by his marriage with Lettice, daughter of Sir
George Giffard, Knt.-'^ reunited to the family estates, the interest of the Giftards, in a lease of " the
site of the manor of Middle- Claydon, with the demesne lands, meadows, and pastures," which had
been held to farm by Roger Giffard in 1495,'^ and which is mentioned in his will, dated 29 Sept.
30 Henry VIII. and proved 8 Feb. 1542, as renewed 14 Nov. 1535 by Ralph Verney, of Pendley,
and of which lease 95 years were, at the making of his will, " to come, and unexpired."
Sir Ralph Verney, the father, died in 1546, seised of Claydon, and w^as succeeded by his son Sir
Edmund Verney, Knt. who married first Frances Hastings,'' secondly, Dame Awdrcy, relict of Sir
Peter Carew, Knt. and daughter of Will. Gardiner, Esq. of Fulmer, and the Vache in Cbalfont.
She died, and was buried at Albury or Aldbury, co. Herts, in the chancel aisle, built by Sir Ed-
mund Verney, and into which he removed the remains of some of his ancestors from the church
at Ashridge,^ and where, besides other memorials of the family, are effigies of Sir Ralph Verney,
Knt. and Dame Elizabeth his wife, with their twelve children : having on his surcoat the arms of
' Clutterbuck's Herts, vol. i. p. 283. Cecily, in Steuimata Cliicheleana, No. 523, is said to have been the daughter of
Sir John Verney, of Pendley, but as no account of his having liad a daughter of that name is discovered in the family
pedigree, or in the public records, it seems probable that it was this Cecily who was married to Sir Edw. Chamberlain,
K. B. but whether the ancestor of Sir George Giffard, of Claydon, whose daughter Lettice was married to Urian Verney,
or whether Mary Chamberlain, daughter of Sir Edward, was the wife of Ralph Giffard, brother of Sir George, is not
certain.
' Francis Verney, of Salden, and his younger brother Richard, were not the sons of Margery Iwardby, under whose
effigies, on her monument in Quainton church, are the figures of one son only, and three daughters; the younger sons
of Sir Ralph being by his second marriage : this mistake in the genealogy having probably arisen from Cole's im-
perfect copy of the inquisition, and the insertion of the word their in the account of the issue of Sir Ralph Verney. See
Cole's Esc. vol. iii. n". 66, p. 218, and Clutterbuck's Herts, vol. i. p. 283.
3 See Mentmore, and Pedigree of Bkay.
" This unusual name is said to be of Danish origin, signifying a husbandman.
5 See Pedigree of Giffard in Twyford. « Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl.
' In 1552 (5 Ed. VI.) Sir Edmund suffered a recovery of lands, &c. in Herts : and in 1560 (3 Eliz.) levied a fine to
John Hastings, of Middle Claydon manor, &c. to the use of himself and his heirs. Willis's MSS. vol. ii.
' Clutterbuck's Herts, vol. i. pp. 284, 288 n.
182 ASHENDOX HUNDRED.
Vernei), Aignell, and If^Jiyt'wgham, quarterly, and on the mantle of the lady, her family arms of
Bray, quarterly, with an escutcheon of pretence for HaUhoell, Norhuri/, Bofeler, and Stidelei/ :
as represented in the accompanying plate, for which this work is indehted to theliberahty and kind-
ness of William Bray, Escp and Robert Clutterbuck, Esq. the learned and ingenious historians of
Surrey and Hertfordshire.
Sir P]dmund Yerney married, thirdly, Mary, daughter of John Blakeney, relict of William St.
Barbe. Esc|. and died 11 Jan. 42 Eliz. seised of " Middle-Claydon manor, a capital messuage called
Giftard's farme, at 27/. lOi-. 5^. per ami. with suit of court, and the advowson of the church, held
of the Earl of Rutland in soccage, by fealty only: and of Stone-house, in Chalfont St. Peter and
Chalfont St. Giles, held of the manor of the Vache, by services unknown, being granted by patent
22 Aug. 7 Edw. IV. to Ralph Verney, citizen and Alderman of London, and the heirs of his body,
with remainder to the Crown.'
Francis, eldest son of Sir Edmund, married, some few months before his father's death, Ursula,
daughter of William St. Barbe, Esq. by Mary, daughter of John Blakeney, Esq. who being the third
wife of Sir Edmund Verney, was consequently mother-in-law of the said Francis. He was then
about fourteen years of age, and Ursula thirteen. He was afterwards knighted, and about 1G2;J
went into Spain, either as an attendant upon Prince Charles, when a match was proposed with the
Infanta, or in the train of the then newly created Duke of Buckingham. He had been, in 1G06, a
party with Edmund his brother and Dame Mary his mother-in-law, to a deed of settlement of cer-
tain estates, to which Urian Verney, his uncle, was an attesting witness. -
Ednumd Verney, second son, is reputed to have been born 7 April 1590, but this appears to be
doubtfid, for he was found by an inquisition held at his father's death in 1599, to have been ten
years of age a?id upicards : and a popular and uncontradicted tradition has always rejjresented his
mother to have died at his birth.^ He was knighted, and in 1G32 (8 Car. I.) was Knight Marshal
of the King's House and Verges'^ and gallantly fell in the battle of Edge-hill, on Sunday 23 Oct.
1()43 : being slain " in that charge when Sir Will. Balfour, with a reserve of horse, broke in upon
the foot belonging to the King's army," after the battle seemed to have been decided in favour of
the royalists, and they were pursuing the fugitive enemy.^ Another account is, that " ])y his place
of Knight Marshal he, holding the royal standard at Nottingham, said, that by the grace of God,
they that would wrest that standard from his hand, must first wrest his soul from his body: and
at Edge-hill, where he boldly charged with the King's standard, among the thickest of the rebels,
that the soldiers might be engaged to follow him, and was offered his life by a throng of enemies,
who surrounded him, on condition that he would deliver the standard; he rejected the offer, and
lost his life, with great courage and honour: sixteen gentlemen having on that day fallen by his
hand."^ Although " the body of Sir Ednumd Verney was not found," there is a tradition of one
of his hands having i)een discovered amongst the remains of the slain, on the field of battle, and
identified by a ring : to this has been added a story of his hand and arm having been buried at
Pendley, in Herts: but the family estate there had been previously sold, and the remains of Dame
Margaret, wife of Sir Edmund, interred at Middle-Claydon in the year preceding that in which he
was killed : and no account is discovered at Aldbury, which parish includes Pendley, and was the
burial place of the Verneys, in support of that part of the tradition: but an ancient ring, formerly
in the hands of Mrs. Verney of Claydon, and since of Sir Harry Verney, Bart, is still shown, and
' Esc, 15 May, 4-2 Eliz. Cole's MSS. vol. iii. p. 461. ' From tlie original Deed at Middle-Claydon.
' See Pediouke of Vernf.y, p. 179 ; also p. 183. ■> MSS. in Mus. Brit.
•' Hist, of the Uebellion, vol. ii. |it. i. pp. tS, 52, 53, ed. 8vo. 1707. " Irish Peerage, 17-15, Vekney.
MIDDLE-CLAYDON. 183
accredited as the ring found at Edge-hill on the finger of the standard-bearer. It is of fine golil,
formed for the little finger ; and has beneath a small oval crystal a painted portrait of King
Charles. The tradition that " Sir Edmund I'erney ivas neither horn nor buried" is grounded on
the belief that he was brought into the world by the Caesarian operation, his mother dying du-
rante partu, and his body never having been found. This is quite consistent with his being the
son of Dame Awdrey, second wife of Sir Edmund Verney, and brother of the whole blood to Sir
Francis, whose heir he was,' but is opposed by his age on the monument, and in vario<is other
accounts of him. However inauspicious his entrance into life, his death was glorious : firmly
attached by loyalty and affection to his Prince, and
" greatly falling, with a falling State." '
After the death of Sir Ralph Verney, Bart, son and heir of Sir Edmund, who survived his eldest
son and /?/* issue,^ the estate devolved to his second son John Verney, who (16 June 1703) was
by Queen Anne created Buron Verney of Bclturbet, co. Cavan, and Viscount Fermanagh : his
patent expressing the fidelity and loyalty of his grandfather the Knight Marshal, and the loss of
his life at Edge-hill, also the sufferings of his father in the civil wars and the usurpation.*
Ralph Verney, who in 1717 succeeded to his father's honours, and was the second Viscount
Fermanagh, was, 7 Feb. 16 Geo. II. created Earl of Verney, in the Province of Leinster. He sur-
vived his eldest son John, and dying in 175'2, was succeeded by Ralph his second son, who was the
second Earl of Verney, and made Claydon his chief residence during some years, but was com-
pelled to reduce his establishment, and retired to France, where he lived in great privacy, chiefly
near Calais, until the close of his life. He survived Mary Countess of Verney only a few months,
and dying in 1791 was interred here. As a pohtician he joined the coalition of Frederick Lord
North, Fox, and Burke, but was more remarkable for his profusion to some of his associates than
for his genius or abilities as a senator: although much respected in this county, of which he was
one of the representatives in Parliament ; and so firmly supported by his partizans, that at a criti-
cal period, in the decline of his life, and during his absence, he only failed, by some few votes, of
securing his election as one of its knights, after a violent and long protracted contest. Lavish in
■ Willis, Cole, and others, have inserted the name of Sir Edmund in the family pedigree, as the son of Mary Blakeney,
his father's /AiVrf wife; but he was, according to the inquisition held at Missenden, 15 May, 42 Eliz. ten years of age at
his father's death, and therefore could not have been her son : nor, if he had, could have been the heir of his brother
Francis, as stated in the same inquisition, unless he also had been the son of the said Mary : Urian his uncle being then
alive, who being unquestionably of the whole blood, would have been preferred in the inheritance : nor could the con-
stantly accredited tradition of his birth have then been true.
' Addison. 3 See Pedigree: also EastClaydon, p. 164.
^ Anna, D. G. Anglie, Scotie, Francie, et Hib. Keg. F. D. &c. . . Cujus avus Edmundus "Verney, angustissimo et beata;
memoriae avo Regioque Martyri Carolo primo tenaciter adhaerens et strenue inserviens, honori Equitis Aurati et officio
Militis Marescalli Hospitii Regis donatus est, et Vexillifer etiamlRegius in funestissirao illo pra;lio apud Edge-hill, fortiter
sed infeliciter occubuit. Patre preterea natus Radulpho Verney, Milit. et Baronetto, qui fidelitate innata cum utroq.
Carolo, avo n'ro et avunculo, res adversas equanimiter sustinuit, opibus etagris eisque non minimis interim scelerate sur-
reptis, &c. sciatis, &c. Per breve de privato sigillo, 16 Jun. 2 An. Reg.— Wrighte. Ex Pat, ips. autograph, penes
Har. Verney, Bar.
In a grant of Supporters to the Arms of Verney, by Hawkins, Ulster King at Arms, it is also recited, that his two
uncles. Sir Edmund Verney, Knt. and Henry Verney, Esq. with great courage and conduct, faithfully discharged the
honourable command of Colonels in the Kings army, during the long and great defection from the Crown, the former
of whom was basely murdered at the taking of Drogheda by the prevailing rebels under the arch-traitor Cromwell," &c.
— the supporters being two lions guardant, winged, Or. [From the original at Claydon.]
184
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
his personal expenses, and fond of show, he was one of the last of the English nobility, who, to
the splendour of a gorgeous equipage, attaehed musicians, constantly attendant upon him, not
only on state occasions, but in his journcvs and visits : a brace of tall negroes with silver French-
horns behind his coach and six, perpetually making a noise like Sir Henry Sidney's "trompeters"
in the days of Elizabeth, " blowinge very joyfully to behold and see." '
On his death without issue, his titles became extinct: but by his will, dated 1 Dec. 1786, and
])roved in 1791, his estates were bequeathed to the Countess his wife, who having died in his hfe-
time, and no subsequent disposal of his lands being made, the reversion in fee devolved to his
niece and heir-at-law, Mary Verney (posthumous daughter and only child of his elder brother, the
Hon. John Verney) who, by patent 13 June 17!)'2, was created Baroness Fermanagh, in the king-
dom of Ireland ; and died unmarried 1.5 Nov. 1810; whereupon her title became extinct, and the
heirs of the blood of the Verneys are only to be traced in the female line," from the first Viscount
Fermanagh.
Mary Vernev, Baroness Fermanagh, by her will, dated 18 Mar. 1801, and proved 7 Dec. 1810,
l)equeathed her estates to her maternal half sister Catharine (wife of the Rev. Rob. Wright) daugh-
ter of Richard Calvert, Esq. by Mary third daughter of Josias Nicholson, Esq. relict of the Hon.
John Vernev, father of the testatrix:^ which Catharine Wright and her husband, in pursuance of
the will, took, by royal license 28 Feb. 1811, the name and arms of Verney, instead of those
of Wright ; and dying without issue 9 Jan. 1827 in her widowhood, all the estates of the family of
Verney in Bucks, of which she was then seised, passed under her will, dated 26 Jan. 1819, and
proved at London in 1827, to Sir Harry Calvert, Bart, eldest son of General Sir Harry Calvert,
Bart. G.C.B. and K.G.H. (deceased), grandson of Felix Calvert by Mary his wife, sister of Richard
Calvert, Esq. father of the before mentioned Catharine Verney; whose pedigree is annexed.
PEDIGREE OF CALVERT and VERNEY.
From MSS. of the Fa
Or and Sab. a bend C.unl
s, Clutterbuck's Hist, of He
d. Ci;
[CI,
irbuck,
, ducal coronet Or,
al. iii.p. 335.]
jranted to Sir Harry Calvert 28 April, 1816, and tile descendants of Felix Calvert, Esq.
■ailed CounterchangeH. Cresf, out of a mural crowo Arg. tivo flagstaffs erict Arg. the.
M- Pean. Siipporlers. granted 30th April as G. C. B. on either side a Impard gard. Pio|
efrom a chain reflected over the back Or, on the shoulder a cross flory of the n.st.
ions, the dexter Or, the other Sab. staves Gu.
ndfather ; Party of six Ermiuois and Pean a bend
;d with a mural crown Arg. charged with 3 pellets,
Rev. ..
.. Calvert,
r Calvcrd,
of Andover, co
. Hants, nat. 1555 ; mort. 1624,^=
k'Iix
Calverd, b.irn 18 Aug=pELizA
BETH. ..r Susan- Susan,
bo,n 19 Feb.
579. Gervase (called Sarah in Hist. Anne, boru 28 March 1590.
1 .596,
of Little Hadham, c.i. nah,
dau. .,f Edith,
born 25 July 1581. of Herts) born 9 Dec. 1584. Catherine,!.. 14 June 1593.
Herts
: bur. 18 May 1671, at 13etts
of C.dchester ; Christ
AN, born 13 Octo- Judith, b.,rn 15 Dec. 1.586. Elizabeth, born 20 Novem-
Little
Hadham. [MS. Pedigree.] ob. 1669. her IS
S2.
Mary, born 10 Aug. 1589. ber 159.5.
,o'-
Felix CALVERD.b. 1S=fJoane
, Thomas =pANNE, .la..,
Pf.TER CaL-=
pH.)NOR, J<.HN=... Mary, born 12 June 1622.
r*i.-
Feb. 1623, <if Alhury
dau. c
f Calvehd.
VV.Ambros
, VLRD, b. 10
dau. of Cal- Susanna, bur. 23 Jun. 1632, at Great Hadham.
VERD
Hall, CO. Herts, and
b.l62'),of
..fRea.ling
May 1630,
H.mor VERT, Mary, b. 9 May 1633, ■• mar. to Geo. Cole-
h. 12
Ferneaux Pelham : ob.
Day"
St.G.les's,
CO. Berks,
ofNine-
Bates of b.'2D ridge, or Cori.ridge, and had issue three
May
22 Mar. 1698; will
of
Cripple-
b. March
Ashes, in
Hert- Mar. sous and daughters " living 1674. [Clutter-
Ifa-.O
dated 27 Aug. 1697,
Had-
pate,
l631:ob.l
Hunsdon,
ford. u;36: buck's Herts.]
ob.-
proved 10 INI ay 1699.
ham.
L..nd. ob.
Feb. 1810,
CO. Herts :
ob. Jane, b. 8 Mar. 1634 ; mar. to Will. Feast.
Dec.
'f
25 Sept.
bur. at
ob. 27 Jan.
B. p. Sarah, U. 16 June 1639, mar. to Geo. Beiin;
UW4.
Calvert of Hunsdon.
1668.
Reading.
a
1675.
bur. 3 June 1706, at Braughing, co. Herts.
Blakeway's Hist, of Shrewsbury, vul. ii. p. 37t.
" See Pedigree of Verney, p. 180.
MIDDLE-CLAYDON.
185
Ambrose
Felix Calvert, b. 1663,=^
pMARY, da.
Susanna,
Fel.x
Calvert,
ofAllniryHall, CO. Herts,
ofSirTho.
mar. to
inf. iEt. in
and Marsham, co. Berl;s :
Winning-
Mar.
166'8.
M. P. for Reading 1713,
ton, Bt. of
Sarah,
ob.8.
1715 : ob. 23 Dec. 1736',
Stanford
inar. to
April
bur. at Albury. [MS. Pe-
Court, CO.
Richard
at Hl
digree.]
Wore. ub.
17-2!).
Onsb.iv,
Esq.
d.m.
1 1 '
n ' r ' ' ^. '
1 1 1
'
^Elizabeth, sole
daughter and heir
of Joshua White,
of London : ob.
2.9 August 1722,
tet. 48, bur. at
Peteh Cal-
vert, killed
at Chester,
"1 — I — I
Honor, mar. to her cousin Williar
Calvert, E,q. of Ferneaux-Pelliam
Sheriff of Camb. 1690 : ob. 31 Jar
1724, set. 53, bur. 7 Feb. at Ferneau
Pel ham.
Susanba, mar. to Sir Alex. Rigby.
Jane ; bur. ,9 April 167G, at Huns
Fi
cisCal- Cal-
vert, vert,
[MS.Pe- of
digree.] Red
3. Thos. Lion-
Cal- sq.St.
vert, b. Geo.,
11 Feb. CO.
1694. Midx.
William ob.
Cal-
vert,
May
JohnCa
dau. b. 1709 ; ob.
of ... 22 Sep. 1739,
Ni- bur. at Albury.
cho- Edw.Calvert,
las: b.20Mar.l709,
ob. bur. 1 Aug.
1778, 1727,atArbury.
bur.31 Rich. Calvert,
30 Julyl713:
.Fflix
ob. Cal-
12, VERT, b
y. 1 693 :
at Al-
bury.
No
Albury.
Geo. Calvei
74 0, bur. 5 (
Sept.
Frances.
Anne, mar. to
Joseph Hall.
Honor, mar. to
Peter Calvert,
Esq. son of Fe-
lix Calvert,Esq.
ofHunsdon.co.
Herts.
Jane, b. 30 Jul.
1711 : ob. 5
Jun. 1734, bur.
at Albury.
Mary, mar. to
Rob. Farrin-
don, Esq.
May, a
Albury.
Mary,
S.R.CH^
=MARY,3d^
mar. 6
Cal-
dr.&coh.
Feb.
vert,
of Josias
1723;
Esq. of
Nichol-
bur. 26
Hall-
son, Esq.
May
place,
of Clap-
1757,
ham, CO.
at Al-
Kent,
Surrey,
burv.
ob.
widow of
31 Jan.
the Hod.
John
Verney:
ob. 6 Jan.
1789.
.Mary, Ba
Ferman/
[See Pedi
ofVERNE
-- r-r-r-r-
ofSt.
Geo.
Han-
sq.
July
1736:
ob.3
1737.
aaroness
dau. of
Felix
Calvert
1756,
bur. 2
April.
don. ^
Calverts of
Huttou,
CO. Essex,
and London.
Honor.
Susanna
Mary.
Anne.
[Clutter
buck 5
Herts, V
p. 163].
Thomas Cal-
Oct.
1723:
ofHutton,c<
Essex, and
Herts ;
John Calvert, b.
6 May 1726, of Al-
bury, Esq. M. P.
for Hertford in 7
Parliaments of
Geo. 3., for Tam-
worth in 2, for Dec. 1792,
Wmdover nbi: mar. to Mary,
ob.22,bur.29Feb. dau. of Peter
1804, at Albury, Calvert, Esq.
mar. to Elizabeth, of Hunsdon :
dau. of Sir Edw.
Hulse, Bart. Sep.
1757, bur. 26 Feb.
1807, set. 75.=p
>^Tt
2, at Bath.
Felix Calvert, Peter
b. 1728, of St. Cal-
Giles's Cripple- vert,
gate, Lond. Esq. Esq.
ob. 18, bur. 25 b. 13
Oct. 1764, at Sept.
Albury, mar. 1733,
Rebecca, dau. of of
Thos. Bayley, Hamp-
Esq.of Alleslev, ton-
co. Warw. 9 Feb. Court,
1758, at St. CO.
Bene't's, Paul's Midx.
Wharf, Lond. ; ob.
2dly, toSirYel- 6 Dec.
verton Peyton, 1810.
Bart. 19 March
1773.=f
Calvert of
East Indies.
Thos.
Reeve,
M. D.
1742:
ob. 19
April
Mary, b.6Mayl725:
ob.innupt.Apr.l776.
Elizabeth, b.28 Jun.
1730, mar. 4 Dec.
1765, to Dr. James
Burnett, of G
to Rev.
Robert
- Wright:
took the
Richard GeorgeCal-
Calvert, vert, Lieut,
of Line. Coldstream
Inn, Lond Reg. Guards
20 De<
I Chi
31 Ja
Anstey, Esq.
Trumpingto
Camb. : ob.
1812, £et. SO.
Jane, mar. 7 May
1759,toTho.West-
Esq. of Abing-
don-hall.
Honori
[See Pedi-
gree of
Verney.]
Fulmer,
Commis.
of Bank-
5 May
1788,
Mary,
778,
ried Mary,
sole
of
Richard Had-
dock, Esq. by
Mary, dau. of
Charles
Compton,
brother of
James Earl
and ofNorth-
nf. 21
all, of
5oreham
o. Essex
ob.
Sm H
RRY Calvert, Bart. &c
born March 1763
2nd Lt. 23d R
eg. 24
Apr.
1778
Lt. of=p
Foot G
uards Feb.
1790
Aid-de-Camp to H R. H.
Fred.
Duke
of
Vork
17.93
and 1
■,94, in
Hollan
: Col. 14
Reg.
of Foot
: Dep. Adjutant-ge
sea-Hospital June
n. 29
Apr.
1790 : Adjutant-gen.
9 Jan.
1799:
Lieut.-Go
ernor
of Che
1320
U.C
B.
1815
and of th
Royal
Guelph
c Order ;
cr. 3 Oct. 1818
Baronet : M.iior-G
en. 25
Sept.
1803 : Lt
-Gen
. 1810
: Gen.
1821:
ob. 4 Sept
1826
, at Middle-Claydon.
1
Caroline, dau. of Thos. Hammers-
lev, Esq. Banker, in Pall- Mall, Lon-
don ; mar. at St. James's Westmr.
8 June 1799 : ob. , bur. at
, removed Sept. 1S26
to Middle-Claydon.
Fredei
Calve!
b. 9 Ju
. the Re
W.Cu
Mary, b. IB Apr. 1800,
Emily Caroline.
Ann-Frances, mar. to Abel Smith, Esq. son of Samu
Lord Carrington. [See Pedigree of Smith.]
m, A.M. Vi
Smith, Es(
of Harrow, to. Middles,
nd nephew of Robert
Sir Harry Calvert, Bart. Capt.
Grenad. Guards, b. 7 Dec. 1801 :
took (by Royal Licence 23 March
1827) the name of Verney. i^ii^
Sir Harry Verney, Bart, having by royal licence taken the name of Verney (instead of
his paternal name of Calvert) with permission to bear the arms of Verney quarterly with his pater-
nal arms, is the present possessor of this manor, mansion-house, and estate, and patron of the
church.
THE VILLAGE
consists, besides the mansion of the Verneys and the Rectory house, of detached cottages and
farms irregularly distributed amongst fields and pastures.
VOL. I. 2 b
18G ASHENDON HUNDRED.
In 1598 (42 Eliz.) this parish was assessed to the provision for the Queen's household at
24s. \^d. per ann. and Giftlird's farm and hinds 11. 18s. 3rf.
In 1815 it was assessed to the property tax on A\21l. per ann. Expenses of the poor in 1776,
were 12/. 2s. \d. In 1783, returned at 62/. In 1785, 71/. 6s. \d. In 1812, 56/. lis. In 1822,
55/. {h. Popuhition in 1821, houses 18; faniihes 19, males 92, females 68 : total 160.
MIDDLE-CLAYDON HOUSE.
The old mansion, supposed to have been built by the Verneys in the reign of Henry VII.' being
included in the premises demised to the Giftards,- was more probably erected by Roger Giffard the
lessee (who certainly rebuilt the chancel, if not the whole of the parish church) or by Sir Georjje
Giffard his son : and here the Giffards resided, until the residue of the term of their lease passed
by the marriage of Letticc, daughter of Sir George Giffard, to Urian Verney, Esq. The house was
enlarged in the time of the first Viscount Fermanagh, and at length coming into the possession of
his descendant Ralph second Earl of Verney, was almost entirely rebuilt, with the addition of a
magnificent front towards the west, in the Italian style. The principal entrance was designed,
through a saloon, comprising a cube of fifty feet, containing a circle of lofty columns of artificial
jasper with white marble bases and capitals, supporting an entablature and gallery, with an iron
balustrade, lighted by windows in the tympanum, and crowned with a dome, which above the roof
of the saloon, was exteriorly enclosed with a balustrade of stone, and contained a circular belvi-
derc, from the windows of which were very beautiful views of the surrounding country to a great
distance, extending to the ^Yelsh mountains. The dome, with a gilt pine-apple on its summit, was
an oljject of great attraction from various parts of the neighbouring counties.
North of the saloon was a ball-room 98 feet 10 inches long by 50 feet wide ; and on the south
side three noble apartments, one of 49 feet by 32 feet 8 in. and two others of the same length by
27 feet 6 in. all of them 24 feet 3 inches high : with other rooms of correspondent dimensions
above, fitted up in the Gothic and Chinese style, and the walls, chimney-pieces, and ceilings
elaborately finished. In the ball-room, was a fine piece in alto-relievo in the centre of the ceiling,
representing Venus supported by Bacchus and Ceres with their emblems, designed and executed
by Patroli, an Italian artist of great ingenuity, long employed here. When this mansion came into
the possession of Mary Baroness Fermanagh, the saloon, ball-room, and bclvidere were taken
down : the south wing of the new building only, being permitted to remain, still forms part of the
mansion : -^ which also contains a spacious staircase inlaid with ivory, ebony, and woods of various
colours, having a richly wrought iron balustrade, representing standing corn, on spiral springs,
which give motion to the stalks. On the staircase are the family arms : and over the chimney in
a long room, called the tenants' hall, in the south front (which is plain, without architectural ele-
gance or ornament) is a shield with the following rjuarterings :
1. Verney, 2. Airjnell. 3. JJ'/iij/uii/kam. 4. BuchlanrL 5. Iivardby. 6. Missenden. 1. Frame. 8. Spigurxell.
9. Braose. 10. Fitz-Vi'alter. 11. Buhm. 12. Newmarch. 13. Bray, ancient. 14. Bray, modern. 15. Halli-
well. IG. Norbury. 11. Crosier. IS. Dabernon. 19. Bolehr. 2{). Pantii]ph. 21. S/idcky. 22. Montfort. 23.
De la Plawich. 24. Haver sham -. and 25. Blacknall : with the crest, a plucnix in flames Proper, and motto,
" Ung seul ung soit."
' Lysons's Mag. Brit. vol. i. ]i. 5t3 : and Brittoii and Brayley's Beauties of England. ■ Sec p. ISl.
' The dome, with its ornaments, was transferred to Merewortli, in Kent, the seat of the Staplctons, Lords le De-
spenser.
TIEB @EjB M1^MSII®M AIT MEIKBII.IE GILA'S'BOMc
1
SOUTH
E
(fl
; :. b
-31
i
_r^-i_
J^l
5:.l: p^
rWV*:^
i J^-r-^
1 FT* *~ ,1
1
f FmU J!nm
• ff.'I^XX.'.C.O
;-;w;,'t^.
:-
L*^***
^^k ■-. e * .- ■' 1
- 1 - i - i
w
MIDDLE-CLAYDON. 187
On a tablet of marble in the lobby, are the arms quarterly : of Verneij, Fltz-Walter, Braij,
and Blachmll, with an escutcheon of pretence, Paschall, quarterly. Motto, " Prodesse quam
conspici" An Earl's coronet ; and supporters, two tigers rampant, gorged ducally.
Opposite to the west front is a lake of sixteen acres, very tastefully displayed so as to re-
semble a natural river, and the shrubberies and grounds have many hne oaks and elms interspersed
amongst plantations of modern date, and considerable extent.
Amongst the family portraits, &c. remaining at Claydon, are the following:
Half length of a man in a damask gown, large quilled ruff, close cap, gold chain, with three rows
of links, descending from his shoulders : rings on the first and fourth finger of the right hand, and
fore-finger of the left, marked " ann. setatis sua; 59," without date ; on pannel, having lost its frame :
supposed to be Sir Ralph Vcrncy, Knt. Lord Mayor of London in 1465.
A singular portrait of a man in a close robe of scarlet, with a small scull cap of the same colour,
tufted beard, long mustachios : countenance strongly marked.
Head of Sir Edmund Verney (father of Sir Francis, and Sir Edmund the standard-bearer) in a
black vest, plain turn-over with small tassels at the neck : short hair, mustachios, and pointed
beard.
Portrait of a man with a bald head and pointed beard, in black, with deep laced ruffles : date
1627, ait. 53; qu. if Sir Nicholas Poyntz? and
Dame Anne his wife (daughter of Sir Ralph Verney) also in black, with plain ruff, black coif,
large pearl necklace and girdle : date 1627, age 50.
A whole length portrait (by Valesquez) of Sir Francis Verney, Knt. in a Spanish striped dress,
large trunk hose, with great puffs of ribband at the knees, quilled ruff, white loose boots with em-
broidered tops, high heels, and richly ornamented spurs with large rowels gilt: gloves with em-
broidered tops ; on a table, his hat with a large plume of feathers ; in his right hand a gilt cane
with the ends painted black ; and on brackets below the picture is the identical cane represented
in the painting.
Sir Ednmnd Verney, Knight Marshal, three-quarters length by Vandyke : his hair loose and
sandy, countenance melancholy, left hand on his helmet placed on a table, right arm on a pedestal:
in his hand a staff gilt, and enamelled at the ends. Near this portrait is a cane between three and
four feet in length, with a silver head (formerly gilt) the top having a globular knob flattened, with
an engraving of a crown and portcullis (the arms of Westminster), surrounded by sigill. offic.
MILL MARESCAI..
A small painting of King Charles I. on horseback, with an attendant on foot, — Sir Edmund
Verney, represented more aged than in the portrait.
A three-quarters length of King Charles 1. in a black cloak with embroidered star, the ribband
of the Order of the Garter round his neck, and the George pendant : shirt collar Vandykcd,
gloves embroidered, hat on a table, its band ornamented with jewels.
Sir Alexander Denton, Knt. (brother of Dame Margaret Verney, wife of the Knight-Marshal)
with an embroidered sash over his shoulder ; tet. 35, date 1630 ; and
Dame Mary Denton, his wife, daughter of Edmund Hampden, Esq. of Hartwell.
Half length of William Denton, mTd. (another brother of Dame Margaret Verney) Physician to
King Charles I. and II. in the full dress of his degree ; with hair very long and loose.
A portrait in armour of Capt. Henry Verney, son of the standard-bearer, a;t. circ. 25, afterwards
a Colonel in the King's army.
Portrait of a young man in black, with an open letter in his hand, dated "June 18, 1652:"
qu. if Sir Edmund Verney, Knt. of East-Claydon ?
188 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Half length of a lady with her hair falling in ringlets on her shoulders ; and a sprig of roses
in her hand.
A clergyman in canonicals half length, perhaps the Rev. Charles Adams, who married Elizabeth
Verney, youngest daughter of the Knight-Marshal. Sir Henry Lee, of Ditchley, co. Oxon, in
black : A lady, in scarlet edged with sable, and with a pearl necklace : Lady Frances Herbert in
black, her dress fastened with roses, deep ruft^ and fine ear-rings : and Sir Ralph Verney, Knt.
and Baronet; all by Cornelius Jansen.
Three-quarters length of King James H.
Whole length of John first Viscount Fermanagh, in his robes and a full-bottomed wig ; his
coronet on a table ; countenance pale and ghastly ; a large polypus descending from his right
nostril. Arms ; J^ernei/, impaling Palmer. Another of the same, with arms impaling on the
dexter side, in chief Palmer, in base Laiclei/ ; and on the sinister Baker.
Portrait of Mary, daughter of Sir Francis Lawlcy, Bart, second wife of Sir John Verney : seated,
and with a little black page looking over her shoulder.'
Elizabeth, daughter of Daniel Baker, Esq. his third wife. Arms ; Verneij, impaling, Arg. on a
fess Vert three eagles displayed Or, between two greyhounds currant Sa. Baker,
Ralph first Earl of Verney, half length, in a fiill-bottomed wig, long cravat, and loose mantle.
Arms; I'erney, impaling Paschall. Another in an embroidered waistcoat, blue coat, and deep
rufHcs : by Hudson.
Catherine Countess of Verney his wife, and the Hon. John Verney their eldest son, when a
child.
Three-quarters length of the same John, in a blue coat, small conical buttons, laced cravat and
ruffles, gold-hilted sword, cocked hat under his left arm, marked " set. 13 yrs 6 mo." and inscribed
on the back, " nobilissim. Joan. Verney, armig. 1724.
Sir Thomas Cave, Bart, (by Cavannah) and his wife Dame Margaret, third daughter of the first
Viscount Fermanagh, mother of Sir Verney and Sir Tho. Cave, Barts.
The Hon. Mary Verney her sister: wife of Colonel John Lovett, of Soulbury.
Besides these, there are portraits of Josias Nicholson, Esq. and his wife : Richard Calvert, Esq.
father-in-law of Baroness Fermanagh, and father of Mrs. Wright, Mary Baroness Fermanagh in
a short black silk cloak, with a coronet, and M. F. ; the Rev. Rob. Wright, A. ]\L, afterwards
Verney ; and his wife Mrs. Catherine Verney, with many others.
RECTORY AND ADVOWSON.
At the ecclesiastical taxation circ. 1291, a pension of 10.y. per ann. was payable out of the re-
venues of the church of Claydon to the Prior of Lenton." In 1.'541 (lo Edw. III.) Little-Claydon
was rated at five marks to the taxation called the ninths, and Will. Hayncs, Roger le Bond, Will.
Jakes, Walter Rickar, Richard Walys, and John le Reve certified that one carucatc of land here
was uncultivated, and there were no merchants or dealers in the parish.^
' " Peregrine Siam, a Moor of Guinea, brought to England by Jolin Verney, Esq. of Wasing:, co. Berks (uncle of
the 1st V'^ic. Eormanagb) and baptised at Claydon, at about six years of age; his master Mr John Verney, Mr, Edm.
Verney, of East-Claydon, Mrs. iMary Verney, and Cary Steukley, being Sponsers." [Par. Regist.]
- Taxat. Eccles. P. Nic p. j !•. ^ Nonar. Iiiquis. p. 310.
MIDDLE-CLAYDON. 189
In an old will, called by Willis the will of George Verney, (but qu. if not a mistake for George
Giflard?) dated 7 Aug. 1558, and proved 15 Nov. 1567, the testator desires to be buried in Middle-
Claydon church, gives to his son John his dwelling-house here, after the death of Katherine his
wife, together with his right and interest in the parsonage of Middle-Claydon, in the occupation of
Lady Giffard, by a bargain made with Sir George Giffard ; mentions his daughters INIarv, Ellen,
Elizabeth, and Letticc; his son Edmund (to whom he gives the lease of his farm at Mursley) ; and
bequeaths small legacies to his good master Edmund Verney and Dame Elizabeth Catcsby, and the
children of his brother John Brickhill; ' and makes Sir John Ravis, Parson, overseer of his will.
In 1573, Queen Elizabeth, on the petition of George Darcy, Esq. granted to Christopher Den-
ton and Bernard Gilpin, Gent, of London, their heirs and assigns, inter alia, 2s. rents, issuing out
of Middle-Claydon Rectory, in the occupation of John Ravis, Clk, formerly given to provide two
torches to burn in the church. ^
In 1584, the Queen, on the petition of Henry Lord Wentworth, and in compliance with an
agreement, granted out of lands concealed from the Queen, or her predecessors, two acres and one
rood in Middle-Claydon ; and a close adjoining the mansion of the Rectory, formerly given to
maintain a light before the Sacrament, or other superstitious uses; at 6s. Sd. per ann.:^ and in
1585, on the petition of Sir James Crofte, Comptroller of the Household, granted to John Wal-
ton, and John Cresset, Gent, their heirs, &c. at Sf. Ad. per ann. a "pightel" and nine acres in Mid-
dle-Claydon, called Torch-land, in the occupation of Urian Verney, Gent.*
In 1 620, Mr. Lyster's grounds here were rated at 400/. and Sir Edmund Verney's grounds and
wood, &c. at 80/. on which a calculation is said to have been made of the value of the Rectory,
which, in 1675, was returned at 90/. j)er ann. comprising glebe 10/. and a composition for "the
woods next Grendon at 20 marks, being one third ; and the other two parts, for the inclosure next
Addington, and an inclosure made in 1654 :" but it is added, that " the allowance to the Minister
is a composition between the Patron and Incumbent."^
A terrier in 1675 mentions " the new parsonage house and stable built at the charge of Sir
Ralph Verney, with a garden, orchard, and little close, containing 1 acre 1 rood : a close of pasture
20 acres 20 poles, of new inclosure: another of 10 acres: a meadow 5 acres, 1 rood, 30 perches,
adjoining Little-Fulmer mead ; several of these given by Sir Edmund Verney to Richard Askew,
and by Sir Ralph Verney to John Aris and Edward Butterfield, incumbents, in exchange for
glebe lands dispersed at a distance.
In 1818 the annual amount of the Hving was stated to exceed 150/. "the glebe house then too
small :"^ and having in 1825 become dilapidated, was then rebuilt (on the same site to which it had
been removed by Sir Ralph Verney, on the verge of the road from East-Claydon to Steeple-Clay-
don, about two furlongs north of the mansion house,) at the expense of the patron, and is a very
commodious residence.
In 1821 this Rectory and the Vicarage of East-Claydon '^ were by episcopal provision consoli-
dated into one benefice, with Steeple-Claydon Vicarage.
The advowson has always been appendant to the possession of the manor.
■ Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. '^ Rot. Pat. 16 Eliz. Test. 19 Feb.
3 Ibid. 27 Eliz. Test. 2 Aug. ^ Ibid. 28 Eliz. Test. 12 Apr. ^ Willis's MSS.
' Diocesan Returns, p. 130. " See p. 170.
190
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
JOHX BE BLJiiEincK, presented to the Rectory of
" Cleydon Parvii" in 1231 (15 Hen. III.) by Ralph de
Gresele, Knt. : and on his death
Jl'iltiam de Freston, pr. 1258, by Ralph Fitz-Hugh,
Knt.
John de St. Andrew, resigned this Rectory on taking
the habit of a Grey Friar ; and was succeeded by
Thomas de St. Andrew, 16 Nov. 1279, on the pre-
sentiition of Sir John de Beauchanip ; and on his re-
signation,
John de Monte, pr. 30 Dec. 1330, by the Attorneys
of the Lord Nicholas de Cnntiliipe.
William de Achecote, pr. 1 Mar. 1234, by Nicholas
de Cantiliipe; and dying in 1348,
Bichard, son of JVilliam le Clerk, was presented 16
August 1319, by Niciiolas de Cantilnpe.
Jl'illiam de Lyiiton, or Lenton, instituted 21 Sept.
1349, on the presentation of the Loi-d Nicholas de Can-
tilupe. On his resignation,
Thomas de Mukton, pr. 26 Nov. 1351, by the same.
John the son oi John Henry, of Middle- Claydon, in-
stituted 27 June 1352, on the presentation of Nicholas
de Cantilupe, Knt.
John Milys, presented 6 May 1390, by Thomas la
Zouche, " Domicellum." He resigned, and
Nicholas Depyng, instituted 25 Nov. 1399, on the
presentation of Thomas la Zouche, Esq. in exchange
for I'lixborough, in Lincolnshire.
Eudo la Zouche, inst. 11 Sept. 1401, on the presenta-
tion of " Thomas la Zouche, Lord ofMiddle-Claydon."
Robert Woodcock, inst. 11 Dec. 1404, on the same
presentation.
Simon David, instituted 4 Mar. 140G, on the presen-
tation of V\'illiam la Zouche.
Jolm Cook, inst. 19 Sept. 1409, on the presentation
of William la Zouche. On his resignation,
Thomas Baron, presented 15 Feb. 1433, by .John
Brockley, Lord Mayor cf London.
John Westcote, pr. 2 Feb. 1 163, by Sir Ralph Vcr-
ney, Knt. Alderman of London. He was Fellow of
Eton College, 11 Edw. IV. and at his death was suc-
ceeded by
Richard Cowland, 23 Aug. 1490, on the presentation
of Sir .lohn Verney, Knt. He resigned, and
William Brodhede was presented by Margaret, relict
of Sir John Verney, Knt. and instituted 4 March 1505.
He died, and was succeeded by
Christopher Daniel, instituted 13 Mar. 1533, on die
presentation of Ralph Verney, Esq. but was deprived ;
and in his stead
John Ravis, or Reves, was presented 16 July 1554,
by Geoi-ge GilTard, Esq. who also appointed Sir John
Ravis overseer of his will, dated in 1558, and proved
in 1567. At his death, he was succeeded by
Richard Askew, 13 Oct. 1581, on the presentation
of Qrian Verney, Esq. who by marrying Lettice, daugh-
ter of Sir George Giffard, had acquired the patronage.
He was buried here 17 July 1630, and was succeeded by
John Aris, who was of Magdalen hall, Oxon ; ' died
in August 1657, and was succeeded by
Edward Butterjield, instituted in 1657 : married Ca-
tharine Ai-is, widow of his predecessor. He was of
Exeter coll. Oxon,^ and was buried here, 2 Oct. 1678,
being succeeded by his son
William Butterjield, k.M.. inst. 12 April 1679, on
the presentation of Sir Ralph Verney, Knt. and Bart.
He was of Lincoln coll. Oxon, A. M. 26 June 1677,
and resigned this living about two years before his
death, on being presented to Addington Rectory. He
died in 1727.
William Butterjield, junior, A. M. inst. 8 Nov. 1725,
on the presentation of Ralph Lord Viscount Ferma-
nagh. He was of Wadham coll. Oxon, A. M. 9 June
1713, and Rector of Grendon-L'nderuood at his death
in 1758.
William Hoiccll, A.M. inducted 19 May 1759, on the
presentation of Ralph Earl of Verney. He was of
Pemb. coll. Oxon, A. M. 22 April 1749 ; also Vicar
of East-Ciaydon,^ and at his death was succeeded by
Edmund Millward, A. M. inducted 1760, on the
presentation of Ralph Earl of Verney. He was also Vicar
of East-Claydon,^ and dying 13 Nov. 1806 was buried
there, and was succeeded by
Robert Wright, A. M. inducted 26 Mar. 1807, on the
presentation of Mary Baroness Fermanagh. He had
been previously Rector of Otton-Belchamp, co. Essex,
from 22 Jan, J 784: and held the Mcarage of East
Claydon with this Rectory. In 1811 he took by royal
licence the name of Verney ; * and dying in 1820, was
succeeded by his nephew,
Thomas Wright, A.M. inducted 12 May 1820, on
the presentation of Richard Vachell, Esq. of Copfold
Hall, CO. Essex, and Robert Dalrymple, Esq. of Man-
chester-square. He was, 7 June 1821, admitted also
to Steeple-Claydon Vicai-age, then consolidated with
East-Claydon.
Willis's MSS.
Ibid.
3 See p. 171.
Ibid.
MIDDLE-CLAYDON. 191
THE CHURCH
consists of a nave, with a square tower containing three bells and a saint's bell, a chancel, having
on the eastern gable a cross flory of modern workmanship, and on the south side of the nave a
small porch.
In the spandrils of the arch at the west end, on each side of the door, beneath a small moulding,
are gothic letters, gilji €. and iTii.fi'lc. Mt. On the north side of the chancel, over the door, to
which is a flight of nineteen steps, is the following inscription : " Rogerus Giftard, et Maria uxor
ejus, hanc cancellam fieri fecerunt, an'o D'ni 1519." The little hill on which the church stands, is
covered with a thick plantation of evergreens, and the building picturesquely overhung with ivy,
the church-yard being completely surrounded by the grounds belonging to the mansion-house.
The church, capable of containing about two hundred persons, is dedicated to All Saints, and
its annual feast commemorated in November. The interior is extremely neat, with handsome
pews, seats, gallery, pulpit, and reading-desk, and the floor excellently paved and covered with
matting. The communion-table, on an elevation of two steps, is covered with crimson cloth
fringed, with cushions, &c. to correspond.
The east window is divided into numerous compartments by mullions, and formerly contained
painted glass, from which Willis copied these words, " Orate pro bono statu Radulphi Verney,
militis ;" but no traces of it now remain.
The font under the gallery at the west end is of Coade's artificial stone, vase-shaped, on a
pedestal modelled from a Grecian ahar, inscribed, "The gift of the Rector, 1809," and with the
arms of Wright impaling Caloert.
On the pannels of the gallery : " This church was new paved and pewcd, and completely re-
paired, at the joint expence of the Right Honourable Mary Verney, Baroness Fermanagh, the
patroness, and the rest of the parishioners, in the year 1809. The chancel was new paved, the
altar ornamented and completely repaired, at the sole expence of the Rev. Robert Wright, A. M.
Rector, in the year 1809. John Stevens and James Stevens, churchwardens."
In the gallery is a small organ, presented in 1828 by Sir Harry Verney, Bart.
Onasmalltabletof brass, bordered with veined Near the east end of the north wall, on a
marble, affixed to the north-east pier of the small mural monument :
nave, above the manerial pew (to which place it In the vault under the chancel are interred the re-
was removed in 1818 to make room for a modern mains of Mary Aubrey, the wife of Thomas Di>j;by
monument) is the following inscription in capitals Aubrey, Esq. only son of llicliard Aubrey, Esq. and
below the arms of Verney faintly eng
raven
nephew of Sir John Aubrey, Bart, of Dorton-House, in
T ,. ^ , ,^ , , V , ,- this countv. She was the daughter of Thomas \\ rioht.
In memory oi John Vernev, who dyed ye 20th of „ , •' . . ^^ %, , ^^ ^ "
T,,T ,^„, 1 ^ T , " ,. -r , TT. Esq. and niece to the Kev. Robert \ ernev, oi LJay-
IVlay, 1694, second son ot John Vernev, Lord Viscount , tt oi i i i- ^■l^ -vt ^„ ,oi-, 'i
T. ' , . Tr- 1 „x , , ^ ^x don-House. She departed this life Nov. 27, 1817, aired
Fermanagh, in ye Kinirdom of Ireland, Baron verney „„ ^ , "^ , .,, ,-i , ,
c-n T ? 1 Ti f , , . . , 39 years, after a lonw and severe illness, which slie bore
ot Belturbet, and Bai-t. who was the survivinor son and . , , , ,- ■ , , ■ •
1 ■ r cv o 1 u tr t- * , t,. , ^ , With the most exemplary tortitude and resignation.
heir ot fer Kalph Verney, Kn'. and B'. whose fother ^ -^
was S"- Edmund Verney", Knt. and Kn*. Marshall & Above the brass tablet is a mural monument
Standard-bearer to King Charles y" First : son of an- with the bust of a lady, and the following :
other Sir Edmund Verney, Kn'. who was y" son of M. S.
Sir Ralph Verney, Kn'. son of Sir John Verney, Knt. Mary, the 2d wife of Sir John Verney, Bar", one of
He the son of S'' Ralph Verney, Kn*. son of Ralph the daughters of the Hon'''*" Sir Francis Lawley, of St.
Verney, Esq. son of Edward Verney, Esq. son of John Powel, in Shropshire, Bar". Master of his Majesty's
Verney, Esq. Jewel Office. She had one son, named John \^erney,
192
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
who dyed widiin die year, and lyeth widi lier in ilie
vault within the Chancel. She departed this life the
xxiv. day of Augst, mdcxciv. aged xxxiii. years.
On a shield, the arms of Verney impaling
Laiclei/.
Affixed to the north wall is a large tablet of
Buckinghanisliirc marble, with deeorations of
white and black marble ; and in gold capitals : —
In a vault under the Chancel are deposited the re-
mains of the R' Honble Mary Verney, Baroness Fer-
managh, of the Kingdom of Ireland. She was born
Nov 1, 1737, and died NoV \b^\ 1810, beloved, re-
spected, and lamented by all who knew her.
She was the only child of the Honourable John Ver-
ney, eldest son of Viscount Fermanagh (afterwards Earl
Verney), and Mary, daughter of Josias Nicholson, Esq.
of Clapham, in the county of Surry, who married, se-
condly, Richard Calvert, Esq. of Hall-place, in the
county of Kent. She was the last of the noble family
of Verney, and bequeathed all her estates to her mater-
nal sister, Catherine, the wife of die Reverend Robert
M'right, directing them to take the name and bear die
arms of \'^erney.
Below :
In the same vault arc the remains of the Reverend
Robert Verney, who died the 21st day of April, 1820,
aged 7i years.
Also, of Catherine his wife, who died the 9th day of
June, 1827, aged 82 years.
On an achievement, quarterly, 1 and 4, />/•-
neii ; 2, Fifz-U^alter ; 3, Brai/. On another on
the South side, l^erncji impaling JTl-'i^ld : mot-
to, U)}g seiil ung suit.
On a brass plate inserted in a slab, with the
arms of Giffard on a shield, is the effigy here re-
presented. In the label proceedig from the
head are the words, " Miserere mei, Deus."
And below it these words in the old text :
" Orate pro a'i'a D'ni Alexandri Anne p'sbiteri, qui
obiit viiio die mens. Februarii, a" D'ni m"cccccxxvi.
cuj' a'i'e p'piciet' de'. Ame'. " '
In the middle of the nave are effigies in brass of a
gentleman and a lady widi their thirteen sons and
seven daughters. The man in plate-armour, bare-
headed, reposing on his helmet: his hands with gaunt-
lets, devoudy elevated to his breast: scapularies and
elbow-pieces escaloped : in a belt a long sword, of which
the pommel of the hilt touches the left elbow, and the
point of the scabbard, passing diagonally behind the
effigy, reaches to the right foot: on that side a dagger,
or coutel : skirt of chain-mail : escaloped genouillieres,
a toyle or tilt, jambs, and solerets very wide and round
at the toes : spurs with rowels of five points : at the
feet a greyhound couchant, collared.
At bis left hand the lady, with pointed head-dress
richly embroidered, her robe fastened with jewels : a
chain with square links, in festoons twice round the
neck : large ermined sleeves, ruffles, hands pressed
' Alexander Anne, by will dated 2t Dec. 15'i6, proved on "the first Monday in Lent following," bequeathed lega-
cies to Lincoln cathedral, the high altar ofMiddle-Claydon, the repairs of the church and die great bell, to every one
of his god-children, and to his cosens, Mary Darell and Anne Verney ; orders the provision of " certen prests to laude
God, and pray for his soule," and that "the prcst that syngeth masse on the night of the Assumption have Sd., for the
masse of the Trinity 8rf., oi Requiem, who should bury him, Is. 2rf.,and 6s. %d. to be given in alms then, and the li!;e at
his month's mind." For all which he leaves 51. in money, in the hands of his " right well beloved cosyn, Roger Gyffard,
and Mary his wife," his executors, desiring them to find " an honest prest for one hole year to synge and pray for
his soul, and the souls of his father, moUier, and all Christians, to have for his paynes, wages, and meat and drink,
5/. 5.S. Srf. " the residue to be disposed of at their discretion. Witnesses, Ric. Salford: Geo. Gyftard : Francis Giffard,
Gen," — Willis's MSS. vol. xxxii.
MIDDLE-CLAYDON.
193
together and elevated : from a jewel at the girdle, a
long chain of pearls or beads terminates in a tassel be-
low the knee : the robe hiding the feet. These effigies
are five feet high ; and on a plate of brass, 4 1 inches in
length, below them, are these words, in the old text :
Off yo' charyte p'y for the sowlles of Roger Gyffiird,
Esq'er, and Mary his wyffe, whiche Roger dep'tid this
transitorie lyfFe y'^ xxiiii day of January, in y^ yere of
o'' Lord God m.vo.xlii. and in ye xxxiiii. yere of y«
reigne of o'' Sou'rayne Lorde Kyng Henry y* Eyght,
and y*' sede Mary dep'tid y" .... day A" D'ni
m^vo... o' whose sovvlls J'hu haue m'cy.
Lower are thirteen small figures in gowns on
the dexter side, and seven females on the sinister
side, with veils or hoods, all kneeling with their hands
in an attitude of devotion. At the upper part of
the slab are two shields, with the arms of Giffard,
impaling a chevron charged with three estoils of six
points wavy, between three popinjays, for Ncmsicles.
And at the bottom a shield with the arms of Giffard only.
2c
194
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
On another brass is a female figure praying ; with a
pointed head-dress, long lappets and hood, laced vest,
open before, robe with close sleeves, and large cuffs
turned up with ermine: a broad embroidered girdle,
fastened with three large roses : a long train descend-
ing to the feet: and below, "Orate pro anima Isabella
Giffard, q"^ obiit morte' xvii" die mensis Nouembris,
an. D'ni miJl'mo cccccxxiiif. cujus anime propicietur
Deus. Amen."
On ii nuiral tiiblct on the south side :
To the memory of William Butterfield, A. M. Rec-
tor of Middle-Claydon and Grendon-Underwood, in
this County, who died on the 16tli December, 1758, in
the 70tli year of his age. And also of Lettice his wife,
who died of the small-pox at Bath, in Somersetshire,
in the 50th year of her age ; and was interred in the
church of \\'alcot May 11 ih, 1752. He was the only
son of ^^'illiam Butterfield, Rector of this parish, and
of Sarah his wife : She, the youngest daughter of Sir
Joseph Nott, of Braidon, Wilts, and of Arabella his
wife: a person endowed with truly Christian virtues,
and lamented by all who knew her ; but by none more
than her affectionate husband.
Edward and William Butterfield, and his son, all lie
here interred, and were near 100 years successively
ministers of this parish, which, by the soundness of their
doctrine and good example, they effectually instructed
in the way of salvation.
On a mural monument of white marble at the east
end of the nave, on the south side, surmounted by a
military hat with its plume, placed on a sword lying in
its scabbard, is a chaplet of laurel and bay encircling
the name of Calvert : and below, these arms : Paly of
six Erminois and Pean, a bend engrailed counter-
changed ; within the ribbon of the Order of the Bath
with its motto, and the collars of the same and of the
Hanoverian Guelphic Order, with their respective
badges. Crest, out of a mural crown Arg. two flag-
staffs erect Az. with two pennons flowing towards the
dexter, one Erminois, the other Pean. Supporters, on
either side a leopard gardant Proper, chained Or,
gorged with a mural crown Arg. thereon three pellets,
on the shoulder a cross flory Arg. Motto, Servata fides
cineri.''
On the biise :
Sacred to the memory of General Sir Harry Calvert,
Bart. G.C.B. and G.C.H. who died after a few hours'
illness, at Middle-Claydon, Sept. 4, 1826, aged 63
Granted in 1815. Clutterbuck's Herts, vol. iii, \t. 335.
MIDDLE-CLAYDON.
195
years. He distinguished himself during a long pei'iod
of service. He entered the Army in 1778, served in
the American war, was Aide-de-camp to H. R.H, the
Duke of York in the campaigns of Flanders and Hol-
land, in 1793 and 1794: was appointed Deputy Adju-
tant-general to the British Army ; and filled the situ-
ation of Adjutant-general from 1799 to 1821, when
he was made Lieutenant-governor of Clielsea Hospi-
tal. As a further reward for his faithful services, he
was made Colonel of the 14th, or Buckinghamshire
regiment of foot; received the Grand Crosses of the
Batii and Guelphic Orders ; and was i-aised to the rank
of Baronet in 1818.'
Also, in memory of Caroline his wife, daughter of
Tliomas Hammersley, Esq. who died June 17, 1806,
aged 29 years.
" W'hat I say unto you I say unto all. Watch !
I am the Resurrection and the Life."
This monument was erected by their children.
Affixed to the north wall is an achievement
with the arms of Calvert; impaling, Gu. three
rams' heads coupe at the neck Or, Hammersley.
On a slab in the middle of the nave :
Here lyeth Richard Askew, who lived Parson of
Mid-Claydon 50 yeares, being 82 yeares of age, and
departed this mortall life die 12 of July, in the yeare
of our Lord 1630.
On another slab :
Here lieth William Butterfield, M.A. Rector of this
parish 33 years, who departed this life on the 16th of
Dec. in the year of our Lord 1758, aged 70 years.
On a tablet of brass, below the monument,
correspondent in size with the plate, against the
north-east pier, before described :
"On the death of the late Earl Verney, in 1791,
the Ciaydon estates, together with his other property,
descended by his will to the Honourable Mary Verney,
created Baroness Fermanagh on her accession to the
property, by whose will they were devised to her ma-
ternal half-sister, Catherine, wife of the Rev. Robert
Wright, daughter of Richard Calvert, Esq. of Nine-
ashes, in Herts, with directions that she should take
the name and arms of Verney. On her death in Janu-
ary 1827, the Ciaydon estates descended, by Virtue of
her Will, to her cousin and relative Capt. Sir Harry
Calvert, Bart, of the Grenadier Guards, eldest son of
General Sir Harry Calvert, Bart. G.C.B. and G.C.H.
in whose favor the will was made, but whose deatli
occurred the September previous. Pursuant to Mrs.
Verney's direction. Captain Sir Harry Calvert obtained
his Majesty's permission to take the name of Verney,
and to bear the arms of ^"erney quartered with his
own."
In the south wall of the chancel, under an arch with
a flowered finial, is an altar-tomb of alabaster, support-
ing the recumbent statue of a female, richly habited,
with chains, jewels, and other ornaments: her head-
dress pointed, features regular and beautiful, hands in a
posture of devotion (now both broken off), at her feet a
greyhound couchant. On the side of the tomb, within
three quaterfoils sculptured in compartments : — On the
central shield, arms of Giffard, impaling, quarterly, 1
and 4, a bend charged with three fleurs de lis, 2 and 3,
widiin a border charged with eight lucies hauriant, a
cross. On the dexter shield, Giffard: on the sinister,
the above impalement. The south side of the tomb,
with blank shields of die same form, has been removed,
and is affixed to the wall, under the arch and above
the statue. Along tiie verge of the tomb, part only of
the inscription remains: " Gyftard una Coheredu'
Joh'is Bradfield de Chenfield Jun'i, anno Do.
OOCCCCCXXXIX. cujus a'i'e pi'opicietur Deus.'
On the opposite wall is a stone with the arms of
Giffard, between two small pilasters supporting a pedi-
ment and cornice, with this motto, Omnia bona bonis.
Affixed to the south-west pier is a small lo-
zenge-shaped tablet of marble, inscribed :
M.S. Gulielmi Butterfield, A.M. hujus ecclesia; an-
nos 46 et sex menses Rectoris : qui obiit 23 Dec.
1727, Eetatis sufe 74 : necnon Sarae, uxoris ejus caris-
sima>, qu£e ob. 19° Mart. 1726-7, ret. sua; 67.
On a small tablet :
Sacred to the memory of Catharine, the pious relict
of Mr. John Aris, Rector of this place (who also lyes
here interred), and afterwards of Edward Butterfield,
his successor. She departed this life June 4, 1689,
aged 80.
On the soudi side is an architectural monument.
' A Sermon preached in Ciaydon Church at the Funeral of General Sir Harry Calvert, G. C. B. &c. by the Rev.
Henry Blunt, A.M. Vicar of Clare, Suffolk, Curate of Chelsea, Middlesex, alternate livening Preacher at the Philan-
thropic Society, and late Fellow of Pembroke coll. Camb. from "Boast not thyself of to-morrow," was printed and
puWished in 1826, 8vo. pp. 2.S.
'' This is supposed to be Margaret, wife of George Giffard, second son of Roger by Mary Nansjkles.
196
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
with a profusion of ornaments. On the base are pillars
of black marble with alabaster capitals, party gilt :
between them, in four niches, marble busts of Sir Ed-
mund Verney, Knt. and Dame Margaret, and Sir
Ralph Verney, Knt. and Bart, and Dame Mary. On
the pediment, the figures of Faith, Hope, and Charity,
with their emblems : and in the centre, at the top, near
the roof of the chancel, a very large vase of jasper,
having on its plinth the word resurgam. On a shield
above the busts, the arms of Verney with the Canton
of Ulster. On another, on the dexter side, below the
bust of Sir Edmund : — Quarterly, Verney, Whythig-
ham, Bray, and Boteler. On the sinister side ; below
Dame Margaret: Ferney impaling Denton. On a
shield near the centre: 1. J'emcy, 2. Aignell, 3. Why-
tingham, 4. Iwardhy, 5. Bray ancient, 6. Bray modern,
l.Hamwell, 8. Norbury, 9. Boteler, 10. Sudeley, 11.
Monffort, with an escutcheon of pretence for Blacknall.
Below the bust of Sir Ralph, — Verney impaling iJ/acA-
nall: below Dame Mary, — Verney ss'i'Cn an escutcheon
of pretence, Blacknall.
On a black tablet representing draperv, be-
tween the busts :
Sacred to the memory of the ever honoured Sir Ed-
mund Verney, who was Knight Marshall 18 years, and
Standard Bearer to Cha. I. in that memorable Battayle
of Edge Hill, wherein he was slayneon the 23d of Oc-
tober 1642, being then in the two and 50th year of
his age. And in honour of Dame Margaret his wife,
eldest daughter of Sir Thomas Denton, of Hillesden,
Knt. by whom he had six sons and six daughters. She
died at London on the b^\ and was buried here on the
7"' of April 1641, in the 47 year of her age.
Lower :
Also to the perpetuall honour and memory of that
most excellent and incomparable person Dame Mary,
sole daughter and hcire of John Blacknall, of Abing-
don, in y County of Berks, Esq. and wife of Sir Ralph
Verney, eldest son of y« said Sir Edmund and Dame
Margaret, by whom she had three sons and three
daughters, whereof only Edmund and Joane are living.
She deceased at Blois in France on the 10'1> day of
May 16.50, being about y"^ age of 34 years, and was here
interred on the ID^h of Nov. following; where her said
luisband (at whose charge and by whose appointment
ye monument is erected) intends to be buried.
On the sur-base :
Sir Ralj)he Verney, Knt. and Bart, dyed 24 Sept.
1696, aged 84.
John Verney Viscount Fermanagh, Baron Verney, of
Belturbett, in Ireland, and Bart. ob. June 23, An. Dom.
1717, aet. 76.
On a small mural monument within the com-
munion rails, having at the top the arms of Ver-
ney and at the bottom those of Giffard : and a
recess with kneeling figures of a man in the
gown of a civilian, and a female in a close robe,
with a d(!sk between them, and behind the man,
a youth in a short cloak ; all with quilled rufts :
I Vrien Vernej', Esq. the sixth of seven Sonnes and
two Daughters of Sir Ralphe Verney, Knt. at his death
made this monumente for myself and my wife Lettice
Verney, Daughter of Sir George Giftard, Knt. by
whome I had yssue one Sonne Edmunde Verney, and I
the survivour of my six Brothers and two Daughters,
the one maryed to Sir Francis Hynde, Knyght, and the
other to Sir Nicholas Poyntz, Knt.
Over the door on a tablet with the arms of
f'eniei/, impaling .... three palmer's staves,
for Palmer.
M. S.
Elizabeth Verney, wife to John Verney, of Waseing, in
ye County of Berks, Esq. second son of Sir Ralph
Verney, Kt. and Bart, the eldest daughter of Ralph
Palmer, of Little Chelsey, in Middlesex, Esq. She
left foure children, viz. Ralph, Elizabeth, Mary, and
Margaret, and departed this life, the xx"' of May A°.
Do. MDCLXxxvi, in the 22d 3-ear of her age. Erected
to the memory of his most beloved and most deserving
wife.
On an oval tablet :
M. S.
The Hon'''" Colonel Henry Verney, fifth son of S'' Ed-
mund Verney, Knt. Marshal and Standard Bearer at
Edge-Hill Battle, who faithfully served King Charles
L in his Wars, and departed this life in the 30 year of
his age, and of our Lord 1671, to whose memory this
monument was erected at the chai-ge of his loving sister
Penelope, second daughter of the said Sir Edmund
\'erney, first the wife of John Denton, of Fawley, in
Oxfordshire, Esq. by whom she had one son and two
daughters, who all died young ; and since the wife of
Sir John Osborne, Knt. the eighth son of Sir Richard
Osborne, Knt. and Bart, of Knockmore Castle, in the
County of Waterford, in the Kingdom of Ireland. She
died 20tli August 1695, aged 73 years.
MIDDLE-CLAYDON. 197
On a mural tablet : in France, on the 15* day of August 1825, and was
Sacred to the memory of the eldest son and the only ^""*^i'" '\^ Cemetery of that place,
daughter of the Rev. Thomas M' right, M. A. Rector ^'"^^^^'^ '''''' *^ ^^e'-*^' ''^'° ^ie in the Lord,
of this parish, who died at Norwich on the 15th day of ^^ ^ ^^^^ '^^ted m 1558, Sir William Freeman,
October 1828, and was bmied in the Close of the Ca- a priest, directed his interment in Middle-Clay-
thedral. don Church, and left a legacy to " my Lady
Mary Ann, aged twenty years, died at Fontainebleau, Dame Philippa Giftard." '
PAROCHIAL CHARITIES.
Sir Ralph Verney, Knt. by deed, about 16-10, endowed certain almshouses for six poor inhabitants of this
parish, with an allowance of one shilling each per week. The almshouse, comprising six small tenements,
originally near the north-west side of the church-yard, was removed by Ralph second Earl of Verney, and rebuilt
opposite to the new parsonage. It is a very small but neat edifice.
Roger GifPard, Esq. and Mary his wife, gave 6/. per ann. out of lands in Tackley, co. Oxon, payable on St.
Thomas's day, to the churchwardens, for the benefit of poor inhabitants and parishioners of East-Claydon,
Middle-Claydon, and Steeple-Claydon, for ever : and also five groats to be distributed to as many poor widows
of the same parishes. In 1786 tiiese benefactions were of the value of 4/. 5s. per ann. vested in John Morton.""
Another benefaction by some person unknown, of land vested in the churchwardens and overseers, estimated at
bl. 9«. \Q\d. per ann.
William Coleman bequeathed, in 1703, by will, a rent charge of 10s. per ann. vested in 1786, in Charles
Webb, then Steward to Ralph Earl of Verney.
The Hon. Elizabeth Verney (eldest daughter of John first Viscount Fermanagh), who died in 1767, be-
queathed, by will, the interest of 800/. for the benefit of poor inhabitants of Middle-Claydon, East-Claydon, and
Steeple-Claydon, at the discretion of certain trustees. The benevolent intention of the testatrix was not earned
into effect until 1784, seventeen years after her death; but in 1786 this charity was returned (under the Statute
of 26 Geo. III.) at Gl.perann. to Middle-Claydon, and 9/. to East-Claydon.^ The trustees were Ralph Earl of
Verney, the Rev. Edm. Millward, Rector, and Charles Webb. At a later period the proceeds amounted to 6/.
per ann. to each of the above-mentioned parishes, distributed in portions of 20s. each to six poor persons, at the
discretion of Catherine Verney, widow, and Thomas Oliver (her steward) surviving trustees ; and Gl. applied
annuall)', in raising a fund to apprentice one poor boy of each of the said parishes in turn, as often as the money
should be sufficient for that purpose.
A Sunday school for the instruction of children of both sexes has been established here ; and is supported by
the families of Verney and Calvert.
' Willis's MSS. " Parochial Returns. ^ Abstract of Returns, vol. i. p. 58.
198 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
CRENDON, OR LONG-CRENDON, with NOTLEY.
Crendon is supposed to luivc derived its name from a green hill on which it is situated ; and
its prefix as a distinction from Grcndon-Underwood, on the verge of Bernwode-Forest, towards
the north-east, as this parish was on the south-cast.
It is bounded on the north by Easington, in Chilton, on the east by Chearsley, on the south
by the Thame, by which it is separated from Oxfordshire ; and on the west by Shabbington and
Ickford. Crendon Township contains about 3063 acres, Notlcy about 725 acres, and a detached
portion of the parish called Tittershall Wood 110 acres ; in all 3448 acres. The soil is a stiff
pale clay, with various loams in the lower grounds, and strata of sand, tjravel, limestone, building
stone, and rubble, in the central, eastern, and northern parts.
THE MANOR
before the Conquest, was in the possession of Scric son of Alwyn, and at the Norman Survey was
held by Walter GifFard for twenty hides. There was land for twenty-five ploughs. Ten hides were
in the demesne, where were five ploughs ; and fifty-two villeins with ten bordars had twenty
ploughs. There were ten servants, one mill of 18*. rent, pasture for ten plough teams, woods for
one hundred hogs, and a park for beasts of the chase ; ' altogether worth 20/.; when Walter
GifFard first held it, and in the time of King Edward 15/."
Walter Giflard, whose alliance with the Conqueror is shown in the annexed pedigree, shared
largely in the lands which were at the disposal of the new Sovereign, and was one of the assessors
at the compilation of the Domesday survey. He held one hundred and seven lordships in divers
counties, included forty-eight manors in Buckinghamshire ; of which he retained in his own
hands Crendon, Chilton, Dorton, Policott, and Winchendon, lying contiguously, and Whaddon,
Horwood, and Newton-Longucville, consisting of eighty-five hides ; but the lands held bv his
subfeudatories exceeded 213 hides, in Ashendon, Chearsley, Easington, Addcngrave, Wotton,
Hartwell, Kimbell, Missenden, Fawley, Akeley, Leckhampstead, Langport, Lillingstone, Morton,
Bourton, Beachampton, Edinherge, Hillesden, Edgcott, Whitchurch, Lidcote, Burston, Pightles-
tliorne, Singleborougli, Mursley, Swanbourne, Bradwell, Woolston, Linford, Lavendon, Lough-
ton, Ravenstone, Hardmead, Moulsoc, Broughton, Mlddleton, Brickhill, &.c. which constituted the
Honour of Giffard.
' These were the buck, tlie doe, the fox, the martion, and the roe, according to Manwood : [Forest Laws, p. 36.]
but the Boke of St. Albans, and old Sir Tristram in his IVortliie Treatise nf Iliiiiling, mention the liart, the hynde, the
hare, the boare, and the wolfe. Pennant observes tliat the " wild cat " should have been added. See Pennant's
.Tourney from Chester, p. 205.
- Terra Walterii Gifard. In Tichcshele IVd. 00'. ipse Walter!" ten" Credendone, p. xx. liid' se def'd". T"ra e' xxv. car".
In d'nio x liida:, et ibi sunt v. car" ; et lii. uill'i cu' x. bord' h"nt xxti car'. Ibi x. serui, et l. molin" de xviii. sol'. P'tu" x.
car". Silua c. pore', et pare' ibi bestiaru" siluaticaru". In totis ualcnt' ual' xx. lib". Q'do recep" et T. R. E. xv. lib".
Hoc CD' tenuit Scric Aluene filius. Lib. Cens. vol. i. f. IIT.
CRENDON WITH NOTLEY. 199
Walter GifFard was, about 1070, created Earl of Buckingham : the ceremony of investiture
being in those times purely military, and consisting in being girt with a sword, and endowed with
a payment from the county whence the title was given. He was faithful to the Conqueror, and
loyal to William Rufus, for whom he fortified his castles in Normandy, and was a Chief Com-
mander in the forces raised against Robert Curthose and his adherents. He was also a witness
to the laws established in the beginning of the reign of Henry I. but afterwards joined Robert
in opposition to his brother; and dying in 1103, was carried into Normandy, and buried in the
Abbey which he had founded at Longueville, near Dieppe, where his tonjb was inscribed
" Signa Gifardorum Gualterus ingenuonim,
Qiice meruit vivens busta, sepultus liabet.
Templi fundator pra3sentis et asdificator.
Hoc velut in proprio conditus est tumulo.
Qui se magnificum Patriteque probavit amicum,
Dux virtute ponens, et pietate nitens :
Religiosorum, sed pia>cipue Monachorum
Cultor, multlmode pvofuit Ecclesia?. Amen.'
Walter, second Earl of Buckingham, succeeded his father, fought valiantly at Brennevillc,
where Lewis King of France was defeated, and firmly adhered to Henry I. He was assessed to
the aid for the marriage of the King's daughter, at ninety-four knight's fees and a half of the old
feoffment, and one and a half of the new, and dying without issue, in 1164 or, as others
relate, some years later, and was buried either in Notley Abbey or with his father and
mother at Longueville.^ His lands reverted to the Crown, and in 1173 (19 Hen. II.)
the Honour of Gift'ard was farmed by Geoffrey Fitz-William, at 324/. 15*. 4d. per ajin?
On the accession of Richard I. a partition was made of the Giftards' lands, between the represen-
tatives of Roesia, sister of the last Walter GifFard (the only one of those divers daughters of
Walter, the first Earl, of which any authentic account is discovered) viz. William Mareschal Earl
of Pembroke and Richard Earl of Clare ; whose pedigree and alliances are shown in the accom-
panying table, and who each paid 2000 marks to the Crown for his respective share of the
inheritance, the Earl of Clare having the principal seat of the Giffards in England, and the Earl
of Pembroke the chief seat in Normandy.^ William Earl Mareschal was the brother and heir
of John Mareschal, who is supposed to have derived both his name and title from his office of
Marshal.^ William Mareschal attended King Richard I. into Normandy, was successively Sheriff
of Lincoln and Sussex, and at the accession of John one of the Conservators of the Peace until the
King's arrival in England ; after which he obtained a confirmation of the grant of his share of
the lands of the Giffards ; ^ and other estates besides those enumerated'' were subsequently held
under the Honour of Giffard.^ At his death in 1219 William his eldest son, whom about four
years before he had reduced to his allegiance, succeeded to the Earldom of Pembroke, and in 1222
being sent into Wales, where he performed signal services, received scutage from all his tenants
' Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. ,59, 60. Orderlc. Vital. 501, C.621, a 722, D.786 a. Ducarel's Anglo-Norman Antiquities, p. S.
^ Nichols's Alien Priories. 3 x^jb J{^{,_ Scac. f. 206, and Hargreave"s MSS.
■• Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 60 and 21 1.
5 The duty of Marshal was in the army in war, and at court in peace, and he, and the Constable, were to
certify to the Barons of the Exchequer the due performance thereof in providing for the order of the Royal Household,
and determining controversies. Madox's Hist, of the Exchequer, C. 2, p. 33. Lyttelton's Hist, of Hen. H. vol. iii. p. 150.
" Rot. Claus. 1 John. ' See p. . « Test, de Nevill, pp. 2+6, 247.
200
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
in Bucks, and was exempted for himself and those who held under the Honour of GiiFard, from
the jurisdiction of the County Courts.' He married AHanore the King's sister ; was made
Captain General of all the King's forces in Britanny, huilt a Monastery at Kilkenny, and was a
henefactor to Tintern Ahbey ; and dying in l'2'SO his statue in mail and surcoat, his legs crossed,
a lion couchant at his feet, a shield of arms and his helmet more rounded than the other statues
there, was placed in the Temple Church. Alianore his widow held this manor in dower ; and
notwithstanding a solemn vow of chastity, afterwards was married to Simon de Montfort Earl of
Leicester, whom also she survived ; and in her second widowhood, divers tenants held lands here
under the Countess dowager of Pembroke and Leicester.
Richard Mareschal, who succeeded his elder brother William, in the title of Earl of Pembroke,
upon proffering his homage to the King was refused admission to his lands, under the pretext that
Alianore widow of his elder brother might be enceiente, and that Richard had been one of the
King's enemies : and although he afterwards obtained his inheritance, he was embroiled in continual
disputes with his Sovereign until his death in 1233. Gilbert the next brother, who was a bene-
factor to Notlcy-Abbey, was killed by a fall from a vicious horse, at a tournament at Hertford,
in 124L Walter his successor, who was not admitted to his lands without difficulty, and at the
intercession of the Queen and the Bishop of Durham, died in 1246: and Anselm the youngest
and last of these Earls lived only some few weeks afterwards ; thus terminating the male line of
the family; which the monkish writers of that period considered a proof of the Divine displeasure
at the oppressions which they had sometimes practised upon ecclesiastics.-
PEDIGREE OF GIFFARD Earl of BUCKINGHAM, and
CLARE Earl of CLARE and HERTFORD.
From the No
Arms. Gu. three lionet
Party per pale Or
E, sister of Gu
stores ; Dugdale, Atkins, and other auth
1 pale Arg. Giffard. Or, three chevro
3d Vert, a lion ranjpant Gu. Mareschal.
OsBonNE rE=pAvF,i,iNE, sister of Gunnora Duchess
BoLEBEC. 1 of Normandy, great grandmother of
Geoffrey, nat. son of RicHAi
first Duke of Normandy.
Walter Giffard, Earl of Lonffueville in^AcN'E?, da. of Gerard |
Norman.ly, cr. Earl of Buckinu'liam, circ. | Ki^itell, s.st. of Will. G
E=p.\vEMNE, sister of G
I of Normandy, great
I William the Conquer.
Longue- I Bp.'ofiiureux"
I
Earl of:
UII.BERT i^RispiN, can OI^,
Brion in Normandy L^ugd.
Bar. tom. i. p. 20«] |
Walter Giffard, 2d
fought at Brenneville
NOTLEY AdDEY ; ob.
EarlofBuckingham,=ERMENGAnD, co- Roesia, one of
1119; co-founder of founder of Notley [Du;d. B,ir. tom.
circ. 116-4, .s. p. Abhey. to Eudo Dapifer.
ers '■=pRicHARDFiTz- Gilbert, colled de
2dly, I and de Clare ; slain by the Welsh,
de Tonme-
DRIDGE or
DE (.'lARE.
of Earl of FACTA, nb. s. p.
Clermont. 3. Walter de
Clare, of Nether
Gwent, ob. s. p.
1
4. RlCHAR
Bee, in No
raandy.
5. RoBERT-pMAUD, dan. of Simon
DE Clare, I de St. Liz, Earl of to Ralph de Lord of Cardiff,
Robert Fitz Hamon,=F
Earl of Pembroke, died 11
buried at Tintern Abbey.
ph.)=pELIZABETIl,
Sep., of Waleran
I ofiMellent.
Huntingdon. [Du
4^1{ar. torn. i. p. 207.]
GREE of FiTz Walter.]
-. Clare (founder=pADELizA, sis
Priorv; Earl of I Ranuloh Eai
1. by tiie Welsh. Chester.
107. [Ar
imp. gard. Or.]
■ MA-=pKoBER
1. and I Glouce
I three c
RiciiAUD, Earl of=pE
Strigull and Pem-
broke, Constable
ofDubli
[See Pe
dan. of Baldv
lot King a prist
BERT, Earl of Alice,
e, ob. 1151, to Cadvv
bnr. at »p GriE
Roger, Earl^MALD, dau. of James William Mor-
de St. Hilary. [/)rms. FACH.EarlofGlou-
.on a ch. Az. 2 cester ; nb. 1173,
lircs Arg.]; mar. bur. at Keynsliain.
V, to Will, de Al- [Gu. a lion pass,
li, Earl of Arundel, gard. Or.
b
let
of Clare, ob.
1173 (1!)
Hen. 2.)
1 '
..[ATms.G^x.
rions Or.]
=f=HAW,SE,
■ dan. of
, Rob. de
I Bossu,
, Earl of
I Leicest.
Hot. Claus. 8 Ilun. III. m. 10.
id Dugd. Baronage, vol. i. p. 607.
CRENDON WITH NOTLEY.
201
Isabel, sole dau.^Wli.Li
M Mareschal bro=ALicr
lau. of Richard, Earl of=
pAMiCE, Robert, only Mabel, dau. and cob. ; ma
r. to Al-
heir of the Earls
andh.ofjc
hn, iMareschalto liaklwin de Clare, coheir of
dau. and sc
n ; ob. V. p. niaric Earl of Evcreux.
ofStriguland
K. Hen. 2
Sheriff of Lin- Betun, Earl of the Giffards,
coh. h
jr. atKevn- Isabel, dau. and cob.; mar
1st, to
Pembroke; coheir
coin 1190,
of Sussex 1194 Albemarle; shared the inbe-
founder si
am, CO. ' John Earl of Morton (aft
King of
ofGiffardsEarlsof
to 1199, si
ared the inherit- mar. 5 Joh. ritance with Wil-
ofSud- Gloucest. England), 2dly, to Geoffrey de Man-
Buckingham,
dead in 1203.
anceoftl.e
GiflFards 2 Ric. 1 . ob. s. p. liam Mareschal,
ersham 1219, bu. Earlof Pembroke,
buryHo-
deville. Earl of Essex ; 3dlv
, to Hu-
died at Cav
spit. in
bert de Burgh, Justice of England ;
in the Tem
jje Ch. London. ob. 1206.
Suffolk.
ob. s. p.
1__^
1 — i — \
1 — 1 1 — 1 — 1 1
~1
l.VViLLiAM Earl of Pembroke;
4. Walter, Earl 1. Maud, mar. 2. Joane,=
pVVARINE de
3. Isabel,=fGii.bert
ROESIA,
ob. 1231, s. p. buried in the
of Pembroke, ma. to Hugh Hi- ob. 1264.
Monchensie,
mar. bef.
Earlof
mar. to
Temple Church. He mar. Alia-
Mari;aret, dan. of got, Earl of
son of VVarine
4 Hen. 3.
Clare,
Roger
nore, sister to King Henry 3.
Robert deQuincy, Norfolk; 2dlv,
de M.mchen-
VALENCE. and 2dly,
Glou-
de
She was mar. 2dly to Sim. de
Earl of VVinton, to John de
sle, by Agnes
in 1230,
cester,
Mow-
Montfort, Earl of Leicester ;
and widow of Warren, Earl
Fitz-Paine,
Hugh =PIsabel, toRichard
and
bray.
and died 1275.
John E. of Line; of Surrey.
and grandson
LE
sole da. Earl of
Hert-
2. Richard, Earl of Pemhrnke,
died25Dec.l246, 4. SlBH.L, mar.
ofWMliamde
Brun,
of the Cornwall:
ford ;
died in captivity 16 Apl. 1238,
s. p. bur. at Tin- to Will, de
Monchensie,
Earl of
Earl ob. inpuer.
1229, at
5. p. bur. at Kilkenny.
tern Abbey. Ferrers, Earl
temp. Hen. 2,
March,
of An- at Berk-
Penros,
3. Gilbert, Earl of Pembroke,
6. Anselm, Earl of Derby.
liy the dau. of
in
gou- hampstead,
in Bri-
roar. 1st, Margaret, sister of
of Pembroke, mar. [Pedigree of
Maud, dau. of Ferrers]
Will, de Al-
France.
lesme, co.Cest.l6
tanny,
the King of Scotland; 2dly,
bini.
widow Jan. 1239;
bur. at
Maud de Lanvalley : ob. at
Humphrey de Bo- 5. Eve, mar. to
of King bur. at
Tewkes-
Hertford 28 July 1242, s. p.
liun. Earl of He- William de
John, Beaulieu
bury.
bur. in the Temple Church.
reford : ob. 30 Braose. [Pe-
Hen. 3, at Stri- digree of
gull, s. p. [P.Di- Braose.]
and mo- Abbey,
ther of
King
Hen. 3.
William de Monchensi,=;:..
Joane, sole dau =;=WiLLiAMDE Valence, Margaret
=Richard de Clare,=pMaud, dau. of Gilbert.
fought at the battle of
heir of her bro-
Earl of Pembroke, 18 dau. of Hu
Earl of Gloucester,
Ji>hn de Lacy,
Lewes ; captured at Keiiil-
ther ; and onus.
Ed. 1. disputed legiti- bertde
ob. 18 June, 1262,
Earl of Lin-
worth ; lands given toWill.
and heir of Wal-
macy of Dionysia de Burgh, Earl bur. at Tewkesbury.
coln, mar. 9
de Valence, but restored ;
ter Mareschal.
Monchensie ; slain at of Kent,
Hen. 3.
ob. 16 Edw. \.
^
divorced.
!
DiONTsiA, sole Beatrix,=A
dau. and heir, dau. of Valence,
mar. to Hugh Raljih only surviv-
de Vere, sim Neale, ing son ;
of Robert Constable murdered in
Earl of Ox- of France. France.circ.
ford;ob.s. p. 1321, ob.
[PED.ofVERE.] S. p.
Alice de=Gilbert (the Red) Earl of Glou-qpJ^
March,. cester ; knighted by Montfort Earl
dau, of of Leicester, at Lewes ; fought at
Guy Earl the battle of Evesham 1264, signed
of An- with the Cross at Northampton;
gouleme ; performed great services in Wales,
divorced
bef.laE.l.
s,da. Clare.
l.by
Gilbert, Earl of Glouces-
ter and Hertford, killed at
Bannockbourne.
to Hugh I
Marga
RFT
mar. 1st
Gayest.
ne ,
2dly, t
Audley
Ea
lofGlo
Ki izABETH, mar. to John de Burgh, son ai
heir of Richard Earl of Ulster : bur. at Clai
[Pedigree of De Burgh, p. 159.]
The lands of the Mareschals, on the extinction of the male line, passed to the descendants of
the five sisters of those five successive Earls of Pembroke ; and although Alianore Countess of
Pembroke and Leicester survived all her brothers, as also both her husbands, and held Crendon
as part of her dower, Walter Earl of Pembroke is recorded to have retained in his own hands the
demesnes here (excepting certain portions which will be hereafter noticed),' and at the death of
the Countess dowager of Pembroke in 1275, the Sheriff of Bucks was commanded to give seisin
of the lands vi'hich she held in dower, and to make partition of the inheritance between Roger de
Mortimer and Maud his wife, Eudo la Zouche and Milisent his wife, John de Hastings, and
Humphrey de Bohun, surviving coheirs of Eve de Braose youngest sister of the five Earls of
Pembroke ; the share of John de Hastings being, on account of his minority, reserved in the
hands of the King.^
William de Braose, husband of Eve Mareschal, was descended as is described in the accom-
panying pedigree, which also shews the names of his daughters and coheirs to whose posterity
Testa de Nevill, p. 2-17.
Rot, Orig. 3 Edw. I. ro. 37. Cal. vol, i. p. 24..
202 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
the lands of the Marcschals subsequently came : but in the partition of those estates it is to be
observed that Isalicl, eldest daughter of William de Braose, died without issue, and that Crendon
descended to the representatives of her three vounger sisters.
PEDIGREE OF NEWMARCH, BRAOSE, and of the descendants of EVE, fifth daughter of
WILLIAM MARESCHAL, earl of PEMBROKE, sister and coheir of WILLIAM,
RICHARD, GILBERT, WALTER, and ANSELM, successively EARLS of PEMBROKE.
From Ancient Welsh Genealogies, Dugdale, &c.
Anns. Gu. five lo/cnges coujoineJ in fes? Or. Ni'wmarch. Vert, a Hon rampant Or, armed Gu. Cradock. Gu. two bends, the upper Or, the lower
Arg. Filx-ll alter. Or, two hons passant gardant Gu. Si. Ifaltcry. Gu. two bends wavy. Bneu-T. Harry of six Vaire and Gu. Braose.
"Bbrnard de Newmarch, a follower of the Conqueror, with thirteen Inights and=pNESTA, dau. of Traharne Cradoc, King of North Wales, else-
their followers, expelled Bledhin a Maynarch from the seigniory of Brecon, and founded where called dau. ot Griffin, son of Llewellyn, Prince of Wales,
a Priory there." |
William ot Braose, :^ , dau. of .Johel Milo Fitz-Walter, Earl oI^Sibii.. daughter and heiress Adam de Newmarch, temp. Hen. 1.
10 Will. 1. I deTotcneis. Hereford, temp. Hen. 1. I of the laud of Brecon. =y=
I [Pedigree of Hastings and Hungerford.]
I i . 1 1
Philip de Braose or Brewis, Lord of Brecon ; and of Br.imber, in Su5sex,=pBERTA, daughter William Earl of Hereford,
disinherited, and went on ])ilgriraage to Jerusalem 10 Hen. 1. | and coheir.
William de Braose, Lord of Brecon ; Sheriff of Hereford 19, 20, =f Maud, dau. of Bernard Lord of St. Valloire, died in imprison
21 Hen. 2, bur. in the Abbey of St. Victor at Paris, circ. 1211. | ment at Windsor 1210. [Dugd. Bar. tom. i. p. 417.]
William de Braose, famished Reginald de Braose,
with his mother in Windsor Lord of Brecun-Gwyr,
Castle. younger son, ob. 6'
Giles, Bishop of Hereford. Hen." 3.
^Grecia, dau. and coh. of Joane, mar. Loretta, mar. to Margaret,
William Lord Breiwcr; to Richard Robert Fitz-Parnell, mar. to Wal
mar. 2dly to Ralph Mor- Lord Percy. Earl of Leicester. ter de Lacy,
timer, of Wigmore.
John Braose, Lord of Landiraers. William de Braose, Lord of=pEvE, fifth daughter and coheir
=p Brecknock, murdered by Llewel- 1 William Mareschal, Earl of Pel
4- lyn Prince of Wales 14 Hen. 3. broke, had dower in all her hi
Pedigree of Audrey, p. 70. ' band's lands 14 Hen. 3; ob. 12:
William DE 1 . Isabel, mar. 1st, Roger de Mortimer, Earl of March, son=p2. Maud, Humph. DE=p3. Ele/
Braose, only to David, son of of Ralph Baron of Wigmore, by Gladusa, dau. and BoHUN,Eurl I dau. and
son, slain by Llewellyn Prince of qu. Grcecia .' widow of Reginald de Braose coh. of Hereford
the Welsh. Wales ; 2dly, to (ancestor of his wife Maud) ; ob. 1281. and Essex.
[Banks's Ext. Peter Fitzherbert ; X- -f-
Bar.vol.ii.p.2.] ob. s. p. [Pedigree of Mortimer, p. 203.] [Pedigree of
George DE Cantilupe,= , tiau. of Roger de=Milisent, eldest dau. and=j=EuDO la Zouche, y
Lord Bergavenny, ob Earl of Montalt. coh. dead before 27 Ed. 1. son of Alan la Zouch
'472, s.p. Lincoln. [Esc. 27 Ed. L rn. 4.] | bro. of Roger ; ob. circ
.a=pMAUD. dau. of John Lord John de Hastings, coheir=pIsABEL, dau. of William, and sister
to Porliament 2 Ed. 2, coheir of his I Lovel, of Tichmarsh, co. of his maternal uncle George and coheir of Adomar de Valence,
maternal uncle Geo.de Cantilupe,ob, Northampton. de Cantilupe , ob. 1313 (B Earls of Pembroke. [Pedigree of
(26 Ed. 3) 1303. I Ed. 2.) GiFFARD and Valence, p. 201.]
Eudo lA ZoucHE,=j=JoANE, dau. of JoiiN DE HASTINGS, Lord=pJuLi ANA, da. and h. of Tho
ob.vitftpat. I William Inge. Bergavenny, ob. 1324. \ le Blount ; 3dly, to VVl]
Sir WiLliam la Zouche, Knight=f Elizabeth fwill Lawrence de Hastings, EarlT=AGNES, dau. of Roger Mortimer, Earl of March ; mar. 2dly, to
Banneret, ob. 1381 (.5 Ric. 2.) | dated 140s., 1 of Pembroke ; ub.22Ed.3. I John Hakeluit, of Eaton, co. Hereford ; ob. 26 Jul. 42 Ed. 3.
William la Zouche, Knt. of Bram-=j= Thomas la Zouche, Margaret, ^John de Hastings, Earl of Pembroke; =t=Anne,
40 years of age at his father's death, vounger son. Lord of dau. of King ob. 1 6 April 1345, in France, bur. at He- Walter I
hed; ob. 1390- (1!) Ric. 2.) | Middle Claydon. Edward 3. reford, removed to Grey Friars, London. K.G.
, 1 , 1
William la Zouche, ob. 3 Hen. .s. John de Hastings, Earl of Pembroke, ob. 13
Dugdale and Banks concur in regard to Philip Braose, whom Dallaway calls l/lUiam ; and introduces a second William as grandson of Philip, in which
he is countenanced by Dugdale, but opposed by Edwardes's ancient MS. Pedigree of Awbrey. [See Dallaway's Heraldry ; Banks's Ext. Bar. vol. i. p. 42.
Dugdale's liar. tom. i. p. 4 14. Dodsworth's MSS. vol. ii. p. 20. in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon.] The wife of Reginald de Braose is by Dugdale called dau. of
Llewelyn Pr. of Wales vol. i. p. 133 ; and dau. of Briewer, p. 419.
CRENDON WITH NOTLEY.
203
Mortimers Portion. Maud, second daughter of William de Braosc, was married to Roger de
Mortimer, whose pedigree is annnexed :
Froi
s. Ba;
PEDIGREE OF MORTIMER.
Mouast. Aoglic. ; Dugdale*s BaroDage ; Harl. MSS. ; Inquis. post.
Arg. on ,
. Morlin
chief of the Second I
r Earl of March.
irt. and divers authorities.
) pales between as many piles of
or Mortimer, great nephew of Gunnor
1 the Conqueror ; and founder of St. Vic
Duchess of Normandy, great grandmother of=p.
or's Abbey, in Normandy. |
Hereford ; " ob. 5 Aug. 1 100. [Mod. Ang.
.p. 343.]=y:MlLLISENT.
Hugh de Mortimer, B
Abbey there circ. 1179 ;
MlLLlSENT, dau. of Rob. :^RoGER DE
ron of VVigmore, and founder of the=pMATlLDA, dau. of William de
ob, 26" Feb. 1185, bur at Cleobury. | Longespe, Duke of Normandy.
ILLIAM DF. Mortimer, of Hawise, mar. to Stephen
Cbelmarsh, ob. s. p. Earl of Albemarle.
Fer
[Mon.
p. 351,
Dom. B
Earl of Derby.
1. torn. vi.
:nd. vet. pen.
Morti-
mer, Bai
ofVVig-
Huffh
of Oakham, fimnd,
nery at Leclila
bur. there.
dau. of Waike- Hugh de Morti-
ister and h. of .mer, mar. to Fell-
Ferrars, Lords cia de St. Sydonio ;
Ralph.
William,
killed inthe ardes-Castle, co.
wars abroad. Hereford ; dead
bur.
Worcester,
1227, s. p.
Vigmore.
MOR
imer, Ba- Ralph i
ron of Wigmore ; mar. An- mer, Ba
nora, dau. of William de Wigmoi
Braose, survived her bus- ti Augu
band : ob. 4 id. Nov. 1227, (30 He
(11 Hen. 3.) s. p. bur. at
Wigmore. [Dugdale.]
Wi^rt
Roger de Mor- =
TIMER, Baron of
Wigmore; ob.
27 Oct. 1232, at
Kington, bur. at
Maud, daughter and
cob. of William, Ba-
ron Braose, of Breck-
nock : ob. 1300. [Pe-
digree of Braose,
p. 202.]
[Mon.
Angl. vol.
vi.p.349.]
Isabel,
mar. to
Walter
3 Hen. 3. [Ro
Fin.]
Hugh
de Ferrars, and dau. and
heir of Hugh de Say ;
married 2dly to William de
Stuteville, who survived
her. [Rot. Claus.lS Hen.
3. m. 3.]
Gladusa, wid, Robert, derived with
of Reginald de his two brothers and
Braose, and sister, from Roger by
da. ofLewellin Mlliseut his Ist wife. de Bea
Pr.of Wales, by [Blore'sRutlandshire, champ
Joane, dau. of p. 230.]
K.John.[Dug.] Philip.
Hugh de Mortimer,:
of Richard's Castle,
had livery of his mo-
[Rot. I
Fes!;1
n. 43 Hen
>b. 3 Ed«
42]
Peter.
John,
Friar 8
Shrew.
Hugh de Mortimer,
Liirdof Chelmarsb, co.
Salop, mar. Agatha,
dau. of William de
Ferrars, Earl of Derby.
Isabel; [Rot.
Orig. isEd. 1.
ro. 19.]
Robert de Mortime
of Richard's Castle, sc
and heir, set. 22 year
3 Edw. 1 ; ob. 15 Ed.
[Esc. no. 42.]
Sir Ralph Edmund
Joyce, dau. and heir
of William la Zouche,
younger son of Alan
Baron la Zouche, of
Ashby ; survived her
husband.
Mn
DE Morti-
mer, Knt.
eld. son :
mer. Baron of Wig-
more ; son and heir,
set. 27 years, 1 1 Ed.
1 ; [Esc. n". 23.]
summoned to Parlia-
ment by writ, 23 Jun.
23 Edw. 1 : ob. 7
Aug. 1304, at Wig-
more Castle.
:Margaret, Sir Geof-
dau. of Sir freyMor-
William de timer,
Fendles, or knighted
Fienles, by^Edw. I.
to Queen bur. at
Eleanor ; Wigmore.
heldCrendon:
ob. 1334.
Sir William
Mortimer,
Kl. mar. Ha-
wise, heir of
Robert deMu-
scegros ; ob.
12.9(;, s. p.
seised of 3d
iiart of Cren-
Roger de Morti- =^Con
MER, of Chirke
Lord Mortimer,
summoned
.Par-
Edw. 2 : ob. 3
Aug. 1336 in the
Tower of London,
Lucia,
Robert de
VVafre.
[Mon.
Roger de Mortimer, =p. Jo
and heir, eet. J 8 years,
32 Edw. 1 ; [Esc. n".
63] cr. Earl of March
1 Edw. 3. hanged 29
Nov. 1330, near Smith-
field, at the GreyFriers,
igmo
[Rot. Pat. p. 2, m. 18.]
*, da. John, killed 3 Jan. 1318, in a Margaret.
fPet. tournament at Worcester, Rob. de Vere, Ei
deGenevile, a-t. IS. of Oxford, ob. s.
sonofGeof- Hugh, Rector of Old Radnor. Matilda, mar.
frey, Lordof Walter, Rector of Kingtone, Theobald, Baron
Trim,mlre- co. Heref. de Verdun,
land; ob. 30 Edmund, Rector of Hodnet, Joane and
Ed. 3. [Rot. CO. Salop ; Treasurer of York Elizabeth, Nuns
Fin. m. S.] Cathedral 1264. Lyngbroke Conv
351.]
. to Roger DE=pJoANNA, da
Morti- of
MER. I Turbeville.
MER sum-
vid. 32
moned to
Edw. 1
Parlia-
ment 25
and 27
Edw. 1. :
ob. 32
Edw. 1.
John de Mortimer, sold
his inheritance to Rich-
ard Fitz-Alan, Earl of
Arundel. [Dugdale.]
Edmund de Mor-
timer, eldest son,
knighted at the
coronation of Edw.
3.; ob. 26 January
1331, at Stanton
Lacy, bur. at VVig-
more. [Dugdale.]
de Badeles-
mere, sister
and cob. of
Giles: mar.
2dly toWm.
de Bohun,
Earl of
Northainp.
=2. W.llia
DE Bohun
Earl of
Northamp
ton. [Se,
knighted
ronat.ofK.
Ed. 8. mar.
Joanna
da.ofEdm.
de Buteler.
Geoffrey de .Mor-
Ti.MER, Knt. Lord
ofRyhall, CO. Rut-
land, knighted at
the coronation of
K. Edw. 3.
John de Morti-
mer, killed in a
touruameut at Sa-
Katharine, mi
Joane, mar. to
AUDLEY.]
Agnes, mar. to
DlGREEofHA
William la
Zouche, of
Mortimer.
Zouche.]
Joane, eld. d;iu. and coh.
lEt. 12 32 Edw. 1. then
wife of Thomas deBvke-
nnre. [Pedig. of Tal-
bot, p. 27.]
Margaret, dau. and coh.
aet. S years, 32 Edw. 1.
then wife of Jeffrey Corn-
wail. [Dugd. Bar. i. p.
163.] ~
uchamp, Earl of Warwick.
; de Audley, Baron Audley. [Pedigree of
mce de Hastings, Earl of Pembr.ike. [Pe-
;o Thomas de Berkeley, Baron Berkeley.
ATILDA, mar. to John de Cherlton, Baron Powys.
.ANCH, mar. to Peter de Graudison, Baron Grandison.
MATRIX, mar. Is-, to Edw. son and heir appt. of Tbonias Plan-
agenet, Duke of Norfolk ; 2dly, to Sir Thomas de Braose.
204
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
ainder, K. G.
.V. 3. Karl of Marcli on
59, in Burgundy, bur. i
, VVii
Edmund de Mortimer, Earl of March, born at Lan-=pPniLLipPA, d.
gonith 1 Feb. 1351, died at Cork 27 Dec. 1381, (5 | rence, (2d so
Rich. 2. J Will dated 1 May 1331 ; to be buried at I by Eliz. his
VVigmore. [DucareVs Excerpts from Lambeth Reg. Ulster; bur. £
vol. xii. p. 743.] I p. 159.]
u. and heir of Lionel Plantagenet, Dulie of Cla- Margaret
1 of K. Edw. 3.) [Rot. Claus. 43 Edw. 3. m. 5.] de IWe.
'ife, dau. and heir of William de Burgh, Earl of Margery
;Wigmore. [Pedigree of De Burgh and Clare, Audley.
Roger de Mortimer, Earl of:
March an.l Ulster, born at j de Holand and sist. &
Iskell April 1374; Lieut of coli. of Edm. de Ho-
Ireland 5 Rio. 2. andgRic. 2. | land, (Earls of Kent)
decl. Hcir-app. to tlie Crown ; mar. 2dlv to Lord
killed 20 July 1398, in Ire- | Powys : '..b. 23 Dec.
land: bur. at Wigmore. 1405. [Pedigree of
Pr.ANTAGtNET.]
ARD Ed:
;le- Tin
ofPowys;
ob.9Hen 5.
having had
a 2d wife.
-"T
node Mor-
rfER, Knt. born
Ludloiv 9 Nov.
Elizabeth, born at Uske 12 Feb. 1371, mar. to Henry
(Hotspur) Lord de Percy, son and heir appt. of Henry
Earl of Nortlmmberland. [Pedigree of Stafford]
Phillipra, born at Ludlow 21 Nov. 1375, mar. 1st to John
de Hastings, Earl of Pembroke ; 2dly, to Richard Fitz-
Allan, Earl of Arundel; 3dly, to Thomas de Poyniugs,
Baron Sc. John : ob. s. p. [Dugd. Bar. torn. ii. p. 137.]
Edmund de Mortimer, =Anne, d.au. of=2. John de Roger de Mor-
Earl of March and Ul- Edmund Earl Holand, timer, born 24
iter, born in the New of Stafford, sist. Earl of March, IG Ric.
ForestKNov.1391; ffit.S of Humphrey Huntingdon. 2. ob. s. p. bur.
years,22Ric. 2.; ob. 19 Duke of Buck- [Rot.Claus. at Stoke.
January 1424, s. p. bur. ingli.ob.l iHen. 8 Hen. 6.
at Wigmore. (J. [See p. 28.] m. 20.]
=pR.cnARD Planta-
genet de Con-
INGSBURGH, Earl
of Cambridge, bro-
ther of Edward
Duke of York.
Alianore, mar. to Joane, mar. toSir John
Edward, son and de Grey, Knt.
heir of Edw.;rd de Jovce, ' mar. to Sir
Courtenay, Earl of John Tiptoft, half
Devon : ob. s. p. sister and coh. In
[Dugd. Bar. torn, i. tail of Edm. Earl of
p. 151.] March.
Richard Plant
a=t. 14 years
IGENET, Duke of York, nephew and heir of Edmund Earl of March,
3 Hen. 6. [Esc. n". 32.] father of K. Edw. 4. and K. Richard 3.
Roger Mortimer had livery of the share of Maud his wife in the estates of the jNIareschals.' He
attended the King at Chester in 1257, to assist in repelling the Welsh, and was discharged from
payment of scutage for twenty-six knight's fees and a half, which he held in right of the said
Maud as coheir of her father. He was one of the King s sureties for performance of the engage-
ment made at Oxford with the Barons in 1261 ; and his houses were hurnt hy the confederates
after his retreat into Wales upon the loss of the hattle of Lewes : hut he contrived the escape of
Prince Edward, then in the hands of the enemy, and, in 1265, after a signal victory at Evesham,
effected the liberation of the King himself, who rewarded him with the Earldom of Oxford and
jjart of the lands of Robert de Vere. He held many important offices ; and when his sons were
made Knights, sumptuously entertained a hundred Knights and their ladles at a magnificent
tournament at Kenilworth Castle. He died in 1282,^ and Maud, his widow, afterwards enfeoffed
Sir William de Mortimer her younger son, in the third part of this manor, of which he died seised
in 12{H), in her life time,'^ and which reverting to her, she died in possession of It, in 1300.^ Ed-
mund Lord Mortimer succeeded. He was a commander at Buelth, In co. Radnor, when the head
of Llewellyn Prince of Wales was cut oft", and In savage triumph crowned with Ivv, and placed on
the Tower of London. He was wounded, and died in France in 1304, and Margaret, his widow,
held his share of Crendon until her dcath.^
Roger de Mortimer, her son and heir, was, during his minority, in ward of Piers dc Gaveston,
and succeeded him in the favour of the Court. His rapid advancement to power ; his subsequent
disgrace and imprisonment ; his escape Into France ; his return ; the eminence to which he was
raised by the countenance of Prince Edward, and the Intrigues of Queen Margai-et ; his insolence,
and the abuse of the authority intrusted to him ; his sudden fall and unhappy end, are delineated
in the history of tliat turbulent period.
Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. Itl. Rot. Pip. and Rot. Fin. 31 Hen. III. and Rot. Claus. Ibid. m. 1,5.
Esc. 11 Edw. I. no. 28. Cal. vol. i. p. 79. ^ Esc. '25 Edw. I. no. 36. Cal. vol. i. p. 13 1.
Esc. 29 Edw. I. no. ,53. Cal. vol. i. p. 1«9.
Rot. Claus. 32 Edw. I. m. 8. Esc. 32 Edw. I. no. G3. Cal. vol. i. p. 190. Kcnnet's I'aroch. Antitj. vol. i. p. 496.
CRENDON WITH NOTLEY. 205
Edmund Mortimer, his eldest son, was not admitted to the Earldom of March, which in the
plenitude of royal favour his father had obtained ; but recovered part of his inheritance, and died
in 1331, in the prime of life: Roger, his infant son, being placed in the wardship of William de
Bohim, Earl of Northampton, who married his mother.
Margaret, widow of Edmund de Mortimer the elder, died in 1334, seised of one third part of
Crendon,' which was granted to John Hethey, Groom of the King's Chamber, until the heir should
come of age.^ Elizabeth Countess of Northampton had an assignment of dower of the lands of
Edmund de Mortimer, her first husband, which included this manor, and soon after her death in
1357,^ Roger Lord Mortimer her son, who, on the reversal of his grandfather's attainder had ac-
quired the title of Earl of March,'' exchanged Crendon for a moiety of Ludlow, in Salop, with
William Lord Ferrers, of Groby,^ who, in 1371, died seised of the third part of this manor.'^ His
second wife Margaret, daughter of Henry de Percy, and formerly wife of Robert de Umfraville,
second son of Gilbert Earl of Angus, survived him,^ but this manor is not mentioned amongst
those which she held in dower : however, it is found included in the enumeration of the possessions
of Sir Henry de Ferrers, son of the late William Lord Ferrers, who was her heir, and who died
3 Feb. 1387, seised of the third part of Crendon ; ^ which was settled upon Joane his wife, daugh-
ter of Sir Thomas Poynings, and at her decease, 30 May, 1394, descended to her son and heir
William Lord Ferrers of Groby.^ He attended the King in his wars in Ireland and France, and
dying 18 May 1445,'° Thomas Ferrers, his second son, succeeded to his entailed estates, and Eli-
zabeth, daughter of Henry de Ferrers deceased, his eldest son, to the residue of his lands : and
being the wife of Sir Edward de Grey, Knt., in 1447 a fine was passed between Thomas Ferrers
and Sir Edward de Grey and the said Elizabeth, by which certain rents in Crendon were settled on
Thomas Ferrers and his heirs males, with remainder to the right heirs of William late Lord Fer-
rers, of Groby: " and by another fine, the same estate was settled upon John, son of Thomas
Ferrers, for life. Sir Edward de Gsey was, in right of his wife, summoned to Parliament as Lord
Ferrers of Groby, 14 Dec. 1446, and in 1454, held a court as Lord of the manor of Crendon. '^ He
died 8 Dec. 1458, and was succeeded by his son John Lord Ferrers, who was slain in the battle of
St. Alban's in 1460 ; after which no further account is discovered of this portion of Crendon until
it appears to have been conveyed to the family of Dormer, in or about 1552, when Henry Grey,
Gent, of London, in consideration of 1000 marks, passed the manor of Crendon to William Dor-
mer, Esq.'^ whose ancestors had long possessed lands here.
From the obscurity of early records, and the unfortunate loss of some v.hich might probably
have elucidated the history of the ancient possessions of the Dormers in this county, it can not
be precisely ascertained in what manner their lands in Crendon were originally acquired, but
in 1473 (13 Edw. IV.) a fine being passed between Geoffrey Dormer, William Est, John Loseley,
and John Warmestone, or Warmodeston, with Henry Tracy and Alice his wife, who was the
daughter of Thomas Baldington, Esq. of Addcrbury, it seems pretty clear that at least part of the
lands which, through the heiress of the Baldingtons (and heir general of the Arundels as she is
■ Esc. 8 Edw. III. no, 19. Cal. vol. ii. p. 59.
^ R. commisit valetto suo Joh'i de Hethey custodiam CO' de Crendon, q'd Margaretta de Mortuo iMari jam def.
tenuit, h'end' usq' ad legiti'am a^tatem he'dis, &c. Rot. Orig. 8 Edw. III. ro. 9. Abbrev. vol. ii. p. 85. Dugd. Bar.
torn. i. p. 143. ' lb. p. U7. Esc. 30 Edw. III. no. 13. Cal. vol. ii. p. 196.
4 Rot. Pari. 28 Edw. III. vol. ii. p. 256. Rudder's Gloucest. p. 291.
5 Rot. Pat. 31 Edw. III. Claus. 32 Edw. III. m. 18. Lysons's Mag. Brit. vol. i. p. 546.
« Esc. 45 Edw. III.no. 28. Cal. vol. ii. p. 308. ' Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p". 268. » Esc. llRic. 2. n". 26. Cal. vol. iii. p. 93.
9 Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 262. Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 176. '" Esc. 26 Hen. 6. m, 33. Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 269.
" Rot. Fin. 26 Hen. 6. " Court Rolls of Crendon. '^ Rot. Claus. 6 Edw. VI. pt. ii. n°. 39.
206 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
sometimes called) the Dormers afterwards possessed, were the same which had hclonged to the
family of Warmodeston, of whom it is recorded that William de Warmodeston and Alice his wife
purchased lands here of Edmund de Burne and Mabel his wife in 1301, and of John Mansel, of
Thame, and Maud his wife, in 130().' In 1310, John Warmodeston settled lands on William de
Warmodeston and Alice, and the heirs of William ;• and in 1335 John and Alice de Warmodes-
ton passed lands to Thomas le Verdon, probably upon the marriage of the latter with Alice de
Warmodeston; for William Warmodeston the father, and Alice his wife, having in 1337 passed
lands to Guy Bretoun,^ John, son of William, and Thomas le Verdon and Alice his wife, were in
1351 parties to another fine, and in 1362 John de Warmodeston died seised of an estate here;''
after which the name of Warmodeston is not discovered in connection with this place until the
purchase or conveyance to the Dormers in 1473. By another fine, Sir Michael Dormer, Knt.
and Edmund Est and Anne his wife, settled the conveyance of two messuages, two tofts, 300
acres of arable, 40 of meadow, 300 of pasture, 20 of wood, and 40 of gorse and underwood, in
Crcndon and Grendon,^ which seem to have formed their estate here, when Sir Michael Dormer,
Knt. and John Dormer, Citizen and Mercer of London,*^ by Indenture dated 23d Sept. 1547,
conveyed and settled lands here, which were subsequently vested in William Dormer, Esq. who
also acquired the manor ; and these estates being afterwards alienated in severalties, especially
by John Dormer, Esq. of Dorton, about the year 1689, the manor, with certain lands, is said to
have passed by purchase to the family of Grenville, and having been held by George Grenville,
Esq. of Wotton, descended, with the principal estates of that family, to his Grace Richard-Gren-
ville-Nugent-Chandos-Temple, Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, K.G. the present possessor ;
who in 1824 accepted an allotment under an Inclosure Act,' in lieu of his estate, with reservation
of all manorial rights.
Bohnns Portion descended, by the marriage of Eleanor, another coheiress of William de
Braosc, to Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford and Essex, as is shewn in the annexed
Pedigree.
PEDIGREE OF BOHUN, Earls of HEREFORD, ESSEX, and NORTHAMPTON.
From Dugdale's Haronage and Monast. Anglic, and otiier Authorities.
Arms. Az. a bend cotized Ar. between six lioncels ramp. Or.
Humphrey de Bohun " icith the beard," temp. Will. l=p
Humphrey de Uohun, sumamed llic Great ; ob. temp. Steph.=pMAUD, dau. of Edw. de Saresbury.
I . . 1
HiMPHBEY DE BoHUN, Steward to King=p Margery, eld. da. of Milo Earl of HerefortI, Ci>n5table of Eo-'land,
Hen. l.d.f Ap. 1187, bur. otUnthonj. " "
nd cob. of Mallei Earl of Hereford :
Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford in right of bis mother, =pMargaret, da. of Hi-nry Earl of Huntingdon, sister of William King of Scots, wido»
and Constable of England ; d bur. at Laolbonv. j of Couon le Petit, Earl of Britanny and Ricbmoud, d. 1 19 . . , bur. at Lantlionv
I L 1
Henry de Bohun, Earl of Hereford, Constable of England, Earl of Essex=p Maud, sole da. of Geoffrey Fitz-Piers, Earl of Essex, heir of her bro. Will.
jure uxoris ; d. I June 12-20 (4 Hen. 3) on bis voyage to the Holy Laad, Mandeville, Earl of Essex'; mar. 2dly, to Roger de Daotsey ; divorced, and
bur. at Lanthony. | died in 12ay.
' Hot. Fin .'JO and 35 Ed. I. ' lb. 4 Ed. II. ^ ][, j , ^j. m.
^ Esc. 3G Ed. III. no. 7;5. Cal. vol ii. p. 256. ^ ^ot. Fin. 37 Hen. VIII.
' !Sce Pediguke of Dou.MEn, in Ciiearsley, p. 1 19. ■ Stat. 5 Geo. IV.
CRENDON WITH NOTLEY.
207
the Earl of
Ewe ; bur. a
Lanthuny.
iiPHREV DE BoHUN, Earl of Hereford and=j=MAUD de Ave
X, " called Me goo(/,'* taken prisoner at Eve- Sorges in Gast
•liain ; d. 24 Sept. 1975, bur. at Lantliony. | at Lanthony.
[Dugd. Bar. vol. i. p. 182.] ^
[Pedigree of Maheschai..
Eleanor, da. and coh. of Will
of Brecknock, by Eve, dau.
Will. Mareschal, Earl of ?t
36 H. 3. [Fed. of Braose,
deBri
3. 202.]
DE BoHUN, captured — Joa
1, imprisoned in Bees- Qui
r Earl of Winclit
Pat. 5U H. 3]
to Anselm Ear]
T Earl of Winches
.oger de Tony.
..Quincy.
Essex, d. at Pleshy 1298 [RoL^Maud, da. of Will.
12.] bur. at Walden, in Essex. | Queen Eleanor;
Humphrey DE Bohun, Earl of Hereford and Essex
kille.l near Boroughbridge. co. York, 1(J Mar.
1321
of England i=f Elizabeth, da. of King Edw. 1 . widow of John Earl of Ho
tYork. I land; died in childbeds May 13 IB, bur. at Walden.
of Edm.
Earl of
Arundel,
inar.1325,
Waiden.
rJoHN DE BoHUN.^MaRG
Earl of Hereford ret, <1
and Essex, Con-
stable of England :
K. B. 20 Jan.
1327; ob.29 Jan.
1336, s.p. bur.
at Stratford-le-
of Ralph
Basset.
Humphrev, Ea
Hereford and Essex,
ob. coelebs 15 Oct
1361 i seised ofCren-
don Manor [Esc. 3;
E. 3. n». lO.Jbur. ai
the Augustin Friars.
London.
f Edward
, deBohun,
. Lord of
7 Wilts';
Earl of
North-
Mortimer: mar.
bef. 1339, Will
dated I G May
1356, bur. at Bl.
Friars, London.
Bohun,
twin with
William;
ob.at
Kimbolton
1331, bur.
at Walden.
2. Alianore.
3. Margaret, ma.
to Hugh de Cour-
tenav, second Earl
of Devon.
4. Isabel, ob. inf.
HuMPh
and No
DE Bohun, Earl of Hereford, Essex,=
mpton. Constable of England; d. 17
:JoANE. 2d da. of Richard Earl of Arundel ; a great benefactor
to Walden Abbey, ob. vidua 7 Apr. 1419, bur. at Walden.
Thomas of WoonsTOCK (6 son of King Edw. 3.) cr. Earl=f Eleanor, eldest da. and coh.
of Buckingham (1 Ric. 2 ) and Essex, and 9 Ric. 2. Duke 33 Ed. 3. ; ob. 3 Oct. 1399,
of Gloucester; murdered in France 24 Aug. 21 Ric. 2. at Westminster.
:Henry Earl of Derby (s
of Gaunt, Duke of Lancas
wards King Henry 4.
, of John
r) after-
HuMPHREY Plan
ob. 1399 (I He
Chester.
1. Anne, sole heiress, a!t. 20 (1 Hen. 4.);
mar. to Edmund Earl of Stafford. [See
PiDiGREE of Stafford, p. 28.]
John Earl of Hereford and Essex, grandson of Humphrey, seventh Earl, passed a fine in 1330,
of the third part of Crcndon Manor with Peter Faveller, who had the remainder in the said
estate settled upon him and the heirs of his body, after the decease of Walter de Fynchynfield,
who then held it.' Earl John died in lo35 without issue, and was succeeded by his brother,
Humphrey de Bohun, who, in 13G1 died seised,^ and his honours and estates passing to his
nephew Humphrey, son of William de Bohun, Earl of Northampton, the said Humphrey, who
was Earl of Northampton, Hereford, and Essex,^ died seised of the third part of Crendon manor
and of knights' fees here. He left two daughters, Eleanor, wife of Thomas of Woodstock, son
of King Edward the Third, and Mary, wife of Henry Earl of Derby, afterwards King Henry the
Fourth.4 Thomas of Woodstock, Constable of England, was at the coronation of his nephew.
King Richard the Second, created Earl of Buckingham, and obtained a grant of 1000 marks out
of the Exchequer, and 20/. per ami. out of the county of Buckingham, with a new patent as Con-
stable. In 1379 (2 Ric. II.) he commanded in an expedition into France, and making legal proof
of the age of Eleanor his wife, had the custody of her share of the inheritance of the Bohuns,
which had been divided between herself and Mary Countess of Derby. In 1385 the Earl of
Buckingham and Essex was created (12 Nov. 9 Ric. II.) Duke of Gloucester, with unusual pomp,
a circle or coronet of gold being solemnly placed on his head. He was also appointed Justice of
■ Rot. FiD. 4 Edw. III.
3 Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 186.
Esc. 37 Edw. III.
' lb. p. 187.
10. Cal. vol. ii. p.259.
208 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Chester and North Wales ; but, the King conceiving some jealousy respecting him, he was seized
and suddenly carried into France, and (24 Aug. 21 Ric. II.) put to death. Eleanor died a widow
3 Oct. 1399, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. Humphrey, only son of the Duke of
Gloucester, died of the plague at the age of eighteen, and his sister Joane being dead, and Isabel
another sister being a nun, Anne his surviving sister carried the whole of the inheritance to
Edmund Earl of StatFord,' who had the King's special license to marry this great heiress, the
widow of his elder brother, and having had livery of her lands in 1401, was slain at Shrewsbury
in the next year: and on a partition of the inheritance of the Bohuns, Crendon was assigned^ to
King Henry the Fifth, in right of Mary his mother, coheiress of Humphrey dc Bohun, Earl of
Hereford. It was afterwards settled in dower on Queen Catharine, whose " Great Steward,"
Walter Beauchamp, held several courts here from the first to the eighteenth of the reign of
Henry VI.'* and this estate being granted for the foundation of All Souls College, in Oxford, the
Warden and Scholars held their court in 1449 and 1459.
However, Crendon was one of those manors claimed by Henry Duke of Buckingham as part
of the inheritance of the Bohuns, and included in his remarkable patent dated at Greenwich 13
Julv, 1 Ric. III. being described as in the hands of King Edward IV. by virtue of certain acts of
Parliament made against King Henry VI. on whose death without issue surviving, the Duke of
Buckingham ought to have inherited those lands, "as cousin and heir of blood to Humphrey late
Earl of Hereford." ■* The Duke was tragically cut oil' before the meeting of that Parliament by
which the provisions of the errant might have been ratified: but there seems to have been some
poetical license in the scene drawn by Shakspeare, in which the Duke's chagrin at the King's re-
fusal to bestow those lands upon him is represented as a principal cause of his defection ;5 and,
notwithstanding the recorded grant, the same idea has been countenanced by historians.
TJie College of All Souls held this manor at the time of King Henry the Eighth's valuation, at
19/. 6s. 8d. per ann. subject to 5*. payable to Henry Bawdwen, receiver of the fee-farm rents of
the Crown, and 4/. IG.f. 8^/. each to John Man and Thomas Mendus, two priests, for the celebra-
tion of mass and exequies daily for John Barton and Isabel his wife, by her direction.''
This manor, still the property of All Souls College, has been held by divers lessees : was for-
merly in the possession of the family of Burnham, for some of whom there are memorials in the
church ; and at a later period of the Wests. Robert West, born here in 1698, emigrated to
North America with William Penn, founder of the State called Pennsylvania, and returning to
England in 1764, died in 1776, his widow and others of his family long residing here; and by
the marriages of the daughters and coheiresses of Henry West, of Long-Crcndon, their i)roperty
here became vested in Mr. Huxley and Mr. John Rose, the present possessors.
ZoMc/ie ami Hasfiiigs''s Portion was shared between Milisent, wife of Eudo la Zouche, grand-
daughter of Eve de Braose, and John de Hastings, her great grandson."
IMilisent was first married to John de Montalt, who being a Baron, she continued to bear his
name after her marriage to Eudo la Zouche. Milisent dying in 1298, her son, William la Zouche,
was admitted to her lands,^ and in 1308 (2 Edw. II.) was summoned to Parliament as a Baron
' See Pedigree of Stafford, p. 28. ^ See WvcomeI'. ^ Court Rolls of Crendon.
« Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p 169 ; and torn. ii. p. 1G5. Sec also Pedigree, p. '2S. ^ Richard the Third, act iv. sc. ii.
« Val. Kccles. Hen. VIII. vol. ii. p. '234:
' .Toaiie deCantilune, sister of INIilisent, and mother of Jolm de IhiNtings, is by Duiidale, in the same page, called
both the c/dcr and the yonngerdaughtcr of William de Cantilupe. BaronHge, vol. i. p, 733.
" Rot. Orig. 27 Edw. I. ro. 4-. p. lOi.
CRENDON WITH NOTLEY. 209
and this manor having descended to Sir WilHam la Zoucho, Knt. in the reign of Richard II. ' he
was found to be the next heir of John de Hastings, and re-united it to his paternal inheritance.
Hastings s Moiefi/, which, at the partition of the lands of the Cantiliipes, had been assigned to
John de Hastings ; descended at his death in 1313 ^ to his son, John Lord Bergavenny, together
with an estate in Ashendon ; ^ and in 1348, in the minority of Lawrence Earl of Pembroke, was
committed to Theobald de Mounteneye, who in 1364 died seised ;4 but it was restored to John do
Hastings, son of Lawrence, when he came of age,^ who died in 1375 seised of knights' fees here ;''
whence it might be inferred that he was not in possession of the Manor, for in the same year it
was found, by another Inquisition, that Edward le Despenser, Chivaler, in right of himself and
Elizabeth his wife, died seised of Crendon manor ; ^ after which, in 1390, John de Hastings, son
of the former John, died seised of fees here,'^ and Crendon being settled in dower on Philippa his
wife, Richard Earl of Arundel, her second husband, in right of the said Philippa, died in 1397
seised of the fourth part of a knight's fee here, held by Philip de Segrave.^
At length this portion reverting to the Crown,'° a court baron and view of frankpledge was held
here in 1453 by Robert de Shottesbroke (32 Hen. VI.) " and the manor was granted by patent
(7 Edw. IV.) under the great seal of the Duchy of Lancaster to Elizabeth Queen Consort,'^
amongst lands formerly belonging to the family of Hastings ; and in 1478 is said to have been
given to the foundation of the collegiate church of Windsor by King Edward IV. '■^ and the Dean
and Canons held their Courts at Crendon in 1482, 1488, and in the 6th, 10th, and 13th of
Henry VII.''' In the Rebellion this estate was secpiestered, and a conveyance was made by Sir
John Wollaston, Knt. and other Parliamentary Commissioners, in consideration of 820/. 18*. 7d.'^
to Henry of Long Crendon, in which it was described as "parcel of the possessions of
the Dean and Canons of Windsor, abolished." '^
After the Restoration of Charles II. the Dean and Canons regained possession, and at the pass-
ing of the Inclosure Act "^ accepted an allotment of lands in lieu of their estate, reserving all
manorial rights ; which are still enjoyed by the college, or their lessees.
TithershaU IFood, sometimes written Tether-hill, Tidershall, and Titerselle, an insulated
portion of Crendon parish, more than three miles distant from it, northward, and situated between
Wotton and Ludgershall, probably derived its name from the ancient Hundred in which it was
surveyed, together with Crendon, in contradistinction to the local situation of the parishes by
which it is immediately surrounded.'^ It formed part of the forest of Bernwode, and was un-
doubtedly that "wood for one hundred hogs" described in the Norman Survey as belonging to
Walter Gift'ard : and being partitioned, descended to the respective possessors of the manor
before mentioned. At length one third part of it, still continuing a wood, coming to the
family of Dormer, was conveyed, with other lands in Crendon, to George Grenville, Esq. of
' See Pedigree, p. 176. ' Esc. 6 Edw. II no. 56. Cal. vol. i. p. 251. ^ See page 10.
* Esc. 38 Edw. III. no. 26. Cal. vol. ii. p. 266.
5 R. concessit consanguineo suo Joh'i fil. et he'di Laurencii de Hastynges, nup. Com. Perabr. def., et de R. tenuit in
capite custodiam CD. de Croijndon cum p'tin. quod Tlieobald, de Mountentj ten. &c. ; h'end' usque ad legitimam aetatem
h'edis, redd'o inde R. p' ann. p'd'o man'io de Croyndon xx niarcas, &c Rot. Orig. 36 Edw. III. ro. 19. Abbrev. vol. ii.
p. 272.
« Esc. 49 Edw. III. no. 70. Cal. vol. ii. p. 34.4. ' lb. p. 349. ' lb. 13 Ric. II. vol. iii. p. 1 16.
9 lb. 21 Ric. II. p. 213. "' See page 11. " Court Rolls of Crendon.
'" Rot. Pari. vol. V. p. 628. '^ Lysons's Magn. Brit. vol. i. p. 546. " Court Rolls.
'5 Such inadequate compensation for property of considerable value, was very common under similar conveyances.
'" MSS. Lowndes. " Stat. 5 Geo. IV. '» See page 3.
VOL. I. 2 £
210 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Wotton, and descended to George Nugent-Grenville-Temple, Marquess of Buckingliam, K. G.'
who also acquired, under the Statute for the Redemption of Land Tax, another portion which
had been vested in the Dean and Canons of Windsor; and both, at his Lordship's decease, in 1813,
Ijccame the property of his Grace Richard, since Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, K. G. by
whom, in 1824, in exchange for other lands, the remaining third part of Tithershall Wood was
acquired of the Warden and Scholars of All Souls College ; so that the whole is now the property
of the Duke of Buckingham, &c. The Wood contained by admeasurement 101) acres, but some
reduction has been made by assarting a small part of it.
Besides these manors, there were in Crcndon many tenants bound to attend the chief lord in
the wars, and to fight in defence of his lands wheresoever commanded.- John Morell held the
fourth part of a knight's fee of the old feoffment,'' and lands of the new feoffment belonged to
Robert son of William Revel, who, being a minor and in ward of the chief lord, paid 100a. /;«• ann.
to be exempt from scutagc, and presented to the lord on his birth-day a chaplet of roses.'* These
were included in the share of Joane, second sister of Walter Marcschal, wife of Warine de
Monchensy,^ and descended amongst the possessions of William dc Valence, Earl of Pembroke, as
described m Ashendon.*^ The family of Morell were subfeudatories of the Countess of Oxford in
Adingravc and Oakley, and long held this estate. Agnes Mildenhall, widow of John Morell
(grandson of Peter Morell by Claricia, heir of Gilbert de Crendon) in 1271, and Agnes, wife of
Thomas Pecche, of Horsepath, co. Oxon, daughter of John Morell, in 1278, joined in an assurance
of the lands of her ancestors to Sir John Fitz -Nigel, of Boarstall.'' The descendant of William
Revel above mentioned was, in the reign of Edward IIL one of the assessors of the subsidy called
the ninth. ^
The families of Baldwin and Piers also occur in ancient records ; lands in Crendon having been
passed by fine in 1240 between Adam Fitz-Baldwin and William Fitz-Mathias and Alice his wife,
to whom they were conveyed ; and in 1250 John Fitz-Baldwin, of Crendon, settled lands on Wil-
liam Fitz-Adam. In 1284 Adam Fitz- Piers, of Crendon, and Dionysia his wife, granted lands,
&c. here to Nicholas Lucy and Maud his wife,^ which in 1285 Lucy re-conveyed, and they were
ultimately settled on Fitz-Picrs and his wife. In 1341 John de Bolour conveyed lands here to
John Fitz-Piers and Lettice his wife, with remainder to John their son and the heirs of his body^
remainder to Thomas and Edmund his brother successively in tail male ; and another fine between
John Fitz-Piers and Bolours included the like cntail.'° Roger Dayrell and Joane his wife in 1384
acquired lands here of John and Joane Faux, which were settled in remainder on the heirs of
Roger Dayrell, In 1393, messuages and lands here were passed by Thomas Lovcden and Katherine,
to Sir Richard Abberburv, Knt." and in 1410 a fine occurs of lands here, between Henry Hode, of
Crendon, and Richard Staccy and Cecilia his wife.
In 1425 lands were passed by fine between Thomas Chaucer, John Golafre, Andrew Sper-
lyng, and Eustace Valdrean, and Anthony Ormesby and Margery his wife ; '- Chaucer and
' See Wotton, and Pedigree of GuENvii.i.E. ' Test, de Nevill, p. 2't7. = Ibid. ■< Ibid.
' Regist. Oseney, in Kennet's Parocli. Anliq. vol. i. p. 3.';8. ' Pages 8, 9, &c.
' !See Adingrave and Oakley.
* Will. Revel, Robert le Yonge of Nether Wynchendon, John Turnham, John Goly of Cherdesley, Hugh de North-
ampton of Crendon, John le Carpenter, and William Child, ruteA CrenAnn, Cherdcsle, a.nA Wynchendon, a\. \.\\\ny-one
marks and an half; and certified that the crops of beans, peas, barley, and oats, were deficient, by reason of the dry sum-
mer, and that here was no merchandize or cattle liable to the tax. Inquis. Nonar. p. 339. Buck.
■' Rot. Fin. 13 Edw. I. '» Ibid. 15 Edw. III. " Rot. Fin. 17 Ric. II.
" Rot. Fin. -t Hen. VI.
CRENDON WITH NOTLEY. 211
Golafre having been parties to a settlement of the estates of John Fitz-Ehas some years before, and
he died in or about 1438, his sister Maud being his heir, and the wife of Robert James, Esq. of
Boarstall, from whom that part of this property not intermediately ahenated is presumed to have
passed to the Dynhams and Dormers,' and to have been ukimately divided amongst smaller pos-
sessors.
THE VILLAGE
is about nine miles south-west of Aylesbury, ten south-east of Bicester in Oxfordshire, and
nearly two north of Thame ; is chiefly built with rough stone, and consists of irregular narrow
streets, intersecting each other on the brow of a hill.
On the verge of this parish towards the south is a narrow incommodious bridge over the
Thame, forming the approach to the town of the same name ; the northern portion of which
bridge only is in Buckinghamshire.
On Cop-Hill, near the Church, and in some closes contiguous, are many inetjualitics of ground,
indicating the demolition of buildings, and seeming to countenance the tradition that this was the
site of the Castle of the Giftlirds. Camden asserts that Hugh de Bolebec, ancestor of the Veres
Earls of Oxford, held lands here ; and others say that he " inherited Crendon and the lands of the
Giftlirds hereabouts,'^ on which he built a castle, the ruins of which are visible in the parish of
Whitchurch, near Wing," an error which betrays astonishing disregard of the situation of the
respective places : the Castle built by Hugh de Bolebec being about eight miles distant from
Crendon ; and Wing six miles further towards the north-east. Lysons says, that Crendon was
once vested in the family of Warren, but without citing his authorities.^
Manufactory of Needles. A small branch of this minute but useful manufacture has been
immemorially established here; but no authentic account has been preserved of the persons by
whom employment has been thus aftbrded to many industrious artizans, during a succession of
ages. Tradition reports the names of Greening and Norman as sharing the credit of this esta-
blishment ; which is said to have been removed hence to Redditch in Worcestershire, where it has
been successfully carried on, and to a much greater extent than at Crendon, in which it is not in a
flourishing condition. The whole of the process is completed here, and the article manufactured
is chiefly sold in the London markets.
In 1712 Long Crendon with Notley was assessed to the land tax at 306/. 18a'. 8t?.
In 177() the expense of maintaining the poor was 208/. 12*-. : in 1783 was returned at
378/. 5*. Ad. : in 1822 had increased to ^02/. \<6s.
The population in 1810 was 989, in 1821 there were 286 houses, 306 families, and 1212 inha-
bitants ; which number has since progressively and rapidly increased.''
ANCIENT CEMETERY AND ROMAN ANTiaUITIES.
Crendon Park, the only one in this county mentioned in Domesday Book,^ and other circum-
stances connected with this place, point to its remote antiquity. It seems probable that the Con-
queror's followers appropriated to themselves the seats of the Saxon chiefs, as the latter had be-
fore fixed their abode in places, at a still earlier period the residence of the aboriginal inhabitants
of distinguished rank ; and that Crendon, which became the seat of the Giftards, had been of note
' See Boarstall. ^ Magna Brit. ed. 1738, vol. i. p. 208. ^ Ibid. p. 546.
* Parochial and Diocesan Returns. ^ See p. 198.
212
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
" in the old time before them." The names of Cony-gaer, and El or Eld Burgh support this
conjecture, which is further confirmed by the discovery of an ancient cemetery at Angle-Way near
Cop-Hill, north-east of the Church, on a conspicuous eminence, and near the supposed site of
the Castle of the GifFards.
This cemetery being casually opened in 1824, on making a new road, has been since more com-
pletely explored ; and has presented some curious relics of Roman pottery, and proofs of various
modes of burial at different periods in the same spot : many skeletons being found regularly
interred, and near them abundant and satisfactory indications of cremation and urn burial ;
great quantities of ashes, scoriae and semi-vitrified masses ; together with vast numbers of
fragments of urns and other vessels, bones of large quadrupeds, and of birds, promiscuously
intermingled. It is remarkable, however, that, although no discovery has been hitherto made
of interments here, which can be certainly identified with those which are usually assigned to the
ancient Britons, the only metallic substances found amongst these deposits (besides the rings about
to be described) have been small portions of two battle-axes or heads of spears, entirely corroded,
so as even to render their shape doubtful.
The accompanying representations will convey more intelligibly than verbal description alone,
the appearance of these relics ; b)it will excite regret that so little care was taken by the discoverers
to preserve in their more perfect state these interesting memorials of ancient days.
An urn of blue clay unglazcd, ten inches and a half high, three eighths of
an inch thick, four inches in diameter at the brim, three at the bottom, and
twentv-four in circumference, has been re-composed by cementing together
more than fifty fragments, and presents the most perfect specimen dug up.
It has no ornament, except a narrow line around the lower part of the
neck, and another below the greatest rotundity, with small knobs resembling
nail-heads at regular intervals, like those which are observable in basket-
w^ork.
A small portion of another urn, of large size, shows that its diameter
at the brim was six inches, its thickness exceeding an inch, and its
height at least three feet ; having handles five inches in circumference,
conjoined to the neck and belly of the vessel, which is of coarse yellowish
ware, and after exposure to the atmosphere acquired a reddish tint. This
is quite plain, has the marks of the lathe perfect, and appears to have
been coated with varnish, or some composition, which separates from
the inner surface in thin flakes or layers. Besides ashes and portions of burnt bones, (com-
mon to all the urns, whether large or small,) and amongst which were minute parts of the bones
of some bird, were found seven rings of brass ; so much decayed that the stones set in most, if
not all of them, were corroded and destroyed. Two of them, which were compressed so as not
to form a complete circle, had portions of wire apparently attached, and might have been ear-
pendants. Those most perfect are here represented.
CRENDON WITH NOTLEY.
213
Fragments of urns, of white clay imperfectly burnt, and from which
sand, or micaceous grit, was easily detached, were likewise found. One
of them retained on the inner surface the indentations of the lingers of
the manufacturer ; but differed little in form from the lar^e urn ex-
cepting that the handles are flat.
The number of small urns was very considerable, but being broken, either wantonly or care-
lessly, by the persons who found them, could not be exactly ascertained. There were also dis-
covered eight paterae of beautiful red Samian ware, each 64 inches
in diameter, 1^ deep, having a small rim or stand : and in the middle
of the interior the stamp of the potter in raised Roman capitals,
which may be read, OF. L. Q. VIRIL. Oflicina Lucii Quinti Yirilis ;
but some of the paterae retain the form of the letters less perfectlv :
and this interpretation is not insisted upon as correct.
A small incense pot of the same fabrick, the shape of which may be described by two half
circles, the larger above the smaller, and intersecting it, was likewise found, with a circular stamp
or cypher at its bottom. This was so very light as to have been at first mistaken for wood.
A lamp, which was quite perfect, and of the same ware, is here
hown of half the size of the original.
The conspicuous elevation of the spot, its vicinity to ancient British track-ways, the neighbour-
hood of roads popularly ascribed to the Romans, and certainly formed in the course of still more
ancient lines of communication, seem to render these objects more deserving of notice than their
intrinsic beauty; and they confirm the belief that the arts and manufactures introduced into
Britain by the Roman invaders found an early imitation amongst the native inhabitants : it being
reasonable to infer, from the number and equality of the fragments discovered, that there was a
pottery near at hand.'
Crendon is only incidentally mentioned in the civil war of Charles I. a slight skirmish having
happened in December 1644, between a party of the King's troops, commanded by Colonel
Blake, Governor of Walingford, and Colonel Crawford, the Parliamentary Governor of Aylesbury,
who defeated the Royalists, near this place.
THE RECTORY, ADVOWSON, AND PERPETUAL CURACY.
This church was part of the endowment of Notley Abbey by the founders.^ Between 1159
and 1165, in the time of Robert Bishop of Lincoln and David Archdeacon of Buckingham, the
See pages 96 and 107.
Spelman's Collect. Monast, Anglic, vol. vi. p. 278.
214 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
patronage of Crendon and its chapels being disputed by the monks of Longucvillc, Pope Alex-
ander confirmed to the convent of Notley the rectory and advowson.i In 1291, Crendon, with
its chapels of Chardesley and Nether-Winchendon, was rated at 20/. per annJ No institutions
of rectors arc discovered, nor any endowment of a vicarage ; but the rectory was, by deed dated
1 Nov. 1324, (18 Edw. II.) appropriated by episcopal authority to the Abbat and Convent of Not-
ley,^ and the cure was supplied by the canons until the dissolution of their house.-^
In the reign of Edw. III. the glebe and tithe were returned at ten marks per aun.^ In the
time of King Henry VIII. the Rectory was valued at 381. per ann. a pension of 3.S. payable out of
the glebe as a quit-rent, and 10*. l\d. for procurations and synodals to the Archdeacon. In 1544
the King granted the " rectory, church, and advowson of the vicarage," inter al. to Richard
Ingram, as "parcel of the late monastery of Notley ;"^ and in an account of chief rents of the
Crown in the beginning of the reign of Edw. VI. a payment of 2/. per ann. from the parsonage of
Crendon is included.''' In 1550 the King, on the petition of Sir John Williams, Knt. of Thame,
and for 71/. fiv. Sd., granted certain lands in Crendon, late belonging to a dissolved chantry or
Suild of St. Christopher in Thame, founded by Richard Quatermaine,^ to the said Sir John Wil-
liams, habend. as of the manor of East Greenwich, by fealty in free and comii^on soccage, not in
capite.^
In 1552 the King granted to Sir Edward Bray, Knt. John Thurlowe, and John Danby, their
heirs, &c. certain lands (about eight acres) in the tenure of John Towersey, Will. Waste, Will.
Nightingale, and Tho. Appleford, and the Butts occupied by Will. Howlett, formerly given to
maintain lights, and for an anniversary ;'° and in 1591 Queen Elizabeth, at the request of Edward
Dyer, Esq. granted to Will. Tipper and Rob. Dawe, at 'ds. 4d. per ann. other lands formerly
devoted to superstitious uses." In 1G74, "the Manor, Rectory, and Parsonage" were conveyed
by Edw. Cooke, Esq. of Highnam, co. Gloucester, to James Lord Norris, Baron of Rycot,'^ from
whom '^ the same descended to Willoughby, fourth Earl of Abingdon, by whom this estate was
conveyed to George Spencer, Duke of Marlborough, K.G. and under his Grace's will, dated 3
March, 1812, "a manor, advowson, farms, and lands in Long-Crendon," passed to Lord Francis
Almaric Spencer, Baron Churchill,''' who in 1814 accepted certain lands allotted under the
Inclosure Act,'5 in lieu of his possessions here, but with reservation of manorial rights, &c.
The courts of this manor are customarily held In a large farm-house In the south-west part of
the village, to which the entrance Is under a strong gate-house of stone, of considerable antiquity.
' Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. " Taxat. P. Nicholas. ^ Regist. Tlio. Beke, Ep. Lincoln.
'' See p. 34. ^ Jnquis. Nonar. Buck. p. 339. " Rot. Pat. 36 Hen. VIII.
- Willis's MSS.
* Thomas Quatennain, of North Weston, co. Oxon, died 6 June, 131-2 (16 Edw. III.) leaving Thomas his son, (and a
daughter Maud, married to William de Bruilly, Lord of Waterstock, co. Oxon,) which Thomas died in 1396, and Richard
Quatermain, of Rycot, his descendant, the founder of the chantry, was father of the first wife of Thomas Danvers, Esq.
of Calthorpe, co. Oxon, who married, secondly, Joane, daughter of Walter Brierly, and was the ancestor of the family
of Danvers, co. Northampton. See Douton ; also, Bridges's Northamptonshire, vol. i. p. 163.
- Rot. Pat. 4 Ed. VI. Test. 7 Aug. "> lb. 6 Ed. VI. Test. 1 Sept. " lb. 34 Eliz. Test. 30 Mar.
''' Rot. Claus. 26 Car. II. " Pedigrees of Beutie, Norris, and Wili.iam.s.
" I'EDiGKEEof Spencer and Churchill. '^ Stat. 5 Geo. IV^
CRENDON WITH NOTLEY.
2U
THE PERPETUAL CURACY
stands in the King's Books at 44Z. 7s. per ann. stipend of the minister 8/.' In 1650 it was certi-
fied at 40/. per cuui. paid out of the impropriation. In 1740 the Curacy was augmented with 400/.
from Queen Anne's Bounty, 100/. given by the Rev. R. Lydall, 100/. by the Rev. R. Kent, and 200/.
by Montagu Earl of Abingdon, impropriator and patron,- which sums were laid out in hmds here.
In 1810 his Grace George Duke of Marlborough, K. G. patron, gave lands estimated at 400/., and
400/. being obtained from the Queen's Bounty, the income of the Curate was augmented to 98/.
per ann. In 1813 a further augmentation of 200/. was made by a parliamentary grant, and in
1824 Lord Francis Almaric Spencer, Baron Churchill, patron, gave 20 acres of land, part of his
allotment as impropriator;^ an addition of 78^ acres being likewise assigned in lieu of tithes of
gardens, orchards, and other old inclosures,^ so that the Curate holds about 152 acres ; ^ but,
although it was returned in 1818 that the glebe-house was, " by reason of the wretched state of
the building, unfit for the minister," this populous parish still remains (1830) destitute of the
advantage of a resident Curate.
PERPETUAL CUR.4TES.
William Walker, 1525: was one of the Monks
or Canons of Notlej'.
James Hunt, 1534.
Valentine Bownde, 1541 : Prior of Notley consent-
ing to the surrender, was pensioned. By liis will (25
Dec. 1549, proved 17 April, 1550) he directed his
burial in Crendon chancel, on the south side ; gave
\2d. to the Poor's Box; small legacies to " Margerie
Smith, his servant, Valentine Smith, his cousin, Eliza-
beth Smith, Will, and Eliz. Cannon, Agnes, Katha-
rine, and William White, Joane and Alice Baldwin,
Margery Brown, Maud Nightingale, Will. Gibbs,
Margaret and Valentine Hix, Thomas Misser, John
Lane, Edw. Page, James Parks, Sir John Rally, Sir
John Lichpool, Sir John of Brill, Sir John Ward,
Valentine Walthew, his cousin, Valentine Harris, of
Thame, Thomas and Robert Barnard, Valentine Da-
bery and Thomas Parker ; makes Thomas Cannon and
John Broughton executors and residuary legatees, and
Sir John Ward overseer."
James Chernock, 1550 : also Rector of Aston-Sand-
ford:' died in 1557.
John Trewlow, or Truelove, 1558. He is said to
have begun a Register in -1539, which is no longer to
be found: and dying in May 1364 was succeeded
Edmnnd Osborne, or Alhon, 1565, who was also
Vicar of Shabington,"^ and was buried here 7 Dec. 1611.
Francis Ley, 1612 and 1628.
IViUiam Croucher, 1650.
William Jeamson, 1656. He was of New college,
Oxford, A.M. 18 June, 1661, and in 1662 Vicar of
Shabington : and on his resignation of this Curacy was
succeeded by
Edward Goode, A.M. 1663, licensed 4 Feb. 1667:
also Curate of Chilton : » and was buried here 1 1 July,
1671.
William Yates, A.M. was licensed 14 May, 1673.
He was of Brazen-nose coll. Oxford, A.M. 16 April,
1668.
Thomas Yates, 20 April, 1680: of Brazen-nose
college, A.M. 27 May 1671.
Thomas Middleton, 24 April, 1682: of New coll.
Oxford, A.M. 14 Jan. 1670.
William Clerke, A.M. admitted 16 June, 1693: also
Vicar of Thame, '° with its dependent chapelries.
James Fiennes, A.M. 27 Mar. 1722: living here in
1729. Under the name of Fynes, he was of Magd.
coll. Oxford, A.M. 28 June, 1721; B.D. 19 Feb.
1729; D.D. 14 July, 1735.
Harry Cole, 1730: of Magdalen coll. Oxford,
A.M. 3 Feb. 1723.
' Ecton's and Bacon's Thesau. ' Deeds dated 19 Mar. 1738 and 12 Sept. 1739. Stat. 5 Geo. IV.
* Ibid. c. 6. ^ From information of the incumbent, 29 Mar. 1830. " Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. vol. xxxii. p. 63.
7 P. 47. * See Shabington. " P. 141. " See Kingsey.
•21G
ASHEXDON HUNDRED.
JfWiam Bertie, 1732 :' of Ch. Ch. Oxford, A.IM. 18
Mar. 1729; B.D. 6 Mar. 1741; D.D. 2 May, 1752.
He was succeeded by
John Newborough, A. M. of Balliol coll. Oxford,
A.M. 11 July, 1747: also Vicar of Aston-KowaiU, co.
Oxon. and in June 1761 Vicar of Thame."
JVilliam Newborough, Fellow of Pembroke college,
Oxford, and A.M. 12 April, 1781; Curate of Thame
to his father, John Newborough: died there 15 Nov.
1787, and lias a monument in Thame church.
John Holland, A.M. of Balliol college, Oxford, A.INI.
4 Dec. 1783: also Vicar of Aston-Rowant, co. Oxon,
with the Curacy of Stoken-Church annexed.
Thomas Hayton, A.M. admitted 15 Aug. 1823.
THE CHURCH,
which is dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, was buik probably in the twelfth or beginning of the thir-
teenth century ; and tradition supplies an account of subterranean communications between this
edifice and the Abbeys of Notley and Thame : eqtially impossible from the nature of the intervening
ground. The; building is situated at the eastern extremity of the village, is cruciform, with a
tower about sixty feet high, (at the intersection of the nave and chancel by the transept) with a
denii-octagon turret at its south-west angle. The nave is 78 feet long and 18 wide, the chancel 25
feet long. On the north side is a porch with stone sediles ; on the south another porch, and at
the west end a third, having a pierced cornice, ornamented with shields and corbels. The roof of
the nave and aisles leaded, the chancel tiled. The east window, which is large, is despoiled of its
tracery. At the north end of the cross aisle is an elegant window, but the arms with which it
was formerly decorated are gone.^ In the chancel are lancet-shaped windows : those in the nave
have pointed arches and mullions, and in the upper story of the tower are well proportioned
windows, and others below them, recessed; having cornices, mullions, and bracket arches-
Pedicuee of Bertie. ' See Kinosey.
Quarterly, 1 and i, Sable, a bend Or : 2 and 3, three Ermines : and below, the word Abbatis. Willis's MSS.
CRENDON WITH NOTLEY.
217
Here are eight bells, rc-cast in 1768 out of the same number which had been formed from five
belonging to the Abbey of Notley, and reputed the heaviest in the county; the old tenor weighing
40 cwt. On one of these was inscribed, " In multis annis resonat campana Johannis." '
In the south wall of the chancel is a niche for a piscina. A pierced screen of wood has been re-
cently removed from the west end of the chancel. At the termination of the cross aisle towards
the north, beneath the window, is a very low bracket arch, in which is a plain sepulchral slab. Near
the east wall were steps supposed to have belonged to an altar opposite to the end of the north aisle
of the nave, and in the latter is a lofty cinquefoil-headed niche with a square canopy, carved finial,
and pinnacles. Between the nave and aisles are two pointed arches on each side, springing from
piers and resting on quadruple clustered columns. On the south side is a fine old font, ornamented
with couchant lions at the base, and its capacious bason inclosed by square compartments decorated
with foliage. The pulpit, in the north-east angle of the nave, had formerly I Pet. ch. iv ver. 12,
painted on a pannel. At the west end of the nave is a gallery, and near the south door lately re-
mained the charity-box on a rude pedestal of wood.^ In the south aisle an elevated pew of the lay
impropriator has been replaced by a small gallery.
The south end of the transept, inclosed with a
carved screen of wainscot, contains a monument
with cumbent statues of a Knight in plate ar-
mour beneath an arch, and on a lower grade, at
his left hand, a lady richly habited. Above, is a
pediment and cornice, supported by Tuscan jiil-
lars of black marble : the recess being lined with
compartments sculptured with fliowers and em-
blems, skulls, thigh-bones, hour-glasses, &c. On
a shield, the arms of Dormer quarterly, im-
paling Gijfard of Chillington : and on a tablet
of black marble under the arch :
Here lyeth buried Sir Jhon Dormer of Dorton,
Knight, one of the Lordes of this Manor of Crendon,
and Dame Jane his wife, one of the daughters of Jhon
Gyffard of Chillington, in the County of Stafford,
Esquire, which Sir Jhon had yssue by the said Jane,
fower sonnes, Robert, Jhon, Gyfford, and William,
and two daughters, Elizabeth and Dorothye (besydes
three sones and fower daughters who dyed in their
infancye); Elizabeth married John Dynham of Borstal],
Esquire. The said Jane dyed the 9th daye of Sep-
tember 1605 ; and the said Sir Jhon dyed '
In the floor of the nave are effigies in brass of
a man in a close gown with surplice sleeves^
hair cut close, hands devoutly elevated : on his
left side a female, with a very large head dress,
her veil thrown back ; shoes sharp pointed. At
their feet, respectively, three sons and eight
daughters ; and below :
Hie jacet Joh'es Canon qui obiit ... die mensis ...
anno D'ni mill'imo cccclx et Agnes uxor que obiit xviiif
die mensis Decembris anno D'ni mill'imo cccclxviii
qu' a'i'ab's p'p'ciet' Deus.
On a slab near the west end :
Here lyeth the body of Anne Canon, who departed
this life May 5, 1728, aged 59 years.
In memory of Thomas, son of Thomas and Mary
Canon, who departed this life June 27, 1752, aged
24 years.
How short is life, see reader, here by me.
And on my tomb read my mortalitie.
When death calls, youth can pmxhas thee no time ;
For I was crept when I was in my pryme.
Live dierefore well, and thank God for thy store ;
In earth he makes away ; in heaven he gives the more.
On a lozenge ; and other slabs :
Here lyeth the body of Lucy the daughter of Wil-
liam and Elizabeth Canon, who dyed November the
4th, 1709, aged 12 years 2 moneths.
Here lyeth the body of William Thompson, who
died March the 20th, 1692, aged 17 years 2 mondis.
■ Willis's MSS. = Seep. 143.
3 Willis supplies the date of his burial 11 March 1626 from an old Register now lost, but qu. if not 1616;
in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon.
VOL. I.
2f
218
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
This loving son God did me send,
But to ine lie did but lend;
And my patience for to try
He took away 'm by and by,
But once more I hope to see
Him, to enjoy felicity.
On a plate of lead :
The burying place of Thomas Foster repaired 1747.
On a slab in the pavement of the nave, ivas :
Here lyeth the body of Frances, the daughter of
Gerrard and Frances Burnham. She dyed the 9th
August 16!)0, aged 1 year 4 months.
Beneath this stone here innocence doth lie,
A Rose just budded, blusht, and then did die ;
As if it were afraid to blow, lest sin
Should blast its spotless purity within.
On slabs in the floor of the chancel :
Here lyeth the body of Jane late wife of John Burn-
ham, jun. of this parish, Gent, by whom she had two
sons. She dyed on the 23d day of December 1685,
aged about 50 yeares. She was a dutiful daughter,
a kind sister, a loving wife, an indulgent mother, a
quiet neighbour, and a good Christian.
MOUIENDO KESURGO.
Hie situs Johannes Burnham, Gen., unus Attorn'
Cur. D'ni Regis de Banco. Obiit 19 Apr. 1724 ;
complevit annos 79, et octo menses. Vir pietate et
integritate insignis.
Here lieth the body of William Langbaine, Gen.
M^. of Artes of Magdalen Colledg, in Oxford, ye
eldest Sonne of Dr. Gerard Langbaine, sometyme
Provost of Queen's Coll. in Oxf. aforesaid, who de-
parted this life the third day of June, A". D'ni 1672,
being 24 years of age.
At the head of this stone is inlaid a blank
escutcheon of white marble.
In memory of ISIr. Ralph Stone, of this parish, and
Eliza Margaretta his wife, fourth daughter of the
Reverend John Davies, Rector of Saunderton, in this
County :
He) ,. , r Sept. 25, 1758,") f86l
Sher^"^^HMiy 26, 175i;| j eej^'^"'-^-
Also of Mr. Ralph Stone their son, who died Aug.
18th, 1776, aged 59 years.
Also of John his son, who died Aug. 11, 1760, aged
4 3'ears. Also of Anne, relict of Ralph Stone, who
died 15th of January 1818, aged 85.
In a vault underneath lie the remains of William
the son of William and Ann Stone, who died 27
March 1800, aged 14. Also Ann the wife of William
Stone, who died 29 March 1807, aged 44.
On a neat mural tablet :
Sacred to the memory of William Stone, who de-
parted this life on the 21st of February 1824, in the
70th year of his age. Also of Anne Stone Sheldon,
his granddaughter, who died in her infancy.
On a large slab within the altar rails :
In a vault beneath lie the remains of Mary Stringer,
who died 7 May 1824.'
John Ridge, of Crendon, yeoman, who died
3 Dec. 1621, a relation of the last Abbot of Not-
ley, directed his interment under a white stone
in the middle of the church, and bequeathed \2d.
to the Mother Church of Lincoln, and his lands
to William and Thomas Ridjre his kindred.-
The Register, which commences in 1G53, contains an account of the marriages of "John Par-
ker and Helen Benham, solemnized l)efore the worshipful Alexander Croke,Es(|. one of the Justices
of Peace for this county, 22 Jan. 1654 ;" and of "John Burnham and Elizabeth May, 1 June 1657,"
also before a civil Magistrate.
PAROCHIAL CHARITIES.
Sir John Dormer, Knt. by deed in the reign of King James I. gave 26/. per ann. payable out of lands in
Chillingplace, for the benefit of poor inhabitants of Crendon ; and " for repairing the south aisle of the church
In preparing tills vault a plate of lead was dug up, and part of a skeleton, supposed to have been the remains of
Bownde, tlie last Prior of Notlcy ; but his direction was, to be buried on the south side of the chancel. See p. 226. There
were also found, in 1828, some small cork balls perforated, conjectured to have been part of a rosary.
Willis's MSS.
CRENDON WITH NOTLEY.
219
and monument therein." In 1791 this bequest was returned as amounting to 30/. per ann. ; but is said to have
included 4/. per ann. towards defraying the expences of a court for the ecclesiastical manor, held every third
year ; the residue being distributed amongst poor widows.
Thomas Westbrooke, Gen. of Horsepath, co. Oxon, gave by will 15/. to be laid out by Richard Deane and
Henry Dewlinge his executors, " for some yearly relief to the poor," under the direction of Thomas Phillips,
Gen. Overseer of his will : and a rent charge of 15s. per ann. was accordingly purchased and seciu-ed by deed
dated 5 April, 10 Car. I. on "Down-lane Close, in Littlemore, co. Oxon, then in the possession of Ralfe Royle,
and formerly of Lord Viscount Wallingford.'
John Greening, sen. of Crendon, left a sum of money, with which was purchased 1/. per ann. secured by deed
dated 2'1 Car. H. to Henry Symms and other Trustees by Thomas Cannon.
Johi Harte, of Brill,' by will in 1664, bequeathed to this parish a portion of his bounty for apprenticing poor
children, which in 1791 was certified to amount to 20s. per atm. paid by Mr. Coopei'.^
In an account in 1791, of benefactions, Edward Hearne is said to contribute 10s. annually for the benefit of
the poor, being the gift of some person unknown : another benefaction of 4/. 2s. Id. per ann. paid by Mr.
Greenwood, of Easington, towards apprenticing poor boys, and 11/. 6s. 8d, paid by William Wyatt annually
to the Churchwardens for repairing the church and boundaries. '
Here is a Sunday-school established and maintained by voluntary contributions.
Baptist Meeting House. Thomas Howlett founded a place of worship for Baptists, in or about 1810, and
bequeathed 10/. per ami. to the preacher payable out of an estate of Mr. Richard Brangwin.'^
NOTLEY ABBEY and MANOR.
OCTELE, Notesley, Noteley, Nutleigh, Nutley, or St. Mary de Parco,
was founded circ. 1162, in the park belonging to the demesnes of
Crendon, in the south-eastern part of this parish, by Walter Gittard,
second Earl of Buckingham, and Ermengard his Countess, for
Monks or Canons of a reformed branch of the Augustine order esta-
blished in the diocese of Arras, in France : and the name of the
place has been supposed*' to be derived from the nut-trees abounding
in the woods surroimding the spot.
These Monks, erroneously said to have been the first of this de-
scription in England,^ were subject to very austere regulations : were
clothed in a white woollen tunic, wore no linen, abstained from meat, and observed strict silence,
excepting at their devotions, which filled up almost the whole of their time. The house was dedi-
cated to the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. John Baptist, but the latter is not mentioned in the
charter of foundation, which recites that Walter Giffard, Earl of Buckingham, and Ermengard his
wife, gave to God and St. Mary de Parco of Crendon, in perpetual alms, for the health of their
souls, and the souls of their ancestors and kindred, and of King Henry, Queen Eleanor, and their
issue, their ancestors and successors, all the land within the Earl's Park, and between the park and
the Theame stream ; a meadow for a team of oxen, Crendon mill and its appurtenances, free from
. ' In the Returns in 1786 this benefaction was mentioned as the gift of an unknown person, and vested in the
Churchwardens, vol. i. p. 59.
^ See Brill, p. 116; Chearsley, p. 126 ; and Chilton, p. 150. ' Certificate signed J. Holland, Minister.
< Paroch. Returns. -^ MS. Parochial Return. ^ Ant. k Wood's MSS.
" See Stevens's Continuation of Dugdale, vol.ii. p. 150.
2-20 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
all services, for the erection of an Abbey of Canons Regular of the order of St. Nicholas of Aroa-
sia, of Jerusalem : with an estate for its endowment situated at Hanney, in Berkshire (excepting
the fees of William Chokerel and Robert de Longueville, and a payment of 20s. to the Monks of
Longueville), the churches and tithes of Cavershara, Hanney, Risl)orough, with the lord's wood
there, called Lulleslade, for the sustenance of the monks, Chilton with Dorton, Essevendon (Ash-
endon), Hillesdon, and the tithes of the lordship, Clieseley, and the tenths of the marsh; a garden
in Crendon belonging to Robert the chaplain, pasture in the Earl's demesnes for two hundred sheep,
twelve cows, and two teams of oxen.'
Another charter, also without date, includes the consent of Hugo de Bolebec to the donation of
Hillesdon church.-
King Henry H. gave the hermitage of Finemore,^ of the fee of Roland jNIalet, with meadows,
pasture, and wood for repairing houses and fences : also fuel and pannage for swine, with free in-
gress and egress there and in the forest of Brill.'*
■ Carta Walter! GifFard, comitis Buckinghamia;, de fundatione Abbatise de Niitley, in agro Buckinghamiensi.
In nomine Patris, et Filii, et Spiritus Sancti, Amen. Walterus Gifflirde Comes Buckinghamiae, et Ermigardis Comi-
tissa uxor mea, dedimus et concessimus in perpctuam elemosinam, pro salute animarum nostrarum, antecessorum
nostrorum, et propinquorum nostrorum, et pro Domino nostro Rege Anglorum Henrico, et pro Doming nostr£i Regin^
Alianorii, el omni eorum propagine, antecessorum, et successorum, Deo et sanctae Muria; de Parclio, et Abbati et
Canonicis de Parcho ibidem Deo servientibus, totum Parchum meum de Crendon, et quicquid infra ambitum Parchi
continetur et extra inter parchum et aquam de Theame, pratum uni carucatoe bourn : et ex altera parte unam culturam
terrce a via quam dedi eis ad exitum et introitum illorum inferius usque ad pratum ; et sic ut via vadit de Crendon
apud Cherteslay, et molendinum de Crendon cum molitura totfi, et omnibus pertinentiis, liberum et absolutum ab omni
serviiio et exactione; ad construendam in honore Dei et beatissima; virginis ^fariee quandam liberam Abbaliam
Canonicoruni Regularium, secundilm ordinem et institutionem Sancti Nicolai Arroioasiae Joressendensis Ecclesise.
Et adsustentationem Canonicoruni ibidem Deoservientium, deputamuset donamus terram nostram de Hanneiam, cum
omnibus eidera terras pertinentibus, exceptis feodis Willielmi Cbokerel et Roberti de Longevile, et viginti solidatis terrae
inonachorum de Longevile ; et universas Ecclesias et deciinas quae nostra; erant donationis, necdum deputatae erant reli-
-'ioni; videlicet, Ecclesiamde Kaveresham cum suis pertinentiis; Ecclesiam de Risenberg, et decimam de dominio; Eccle-
siam de Hainea, et decimam de dominio ; Ecclesiam de Chiltune, et Capellam de Dortune ; Ecclesiam de Essevendone ;
Ecclesiam de Hildesdon, cum decima de dominio ; Ecclesiam de Cheseley cum suis pertinentiis, et decimas de niarisco.
Prffiter hoec in villa de Crendon, gardinum quod fuit Roberti capellani ; et in conununi pastura de Crendon cc oves,
et duodecim vaccas, et duas carucatas bovum ; et apud Risenbergam unam partem de bosco meo, qui dicitur
Lullestleda. Et ne ista quae diximus aliquo adversantium turbentur cursu, donationem nostram sigillorum nostrorum
impressione et subsequentium testium attestatione confirmamus. Teste Hugone de Bolebec, Galfrido Willielmi filio,
Widone de Rochfort, Will. Kalchensi, Turstano fratre ejus, Pagano de Dorton, Rogero de S'cft Fide. Rob. Novavill,
Will'mo Anglic', VValkelino de iMortuo niari, Thonia Forestario, &c. [Spelman's Collect. Rot. Cart. <) Edu-, III. no. 62.
.Monast. Anglic, n. e. vol. vi. p. 278.]
" Notimi sit omnibus, &c. Ego Walterus Giffiird, Comes Buckingham, assensu et consensu Hugonis de Bolebec,
dedi et concessi, et hac present! carta mea confirmavi, Dom. et Eccles. sanctae Mariae de Parco Crendon, et canonicis
ibidem Deo ministrantibus, pro salute animae nieae et Ermingardis Comitissae sponsae mea;, et pro animabus onmium
antecessorum et successorum nostrorum, in liberam purani et perpetuam elemosynam, Eccl. de Hillesden, cum onmibus
pertinentiis suis in bosco et in piano, in viis et semitis, in aquis et in pratis, in pasturis, in introitibus et exitibus, cum
omnibus libertatibus et liberis consuetudinibus infra villam et extra, liberam et quietam ct solutam ab omnibus exac-
tionibus et consuetudinibus et serviciis secularibus ; banc meani donationem et concessionem, sicut liberam elemosynam
meani, pracsenti scr'o ct sigilli mei appositione roboiavi et confirmavi. Testes, Hugo de Bolebec, Gaufr. HI' Willielmi,
Guido dc Rocheford, Osvvell Calceus, Turstanus frater ejus, Paganus de Dorton, Rogerus de S'ca Fide, Bernardus de
Hor«ad, Galfr. de Blevill, WilPmus CockeriU, Rob'tus de BouviU.Will's Anglic", Adam fil. Rad'i, Radulfus fil. Eustach.
Tho. Forestarius. [Wood's MS.S. vol. xxxii. p. 62, in Mus. Ashmol. Oxon. See also Willis's Buckingham Hd. p. 192.]
^ Not Finmere, co. Oxon, but a retired spot amongst the Woods between Grendon, Claydon, and Shipton-Lee.
■" Ilenricus Rex Anglia; et Dux Norm, ct Aquit. et Conies Andeg. Archiepiscopis, &c. Sciatis me concessisse ac
l)racsenti carta coiilirmasse ecclesiEe S. Maria; de Parco Crendon, et canonicis ibidem Deo servientibus, hacremitorium
NOTLEY. 221
The King also confirmed the benefactions of the founders, and in the recital are divers gifts
not contained in the former charter : such as " the whole wyke of Crendon, with the men there
and their lands, the chapel of St. Mary, annexed to the church of Caversham, the church of Stoke
with Hardwicke chapel, co. Oxon : Bodyngcsham (Bottisham) church in Cambridgeshire, Sher-
ringham, Banham, and Wyleby, land in Wyttenham, which Walter Giftard had given to Adam a
clerk, for his services, the site of a kitchen, where formerly the Earl's hounds were kept, in Cren-
don, and for which the canons had previously received half a mark, jjer cnin.'" Crendon Grange,
for which the Priory of Longueville paid lid. per aim. the grant of wood from Lullested for fuel
being renewed.'
In the reign of Richard I. circ. 1195, Hugh Hodenach (or qu. Radnage?) confirmed the gift of a
virgate of land in Hillesdon, which his father had granted for the site of a chapel. ^
King John, by a charter of Inspeximus (dated 19 Apl. 1 Joh.), confirmed former donations, ex-
empted the Canons and their free tenants from payments to the county and hundred courts, aids,
danegeld, murage, fossage, pontage, wards, &c., tolls in all nrarkets throughout the realm, and all
pleas, excepting of murder and felony : granting permission for them to employ constantly two
carts for the free conveyance of wood from Bernwode forest, from Easter to All Saints-day (ex-
de Finemere quod est de feodo Ruelandi Maleth de Quentone, totum integrfe cum pratis et pasturis, et omnibus aliis
pertinentiis suis iiitVa boscum et extra : et in bosco quod opus habent prasdicti cauonici ad emendationcm doniorum
et sepium de Finemere, et quod opus est ad fualium suum et pannagium poixorum suoruni, per omnia quietum.
Prohibemus etiam ne quis forestariorum molestiam faciat praedictis canonicis super prajmissis vel animalibus suis in
foresta. nutritis aut nutriendis, seu pascendis, molestiam inferat, aut gravamen seu impedimentum in forestam de Bru-
hull introeundi vel exeundi, aut ab aliquo alio permittat inferri. Prohib. autem et firniiter prsecip. ne quis eis vel
hominibus suis super hiis quae concessi eis, et hac carta meS, confirraavi, aliquam injuriam vel contumeliara aut gravamen
facere prssumat, super vit^ et membris. Hiis testibus, Radulpho de Glanvill, Ilugone de Cressy, Gileberto Pipard,
Willielmo de Gerpounvill : apud Bruhull. Uot. Cart. 2 Edw. III. m. 16, n. 55 per Inspexim. iNIon. Anglic, vol. vi.
p. 278.
' Henricus, &c. Sciatis me concessisse, et prassenti cart^ confirm^sse, Eccles. S. Mar. de Parcho Crendon, et Abbati
et Canonicis ibidem Deo et S. Marias servientibus, quicquid venerabilis Comes Walt. Giffard, et Ermengard Comitissa
sponsa sua, eis in puram elemosinam dederunt, et carta su^ eis confirniaverunt ; videlicet, Parcum Crandon et quicquid
infra ambitum Parchi continetur et extra : et totam Wykam cum hominibus et cum illorum lenurd et omnia quce continentur
infra duos rivulos usque ad aquam de Theame, et sursum sic ut via vadit de Crandone apud Cherdesleam, cum terris et
pratis et omnibus aliis rebus : totam villam de Wynchedone cum omnibus pert, suis, niolendinum de Crandone cum totfl.
nioliturS. et omnibus pertinentiis suis, et ca;tera onmia quae praefatus Comes et Comitissa dederunt ad praefatam Abba-
ciam construendam, viz. eccles. de Crandone cum decim. de dominio et cum capella de Wynchendoni et cum capel.
de Cherdesle, et aliis pertin. suis : eccles, de Caveresham, cum capella beatae Mariae et cura omnibus aliis pert, suis :
eccles. de Risemberge cum decimis de domin. et aliis pert, suis : eccles. de Chilton, capella de Dortune et aliis pert.
suis : eccl. de Essendon cum pert, suis : eccles. de Hildesdone cum decim. de dominio, et aliis pert, suis : eccles. de
Stokes, cum decim. de domin. et cum capella de Herdewyke et aliis pertin. suis : eccles. de Bradeley, cum capcl. dc
Hornyngeshani, et cum decim. de dominio et al. pert, suis : eccles. de Bodyngesham cum pert, suis : eccles, de Siryng-
lieham cum decima de dominio et al. pertin. suis : eccles. de Banham cum pert, suis : eccles. de Wyleby cum pert-
suis : eccles. de Cheseley cum pert suis : decimas de marisco de dominiis prasfati comitis. Et preter haec, terram de
Wyttenham, quam idem comes dedit Adae clerico pro servicio suo, unde praefati canonici recipiunt dimidiam marcam
singulis annis : et in villa de Crandone gardinum quod fuit Roberti capellani, et sedem coquinae, ubi postea jacebant
canes comitis: et sedem grangiae unde monachi de Longavilla reddebant annuatim xii denarios : et quicquid infra
clausum curite praedicti Roberti continetur : et in dominica pastura de Crandone cc oves, et xii vaccas, et ii carucatas
bourn: et apud Rysemberge unam partem de bosco SEBpedicti comitis qui dicitur Lullested, sicut carta ejusdem distin-
guit : et in dominico bosco comitis unam bigam assidufe euntem et reddeunteni pro bosco ad coquinam suam. Quare
vol. &c. Test. Rand, de Glanvill, Hug. de Cressi, Gileb. Pipard, Willielmus de Gerpenvill : apud Wudestoke. Monast.
Anglic, vol. vi. p. 278, ex Collect. Hen. Spelman, et Cart. 2 Edw. HI. va. 16. per Inspexim.
^ See Hillesdon.
222 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
cepting fifteen days before the feast of St. John Baptist, and fifteen days after,) and exempting the
monastery from being impleaded in respect to their knds or tenements, unless before the King or
his Chief Justice. '
The donation of the church of Maiden-Bradley, in Wiltshire, by Walter Giffard, was confirmed
by Josceline de Bailul, Bishop of Salisbury, before 118^;^ and it was provided that the Lepers'
Hospital there, should not prejudice the rights of the mother church. ^
' Johannes Dei Gratia, &c. Sciatis nos concessisse, &c. (as in the Charter of King Henry ; and then adding J
Et quoniam bonae memoriae Rex H. pater noster eosdem canonicos et eorum res et possessiones universas de nianu
scepedicti comitis in manum, protectionem, et custodiam suam specialiter regendas suscepit, sicut eos dominicos
canonicos ; idcirco vokmius et firmiter pra;cipimus, ut ipsi et terrae sua; et libere tenentes eorum sint quieti et soluti
».t liberi de Siris et Hundredis, et de sectis sirarum et liundredorum ; de auxiliis, et assisis, et de geldo, et danegeldo,
de donis et scotis, de operationibus castellorum, domorum, murorum, vivariorum, fossarum, et pontium, et de omni
opere et summagiis, et caricagiis ; de ivardpeni, et averdpeni, et hundredespeni, et thethigpeni.
Volumus etiam et concedimus, ut ipsi sint quieti in nundinis et mercatis, per totam terram nostram et per aquam, de
thelonio, et pontagio, et passagio, et de omnibus placitis, et quereiis, et occasionibus, excepto murdro, el latrocinio
probato. Concessimus etiam eisdem canonicis duas bigas singub's annis euntes et redeuntes in forest^ de Brenwud, pro
bosco ad focum eorum, per visum forestariorum, a Pasch^ usque ad festum omnium Sanctorum, exceptis xv diebus
ante festum St. Job. Bapt. et quindecim post. Prohibemus etiam ne idem canonici ponantur in plc.cito de terris vel
tenementis suis, nisi coram nobis vel capitali justiciario nostro. Prohibemus etiam et firmiter pra;cipimus ne quis eis vel
hominibus suis, super hiis quae eis concessimus et hac cartil nostr^ confirmavimus, aliquam injuriam vel contumeliam
vel gravamen faciat vel fieri perniittat, super forisfacturam decim librarum, sicut carta H. regis p:itris nostri rationabiliter
testatur. Testibus, W. Lond. E Elyen. H. Sar. episc. R. com. Leic. Will. Maresc. &c. Gaufrido fib"o Petri, &c. Dat.
per manum H Cant, archiep. cane nostii apud Westm. xix die Aprilis, anno regni nostri prime. Dug. Monast. vol. vi.
p. 279 ex Rot. Cart. 1 Joh. p. 2. n. 123. Dodsworth's MSS. vol. xxv. p. 7.
5 Le Neve's Fasti, p. 257.
^ Universis, &c. Jocelinus Dei gratia Sarum Episcopus, salutem, &c. Noverit, &c. nos intuitu caritatis et religionis,
ad praesentationem venerabilis Walter! GifFard Comitis de Buckingham, concessisse, &c. Canonicis regularibus de Parco
su|)er Tlianiam, ecclesiam de Bradeleie, cum decimjl de doniinio et omnibus pertinentiis suis, tarn in terris et decimis,
qukm in cajteris obventionibus, sicut carta domini Regis et carta praedicti comitis testantur, quas manibus contracta-
vimus et oculis inspeximus. Statuentes, ut iidem canonici ecclesiam illam habeant et possideant ita integrfe, &c. sicut
aliquis earn tempore aliquo melius et plenitis possedit, et sicut personae et domini habeant illius ecclesiae plenam et
liberam et expeditam administrationem ; ita quideni ut canonicus sacerdos de congregatione illorum, sicut eis k sede
apostolicl constat esse indultuni, in pracfat^ ecclesift. ministret, et curam habeat animarum, salvis in omnibus episco-
palibus consuetudinibus, &c. Monast. Anglic, ex Rotulo penfes Dec. et Canonicos JEtii Christi, Oxon.
Universis, &c Robertus miseratione divinS Sarum ecclesia; minister humilis, salutem, &c. Literas bonae meniorias
Jocelini quondam Sarisburiensis episcopi, praedecessoris nostri, &c. inspeximus, quarum tenor talis est. Onmi-
bus, &c. Jocelinus, &c. salutem in Domino. Univcrsitatem vestram scire volumus, quod ciim ad capellam leprosa-
rum mulierum de BradeleiA dedicanduni descenderimus, ne quid in injuriam vel detrimentum matricis ecclesias de
Bradleift per nos ageretur, priusquam capellam illam dedicaremus ; seu leprosas ipsas ad locum ilium reciperemus ;
Humfridus de Bradele tunc seneschallus Manserii Biset, domini ejusdem villae, et alii liberi homines de Bradeley, ex
parte Manserii Biset, qui villam menioratam leprosis contulit ; et etiam ex parte leprosarum, in prae^entii nostra,
juraverunt, quid ecclesia Onmium Sanctorum de Bradeley in nullis quae priiis habuerat, aut in posterum habere deberet,
sive de assartis, sive de aliis novalibus, aut obventionibus ad illam spectantibus, per antedictam capellam, vel leprosas,
aut illorum procuratores, dampnum aliquod sive diminutionem pateretur ; qubd, ne in posterum possit deduci in
dubium, prisenti scripto sigillo nostro roborato testificemur. Quia vero sigillum ejusdem pra;decessoris nostri ipsis
literis appensum, pro nimia vetustate incipiebat in ])arte consumi ; ex parte dilectorum filiorum religiosorum virorum
Abbatis et conventus de Notteie, fuit nobis humiliter supplicatum, quod literas ipsas innovari, et sub sigillo nostro
cxemplari faceremus ; quorum precibus annuentes, has literas nostras sibi fieri fecimus patentes, quibus sigillum nostrum
apponi fecimus ad nien.oriam futurorum. Nolumus tamen, quod per innovationem hujusmodi aliquid juris in hiis qua; in
dictis literis continetur ipsis accrescat ultra quod bcneficio eorundem eis adquisitum est in prsesenti. Datum apud
Wodeford v Idus Jan. Pontificatus nost. an. primo. lb. vol. vi. p. 279, ex Lit. Jocelini Ep. Sarum, penes Dec. et Can.
-Ed. Christi, Oxon.
NOTLEY. 223
In 1203, Walter de Cherdesley and Eutichia his wife gave lands in Nether Winchendon.'
In 1225 (10 Hen. III.) Pope Honorius confirmed the donation of the churches of Chilton, Ris-
borough, and Caversham.^
In 1233, Hugh Wake gave one moiety of the manor of Nether Winchendon.^
In 1237, Geoffrey de Lucy, with consent of Alianore his wife, and of his heirs, gave a meadow
near Crendon Park:'' and Richard Bigod, Earl of Norfolk, who married Maud, eldest daughter of
W^illiam Mareschal, Earl of Pembroke, granted to the Canons pannage for forty hogs, in his
woods of Merston, co. Oxon.^
In 1241, Gilbert Earl of Pembroke, " for the health of the soul of himself and Margaret his wife,"
gave the tithes of his fishery and mills at Caversham.^
In 1249, the King commanded Geoffrey de Langley, Justiciar of his Forests, to permit the Abbat
and Canons of Notley to employ two carts constantly in the conveyance of wood for fuel, out of the
forest of Bernwode, according to ancient custom.''
William de Simelc, with the consent of Jordan de Humez his brother, confirmed the gift of Ris-
borough, with the advowson of the church.^
William INIareschal, Earl of Pembroke, confirmed the gift of Isabell his mother, of lands in
Crendon to Will, le Tai/loiir, which was renewed by Richard Mareschal. Lord of Longueville and
Crendon, by deed without date, witnessed by OHver de Daynan, Robert de Valoines, John Morell,
Geoffrey de Lucy, and others : and William Clssor the grantee, gave to Notley Abbey a virgate of
land in Crendon, with a messuage and croft, in which he had been enfeoffed by his lord, Richard
Marcshal, " for the health of the soul of the Lady Isabell, late Countess of Pembroke, and in me-
mory of her," &c.
Constance, daughter of Hugh de Bolebec, wife of Elias de Beauchamp, with her husband's con-
sent, gave a croft in Hillesden, formerly held by Thorokl, making an oblation thereof on the altar
in Hillesden church.^
Pagan de Dourton confirmed the donation of Dorton chapel, and half a yard land there. Hugh
de Cressy, John de Nereford, John de Carswell, Thomas de Valoignes, Ralph de Bucktot, and Wil-
liam son of Thomas de Bucktot, Richard le Knight of Dorton, and Wahcr de Burgh, were respec-
tively benefactors. Richard de Arcubus of Eythrope, released to the Convent lands held of him in
Ashendon :io and Geoffrey de St. Martin gave lands in Easington.'' Nicholas Pointz gave his chapel
of Swell in Gloucestershire, which Hugh his son confirmed. '^ Agnes de Humez, daughter of Wil-
liam de Humez, and wife of Baldwin Wake, was also a benefactor, Claricia, daughter of Gilbert
de Creendon, for her own souls sake, and the soul o/Peter Morell her husband, and John their son,
gave lands to Notley ; and John Morell and Alice his wife confirmed the gift of a virgate of land,
bestowed by his mother Claricia, which was further confirmed by another John Morell and Claricia
his wife ; and Dionysia, daughter of Andrew de Crendon,'^ gave all her messuages in the lordship
■ Rot. Fin. 5 Joh. ' Willis's MSS. vol. 38. ^ Rot. Fin. 18 Hen. III.
* Totum pratum quod habui juxta parcum ipsorum. Test. D'no Hamone de S'c^ Fide ; W. de Greinvill, &c. Dat.
22Hen.fil. Reg.Joh'is.
5 MSS. Dugdale, vol. 74. in Mus. Ashraol. Oxon. « Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 60. Kennefs Antiq. vol. i. p. 320.
7 Rot. Claus. 34 Hen. HI.
8 Will's de Siniilli, assensu et voluntate Jordan! de Humez, fratris, Abbatliise de Parco Crendon et Canonicis, &c.
Test. Jordano de Humez, fratre meo, VVill'mo de Neville, senescallo raeo, Rogero de Mortuo Mari,Will. de Cordunvilla,
Waltero filio Radulphi. Dugd. MSS. vol. 39. p. 72.
9 Kennefs Paroch. Antiq. vol. i. p. 216. Willis's Buck. p. 192. '° Page 23. " Page 151.
" Willis's MSS. vol. iv. '^ See page 210.
224 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
called the Wyke} The donation of half a hide of land in Crendon, by Sir Eustace de Grein-
villc, ' the gift of "NVilliam de Greinville, confirmed by Henry de Greinville, of Chilton, his
son and heir : and many others of the same family have been already described.^ Robert le
Dospencer gave lands to this Abbey by deed dated 19 Edw. I. John de Lawbel (qu. Sewell r)
of Nether Winchcndon, confirmed to Sir Walkelin de Arderne, lands there, which Agnes Wake
had given to Notley : and King Edward I. confirmed all preceding charters, and declared
the Abbey mider his especial protection.* Reginald, son of Alexander de Hampden, confirmed
the gift of John de Grenville, his maternal grandfather.^ Roger de St. Faith gave a virgate
of land in Chilton to Sewal his son, who bestowed it upon this Abbey, and it was confirmed by
Hamon de St. Faith, nephew of Sewal. Walter de St. Faith and Isabel his wife also gave two acres
in Chilton.*' King Richard H. confirmed by charter all the possessions, privileges, and immunities
of the Convent."
At the accession of Edward IV. the Priory of Chetwode being decayed, and insufficient to sup-
port a separate establishment, its possessions were annexed to Notley by a charter.**
The possessions of" Nottely" were also specially exempted from the effect of the Act passed in
the same reign, for the resumption of Crown grants made by Henry VI.^
' The deed is without date : but witnessed by Hamon de St. Faith, Geoffrey de St. Martin. Henry de St. Andrew,
William de Pinkeny, Gerard de Greinville, William his son, John de Knight, of Chearsley, and others.
^ See WoTTON. ^ Pages 134, 135. ■• Stevens's Dugdale, vol. ii. p. 70. "^ See Chilton, p. 135.
^ Ibid. " Dodsworth's MSS. vol. SI. f. 151.6. Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. ii. p. ISl.
" Rex omnibus ad quos, &c. salutem. Sciatis quod ciim Willielmus Abbas de Notteley in com. Bucks, et ejusdem
loci Conventus, seisiti existant in dominico suo, ut de feodo, in jure Abbati;c suae predictoe, de situ prioratus, et de prio-
ratu de Chetwode in comitatu praedicto ; et de omnibus maneriis, terris, tcneraentis, redditibus, serviciis, pratis, pascuis,
pasturis, boscis, mariscis, parcis, warennis, chaceis, et piscariis, tam in dicto comitatu Bucks qukni in com. Oxon , nuptr
parcellam priorattis prsedicti, aut eidem prioratui spectantibus, sive pertinentibus ; cum feodis niilituni, advocationibus
ecclesiarum et capellarum, wardis, maritagiis, releviis, heriettis, escaetis, reversionibus, vis. franciplegii, curiis letis, hun-
dredis, wapentachiis, decimis, oblacionibus, obventionibus, annuitatibus, pensionibus, porcionibus,proficuis, emoiumentis,
et commoditatibus, libertatibus, franchesiis, et quibuscumque eidem prioratui, et caeteris praemissis, vel alicui pareellis
eorundem spectantibus sive pertinentibus. Nos de gratis nostril speciali, et ad effectum qu5d pra-dicti Abbas et Conven-
tus et successores sui divinis serviciis in abbatia prasdictfl. eb quietius intendere valeant, et ]iro salubri statu nostro duiu
vixerinuis, et pro animfl nostra et aniniabus progenitorum et antecessorum nostrorum cilm ab hac luce migraverinius,
specialiiis deprccemur, quo ipsi in possessionibus suis praedictis per nos firmiores et stabiliores efficiantur ; jus, titulum,
statum, et possessionem eorundem Abbatis et Conventus, de et in situ prioratus, prioratu, maneriis, dominiis, terris, tene-
nientis, redditibus, et serviciis prcedictis, et caeteris prajmissis, eisdem Abbati et Conventui et successoribus suis approbavi-
mus, et ratificamus, et confirmamus. Et ulterius, de uberiori gratia nostra, concedimus eisdem Abbati et Conventui
situm prioratds et prioratum praedictum, ac omnia maneria, dominia, terras, tenementa, redditus, reversiones, et servicia
pra-dicta, et castera praemissa cum pertinentiis. Habenda et tenenda eisdem Abbati et Conventui et successoribus suis, in
liberam, puram, et perpetuam elemosinam iraperpetuvira, un^ cum feodis militum, advocationibus ecclesiarum et capel-
larum ; parcis, vvarrennis, chaceis, piscariis, wardiis, maritagiis, releviis, heriettis, escaetis, vis. francipleg., cur. letis, hun-
dredis, wapentachiis, decimis, oblationibus, obventionibus, annuitatibus, pensionibus, porcionibus, proficuis, emoiumen-
tis, et commoditatibus ac libertatibus, et franchesiis quibuscumque eidem prioratui et tenementis praemissis, vel alicui
parcellae eorundem spectantibus sive pertinentibus, vel ab antiquo pertinere seu spectare debentibus : eb quod aliqua in-
quisitio de aliquo titulo inde ad nos competenter capto, seu in cancellaria nostra aut in scaccariuin nostrum rctornato,
existit, vel non existit ; eb qubd expressa mencio de certitudine et quantitate maneriorum, dominiorum, terrarum, (S.c. ;
nee de vero valore eorundem, aut alicujus parcelli eoruni ; nee de aliis donis et concessionibus, per nos vel progenitores
nostros prafatis Abbati et Conventui seu praedecessoribus suis ante ha;c tempora factis, in praesentibus minim^ ftictis, ex-
istit, juxta formam statutorum in hujusmodi casu editorum, aut alia aliqua ordinatione, re, causa, vel materia quacumque
in aliquo non obstante. In cujus, iSrc. Teste meipso apud Wesimonasterium decimo die Julii. — Rot. Pat. 1 Edw. IV.
p. 5. m. 23. Monast. Angl. vol. vi. pp. ^OO, 500.
'' Rot. Pari. 1 Edw. \\ . m. 6. vol. v. p. 169.
NOTLEY ABBEY. 225
The names of other benefactors are preserved in numerous charters in the archives at Christ
Church, the Bodleian Library, and Ashmolean Collection in Oxford, to which references are made
in the Monasticon.'
The patronage or advowson of Notley, and the gift of the pastoral staff, were granted by King
John to William Mareschal, Earl of Pembroke, who had become possessed of the lands of the Gif-
fards i^ and these privileges were enjoyed by his descendants ; and by Roger jMortimer, Earl Mares-
chal, in 132!) ; 3 by Ralph Earl of Stafford and Margaret his wife, heir of Hugh de Audeley, Earl of
Gloucester, in 1372 ;4 by Aleanorc, wife of Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester, as heiress
of the Bohuns, in 1399; and descended to her heirs -.^ and a quit rent o?6s. Sd.per ami. was paid out
of the church of Notley to Sir Gilbert Talbot, Knt.<^
ABBATS OF NOTLEY.
OsBERT, appointed by the Founder. the Church of Bodegesltam: together with a Charter
Robert, 1189: died 1203. of King Henry confirming the former donation: and
Edward, 1203; occurs in 1221. In 1213, daring another confirmation Charter of King John, then
bis Abbacy, a dispute having arisen with Richard Earl reigning, and a confirmation by " the blessed Thomas
of Clare respecting the right of presentation to the the Martyr, formerly Archbishop of Canterbury^' of all
Church of Bottisham, in Cambridgeshire, the Earl was the possessions and churches bestowed on the Convent
summoned to show cause why he did not permit the by Walter Giffard, and Ermengard," &c. and the
Abbat to present to that Church ; and the Abbat pro- right of the Abbey was established.*"
duced a Charter of Walter Giffard, and Ermengard John occurs in 1234, resigned and was succeeded by
his wife, (ancestors of the Earl of Clare,) by which he Henry de Saint Faith, elected 1236, with the con-
gave to God and the Church of St. Mary of Cren- sent of the Earl of Pembroke, patron,
don, and the Abbat and Canons there, &c. inter alia
' See Harleian MSS. 20«, f. 7. Dodsworth's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. vol. 110, f. 108. Glover's MSS. Original Charters
inter MSS. Wood, 1695. Collect, ex Regist. de Noteley, ib. Dugdale's MSS. vol. 39, f. 68. Ashmole'.s MSS. 844. 4-.
846. 17. Wood, vol. 32. f. 58. Regist. Joh. Buckingham Ep. Line. f. 113. de appropriatione Eccl. de Lillingston, co.
Hunt. Cart. Antiq. D. n. 44. E. n. 62. Cart. 1 Joh. p. 2. m. 13. n. 86. Cart. Norman. 2 Joh. n. 118. Rot. Glaus. 12
Hen. III. m. 4. 10. pro focalibus in Foresta de Bernwood. Ib. 14 Hen. III. m. 13. d. Rot. Pat. 53 Hen. III. n. 35. Pla-
cit. in com. Lincoln. 9 Edw. I. Quo Warr. ro. 2. d. pro Mo. de Stagerthorp ex donatione Walteri de Burgo. Placit. in
com. Wilt. 9 Edw. I. assis. rot. 52. d. pro Mo. de Deverel-Kingston. Placit. in com. Berk. 12 Edw. 1. assis. Rot. 19 de
libert. de We.st-Whytenham. Pat. 19 Edw. I. 4 Edw. II. m. 9. de mess, in London. Cart. 6 Edw. II. n. 23. Placit.
apud TurrimLond. Pat. 14 Edw. II. p. 2. m. 1. pro tenement, in Bread-street and Friday-street, Lond. Claus. 18
Edw. II. m. 28. pro decimis Parci in Riseberg. Pat. 18 Edw. II. p. 2. m. 17. Claus. 3 Edw. III. m. 30. de patronatu
AbbatisB. Claus. 6 Edw. III. m. 39. in Beckingham, Thregelthorp, &c. co. Line. Pat. 21 Edw. 111. p. 2. m. pro ii.carac.
bosci mortui singul. diebus ex forssta de Bernwood. Pat. 28 Edw. III. p. 1. m. 23. pro eccles. de Lillingston appropri-
anda. Pat, 31 Edw. III. p. 1. m. 5. Pat. 38 Edw.IlL p. ] . m 38. Pat. 39 Edw. III. p. 2. m. 21. Pat. 50 Edw. III. p.
1. m. 2. de capella S. Annae in Caversham, Oxon. Pat. 16 Ric. II. p. 1. m. 35, de mess, et terris in Nether-Winchendon.
Pat. 22 Ric. II. p. 1. m. 32. Tanner in Monast. Anglic, vol. vi. p. 277. Also, Taxat. P. Nic. 4. Rot. Hund. vol. i.
pp. 23, 24,29, 42, 329, 386. vol. ii. pp. 816, 834. Placit. Quo War. pp. 82, 89, 18], 392, 454. Abbrev. Placit. pp.
37, 92. Monast. Anglic, vol. vi. p. 277.
In the Lord Treasurer's Remembrancer's Office are a certificate dated 22 Ed. III. and an agreement with the Barons
of the Exchequer, that the Abbat should pay \0s. per ann. to the King. Rot. Pat. 22 Hen. VI. r. 1.
■' Johannes Dei gratia, iSrc. Sciatis nos propter amorem quain erga dilectum et fidelem nostrum 'Willielmum Mares-
callum Com. de Pembroc habuimus, et propter bonum et fidele servicium quod ipse nobis fecit, dedisse et concessisse,
et h^c carta, nostra confirmasse ei et hasredibus suis donationem baculi pastoralis pertinentibus. Test. R, com. Mellent.
R. com. Cestr. R. com. Leic. Dat. per manum S. Wellen. Archid. apud Regulam xvi die Aug. an. reg. nost secundo
Monast. Anglic, vol. vi.p. 279, ex Rot. Cart. 2 Joh. n. 18.
3 Esc. 3 Edw. III. no. 65. Cal. vol. ii. p. 291. ■> Kennefs Paroch. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 171.
5 Esc. Cal. vol. iii. p. 264. <= Ib. p. 252.
' Thomas k Becket. * Placit. 15 Joh.ro, 17. Abbrev. p. 92.
VOL. I. 2 G
226
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
John Grendon, or de Crendon, 1252, with license of
Simon de Montfort, patron. He was summoned to
Parliament in 1263, (49 Hen. HI.) as a mitred Abbat.
John de Gloucester, elected in 1268.
Richard de Dorchester, elected 4 Nov. 1269.
Henry, the PMjsician, elected 1272. In his time
the possessions of the Abbey in Bucks were estimated
at 211. per aim.'
IVilliam de Sheringham, or Sherincjton, 1298. He
died circ. 1309.'
John de Thame, elected 2 Mar. 1309.'
Richard de Crendon, 1329, 1339, and 13.57.
John de Winchendon, who had been Sub-Prior, 1367
and 1376.
John de Cherdesle, died in 1389.
Nicholas Amcotes, 1390 and 1395.
Thomas, 1397.-'
William, 1400.
Nicholas Redding, 1417.
William Staunton, 1456 and 1479, is called by Wil-
lis the eighteenth Abbat.
Peter Caversham, 1480: was collated, 20 June, 1502,
with Papal dispensation, to the Prebend of Asgarby,
in Lincoln Cathedral, and on his resignation
Richard Petyrton, Prior of Bicester, was elected
21 Nov. 1503, and died in 1513.
John Merston, chosen 9 April, 1513: resigned, and
was succeeded by
Robert Price, another Prior of Bicester, 18 May,
1528, and confirmed by the King 12 Oct.* but
John Merston is said to have been re-elected in 1529,
or soon afterwards; and was succeeded by
Richard Ridge, in 1532 or 1533. He attended a
Convocation at St. Paul's, London, 5 April, 1533,
and was proxy for ten other Abbats and Priors. In
1536 he consented to the Articles of Religion agreed
upon by the Clergy and confirmed by the King's au-
thority: and 6 Sept. 1537, with John de Thame, and
sixteen others belonging to his Abbey, subscribed to
an acknowledgment of the King's supremacy; and
concurred so readily with the measures of the Court,
that he continued Abbat until the dissolution, and
then, with the rest of the Monks remaining there, sur-
rendered the Abbey to the King 9 Dec. 1539, retiring
upon a pension of 100/. per ann. as did the Brethren
on small allowances ; as follows :
Valentine Bovende, or Bound, Prior, 6/. 13s. 4(f. ;
John King, Sub-Prior, GL; *Thomas Webb, 6/.; WIU.
Walker, *Will. Ball, John Pool, Will. Okeley, John
Lichepole, *James Alborough, Will. Catesby, *John
Timmes, * John Wheeler, *John Smith, *Rich Barker,
*Rob. Goodey, 5/. 6.s. %d. each.
There is some discrepancy respecting the number of
Monks present : however, thirteen besides the Abbat
signed the instrument, sixteen had pensions, and the
conduct of Ridge was so much approved, tliat the fol-
lowing letter was addressed to the Commissioners by
Thomas Lord Cromwell:
" After my hearty commendations, these be the
names of the Abbott, Prior, and Convent, which lately
surrendered their house and monastery into the King's
Highnesse's hands, for whom his Grace's pleasure is ye
shall make such sufficient capacity, in due form, after
the accustomed manner, with dispensation to have
one benefice with Cure, and the same to deliver,
without any money or fee. Thus fare ye well. From
London, 21 day of January, 1539." Then follow the
names as before : signed, " Thomas Cromwell."'^ The
' In the Deanery of Wottesdon and Archdeaconry of Bucks : The Abbat of Nottele in Crendon, in lands, rents, and
meadow 4/. 6s. Sd. Herbage, sheep, and cattle 1/, \Qs. Sd. In Chilton, lands, meadows, and rents 67. Os. 2ld. ; herbage
ll.Vis.4:d. VVotton rents 17a-. In Essendon 15^. Netlier-Winchendon 2/. lis. 6^/ ; products 2Z. Cherdesle, rents and
services by bondsmen \\s. Claydon and Finnicr 10s. 6d. Total 21/. Is. IQirf.
In the Deanery of Wendover : Risborough Y2s.9d. Aylesbury rents 2s.
In the Deanery of Wycombe 5s. S(/.
In the Deanery of Buckingham : Preston 20s. Ilillesdon lands, rents, &c. 2/. ,'js, 5d. Products 1/. 13s. 4r/.
Taxnt. P. Nic/i. If. pp. 46, 47.
' Tanner's IMSS.
3 Willis describes a " brass seal, supposed to belong to tills Abbat, found by the tenant of the site of the Abbey in
1726, with the figure of the Virgin and divine Infant, crowned and enthroned; a mitred Abbat kneeling before them
with liis crozier in his hand, and on the margin of the seal, " involvens pannis xp'm memor esto johannis." No
recollection or tradition of this discovery is preserved by the family of Reynolds, then tenants, and since proprietors
of Notley ; but it is remarkable that a seal minutely answering the description by Browne Willis is engraved in the
Gent. Mag. for 1791, vol. lxi. pt. iii. p. 1 177, and again, with some small variation, in 1806, vol. lxxvi. pt. i. p. 209, in
which latter place is an account, under signature P. D. S. of its having been then lately found in Clifford Moor, near
Tadcastcr.
^ Rymer's Feed. ■> Willis's MSS. ^ Ibid.
NOTLEY ABBEY.
Abbat enjoyed his pension until his death ' in 1583,
when annuities amounting to 13/. 13s. id. remained in
charge, and the pensions of those Monks against whose
names an asterisk is affixed in the preceding list,
possessions
The
of tlie Abbey at its dissolution amounted to
493/. 18s. lOd. or 43T/. 7s. Ud. clear annual income.--
Hi
1, dated 1557, directs his interment in Cholsey chancel, co. Berks. Willis's MSS.
" The Roll of 28 Hen. VIII. in the Augmentation Office,
thus describes the lands, &c. of Notley.
Winchendon Inferior, rents of free and cus-
tomary tenants - . . -
Rents of tenants at will
Fines . - . - -
Customs -----
Rents of moveables - . - -
Farm of the manor - - - -
Farm of New Close - - - -
Farm of the Rectory
Cleydon, Rents of messuages and tenements
Lands in Grendon-Underwood
Quaynton - - - -
Godyngton (Oxon) - - - -
Ocley and Brill - . - ..
Wotton-Underwood ...
Farm of the Manor of Crendon and of the
Rectory - - - - -
One tenement in Preston
Tenants by Copy of Court Roll in Charsley
Customs there . - . .
Rents of moveables . . - -
Rents of assize in Buchenhill
Chilton, rents of free and customary tenants
Farm of the Manor - - - -
the Rectory
Rectory of Chardesley
Rent of tenements in Caversham and Canon-end 5
Farm of the Manor of Canon-end
Rectory of Caversham
Rents in Barton - - - .
Oxon.
Grange Farm at Nethercote in Steple Ashton,
Lands, &c. in Wendlebury - - -
Tenements in Thame - . .
Lands in Pyrton - - . -
in Kylmiston in Cheryton -
Notley Grange in Sonyngdon
Lincoln.
Farm of the Manor of Stranglethorp -
Bucks.
Rectory of Durton - - - -
and INIanor of Princes Risborough -
Manor of Chytwood
Rectory of Barton Hartshorn
Farm of the Rectory of Asshendon -
Portion of tithes of Esyngton in Chilton
Farm of the Rectory of Hillesdon -
s€.
d.
21 ]
15
9i
0
0
8
0 :
10
0
0
7
4
0
17
0
12
0
0
6
13
4
21
15
0
0
16
0
1
3
4
1
0
0
0
8
0
0
16
0
0
17
8
48
4
4
0
18
0
1
6
0
0
2
0
0
0
10
0
12
0
5
6
0
5
6
s
16
0
0
10
0
0
nd5
5
4
2
11
4
18
0
0
2
2
8
, 5
0
0
0
16
0
1
3
4
0
8
0
0
S
6
2
0
0
14
13
4
40
0
0
4
13
4
0
12
0
22
0
0
5
0
0
13
6
8
Oxon.
Stoke-lyle, Farm of the Rectory
Norfolk.
Shyringham, Farm of the Rectory -
Berks.
Portion of Tenths of Cholsey
Gloucester.
Farm of the Rectory of Nether-Swell
Wilts.
Farm of the Rectory of Mayden Bradley
Berks.
Portion of Tenths in Lyford
Bucks.
Well feldes, alias Bryll-closes Pasture
Farm of demesne lands of Nottley -
Perquisites of Courts in Nether- Winchendon
Chilton
14
0
0
19
4
8
0
1
11
8
8
1
4
12
0
13
16
8
Rents of tenement in Wood Street, London
Friday Street -
Farm of tenement in Fysh Street, in the parish
of St. Mildred - - - - 1 10 0
Farm of tenement in Brad Street, in the parish
of St. Mildred - - - - 1 6 8
[Rot. 28 Hen. VIII. Monast. Anglic, vol. vi. p. 280.]
The revenues are elsewhere described as follows :
The Monastery of Notley, of which Richard Ridge is noiv
Abbat and Incumbent.
Value of temporalities in com.
Buck, of the demesne lands of
the site of the Monastery afore-
said adjacent to the manse of the
Incumbent, with a water mill,
not let out, per ann. - - '
Farm of the Manor of Crendon,
with the demesne lands and
rents of tenants
Perquisites of courts, average
Rents of lands in Okeley -
In Codington - - - -
Rents payable from the Friars
Minors in Aylesbury
Rents of lands and tenements in
Cleydon - - - -
Farm in Fynemer - - -
Rents and farm in Wotton -
Ditto in Bryll sup. montem
Rents and farm, including ^12
per ann. rents for a water mill
£. s.
d.
!6 18
4
10 I
0
0 3
4
0 8
0
0 S
0
0
0
0
16
0
2
0
0
0
17
0
12
8
0
228
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
The statute for the suppression of the smaller
monasteries
, after enumerating^ many evils which
and certain parcels of arable,
pasture, &c. late in the tenure
of Walter Elvell and now of Sir
John Daunce, Knt. by inden-
ture for a term of years, with
the fishery of the stream in Ne- £.. s. d.
ther-Winchendon, perann. - 47 5 7i
Perquisitesof courts, average - 0 13 -t
llents of lands and tenements in
Preston-(Bisset) - - - 0 IS O
llents of lands and tenements in
Chardesley - - - - 1 6 0
Ditto in Barton-(Hartshorn) - 2 2 8
Kents and farm in Chilton - - 10 12 4
Perquisites of courts ; average - 0 2 0
Oxfordshire.
Eents of lands and tenements in
Caversham, per ann.
Rents and farm in Nethercote
Rent of one tenement, with cer-
tain lands in VVendylbury
Rents of lands in Thame -
lands and ten. in Pyrton
Rents of free tenants in Bucknell
Hampshire.
Rents of arable lands in the com-
mon fields of Kelveston - -086
[This is probably an error, being
entered in the Roll of 28 Hen.
VHI. as Kylmiston, in Cheryton,
CO. Oxon,]
City of London.
Rents of divers tenements, per ann. 20 18 0
£.
7 10
0
5 0
0
0 16
0
1 ;i
0
0 8
0
0 12
0
Bedfordshire.
In Sonyngton, rents of lands and
tenements - - - 2
Lincolnshire.
Rents and farms in Stragelthorpe,
Bekyngham, and Sutton - - 13
From sale of wood, the demesnes
and manors there ; average - 5
Fines on demise of lands to divers
persons on leases ; average - 3
20 18 0
Total value of temporalities ^^177 9
Spiritualities in com. Buck.
The Rectory of Crendon, in the
hands of the Abbat - - 38 0 0
Rectory of Xcther-Winchcndon - 17 0 0
Chardesley, in the hands
of the Abbat - - - 10 10 0
Rectory of Durton - - - l-i 13 4
Princes-Rysborough - 40 0 0
Hiliesden - - - 19 8 0
Chitwood - - - 5 5 Q
Barton - - - 5 6 6
.— Asshendon - - - 22 0 0
Chilton - - - 16 0 0
Portion of tenths in Esyngdon - 5 10 0
Fynmer Chapel, a certain portion
from the Rector of Queynton,
for odvenlions in the Chapel
there, per ann. - - - 0 4 0
Oblations in Brylle Chapel - 0 2 0
Oxfordshire.
Rectory of Caversham - - 33 4 0
Stoke Lyne - - 12 0 8
Oblations in the Chapel of Ca-
versham - - - - 8 0 0
,£. s. d.
193 19 4
Norfolk.
Rectory of Shyringham - - 24 1 8
A portion of tenths in Cholshill - 2 3 4
in Blakeborough -
Gloucestershire.
Rectory of Shelwelle inferior [Ne-
ther Swell. 1
Wiltshire.
Rectory of (Maiden) Bradley -
Berkshire.
A portion of tenths (in Lyford) -
Anglesey.
An annual pension there, per ann.
Fines paid on demises of the Rec-
tories by indentures for terms
of years, average - - -
Tenths of demesne lands adjacent
to the Monastery, pastures and
closes in the hands of the in-
cumbents _ - - -
Tithes of demesne lands of the site
of the Monastery - - -
A pasture in Brill
A close in Nether-Wynchindon -
Total of Spiritualities and Temporalities, in-
cluding Blakeborough and Nether-Swell,
accordimr to the Roll. - - - i£i9r, \S m
2 13 4
1 4 0
0 13 4
NOTLEY ABBEY. . 2-29
it was supposed would be remedied by transferring their possessions, which had been " wasted for
From which to be deducted the
following payments :
Temporalities : £. s. d.
To the Dean of the College of
Wyndesor 2i. the Warden of All
Souls Coll. Oxf 25. and Michael
Dormer, Esq. 2i. Chief Lords of
Crendon, for lands in Crendon,
perann. - - - - 0 6 0
For reserved rents to the same - 1 0 0
To the Prior of St. John of Jeru-
salem in England, for lands in
Godyngton (co Oxon) per ann. 0 3 4
To the Earl of Huntingdon, for
lands in "Hrylle upon the Hill" 0 1 9
Reserved rents :
To John Crooke, Lord of Chilton,
for lands there - - - 0 4 0
To the Lord the King, for lands
in Caversham - - - 4 0 0
To the Abbat of Redynge, for
lands there - - - - 0 2 0
To the Earl of Derby, for certain
lands there - - - - 0 1 0
To the Abbat of Eyncsham, for
lands there - - - - 0 1 0
To the Bishop of Lincoln, for cer-
tain lands in Thame - - 0 4 9
To the Master of St. Giles's Hos-
pital in London, for tenements 2 0 0
To St. Pauls Church, for tene-
ments in Bred stret (London) 0 4 0
To the Abbat of St. Alban's, for
tenements in Wood strett, Lon-
don 0 9 0
To the Kmg, for lands in Stragel-
thorpe 0 10 0
To the Duke of Norfolk, for lands
in Sutton - - - . Q \ ^ £_ s. d.
'- 9 8 2|
Annual Pensions.
To the Abbat and Convent of
Warden, co. Bedf out of lands
in Nether- Winchendon - . 10 4 4§
To the Prior of Chyksond out of
the lands aforesaid - - - 5 6 8
15 11 Oi
Fees of Officers.
Sir John Daines (Dauncey) Knt.
Chief Steward of demesne lands 2 13 4
Henry Combes, auditor to the
Monastery - - - - 2 0 0
Eob. Egerley, Steward of the
Courts of the Lordships of Cren-
don, Wynchindon, Chilton, and £. s. d.
Caversham - - - - 1 6 8
Robert Huffe, Steward of the ma-
nor of Stragelthorpe - - 0 6 S
John Slater, BailitFof the same - 1 6 8
William Ryssley, Bailiff of Chit-
wood, Barton, and Nethercote 2 0 0
Thomas Shirley, Bailiff of Crendon 16 8
John Sprynge, Bailiff of Chilton 1 0 0
Richard Fichett, Bailiff, for tene-
ment in London - - - 1 6 8
William Beverley, Bailiff of Lower
Winchendon - - - 1 6 8
Henry Standysshe, Bailiff of Ca-
versham - - - - 1 0 0 ^. s. d.
15 13 4
Total - ^40 12 7^
Spiritualities.
Procurations and Synodals to Dr.
Rich. Leighton, Archdeacon of
the whole Archdeaconry of the
County of Bucks, for the Rec-
tory of Crendon, per ann. - 0 10 71
To the same for the Rectory of
Princes Risborough - - 0 10 7^
for HiUesden - - 0 10 7|
Chitwood - - - 0 5 6
Barton - - - 0 6 6
Assendon - - - 0 10 7^
Chilton - - - 0 10 7i
To the Archdeacon of Oxford, for
the Rectory of Caversham - 0 10 1\
for the Rectory of Stoke-Iyle 0 10 7|
To the Archdeacon of Norfolk,
for the Rectory of Shiryngham 0 10 7^
To the Archdeacon of Wilts, for
the Rectory of Bradley - - 0 10 7^
Annual Pensions.
To the Churchwardens of Cren-
don, for quit-rents issuant out
of glebe lands - - -
To the Rector of Ickford a pen-
sion out of the Rectory of
Chardesley . - - -
To the Prince, for certain glebe
lands of the Rectory of Princes
Risborough - - - -
230 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
the maintenance of sin," to great " and honourable monasteries, where rehgion was well obsen'ed,"
enacted that the King should have the disposal of all and singular such foundations : • and before
the dissolution of those larger houses, it was declared that, lest the honour of the kingdom should
be diminished by the suppression of twenty-nine Abbats and Priors, who holding by their Baronies
were summoned to Parliament, the King would supply their places by the creation of a suitable
number of Peers: but no provision was made to exempt the people from those burdens which dis-
tributions to the poor, and contributions to the state, from the religious-houses, had previously ren-
dered unnecessary. And subsidic's being afterwards repeatedly demanded by the Crown, Henry
Brinklow, a merchant of London,^ under the assumed signature of Rodcric Mors, complained to
Parliament that "when Anti -Christ of Rome walked up and down, his children had gotten all
the best lands of England into their hands, and most part of the best personages and vicarages
(more than one third of the parish churches); that they gave the unimpropriated to their friends,
some of whom were learned, and, if not learned, who kept hospitality, and helped the poor : and,
if the parsonages were impropriated, that the monks were bound to give alms and keep hospi-
tality, so that many thousands were well received amongst them, and might have been better, if
they had not so many great mens horses to feed, or been overcharged unth idle gentlemen, never
out of their Abbies :" — that in vicarages they sometimes,\i seldom, placed in them "a sufficient
Vicar to preach and teach," but that "-note all the Ahhai/es were in temporal hands,'' and not
" one halfpenny-worthe of almes, or any other profit," given to the people 1 " Your pretence," he
adds, " of putting down Abbays, was to amend that which was amisse. It was far amisse that
i;reat part of the lands given to bring up learned men to preach, and keep hospitality, and give
almes, should be spent on a few superstitious monks, who gave not 40/. in almes when they
should have given 200/. : — that monkes should have parsonages, and deale Imt the twentieth part
to the poore, and preach but once in the year to them that paid the tithes. It was amisse that
they scarcely among twenty sent one sufficient Vicar to preaehe for the tithes that they received :
— but now, how is that which was amisse amended? — even as the Direl amended his dame's
legge (as in the proverbe), u-hen he should hare set it right he brake it quite in pieces! The
Noteley, to divers poor at
Princes Risborough Church, on ^. s. d.
Wliitsunday annually - - 1 0 0
For Sir llalph Norwich, Knt.
founder of Chitwood Priory, to
divers poor, on St. Blase's day
(3 Feb.) annually, at Brylle
Chapel, as an annual quit rent
of the Prior of the aforesaid
Monastery, ordained by King
Henry VI. to be continued for
ever - . - .
To Sir Edw. Donne, Knt. quit
£.
.s.
d
rents from the same
0
5
0
To Gerard Hampden, quit rents
out of the Rectory ofHillesden
0
■I-
0
Pence paid to the Bishop of Lin-
coln, for certain exemptions of
the Church of Chitwood -
0
6
8
To the Dean of Lincoln also
0
1
0
To the Warden and Scholars of
the New College of Winton in
0.\ford, out of the Rectory of
Caversham - - - -
8
6
8
To the Prior of Waborne (Woo-
burn) out of the Rectory of Shi-
ryngham . . - -
0
0
8
£. s. d.
11 8 10
0
2
6
£.
s.
d.
£\-
19
H
Reprisals and deductions from Temporalities and Spi-
Alms distributed for the souls of ritualities s£3S.\\s.9d.
Walter (Jylford, late Earl of So that there remains clear, per ann. ££"437. fo. S^rf.
Buckinghamshire, and formerly Tenths to the Kinge^^S. 144-. Sic?.
founder of the Monastery of [Valor Eccles. Hen. VHL vol. ii. p. 232 et seq.]
' Mon. Anglic, vol. vi. p. 1G54-. ' Holinshcd's Chronicle.
NOTLEY ABBEY.
231
monks gave too little almesse, and sett unable persons in their benefices : but now, where 20/. was
geven yecrly to the poore, in more than an hundred places is not one meale's meate given. This
is a faire amendment I Where they had always one or other Vicar, that either preached or hired
some to preache, now there is no Vicar at all, but the Fermer is Vicar and Parson too : and only
an old cast-away monke, or frere, which can scarcely say his Mattlns, is hired for twenty or thirty
shillings, meate and drinke, yea, in some places for meate and drinke alone :" — and thus the
author proceeds with sharp admonitions to laymen, " who feed themselves fat with the tithes,
whilst the souls of the parishioners suffer famine," &c. '
After the visitation by the King's Commissioners, some of the Visitors petitioned that certain
monasteries might be continued, on account of the worth of the ecclesiastics residing in them,
the benefit derived by the poor, and the advantages of education. Bishop Latimer moved for the
preservation of some for pious uses ; but Cromwell invaded all : and all were involved in the com-
mon ruin sanctioned in 1539 by Parliament.^
Three Seals of Notley Abbey, by favour of John Caley, Esq. F.S.A. Keeper of the Records in
the Augmentation Office, and through the friendly interposition of Sir Richard Colt Hoare, Bart.
which the Author here records with great respect and gratitude, are represented in the annexed
eng-ravmss
The most ancient has the legend, " Sigillum Sanctc Marie de Nutle," with a seated effigy of the
Virgin crowned, with a lily in her right hand, the blessed Babe on her knee, an orb in his left-
hand, and the right-hand in the attitude of benediction : on one side a star of seven rays, on the
other a crescent, emblematical of the display and increase of Christianity.
Moil. Anglic, vol. vi. p. 1655.
' Herbert s Hist, of Hen. VHI. p. i¥l.
232 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
On the second are three tabernacles ; in the centre of which stands the Virgin, hetween St. John,
who has a ninibns and holds tlie holy Lamb, and a mitred Abbat, apparently having a star at his
breast. They are surrounded by the shields of the patron families of Staftbrd (after that house
had assumed the royal coat of Thomas of Woodstock, in preference to their own), Bohun, and
Marcschal. These point out the date of this seal to be early in the 15th cent. ; and it bears this in-
scription : " Sigillum : comune : Monast' : b'e : Marie : et : Sc'i : Johanis : Baptiste : de : Nottele :"
The third, a broken seal, represents a standing figure of the Virgin, with the imperfect inscrip-
tion " — beate Marie de Notley :" and was probably the seal of the Abbat, of the same age as the
round one, which belonged to the community at large.
A Council was held at Notley 27 Aug. 1540, at which the only business transacted relative to
Bucks, seems to have been " a letter sent under the starape to the Lord Chancellour for the call-
inge in againe of a supersedeas of the commission for the subsidie into the Countye of Bucking-
hanie, and the making of a new connnission, wherein commandement was given him to inserte
Sir John Dauncv, Knight, George Bulstroade, Rob. Cheney, Edmond Windsor, Christopher
Westcottc, and John Godwin, Esq." ■
In 1542 King Henry VIII. demised to Sir John W^illiams, Knt. and others, about 250 acres in
Crendon, and a water-mill in Notley, late belonging to the monastery.'-
Soon after the accession of Edward VI., the King granted to Sir William Paget, K.G. his heirs
and assigns, the site of the abbey, and reversion of the premises formerly demised to Sir John Wil-
liams and Roger Lc^e, with arable lands, warrens, &c. in capite, at 22a-. Ad. per ann. for all ser-
vices.'^ Sir William Piigct was principal Secretary of State, and held other important offices in
difficult times ; and having maintained his credit at Court during the King's life, was appointed
one of the executors of his will.* In 1550 he was Comptroller of the Household to King Ed-
ward VI. and when the enemies of the Protector Somerset propagated evil reports respecting his
designs, the Council ordered Sir William Paget and Archbishop Cranmer to look well to the
King's persbn.5 About the same time, the Duke of Somerset obtained a grant, inter al. of a
reserved rent out of the demesnes of Notley,*' but within some few days the King, by another
patent, granted to Sir Anthony Butler and Sir John Williams, Knts. the annual quit-rent for-
merly granted for the site and demesnes of the Abbey to Sir William Paget, to hold in capite for
the fortieth part of a knight's fee."
Sir John Williams, having risen from an inferior employment to the office of Treasurer of the
Court of Augmentations in the reign of Henry VIII. recommended himsi'lf to Queen Mary by
an early declaration in her favour, and was summoned to Parliament as Lord Williams of Thame
5 April, 1554, but his patent was not enrolled. On the Queen's marriage he was made Chamber-
lain to King Phili]!, but behaved so circumspectly that after the accession of Queen Elizabeth he
' Present at the Couiu'cl, the Lord Create Chambcrlayn of England ( F.arl of Oxford), tlie Lord Great Admirall of
England (John Ld. ]{ussel), the Bp. of Durham (Tunstall, formerly Bp. of London), the Master of the Horse, Sir Tho.
Wriothesley, Secretary (afterwards Chancellor) and the Chancellor of the Augmentations. IMS. Council Book in the
Archives of his Grace the Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, at Stowe.
- Lands called VVyndeyards 10 ac. Windmill alias Sholdque Hill 20 ac. Crendon field SO ac. Horse-closes 16 ac.
Mill-field-furlong 25 ac. Nether-Shepecote, Nuthey 7 ac. Upper-Shepecote-pasture 10 ac. Over Grove 20 ac. Ne-
thergrove 10 ac. Calvc's-mead 2 ac. Chilmaster-meadow S ac. Hawkcsbridge-niead 6 ac. Ersquam-nieadow 4 ac
Dorsall, 6 ac. Polsham 3 ac. Mill-ham-meadow, &c, at 19/. 4s. 8rf. per ann. with the usual reservation of timber. [Kot.
Pat. 3 !■ Hen. VHL Test. 29 Aug.] These lands now constitute Notley Manor farm.
3 Piot. Pat. 1 Ed. VL Test, .30 May. * See !SL\nLow and Pedk;ree of Paget.
■• Eehard's Hist, of England, p 306." '^ Rot. Pat. 4 Ed. VL Test. 1 Aug. ' lb. Test. 7 Aug.
NOTLEY ABBEY.
233
was appointed Lord President of Wales ; and dying at Ludlow Castle 19 Oct. 1559, was buried at
Thame, where he has a gorgeous monument ; and the munificent foundation of a grammar-school
is a better and imperishable memorial of him. His two sons dying without issue, his daughters
became his heirs, and this estate passed by Margery the youngest to the family of Norris, or
Norreys, whose pedigree is annexed.
PEDIGREE OF NORRIS, WILLIAMS, and BERTIE.
Arms, Quarterly, 1st and 4th, Az
saltlre between four crosses patted Or ; id and 3d, Arg. a raren Proper
Tescent. Lord jrMiams of Thame.
John Norris, descended in the fourth generation from Sir Henry Norris, Kot. of Speke
Henry S., Esquire of the Body, Master of the Wardrobe : Sheriff of Oxoa and Berks £
1 Sept. 6 Ed. 4, buried at Bray, co. Berks.
CO. Lancaster ; First Usher of the Chamber to Klng=p.
; Hen. 6., Esquire of the Body to K. Ed«
p n.mg-p.
1. Isabel, da. aud h. of Edm.=pSiR William Norris, Knt. of Yatten
Ingaldesth.irp, widow of John I Knight of the Body to K. Edw. 4. ; Cc
Marquess Montagu. | bottle of btoke, co. Notts.
WILLIAMS.
Sir John ^Elizabeth, dau. s
WiLLiA,Ms, c.ih. of Richard Mo
Knt. Esq.of Burghfield,
Berks.
on, CO. Berks,=pJOANE Vere [Dugd. tom.l. p. 197 : called also Jane, torn. ii.
nmander at the p. 403] dau. of John l-2th Earl of Oxford, byEliiabeth, dau.
I of Sir John Howard, Ko
VVlLlIAM,")
Lionel, [-died yo
Richard, J
, mar. to Sir J. Langford, Sip
of Bradfield, Knt. No
JoANE, mar. to John Cheney, Esq.
of VVoodhay, co. Berks.
Elizabeth, mar. to Will. Farmer,
Esq. of Somerton, co. Oxon.
Edward ^Fridiswide, dau. of John Lord
' 'ell, and sister of Francis Vis-
nt Lovell, attainted temp.
Elizabeth, dau. =^Sir Ju
and coh. of Th(
Bledlow, Esq.
widow of Andrew
Edmondes, Esq.
of Temple Cross-
ing, CO. Essex.
Wi;
Jewel House, summonec
5 Apr. 1554, as Lord Will
Thame; Chamlierlain to Ki
lip; Lord President of the
of Wales i oh. at Ludlow
1559, bur. at Thame.
Clerk oP=Margery,
1. JoHJ. Nor-
=Elizabeth Bray,
2. Henry Norris, Usher of the=f
d to Pari. dau. of
ris, Esquire
dau. of John and
Black Rod 23 Oct. 18 Hen. 8.;
iams, of Thomas
of the Body to
sist. of Edmund
Esquire of the Body, Gent, of
ingPhi- Lord
King Henry
Lord Bray. [See
Privy Chamber 20 Hen. 8.; Con-
Council Went-
Via.; ob. 21
PEDIGREEof
stable of Walingford Castle 29
14 Oct. worth.
Oct. ti Eliz.
Bray.]
Nov. 27 Hen. K. attainted 28
s. p.
Hen. 8. beheaded 14 May 1536.
Thoma
Lord
Dacres
of the
South.
Henry — .■\nne, Francis,
WiL- da. of ob. V. p.
liams, Henry s. p.
ob. Lord
v.p.s.p. Stafford.
Margery
youngest
dau. and
coh.
3,Knt.
lY Norris, Knt. of Wytham, co. Berks, 30 years of age=.MARY, only dau. mar. Ist, ti
lighted at Rycot 1566 (8 Eliz.) Ambassador to France 14 Sir Geo. Carew, Knt.; 2dly
mmoned to Parliament as a Peer B May ; will dated 24 to Sir Arthur Champernoun
9 (31 Eliz.) bur. at Rycot. Knt.
I. William Norris,:
eldest son and heir,
Marshal of Berwick ;
ob. 25 Dee. 22 Eliz.
:Elizabeth, da. of Sir Ric. Morrison,
Knt. of Cashioberry, co. Herts ' Ijy
Bridget, dau. of Lord Hussey, after-
wards Countess of Rutland and Bed-
ford) ; roar. 2d]y, to Lord Clinton.
Sir John No
Forces sent 1
dent of Mui
circ. 34 Eliz.
I'homas Norri
of Monster, J
land; died of i
Ris, died 0
Presii
Maximilian Norris,
slain in Britanny.
Sir Edward Norris,
Knt.Gov. of Ostend,
ob. 1 Jac. 1, s. p.
Sir Francis Norris, K.B.
uncle Sir Edw. Norris 1 Jac
Viscount Thame and Earl of Berkshii
;d to Parliament 43 Eliz. next heir of his=^BRiDGET Vere, 2d dau.
1 29 years of age ; cr. 28 Jan. 1 8 Jac. 1 first wife, dau. of Will. C
re ; ob. 28 Jan. 20 Jac. 1 . at Rycot. digree of Vere.]
of Edward 17th Earl of Oxford bv Anne his
LordBurghley Lord Treasurer. ' [See Pe-
soIe^Eo
■• I
ARDWRAY,Esq.GrO(
Sir Wm. Wray, Kn
of the Bedchamber to K. James, 2d son of
nd Bart, of Glentworth, co. Lincoln.
Bridget, sole dau. and he
Dorset ; 2dly, to Montagu '.
; mar. 1st, to Edw. Sackville, 2d son of Edw. 4th Earl of
ertie. Earl ofLindsey. [See Pedigree of Bertie, p. 234]
Francis Lord Norreys, of Rycot, K.B. grandson of Margery, was created (28 Jan. 18 Jac. I.)
Viscount Thame and Earl of Berkshire : but about the year 1599 the site of the Abbey and the
estate here were in the hands of Edward Lenton, Esq. of Gray's-inn, who was assessed for the
Abbey grounds ; was living here in 1605 : ' and himself, or his son Edward, described in 1633
as of Notley: William Lenton was of Gray's Inn, in 1634. Edward Bertie had a son, Norris
Topograph, vol. iii. p. 66.
234
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Bertie, living unmarried at Notlcy in 1068, but who died in London in 1673, in which year
WiUis mentions William Lenton as jiroprietor of the Abbey.
The family of Lenton possessed lands in Northamptonshire, Lincolnshire, and Nottinghamshire,
but their affinity to or connection with the Berties is not satisfactorily made out: however, this
estate was either restored or transferred to the descendants of its former possessors, whose pedi-
gree is here introduced.
PEDIGREE OF BERTIE.
Arms. Arg. tliree battering rams liar-wlse Proper, lieadeJ Az. armed and furnished Or. Crest. A pine-tree Proper. Bcrlie. Or, Frette Arg.
Crest, the bust of King Barbicun coupeat the breast Proper, ducally crowned Or. If'Uloughhj. Arg. a battle-axe Gu. between three Pellets. Morse.
Philip Bertie, descended from Leopold de Bertie, Constable of Dover=^.
Castle, temp. King Ethelred : attended Hen. 2. into England in 1154, I
and recovered his patrimony at Bersted, in Kent. )
Martin.^
RoBERT.^p
VVlLLUM.=p....
Edward.!?:
!!t-
of Bristol, temp. Hen. S.^. . .
Robert Bertie,
Thomas Bertie, of Bersted,
Kent. Capt. of Hurst Castle, Isle of Wight,^.
Mnp. Hen. 7.
. Salop.
Richard Bertie, Esq. A. B. of C. C. C. Oxon. l.^S? ;
Elizabeth at Cambridge, in 1S6'3 : ob. 1582, ae
;e, sole dau. of William Lord Willoughby de Eresby ; relict of
Charles Brandon Duke of Suffolk ; ob. 1 9 Sept. 1580.
Pebegrise Bertie, bo
de Eresby 11 Nov. 15S
wick : wi'll dated 7 Aug. 15
at Wesel, in Uermany, 12 Uct. 1555 : Karon VVillougljy=piHARY, aau. ot John x
(22 Eliz.) General in Holland 1588, Governor of Ber- I of Oxford, sist. and he
,590 : ob. 1«01, bur. at Spilsby, en. Line. | ward 17th Earl of Oxf
Robert Bertie, Lord High Chamber-^^EL
I, sole dau. of
1 Jac. l.EarlofLindsey 2 Ci
K. G. B Car. 1. Constable of England
7 Car. 1. Lord High Admiral 11
Car 1. Gov. of Berwick 1G39 : Gen.
of the King's Forces 1G40: wounded
fatally at Edge-Hill fight, 23 Oct. 1 642,
set. GO, bur at Edenham, eo. Line.
Edward Lord Monta-
gu, of Boughton, CO.
Northampton, by Eliz.
dau. ofSir John Jeffries,
Lor.l Ch. Baron of the
Exchequer; ob.SoNov.
|,j=pI\lARY, dau. of John Vere Earl Susan, mar. 1st, to Reginald Gre^
fEd- Earl of Kent: 2dly, to" Sir John
ford. Wingfield, Knt.
Edward Wray, Esq^^Ei.izARETH.snleda.
Peregrine Bertie. Catherine, mar.
Hen-ry Bertie, of to Sir Lewis
Fulstowe, CO. Lin- Watson, Knt. of
coin. Rockingham
Vere Bertie, vi?. Castle, after-
1590. wards Lord
Roger Bertie, Rockingham.
of the Bed-
chamber, to King
Charles 1., 3d son of
Sir William Wray,
Knt. and Bart, of
Glentworth, Co. Lin-
& heir of Ft,
Ld.Norris, Earl of
Berkshire; wid. of
Edw.adsonofEdw.
4th Earl of Dorset.
[See Pedigree of
NORHIS, p. 233.]
t. Sir Roger Bertie,
K. B. ob. 5 Oct. 1G54,
inar. Ursula, sole dau. &
lieirofSirEdw.Lawley,
Knt.ofErcall, CO. Salop.
3. Robert Bertie, ob.
4. Pereorine Bertie,
ofEvedon, CO. Lincoln,
mar. Anne, dau. of Da-
niel Harvey, ofEvedon,
3. Capt. Francis Bertie, killed
in Ireland 1G41.
S. Robert Bertie, born lfil9,
mar. 1st, Alice, dau. nf Richard
Barnard, Esq. ; 2dly, Elizabeth,
2d dau. of Sir Thomas Rennet,
Knt. of Bahraham, co. Camb.
7. Capt.Henry Bertie, killedat
the battle of Newbury.
8. Vere Bertie, ob. coelebs, at
Catharine, ma
to Sir Willia
Pastoi), Bart.
Elizabeth, iM
to Sir Miles
Stapleton, of
Ne
9. Edward Bertie, born
died 1G8G, qu .'
624,
Carl^
York.
Anne, ob. inf.
Sophia, mar. tc
J. Hewet, D.D
2dly, to Sir
Abm.Shipman, Knt
Martha, 3d dau. :
of Sir William
Cockaine, Knt. of
Rushton, CO.
Northampton,
Alderman of Lon-
don ; wid. of
John Earl of
Holderness : ob.
July 1G61.
Montagu Bertie, K. G. 2d
Earl of Lindsey, Captain of
the Guards 1G39: fought at
Edge-Hill, Newbury, Cropredy,
Lestwithiel, and Naseby :
Gent, of the Bed Chamber to
King Charles 1. : knighted ;
Privy Counsellor to Charles 2. ;
K. G. 1 April IGGl ; Great
Chamberlain of England: ob.
at Kensington 25 July 1G66,
aet. S3, buried at Edeoham.
^Bridge
NOTLEY ABBEY.
235
Mary, t^Rob. ^
Eliz. :
sole da.
of Phil.
Whar-
Eliza-^
beth
Wands-
worth
WHA.r
TON.]
:Eliz.
dau. of
Thos.
Earl of
Downe,
in Ire-
land;
3d wife.
Charles Bertie
ob. ccelebs.
Elizabeth, ob.
2. Peregrine Bertie,
5.Chas.^
mar. Susan, dau. of
Ber-
Sir Edward Monins,
tie,
Bart, of Waldershare,
Esq. of
CO. Kent ; and had
Uffing.
issue Bridget, mar. to
John Earl Pawlett, ob.
Line. '
1747, bur. at Hinton,
A.M.
CO. Somerset ; and
Oxon
Mary, mar. 1st, to
1665:
Anthony Henley, Esq.
Sec.
of the Grange, co.
to the
Hants: 2dly, toHon.
Lord
Hen. Bertie, 3d son of
Trea-
James 1st Earl of
surer
Abingdon, (her cousin
1673:
bythe half blood) as
Trea-
his 2d wife : vid. infra.
surer of
3. Richard Bebtie,
the
M. P. fur Woodstock
Ord-
1685: ob. coel. 19
nance •
Jan. l«85,aet. 40.
M.P.
4. Vere Bertie, A.M.
for
Oxon 16S.5; Serj.
Stam-
at Law 1675: Bar. of
ford:
the Exchequer : Just.
ob. 13
Com. PI. : ob. coelebs.
Jan.
17 Feb. 1630.
167S-9.
:MaRY,
dau. of
Peter
Tryou,
Esq. of
Har-
North-
amp-
Jid! of
Baptist
Noel,
Vise.
Camp-
den.
3.Brid-
get,
mar. to
Sir
Court-
Dk. of
Leeds.
S.Catii.
Roi'.
Dor-
Dm'ton.
Eleanora,:
eldest dau.
and cob. of
Sir Henry
Lee, Knt.
of Ditch-
ley, CO.
Oxon, by
Anne, dau.
of Sir John
Knt. and
q.ob.
May
=FJames Lord Nor
(US, jure mat. cr.
(30 Nov. 1682,
34 Car. 2.) Earl
of Abingdon :
of Oxfordshire
1674 to 1697 :
Chief Justice in
Eyre, South of
of Sir Ed-
ward N or-
ris, of
Tren
Hi!
Steward of
Oxford : ob. 22
May 1699, aet. 46:
bur. at Rycot : Ha
mar. 2dly, Cath-
arine, eldest dau.
and cob. of Sir
Thomas Chamber-
lain, Bart, widow
of Richard Lord
Viscount Wen-
husband, James
Wroughton, Esq.
of Estcot, Wilts,
ob. 9 Feb. 1741.
Wynn,
Gwy-
ob. 20
Sept.
1689.
[Col-
lins.]
Earl
of
sey,
Lt. &
CHSt.
Rot.
of
(29
Dec.
1706,
5
Anne)
Marq.
Lind-
sey,
29
July,
caster
and
Kes-
:Albi-
Pere- Tho
NIA,
GRINE, .MAS
dau.
Bertie, Ber
of
Vice tie
Maj.
Chamb. eld.
Gen.
of the
Will.
House- ob.
Far-
hold to inf.
ring-
K.Wil.
ton,
3.&Qu.
Anne:
Chi-
Teller
sle-
of the
hurst,
Excheq.:
CO.
(D.C.L.
Kent:
ofOxon
mar.
1702.)
'to^'
ftLP.for
Truro,
1705: ob.
Jas.
Dou-
10 July
glas,
1711,
Esq.
Kt. 4 8,
M.P.
Philii- Bertie,
for
ob. 15 April
Mai-
1728, aet. 64.
mes-
NoRREYs Ber-
bury
tie, of Magd.
ob.
Coll. Oxon,
1745.
A.M. 27 May
1738.
Bertie, Audit-
orof the Duchy
ofCornw. A.B'.
ofCh.Ch.Oxon
1689: M.P. for
Lincoln 1705,
Cockermouth,
1708, Boston
1734;ob.l741.
TIE,
Esq.
ofLf-
fing-
M.P.
for
Stam-
ford,
Eliz.
mar.
heir of
John
Nor-
borne,
Esq. of
Stewk-
died
young.
1. MoNTAGU-
Venables 2d
Earl of Abing-
don, C()nstabte
of the Tower ;
Lord Lieutenant
of Oxon. 1702 :
Chief Justice
in Eyre, South
of Trent 1710:
ob. 16 June
1743; Istw.
Anne, daughter
and heir of
Peter Venables,
Lord Kender-
September 1687 :
ob. 2S Apr. 1715,
of Ge-
neral
Chas.
Church
2.Jas.=PEliz
T~r
:f Henry Ber-
tie, of
ob.juv.
North Wes-
[Collins,
ton and
vol. ii.
Chesterton,
p. 420.]
CO. Oxon :
Mary,
ob. 1734,
mar. to
buried at
Charles
Chesterton
5 Dec: mar.
Earl of
2diy
sister of
von : ob
Sir Henry
s. p.
Fetherstone,
[Pedi-
Bart. ob.
gree of
s.p.
Dor-
mer.]
John
Duke
of
Marl-
Feb-
S.Henry Bertie, M.P.for West-
bury, CO. V\'ilts. ob. December
1735, at Boulogne; mar. 1st,
Arabella-Susan, dau. of
Lord Glenawly, in Ireland ;
widow of Marcus Viscount
Dungannon : ob. 10 Dec.
1708, s .p.; 2dlv, Mary, da\l.
■ ■ ofPe'regri -
ntag,
Earl
Chas.
9th
Lord
Wil-
1715,
42,
tie, 2d son of Mo
ofLindsey, by his 1st wife,
and widow of Anthony Henley,
of the Grange ; and had issue
Susanna, bap. at Kensington
18 Jan. 1719. Vide ut supra.
Robert Bertie, of Beenham,
CO. Berks, M.P. for West-
bury : ob. 16 Aug. 1710,
8. p. mar. Catharine, dau.
of Richard 4th Viscount Wen-
man ; mar. 2dly, to Sir W.
Osbaldeston, Bart, of Nether-
cote, CO. Oxon.
Peregrine Bertie, Captain
R N. ob. 1709, in France,
a prisoner of war : coelebs.
Charles Bertie, B.C.L.
1706, D.C.L. 1711 ; Pro-
fessor of Natural Philoso-
phy, at Oxford, Fellow of
All Souls coll. Rector of
Kenne, Devon ; mar. Eliza-
beth daughter of the Rev. J.
Kerry, Rector of Tredding-
ton, CO. Worcester.
Bridget, mar. to Richard Vise.
Bulkeley.
Anne, mar. to Sir Will. Courte-
ney, Bart.
Mary, ob. innupt.
mar. Elizab
dau. of Rog
Harris, Esq
of Winchesi
Weston, CO.
Oxon.
Charles Mon-
tagu Bertie,
of Magd. coll.
Oxon. A.M. 12
Mar. 1718,
Rector of
Uffington, CO.
Lincoln.
".-:,- I-
. ' (innupt.
Anne, J ^
Catherine,
mar. to Francis
Clerke, Esq. of
North Weston,
CO. Oxon.
[Pedigree of
Clerke.]
•236
ASIIEXDON HUNDRED.
r-r-r-^-i
Robert Peregrine-,
=Jane
Lord Vere Uertie, of Charles=pBath-
PERE-=pELIZA-
NoRBORNE Ber-
Wil'^ ^Anna-
2. Edward
Ber-
Bertie,
dau. Grirasthorpe, co. Line. Bertie,
sheba,
GRINB
BETH,
tie, of St.
LOUGH-
Ma-
Bertie, •
(adDiike
ofAncas-
and mar.il736i , dau. of of L'f-
dau. of
Ber-
dau.
John's coll.
BY Ber-
ria,
ob. 21 Sept.
borD S
coh. Ca.ey, ofBraunston, CO. fington .
Rich.
tie,
ofEdw.
Oxon. A.M.
tie, 3d
dau.
1733.
Feb.
ter, &C.J
of Sir Line, niece of Sir Cecil ob. 21
Mead,
of
Payne,
1737 ; Rector
Earl of
of
3. William
16-83-4
bom 29
John Wray,Bt.d.l5Sept.l76-8. Jan.
M.D.
Line.
Esq. of
of West Deep-
Abing-
Sir
Bertie,
ob. at
Apr. 16-86,
surnmoDed
Brown- Lord Montagu Bertie, 1780.
mar. 14
Inn:
Twick-
ing, and Vicar
don, b.
John
A.M. Per-
Wol-
low, Cantain R. N. married
July
ob.
enham-
of Fallington,
28 No-
Col-
petual Cu-
fenbut-
by writ Ifa-
Marcb
Bart. 1736', Anne, dau. of Wil-
1731 ;
21
Wick,
CO. Lincoln :
vember
lins,
rate of
tle,
of ham Piers, Esq. M.P. for
died
June
Wilts :
and 1714, Rec-
1692 :
Knt.:
Long-
vita
1714-.5 as
Bel- -Wells: ob. 12 Aug. 1753.
13
1777,
niece
tor of Uffing-
ob. 10
mar.
Creiidon.
patris.
Lord ^\'il-
ton, Lord Robert Bertie,
Sept.
iet.
and
ton.
June
at
4. Henry
Ladv
lougbby
d'Eresby ;
CO. Col. Fusileers 1754: Ld.
1749.
68 :
heiress
Susan, mar. Edw.
1760.
Flo-
Bertie.
£liza-
Lin- of the Bedchamber to
[Gent.
bur.
of J.
Hales Esq
rence
5. John
Lord Lieu-
coin: K.Geo. 3. General in the
Mag.
at
Morse,
(brother of Sir
Aug.
Bertie.
L»dy'
tenant of
ob. Army, Col. 2d Horse
vol. Xix
Woo-
Esq. of
Christopher
1727 :
Bridget,
Klea-
CO. Lin-
26 Guards ; Gov. of Dun-
p. 429.]
burn.
ICoo-
Hales, Bart.)
ob 31
mar. to
coln ■.
Aug. cannon, in Ireland, M P. ,
iurn,
of Lincoln.
Dec.
Robert
Lady
1724-5 ;
1736. for Boston, CO. Line. mar. Charles Ber-
mar.
1763.
Coytmore,
Mary,
Lord War-
...., wid. of .... R^y- TIE, ob. 1780.
23 Dec.
Esq. of
ob. in-
den and
mond : ob. ! 1 Mar, 1782. Richard.
1736 :
Coytmore,
nupt.
Justice in
Lord Thomas Bertie, James.
ob. 13
CO. Car-
Eyre,north
Capt. of H. M. S. Win- Rev. Montagu
March
narvon.
of Trent,
Chester: ob. 27 Jul. 1749. Bertie, Recto
1765,
And eight
l7.-i4 : ob.
Lady Louisa Bertie, ofUffington.
!Pt. 60 :
children
1 January
mar. 1736 to Tho. Blood- Vere, ob. 1747
bur. at
died in in-
1742.
worth, Esq. Equerry to Bathsheea, ob.
H.R.H.FredPr.ofW'ales. 174;).
LADYELEANORA,ob.l748.
Woo-
burn.
1
fancy.
1 — \
1. Ro-
1 — ' 1 — — 1 — i — \ — 1 1
2. Peregrine ^Mary, 4. Brownlow Ber- Lady Mary,
1 — 1 r
Sophia I.Jame
2,WlL-=fCHAR
"z:xIl7z.
Bertie, 3d Duke
dau. of TIE, 5th Duke of An- mar. to Sam.
Bertie, b. 4 Nov.
Bertie, Bertie
LOUGII-
LOTT
mar. to Sir
Ber-
of Ancaster and
Tho- caster and Kesteven, Greatheed,
1737 : ob. 18
ob. 23 Lord
byBer-
dau. 0
f JohnGal-
Kesteven, &c.
mas &c. b. 1 Mav 1729, Esq. M.P.
Nov. 1738, bur.
Jan. Norreys
TIE,4th
Adm.
lini, Knt.
and'
Lord Lieutenant
Pan- succeeded his nephew for Covea-
at Wooburn.
1772, burnt to
Earl of
Sir
Lady Jane,
Geo.
of Lincolnshire
t.m, Robert in 1779: ob. try: ob.
Peregrine Ber-
ret. 28 death at Abing-
Peter
mar. 29
Ber-
1741 :Major-Ge-
Esq. 8 Feb. 1809, bur. at 1774.
tie, b 22 June
bur. at Rycot
don,b.
War-
Sept. 1760.
nerall745:Lieut.-
mar. Swinestead 17 Feb. Lady Al-
1 739, Ld.of Woo-
Woo- 12 Oct.
16 Jan.
ren,
to T. Clif-
ob.'
General 175.9 :
27 No- roar. 1st, Henrietta, BINlA,mar.to
burn Manor : ob.
burn. 1745.
1740 :
K.B.
ton, Esq.
inf.
Lord Great Cham-
vera- dau. and heir of Geo. F. Beckford,
12 Oct. 1782,
Louisa, 3. Pere-
ob. 26
mar.
ofLytham,
CO. Lane.
4.L0RD
berlain at the Co-
ber Morton Pitt, Esq. of Esq ob. s. p.
bur. at Wooburn.
niar. grine
Sept.
7 Jul
Albe-
ronation of Geo.
1750: Twickenham, 1 Nov. March 1774.
Albemarle Ber-
Fletcher Bertie
1799.
1768
ob. 1791.
marle
3. ob. 12 August
Mis- 176-2: ob. 23 April Lady Jane,
tie, born 17 Sep-
Rich- b. 13
ob. 28 Lady Brid-
Bek-
1773 ; mar. 1st,
tress 1763, s. p.; buried at mar. to Gen.
tember 1744,
ardson, -Mar.
Jan.
get, ob.
Elizabeth, dau. &
of the Swinestead: 2dly, Matthew:
tieneral: Col. 89
Esq. 1741 :
1794
innupt. 9
ob.'os
sole heir of Wil-
Robes Mary-Anne, dau. of ob. 1733.
Reg. : 9lh Earl of
H-NRI- mar.
Dec. IThO.
May
liam Blundell,
to Peter Layard, Esq. Lady Caro-
Lindsey, 8 Feb.
ETTA, 7 May
Lady Anne.
1763.
Esq. of Basing-
Queen 2 January 1769 ; LlNE,niar.to
1809 : Gov. of
mar. 1790..
LadyElea-
stoke, Si relict of
Char- ob. 13 January 1804, G. Dewar,
Blackness Castle :
Geo. Hutchir
s :
nora, mar.
Sir Ch;is. Gunter
lotte : buried at Swinestead. Esq. ob.
M.P. for Stam-
Ed- ob. 20A
"S-
7Jul.l766,
IMicol, K. B. ;
ob. 19 tP 1774.
ford : mar. 1st,
monds, 1798.
to Philip
0 I ' L^D-
Anne,
7Mayl7.94,Eliza-
Esq.
7th Vise.
1735 : ob. Dec.
1793. Mary-Elizabeth, ob. 1735,
Ma,ia,dau.ofW.
Wenman.
1743, s. p.
mar. 26 May 1793 to juv.
Vis. MiUiuL'town, eld.
sonofVVill.4thEarlof Scr
Portmore: ob. 10 s. 1
Clay, Esq. and
widow of Thomas
pe, Esq. shed. July
. ; 2dly, 18 Nov.
1806,
Lu.yMary,
b. 1746,
M'iles's.a-
February 17.97, at Cha
rlotte-busannah-Eliz. dau.
pleton.Esq.
Gr.msth'orue. of Chas. Peter Layard
DD.
Ladv Soph.
Dean of Bristol; wli
0 mar.
b. 1743;
, 14Aprll321, Re
V. Wm!
"b. 1760.
Pej;
us : d. 17 Sept. IK
^
innupt.
1
-^ r
1 — i ' — TT — 1 1 — 1 — 1
„ 1
Peregr
NE Thomas LadyMary Catharine, b.l 745 : Lady Char- Wit,-
Montagu =pE
.ILY, dau. HonP
eregrineBertie.
Wilioughby
BtRTiE.b 21 May ob. innupt. March 1767. LOTTE- LouG
I- BERTiE,5th ofGener.Ll Hon. and Rev. Fred.
BERTIE.Capt.
17-5.') :
«b. 12Dec. LadyPriscilla-Bardara-Ei,iza- Elizabeth. byBe
1- Earl of Ab- tl
e Hon. Bert
E, mar. 1825,
R N. lost in
1753.
BETH, b. 15 Feb. 1761, Baroness George- tie.
ingdon.Ba- Thomas Geor.
iaua, dau. of Ld.
the Satellite
Robert
BERTiE,4th Willoughby D'Eresby, 28 March Aug.-Tred.- Lo,d
rouNorreys Gage, and Mark Ken.-^
Sloop of War
Di.ke
if A nearer 1780, mar. 23 February 1779, to Albemarle, N.ir-
ofRvcot, s- "
sterofHen. Laoy
Charlott e b.
of 16 guns.
anHKc
steven,Mar- Sir Peter Burrell, Bt. since Lord 1 Otb Earl of reys
.. Ld. Lieut. V
iscount 1 1 Jn
n. 17.99.
29Dec.lS10,
(,uess a
ml Earl of Gwydir.-p Lindsey ; SFe
.. of Berks, G
age, mar. Lady Amelia, ob. 1784.
mar. Catl.er.-
Lin,l.,e
V, Harou Lauy Geuroiana-Chablotte, b. boru 4 Nov. 1779; High \ -2
7 August LadvLouisa-Anne-
Jane, dau. of
Will,. I
L-bl.v 7 Aui. 1-6-4, mar. 25 Apr. 17.91 1814. ob.
nf. Steward of | 1
807. Mar
;aret-Bridget.
Mr. Saun-
DEr.
I,» :' b. 17 (5en James 4th lisrl (aft. Marq.} Hon. Mon-
Abingdon,
Lady
Caroline, mar.
ders =p
Oct.
7.1;; .jh. 8 of Cholmondeley.^ tagu-Pere-
b. April
1821
to C. J. B. Ham-
H
Julv 1
-71) coclebs. GRISE.
M
1784.
ilton
Esq. Ap
sth.son.ob.inf
jtiTAGU Lord Noi
KEYS.
Several other child
NOTLEY ABBEY. . 237
Albemarle Bertie, Esq. Colonel of the 1st regiment of foot guards, the last possessor of Notley
of this family, on the decease of his third cousin, Brownlow Duke of Ancaster, succeeded to the
title of Earl of Lindsey, and was the ninth Earl; but in 1791 conveyed all his lands here, with
the site of the Abbey, to Mr. Henry Reynolds, Yeoman,' whose ancestors, previously of Cassing-
ton, CO. Oxon, had been tenants of Notley during many generations ; and at his death the estate
descended to his eldest son and heir, Mr. John Reynolds, who is the present possessor.
Notlei/ Abbey, being situated near the river Thame, was well supplied with fish by several
reservoirs still to be traced close to its ruins. The appearance of it when a greater portion of the
walls remained than at present, has been represented by Buck and others in various engravings.
Willis supposed an apartment, 88 feet by 23, on the south side of the quadrangle, now part
of a farm-yard, had been the refectory of the monks : at the east end are five pilasters, and at
the west end sculptured ornaments, called by architects " a corbel table." ^ The roof of this
hall was removed by the Bertics, who had resided here, to Chesterton, in Oxfordshire ; but the
west end, with large muUioned windows, remained when Browne Willis visited Notley. Con-
tiguous to the hall was a kitchen. Part of the building has been converted into a barn, the
walls reduced in height, and the windows and many of the arches destroyed. The cloisters,
more than thirty yards long and 22 feet wide, are supposed to have formed the eastern part
of the building ; the chapter-house 33 feet long and 18 wide ; the tower of the church beyond the
cloisters 22 feet square ; and an inclosure of about 132 feet by 70, probably the site of the church ;
give reason to suppose it a noble structure, suitable to the endowment of the Abbey. The bells were
removed to Crcndon.^ At the east end of the hall is an arched passage with circular columns,
having wrought capitals at the northern entrance ; but there are neither vaults nor cellars under the
hall or other buildings, as has been erroneously asserted. In the wall of a cowhouse east of the
([uadranglc, to which one of the pointed arches in Buck's view is the entrance, are many portions
of arches resting on pillars with sculptured capitals ; perhaps part of the chapter-house. Stone
coffins have been dug up, near the supposed site of the church. Parallel with the hall is a long
range of building, terminating in an hexagonal embattled tower of stone (represented in the
Initial), about 35 feet high, containing spiral stairs to the loft over the principal building,
where was found some years ago a large quantitv of rushes, dried and laid up in store, either
for the dormitories of the monks or to strew the floors.
After the dissolution, the abbey, being inhabited by the grantees of the estate, was altered
from time to time according to the taste or convenience of successive proprietors ; and many of
the fine old muUioned windows have been replaced with sashes. On the north side is a large
walled garden, probably once the private garden of the Abbat ; and contiguous, an orchard, in
which, and the meadow adjacent, are the foundations of extensive buildings. In the apartment
conjectured by Willis to have been the dining-room of the Abbats, which is 37 feet long by 18
wide, is a mullioned window opening to the staircase:'* on the wainscot R. R. (for Richard
Ridge, the last Abbat,) and the figure of a crozier : also on the cornice, " Time Deum : et
recede a malo : Rich. Ridge. Principium sapientiae est timor Domini." In the windows were
arms of the StafFords, "patched up after the dissolution," said Browne Willis;'' perhaps
' Arms of llejnolcls, Arg. a portcullis S. chained Az. " Lysons's Magn, Brit, vol i. p. 4S9. ' Page 217.
■1 Refectories or Fratries in Monasteries, had sometimes windows opening to the kitchen, through which the dishes
were served. Fosbroke's Encyclop. of Antiq. vol. i. p. 109.
s Willis's MSS.
238 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
placed here in compliment to Anne, wife of Henry, son of John Lord "Williams, and daughter of
Henry Lord Stafford.' The wainscot and heraldic decorations have heen removed, but the Staf-
ford knot and motto, ^ " En lui plcsa'c [plesance]," in black letter, round the cornice, remain.
In many of the lower walls are arches, some half buried in the ground : there is also a staircase
of oak with solid steps, probably coeval with the foundation of the monastery. Near the house
is a dove-cot 30 feet square and proportionably high.
The situation of the Abbey, though low, is not gloomy, and in its pristine state, surrounded by
verdant meadows, was undoubtedly an eligible retreat from the occupations and cares of the world:
yet it should never be forgotten, that in the cell and the cloister the worldly passions too often
found indulgence, that ambition, pride, revenge, and luxury, were not excluded from monastic
walls. Whilst, therefore, the destruction of a stately edifice, originally dedicated to the service of
religion, nmst be contemplated with reverence and regret : the introduction of industrious activity
instead of torpid indolence, and the exchange of empty ceremonials for the practical duties of
social life are forcibly inculcated by the ruins of Notley Abbey.
Mr. Reynolds, the proprietor, resides in the mansion ; and at a little distance* towards the west,
a very ancient water-mill, mentioned in the early history of Crendon, occupies its original site, and
is an interesting object to the antiquarian visitor.
' Sec p. '233. - Sec Lysons's Mag. Brit. vol. i. p. -l-SO, where is engraved the Stattbrd knot and motto :
the corbel table before noticed.
DORTON. 239
DORTON, DOURTON, or DORTONE,
seems to derive its name from its humid situation at the foot of the hills of Ashendon on the east,
Chilton on the south, and Brill on the v.-est ; having Wotton as its northern boundary.
It contains more than 1300 acres, chiefly of meadow and pasture : the soil stiff dark clay, inter-
mixed with sand and rubble.
THE MANOR
was at the Norman survey part of the possessions of Walter Giffard, retained in his own hands, as
five hides : sufficient for five ploughs ; two hides and a half in demesne ; and three ploughs ;
twelve villeins with six bordars had four ploughs ; three servants : pasture for three teams ; woods
for one hundred hogs ; altogether constantly rated at one hundred shillings. Alric, a Thane of
King Edward, held this manor before the Conquest, and could sell it.'
After the death of Walter Giffard, second Earl of Buckingham, the greater part of this seigniory
descended to the Mareschals, Earls of Pembroke,^ and in right of Isabel sister and coheiress of
those Earls, to Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester, who died in 1314, seised of one knight's fee
in Dorton ; ^ and passing by Margaret his daughter and coheir, to her second husband Hugh de
Audley, also Earl of Gloucester. The latter died in 1347, seised of one knight's fee here, held bv
John de Bermingham, at one hundred shillings rent : and of one fee and an half in Dorton and
Wotton, held by Paul Peyvre, John Zouche,and John Beauchamp, at 301^ so that he had evidently
united with the lands of the family of Clare, the remainder of the estate of the Giffards, which in
the partition of the inheritance had passed to the house of Valence, and of which Adomar de Va-
lence, Earl of Pembroke, and Mary his wife, died seised in 1323,^ as half a knight's fee. Being-
carried to the family of Stafford by the marriage of Margaret, daughter and heir of Hugh de Aud-
ley,^ it descended from Ralph Lord Stafford, who died seised, in 1373,'' to Hugh Earl of Stafford,**
and his successors ; — to Humphrey Duke of Buckingham ; and in 1459 came to John Stafford,
afterwards Earl of Wiltshire,^ and being granted by Edward Duke of Buckingham '° to Walter
Devereux, Esq. was afterwards confirmed to the latter by King Henry VIII., and at a subsequent
period was vested in the family of Dormer.
' Terra Walterij Gifard. In Ticheshele H'd. 00'. Ipse Walter!' ten' Dortone. P. v. hid. se def'd'. T'ra' e' vii. car". In
d'nio II. hidae et dim. et ibi sunt. ill. car'. Ibi. xii. uill'i cu' vi. bord'h'nt iiii. car". Ibi. in. serui. P'tu' iii. car. Silua. c.
pore'. In totis ualenf ual' et ualuit se'p' c. sol. Hoc CO' tenuit Alricus teign' regis E. et uende' pot'. Lib. Censual.
vol. i. f. MT.
" Pages 8 and 25 ; see also Crendon. 3 Esc. 8 Edw. II. no. 68. Cal. vol. i. p. 267.
* Esc. 21 Edw. III. no. 59. Cal. vol. ii. p. 138, and Cardigan MSS. * Esc. 17 Edw. II. no. 75. Cal. vol. i. d. 314.
' Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 751. ■ Esc. 4-6 Edw. III. no. G2. Cal. vol ii. p. 321.
« Ibid. 11 Ric. II. no. 38. Cal, vol. iii. p. 87. ' See Pedigree of Stafford, p. 28. "' Page 29.
240 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Mesne Lords. In or about 1164, the subfeudatory of Dorton was called Pagan ; and, although
Pat^an dc Dourton and Roesia his wife miglit he the same with Pagan son of Hugh de Beauchamp
and Roesia, daughter of Alberic de Vere, Justiciary of England, who were living about the same
period, it is to be remarked that the eldest son of Pagan de Beauchamp is, in the most authentic pe-
digrees, called Sijmon,^ but in a charter to Notley Abbey by Pagan de Dourton and Roesia his
wife, their son and heir is called IFiUiam,'^ and although the Beauchamps possessed lands here
soon afterwards, these were of another branch of that family, so that Pagan de Dourton is not
satisfactorily proved to have been the ancestor of that Robert dc Beauchamp, who, in 1234, toge-
ther with Sibil de Beriningham, held a knight's fee in demesne here of the honour of Giffard, of
Mareschal's portion.^ This Robert was the third of the name seated at Hache, and a portion of
Dorton descended through several generations of this family, until, in 1361, John Lord Beau-
champ dying without issue, his surviving sister Cecily, and his nephew John Meriet, son of another
sister deceased, were found to be his next heirs.
PEDIGREE OF BEAUCHAMP of HACCHE, in Somersetshire, and of DORTON.
Fruiii Dugdale and other authorities.
4MP, SlieriiT of Somerset and Dorset 9, and from 22 till 28 Hen. 2 : ob. 13 Joli =p
uciiAMP, son and lieir, in ward of Hubert de Burgli ; dead before 36 Hen. .i.^. ...
Devon,^.
I
John de Bkauciumi-, Governor of Carmanlien=f=CECiLY, dau. and coll. of Maud de Kyrae, dau. of William Ferrers, Earl of Derby, by Sibil, dau, and
and Cardigan Castles ; diedl2S3. | cob. of William Mareschal, Earl of Pembroke ; ob. 1320. [Pedigree of Maresciial, p. 201.]
Sir Johnde Beauchamp, Knt. Lord Beauchamp of Hacche, Governor of Bridgewater Castle ; sum. to Pari. 25 Edw. 1 to lOEdw. 3 : ob. 1326,=p
held a knight's fee iu Dorton. [Cardigan MSS.] |
Sin Joii.s- DE Br.AUCHAMP, Lord Beauchamp, sum. to Pari. 10 to 17 Edw. 3 ; ob. 1343.=^Margahet, ob. in Nov. ISfil.
John Lord Beauchamp, of age 25 Edw. 3.=Alice, dau. of Thos. Sir Roger DE=CECiLY,sist.and heir of=Ric. de Turbeville, WARGARET,=f
sum. to Pari, till 35 Edw. 3.: ob. 7 Oct. de Beauchamp, Earl St. Maur, John Ld. Beauchamp, of Bere-Regis, co. or I
1361, s. p. of Warwick. Knt. held Dorton in 137 1 . Dorset. Eleanor. |
1 '
John Meriet, coh. (with his aunt Cecily) of John Ld. Beauchamp: oh. 3 Ric. 2.
On a partition of the lands of John de Beauchamp in 1362, this manor was assigned to Cecily.'*
She was twice married; and in 1371 granted all her lands and tenements here, to Valentine atte
Forde, Capellane.5
In 1492 (8 Hen. VII.) an estate in Dorton was passed by fine between Edward Hastings, Knt.
and his wife, and Thomas Kebell — and Thomas Oxenbridge, Knt. and Frideswide his wife.^
In 1552, Henry Grey, of London, Gent, by indenture conveyed the manor of Dorton with Cren-
' Dodsworth's MSS. vol. iii. p. l.^S, and Dugd. Bar. toin. i. p. 2'23.
" See also Lib. Nig. Scaccar. vol. i. f. 189 ; and Kennel's Paroch. Antiq. vol ii. p. ij?.
■I Rot Ilund. 39 Hen. III. vol. i. p. 25.
' U. de assensu Ph'e Regine Angl. consortis R. carissime, q', &c. assignavit Cecilia un' sororum et her. Joh'is de Bello
Campo def. vid', CD' de Dourton cum pert. &c. Rot. Orig. 3tj Ed>v. III. ro. 3. Abbrev. vol. ii. p. 269.
s Dodsworth-s .MSS. vol 36, p. 22. Kennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 150, Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 25t.
* Rot. Fin. 8 lien. VII.
DORTON. 241
don 1 to William Dormer, Esq. of Thame,'^ and it afterwards descended with Chearsley to John
Dormer, Esq. eldest son of Robert Dormer, Esq. of Dorton, which John, if born in 1669, agree-
ably to some accounts, must have been the issue of his father's second marriage,^ although in seve-
ral old deeds his six younger brothers are stated to be of the half blood."* James Dormer, Esci.
younger brother, released, 5 April 1704, certain lands here to his brother John, as did hkewise
Philip, another brother, 4 April 1705, and at length James Dormer, Esq. only surviving, possessed
the inheritance, and, in 1741, bequeathed his estates to his maternal cousin Sir Clement Cottrell,
Knt.5 who took the name of Dormer; and by indentures 2 and 3 Nov. 1744, between Sir Clement
and Charles Cottrell, Esq. his son, and fines thereupon passed, this estate was settled; and in 1780
a conveyance was made to Robert Chester, Esq. by whom, in pursuance of an agreement, all the
property of Sir Clement Cottrell Dormer, Knt. in Dorton, with Chinkwell-wood, and lands in
Brill,^ were conveyed 1 May 1783, to John Aubrey, Escj. who having succeeded to the Baronetcy,
bequeathed by his will in 1826,^ all his estate, real and personal, in Dorton, to Elizabeth Sophia
(daughter of his next brother Thomas Aubrey, Esq. sometime M. P. for Wallingford) wife of
Charles Spencer Ricketts, Esq. and her heirs, as described in Boarstall and Brill.
Sibil de Bcrmingham's portion of this manor descended to William dc Bermingham, who
was slain at the battle of Evesham in 1264, in rebellion: but Isabel his widow possessing this
estate under the Diction de Kenilworth, which provided, that " women shall have their heritage
and dowry of the first Lord, and that the heir shall not be disherited," * held it until her death in
1284, when it was committed to Henry de Bray, the King's escheator, saving to Peter de Chalons,
second husljand of Isabel, all his rights.^ The King afterwards granted this manor to Roger
L'Estrange, by whom it was conveyed to Peter de Chalons, and the redemption being in the Crown,
the estate was by exchange restored to William de Bermingham, son of the former possessor,'" and
in 1312, William de Bermingham and Maud his wife passed a fine of Dorton with Walter de
Deyster ; " under which it is presumed that it became included In those four knight's fees in Hog-
ston and Dorton,'- of which John de Somery died seised in 1313. John de Bermingham, probably
son of William, was, however, in possession here in 1347,'^ as subfeudatory to the Earl of Glouces-
ter, and is said to have been succeeded by Sir Thomas, at whose death this estate seems to have
been divided, one portion passing by Elizabeth, his only daughter, to Thomas de la Roche, and by
their daughter Eleanor or Helen, to Edmund Lord Ferrers of Chartley, who dying in 1436, (15
Hen. VI.) was succeeded by his son William Lord Ferrers ; who, in 1450, died seised of a moiety
of Dorton,''* leaving Anne, his only daughter, then a minor, the wife of Walter Devereux, Esq.'^
who, in 1453, his lady being then fourteen years of age, obtained livery of her inheritance by spe-
cial grant. "^ In 1456 he was a Knight, and Sheriff' of Gloucestershire : in 1461 (2 Edw. IV.) was
summoned to Parliament as Lord Ferrers, of Chartley, and terminating his life in Bosworth field,
fighting for King Richard III., his estates were forfeited to the Crown.
The other moiety of the lands of the Berminghams here, having been passed in 1382, by a fine
between John de Bermingham and Elizabeth his wife, to Richard de Pury or Pyry, or Puryton,
■ Page 206. ^ Pedigree of Dormer, p. 119. = Ibid,
■i MSS. Deeds. s See Chearsley, p. 1 19. " Page 103.
" See BoARST.\LL, Brill, and Chilton. ° Statutes, vol. i. an, 51 Hen. 3.
3 Rot. Orig. 12 Edw. I. ro. 8, vol. i. p. 49 : see also Hogstok, and Pedigree of Bermingham.
■" Placit. 13 Edw. I. ro. 36. Abbrev. p. 208. " Rot. Fin. 6 Edw. II.
'^ Esc. 16 Edw. II. ro. 72. Gal. vol. i. p. 306. '^ Page 239.
'* Esc. 28 Hen. VI. n". 22 ; and Dugdale's Bar. torn. i. p. 266. '=■ Rot. Claus. 29 Hen. VI. m. 23.
'^ Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 266.
VOL. I. 2 I
242 ASHEXDON HUNDRED.
Clk. and others,' and called the ynanor of Dorton, was, in 1456, settled by a fine between Robert
Danvers and Katherine bis wife, and Matthew Have and John Cotesmere, on the said Katherine
Danvers for her life." Robert Danvers was of Culworth, co. Northampton, Justice of the Common
Pleas,3 married Katherine, daughter of Richard Quatcrmains, or Quarterman, of Rycot, co. Oxon,'*
and issue male failing, the estate having come into the possession of Henry Danvers (son of Sir
John Danvers, sometime Gentleman of the Privy Chamber to King Charles I. and afterwards one
of his inexorable Judges in the High Commission Court) was devised to his sister Anne, wife first
of Sir Henry Lee, Bart, of Ditchley, and secondly, of Henry Wilmot, Earl of Rochester, and at the
death of the Countess of Rochester one portion came to Eleanor her eldest daughter, and passed
in marriage to James first Earl of Abingdon;^ and being again divided, a moiety of the fourth part
of Dorton was eventually settled, about 1 7 1.3, on James Bertie, Esq. his second son, and John Burgh,
in trust for Henry Bertie, fourth son of the said Jauu^s. Henry Bertie and his second wife levied
a fine of lands here to the use of Edward Bertie his brother and James Kamc; and, the latter sur-
viving, conveyed the same (the widow and administratrix assigning her interest in a long term
granted to John Tash and others) to Richard Mitchell, who in 1760 resided at Dorton, and by in-
denture 31 July 1773, conveyed this estate to John Aubrey, Esq. The other portion, which after
the death of the Countess of Rochester passed through the hands of divers possessors, was con-
veyed by indenture between John Lord Paulet and others to John and Charles Dormer. Estj. in
]May 1702, and by lease and release 14 and 15 February next following, transferred to Thomas
Watson and William Vaux, Esq. and after the death of the former,*^ was, in or about 1779, pur-
chased by John Aubrey, Esq. and passed by the will of Sir John Aubrey, Bart, as before men-
tioned.'
Lincoln College Lands. The tithes of the demesnes of Dorton were granted to the Convent
of Longueville, in Normandy, by Walter GifFard Earl of Buckingham, the founder ; and are men-
tioned in the confirmation Charter of Walter, second Earl, and Ermengard his Countess. These
tithes, continuing to belong to that house until the suppression of Alien Priories in the time of
Henry V,, were afterwards vested In the Crown ; and being in the next reign In the hands of Sir
John Bucktot^ whether by grant or purchase is unknown, were by him given with the Manor of
Little Policote » in 1450 (29 Hen. VI.) to Lincoln College, Oxford, and about 20 acres here still
belong to the Rector and Scholars, and are held under lease by the possessor of the Manor and
principal estate of Dorton.
THE VILLAGE
Is in a low secluded situation, and merits no particular description. The number of inhabitants
In 1811 was 124; In 1821 only 133; comprising 30 families inhabiting 23 houses; in 1826
inhabitants 170; in 1598 assessment to the Provision for the Royal Household 9*. 4^/. besides
Mr. Dormer's estate 3/. 9s. lOr/.
In 1776 expenses of the poor 23/. 11*-. Id; In 1783, 80/. 8,v. \\d. ; in 1785, 87/. 14a\ ; in
1S22, 253/. 4*. ; in 1824, 227/. 18,v. In 1815, Property Tax on the principal estate 243/.
■ Hot. Fin. 6 Ric. II. Willis's MSS. ' Ibid. 35 Hen. VI. ^ Willis's MSS.
< r.ridgcs mentions the first wife oi Thomas Danvers, of Calthorpe, co. Oxon, as the daughter of Quartremains ;
"1)1. i. p. 163. In otlier accounts this place is called Colthorp, co. Berks. See page SU, note ; in which is a misprint
of Walter Ikierly for William Bruly, a family allied to Danvers, in whose pedigree are numerous obscurities and con-
tradictions in the accounts delivered by Bridges, Kimber, and Bctham. -■■ See Pedigree of Beutie, p. 23-t.
'' Thomas Watson was buried at Dorton 28 Mar. 1761', and Major John Watson 10 July 1799. Parochial Regist.
' Page 'J 11. 8 Page 32.
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DORTON. 243
Dorfon Park, in the north-east part of the parish, formerly an inclosure for deer, contiguous to,
or perhaps taken out of Bernwode Forest, is represented in a map bearing date 1530, but the
time of its original inclosure and of its being converted into meadow land, are alike unknown.
Dorton Camp is a farm on the summit of a hill on the southern border of the parish, said to
be the site of an ancient Roman or perhaps British encampment : but the original form and
extent of the castrametation can no longer be traced ; and history and tradition are both silent
respecting it.
DORTON HOUSE,
like many other capital mansions, was probably so distinguished when the demesnes belono'ing
to it were very inconsiderable in extent. It is situated on low ground near the Parish Church,
and is flanked with plantations and groups of forest trees. The house seems to have been erected
on a very ancient foundation, about the beginning of the seventeenth century, by Sir John
Dormer, Knt. and a large apartment, reputed to have been formerly a chapel, was floored with
square pavements^ having the arms of Dormer embossed thereon, and others with a human
eye in the centre of a star radiated, one half plain, the other wavy, the crest of the family of
Blount, ancestors of Dame Katherine Dormer.' On the principal staircase, which has mas-
sive balustrades, pinnacles, and carvings, is the date 1626. The house is in the shape of the
Roman H ; its principal front to the S. E. and was modernized and improved about 1784, by
Sir John Aubrey, Bart, a lanthorn-shaped cupola with a large turret clock being then removed
from the roof, and a balustrade placed on the parapet, which, with other alterations, have given to
this seat the appearance represented in the accompanying engraving, from a drawing obligingly
presented by Charles Spencer Ricketts, Esq.
That constant appendage to old English houses the long gallery still remains, exceeding 120 feet
in length, and containing many family portraits. Amongst these an old gentleman and his lady in
one frame, in black damask embroidered ; the former in a gown tufted and welted, a white vest
pointed before, slashed sleeves ; his hair grey, beard long and bushy. The lady, whom he holds
by the left hand, in a close robe, sleeves pufted and trimmed ; deep cuffs of lace ; over her cap a
transparent veil. These are supposed the portraits of Dr. William Aubrey, Professor of Law at
Oxford, Master of the Court of Requests, &c. in 1595, and Willifred his wife.^
An aged man with pointed beard, in black cap turned up with white, quilled ruff, white cufts ;
seated in a red chair, holding a black staff with a gold top ; tet. 74, A. D. 1637 ; probably Sir
Thomas Aubrey, Knt., whose wife. Dame Mary, is in another picture in a dress of Queen Eliza-
beth's time, with a rich necklace of sapphires, diamonds, and pearls : 1603, ait. 35. She was
heiress of the Mansels, and brought Llantrithyd estate to the Aubreys.
Sir John Aubrey, 2d Bart. ; on his right hand Mary his 2d wife, daughter of William Lewis,
Esq. by whom came the Boarstall estate ; and on his left, his first wife Margaret daughter of Sir
John Lowther, Bart, seated, and a small spaniel approaching her.
Sir Thomas Aubrey, 5th Bart, and Dame Martha his wife.^
A head of Thomas Digby Aubrey, Esq. since 7th Bart.
At one of the ends of this gallery is an elegantly designed window, with the representation of
■ See Pedigree of Dormer in Ciiearsley, p. 119. ' See Pedigree of Aubrey,
3 See the Pedigree.
244 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Nigel killing a wild boar in Bcrnwode Forest ; and also the presentation of the boar's head to
the King, who is standing under an oak, with his crown on his head, surrounded by attendants.'
In the 'same window the arms of Aubrey 6th Bart, quarterly with Mansel and Lewis, and of his
two wives, Colehroke and Cartel', on escutcheons of pretence.^
Over the chinmey in the drawing-room, which is an elegant apartment tastefully decorated
is a portrait of Mary first wife of John Aubrey, afterwards 6th Bart. In the breakfast-parlour
his own portrait ; also that of his infant son playing with a lamb.^ Thomas Aubrey, Esq. next
brother of the 6th Bart, and father of Mrs. Ricketts, of Dorton, in his uniform as Major of the
44th Reg. Fiennes Trotman, Esfj. of Shelswell, co. Oxon (a striking hkeness) ; a robust healthy-
looking country gentleman in a plain suit of light gri-y, and a close wig ; Hester-Louisa his
daughter, first wife of Philip Thomas Wykeham, Esq. of Tythorpe, co. Oxon.
Over the door of the hall, which as well as the dining-room is very spacious, were formerly the
arms of Dormer quarterly,'' with this motto, " Stimulos habit cvmula virtus."
THE ADVOWSON AND IMPROPRIATE RECTORY.
The Church was originally appended to Chilton and included in the grant of the Founder to
Notley Abbey,5 and is mentioned in the confirmation charters of Walter Giffard Earl of Bucking-
ham and Ermengard his Countess, and in those of Henry II. and King John, to the same foun-
dation.<5 In or about 1164 (11 Hen. II.) Pagan dc Dourton having given a virgate of land and a
messuac;e to the chapel here, William his son, and llocsc mother of the said William, confirmed
that donation and added two acres of demesne ; and being thus endowed the Lord Abbat of the
Park, to whom belonged the Mother Church of Chihon, granted to the Chapel of Dorton full
services and a resident priest with rights of sepulture here, by a deed to which David de Ailesbcri,
Robert de Grcinvill, and others were witnesses.^ This grant was afterwards confirmed by Robert
de Burnham, Archdeacon of Bucks, circ. 1188.^ In Pope Nicholas's Taxation, circ. liDl, the
chapel was valued with Chilton at 71. 6s. Sd.^ The impropriation and advowson being vested in
the Abbats, &c. of Notley, so continued until the dissolution, in the reign of Henry VIII. when
the farm of the rectory was estimated at 14/. 13^. 4d. per ann. and together with the advowson,
being at the disposal of the Crown, they were granted by patent in 1542, to the Dean and Chapter
■ See p. 55.
' In 1634', among the coats in the windows of this gallery, were -.—Dormer. Dormer impaling Herbert. Dormer im-
paling nine coats, viz. 1. Sable, three bars nebulfe Or, in chief three Bezants. 2. Azure, a tower machicolated and
cmbaUled, thereon three flags, Or. 3. Sable, a pale Argent. 4. Or, a lion rampant Sable ; but according to Willis a
greyhound saliant, per pale Argent and Sable. [MSS. vol. iv.] 5. Vaire. [Willis.] 6. Argent, two wolves passant
Sable, within a bordure Gules. [Or, scmefc of cross crosslets Gules. Willis.] 7. Azure, a chevron between three
nha:ons Or. 8. Argent, a fcss dancctto componc Gules and Sable [paly often ; Willis] between three mullets pierced
of the Last. Dormer impaling Blount. Dormer impaling Rede and Brockett quarterly. Spillcr impaling Dormer.
.Aubrey, Lewis, and South, quarterly, impaling Lowt/ier. Aubrey with the date 1692, and motto Solem fero. Aubrey
impaling Lowther : and hatchments with Dormer impaling Bertie, Dormer, Forster, and others, quarterly. Hark
MSS. 1533, 211.
5 This interesting child was unfortunately poisoned by an accidental intermixture of arsenic with his food.
« Willis's MSS. ' See Notley, p. 226, and Chilton, p. 138.
'= Cart, inter Collect. Hen. Spclman in Monast. Angl. vol. vi. p. 278, and Rot. Cart. 1 Joh. ro. 13 Cal. p. 7.
- Ex Regist. dc Notley, inter MSS. Glover in Mus. Ashm. Oxon.
» Kennefs Paroch. Antiq. vol. ii. p. ■1-57. ' Taxat. P. Nic. IV. p. 3t.
DORTON. 245
of Oxford, as " parcel of the possessions of Notley Abbey :'" and when the cathedral church was
established in 1546, the Parsonage oi Durtone, then valued at 9/. 6s. M. was made part of its en-
dowment :- and the Dean and Canons of Christ Church, or their lessees, have ever since possessed
the rectorial estate, and patronage of the church. The glebe consists of 45 ac. 3 r. 21 p. called
Dry Ground, adjacent to Chilton, and with the tithes of Dorton is at present held by lease for lives
under the Dean and Canons, by the proprietor of the principal estate here.^
After the Reformation, Queen Elizabeth, in 1573, granted to Christopher Fenton and Bernard
Gilpin, of London, on the petition of George Darcy, Esq. and payment of a sum of money, half
an acre of land in Dorton, formerly given to maintain a lamp in the church, a butt of land left to
St. John's light, one rood for the Rood light here, and half an acre in Dorton left to support a
light in Chilton church.^ In 1585, the Queen, on the petition of Sir James Croft, Knt. Comp-
troller of her Household, granted to John Walton and John Cresset, Gent, inter alia, two roods of
land here, also left to maintain lights in the church.^
The Perpetual Curacy, discharged from the payment of first fruits and tenths, was certified of
the clear annual value of 31L 13s.; the stipend of the Minister 6/. 13s. 4rf.'' The real value is
stated in the account of Ashendon, with which curacy this benefice has been usually held by the
same incumbent, who being presented by the same patrons, and at the same time, they are consi-
dered as consolidated.
In a terrier of " Dourton, dated 20 April, 1680,"' the only possession belonging to the church
is " a house of about three bays." In another without date, signed C. Kipling, Minister," and
countersigned Luke Heslop, Archdeacon, are the following particulars : " A Prayer-book and
Bible : a Prayer-book for the clerk : Homilies ; Registers of marriages, and of baptisms and burials :
a green cloth : a linen one ; a napkin for the communion table : silver cup : pewter flagon and
plate : surplis, pulpit-cloth, and cushion : a pall, a bier, and a chest." The Register begins in 1694.
THE CHURCH
is dedicated to St, John Baptist, a feast being formerly kept on the Sunday after Midsummer. The
building is of rough stone, capable of containing only about 150 persons, has a tiled roof, with a
little turret of wood on the western gable, surmounted with a cross ; and containing three small
1 Willis's History of Cathedrals, vol. ii. p. 419 ; see also Ashendon, p. 35.
" Had. MSS. n". 4316, f. 56, 6, and Monast. Angl, vol. ii. p. 168. ^ Yrom information of the Incumbent.
* Rot. Pat. 15 Eliz. Test. 19 Feb. s Ibid. 28 Eliz. Test. 12 April. « Eaton's and Bacon's Lib. Valor.
" Willis's MSS. » See Ashendon, p. 36, and the List of Perpetual Curates.
246 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
bells, and a saint's bell. On the south side is a short aisle, separated from the nave by two pointed
arches, supported by piers and one octagonal column. This is said to have been erected as a seat
or pew for the lords of the manor.' Between the nave and chancel is an open screen of wood : at
the south end of the aisle a square headed window of two lights, under a plain moulding, and " it
formerly contained tlie figure of a bishop or abbat with his mitre and crozier." The other windows
are very small, and the interior dark and gloomy, wholly destitute of ornament, excepting a lofty
pyramidal octagon cover of a plain columnar font, on which is the following inscription : " A gifte
to butyfie the House of God. Thomas Harryson, A. D. 1G31."
The only monumental record in the church is a grave stone for Jane Hedges, who died 14 July,
1802, aged 68, and Jane, daughter of William and Jane Smith, who died 5 June, 1771, aged 16.
The entrance is under a pointed arch, beneath a low porch on the south side, near which is an
altar tomb for some of the family of Watson.
THE CHALYBEATE SPA,
a spring issuing from an eminence, part of the Brill-hills," has recently gained some celebrity from
the erection of baths, and other accommodations for the reception of company. — The discoloration
of the turf by oxyde of iron, and the taste of the water (which had long obtained for it the name of
The Alum-Well) were generally known by the inhabitants of the neighbourhood, but little was
heard of its medicinal effects, unless from its occasional use in cutaneous diseases and the custom of
washing mangey dogs in the water, until modern improvements in the roads, increased facilities of
communication, and the march of intellect, concurred to invite an influx of visitors, since which the
number of persons resorting to the spring " became so great, and the injury done to the fences and
herbage so serious (in a district abounding with game, always regarded with peculiar jealousy), that
it was judged proper' to restrain the peasantri/ who /locked thither to one path, and to regulate
the supply of water -^ of which it is said, that the well being enclosed, from fifty to one hundred
gallons were disposed of daily at a fixed price. A pump-room and baths were built from the design
of the Tower of the Winds at Athens, with decorations from the Temple of Jupiter Stator at Rome,
and twelve acres of land contiguous, laid out for the use of the visitors of the spring ; confident
hopes being entertained that Dorton would soon rival other watering places of fashionable resort,
and that " many a line of villas would speedily grace the spot."* A depot or agency office was
likewise opened in London for the sale of the water, a chemical analysis of its contents printed,'^ and
several extraordinary cases published to recommend the Dorton Spa as eminently efficacious in
nervous diseases in general, hysteria, indigestion, cachexy, chlorosis, bilious affections, hcemorrhages,
worms, profuse perspirations from debility, rheumatism, intermittent fevers, ague, St. Vitus's dance,
dropsy, besides externally in cutaneous diseases, herpes^ tinea-capitis, scorbutic and scrofulous
diseases, inveterate ulcers, lumbar abscess, and even in those opprobria medicorum, cancer, leprosy,
and total blindness!'^ Time must determine whether these sanguine expectations will be realized.
' Willis's MSS. 2 See pages 95, 96. 3 Local Guide, p. 16. * Ibid.
5 An imperial pint of the water is said to contain, of sulphate of lime 11 gr. 5 parts, muriate of soda, 1 gr. 4 parts
sulphate of alumine, 2 gr. 1 part, and sulphate of iron 10 grains, being 25 grains of saline contents, with traces oi
nitrogen gas, carbonic and sulphuric acids and silex in minute quantities; and, according to some chemists, Iodine ;
and shewing that the iron huld in solution in this water is much greater in quantity than in any other chalybeate spring
in England. fi Ibid, pp. 20 to 45.
GRANDBOROUGH. 247
GRA^^DBOROUGH,
anciently Graneberge or Greneberge, probably from a swelling hill or rising ground on which the
village is built, is on the northern verge of the modern hundred of Ashcndon, bounded on the
north by Winslow, on the east by Swanbourne, south by North-Marston, and west by East Clay-
don, and contains about eleven hundred acres of arable, pasture, and meadow land ; the soil being a
clayey loam with gravel.
THE MANOR
was part of Winslow, and included in the royal demesnes of the Mercian Kings, and towards the
close of the eighth century (circ. 79(3) was given with the manor of Winslow by King Ofta to the
Abbey of St. Alban's. In an account of benefactions to that religious house, it is elsewhere stated
that,Grandborough was " dedicated to God and St. Alban," by " Egelwine, the Sivarte, and ffi/n-
Jiede his wife," in the time of Edward '' the last before the Conquest." '
In the Domesday survey it is recorded amongst the possessions of the Abbey of St. Alban's, rated
at five hides, and containing land for nine ploughs. In the demesne were two, and seven villeins
with four bordars had seven ploughs. There was one servant and pasture for two teams. The
total amount was one hundred shillings, and the same in the time of the Confessor, but when first
given to the Abbey 4/. ^
It was held in free alms^ until the dissolution of monasteries : having been enumerated with
" ff'estwicam, Ifyneslaive, Slapton, and Horwode, with the forest and chase ; and lands in Middle-
ton-Keynes," amongst the possessions of the Abbey confirmed to the Church by the charter of King
Henry II. dated at Winchester.^
In the reign of Richard II. when the insurgents under Wat Tyler and Jach Straiv threatened
destruction to the Abbey of St. Alban's, many of the inhabitants of " Wyncelow, Grenebourgh, and
other manors belonging to that church^ joined those rebels: and after the suppression of the tu-
mults, the King issued a proclamation, commanding all persons, bond or free, who owed suit or
sei-vice to the Abbat and Convent, to perform the same, under pain of forfeiting all their goods." ^
After the Dissolution of the Abbey, Grandborough, as well as Winslow, was vested in the
Crown, and included in a grant by Queen Elizabeth in 1598,^ for a valuable consideration, to Sir
John Fortescue, Knt. of Salden ; ^ and descending to his son and heir, Sir Francis Fortescue, Knt.
and Bart., the latter with Alice his wife and John Fortescue, Esq. their son and heir, made a con-
■ Monast. Anglic, vol.ii. 219. ex MSS. Cotton, in Mus. Brit.
' Terra S'c'i Albani. In Votesdon Hund. Abbas de S'c'o Albano ten' Grenesberga. P. v. hid' se def 'd'. T'ra e' ix.
car'. Ind'nioii.hidaE, etibisunt II. car", et VII. uiiri cu' iiii. bord' h'nt VII. car'. Ibi un" scruus. P'tu' i;. car'. Int' tot'
ual' c. sol. Q'do recep' mi. lib.' T. R. E, c. sol. Hoc CD' jacuit et jacet in d'nio a^ccl'ae S. Albani. Lib. Censual. vol.
i. f. 145.
J Grenebur" Abb' de S'c'o Albano ten' in pura elem. Test, de Nevill, p. 245. ■* Monast. Anglic, vol. ii. p. 228.
5 Cotton. MSS. Claud. E. 4^ f. 314, and Monast. Anglic, vol. ii. p. 198. ^ Ibid.
' Rot. Pat. 48 Eliz. " See Mursley and Salden and Pedigree of Fortescue.
248 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
veyance in 1619 (17 Jac. I.) of this manor and others, to George Vilhers, Marquess of Bucking-
ham,' who in 1623 was advanced to a Dukedom, and being assassinated at Portsmouth by Felton
in 1628, this estate, inter aha, descended to his son George, the second of that name and family,
Duke of Buckingham ; who, by indenture, 24 Dec. 1675, between the said Duke, of the first part,
Edward Seymour, Esq, Speaker of the House of Commons, of the second part, Martin Clifford,
Esq. and Thomas Spratt, D. D. of the third part, conveyed the manor of Grandborough and other
lands in mortgage ; and the mortgagees having afterwards assigned their title to Nicholas Goodwin,
Esq. about nine years after the decease of the Duke of Buckingham, an act of parliament was passed
in 1697 ^ to enable the said Nicholas Goodwin, and his son, Nicholas Goodwin the younger, to dis-
jiose of the manor of Winslow, and with the produce thereof to purchase other lands : and
accordingly Grandborough was conveyed, with Winslow, to William Lowndes, Esq. Secretary of
the Treasury, who died seised in 1723-4 ;3 and being succeeded by his son and grandson, this
estate has passed in the same manner as Winslow, to their descendant, William Selhy-Lowndes,
Esq. of Whaddon Hall, the present possessor.
MANOR OF BIGGING, OR BIG-END.
Bigend or Bigging Manor or Farm, in Greenburgh, part of the possessions of the dissolved
Abbey of St. Alban's, was granted, inter alia, by King Henry VIII. by patent dated 12 Mar. 1;'539,
to Richard Breame, Esq. and Margaret his wife, for term of their respective lives, from Michael-
mas then preceding, and to the survivor, at 50/. 16,v. \^d. for all the lands thereby granted.
King- Edward VI. by patent 28 June, 5 Edw. VI. under the great seal of the Augmentation
Office, demised to Benedict Lee, Esq. the manor of Biggend (excepting woods, wards, &c. as
Ijcfore reserved) for 21 years at lOZ. per ann. and King Philip and Queen Mary, in consideration
of 206/. 16.V. 0;^^/., granted to Benedict Lee the reversion of the same, which had been previously
demised by the Abbat of St. All.'an's to John Duncombc.-i In 1598 it was assessed under the
name of " Biggon Farm " to the " provision of l)eeves and nmttons for the Royal household " at
71. \Ss. 3^/.^ and in 1620 Sir Thomas Lee, Knt. was rated at 30/. per ann. for Bigend Farm. In
1677 Martha Jones, alias Sandford, of Epperton, co. Notts, and others, conveyed to Sir Robert
Clayton, Knt. Alderman of London, and John Norris, Esq. in consideration of 4,119/. 3*. 4^/. the
manor and farm called Bi/gi/ii or Bcrr>/-Farm, and lands in Grandborough and Winslow ;'^ and
being subsequently purchased under the provisions of an act of parliament for the sale of the
estates of George Villicrs, second Duke of Buckingham,' came to the late William Lowndes-
Selbv, Esq. and has become vested in his successor, William Selby-Lowndes, Esq. together with
the manor and estate of Grandl)orough.
In 1795 an act of parliament was passed for dividing and inclosing the open and common fields
of this parish,'' in which William Selby, Esq. was described as lord of the manor, Mary Baroness
Fermanagh proprietor of certain tithes, the Vicar of East Claydon entitled to other tithes here,
and the Vicar of Grandborough to certain glebe, common-rights, and all vicarial tithes within the
])arish, or to moduses, &c. in lieu thereof : and to these, together with Philip Box, Esq. James
Burnham, Benedict Holland, and others, possessed of the residue of the lands to be inclosed,
allotments under the act were severally and respectively awarded.
See Pedigree of Villiers. ^ Stat, 8 and 9 Will, and Mary, pr. c. 13.. ' Winslow and Pedigree of Lowndes.
Rot. Pat. 3 and 4 Ph. and Mar. Test. 25 Jun. ^ Roll 48 Eliz. ' Test. 11 Dec. 29 Car. II.
Stat. 9 Will. Ill, c 13 pr. " Stat. 36 Geo. III. c. 36. pr.
GRANDBOROUGH. 241)
The village contains nothing particularly worthy of description. The number of inhabitants in
1821 was returned at 202. Expense of the poor in 1776 was 49/. 5s.: in 1784 was 115/. \'3s. 6d.-,
in 1822, 495/. 6s.; and in 1825, 478/. I7s.
THE ADVOWSON AND VICARAGE.
This church was originally a chapel of ease to Winslow, and probably so continued long after
the latter with its members (for Little Horwood also belonged to it) had been given to St. Alban's
abbey. These, with Aston Abbats, belonged to that religious house until its dissolution : but in
1541 were made part of the diocese of London, being exempted from the jurisdiction of the
Bishop of Lincoln, within whose diocese they had been previously included, though partaking of
a peculiar privilege of the Abbats of St. Alban's, who exercised spiritual authority here ; for an
agreement had been made in 1219 between Hugh Bishop of Lincoln and the Abbat of St. Alban's,
that the Bishop and his successors should not interfere with the appropriation and ordination of
any Vicar in churches belonging to that abbey, which the Abbat and Monks might appropriate to
their own proper use, and of which they might endow and assign a Vicar.^
The impropriation being given to the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's Cathedral, its ecclesiastical
government has been ever since vested in the Bishop of London ; and subject to the authority of
the Archdeacon of St. Alban's : the patronage of the Vicarage being reserved to the Crown, and
the presentation made, by custom, as a living under a certain value, in his Majesty's name, by
the Lord Chancellor, or Keeper of the Great Seal. In the valuation of King Henry VIII. this
Vicarage is rated at 10/. per ann. including a pension of 2/. to the Refectory of St. i^lban's : an-
other of 16a-. to the Rector of Hardwick : another of 2s. to the Parson of Wingrave, and lis. 4(1.
for procurations and synodals to St. Alban's abbey: the clear value being 61. 7s. 8d. per ann. and
the tenths I2s. lO^I. payable to the Crown.^ In another account of Grenehoroughe Vicarage, it
was returned at 8/. per ann. clear ; ^ but it is discharged from first fruits and tenths : of
the certified value of 40/., Archidiaconals 6</., synodals 6^/., tenths 16^.3^., and is included in
the Rural Deanery of 31iireslei/, although the latter is Included in the Diocese of Lincoln.
In 1567 Queen Elizabeth demised to Thomas Audley the Rectory and Church of Greneborough,
cum pert, late parcel of St. Alban's monastery dissolved, (excepting the Advowson of the Vicarage,
great trees, mines, &c.) from Lady-Day, for 21 years, at 3/. 6s. Sd. per ann.'^ and in 1573 the
Queen, for faithful services, on the petition of Thomas Earl of Ormonde and Ossory, granted to
Hen. Welbie, Esq. of Gauxhill, and Geo. Blythe, Gent, of London, the reversion of the said Rec-
tory, with the reserved rents, for ever, by fealty as of the manor of East Greenwich.^ In 1585 the
Queen, at the request of Sir James Crofts, Knt. Comptroller of her Household, granted to John
Walton and John Cresset, Gen. two small closes in Grandborough, valued at 1*'. left for an obit In
the Church.^
In or about 1797, an allotment of lands here which had been made to Mary Baroness Fer-
managh imder the Inclosure Act,' were alienated to Freeman "Williat, Yeoman, who likewise pos-
sessed other lands, formerly belonging to the family of Holland, in this parish.
Matt. Paris, p. 1061. ' Val. Eccles. Hen. VIII. vol. iv. p. 231. ' Ibid. vol. i. p. i53.
Rot. Pat. 10 Eliz. Test. 29 May. * Rot. p^t. 15 Eliz. Test. 12 Dec. ' Rot. Pat. 28 Eliz. Test. 12 AprI
Stat. 16 Geo. III. c. 36.
VOL. 1. 2 k
250
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
The administration of wills of persons inhabiting Grandborough, and the other parishes in this
County subject to the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the See of London, are proved in the Archidia-
conal Court at St. Alban's, and the originals deposited " in a wooden cupljoard in the presbytery
behind the high altar in the abbey church, in the custody of the Registrar, unless proved during
the inhibition of the Bishop of London, including three months once in four years: when probates
of wills and letters of administration are granted in the name of the Bishop, and the originals
deposited in the Registry of the Bishop's Court in London." '
WlLLl^nf BiiACEV, dk-d J'icar in 1.308; and was
succeeded by
Thomas Broke in 1509, who willed (1515) to be bu-
ried " in Sc. John Baptist's cliurch at Grandborough."
BklKtrd Thorpe, 1.534 and 1535.
Willidm TiL-ell, 1548 and 1553. He was buried here
30 April, 1589, having, on account of his great age,
resigned to
John Boicton, who was instituted 15 July, 1585, on
the presentation of the Crown. He was buried here
23 Sept. 1588, and succeeded by
Fulk Oicen 13 ^W. 1588, who was buried here 28
Feb. 1624, and succeeded by
John Tireman, A. M. 22 Oct. 1625 ; who was after-
wards Rector of St. Mary Woolchurcli, London.
Benjamin Beynolds, A. M. instituted 7 June 1639,
quitted this living for Wyllien, and was succeeded by
Xnlhiuinl Cruu-chcr, 26 Sept. 1652, who quitted for
Jhslicp's Stoitford, CO. Herts,^ 13 Sept. 1662, and died
in 1680.
JonatJian Anderson succeeded 20 Nov. 1662; died
1677, and was buried here without any memorial.
Reginald Biirdyn, 9 Oct. 1677. He was Rector of
Cheddington, and resigned this Vicarage to
Nathaniel Anderson, A. B. 9 Feb. 1681; who quitted
for the Rectory of Hawridge 1692.
John Crofts, A. M. 18 Dec. 1693; also \'icAr of
^^'inslow. He died in April, 1716.
William Hilton, 10 July, 1716, was buried here 19
Feb. 1727, and succeeded by
Thomas Martin, A. INL instituted 21 Feb. 1727-8.
He was of Pembroke college, Oxon, A.M. 5 Uec.
1720, also Minister of Litde Brickhill.
John Rauiione, instituted 6 Aug. 1756, on the pre-
sentation of the King. He was of Magd. hall, Oxon.
A.M. 9 May, 1765; also Vicar of Winslow ; and at
his death was succeeded by
Anthony Hinton, instituted 22 Feb. 1775, on the
presentation of the King. He is (1830) also Minister
of Norwood, in ^Middlesex.
THE CHURCH,
dedicated to St. John Baptist, consists of a square tower, nave, and chancel. The latter having
been rebuilt at the expense of John de la Moote, Abbat of St. Alban's between 1396 and UOl,^
was destroyed in the Civil Wars of Cromwell, and, according to some accounts, by Cornelius Hol-
land, of whom Mr. Cole says that, " from a scullion in the royal kitchen he rose up to be clerk of
it : afterwards had a place in the Green Cloth ; and from picking the King's purse, and a sop in
the dripping-pan, the Devil entered into him, and prompted him to betray and condemn his master:
and having murdered the possessor, cast the heir out of the vineyard. Judas was l)ut the type of
him, Cornelius the original I The rogue, reeking in royal blood, enriched with plunder, was in-
vested with a good share of that authority which he fought against, and wrested from his master,
friend, and sovereijjn. Grunhorouiih, infamous for his birth, ought to have some mark of his
' Returns printed by order of the House of Commons 16 .'\pril, IS'Ji), p. 61.
- Clutterbucks Hist, of Herts, vol. iii. p. '155. ^ Monast. Anglic.
f- GRANDBOROUGH. 251
power and zeal." ' And the writer then proceeds to ascribe to him the destruction of the chancels
of Winslow, Addington, and East Claydon, as well as of this at Grandborough. The entrances
are on the south side, under a gable-roofed porch, and on the north by a plain door-way. At the
west end of the tower is another dooi-, and above it a mullioned window with two cinquefoil-hcaded
lights and a quaterfoil in the point of the arch between them. In the upper story of the tower arc
four square-headed windows : on each side of the nave, three, with trefoil-headed lights ; and in the
chancel one window on each side, with mullions. At the east end is a high pointed arch, with a
mullioned window of three cinquefoil-headed lights and trefoils above them. On the north side of
the chancel is a narrow door under a pointed arch ; the roof of the chancel being much higher
than that of the nave.
In the south wall of the chancel is a niche for a piscina under a trefoil arch.
The font is ancient, with a circular bason on a short round column ; the reading desk carved.
The old Communion Table, removed from its place in the time of the Commonwealth, still
remains in the middle of the chancel.
The register, commencing in 1538, is in remarkably good preservation; but, although it confirms
the account given by Cole of numerous entries of the name of Holland, no mention is made of
Cornelius.'^
PAROCHIAL CHARITIES.
The only permanent Charitable Benefaction here, is a rent charge of 8«. per ann. settled by some unknown
person upon poor widows, and in 1786 vested in John Hewit ; ^ but on the last leaf of the most ancient register is
the following memorandum :
" Mr. Robert Goodspeede, Citizen oF London, gave by his last will unto the poore of Grandborough the sum of
five poundes (interest 50s. were added) to tlie rehef ofthe towne stocke for the use of the poore, and the aforesaid
fifty shillings distributed in the year 1640 to these poore people of Grandborough ;" then follow fifty names.
' Cole's MSS. in Mus. Brit.
' The first entry wliich relates to this family, seems to be of the marriage of " Joan Perserval, of Longsly, to John
Holland, of Grandborough, 22 Jan. loiS, after which follows the baptism of Benedict Holland 3 May, 154-8, and of six
sons and one daughter of Benedict Holland between 1575 and 1594- ; of Benedict, son of Thomas, and another Benedict,
son of Benedict, two grandsons of the former, in 1607 and 1609 ; and of divers interments between 1575 and 1610; and at
length of " Benedict Holland, at the Elline, buried 30 June, being the Monday after the Feaste, aged 86 years and up-
wards 1634'." Paroch. Register. In the same volume is this entry : " Dec. 5, 1653, Bucks. Whereas Richard Stevens, of
Grandborough, is, by the inhabitants ofthe same town, chosen to bee parish registrar, according to a late act of parlia-
ment, &c. These are to signife that the said Richard Stevens is approv'd of, and hath also taken his oath for the due
execution of his said office the day and year above written, before Rich. Pigot." The following remark is written on a
leaf, part of which has been cut out, comprising a period of six years' entries after 25 Oct. 154'8, " This leafe was thus
cutt because ink was spilled uppon it !"
= Paroch. Returns.
252 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
GRENDO^ -UNDERWOOD.
This pLice is supposed to derive its name from the verdure of a little hill near the village: and
its vieinity to the forest of Bernwode ; and in aneient evidences it is sometimes called "under
Bernwode." The parish is bounded on the north by INIarsh-Gibbon and Edgcott, on the east by
Lee and Doddershall in Quainton, on the south by Wotton and Ludgershall, and on the west by
Oxfordshire and jNIarsh-Gibbon, from whiMi last it is separated by a small brook remarkably tor-
tuous in its course, and from Ludgershall by the track of an old vicinal way, now the turnpike
road from Aylesbury to Bicester.
The soil is a deep tenacious clay, subject to great humidity, and occasional inundations. Tlie
parish contains about fifteen hundred and fifty acres, of which fifty are woodland.
THE MANOR.
Boding, Constable to King Edward the Confessor, held this manor, and might sell it. It was
estimated at 71. ; afterwards, and at the Norman survey, at G/. and Henry de Ferrers held it as two
hides, there being land for eight ploughs : one hide and three ploughs in the demesnes ; and
twelve villeins with two bordars having five ploughs. There were four servants, pasture for two
teams, and woods for five hundred hogs.'
Henry de Ferrers, Felgeres, or Feirercs, held the contiguous lordship of Shipton-Lee, and it is
remarkable that Grendon was rated only at two hides, but the adjoining manor, though of less
extent, paid for nine ; and hence it may be inferred, that in Grendon was a large portion of waste
or marshy land, at the time of the survey.
Henry de Ferrers was the son of Gualcheline de Ferrers, a Norman : and, although his name
occurs in the Roll of Battle, Dugdale seems to doubt whether he was a military attendant of the
Concpieror ; but he had two hundred and ten manors at the compilation of the Survey, and w as
one of the Commissioners for effecting it.^
PEDIGREE OF FERRERS.
From Cottoiiian MSS. Dug.lalc's Baronage unci MonaifKOD, j^c.
^™5. Arg. six llorse-sl.oes Sab. Also, Vaire, Or an.Klu.
Henry de FrRiF.ns, son of Gualcl.eline rfe Feriers, a Norman, hel.l=F BtnTA, a l.enef.ctor to
. Ni^el (le
it. Anyl.J
' Terra Hcnrici tie Feireres. In E.^sedene Hvnd'. 00. Henriciis tie Ferreres ten' Grpnnednne. p' ii. hid' se def'd'.
T'ra e' viii. car'. In d'nio i. liid', et ibi sunt in. car', ct mi. uill'i cii' ii. hord' lint v. car'. Ihl iiii. scrtii. P'tti' ii
car'. Silua q'ngent' pore'. In tolls ualent' ual' et ualtiit \i. lib'. T. U. E. vu. lib'. Hoc .T. tcnuit IJodIng ton-
stabulari' T. II. E. et ucnde' pot'. Lib. Censnal. torn. i. fol. l.jl.
■ Dtigd. Bar. toiii. i. p. '257, citing Leiger Book of Worcester in 15ibl. Cotton.
GRENDON-UNDERWOOD. 253
Robert de Ferrers, called " Comes jiin. de Ferrers et Nottingham," founder of tlie^. . . . Isoi.da, mar. to Stepli. de Beam
Priories of Derby and Merevale, olj. 1 141, buried at iMerevale, " wrapt iu an oxe 1 Maud, mar. to Bertram de Ver.li
hjde." I ,.nar. to WalchelineMa
William de Ferbehs, translated the body of bis ancestor Henry to Tutbury.=pMARGARET, dau. and beir of Will. Peverel, of Nottingham.
Robert de Ferrers, surrendered Tutburv and Duffield Castles=FSiBiL, dau. of \Villi«m de Braosc, of Brecknock, by Berta, Walcme LiNE=p. . . .
to King Hen. 2 : founder of W.)dlmm Priory, Co. Essex. | dau. of Milo Earl of Hereford. [Pedjgree of Braose, p. 20-2.] de Ferrers.^
William de Ferrers, deprived of thc=^SiBiL. Mimsent, mar. to Roger Lord Mortimer, Agatha, concubine to King John ; mother of
Earldoms of Nottingham and Derby 1 of Wigmore. [Pedigree of Moutimer, Joanc, wife of Llewelyn, Pr. of Wales.
Ric. I, died at Aeon 1 l.qi. | p. JO:i']
William de Ferrers, had liverv of his lands .) Ric =
1. sum. to the Councd of Nottingham with the lia-
rons : cr. (7 Jim. 1 J..h.) by special charter. Earl of
Derby, Gov. of Lancaster, S Hen. 3, died 31 Hen. 3.
Agne
Robert de Ferrers, liad a grant-pJoANE, d.nu. and cob.
of the lands of Roger de Ciessy in de Bocland, license
Bucks, &c. ob. 11 Hen. 3, s. p. | l 7 Job.
.f Willii
..f Ranulidl Earl of of the lands of Roger de Ciessy in (le Bocland, licensed to marry
Chester, mar. Ill - . - , .. ., _ I _ , ,
[Dugdale.]
Sibil, .5 dau. and cob. of Will.=pWiLLiAM ue Ferrers, Earl of Derby, accidentally killed^pMA
Maieschal, Earl of Pembroke. | by a fall, 23 April 1 234, buried at Merevale Abbey. 1 Q.i
;.f Ha
Basset
Edw. 1
Agnes, mar. to Will, de Vesci. Joane, mar. to Rob AguiUon; 2dlv, to Mary, dau.=RoBERT de Ferrers, in ward of the queen=p.
Isabel, mar. to Gilbert Basset, John de Mobun, of Dunster. [Dugd. of Hugh le and Peter de Savoy ; afterwards joined th
of Wycombe ; 2dly, to Regin. tom. i. p. 262.] Brun, Earl rebellious Barims i pardoned 50 Hen. 3
deMohuD. Eleanor, mar. to Will.de Vallibns; 9dly, of Angou- again rebelled ; captured at Chesterfield
SiB L, mar. to Fra. Bobun. of to Roger de Quinci, Earl of Winches- lesme, forfeited bis lands and titles; imprisone
Micdrurst. [Dugd. Bar. torn. i. ter ; 3dly, to Roger de Levburne. niece to K. atCippenham, co. Buck, dead bcfor
p. 2(;2, but Fra. de Mobun, M aud, mar. to W. de Kvme'; 2dly, to W. Henry 3. 1278.
p. 25S.] dcVivon;3dly,toEmerickdeRupe canardi.
.Agatha, njar. to Hugh de Mortimer, of Ferrers, ufCHARTLEY.
(.Mieimarsb.
Tlie preceding table shows the alhanccs and descent of the family of Ferrers from the Con-
quest until the reign of John, but it is not ascertained at what period this estate passed to the Ti-
bervilles or Turbevilles, who yet certainly held lands here before 1204; because the Sheriff was
then commanded to give seisin of certain possessions of Robert de Tiberville to Geoffrey the
King's Armourhearer : ' and it is probable that the Ferrers family ceased to possess Grendon,
either in the reign of Henry II. when Robert de Ferrers was deprived of his lands, or on the for-
feiture of William de Ferrers soon after the accession of Richard I. The Turlicvilles were sub-
feudatories of the Earls Ferrers, in the time of King John, of lands in Oxfordshire ;- and no
account having been recorded of their knight's fees, mav have depended on security being given
for scntage, under which the Sheriff of the County was not permitted to enter into the Earl's liber-
ties, to make assessment.^ When the Turbevilles had been deprived of their possessions in the
time of King John,^ Grendon was either annexed to the Crown, or afterwards granted by
Henry III. to Richard Earl of Cornwall, and held under that Earl and his successors as part
of the Honour of If^ctlingford. In 1223 the Constable of Walingford was commanded to
accept the homage of Henry le Harpur for half a virgate of land here, formerly held by his father
William.5 j^ 1233 the King granted the manor of Grendon, late belonging to Robert de Tybo-
vil, to Henry de Tyes,^ who also held Sherborne, co. Oxon, under the Earl of Cornwall. In 1202
a fine was passed between Robert de Grendon, Cik. and Nicholas de Sywenstone — and Ralph de
• " Vise. Buk' p' Inq' &c. q'd" t'ra" Rob'ti de Tibe'vill' in Grendoun, non va!" p' ann' nisi c. sol", ideo h'ere faciat Galii'o
Salatar' n'ro seisinam, &c. salvis nobis bladis, &c." Rot. Claus. 6 Joh. also Rot. Normannor.
^ Test, de Nevil, p. 110. ^ i\^\^\ , jf„t, Normannor.
5 " Cepim' homag' Henr'i le Harpur, de dim' virgate t're cum p'tin. in Grendon." Rot, Claus. 8 Hen. HI. no. 3.
* Kennefs Parocli. Antiq. vol, i p. 297.
254 ASHEXDON HUNDRED.
Chequers, of lands and rents here,' which Robert in 1270, (in another fine, called Robert de Grendon,
son of Henry de Tyes,) granted messuages, lands, and rents here to Geoffrey le Fraunceys, of
Upclatford, and Margery his wife.^ The manor seems to have been transferred to the family of
St. Ainand between the 30th and 39th of Henry IH. and it has been supposed that Ralph de St.
Amand held it before his death, because the Sheriff" of Bucks was commanded in 10 Hen. HI. to
admit Ahnaric de St. Amand to his inheritance: and Grendon and Shipton Lee being the only
estate held by the family in this county, the precept might be thought to have had reference to
these lands : but Bedfordshire being then in the jurisdiction of the same Sheriff', it is probable that
it related to the lands of the Ijarony of Caynho, which Ralph de St. Amand acquired by marriage :
and although it is asserted that Ahnaric de St. Amand presented to the church in 1241, this seems
to be at best on doubtful authority.^ However, in 1254 Ahnaric de St. Amand held this lordship
by serjeanty under the Earl of Cornwall, rendering annually an ivory bow and three arrows
for two hides of land, which had been previously rated at 2*. per hide, six pence for suit of
court and wards ; and was held in part by Robert the Clerh, of the heirs of Ralph de Chequers,
by services unknown, as of the fee of the Abbat of Reading.'* Almaric de St. Amand, when in his
minority, was in ward of Paul Peyvre,^ and afterwards of John de Grey. In 1275 (4 Edw. 1.) he
obtained a grant of the assize of bread and beer in Grendon,'' and in 1285 died seised of this
raanor,7 being succeeded by his son, Guy de St. Amand, at whose death Almaric his l)rother, then
a minor, came to the inheritance, and in 1310 died seised, leaving Mary his wife surviving, who
held Grendon in dower.^ Continuing in his descendants, — Sir Almaric de St. Amand, Knt. and
William de Holbeche, citizen and draper of London, and Maud his wife, passed a fine of
messuages and lands here (and in Edgcott) with Thomas de Holbeche,^ and dying 13 June,
1403, seised of this manor, " Gerard de Braybrokc, son of Aleanore, his only daughter by
Ida his first wife, and Ida his daughter, by Aleanor, his second wife," were his next heirs. '"
Aleanore Lady de St. Amand, widow of Almaric, by will, 15 May, 142G, ordered her remains
to be buried in the Friars Preachers, at Oxford ; and bequeathed a remembrance to Ouselbury
church, CO. Hants, where her first husband. Sir Thomas Wodelock, Knt. had been interred:
and dying, in the same year, Elizabeth, wife of William Beauchamp, Maud, wife of John
Babington, and Elianor Braybroke, were found to be "her cousins and next heirs;" Elizabeth
Beauchamp then sixteen, and Maud Babington fifteen years of age." Gerard de Braybroke
the elder, husband of Eleanor daughter of Almaric de St. Amand, died about 1393. '^ Ida, sole
daughter of Sir Almaric de St. Amand, by his second wife, was married to Thomas West, Esq.
(son and heir of Sir Thomas West, of Wiltshire, descended from the Cantilupes and Mowbrays,)
who died circ. 1415 without issue, and she bting coheir with Gerard de Braybroke, son of her
elder half-sister Eleanor, and the said Gerard having had livery of his purpart y, and dying issueless
during the life of his grandmother Aleanor, his three sisters, before-mentioned, were his heirs, and
after the death of Lady de St. Amand in 1420, Grendon passed by the marriage of Elizabeth
Brayl)roke to her hus])and William Beauchamp, son and heir of Walter Beauchamp, and grandson
of John Lord Beauchamp, of Powick, co. Worcester.'^
' Rot. Fin. 37 Hen. III. = Ibid. 55 Hen. III.
3 Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. i. p. 321. Dugd. liar torn. ii. p. 20. Also List of Incumbents.
« Hot. Mund. vol.i. p. 2t. ^ Chilton, p. 129.
« Rot.Hund.vol. i. p. 42. " Esc. It Edw. 1. no. 20. Cal. vol. i. p. 90. Also .\tkinss Gloucestersli p. 32.J ; and
Dugd. Bar: torn. ii. p. 20. " Rot. Claus 4 Edw. II. m. 21 and Rot. Oiig. ro. 2 Abbrev. p. 173.
■' Rot. Fin. 37 Edw. III. '" Dugd. Bar. toni. ii. p. 21. " Ibid.
" Esc. IS Ric. II. no. 55. Cal. vol. iii. p. KS.3. '^ See Clifto.n-Reynes, H.\nslop, andDRAVTo-v 13eaucii.\mp.
GRENDON-UNDERWOOD.
255
PEDIGREE OF ST. AMAND, BEAUCHAMP, and WEST.
t"rom Hurleian MSS. Esc
Fine, and CI. Rolls, Dugdale's Baronage, Kennet's Paroch. Antiquities, Lincoln Register:
Willis's MSS., Histories of Gloucestershire and Northamptonshire, &c.
Arms. Sable, a frette Or, 06 a chief Gules three Bezants.
■iavel's Castle ;=p
He
3.
eld part ofe=A:
E, dau. of Rob. de Albini or Aube
E St.=Locia . . .. , 2. Almark
"years had dower hr. of Guy ;
DE St. Amand,=Mary .
of age 1 8 Edw. had dov
of Bordeaux 31 Grendo
, to Parliam. 2 8 the Ma
Almaric Lord de St. .'\mand. Justiciary of Ireland-pJoANE, 4 Edw. 3.
31 Edw. 3 i Steward of Rockingham Forest and Gov. 1
of the Castle, ob. 5 Ric. 2.
. , 3. John de St. Amand, Profess,=f ..
. Sir TnoMAs=f
in of Law, 32 years of age 4 Edw. 2.
West, Knt.
ith had livery of his brother's lands 8
for CO. War-
Edw. 2. sum. to Pari. 6 Edw. 2 till
wick 17 Edw.
his death m or 20 Edw. 2, seised 1
2 , G.,v. of
1. ofGrendon, &c. |
ChristChurch
Castle.Hauts.
: Alianoke,
da. and h.
of Sir John
de Canti-
Uipe, Knt.
of Snitter-
SiR Thomas West, tvnt. fought at^fA
the Battle of Cressy ; ob. 3 Se|:
Sept. I to be bur.
bur. in
K. B. at
the Friars
4. willed
Preach, at
Friars P
Oxford.
ob. 1 .') J
;1C deSt. Amand,:
t the Coronat. of Hen.
I be buried at the
ichers i.n Oxford
. 1403.
=Aliakore .... wid. of Sir Tho. Wodelock,
Knt., willed, 15 May, 1426, to be bur. near
her 2d husband, and provided masses for her
Hist husband and children in Ouselbury,
Hants ; held Grendon in dower ; ob. 1426.
KOMAs West, Km
t Wyke, CO. Wilts
I Pari. 2 and S He,:
II dated 8 Apr
SirNich.
Clifton,
Knt.
Gerard de =pALiANORi
Br^ybroke, I sole dau.
mort. 1 8 R.2. I
Ida, sole dau.
had livery of
>fage 7 He
Esq. Sir Reginald West, br. of Thomas Lord=p Joane.HO
1415, La Warre, sum. to Pari. 5 to 28 Hen. 0 ; I
ob. 27 Aug. 29 Hen. 6. |
Bravbroke, William
£et. 10 in 1403, hail livery champ, grandson of John Lord Be;:
of his purparty of the in- of Powic] Lord Beauchampde St. Amand 27
heritance of St. Amand's Hen. 6. Server to tlie King, Chamb. of N.
lands, 4 Hen, 6. homage Wales ; ob. 19 Mar. 1457, bur. at Steejjle
respited: ob. s. p. Lavington, co. VVilts.
of Walter Beau--pELlzABETH, eld.
nd coh. of
Lady Alianore
de St. Amand,
£et. 16, 4 Hen.
Maud, 2d dau and coh.
Richard WEST,=p:
mar. to John Babing-
sum. to Pari. SB
ton, rat. 15 in 4 Hen.
Hen. Ctol2Edw.
4 : coh. of Almaric de
4: ob. 10 Mar.
St. Amand.
16 Edw. 4.
Elea-jor, 3dda.andcoh.
Richard 2d Lord ]
12 Juu. 1508; ob,
champ de St, Amand; will datedr^AN
, , bur. in Black Friars, Ludgate.
S
Sir Anthony St. Amand, nat
iby Mary \\'roughton,=ANNE, yo
William Beauchamp was in the French wars in 1429 ; summoned to Parliament as a Baron in
1448: was Sewer to the King, and Chamberlain of North Wales:' and dying in 1457, was suc-
ceeded by his son Richard, second Lord Beauchamp de St. Amand, who, 10th April, 1508 (23
Hen. VII.) conveyed this manor, inter alia, to certain trustees, for the use of his wife,- and by will,
12th June following, settled divers lands on his natural son Anthony, whose mother's name was
Mary Wroughton •,^ and although Grendon is not enumerated amongst the manors so settled,
it was held by Richard Lord St. Amand near the time of his decease ; and soon afterwards,
either by his widow, (or her representatives,) or by Anthony St. Amand, who was knighted,
and married Anno West, youngest daughter of Thomas Lord la Warre, great nephew of
Ida de St. Amand. It was sold to Thomas Pigot, Esq. Serjeant at Law, of Whaddon, who died
' Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 252. Rot. Fin. 4 Hen. VI. m. 3. Claus. 5 Hen VI.
3 Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 252.
Cart, in Mus. Brit. 55. F. 38.
'256 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
seised of this manor 25 Feb. 1519,' held of the King- as of his honour of Walingford,'^ having
becjueathed this estate to his seeond wife, Elizabeth, daughter and coheiress of John Iwardbv,
Es(j.^ for life, with remainder to Francis Pigot, his second son by his former wife, Agnes, daughter
and heir of ... . Foster, of Vv'rittlc, co. Essex,"* which Francis Pigot died in the lifetime of his
mother-in-law : ^ and Grcndon, soon after the death of Elizabeth Pigot, was in the possession of
Thomas Pigot, Esq. of Doddcrshall, from whom it passed with that estate;^ and John Pigott,
second son of Robert Pigott, Esq. of Chctwynd, co. Salop, died seised in 1751, having bequeathed
Grendon manor and advowson to his nephew, William Pigott, Es(j. who in 1769, under an
Inclosure Act," accepted an allotment as lord of this manor, and proprietor of the greater part of
the freehold and of all the copyhold lands in this parish, with reservation of n)anorial rights.
In or about 1793, William Pigott, Esq. of Doddershall, reserving the manor, advowson, and
woods, conveyed the j^rincipal part of his lands here to the Rev. George Huddlestone-Jervoisc-
Purefoy, Rector of Shalston,^ who. In pnrsuuancc of the will of his brother, Tristram Huddlcstone-
Jcrvoise, Esq. of Britford, co. Wilts, by his Majesty's royal licence, resumed his family name of
Jervoisc, with the arms belonging to the same: and under the said will, dated 27 July, 1792, and
])roved in 1795, and the provisions of an act of Parliament,^ reciting the before-mentioned convey-
ance, at the death of the Rev. George Huddlestone-Jervoisc-Purefoy Jervolse, 3 Nov. 1805, the
lands so purchased became vested In his eldest son and heir, George Purefoy-Jervoise, Esq. of
Herriard-House, co. Hants, with remainder to his heirs male ; and In default to the heirs male and
female, (and their Issue respectivelv and successively,) of the said Rev. George II. J. P. Jervoisc,
under the limitations of the act of Parliament before mentioned.
The manor, advowson, and woods reserved by William Pigott, Esq. at his decease in 1802
descended, with Doddershall, to his eldest son and heir, William Pigott, Es(|. who Is the present
jjossessor.'"
THE AILLAGE
consists of one long Irregular street of farm-houses and cottages, terminating on the west with the
church and parsonage, and on the east with a portion of ground formerly called Grendon-lawn,
abutting upon wood land, probably belonging to Bernwode Forest, of which, although the Inha-
bitants had no participation In forest rights, mention Is made In 1508, In a demise to John Jack-
son, one of Queen Elizabeth's tenants, In the forest of Hay, co. Hereford, of Haverley, How,
("urnell-hlll, Stample-hill, and Copewell-hill coppices, altogether 290 acres, in Ludgershall and
Gryndon, reputed ]iarcel of Kingswood, and in the forest, granted by the Crown at 11. 0,v. Sd.
])cr ann. for 21 years." This no doubt included the wood mentioned in Domesday Book, still to
be traced in the south-east angle of the parish.
Lands of Reading abbey, situated in Grendon, which in 1291 were estimated at 5*-. i)er ann.
had been probably bestowed upon that foundation by William Lord Ferrers in the time of
Richard I. by a charter mentioned by Dugdale.'-
' Pedigiule of PuiOT. ' Step. 17. ' Pedu.hee of ^MissiiXDHX and Iwardbv.
" Ksc. V> Hen. VIII. n". l.iii Cup. Rotul. ^ See Kdlesborougii and Pedigree of Pigot.
'■ See Doddershall in QiAiNTON : and Family Pedigree. " Slat. 16 Geo. III.
" SeeSiiAL.sTON : and Pedigree of Purefoy and Jervoise. " Stat, -il Geo. III.
"■ See Doddershall in QuAiNTON. " Rot. Pat. 11 Eliz. Test. 5 Jul.
'■ Mon. Anglic, vol. iv. p. 3(3. i.ntcr Cart. Antiq. marked Vesp. -A. 1. n. 1 H. and Vcsp. 2 v.
GRENDON-UNDERWOOD. 257
Notley Ahheij Lands here were held by the Canons until the Dissohition of Monasteries,' and
were subsequently granted, in 1540, by King Henry VIII. to Michael Dormer, his heirs and
assigns,^ and probably afterwards passed with the possessions of the Dormers in Bernwode Forest ;
and in 1670 (23 Car. II.) " an annual rent of 4*. 4d. payable out of Fhimore Close, parcel of the
late Priory of Notley, was granted by Francis Lord Hawley, and others, to George Gosnold, of
Beaconsfield, and charged on the estate of John Dormer, Esq.^
This village was anciently a thoroughfare from the northern parts of Oxfordshire, &c. by roads
which, until modern days, were deep, miry, and almost impracticable for wheel-carriages : which
gave rise to the distich —
" Grendon Underwood,
The dirtiest town that ever stood."
Aubrey, the Anticfuary,'* affirms that Shakspeare, who, as well as Ben Jonson, was accustomed
" to gather humours daily wherever he came," picked up some of the humour in his " Midsum-
mer Night's Dream " from passing a night at Grendon, when journeying from the banks of the
Avon, and his native Stratford, towards London ; and says that the same constable who had contri-
buted this addition to "the stock of harmless pleasure," was living here in 1642, when Aubrey first
went to Oxford; and that he was known to Mr. Joseph Howe, of Grendon. Perhaps the more enthu-
siastic admirers of the " immortal bard," have scarcely condescended to investigate so trivial a cir-
cumstance ; and it might contribute little to the success of future inquirers to add, that Thomas
Howe was Rector of Grendon at the period alluded to, and that it was probably his relation of
whom Aubrey has preserved an anecdote which he thought facetious, relating to Ralph Kettell,
President of Trinity college, Oxon ; ^ but it certainly gives some weight to his account, to remark
that those old track-ways which were the common roads leading to Bernwode forest, and con-
nected with the Akeman street, continued even until lately to be the haunts of gipsies and strollers
and have scarcely yet ceased to be the line of communication for wanderers and itinerants, in their
route from the lower parts of Oxfordshire towards the metropolis, so that the story of Shakspeare,
then in fact a stroUing player, having sojourned at Grendon-Underwood, on his way to London, is
extremely probable ; the first scene in the play before alluded to being, however, all that can now
be recognized as suggested by that incident.
Grendon was in 1341 (15 Edw. III.) taxed to the ninths at ten marks : Will. Mileward, John in
the Lane, Edmund le Clerk, Elias, Robert, and John Feyfaunt, assessors, certifying that the beans
and peas were deficient in produce, and that there were neither merchants nor cattle dealers here.^
In 1598 this parish was assessed " at 21*. Qd. towards the provision of beeves and muttons" for
the Queen's Household.'''
Expenses of the poor in 1776 were 86/. 11*. ; in 1803, 180/. 15*. M. ; in 1804, 260/. 3s. 9d. ;
in 1822, 291/. 14*. ; in 1824, 341/. 4*.
In 181 1 the population consisted of about 280 persons : in 1821 there were 64 houses occupied
by 73 families, comprising 153 males and 159 females.
■ See Notley in Grendon. ■' Rot. Pat. 32 Hen. VIII. ' MSS. Lowndes, from Rot. Pat. Car. II.
* Letters of Eminent Men. * Jbid. « Inquis. Nonar. p. 339. ■ Roll 48 Eliz.
2l
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
THE ADVOWSON AND RECTORY.
The advowson of the Church has always belonged to the possessor of the manor. The rectory,
in the rural deanery of Waddesdon, was rated in the Ecclesiastical Taxation in 1291 at 6/. 13s. 4d.
per ann." In the time of Henry VIII. at 15/. (5s. 8d. Tenths 1/. lOs. 8d. Archidiaconals 10*. 7|rf.
the whole parish, excepting one farm, being titheable.
PiOBEMT Haldein, atliiiltted to the Church of
(h-endon, by tlie Bishop, on tlie uudiority of a council
in 1224..
JMlliam de Stoke, 1248; presented by Reginald de
Cornubia.
Robert Brus forfeited this Rectory, and was suc-
ceeded by,
John Kennington, m 1308.
Robert Hurley, presented in 1316 by Robert Brus;
and as Willis supposes forfeited the living by disloyalty,
and was succeeded in the same year by
Henry Fettiplace, who died in 1321.
Thomas de Abingdon, 28 Aug. 1321, on the presenta-
tion of Sir John de St. Aniand; and on his decease
Philip Mitys was presented 29 Aug. 1327, by Sir
John St. Aniand. He exchanged for Leighthorn, co.
Warwick, with
Richard de Lewhnor, 30 Aug. 1348. He died, and
William Mauncell was presented 29 July, 1349, by
Almaric de St. Amand ; and dying, was succeeded by
Edmund Franks, instituted 1 Sept. 1361, on die pre-
sentation of William Holbech, Citizen of London.
Thomas JVoburne, exchanged for a chantry at Exeter
with
Philip Rogers, 26 April, 1377, in whose time the
Churches of Grendon and Fleet-Marston were appro-
priated by license 25 May 1377, from Oliver Sutton,
Bishop of Lincoln, for three years, to the Warden and
Scholars of the King's Hall, in Cambridge, dien
Ibunded by King Edward 111.'
Robert Wymoncl, presented by Sir Robert Tresilian,
and others, feoffees of Grendon Manor and Advowson,
26 Oct. 1382, on the resignation of Philip Rogers.
He exchanged for the Rectory of Baghurst, co. Hants,
with
Robert More, 4 Feb. 1389, on the presentation of
Almaric St. Amand. He died, and w;is succeeded by
John Daivnere, presented 28 Nov. 1395, by Sir Al-
maric St. Aniand, and on his resignation
Jeffrey Ipplepen was presented 10 Oct. 1399, by Sir
Almai-ic St. Amand.
William Clayton, resigned in 1425, and was suc-
ceeded by
Laurence Stafford, 15 April, 1425, on the presenta-
tion of the Lady Eleanor St. Amand. He was also
Rector of Great Horwood.^
William Hodinet, resigned in 1441, and was suc-
ceeded by
Thomas (or John) Weston, 15 May, 1441, on the
presentadon of Reginald Kentwood, Richard Beau-
shall, and John Poches.
John Meykin, exchanged in 1451 for a Chantry at
Croydon, with
John Goffe, 29 Oct. 1451, who resigned ; and
Richard Foivey (or J1 hitby) was presented by Wil-
liam Beauchamp Lord St. Amand 24 Dec. 1454, and
resigned in the same year to
John Meykin, who was again presented by Richard
Beauchamp Lord St. Amand, or by the Bishop of Sa-
lisbury and other feoffees.
Richard Fowey, according to Willis, held it again,
and on his resignation, was succeeded by
Thomas Rigby, instituted 14- Nov. 1457. He oc-
curs in 1469, but was so unlearned that " John de la
Row, Rector of Preston, was, 12 Sept. 1470, assigned
as his coadjutor to take care of the profits, and cure of
souls, propter notoriam impotc7itiam," and at his death
Thomas Hobbes or Howes, was presented 25 Jan.
1472, on Thomas Rigby's death, by Sir Roger Foco-
tis, (qu. Fowlis ?) Knt. and at his death,
Richard Bernes was presented 22 May, 1497, by
Richard Beauchamp Lord St. Amand.
Almaric Lamb, presented 14 Feb. 1509, on the death
of Barnes, and presentation of Richard Lord St.
Amand.
Richard Huntley, collated Dec. 1514, by die Bishop
by lapse ; and at his death
John James, A. M. was instituted 8 April, 1545, on
Taxat. Eccles. P. Nich. p. 34.
llegist. Lincoln.
3 See Great Horwood.
GRENDON-UNDERWOOD.
259
the presentation of Elizabeth Pigot, widow. He re-
signed, and
Ralph Hyde was instituted 30 March, 1554., on the
presentation of Thomas Pigot, Esq. He died, and
William Marbeck was presented by Thomas Pigot,
Esq. 1564, and willed in 1598 to be buried in Grendon
church, chancel, or church-yard, and at his death
Thomas Howe was presented 11 Sept. 1598, by
Thomas Pigot, Esq. and occurs Rector in 1 650.
Samuel Clarke, A. M. Fellow of Pembroke hall,
Cambridge, was presented in 1657, and in 1661 ejected
for non-conformity. He removed to Upper Win-
chendon, afterwards to Chepping- Wycombe, and died
2i Feb. 1700, teacher of a conventicle tliere.
lialph Patefield, A. M. of Brazen-nose coll. Oxon.
A. M. 15 Oct. 1661, was instituted 12 Jan. 1661-2, on
the presentation of Sir Richard Pigot, Knt. In 1672
he was licensed schoolmaster at Brill; ' died in 1713,
and was succeeded by
William Butterjield, A. M. presented by Thomas
Watson, Esq. in trust for the Pigot family. He was of
Wadham coll. Oxford, A. M. 9 June, 1713 ; died 16
Dec. 1758, and was buried in Middle- Claydon Church,
of which he was also Rector.'
Francis Gresley, LL. B. presented by William Pi-
gott, Esq. of Edgmond, co. Salop, and inducted 26
Jan. 1759. He was of Magdalen hall, Oxford, LL.B.
24 Oct. 1740, also \'icar of Charlton, co. Wilts; was
the son of Francis Gresley, Rector of Strensham, co.
Worcester, and descended from the Baronet family of
the Gresleys in Derbyshire. He married Mary Lips-
comb, daughter of Thomas Lipscomb, of the City of
Winchester, surgeon, niece of James Fussell, A. M.
Rector of Hardwick ; but died without issue 28 Dec.
1778, and was buried here, being succeeded by
Joseph Laurentius Littlehales, Clk. who was in-
ducted 11 Feb. 1779, on the presentation of William
Pigott, Esq. He also held the curacy of Brill and
Boarstall, and died at Bicester in 1804.
Sir George Lee, Bart. A. M. presented by W^illiam
Pigott, Esq. of Doddershall, and inducted 9 June 1804.
He was successively Vicar of Stone and Rector of
Hartwell with Little Hampden, Rector of Water
Stratford, which he held with Grendon until 1808,3
and on his resignation was succeeded in this Rec-
tory by
James Noel Pigott, A. B. 22 Jtdy 1808, on the
presentation of his brother Wilham Pigott, Esq. of
Doddershall. He was of Worcester college, Oxford,
A. M. 30 April, 1812.^
THE-CHURCH
is dedicated to St. Leonard (the feast being kept annually in November) and consists of a nave
47 f. by 22 f. ; a chancel 32 f. by 15 f. and a tower at the west end 53 f. high, and about 15 feet
square. The tower and nave covered with lead, chancel tiled, and its roof ceiled.
The font is antient and octagonal, supported by a short column ; the pulpit, in the south-east
angle of the nave, is of the a;ra of King James I. Between the nave and the chancel is a pierced
screen of wood with crocketed arches. The walls of the nave formerly displayed texts of scripture
and emblematical figures of Time and Death. The windows mullioned, with square cornices, and
the remains of painted glass, Gu. three bars gemels in chief Or, a lion passant gardant,^ and in the
east window, the arms of Richard Earl of Cornwall,^ inverted and damaged.
On a small mural tablet of white marble or
the north side of the Chancel :
To the memory of Harriot Lamb, daughter of Sii
Thomas Tirrell, Bart, of Castlethorpe, in this County,
and sister of Viscountess Say and Seie, in whose vault
her remains were deposited, according to her own de-
sire. She died September 18th, 1785.
See Brill, p. 116. " Page 190.
See Pedigree of Lee, in Hartwell, also Beachampton, Hartwell, Stone, and Water-Stratford.
See Doddershall and Pedigree of Pigott.
Perhaps Eivias, one of thq quarterings of the Wests, allied to the patrons. See page 255. ^ See p. 254.
260
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Within the rails, on a mural monument of
white marble :
Aims: On a shield, per pale, Gu. and Az
tlirce lionccls rampant Counter-changed. I'ien/ies.
In memoriam RiCHAnDi Fiennes, Vicecomitis Say
ET Sele : qui exivit hac vita vicesimo nono, die Julii,
anno Domini 1781, a3t 66.
Charani Spo"sam duxerat Christobellam, filiam
equestrife ordinis Thomaj Tyrrel, e Comitatu Bucks :
reliquam Joannis Pigot, de Doddershall, in Comitatu
eodem Armigeri.
Psalm 42. " Qriemadmodum Ccrims anhclat ad Fontes
aquarum -. Sic Anima mea." Candide lector, ^'ive
Deo : sibi sic Vives.
On lozenges of white marble with a florcated
border within the rails :
Under this stone lieth the body of Francis Gres-
i.EY, LL. B. 20 years Rector of this parish. He died
Dec. 30, 1778, aged m years.
Reader, learn from his example to love and fear
God: to be in charily with all men: and to expect
thy reward in Heaven.
In memory of Mary, relict of Francis Gresley, who
died August 10, 1782, aged 54.'
On a small lozenge of black marble :
In memory of James Lamb, Esq. of Kidlington, in
Oxfordshire, who departed this life 1st Nov. 1777,
aged 75 years.
On a mural tablet :
U/idenieafh this stone reposeth the remains of Mar-
garet Sophia Littlehales, second daughter of the Rev.
Dr. Littlehales, Rector of this parisii, and Margaret
his wife. She departed this life the 8th day of Sept.
1786, aged 12 years.
Releas'd, blest maid, from every woe.
Beyond the reach of pain,
Thy friends one consolation know,
'Tis meeting thee again.
When th' Archangel calls thee forth,
And souls and bodies join.
What crouds will wish their time on earth
Had been as short as thine.""
On the north side of the chancel is an elegant
monument by Scheeniaker, with a statue in a
Roman habit, seated on the ground mournfully,
pointing to a medallion, with the profile of a
child.
On the pediment, which is of veined marble,
supported by Corinthian pilasters, is a shield
with the arms of Pigott of Doddershall : Sable,
three silver pickaxes ; and on the base :
John Pigott, of Doddershall, Esq. and one of his
Majesties Justices of Peace for the County of Bucks,
departed this life the 24th day of September, in the
year of our Lord 1751, and in the 47th year of his age.
He was the second son of Robert Pigott, of Chetwyn,
in the County of Salop, Esq. and as such enjoyed the
Manors of Grendon-Underwood and Doddershall, in
this County, by virtue of a settlement made of these
manors upon the second son of that family, by Thomas
Pigott, Esq. the last heir male of the ancient family of
the Pigotts of Doddershall.
He married Christobella, one of the daughters and
coheirs of Sir Thomas Tyrrel, of Castlethorpe, in the
County of Bucks, Bart, who survived him, and received
an ample testimony of the great regard and affection
with which he honoured her whilst living, by the ge-
nerous provision he made for her by his will at his
deadi.
He had issue only one son, Robert Pigott, who was
born July 5th, in the year of our Lord 1735, and died
at school the 27th day of November, in the year of our
Lord 1747, and in the 13th year of his age, to the in-
expressible loss and affliction of bodi his parents.
Christobella Pigott hath caused this monument to
be erected to the memory of her ever-honoured hus-
band and dear son, who both lie buried together under-
neath this chancel, where she intends also to be buried
with them, and hopes to rise with them in glory at the
last day.
On the south side of the chancel within the
rails, on a nmral monument, with these arms :
Party per pale, 1. Arg. three casques in fess S.
Knap. 2. Pigott. 3. Fiennes, with an escutcheon of
pretence Arg. within a bord. er.graikd Az. two chev-
rons, Tjirell.
Sacred to the memory of the Right Hon. Christo-
bella Viscountess Say and Sele, who departed this life
the 23d of July, 1789, aged 94 years. She was the
' The erection of a monument has partly covered this inscription.
■■ These hnes, with some trifling alteration, may be found at Wisboach ; and in other places in this Comitij, being
from the pen of a well known writer, and not the production of the person who has been represented as its author.
GRENDON-UNDERWOOD.
261
daughter of Sir Thomas Tyrell, of Castlethorpe, in the
County of Bucks, Baronet ; was first married to John
Knap, of Cumner, in the County of Beri<s, Esq. next
to John Pigot, of Doddershall, in the County of Bucits,
Esq. and lastly, to the Rt Hon''l'= Richard Viscount Say
and Sele, whom she survived.
In her youth the beauty and elegance of her person
were the admiration of all who beheld her :
for her chearfulness and pleasant manner
she was beloved by all her friends and neighbours.
Her charitable institutions are the strongest
and most conspicuous proofs of her munificence :
and her justice was so correct,
that when she paid the last debt of nature
she had no other debt to pay.
This monument, and that opposite, to the memory of
her respected Lord, were erected in pursuance of her
Ladyship's will.'
On a small mural tablet :
Beneath this Chancel are deposited the remains of
the Revd Joseph Laurentius Littlehales, LL.D. many
years Rector of this parish, and one of his Majesty's
most active Magistrates for the County. He died 16
Feb. 1804, in the 53d year of his age.
On an ordinary grave-stone in the Church-
yard, near the East end of the Chancel, where
are other memorials of the same family :
Sacred to the memory of Thomas George, who died
September 1st, 1786, aged 45 years : and of Frances
his wife, who dieil August 28th, in the same year, aged
37 years.
If filial piety.
If conjugal affection,
If parental tenderness,
may claim the tribute of a sigh :
Reader !
Let the tear of sympathy
bear witness of
the virtues
here deposited.
PAROCHIAL CHARITIES.
JohnHarte, of Bi-ill,' left, by will, in 1664, certain lands, to apprentice one poor boy. Annual value in 17S6
returned at 21. 9s. Id?
Dame Anne Pigott, of Doddershall, by deed, in 1678, bequeathed a rent charge of 48s. per ann. to teach poor
children to read ; vested in the Rector of Grendon.
Thomas Pigott, Esq. by deed, in 1704, charged upon his estate here the interest of 300/. ; one moiety to be
applied for apprenticing poor children of this parish, at the disci-etion of the Rector of Grendon- LTnderwood,
the Rector of Quainton, and the Rector of Oving : returned in 1786 at 6/. per annum.
Christobella, Lady Viscountess Say and Sele, by her will, dated 8 Dec. 1787, and proved 28 July, 1789, by
Joseph Bullock, Esq. of Caversfield, and John Manley, Esq. of the Inner Temple, London, executors, gave 50/.
to be distributed to poor persons of Grendon, and 2,000/. upon trust to Joseph Bullock, John Manley, Richard
Hopkins, of Oving, and Thomas Green, of Whitchurch, Esquires, to be placed out at interest, and the proceeds
applied in putting out six poor boys of Grendon, and six of Quainton, yearly apprentices; such boys being legi-
timate: and the testatrix recommending that not more than 8/. be given with each boy. Also to the same
Joseph Bullock and John Manley, 4,000/. that they, or the survivor, or the executors, or administrators of such
survivor, lay out 2,000/. at their discretion, in building a workhouse at Grendon, and another at Quainton, for
poor industrious widows, and other poor persons of the said parishes, at their discretion, to be employed in spin-
ning, knitting, and other useful industry, at the discretion of the said trustees ; and to place out 2,000/. at inte-
rest, and apply the proceeds to the support of such poor widows, and others : widi power to appoint additional
trustees, to act in conjunction with them, or to succeed them in the trust. And, "if by means of the Mort-
main Aci " these pious intentions should be prevented taking effect, then bequeathing the said 4,000/. to them
the said Joseph Bullock and John Manley : and by a codicil to the same will, dated 27 Dec. 1787, duly exe-
cuted and proved therewith, the testatrix recited that by her said will she had bequeathed to Joseph Bullock and
A monument, nearly if not exactly similar, had been previously erected for the ^'iscount, soon after his decease.
See AsHENDON, p. 40. ; Brill, p. 113. ; Chearsley, p. 126. ; Chilton, p. 150.
Paroch. Returns, 26 Geo. III.
262 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
John Manley, her executors, the residue of her personal estate, with intent that it be applied as she should, by
any codicil, direct ; thereby devised and directed that all such residue be applied by her said executors in the
augmentation of any of her charitable donations mentioned in her will, or in putting out poor children appren-
tices in the parish of North-Newton, in the County of Oxford; or in the support of poor people not receiving
alms from the parish there ; at the discretion of her said executors.'
Of these charities of Viscountess Say and Sele, from the year 1789, when the testatrix died, during more than
sixteen years, no part of the 2,000Z. bequeathed to apprentice children, or of the 4,000/. bequeathed for the other
purposes described, were appropriated according to the directions of the will and codicil, but remained in the
hands of the executors, untd 1806, when after considerable expense, and many ineffectual efforts to obtain the
benefit of the charities, the surviving executors, chiefly through the interposition of the writer of this history, con-
sented to apply the legacy for appren ticing poor boys in the manner dii'ected by the will ; and thereupon began
to place out such apprentices from time to time, at the request of the Minister and Churchwardens of the
respective parislies entitled to be benefited thereby ; and at subsequent times, the surviving or successive trustees
have augmented the apprentice-fee, of each boy apprenticed from Grendon and Quainton, to the sum of 20/. or
upwards, making in the whole 120/. per ann. or upwards, to each of those parishes; but in regard to the legacy of
4,000/. the directions of the testatrix have hidierto not been carried into effect.
From the original in the Prerogative Office. See also Quainton.
HOGSHAW WITH FULBROOK. 263
HOGSHAW WITH FULBROOK
is bounded on the north by Bottlc-Claydon and East-Claydon, on the cast by Grandborough and
North-Marston, on the south by Qiiainton and the hamlet of Shipton-Lcc, and on the west by
Grendon-Underwood and East-Chiydon ; having Fulbrook on the north-east withhi these Hmits.
Hogshaw, anciently Oggesaue, and Hocsaga, perhaps from Saxon terms signifying floods, sedgy,
and marshy ground, abounding with reeds and miry places, and Fulbrook, deriving its name by an
obvious etymology, are situated in a little valley between some fine bold insulated hills north of
Quainton, and the Claydons ; and contain about 1365 acres of arable, meadow, and pasture, of
which about 400 acres belong to Fulbrook.
The soil is clayey, intermixed with sand and gravel.
Though a parish, with a hamlet attached, here is, properly speaking, no village ; the number
of houses being only six, all inhabited by agriculturists ; and their labourers being chiefly
accommodated with habitations in the neighbouring village of North-Marston.
Hogshaw and Fulbrook are severally assessed to the repair of the highways : but conjointly to
the maintenance of the poor.
In the reign of Edward III. this parish was rated to the ninths at ten marks, on the assessment
of Richard Michel, Thomas le Baker, Walter Wynsom, Thomas le Beyk, Walter le Bedel, and
William Ashmond ; who certified a deficiency of product of beans and peas, also of sheep and
lambs. '
In the reign of Elizabeth, Hogshaw was separately charged for the provision money to the
Royal Household at 3/. 12s. ^(U
Expenses of the Poor in 1776 returned at 40/. 3*. 9rf. ; in 1803 at 65/. ; In 1824 at 80/. 8*. : the
number of inhabitants at the census in 1821 being 39 males and 29 females.
THE MANOR OF HOGSHAW,
•which before the Conquest was held by Alwin, a Thane of King Edward,' had been given to Wil-
liam Peverell before the Norman survey, and was then taxed at five hides. Here were three caru-
cates and a half of land : three hides In the demesnes, where were two ploughs ; and six villeins
with two bordars had land for one plough, and half as much more : the pasture was for three teams :
wood for forty hogs : altogether constantly worth 60*.*
This estate having been retained by Peverell in his own hands, and not being granted out to a
subfeudatory, as was Claydon, appears to have been given, together with Tetchwlck,^ either by
William Peverell, or his son of the same name, to the Knights Hospitallers, who were In possession
■ Inquis. Nonar. 15 Edw. III. p. StO. " Roll 42 Eliz. ' See p. 165.
■• Terra Will'! Peverel. In Votesdone Hd, CD'. Ipse Will's ten' Hogsaga. P' v. hid' sc dcf'd. T'ra e' in. car. et dim.
In d'nio III. liidEe, et ibi sunt II. car', et VI. uill'i cu' II. bord' hnt i. car' et dim. P'tu' in. car'. Silua XL. pore'. Val' et
ualuit se'p' lx. sol. Hoc GD' tenuit Aluuin' teign' II. E. Lib. Censual. vol. i. f. 118.
5 See LUDGERSHALL.
264 . ASHENDON HUNDRED.
of a large portion of Hogshaw at the accession of King John, when a confirmation charter was
granted to that fraternity, in which this donation is ascribed to PevercU.' WiUis supposed the lands
of Peverell here, to have been granted after their forfeiture to the Malets, and by Ricliard Malet
given to the Templars.^ Lysons says, that this " manor was given by Ralph Malet to the Tem-
plars, who had a preceptory here," and that when their order was abolished, Hogshaw was " granted
with most of their other estates, to the Hospitallers : ^ but the Templars were not suppressed until
about 1312, and their possessions transferred by Act of Parliament, ten years afterwards, to the
Hospitallers : and the latter had possession of Hogshaw at least a century before ; for very early
in the reign of John a fine was passed between the brethren of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusa-
lem and William de Buckingham, of lands in Hogshaw ; "* and at the compilation of the Testa dc
Nevill,the Hospitallers held Hoggeshatve in free alms, under the Honour of Peverell.^ In 1254,
the Knights had view of frankpledge of the tenants of Hugh de Hoggesaue here, and in
the Lee and Folebroc ; and the last mentioned estate, consisting of two virgates of land,'' after-
wards passed with Hogshaw. In the same year an agreement was made between Roger, Abbat of
Thame, and Friar Elias de Smethton, Prior of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England,
and confirmed by a fine,^ by which the abbat was to construct a boundary fence between Hogshaw
and the rivulet of Folebroc, from Priest-Mead to Betenhall, with covenants for common of pas-
ture for the Prior and Abbat, and their respective tenants in Lee and SItipdon.
The Hospitallers continuing to exercise the privileges conferred upon them by their benefactors,
were called upon by a quo tvarranto to prove the right of the Prior to view of frankpledge in
Hoggeslunve and Fidehroh, &c. and wai/f ; and exemption from the jurisdiction of the Hundred
and County Courts : and the Prior pleaded by his attorney, the charters of the King's prede-
cessors, and the confirmation of the King himself. But it was objected that he had no sufficient
judicial means, by gallows or otherwise, to punish offenders, and that in some of those places he
had not a sufficient number of tenants to make a jury.*^
' Ex dono Will. Peverell, villain de Totungevviche cum omnibus pertinentiis suis ; et insuper omnia tenementa praedict.
fratrum ; et preeterea villam de Hoggeschestone cum omnibus pert. suis. Rot. Cart. 1 Joli. p. i. n. Hi, m. 17. Monast.
Anglic, vol. vi. p. 809.
■' Willis's :\ISS. in Bibl. Bodl. 3 Lysons's Mag. Brit. vol. i. p. 581. See also Monast. Anglic, vol. vi. p. 80'2.
* Hot. Fin. 2 Job. n.29. and Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. vol. F. 16.
= Oggesaue Hospitalar. tenent earn de bon. Peverell, in puram elemosinani, et ba't visum francipl. de ho'ib's Hug. de
Hoggesaue, et de la Le et de Folebroc. Rot. Hund. 39 Hen. HI. vol. i. p. 21.
" Ibid. - Rot. Fin 39 Hen. HI.
' Prior S'c'i Job'is Jerusalem in Anglia suramonitus fuit ad respondend' D'n'o Regi de pl'ito quo vvar'o clamat babere
visum franciplegii de tenentibus suis in Hoggesbawe, Quenton, Dunyngton, Lee, Fulebrok, Merston, Totbewyk, Aston-
Clinton, Chelwaldisbyry, Pycbelestborn, Neuport Paynel, Lavendon, Branfield, Bradwcll, Cliauley, Fennystretford,
Scotenbo, Baliyngbam, Tbornberg', Becbampton, Cbalf'unte S'c'i Petri, Teppelowe, et Benyfield, qui ad D'n'm Reg' et
coronam suam pertinet. Et quo war'o clamat babere weyf in p'd'c'is maneriis, et esse quietus pro se et bominibus suis
de sectis com' et bundr' sine licentil et voluntate D'ni Regis vel p'decessor' suor' Regum Anglia;, &c.
Et Prior per fratreni Ric'ni de Kexby attorn' suum venit et clamat p'd'c'as libertates per cartas progenitorum Regis
qui nunc est, et similiter per confirmationem Regis qui nunc est. Et super boc babet diem in Scaccario a die Pascb' in
XV dies, ad ostendend' p'd'cas cartas, iSrc.
Et Gilbertus de Thornton qui sequitur pro Rege dicit, q'd licet p'd'c's Prior cartas sufficientes haberet, non debet
gaudere p'd cis libertatibus, cbin non babeat furcas ncque alia judicialia, &c. et quia non babet villam integram sed ali-
cubi dimidiam villam alicubi tertiam partem villas et alibi quatuor vel quinque tenentes, nee est juri consonuni quod
\ isus fiat de hujusmodi collecta. Et dies datus est ut supra. Postea a die S'c'i Micb' in unum mensem anno xvo quem
diem luibuit per comniunem proclamationem venit p'd'c's Prior per attorn' suum. Et dies datus est ei a die Pascb' in
XV. dies, &C.&C. Plucita de (juo Warranto. MSS. Coo/cc.
HOGSHAW WITH FULBROOK. 265
The result, however, seems to be that the Knights retained their privileges.
The Hospitallers had been originally founded about 1092 (though aceording to some accounts
not until some years later), and at their institution bound themselves by an oath to serve pilgrims
and other poor travellers in the Hospital of St. John in Jerusalem, then their chief and probably
only seat ; recovered by the famous Godfrey of Bologne, and a confederacy of Christian princes,
out of the hands of the infidels : but in 1187 that city l)eing captured by the Saracens, and the
Knights deprived of their establishment, the latter seised upon the Isle of Rhodes, which they va-
liantly maintained against the Mahometans from 1308 ; until, in 1522, the Turkish Emperor,
Solynian the Magnificent, after a long siege, during which the Knights implored in vain the
assistance of the Christian States, forced them to retire : after which the Emperor Charles the
Fifth gave them the Isle of Malta, which they resolutely held.'
In England, their chief establishment was near Smithfield (still marked by St. John's Gate),
where they had a palace and a church, founded by John Briset. They had numerous subordinate
houses and possessions, the gift of pious persons; and in 1322 were so highly esteemed, that when
the Knights Templars fell into disgrace, and that order was condemned and suppressed bv Pope
Clement the Fifth, in consequence of great enormities, the Hospitallers obtained many of their
possessions.
Their habit was black, with a white cross on the fore part. No one was admitted but of good
repute and descent : and the Prior was especially required to be well descended. He was styled
" Primus Baro AjigVucr So long as pilgrimages were in fashion, and princes and great persons
could be persuaded that to wage war with the infidels in Palestine, and encounter dangers and
death in visiting the Holy Land, afforded a certain passport to Heaven, the order flourished with
increasing splendour ; vows were made, and estates were liberally given, in support of the Knights ;
but after the reign of Edward the Second, who showed great favour to them, the Hospitallers seem
to have declined both in wealth and fame ; and at length, in 1540, their houses in England and
Ireland were suppressed by an Act of Parliament,^ by which their possessions were placed at the
King's disposal : their actual dissolution taking place 7 May : ^ the brethren being thenceforth
prohibited the use of their habits or titles, and all the order discharged of their obedience to their
former superiors. The amount of their possessions was estimated at 3385Z. 19*. 8J., and the pen-
sions assigned to the otficers probably exceeded that amount ; William Weston, the English Lord
Prior, being allotted 1000/. per ann. and Sir John Rawson, Grand Prior in Ireland, 600/., with
other considerable allowances ; but, as Fuller remarks, the King was " soon eased of the Prior's
stipend, whose Hospital and earthly tabernacle were dissolved together ; * gold, though a great
cordial, not being capable of curing a broken heart."
The lands of the Hospitallers in Hogshaw and Claydon were at the dissolution estimated at 52,v.
per ann., and their woods of the like value,^ with IQd. per ann. out of the temporalities of Studley
Priory, for land called Hoggeshawe-Lee.^
King Henry the Eighth granted by patent, 20 July, 1544, to Maud Lane, late the wife of Sir
Ralph Lane, Knt. her heirs and assigns, " the manor or commandery of Hogshawe, with lands,
I Burton's MSS.
^ Introduced into the House of Commons 22 April, and read a first time ; a second time on the 26th ; and passed 29th
of the sao'.e month. Commons' Journals.
5 Stat. 32 Hen. VHI. c. 24. ' Church History, b. iv. p. S**. and Nichols's Leicestersh. vol. iii. p. 2«-.
s Val Eccles. Hen. VHI. vol. i. p. 404'. '^ Page 264. Also Monast. Anglic vol. iv. p. 257.
VOL. I. 2 M
266 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
tenements, the rectory and glebe, parcel of the late Priory of St. John of Jerusalem, with
Hoggeshal wood of fifty-five acres." ■ The Lanes had previously resided here, perhaps as tenants
to the Hospitallers. William Lane, in 1526, directed his interment at Hogshaw, or Orlingbury,
to. Northampton, if he should die within two or three miles of one or other of those places
respectively, and Sir Ralph Lane, Knt., his son, was buried here in 1540.^ The time of the
death of Maud, his widow, grantee of the manor, is unknown ; but after the marriage of Mary,
her third daughter, to Thomas Pigot, Esq. of Doddershall, grandson of Mr. Serjeant Pigot, of
■^Miaddon,^ Hogshawe is presumed to have passed (at least partly), by purchase, to that family .
and Thomas Pigot, Esq., the younger, Sir Robert Lane, Knt., William Lane, junior, Ralph Lane,
and William Lane, senior, joined in a proceeding in Chancery, before the close of the reign of
Elizabeth, and filed a bill to protect the plaintiff's title to the manor of Hogshaw, and rectory, so
purchased.''
PEDIGREE OF LANE and PIGOT, of HOGSHAW.
From an ancient vellum Pedigree ; Bridges's Hist, of Northamptonshire ; and other authorities.
Arms. Party per pale Gu. and ki. three saltires Arg.
William Lane, Er,q. of Thingdon, co. Nortliampton.=pANNE, dau. of John Sutton, of Sutton, co. Northampton.
r '
William Lane, Esq. of Orlinghury, ob. 1.50-3.=pELizAnETii, dau. and heir of Edmund Strickland, of Hoo, co. Beds.
^^ ^
Jane, dau. of Hugh John Lane. George Lan;
Mavin.Esq. of Wol-
vey, CO. Warwick.
MaudParre, dau. and coheiress of William Lord Parre, of Horton, uncle of Qu. Katherine ; grantee
of the Manor of Hogshaw, 36 Hen. 8. and sister of Dame Mary Tresham. [See Pedigree of Lucy,
Vaux, aud Corbet.]
Lane, Eso
. = Cathar
NE, niece
of Si
Thoma
sC
WlLL
AM Lane
of Orii
ingbury.
nev, Knt
oflrthl
.gborough, CO
No
th-
bury;
will dated
2<; J.in.
ampton.
Sin Ralph Lane, Knt. of Orlingbury ;
ob. 1540: Will ilated 26 Sept. buri'ed
at Hogshaw.
CATHEni!IE=
i=SiR Robert Lane,=pMaby, daughter o
Ralp,,
William
. . Turnyn.
dau. of Ro-
Knt. of Horton, CO.
John Heneage ; mar
Lane,
Lane,
mar to
...Went- ,
bert Cop-
Northampton. [Rot.
2dlv, to Sir Tho-
2d
worth.
ley, Knt.
Kin. 3 & 4 Phil. &
mas Andrewe, Knt.
son
of Surrey.
Mary.]
Eliza-
gomery.
beth.
. . . . , mar. to . .
..Osborne.
Henry Lane.
mar to
. Fielding.
r-1
Thomas Pigot, Esq. of
Doddershall, grandson of
Mr, Serjeant Pigot of
Whaddon ; ob. 1606 :
bur. at Hogshaw, 1 May r
ARY, dau. of Sir Thomas Andrew, Knt. Sir Parre Sir Robert= Elizabeth. Thomas Pigot, eldest son.
Mary, relict of Sir Robert Lane, her Lane, Lane, Knt. Catherine. [See Pedigree of Pigot,
sband's father. Knt. of Doddershall.]
Thomas Pigot, Estj. (whose grandson died and was buried here in his minority, in 1602) sur-
vived to a great age, and died in 1606, and issue male failing of his eldest son, Thomas Pigot,
Esq. of Doddershall, at the decease of the last- mentioned Thomas Pigot, his ne.xt brother, Sir
Christopher Pigot, Knt. succeeded to his possessions ; and he also dying without male issue, 24
Oct. 1613, was buried here. Richard Pigot, Esq., another l)rothcr, succeeded, but whether he
held this manor or not is uncertain. He died in 1636, and Sir Richard Pigot, Knt., his son and
heir, resided at Doddershall. Elizabeth, aunt of this Richard, and sister of Thomas, Sir Christo-
pher, and the before-mentioned Richard Pigot, Esq. was married to Sir Edward Phelips, or
Kot. Pal, 35 Hen. VIII. ^ M^illis's MSS. and Parochial Registers.
See DoDDEKsiiALL in Quainto;
lADDON.
Proceedings in Chancery, temp. Eh
"' See DoDDEKsiiALL in Quainton, and Pedigrees of Pigot ; also Grendon, p. 256 ; Beachampton and
WilADDON.
HOGSHAW WITH FULBROOK. 267
Philipps, Knt. Master of the Rolls, who is said, upon doubtful authority indeed, but with grrat
probabiHty, to have resided here ; and the said Elizabeth was buried at Hogshaw, 12 April, 1038.'
Sir Edward Philipps was a very conspicuous person in his day : descended from an ancient
Welsh family, and son of Sir Thomas Philipps, Chief Builder and Supervisor to King Henry the
Eighth at Calais. In 1602 he was made Serjeant at Law; in May 1603 (1 Jac. I.), King's Ser-
jeant ; and 23 July, 1603, knighted at Whitehall : sate in several parliaments ; was chosen Speaker
of the House of Commons ; and in 1608 (6 Jac. I.) appointed Master of the Rolls."
Willis says that this estate was sold by the Pigot family ^ to Robert Greville, 4th Lord Brooke
in or about the year 1650. He was the second son of Robert Lord Brooke, killed at the siege of
Lichfield, whose descent and alliances are shown in the annexed Pediirree.
PEDIGREE OF GREVILLE EARL BROOKE and EARL of WARWICK,
BARON BROOKE of BEAUCHAMP COURT.
Fn.m Peerages, Dugdale's Baronage, and History of Warwickshire ; Account of the Family of Brooke ; and divers Authorities.
Arms. Turketel, Earl of Warwick. Erra. a fess counter compony Or and Azure. Greville. Sable, on a cross engrailed within the like border Oi-,
five pellets. Crest anciently used by the Earls of the County of Warwick, viz. a bear erect Arg. muzzled Gu. supporting a ragged staff of the
First : granted 2 April 33 Geo. 2. to Francis Earl Brooke and Earl of Warwick. Poyniz. Gules, four bars Or. Acton. Quarterly per pale
and fess indented Arg. and Azure. Mallet. Paly of six Gules and Or, surtout a lion passaut gardant Arg. [See the respective quarterings
Id the Genealogical Hist. Edmondson, &c.]
Alwin Earl of Warwick, temp. Edw. Confi'i
•J--
.^TuBKETiL Earl of Warwick, deprived by the Conqueror, took the name of Arden.-pLEVERUNU.
Seward de ARDEN.=f^CECiLiA. Peter. Ralph. Osbert de Arden.
Thomas DE Arden. Herbert de Arden. William de Arde.v, of Redburn.=j=. .. . Letitia, mar. to Geff. Sava
John Greville, mort. ante 33 Ed. 3.-pMargaret, vixit 33 Ed. 3. Thomas Arden, eldest son, 6 Joh.-p. . . . William Arden, i
William GREViLLE.=f: Sir Robert Arden, Kt. eldest son.=pNiCHOLA. Sir Thomas Arden, Kt. 2d son, of Ha
Marc.abet.^William Greville, ob. 14ni,=JoANE, sist. ofSirPhil. Sir Giles Arden, Kt.=p Nichola, mar. to Ralph Basset, of
j willed to be buried at Campden. Thornbury, ob. 2 8 H. 6'. only son and heir. [ Weldon.
Sibil, dau. and heir of Sir Rob.=JoHN Greville, eldest son,=pJoicE, dau. of Sir Walter Cook- Lodowick Greville, 2d son, ob.^.MARGARET,
Corbet, Kt. ob. circ. 8 Heu.5. of Campden, co. Glouc. | sey, sist. and heir of Hugh. 28 Aug. 1438, bur. at Drayton. | dau. and hf
Sir John Greville, Kt. of Charlton-Regis, co.=pJoANE, dau. of Robert Richard John Gre- William Gre-=pAnne, dau. of
Glouc. M.P. for CO. Gloucest. 2 Hen. 5. and 13
Hen. 6.; Sheriff of co. Leicest. 1 Ed. 4.; Knight-
ed 5 Ed. 4.; Sheriff of Warwick and Leicest. 13
and 17 Ed. 4 ; ob. 6 Aug. 20 Ed. 4.; buried at
WestoD-on-Avon, co. Warwick.
[Ed- Gre- Gn
i], or Anne, ville. Kt. of the
Sir William Shire fur
Vampage, Knt. Oxford
E, an-
ville, of Dray-
Sir Robert
of the
ton, CO, Oxon,
Frances, K
iUes of
ob. 19 Hen. 7.
of Foremar
ring-
CO. Derby.
[Collins.] 8 He
' Regist. of East-Claydon.
' A curious specimen of his eloquence and logical subtilty appears in a " Relation of the proceedings against Garnet
and his confederates in the Gunpovvder-Treason-Plot," printed in 1606 ; in which his address to the Court and Jury
thus commences. "The matter now to be offered to my Lords the Commissioners, &c. is matter of Treason ; but of
such horror and monstrous nature, that before now the tongue of man never delivered, the ear of man never heard, the
heart of man never concerted, nor the malice of hellish or earthly devill ever practised. For if it be abominable to
murder the least ; if to touch God's anointed be to oppose themselves against God ; if by blood to subvert princes,
states, and kingdoms be hateful to God and man ; — how much more, then, too too monstrous shall all Christian hearts
judge the horror of this treason to murder and subvert such a King, such a Queene, such a Prince, such a Progenie,
such a State, such a Government," &c.
3 MSS. in Bibl. Bodl.
t>68
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Sir Thomas GiiEviLLE, Kt
of Wanvicksh. and Leicest.
Banneret 2 H. 7. ; Commi
ol>. 14 H. 7. s.p.
took tlie axme of Ckesey, SherifiF=ELizADETH, da
20E.I. 4.; K.B. I He,.. 7.! Knt. ofVVillioin H,-
isioncr of Array 4 and 6 Hen. 7.; bert, Lord He
Anne. 1
IMarcaret, J
of Tliunms Poy
Frani|)tuu-Cottn
John Gp
eded Sir Thomas Gr,
e, Knt. 140n.=pjANE, dau. of Sir Hu
..f Harpeden.
Sm Edward Grevilie, Kt
20 Hen. 8. ; buried at M
knighted 1513; ob.=pANSE, dau. of Rr)bert Denton, Esq. Robert Greville,
»on, CO. Warwick. | of Ambrosden, co. Oxon. '2d son.
I.Sm.JoHNGREVlLLEKt M.P.:
for Warwickshire 30 Hen. 8..
knighted 1 Ed. 6'.: ob. 25 Nov.
Elizabeth, dau of Sir 2. Sir FuLKE=pEi.
AIary,
"~l — I
;iR Edward Grevilli
»/t/son. [Historical Ac
f the Famllv of Gr
Margaret, dau. Sir Fulkl=^Anne, d
:.f Wn
Wiilington, <
liarclieston,
Gb
Knt. M 1'.
forWaiw.;
pANNE,dau of
Ralph Nevil,
Earl of West-
moreland.
Robert =i
Greville,
ofTh..rp,-
Latimer.
pBLANCH,
dau. of
...Whit-
ney.
Sir Ed
Grevi
Knt, o
od coheir
to Rob.
e, Esq.
Harris.
I.ODOWI
ling inu
ofiMicklet
le had counterfeited
pressed to death, temp Elz." [Stevens's Addi
tions to Spelman's Hist, of Sacrilege : Monasi
Anglic, vol. iii. p. 3.]
Sin Edward Grev
viving sun : shot his
accidentally.
Glou.=pTHOMASlN,
on- I d.u. of Sir
was I William
Peters, Kt.
I'ULKE Greville, KB. I(;u4i
M
Baron !lro..ke, of Beaucl.amp
m
rl 19 Jan. 18 Jac. 1. with limi-
R
m to R.d,ert, son of Fulke, son
Ve
,obert his uncle lob.coel. 30 Sep.
C'l
8, net. 75; buried at Warwick.
CO
(E GREVn.LE,T=MAB
EVn.LE,=p.VlABV,
d„u. of
I Richard
Copley,
Esq.
Kt. sur-rpJoANE, dau. of Sir Thomas
r brother I lirondev, Knt. Chancellor
I of E.igland.
al„f thc=p(ATllERnE, eldest dau. of
iiege of I Francis Russell, .lib Earl of
Hedford, survived her Lord.
.loHN Gre- Mar
viLLE, only Cati
son; ob. Mar
roelebs vita Jove
I — I — I — I — i — i
John Greville,
Francs Greville,
CharlesGreville,
Robert Greville,
Wii.LiA.M Greville
Fulke Greville,
died in infancy.
liET, Miar. Edw, I'ennel, Es'
luar. t.. W. Whiiacre, E.q
= ('— _
I. Francis, 2. Robe
3d Lord LordLt
Brooke, Recorde
ob. 16'42 Steward
th Lord Brooke, ^Anne, dau. Edwar
. of CO Stafford 16K0; I and sole heir GliEVi
r of Warwick; High | ofJohnDod- Alger:
' ;ford-on, I dington, Esq. Grevii
ih 13 Feb. of lireanier,
CO. Hants.
Anne, mar. to I.Francis
Wni. Earl of Grevlle,
Kingstim. eldest son;
Duddington, oI,. 1 1 Oct.
ma.toCharles 1770, v. p.
Earl
aflcr-
ards Duke)
Wll.MOT, 2, Al
d. of. I, din NON I
lE ofRo-
p,MARY, da.
DOODINGTON
1, Catherine, mar. l.ioBapi
of Ld. Ar-
Greville,
Earl of Gainsborough, 2, Jo,
thur So-
oh. ccelebs
field, Duke of Buckingham.
merset,
12 Feb.
2 Anne; ob. innupta.
.5th son
17S8.
3. Elizabeth: mar. to Franc
of Heurv
R01.ERT Gre-
Guddfoid.
Duke of
ville, died
4. Sarah, 5. Marv, G.Diana,
Beaufort.
abroad.
7 Henrietta; mar. to ,'~ir Ja
Bart. ofDiajcot, co. Wilts.
Fulke, 5th =pSarah, da.
Ld. Biooke, I of Sir Fra.
oh.Twlcken- Dashwood,
ham, Midd. I kt. Alder-
22 Oct. I man of
171U,aet.63 Loudon.
Noel,
Shef-
I
, ob.i
Lo
Lord
Brooke, oil. at
UlLLI'M, 7tH-r
Lord Brooke:
University Coll.
ol,. 98 July
Oxon. Feb.l 711,
17-27, a.-t. 33.
roelebs.
1. William 2. Tulk
Greville, Grevil
ob. inf. ob. inf.
=f=MAi.v,2ddau, and cob.
of IK-ory Tlivnne, only
son of Thoma; Lord Vis-
count Weymouth, ob.
29 March, 1720.
CIS, 8tb Lord B
■ .lb. innupt.
: mar. to the Hon. Cha.
7th son of John Earl of
;er by Jane (his 2d wile),
. ofChas.Dukeof Lolton.
LLE, E>q
ke, Recorder=^EMZADETH, 1
k : cr. 7 July, 20 Geo. 2. Earl j Hamilton, s.
nd Ea
ofW,
Brooke of Warwick-Castle,
Warwick; L.I. Lt. and Cost. Kot.
Warw. 17.I»; K.T. ; mar. I 7-12; cr.
Nov. 175.9, Earl of Warwick; oh.
July, 1778, tet. 54.
f Ha
, I Earl of Aben
i I General Clark.
r-^-r-r -r-r -r— 1
. of Lord Arcliibald 1. Algernon Griville, ob. juv. Frances,
of William Duke of 2. WiLi iam Fulke Greville. mar. to
ane, dau. of James 3. James Greville. John
irn: mar. 2il!v, to 4 HoBf rt Greville. Crewe,
i ob. 24 Feb. I'.HOO. 6. Henrv-Francis GrevILLE. Esq. of
6. L HARLEs Greville. Crewe,
Hall.Cest.
(iEORGlANA, only=i
=G
.lau..,f Sir James
B
Peachev, Bart.
.,f
(afterwards L.ir.l
b,
Selsev,) bv La.ly
17
Caroline Scott,
ai
dau. of .l.dio 1st
CI
Earl Del.iraine:
c.
ma. 1 April, 1771;
s.>
ob. 3 April, 1772.
1"
1-
3E,?d Earl=pHENRl
(,daii...fRI.
Brooke, and Ear
f Warwick,
•n k; Sept.
II!: L.I. Lt.
ICust.R..t...
Warwick; Re
IW.
m, Esq. hv the Lady
Evelyn Leviso.i Gower,
dau. of John Eiirl G.iwer,
wi.low of John Earl of
Upjier Oss.iry, anri sister
to Granville, Marquis of
Stafford; mar. 9 July,
1776.
2. Charles
VlLLE, hoi
CO. Middh
■Francis Gre-
n at North-En
sex, 12 May,
Robert-Fulke Grevii
lorn in London 3.1 Febru
1751 ; Capt. 1 Foot Gi.a
mar. Countess Do
CER OF Mansfield.
1 April
Ma
Louisa-Augusta, born 14 April, 1743 ; mi
1770, William Churchill, Esq. of He
Dorset.
Frances Elizabeth,
Julv, 17G-I, to Sir Henry Harpur, Bart.
Char'liitte-Marv, born fa' Julv, 1745 ; mar. [4 Aug.
17fa-2, to John Lord Gorlie's, son of the Earl of
Galloway; .ili. 31 May, 17K3.
Isabella, born and died 1 Mar. 1748.
Anne, born 2b' Aug. 17fa'0; ob. 26 May, 1783.
■- r-r-1
George Grev
iRGE Greville, Lord Henrv Richard, 3d Earl Brook.::^... 2. Sir Charles Robert Elizabeth b. 3 Oct. mar Louisa.
oke, born 25 March, and Earl of Warwick, loth Baron G revu.le.K.B. Gre- Augusta, id., innupta. Caroline
2; ob. 5Mav 1786, at Brooke, born 4 Ajiril, 1779. 1 .Major-General ; VILLE, Henrietta, mar. 9 Feb. 1 805, to Thos. Charlot-
HOGSHAW WITH FULBROOK. 269
Hogshaw having descended to George, second Earl Brooke and Earl of Warwick, was conveyed
by his Lordship, in 1789, to Rebecca Dupre, relict of Josias Dupr^, Esq. ; and at her decease, 27
Feb. 1800, became the property of her son and heir, James Dupr^, Esq. of Wilton-Park, Beacons-
field, who is the present possessor. •
THE CHURCH,
of which not a vestige now remains, was dedicated to St. John Baptist. Its destruction in the
civil war has been attributed to the fanaticism of Cornelius Holland, one of the most active instru-
ments of those turbulent times.'^ It was afterwards entirely neglected, and from about 1050 divine
service only occasionally performed here. The building is said to have consisted of a nave,
chancel, and square tower, but WiUis's account is obscure and contradictory; for he describes the
building as 48 feet long and 18 wide, and in the same page as 30 feet by 20; and says that the
tower was embattled, and like that at Pitchcotl (which is not embattled). But this diligent anti-
quary did not overlook its single bell, which had been taken out of the ruins and kept in the
neighbouring mansion, in Mr. Willis's time tenanted by Stevens, a quaker, who "desecrated the
church, converted it to profane uses, and afterwards broke his neck by a fall from his horse in the
grounds, and died instantly :"^ and when his family quitted Hogshaw this "bell was either sold
or carried away." Mr. Green, Vicar of East-Claydon (with which parish Hogshaw was eccle-
siastically united by James Gardiner, Bishop of Lincoln, between 1694 and 1704), informed
Browne Willis that he remembered "the chancel partly standing" in 1681, and "neatly adorned."
It was then untiled and the walls fallen down ; but still the marks of brasses remained in a mo-
numental stone in the north wall, with labels, escutcheons of arms, and effigies of a man, a woman,
and children, reported to have belonged to the Giftards of Fulbrook, who, as well as some of the
Throckmortons, their relations, and the Lanes and Pigots, were buried here.''
" In 1730," says Willis, " Lord Brooke's trustees (God pardon them ! ) gave leave to pull down
the walls of the church, and to build an ox-house for the tenant ; and the whole, excepting part of
the chancel, was levelled accordingly."^
The site is still marked by an ox-house, built with brick, probably within the precincts of the
church-yard, and near an old moat belonging to the mansion-house. But the foundations of the
church, &c. were dug up in the last century, and employed in mending the roads, with little
benefit indeed, as may be inferred from their miserable condition even of late years.
About thirty silver coins are reported to have been found near the church ; but they were dis-
persed without any particular account being taken of them.
The only source of income of the Ministers here which has been discovered, is an account of
10/. per annum paid out of the manerial estate. No record of any endowment or institution seems
to have been preserved. No register remains, and only the following names of
• See Beaconsfield, and Pedigree cf Dupre, = Page 250. ^ Willis's MSS.
« In the Parochial Registers of East-Claydon and Quainton, besides the record of baptisms and burials of several
members of those families, is an account of the marriage of Michael Stop and Alice Ford at Hogshaw, 18 Nov. 1632 ;
and in 1638, Richard Swayiie willed to be buried in the church-) ard ; as did Robert Ford, a shepherd, in 1648 : the
last interment being of a tenant here, in 1683, by Mr, Green, of East-Claydon.
5 Willis's MSS.
270 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
William Bramptox, priest of Hogshaw, ob. 1544. Christopher Capenhurst, 1630.'
77ii). Turveij, 15i4. Tho. Berry, 1656. In 1651 certified his benefice
IVill. Sandy, 1598. worth 3/, 6*. Sd.perajimim.
FULBROOK,
Folebroc, FuUebroc, FuUebrooke, Folkwyke, probably so called from a rivulet running through
part of this hamlet, which is supposed to have been included in Hogshaw at the Norman Survey,
as part of the lands of William Peverell. It may, however, perhaps be doubted whether the
description of an estate assigned to Claydon, which in Domesday Book immediately follows the
accoimt of Hogshaw, might not have been intended to refer to Fulbrook, being held before the
Conquest by the same Saxon possessor who was lord of Hogshaw, and of nearly the same extent
as this hamlet. Be this as it may, Fulbrook is not mentioned by name until a later period : and
had then at least ceased to belong to the Peverells. In the reign of Richard the First, a fine was
passed of lands in Folebroc between Walter de Folebroc and William Fitz-Hugh ; " and in the
reign of John, Roger de Wymberville held half a knight's fee here under GeoftVey de Lucy.-' And
although the lands of Wymberville were subsecjuently conveyed to the convent of Eynsham, the
Hospitallers at a later period held lands here of the Honour of Peverell, and the tenure of Walter
de Folebroc appears to have ceased towards the close of the reign of Henry III. The family of
Lucy long afterwards maintained their connexion with Fulbrook : whether it originated in their
acquisition of Peverell's lands, or had been derived from some other source. Geoffrey de Lucy was
rewarded by King John, for his assistance against the rebellious Barons, with divers manors, pre-
viously in possession of the king's enemies, and amongst others with part of the lands of Almaric
Despenser, his father-in-law : and he obtained, according to Browne Willis's account, the manor of
Cublington amongst that inheritance.'' And, although there is no pretext for believing that the latter
had ever belonged to the Peverells, it seems worthy of notice that Geoffrey de Lucy, grandson (or
according to the commonly received accounts great grandson of the former Geoffrey) was found
to have died seised of Folbroc, designated in the inquisition a member of Cuhllngton, in 1302:^
and this estate appears to have afterwards descended in the same manner as Cublington through
many successive generations. However, coming into the hands of the possessor of that estate, it
might have been so annexed by Geoffrey de Lucy himself: even if derived under a distinct grant,
of which no proofs now remain.
Sir Geoffrey de Lucy, Knt. in 1331, obtained a grant of free-warren here,'' and died seised of
Folebroc in 1346.'' This manor is not particularized in the Inquisitions after the death of Sir
Geoff'rey de Lucy in 1 Henry IV., or of his son Sir Reginald, in 16 Henry VI. ; but in 1423 a fine
was passed by which the manor of Fulbrook was settled upon Edmund Rede and Richard Sturgeon
during the life of Thomasia wife of John Burbache ; ^ and the grant of free-warren here was con-
firmed bv King Henry VI., in 1437,^ to Sir Walter Lucy, Knt. : and this estate is presumed to
' Qu. if 1530? Browne Willis. « Rot. Fin. 9 Hie. 1. ^ Test, de Nevill, f. 158. p. U5.
•" Sue CunLiNGTO.v and Pedigree of Lucy. '' Esc. 33 Ed. I. no. 67. Cal. vol. i. p. 198.
'- Rot. Cart. 5 Ed. III. n. 35. Cal. vol. ii. p. 166. ' Esc. 20 Ed. III. n. 34. Cal. vol. ii. p. I'i9.
" Hot. Fin. 2 Hen. VI. » Rot. Pat. 16 Hen. VI p. '2. m. 30 ; and Clutterbuck's Herts, vol. i. p. 394.
HOGSHAW WITH FULBROOK.
271
have descended with the inheritance of the Lucys in Bucks, to the coheirs of Sir Wilham Lucy,
Knt. : — viz. Sir Richard Corhet, son of Sir Roger Corbet, Knt. by EHzabeth his elder sister, and
Wilham Vaux, Esq. son of Sir William Vaux, Knt. of Harrowden, by Maud, his other sister.
On the attainder of Sir William Vaux in 1 Edw. IV. his moiety of those lands escheated to the
Crown ; but after a temporary grant to Ralph Hastings, confirmed by King Richard the Third on
his accession, was by Henry the Seventh restored to Nicholas Vaux, son of Sir William, afterwards
created Lord Vaux of Harrowden. Whether Fulbrook was afterwards purchased by the Corbets,
together with that moiety of the inheritance of the Lucys which had belonged to the family of
Vaux, and passed by the marriage of Katherine, third daughter of Nicholas Lord Vaux, to Sir
George Throckmorton, Knt., or was otherwise acquired, the latter does not appear: but this estate
was subsequently in the possession of that family, and some of them resided here ; and no account
is discovered of the Corbets having afterwards shared in Fulbrook.
The aUiances of the Lucys, Corbets, Vauxes, and Throckmortons, are shewn in the following
pedigree.
PEDIGREE OF LUCY, VAUX, CORBET, PERCY, THROCKMORTON,
AND GIFFARD, OF FULBROOK.
rg. Lucy. Or a raven Sab. CorM.
hev. Arg. 3 bars gemeiles Sab. Throcfcm
. chev. Az. thr
\z. Percy.
Sir Walter Lucv, Knt. descended fiom Geoffrey de Lucy, temp.=FELE
Rich. 1. died 1445. [Pedigree of Lucy, in Cublington.]
=pii;LEANOR, dau. and coh. of Sir Warine Archdekne, son of John Lord .■\rchdekne,
I by Eliz. sist. and coh. of Sir John Talbot, Knt. of Richard's Castle, en. Heref.
Elizabeth, dau. and coh. of Sir Henry Percy ,=Sir William Lucy, Knt.=
=i\lARGARET...,mar
Thos, Hop-=;
(son of Sir Tho. Percy, of Athol, by Ehz. dau. at.40. [Eic. 23 Hen. 6] ob.
2dly,to..VVake,ob
TON, Esq.
and coh. of David Strabolgie, Earl of Athol,) 10 Jul. 1460, s. ]). [Esc.
4 Aug. 1466. [Esc
of Hopton,
and widow of Thomas Burgh, Esq. 1 Edw. 4. n°. 16.]
6 Edw. 4. n. 29.]
CO. Salop.
Eleanor, Maud, or=^SiR Wilma.v
sister and Matilda, I Vaux, Knt.
coh. dead dead 1 of Harrow-
1 Edw. 4. Edw. 4. I den.
HoPTON,
Sir Roger Corbet, Knt. of:^
y sun :
Moreton-Corbet, co. Salop,
dead 6 Edw. 4. [Pedigree
of Corbet.]
^Elizabeth, niece and coh. of Sir Wm. Lucy, aet. 34 in 1 Sm William Vaux,=P dau. of
Edw. 4.; mar. 2dly, to John Tiptoft, Earl of Worcester, K.G.
3dly, to Sir Wm. Stanley, K.G. (both beheaded) : ob. 22
June 1498. [Esc. 14 Hen. 7. n° 128.] Kn
Knt. neph. and coh. I Per,
of Sir William Lucy, ton, a Pie
Sir Richard=pEl
Corbet, Knt.
dead 1498
if Walter Lord
Ferrars, of
Chartley.
abeth, dau. and hr. of Henry=pSiR Nicholas,
Lord Fitz-Hu
William Parre.'Knt. au
Katherine, and moth.
Maud Lane, of Hogsha
of Sir
t of Queen
of Dame
fought for King H
Notts.! Lieut.oifGuisnes7Hen.8.;Ambas.
to France 1 8 Hen. 8 ; cr. 27 Ap. 1 5 Hen. 8.
Ld. Vaux, of Harrowden, will proved 3 Jul.
restored ;=pANNE, eldest dau. and coheir
Thomas Greene, Knt. of Greei
Norton, co. Northamptonshi
[Clutterbuck's Herts, vol.
p. 81.]
SirRobertCor :
BET, Knt. ob. 1 1
April 1513.
[Esc. 5 Hen. 8.
Elizabeth, dau. Sir GEORGETHnocKMORTON,Knt.of;
of Sir Hen. Ver- Coughton, co. War. icld. son and hr.
non, Knt. of of Sir Rob. Throckmorton, Knt.) ub.
Haddon Hall, CO. 14.53, bur. at Coughton. [Pedigree
Derby. of Throckmorton.]
Roger CoRBET,=f=jA
Esq. ob. 20 Dec.
Clielmscote and
Cublington Ma-
nor. [Esc. 30
Hen. 8.]
„r
dau. Throckmor- Sir George Throckmor-
of Sir Ro- TONS of TON, Knt. of Fulbrook,
bert Need- Coughton, 8th son; ob. 1612, aet.
ham, Knt. Haseley, 92, bur. 1 September, at
ofShen- Beddington, Hogshaw ; caZM Me eWcr.
ton, CO. Castleton, [Quaiuton Regist.]
Salop. &c.
,eld. Anne, mar. to Sir Tho. Lord Vaux,:
Tho. Strange, Knt. sum. to Pari. 22
nad nine Alice, mar. to Sir Hen.8.K.B.25Hen.
d many Edward Sapcote, 8. Capt. of Jersey
laughters. Knt. 2S Hen. 8.
dau. ob. 1 57
having- ■
dau. and hr.
of Sir Tho-
masCheney,
Knt.
Mary, dau. Elizabeth, mar. 1st
of John to John Gifford,
Bruges, 1st Esq. of Chillingtr.n ;
Lord Chan- 2dly, to William Li-
dos, gon i 3dly, to George
Peyto; 4thly, to Wil-
liam Hoilskins.
HON3 An
nar. to Reginald
Bray, Esq. of Stene,
CO. Northampton, 2d
son of Reginald, brother
of Edmund Lord Brav.
[Pedigree of Bray]
Maud, died unmarried.
Robert Corbet, Esq. aet.^ANNE, dau. of Oliver Lord St. John ; mar.
36 in 1573 : [Esc. 21 Eliz.] 2dly, to Sir Rowland Lytton, Knt. ob. 28
ob. 30 May 1583, s. p. m. Feb. 1601 ; bur. at Bedworth, co. Warwick.
Sir George Throck
MORTON, Knt. Me
T'
Thr
George, bap. at Thomas Lee, Esq. of Moreton in=pjANE, ob. George, son of Thomas, son c
Fulbrook orHog- Dinton, and of Hartwell j ob. I 1642,bur.at Henry, bap. at Henry, bap. 12
shaw2 Jul.1608. 1641, bur. at Dinton 23 March. Hartwell. Hogshaw 5 Jun. 1G14, bur.
[Par. Regist.] [Pepigree of Lee, p. 164.] | [Par. Reg.] March 1610. 11 July 1620.
' 1
Jane, bap. at Hogshaw 13 April 1605.
f Anne, eld. dau. bap. 25 April 1608.
Susan, baptised at Hogshaw 22 Oct. 1S09.
Dorothy, said to have been mar. to Sir Cle-
ment Throckmorton, of Haseley, as 4th wife.
272 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Sir Grorgc Throckmorton, Knt., eldest son and lieir of Sir Robert Tlirockinorton, Knt. of
Coufjliton, CO. Warwick, was Sheriff" of Warwick and Leicester in the 18th and;55th of Hen. VHL,
and having incurred the enmity of Thomas Lord Cromwell, who, under a ])retext of his refusal to
acknowledge the King's supremacy, but in reality to gratify his own cupidity by the possession of
Sir George's estate, caused him to be imprisoned in the Tower ; where he narrowly escaped the
fate of Sir Thomas More, through the intercession of Queen Katherine Parre, to whom his lady
was nearly related.' He left a numerous family, of whom Sir George Throckmorton, the eighth
son, was, as well as two of his brothers, preferred at Court by the Queen's interest, and received
some recompense for the injuries which their family had sustained by the rapacity of Lord Crom-
well. He was knighted ; and married Mary Bruges, daughter of John first Lord Chandos, by
whom he had several children : but excepting the supply of some few names of his descendants,
as inserted in the accompanying table, not without difficulty obtained, in consequence of the
destruction of monuments, registers, and papers which might have elucidated their history, no
satisfactory account is presented in regard to the Giftards, the Lees, or the Throckmortons, as
connected with Fult)rook : nor of the time or manner in which their estate was alienated.
The lands of Ei/iis/iam Mutia.sfo-i/ in Fnlbrook, in the reign of Henry the Third, consisted of
seven virgates held in pure alms, of which the Convent was said to have been enfeoffed
by some unknown benefactor ; '-^ but the following account will shew the name of the person
who had settled these lands upon the abbey, and nearly fix the period of the gift.
Eynsham, or Eynesham, was founded about 100.5 by Ailmer or Athehnare, Earl of Cornwall and
Devon ; and after the translation of the see of Dorchester to Lincoln, by Bishop Remigius. the
latter annexed Eynsham to the monastery of Stow, in Lincolnshire, founded by Eadnoth, one of
his predecessors at Dorchester. Eynsham remained forsaken during some years, until Robert
Bloet, Bishop of Lincoln, in 1109, obtained a charter of restoration from King Henry the First ;
and upon a new endowment the monks of Stow removed to Eynsham, which was governi'd by a
succession of Abbats, of whom little more is preserved than a catalogue of their names.^ Godfrey
the fifth abbot, presided in 1 180 ; and intermediately, but in whose abbacy does not appear, " Wi-
gand, nephew of Brien, for his own soul, and the soul of Edith his wife," bestowed upon the monks
of Eynesham the church of Merston, and lands in Fulbroe ; * which donation was confirmed l)y
another charter, in which Alan de Pencos granted to the church the alms given by Wigand, nephew
of Brien: Martin the priest, Hugh de Merston, Robert Fitz-Walter, and Simon Fitz-Juchel being
witnesses.'' King Henry the Second likewise confirmed the same by another charter at Waling-
ford.^ From the names of these witnesses, although the charter is without date, the period of the
confirmation may be nearly ascertained. Earl Reginald died in 1 175 : the charter must have been
' See the Pedigree; also Kimber's Bar. vol. iii. p 481.
■■ Abbas de Heynesliam tenet septem virgatas t"rc in cadcm vill. Folcbioc, in purani clemosinam. Nescimus p. quLMii
sunt feoffate. Rot. Ilund. ^9 Hen. III. vol. i. p. 21.
' Monast. Anglic, vol. iii. p. 2.
* Wigandus Briencii nepos, sakiteni. LSciatis me dedisse ecclesiic de Egnesham pro anini& nic.1, ct Edidoc conjugis
mem, ecclesiam de Merston, &c. Ha;c omnia frater mens Mainfemnus coram multis concessit. Hujus meas donacionis
et concessionis Mainfemni sunt testes, Ilobertus filius Hcginaldi, Ilenricus de Oili, Riul deTapon. Monast. Anglic,
vol. iii. p 2;{. ■'• Ibid.
'^ Henricus U. &c. Episcopo LI;ico!n. etc. fidelib. suis de Buchinchehamscires. Sciatis me concessisse monasterio de
Egneshani ccel. de Merston, et duas hidas terra; in Fulebroc, sicut Wigandus nepos Briencij illis dedit. Test, comit.
Reginaldo Cornubia;, et Hen. du Essex, et Hen. fil. Geroldi : apud Walingeford. Monast. Anglic, ibid. p. 20.
HOGSHAW WITH FULBROOK. 273
made, therefore, before that time ; and as Henry of Essex had been vanquished by Robert de
Montfort,' in a trial by wager of battle, and being by the laws of chivalry restrained from holding
lands by knight's service, and in 1158 was shorn a monk and retired into Reading abbey,^ it is
more probable that he might have attested the charter about the 2d or 3d of the reign of Henry H.
when he was Sheriff of Bucks and Beds, than at a later period.
In the abbacy of Robert, who in 1197 had been promoted to Eynesham from the office of Prior
of Dorc, Alice, heir of Alan de Pencos, and Peter her husband, were called to warranty in respect
of two hides of land here.^
It appears that Roger de Wymberville held half a knight's fee in Fulbrook of Geoffrey de Lucy,
either in the early part of the reign of Henry the Third, or in the time of King John,^ which
seems to have been afterwards transferred to the Abbat of Eynsham ; for in the account of bene-
factions to that house is a receipt by Elias de Wimhervill to G. (most prol)ably Gilbert the 1 1th
abbat) Abbat of Egnesham, for 130 marks of silver for the lands of Fulel^roc, and that he might be
exonerated from divers debts and claims, as well of certain Jews, as of his mother Eustachia, for
dower in these lands.^
In 1271, in the abbacy of John de Oxcnford, a fine of lands here was passed by Walter de Fole-
broc and Agnes his wife, to the Abbat and Convent of the Blessed Mary of Egnesham ; ^ probably
the same Walter who held the third part of a knight's fee here of the heirs of Geoffrey de Lucy,^
and whose possessions seem thus to have been merged in the estate of the abbey.
In the time of Abbat Thomas de Welle, between 1281 and 1293, Richard de Tothewyk (or
Tetchwick) was summoned by quo warranto to answer respecting his claim to view of frank-pledge
here; and he answered that he did not claim in his own right, but as Bailiff of the Abbat of Eyn-
sham, whose attorney, William de Hadenham, craved permission to claim such view in the name
of the Abbat, by bill ; offering to answer without writ : which being allowed, he alleged that he held
a carucate of land, and had view of all his tenants twice in the year, without service or payment
to the King ; admitted that he had no judicial instruments of punishment, and only three or
four tenants ; but said, that he and his predecessors had immemorially such view. And Gilbert
de Thorneton, on the King's part, denied that this was sufficient warrant ; averring that length of
possession or usage could not be pleaded against the prerogative of the Crown ; especially, as it
could not be shewn that he had gallows or other means of punishing offenders against the peace.
The cause was continued through several terms, but it does not appear that the Abbat was de-
prived of his privilege.^
On the surrender" of the abbey, in 1539, by Anthony Dunstan, alias Kitchen (who in 1545 was
• V. Neubrig. lib. ii. c. 3. Chronic. 158. ' Lyttelton's Hist, of Hen. II. vol. ii. p. 390.
3 Rot. 2 Job. ro. 4. 4 Test, de Nevill, f. 158.
5 Ego Elias Wimbervill recepi a Domino G. abbate de Egnesham, cxxx marcas argenti pro terra de Fulebroc, ad ac-
quietandum me de Judaismo contra Abraam juda;um de Berchamstede, et contra Abraam fil. suum, et contra Jacobum
fil. Floriaj judeum de London, et contra oranes judeos de debito patris mei usque ad festum S. Joh'is Bapt. anno Hen.
fil. R. Joh'is 36, anno gratia; 1252, et duas marcas dom. Thorn, de Valoines reddidi. Test. dom. Rob. de Esthal et dom.
Tho. de Valoines ; et quiet' claraavi p. me et ha:red. meis contra omnes gentes, et contra niatrem meam Eustachiam si
ipsa velit aliquid de praedict' terra petere nomine dotis. Rogerus de May. Mon. Angl. vol. in. p. ^6.
« Rot. Fin. 56 Hen. HI. ' Page 270.
8 Mon. Angl. vol. iii. pp. 17, 18. and Flacit. U Ed. I. Emma, widow of Richard de Tetchewick, had lands here and
in Hogshaw settled upon her for life, by fines passed in 1297 between her and John son of Alexander Michel of
Dodereshall. Rot. Fin. 36 Ediv. I. and in 1330 John Saunders and Joane his wife passed messuages and lands in
Hoggeshawe to Thomas de Lincoln.
VOL. I. 2 N
274 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
made Bishop of LandafF), all the possessions of Eynsham coming into the hands of Henry the
Eighth, the King, ])y patent, 28 July, 1543, granted to Sir Edward North, Knt. Treasurer of his
Court of Augmentations, all the lands of the said monastery in Fulhrooke-Eijnesham, co. Bucks,
at G.y. \0d. per ann.' This grant was afterwards confirmed to Sir George Darcy, Knt., his heirs
and assigns, and Sir Edward North, Knt. together with " the farm of the manor, and all its lands,
tenements, meadows, pastures, rents, &c. (exclusive of tenths, 6.s\ \0d. per ann. reserved to the
King) the same being then demised to George GiiFard, Esq. by lease, for a term of years uncx-
]Mred, at 3/. 8a-. Ad. per ann."-
This George Giffard is said to have been descended from the Giffards of Twyford and Claydon ;^
hut the pedigree of that branch of the family being obscurely deduced, with few dates or other
proofs of authenticity,'' it may be excusable to omit, unless and until more satisfactory informa-
tion may afford better materials for its elucidation, any further account of their connexion with
Fulbrook, and to state that this manor and estate being purchased by Richard Winwood, Es(j. of
Dcnhani in Qualnton, son and heir of the Right Honourable Sir Ralph Winwood, Knt. Principal
Secretary of State to King James the First, after the decease of the said Richard Winwood, in
1688, descended with Denham, &c.^ until they became vested in the Right Honourable Lord
Francis Godolphln-Osbornc, second son of Francis Godolphin, late Duke of Leeds, K.G. and
next brother of George-WIllIam-Fredcrlck also Duke of Leeds ; his Lordship being the present
possessor.
The Mansion of the Throckmortons, originally enclosed with a moat, has been long converted
into a farm-house, in which are still some vestiges of its ancient and more respectable condition :
as also the remains of the Baptismal Font, brought from the ruins of Hogshaw Church, and now a
cistern for water for domestic purposes, conducted to It from the neighbouring hill, at the foot of
which this house is situated.
Rot. Pat. 35 Hen. VIII. Test, at Terlinge. ' Monast. Angl. vol.iii. pp. IV, IS.
See TwYFOUD. " Harl. MSS. 1533, f. 82, 83.
SeeQuAiNTON and Stoke-Poges : and Pedigrees of Godoli'iiin and Osborne.
ICKFORD. 275
ICKFORD, HICKFORD, IKEFORD,
in Saxon, Yeeinjapoj-b, from a watery way or passage through the Thame which bounds this
parish on the south and part of the west, dividing the counties of Oxford and Bucks. Its
northern boundary is Wormenhall, having a brook on that side also; and the eastern, Shabbington.
Great Ickford is the western portion of the parish, in which is the Church, and thence some-
times called Church-Ickford, having Ickford Parva towards the north, and between them a portion
called Middle Ickford, in which is a bridge over the stream, to Draycot, a hamlet to this parish,
but within the limits of Oxfordshire.
Ickford has been supposed the place of a treaty between King Edward and the Danes in 907 ;
but this seems to be a mistake for Itchinford, in Hampshire.^
The soil is in some parts a rich loam, in others clayey, and, though in certain seasons subject to
inundation, in dry weather often destitute of a sufficient supply of water.
THE MANOR
before the Concjuest belonged to Vlf, or Wolpher one of Earl Harold's men, who might alienate
his land; and it was afterwards divided between the Earl of Morton and Milo Crispin.
The Earl of Mortons IManor, anciently rated at 11. per ann. was at the Norman survey worth
6/. and held under him by the Monks of Grestein in Normandy as six hides ; with six ploughs ;
three hides in the demesne and two ploughs, to which two more might have been added ; and
three villeins with ten bordars had two ploughs. There was pasture for six teams.^
Robert Earl of Morton, half brother of William the Conqueror^ (but for the illegitimacy of
the latter) granted this Manor with Marsh"* to the Abbey of Grestein, founded by Harlewin dc
Conteville his father ; and Ickford was, by the Abbat and Convent, granted to a family deriving
its name from this place ; but the same Abbey possessed also certain tithes here, which having
been confirmed to the Monks by Baldwin, son of Thomas de Haldeham or Audlam, and Isabella
his wife, the heiress of the Montacutes, as appears by an cxemphfication charter of King Edw. 11.^
may be presumed to have been amongst the early donations to that house. For the seigniory of
the Earl of Morton, having been forfeited to the Crown in the reign of Henry I. was annexed to
the Honour of Aquila, of which Pevenscy Castle in Sussex was the head ; and this estate formed
part of the knights' fees held, under that Honour, by John de Montacute, and by his heirs in the
reign of Henry III. and Sir Wdliam de Montacute leaving two daughters his coheiresses,
Margery Eckingham, and Isabella first the wife of Robert de la Hay, and secondly of Thomas
de Audham, on the death of Margery without issue, her sister succeeded to the whole estate, and
joined with her second husband in confirming the gift of her ancestor to Grestein Abbey, under
which Thomas de Ickford held three hides and a half of land here.
' Camden's Brit. vol. i. p. 313.
' Terra Coniitis Moritoniensis. In Tichesscle H'd. In Iforde ten' monachi de Grcisten vi. hid' de coniite. T'ra e'
VI. car'. In d'nio iii.liidEe, et ibisunt ii. car', et aliae ii. possunt e'e. Ibi in. uill'i cu' x. bord' h'ntli. car". P'tu' vi. car'.
Val' et ualuit vi. lib. T. R. E. vii. lib. Hoc GD' tenuit Vlf. ho' Heraldi comitis et uende' potuit. Lib. Censual. vol. i. f. 14-6.
3 See Bledlovv. * See JMarsii-Gibbok. ^ Hist, of Northamptonshire, vol. i. p. 434.
276 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Bartholomew de Yckcford, another of the same family, gave lands here to Godstow Nunnery
in the beginning of the reign of Riehard I.'
How long Grestein Abbey continued to enjoy the estate in Ickford is unknown ; but having
been seized by the Crown during the wars of Edward H. and again restored, it was a second
time forfeited, and the family of Ickford is no longer mentioned, unless their descendants are to be
identified with persons denominated atte Water de Ichford, who afterwards possessed a con-
siderable estate here. William atte Wc\ter de Ickford died in 1311, seised of the Manor of
Great Ickford held of the King in capite ; ^ and in 1325 Nicholas Ryhall, Parson of Ickford,
passed lands in Great Ickford, with pasture for six oxen and six cows, by fine, to John atte
Water and Joane his wife and their heirs ; ^ and in the reign of Edward III. divers fines were
passed between Sir John de Grey of Rotherfield, Knt. and John atte Water and Joane his wife"
of messuages and lands here, and of the Manor called Great Ickford ; ^ but after the decease of
Sir John de Grey in 1359, seised of lands here, neither the names of Ickford, atte Water, or de
Grey, are found in connection with this place.
The family of de Grey appears to have acquired possessions in Ickford in the following manner:
An estate here which, at the Norman survey, belonged to Mild Crispin and was part of the
Honour of Wal'mgford, was held under him by Richard as four hides, sufficient for four ploughs,
one in the demesne and three kept by six villeins ; there were two servants, and pasture for
four teams ; worth altogether 3/. ; and \l. when he first held it, as in the time of King Edward.*^
Richard, who also held under the Honour of Walingford, in Ashendon ^ and Chearsley, com-
mitted these lands in Ickford, by a subinfeudation, to the family of Appleton, who were likewise
tenants of Draycot, in Oxfordshire (but within this parish), and in 1234 this portion of Ickford
was included in the liberty of Earl Richard, and in the hands of Thomas de Appleton, who in
1254 paid scutage^ for Ickford as a member of Draycot. The Appletons shared with the Earl
of Cornwall in the feudal privilege of wards in Ickford.^ In 1261 a fine was passed of lands in
Ickford, between Thomas de Appleton and Thomas de Valoignes.'" In 1267 Sir Thomas de
Appleton, Knt. granted lands in Ickford to Dionisia de Stoke, as part of his Manor of Appleton,
CO. Berks." He passed a fine of lands here to Robert Fitz-Reginald, of Carswell, or Caswell,
CO. Oxon.'2 Dionisia de Stoke died seised of one knight's fee in Ickford and Upton, being then
the wife of Milo Hastings.'^
The lands of Valoignes in Ickford passed with their estate in East-Claydon '^ by Joane the
heiress of her family, to the de Greys of Rotherfield, for in 1292 a meadow here was included in
a fine passed by Joane de Grey of her estate in Claydon,'^ and in 1298 she died seised of lands
in Ickford.'*' After Sir John de Grey's death the Convents of Bisham or Bustlesham, St. Frides-
' Ex dono Barthol. dc Yckeford. Test, apud Winton. "i^. Oct. per man. Will, de Longo-campo Eliensi elect. Cancel,
nost. An. Reg. nost. primo. Mon. Angl. vol. iv. p. 3().5.
■' Esc. 6 Edw. II. no. 29. Cal. vol. i. p. 2M). ^ Ifot Fin. 19 Edu-. II.
' Rot. Fin. 21 Edw. III. s ibid.
^ Terra iVIilonis Crispin. In Horde ten' Ricard" de Milone iiii. hid. T'ra e' iiii. car'. In d'nio e' una, ct vi.
uill'i h'n't III. car'. Ibi ii. serui. P'tu' iiii. car'. In totis ualentiis luil' iii. lib. q'do recep" iiii. lib. T. R. E. t'nt'd'.
Lib. Cens. vol. i. f. 1,30. - See pp. 17, 121.
" See p. 121 ; also Rot. Hund. 39 Hen. III. vol. ii. p. 38. » Ibid. 7 Edw. I. Oxen, vol.ii.p. 757.
'" Rot. Fin. IG Hen. III. ■■ Cardigan MSS. See also p. 121. '^ Rot. Fin. 54. Hen. III.
'^ Cole's MSS. in Mus. Brit, also p. 121. " See p. 160. '* Rot. Fin. 25. Edw. I.
"■ Esc. 27 Edw. I. no. 1 18. Cal. vol. i. p. 152.
ICKFORD. 277
wide, Godstow, and Bradwell, appear to have divided amongst them, but in very unequal portions,
the lands of Ickford ; at least those of which any exact account has been discovered. The
Priory of St. Frideswide held lands here attached to their estate in " Wormenhal and Thomele "
adjacent to Ickford. Of these they were in possession before the Ecclesiastical Taxation of
Pope Nicholas, circ. 1291, being then of small value ; ^ and in 1341 mentioned amongst the
temporalities of the Convent in the assessment called the ninths, being then estimated at thirteen
marks and a half, by Walter de Wytteneye, Richard Dagge, John le Webbe, John Wilham,
Will, le Palmer, and Will, le Fysshere.^
Godstow Nunnery acquired lands here by the gift of Bartholomew de Ikeford, as before men-
tioned,^ which, in 1492, were held by Isabel Bodcnham, or Braynton, Abbess, as two virgates at
15*. per ann. ;"* and at the surrender by Kathcrinc Bulkcley, the last Abbess, in 1537, these were
called " Church Ikforde and Parva Ikford, with tenements in Wightham, co. Berks." ^ This
estate having been severed from the Earl of Morton's lands, was, after the dissolution of religious
houses, reunited by a crown grant.
Bradwell Ahheij Lands are presumed the same which are mentioned in a fine passed in 1325
between Roger le Hunt and Sibel his wife, and Nicholas de Ryhall, Parson of the Church of
Ikeford, (other fines relative to Bradwell including the same name) ^ being part of the alienation
of the lands of the atte Waters, but which was called in question in 1380, when it was found by
an Inquisition that the Prior and Convent of Bradwell had appropriated to their own use, without
license, forty acres of waste here : and it might be imagined that this Convent was very rapacious,
being likewise charged with similar encroachments in Padbury, Tingewick, Stoke-Goldington,
Gothurst, Weston-Underwood, Sherrington, Towersey, and Datchet,^ if it were not well understood
that such proceedings were at that period frequently instituted, for the purpose of obtaining
money for the confirmation of grants rendered disputable by some informahty, or difficult to be
produced in those turbulent and distracted times.
Bisham Ahheif estate having been acquired either under a fine passed in 1349 between
Sir John de Grey and Peter le Hoo, Clerk,^ or perhaps by grant from the atte Waters, (for
that Convent was founded by William de Montacute, whose family had succeeded to the lands
of the Earl of Morton of which the atte Waters were tenants,) continued to belong to the
same house until 1536, when the possessions of Bisham in Ickford were estimated at IIZ. 13*. 9^fi?.
agreeable to the prevailing policy, of computing ecclesiastical property at a rate much below its
real value ; ^ and then coming to the Crown, this Manor, with its appurtenances, was, in 1537,
granted by the King to his new foundation, upon the erection of Bisham into a mitred Abbey ; "^
and that being also dissolved in the ensuing year, the Manor of Ickford with Edgecroft, and
lands late of Godstow Nunnery, were granted in capite to Bartholomew Pigot, Esq. of Aston-
Rowant, co. Oxon, and his heirs.
Taxat. P. Nic. p. 34'. " Nonar. Inquis. Buck. p. 339. ' See p. 276.
Monast. Anglic, vol. iv. p. 373. » Coniput. of Ministers' Accounts in Rot. 32 Hen. VIII. Monast. ut antea.
Rot. Fin. 19 Edw. II. ? Esc. 4 Ric. II. no. 101. Cal. vol. iii. p. 34.
Rot. Fin. 33 Edw. III. ' Sinclair on the Revenue, vol. i. p. 183.
' Rot. Pat. 29 Hen. VIII. Test. 18 Dec. and Monast. Anglic, vol. vi. p. 532.
278
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
PEDIGREE OF PIGOT, of ICKFORU; and of ASTON-ROWANT, co. OXON.
ancient Familj Pedigree, Harleian MSS. 1533 snd 1364, Cole's RISS.
Parochial Registers, &c,
2. GiJJard. 3. Erni. on a fess S. tliree lions heads erased Arg
beaked and legged Gu. between eight crosslets 6tchc of the Second. Putli
Arg. Lcnthall. IS. Girony O- and S. in dexter chief Gu. a covered c
7. Az. a bend cotized A.r. charged with a lion passant gardant S. Totlell.
;n six martlets S. Tempeil. 9. Arg. a pair of water bougets between six fleurs de
itli a martlet. Banesler. 10. Erm. on a fess Gu. three martlets Arg dlffer-
nt. LislcT. 1 1. Party per pale indented Ar, and Sab. Atkinson.
>. Margaret, sole dau. and:
heirof John Giffard, Esq. I,y
i\Iargaret, dau. of William
Wuoley or VVolley, of Camp-
den, CO. Glouc [Ped. of
Giffard, of U'HAunoN.]
= 1. Robert PiGOT, Esq. of Little Horwood and W'haddon, eldest="JuLJANA, wid. of Rob. Pigot, of Little-Horwood,
son of Richard Pigot, desceniled from the Pigots of Melmonby daughter of and Agnes, and molher of Will.
andRipon, co. Yorl; ; Steward to the Duke of York, a retainer Pigot, of Horwuod, will dated 1467." [Willis's MSS.
of Cecilia Duchess of York temp. Hen. 6. [Peu. of Pigot, of from Horwood Regist. name omitted in the family
VVhaddon.] pedigree.]
RouERT Pigot, Esq. of Aston-
Rowant, CO. Oxon, jureuxoris
[Fam. Ped. Harl. MS. 1533. f.
13. makes this Robert son of
Richard, and father of Serj. Pi-
got instead of brother.]
■■{■•i) Isabel!., dau. and hr. Anne, dai
of "Hen.Dogget, ofAs- and hr. of
ton-Ruwant, "neere kins- . . . . Fors
man to L. Cranfeelde, of ter, of
Dodersall." [Fam. Ped.] Writtle,
CO. Essex,
Richard Pigott, " held =pELEANnR, dau. of
Milksoppe Manor, in As- Will. Puttenham,
ton-Ro»ant, with lands in of Pcnn, by Anne,
Chawforde, Kingeston, and d. of Jolin Hamp-
Stoken Church." den, esq. of Great
Hampden. [Ped.
of Hampden.]
:Tii0MAS Pigot, Esq. Ser-:
jeantatLaw 2 Hen. 8; ob.
1517, bur. at VVhaddon 25
Feb.
^Elizabeth, dau. and coh. of John " Euerby,
Esq. of Quainton-Mallet;" mar. 2dly, to Will.
Elmes, Esq. of Lilford, co. Northamp.
Pigot, of Doddersha
William Pigot, Esq. of Hor
Fulles- wood; will dated
ste, of Ffern
Hugh, CO. in
TC. had much Plg(
e." cast
[called
son of Juliana wife of Robei
in Willis's MSS.] ancestor of
f Kempley, co. Glou-
1553 (7 Ed. 6.)
:Marv, dau. of Sir Francis Pigot, 2d son
John Longueville, ancestor of Pigot of
Knt. of Wolverton. Stratton, co. Beds
[Ped. of LoNGUE- Studham, He
VILLE.] EdLESDOROUGH, BuCKS
and
Ew Pigot, eld. =f:(5) Julian, dau.
s,m, grantee of Ickford[R,
Pat. 32 Hen. 8] ; ob. 155
bur. at Aston-Rowant. [Pi
Resist.]
ofTho. Lenthall,
Esq. of Lachford,
CO. Oxon.
Edmi'nd, 1 .
Andrew; j"''-^- 1
Sibil.
[Leonard, Harl.
MS. 1533.]
Leonard Pigot, =;
=Katherine, dau. of Humph.
of Little Horwood
Ashfield, Esq. of Hevthrop,
[called in one Pe-
CO. Oxon : bur. at Lit. Hor-
digree son of
wood a Feb. 1594. [Par.
Richard.]
Regist.]
^;^'}ob.s
Bartho-=j= 6) Eliza- Eliza-:
dau. BETH,
and coh. of dau. of
ret- Steph.
T, eldest
Whitfield,
CO. Oxon.
Beck-
^2. Nicho-
las PlGOl
of Aston-
zAnne, Richard (U) Anne=pThomas=, 7). . .
of
Cecill,
vid. of
James
Bray-
broke.
Atkinson,
Master mother w
ofOxf. dau. of..
Sv'^f ^■'-
St. Marg.
Hall,
Pigot
"yo
of Ric
tell, gen
London.
Thomas, lob.
Humphrey, /s. p.
pest, Esq. of [Harl. MS. 1533.]
Bracewell. Anne, eld. dau. and
Bridget, mar. hr. mar. to .Samuel
1st, to 9) .. Danvers, Esq. of
Banester;2dly, Cul worth, co.North-
W.(IO}Lister, aipp. " qui ob. apud
of Medhoppe, HarwoodParv.1598."
co.York; "had [Ped. of Danvers.]
issue." RLuigaret, 2d dau.
Wl!
^.ICHARD riGOT, tllZABETH,
lied before Gil- mar. t.> Rich. '< eld. son, si
ingham, in Bre- Bucklnad, of followeth, Jo
agnel59.., StokenCh. seph's profes-
■ p. CO. Oxon. sion."
John Pigot, eldest Anne.
son, qu. if bur. at " Fi( auncess."
Aston-Rowant 20 ARABELLA,bap.l Ja
Dec. 1644 ? [Par. Elinora, bap. 3 Ja
Reg ] [Par. Reg. sed qu..'
person. Will. Pierce,
a soldier." [Fam. pe-
156-2. dig.] but Hir W.
1564. Piers, Knt. (Harl.
MSS. 1533. f. 13.]
To whom the estate of the Pigots subsequently passed is not very clear. The family of Dan-
vers, allied by the marriage of Samuel Danvers, Esq. of CuKvorth, eo. Northampton, with Anne,
eldest daughter and coheiress of Leonard Pigot, (whose descent in some pedigrees is derived from
Richard Pigot, father of the grantee of Ickford, though with stronger shew of probability more
distantly related to him,) unsupported by any evidence of his participation in those lands of inhe-
ritance, affords no explanation of the manner in which his ancestors, the Danverses, originally
actjuired property here; but either by grant, descent, or purchase, they had acquired a temporal
ICKFORD. 279
estate, as well as the advowson, in or before the reign of Henry VI. though whether through
their alliance with the Greys of Rotherfield by means of the Quatermains of Rycot, or from the
Brulys or Hampdens, is not positively established. Willis states, that John Danvers, Esq. died in
1509, seised of Ickford manor and advowson ; ' and Lysons, that one moiety of this manor was
vested in that family early in the sixteenth century,^ but all which has been collected from
authentic records of their possessions here, amounts to little more than — that upon the ex-
tinction of the branch of Danvers, of Waterstock. by failure of issue male, when the advowson
of Ickford passed by the marriage of the eldest daughter and coheiress of Sir John Danvers, Knt.
her sister Elizabeth, second daughter and coheiress of Sir John Danvers, by Anne, daughter of
William Hampden, Esq. of Hartwell,^ being married to Sir Thomas Cave, Knt. of Stanford, co.
Northampton, a fine was passed in 1528 between John Smith and Andrew Bernard, and the said
Thomas Cave and Elizabeth his wife, of lands here, which were then settled upon them, with
remainder to the heirs of the said Elizabeth,'* who died about 1558, but whether her estate here
had been previously alienated is unknown. However, in 1544, the manor of Ickford-Parva, with
lands, &c. was conveyed by Sir John Williams, Knt. of Thame, to Thomas Tipping, Esq. of
Draycot in this parish, who in 1601 died seised ; ^ and continuing to belong to the family,^ in 1703
an act of parliament was passed to enable Sir Thomas Tipping, Bart, to dispose of this manor,'' of
which divers portions, previously held by lessees, were then enfranchised or the reversions sold :
and the manor and demesnes, with the remainder of the lands conveyed to Sir Edmund Harrison,
Knt. by whom the estate was bequeathed to Mary his wife for life, with remainder to his only son
Fiennes Harrison, Esq. of St. James's, Clcrkenwell, co. Middlesex, who, on the decease of Dame
Mary Harrison, came into possession ; and dying intestate, his four sisters, Cecilia, wife of Wil-
liam Snell, Esq. of London ; Sarah, wife of Joel Watson (who dying after issue, but before her
brother, her husband became entitled in her stead) of London, Merchant ; Jane, the wife of Matthias
King, Esq. of Hackney ; and Mary, wife of Samuel Read, Esq. sbared his estate : and William
Snell and Joel Watson having thereupon purchased the respective shares of Jane King and IMary
Read, were seised of this manor and estate in moieties. Wilham Snell, Esq. dying in 1759, left
issue a son, William Snell, who having bequeathed his moiety to Elizabeth his wife, for her life,
and dying s. p. it passed to his sister Cecilia, the wife of John Hood, Esq. and at his death,
descended to his son William Hood, Esq. of Bardon Park, co. Leicester, Bencher of the Inner
Temple. Joel Watson devised his moiety to Cecilia, his daughter, wife of Thomas Delaval, of
Seaton-Delaval, in Northumberland, and it was by her bequeathed to her niece Mary, daughter of Sir
John Danvers, Bart, of Swithland, co. Leicester (by Mary, sister of the said Ceciha Delaval) who
being married to the Honourable Augustus Richard Butler, second son of Brinsley second Earl of
Lanesborough, he, having taken the name of Danvers, together with the same Mary his wife, soon
afterwards conveyed their estate in Ickford to Henry Woolhouse Disney Roebuck, Esq. who died
27 March 1796, aet. 63, and his son Henry Disney Roebuck, Esq. of Ingress Park, co. Kent,
having completed the purchase, upon a subsequent division of the estate, about 273 acres in Ick-
ford were assigned to him, and about 250 acres with the manor, including also the fishery, to the
before-mentioned William Hood, Esq. who are respectively the present possessors.
^ MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. - Magn. Brit. vol. i. p. 583. ' Pedigrees of Hampden and Danvers.
4 Rot. Fin. 20 Hen. VHI. ' Inquis. at Henley, 25 Sep. 43 Eliz.
* Pedigree of Tipping in Wormenhall and Siiabbington. ' Stat. 2 Anne, c. 11. pr. Pickering, vol. ii.
280
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
PEDIGREE OF DAm^ERS, HARRISON, SNELL, and HOOD.
From Histories of Leicestershire, Nortliamptonsliire, the Baronetages, and other authorities.
I Harrison, Knt. (14 Dec. I6-,<)G)=pMary, dau. of Natha
pui
Dhased Icliford.
Sir Joseph Danvers, Bart.=p. . .
of Swithland, co. Leic
M. P. for Boroughbridge
1722,Bramberl727,Totnes
1734, 1741, cr. Bart. 20
Geo. 2. ob. 2S Oct. 1762.
Frances, ob. inf. 1724. S:
Catherine, mar. to. . . Lee, Danvers,
Esq. of Coton, CO. Salop. Bart.
Annc (or qu. Lucy .') mar. High
tn the Hon. John Grey, Sheriff of
broth, to the Earl of Stam- Leicester
ford, &c. ob. 1793, s. p. 1755.
FiENNts Joel WATsoN,=f Sarah,
Harri- Merchant of 2d dau.
S0N,E5q. London, pur- and
onlyson ; chased part of coheir,
ob.intes. Ickford. mort.
S.p.
Will.Snei.l,=pCecm
Esq. of Lo
part of Icli
ford; ob.4Ju
175f), bur. E
VValthamstov
isioner of the Great Seal in the time of tlie Commonwealth,
77, vidua. [Pedigree of VVykeham and Fiennes ]
T
MaITHIAsKiNG,:
E-iq.ofHackney.
NE,3d Sam. Read,:
dau. and Esq. of
cob. Hackney ;
ob. 7 JNlay
1709.
Mary, only child, mar. to
Dan. Danvers, Esq. of Bath.
[Pedigree of Hood.] Mary, only child.
. ob.
174C
:Mary, dau. Tho.mas^Cecilia, William Snell,^Elizabeth, da. John Hood,^Cecilia Mary, 2d
and coheir, Dela- devisee Esq. held one of Benj. Bond, Esq. of Bar- heir of dau. mar.
mar. 9 Oc- val, ofick- moiety of Ickford; Esqrehct of Jos. don Park, her to Mr.
toberl752, Esq. of ford; be- ob. at Clapham Brooksbank,Esq. Co. Leices- brother William
ob. 17 Sep. co.Nor- queathed 16' Jan. 1789, oet. of Healaugh,co. ter ; ob. 25 ob. vid. Jacomb ;
1800. folk, ob. part of 69. York; devisee of a Aug. 1756. 1790. ob. 1784.
s.p. Ickford to moiety of Ickford,
John Watson
Mary, dau. and:
pHoN. Augustus RiCH.=
Danvers, Esq.
sole h'ress, mar.
Butler, 2d son of
onlyson, born,
8 Mar. 1792,
Brinsley 2d Earl of
circ. 1755;
devisee of her
Lanesborough,torjk the
ob. December
aunt Cecilia
name of Danvers ; ob.
1769.
Delaval; ob.
26 April 1820, having
May 1802.
sold Ickford estate. .
:ELizABizARRE,dau. William Hood, Esq.^MARY, dau. of Cha. John
Buxton, Esq. f)f Hood,
Braxted, CO. Essex: Esq.
ob. 7 April 18C9, ob.
buried in Bunhill cccl.
Fields. 3 Feb.
.f Humph. Sturt, of Bardon Park,
Esq. of Critchell, Leicester; Bencher
CO. Dorset ; rear, of the Temple, Lord
24 May 1802 : ob. of the Manor of Ick-
18 April 1811, in ford 1331.
Ed- Mary,
mund ob.
Hood, innupt.
792.
=Fka. Arabella, dau. of Col. Steph. Freemantle, of Stanhope-
May Fair, Westminster, mar. 20 Aug. 1815.
PEDIGREE OF HOOD.
HnoE, of Bardon Park,
c. 1558.=j=Elizabeth.
Tho
Ho
1623, bur. at Markfield.:
JBETH, 1
Siston.
Francis
Richard :t=Jane, dau. of Tiiomas=
Hood. Tho. Knight- Hood.
ley, Esq. of
I PrestonCapes,
I co.Northamp.
r-TT—' I
Tho.mas. Anne :^homas^Eli;anor Elizabeth, ob. 1715. Job Hood, of St. Mar-=CATnARlNE, ob. Elizabeth, roar, to John Parkes,
Henrv. Strat- I Hood. Frances, mar. to Philip tin, Ludgate; ob. circ. vidua. B.D. Rector of Eydon, co. North-
George. ford. I I Prime. !67(>. ampton.
:Anne, dau. of John Paul Hood, D.D. born at Bardon Park^DoncAS
ThomasCharl- Hood. 1586 ; of Line. coll. Oxon 1602 ; Rector
ton, Esq. of 1620 ; and Rector of Twofold; of Ickford
Sandiacre, co. 1660; and of Eydon, co. Northampton,
Derby. 1 June 1631; Vice Chancellor of Oxford
1661 : ob. 2 June 1(;68, at. 82.
Ljf William Coape, Penelope.
:irc. 1704. Anne, mar.
Elizabeth, married to William Willington, Esq.
xeruft. of Nottingham.
John Hood, of Laurence=CECiLiA, dau. of William Daniel Danvers, Merchant=pELizAB:
Pountney-hill, Lond.ob. 25 Snell, Esq. [Pedigree of of Liverpool; died at Bath,
Aug. 1756, bur. in Bunhill Danvers, Harrison,&c.] bur. at Liverpool.
killed I
tally by the fall
of a chimney at Bath 14 March 1757,
the day of the death of Admiral Byng ;
In a storm, called " Byng's high wind."
Maky, died un-
married, bur. at
Markfield.
r.L Danvers, Esq. died at Bath 19 October=p.MARY, dau. and hr. of Matthias King, Esq. of Hackney, by Jane, 3d dau. and coh. of Sir Edmund Har-
79, tet. 48, bur. at Weston, near Bath. | risen, Knt. mar. 26 Feb. 1754, died at Bristol 1S03, bur. there. \Pbd. of Danvers, Harrison, &c.]
Daniel Danvers, Esq. Capt. Charles Joi
Roy. Marines, ob. coel. 6 Dec. Danvers, Da
1807, bur. at Stonehouse, of Bristol VEi
CO. Devon.
Mary, oh. innupt. Sarah, mar. to Rev. Rob. Jacomhe, of
Eliz. mar. to Samuel Laurence Pountney-hill, Lond. ; ob. at
Howse of Bath ; ob. Wellingborough, co. Northamptonshire,
ICKFORD. 281
Amongst the several alienations of lands in Ickford about the reign of Edward III. a brief
notice is discovered of an estate passed by fine in 1345 (19 Edw. III.) to Sir John Handlo of
Boarstall,' who died seised, as did likewise Edmund de Handlo his grandson and heir in 1358,
the same being part of the Honour of Walingford." Whether this property were the same which
was afterwards included in a fine passed by Geoffrey Dormer and others in 1473,^ and which in
later times belonged to the family of Phillips, may admit of doubt.
The Phillipses were in possession of a considerable estate here, at the time of an enclosure of
the open fields, by a general agreement between the proprietors, circ. 1655 ; and Thomas Phillips,
who was baptised in 1630,'* left a son Thomas, who was his successor, and married the daughter of
Johnshall Crosse, Esq. of Bledlow ; and of the heir or devisee of this family, their lands in
Ickford were subsequently purchased by the Berties, and have descended to the Right Honourable
Montagu Earl of Abingdon,^ who is the present possessor.
Part of the estate of the Tippings, not alienated when the advowson and other lands were
sold, after the death of Sir Thomas Tipping, Bart. circ. 1726, remained in a younger branch of
that family^ until about 1785, when it was conveyed by Bartholomew Tipping, Esq. to the
Honourable Sir William Henry Ashhurst. Knt. of Waterstock, co. Oxon, one of the Justices of
the King's Bench, at whose decease it became the property of his son and heir William Henry
Ashhurst, Esq. many years M. P. for Oxfordshire, who still possesses about 234 acres in that part
of Ickford which is situated in Oxfordshire.
Trinity College in Oxford has a small estate in this Parish, including " Blackford Ground and
a close."
THE VILLAGE
is small and irregular. The Parish was assessed to the provision for Queen Elizabeth's House-
hold in 1598. at 26s. lOd. per ann.7
In 1776, expenses of the poor 61/. 2^. 2d. ; in 1783, advanced to 84/. 4*. lOd. ; in 1822, were
248/. 9*. : and in 1825, returned at 260/. 2^.
In 1811, the number of inhabitants about 250 ; in 1821, returned at 324, comprising 167 males
and 157 females, inhabiting 70 houses.
The rental of the whole Parish was lately assessed upon 1676/. per ann.
THE ADVOWSON
was appendant to the Manor held by the family of Appleton, in the reign of Henry III. and
alienated about 1313, with five messuages, three virgates, and nineteen acres of land, and five of
meadow, to Robert de Lavington ; ^ and passing to the Bretouns was subsequently vested in the
Quatermains of Sydenham and Rycot, co. Oxon ; and although the right of patronage does not
appear to have been exercised by the Danverses, John Danvers, supposed to have derived from
the Quatermains, is stated to have possessed the Advowson with the Manor in 1509,^ and the
former, if not the latter, passed by the marriage of the eldest daughter and coheiress of Sir John
Danvers, Knt. of Waterstock, to William Broughton, Esquire of the body to King Henry VIII.
and was purchased by the family of Tipping, who held it until the close of the seventeenth
century, when it was transferred to the Newells, and ultimately purchased of James Jones, Esq.
' 'See pages 60, 168. ' Esc. 32 EcUv. III. no. 36. Cal. vol. ii. p. 207. ' Rot. Fin. 13 Edw. IV.
* Page 285. * See p. 234', and Pedigree of Bertie. " See Shabbington and Wormenhall.
- Roll 42 Eliz. " Inquis, ad Quod Dam. 7 Edw. II. no. 82. Cal. p. 238. " Willis's MSS.
VOL. I. 2 o
282
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
and Elizabeth his wife (who was the heiress of Newell) by Richard Townsend, Gent, of Newbury,
CO. Berks, before the year 1800 ; and still belongs to this family.
THE RECTORY
was in 1291 valued at 6/. 13,y. 4d. per ann. dodacting 26s. 8(1. a pension to the Rector of Marsh-
Gibbon, arising out of a grant of tithes in Ickford, made to Grestein Abbey by the Montacutcs.'
At the ecclesiastical valuation temp. Henry VIII. it was charged at 9/. 9s. Id. ; tenths 18.y. ll^d. ;
Archidiaconals 10^. 7^d. with the pension to Marsh, as originally granted.
The glebe consists of " Parson's Piece," and a meadow about 18 acres.
RECTORS.
Robert de Tiirs, presented 1226, by John de
Tiwe, liaving the custody of the lands of Geoffrey de
Appleton.
Jeffrey de Boxhose resigned, and was succeeded by
Nicholas de Rijhall, 27 July 1318, on the presenta-
tion of Guy Bretoun, and on ills cession,
Jo/m de Bilney, presented It Dec. 1333, by Guy
Bretoun.
JVilliam Somerton, died, and
Bohert Phippes was presented Jan. 1387, by Thomas
Merington, WilHam Wolfe, and " others, by their te-
nure of lands, and of the advowson lately purchased of
John, son and heir of William Bretoun."
Alexander Coitrteys, A. M. presented 5 Mar. 1405,
by tiie King : and, on his resignation,
John Gorcicell was presented, 29 Sept. 1-112, by
John Clayrell.
IVillicDii Cubby ng resigned, and was succeeded by
JVillicnii Dyckf, 13 Feb. 1433, on the presentation
of Ilicliard Quatermaine, Esq.
Ihuinns Dalton, presented by the same, 25 Mar.
14 M).
Thomas Palmer, pr. 21 Aug. 1458, by the feoffees
ot Kic. Quatermaine, Esq. and, on his resignation,
JVilliam Lilchjield, LL. B. was presented 5 June
1484, by The. Palmer, Esq.
Bohert Barker, presented 1405; died in 1517.
Thomas JVcdewson, pr. 18 Aug. 1517, by William
BrouglUon, Esq. (or qu. Boughton ?)
Thomas Smith, presented by Tho. Broughlon, or
Boughton, Es(i. and instituted 27 Oct. 1518, was, at
his death, succeeded by
JVilliam Hubbard, instit. 2 Dec. 1553, on the pre-
sentation of Will. \^'aryng, by grant of Nicholas Hub-
bard and Dorothy his wife. On his cession,
BIchard Shericin, pr. 14 Oct. 1557: resigned.
Robert Evans, circ. 1563; buried here 21 Sept. 1597.
John Seller, B. D. pr. 17 Jan. 1597, by Tho. Tip-
ping, Esq. ; was buried here 3 Ap. 1632.
Calibute Downing, 1632; resigned in 1636 : by whom
presented is unknown. According lo some accounts
he was descended from an ancient family in Essex : but
according to others,'' was the eldest son of Calibute
Downing, Esq. of Shennington, in Gloucestershire,^ by
Anne, daughter of Rich. Brett, D. D. an eminent
Oriental scholar, one of the translators of the Bible,
and Rector of Quainton,^ of which church this Calibute
Downing was sometime Curate; and, as may be infer-
red, before 1627, as he was married at Quainton,
2 Dec. in that year, and his mother was buried there
in 1630. "^ He was a Commoner of Oriel coll. Oxford
in 1623, being about 17 years of age: afterwards A. B.
and went either to Cambridge or abroad. Having
taken holy orders, he was made LL. D. and presented
to this Rectory, and the Rectory of West Ilsley, co.
Berks, but exchanged the latter for the Vicarage of
Hackney, which he held with Ickford. His biographer
says, " these not being sufficient for his avaricious dis-
position, he stood in competition witli Dr. Gilbert
Sheldon (afterwards Archbisho]i) for the Wardenship
of All Souls college," on the death of Dr. Rich. Astley,
but not succeeding, strenuously endeavoured to obtain
the place of Chaplain to Thomas Earl of Strafford, Lord
Lieutenant of Ireland, and " thinking that employ-
ment the readiest way to be a Bishop, lie writ stoutly
in justification of that calling, and was ready ever and
See page 275, also Taxat. V. Nic
Atkins's Hist. p. (M2.
" Anne, wife of Calibute Douniii'
p. 34. - Wood's Athcnrc, vol. ii. p. 48, ed. 1721.
< Sec Quainton.
elder, bur. 10 Dec. 1G30." Quainton Regist.
ICKFORD.
283
anon to maintain it in his discourses ; but upon some
discontent watching an opportunity to gain prefer-
ment," and " being fitted for any base employment,
and one who ever loolved awry on the Church, in which,
if settled and in peace, he could never hope to advance
higher than being Minister of Hackney, he joined the
Parliamentary party, became a zealous promoter of all
their designs, and was conspicuous for his boldness both
in the pulpit and out of it : exerting himself with great
and indecent vehemence in a sermon before the Artil-
lery Company of London in 1640, and audaciously
affirming, that for the defence of religion, and refor-
mation of the church, it was lawful to take up arms
against the King. However, this discourse being likely
to bring him into trouble as well as disgrace, he retired
to the house of Robert Earl of Warwick, at Little
Leighs, in Essex," which Anthony a Wood denomi-
nates " the common rendezvous of all schismatical
preachers in those parts," and left his sermon to make
what impression* it might. He was afterwards Chap-
lain to a regiment commanded by John Lord Robartes,
under the Earl of Essex, "where he preached and
prayed continually against the King and his cause."
In 1643 he took the covenant, and was made one of
the Assembly of Divines : but quitted them and joined
the Independents. He was appointed by Parliament,
20 June 1643, one of the licensers of books of Divinity:
and often preached against pacific measures : but his
biographer adds, " Behold, while he was in the height
of these diabolical and rebellious actions, he was sud-
denly, and justly, cut off from the face of the earth;
and was no more seen." He resigned this Rectory some
years before his death, in 1644.' He left two daugh-
ters, Elizabeth and Anne, besides other children, of
whom George Downing, of Gamlingay, co. Cambridge,
■was knighted, and sat in Parliament for Morpeth : was
also Envoy to Holland, Secretary of the Treasury, and,
1 July, 15 Car. II., a Baronet, and grandfather of the
founder of Downing college in Cambridge.
Calibute Downing was the author of, 1. A Discourse
of the State Ecclesiastical : Oxon, 1633, with a Digres-
sion, discussing some exceptions against Ecclesiastical
Officers. Wood denies his being the real author, not-
withstanding his name is affixed. 2. A Discovery of
tlie false grounds the Bavarian party have laid to settle
their own Faction, &c. 1641, 4to. London, with a Dis-
course on the Interest of England, annexed. 3. A dis-
coursive Conjecture upon the Reasons that produce a
desired event of the present Troubles of Great Britain,
&c. Lond. 1641, 4to. 4. Considerations towards a
peaceable Reformation in matters Ecclesiastical. Lond.
1641, 4to. 3. A Sermon before the Renowned Com-
pany of Artillery, 1 Sept. 1640, on Deuter. ch. 25, ver-
IT. Lond. 1642, 4to. 6. A Fast Sermon, before the
House of Commons, 2 Thessal. ch. 3. ver. 2, preached
31 Aug. 1642, in consequence of an order made 27 July
preceding.^
Gilbert Sheldon, D. D. Warden of All Souls coll.
Oxford, pr. by the King, on the minority of Tho. Tip-
ping; andinstit. 8 May 1636, on the cession of Down-
ing. He was the youngest son of Roger Sheldon, of
Stanton, co. Staffijrd, born there 19 July 1598 ; receiv-
ing his name from his godfather Gilbert Earl of Shrews-
bury. He was of Trinity coll. Oxon, 1613, proceeded
in Arts 1620 : Fellow of All Souls 1622 : entered into
holy orders : was Chaplain to Lord Keeper Coventry,
by whom he was recommended to the King. He was
made Prebendary of Gloucester, Vicar of Hackney, in
Middlesex ; in 1634, D. D. and Warden of All Souls
coll. ; also. Chaplain in Ordinary and Clerk of the
Closet to the King, who designed his higher promotion,
but was prevented by the troubles which ensued. Dr.
Sheldon attended the King's Commissioners at Ux-
bridge in 1635. In 1647 he was ejected from all liis
ecclesiastical offices, and by order of the Parliamentary
Visitors of the University of Oxford, in 1648, impri-
soned : partly to prevent the exercise of his influence
there, and partly to prevent his joining the King in the
Isle of Wight. After his release, in October 1648, he
retired to Snelston, in Derbyshire, and from that neigh-
bourhood supplied the King with money collected
amongst his friends. Having remained in privacy until
the Restoration, Dr. Palmer, who had intruded into the
Wardenship of All-Souls, dying in 1659, the election
of a successor was postponed, and restitution made to
Sheldon, who, however, did not resume his station at
Oxford, but was appointed Master of the Savoy, and
Dean of the Chapel Royal: and, 28 Oct. 1660, conse-
• In a MS. volume of accounts in the autograph of General Fairfax, and regularly audited and signed by E. Grosve-
nor, Jo. Barkestead, and Jo. Rushworth, as well as Fairfax himself; now in the possession of Robert Greenhill Russell,
Esq. IM. P. are entries to the following effect : " Repaid by Mr. Downing, disburst to Dougall M'Forson for intelligence
in 1649, 20/. To Mr. Downing, by warrant 28 Sep. 1650, 50/. ; and 31 Oct. 1650, iSIr. Downing, contingencies, 50/."
This, however, could not have been Calibute, if he died in 1644, but might have been his son, baptized at Quainton,
3 Oct. 1628. ' Commons' Journals.
284
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
crated Bisliop of London ; so that he did not again
hold this Rectory. In 1663 he was promoted to the
See of Canterbury : remained at Lambeth during tlie
great plague in 1663 : in 1667, was made Chancellor
of Oxford, to which University lie was a most liberal
benefactor, by the erection of the public theatre and
numerous donations. He died 9 Nov. 1677, and was
buried at Croydon ; where he has a sumptuous monu-
ment. As an author, he is only known to have pub-
lished, A Sermon before the King, at Whitehall, 28
June 1660, on the Thanksgiving for his ]\Lijesty's
happy Return, on Ps. 18, ver. 19. Lond. 1660; but
amongst the Harleian MSS. are two volumes of letters
to and from Archbishop Sheldon.'
Paul Hood, S. T. P. took out a legal tide, 6 Nov.
1660. He was of Lincoln coll. Oxon, and Rector of
that Society 1620, and of Twyford ; also, of Eydon, co.
Northampton, from 1631 to 1649, being ousted by
an intruder:' Vice Chancellor 1660: died 2 June
1668, and was buried in All Saints church, Oxford.-"
John Norman, instituted 3 Aug. 1667, on the pre-
sentation of John Houghton, D. D. and died in 1674.
Richard Piddington, A. ^NI. inst. 1 1 Mar. 1674, on
the presentation of Sir Tho. Tipping, Knt. He was
of Lincoln coll. Oxon, A. ^L 25 Jnne 1674; died in
1728, and was buried here.
George Rye, D. D. inst. 30 Dec. 1728, on the pre-
sentation of John Beauchamp, Esq. He was of Oriel
colL Oxon ; A. M. 2 Jul. 1698 ; B. D. 19 Jan. 1713 ;
D. D. 7 Dec. 1713; also Archdeacon of Oxford.
JVilliam Newell, A. M. presented by Evans Pytt,
M. D. and inducted 27 Feb. 1737. He was of Ch.
Ch. Oxon ; A. M. 28 June 1726. He died, and was
succeeded by
John Rigby, A.M. inducted 15 INIar. 1747, on the
presentation of Hester Newell, widow, of Adwell, co.
Oxon. He was of Wadham coll. A. M. 23 June 1734,
and died 24 May 1775.
Samuel Newell, A. B. presented by Esther Newell,
widow, and inducted 9 July, 1776. He was also Rec-
tor of Adwell, and Chaplain to George Henry Earl of
Lichfield; and died at Dinton, in November 1802;
being succeeded by
Thomas Aubrey Grantham, A. B. inducted 2 April
1803, on the presentation of Rich. Townsend, Gent,
of Newbury, co. Berks. He resigned; and was suc-
ceeded by
John Capel Townsend, A. B. inducted I June 1808,
on the presentation of Rich. Townsend, Gent. He was
of St. John's coll. Oxon, A. M. 4 May 1809 ; also Rec-
tor of Alkerton, in Oxfordshire.
PAROCHIAL CHARITIES.
Tliomas Phillips, of I ck ford, settled by deed in 1697, a rent-charge out of his estate here, on the minister and
six trustees, to provide annually three coats, three gowns, and other clothes for poor persons, to be distributed
about Christmas.
In 1733, Thomas Phillips, his son, also by deed, augmented his father's donation, and settled 10/. per ann.
on a school-master, to instruct poor children ; but the trustees appointed, being dead, and no others nominated
in 1786, < it was returned that " this charity had never been received."
The last-mentioned Thomas Phillips was born here in 1708, and his family being Roman Catholics, he wag
educated at St. Omer's, in France, and entered into the Society of Jesuits ; but did not continue long among
them, having, as is said, through the intererest of Charles Stuart (called the Chevalier de St. George),
obtained a Prebend, or Canonry, in the Cathedral of Tongres. He died at Liege, in 1774, having been the
author of " A Letter to a Student in Divinity," 8vo. 1756 : which passed through three editions, and has been
commended for many excellent rules and observations contained in it : and " The Life of Cardinal Pole," 2 vols.
4to. 1764, and 2 vols. 8vo. 1767.'
A sister of this Thomas Phillips was Abbess of die Benedictine Convent at Ghent.
' Wood's Athente, vol. ii. p. 162. Biograph. Diet. See also, Hastcd's Kent, vol. xii. p. 4S7, and Ayliffe's Ancient
and Present State of Oxford, vol. i. p. 472.
» Hist, of Northanip. vol. i. p. 505. ^ Pedigree of Danvers, Harrison, and Hood, p. 280.
* Returns of Charitable Donations, vol. i. p. 59. s European Mag. vol. xxx. and Biograph. Diet.
ICKFORD.
285
THE CHURCH,
dedicated to St. Nicholas, is a small building capable of containing about two hundred persons :
and consisting of a nave with two aisles, a chancel, with a gable roof tiled, having thereon two
small stone crosses ; and, at the west end of the nave, a square tower. On the south side is a porch
■with a double-arched doorway, the interior supported by three-quarter circular columns, with
sculptured Norman capitals. The windows are extremely irregular ; some of them mullioned,
with pointed arches, and corbelled mouldings ; others divided by piers : the roof of the chancel
higher than the nave, the aisles covered with lead, sloping to the walls, which have graduated
buttresses. In the east window of the chancel, which consists of three trefoil-headed lights, with
quaterfoils in the spandrils, are these arms, Barry of six Arg. and Az. over all a bend Gules.
The nave and chancel are ceiled. Between them is a pointed arch, supported by two pairs of
circular columns, with wrought capitals ; and near the east window is a bracket for a light. A
sculptured fillet, or dado, about four feet above the floor, is carried along the south side of the
chancel. Between the nave and aisles, are on each side pointed arches, supported by piers and
circular pillars, with plain mouldings. The font is large and ancient. At the west end of the
nave is a small gallery. Near the east end of the south aisle Is a niche for a piscina, under a nail-
headed arch : and another, with a trefolled arch in the chancel.
The tower contains three bells and a saint's bell : the pulpit, in the south-east angle of the nave
is hexaeonal.
In the north aisle, on a mural tablet :
In memory of Mrs. Elizabeth Phillips, the only wife
of Thomas Phillips, Gent, who by her had eight sons
and one daughter. She was a person of great virtue
and true piety : charitable to the poor ; and, besides
the accomplishments peculiar to her sex, she had all
Christian perfections in a very eminent degree. She
was sole daughter of Johnshall Crosse, Esq. and de-
parted this life the tenth day of November, in the year
of our Lord God, 1735, aged 58.
Arms. Az. a lion rampant gardant Ar. on a chief
Ar. five ermines, Phillips ; impaling, quarterly ....
(defaced.)
Crest. On a chapeau, a demi-lion ramp. Arg.
On a small stone :
Thomas Phillips, eldest son of Thomas Phillips,
Gent, by Elizabeth, his wife, died 8 Oct. 1726, aged
8 days.
James Phillips, youngest son of Thomas Phillips,
Gent, by Elizabeth his wife, died the 3d day of Sept.
1730, aet. 11.
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
In the soutli aisle is a mural monuinent with
the arms of Phillips, impaling, Erm. a fess Gu.
Ijetwcen three eagles displayed Sab.
Near this place lye Thomas Phillips, Gent, and
Mary, his only wife. He was liberal to the poor of
this parish, and She a person of eminent piety. He
was baptized W"^ 16di, 1630, and died Jan. 23rd,
1704. She was baptized Jime 18, 1621, and died
Oct"" the 29th, 1681. They left one son and one
daughter, viz. Thomas and Mary.
In the chancel, on the north side, is a monu-
ment with pediment, frieze, and cornice, sup-
ported by black marble pillars, and adorned with
these arms :
Quarterly, 1 and 4, Or, on a bend engrailed Arg.
three phaeons : 2 and 3, Or, two chevrons cheque Or
and Az. Crest. A boar's head coupe on a ducal
coronet.
In compartments, are figures in relievo of
five females on the dexter side, and four males
on the sinister, all kneeling: the former in close
dresses, the latter in doublets : having over their
several heads, these initials :
I. F. A. E. M. and B. G. B. \V.
and below, the following inscription :
Thomas Tipping, Esq. on whom God hath be-
stowed divers and sundry his benefits, from his tender
years, hath caused this monument of Christian re-
membrance to be erected for himself and Margaret, his
only and most cliast wife, and their nine children, by
God's great blessing born between them both. Anno
Dom. 1595.
By God's appointment I was form'd
fi'om naught but slime and clay,
Fronj earth I came to Earth, I must
therein untill that day
For to remaine, when as those parts
which we corrupted see.
Shall sound and whole appear,
before our Christ eternallie.
My soul and body, be you fixt
on Christ your Strength and Stay.
He doth you keep : he to himself
caleth you alway.
Contem y^ Torment £c desease ;
all worldly chance despise;
Feare not the Grave ; assure yourselves
with Christ your Guide to rise :
Who shall prepare your princely seats,
your Light, your Life, your Crowne,
Is he : rewarding all his saynts,
with Glory &; Renowne.
On a slab :
Here lieth the body of Mr. Edmund Laurence,
Gent, who departed this life, 4 May, Anno Dom. 1645.
His life was honest, and his end was good :
His soul is sm-ely with the Lord.
On lozenge-shaped stones :
Li memory of Walter, son of Andrew Symes, Gent,
and Merial his wife, who died April 1, 1694, aged
2 years, 6 months, and 3 days.
Dcpositum Andrea; Symes, Gen. ob. 18 Sep. An.
Sal. 1707, a?tat 41.
Here lycth y^ body of Mireal Symes, ye wife of An-
drew Symes, Gent, who died March y" 4tl', 1740,
aged 70.'
On a srjuare tablet of black marble, affixed
to the south wall of the church, exteriorly :
Hoc saxum visus morituro mihi posui Thomas Pliil-
lips. Gentleman, 1740.
Near the south side of the chancel, are three
old tombs, the sides divided into compartments,
and the covers formed of very thick slabs ; but
without arms or inscription.
The family of Symes, of Frampton Cotterel, co. Glouc. was related to the Tippings of Shabbington and Ickford.
ILMER. 287
ILMER, ILMERE, HILMER,
situated in a low watery border of the Chiltern Hills, is bounded on the north by Aston-Sand-
ford ; on the east by Monk's Risborough and Prince's Risborough : on the south by Prince's
Risborough ; and on the west by Kingsey, Towersey, Bledlow, and Saundcrton ; contains a])0ut
five hundred acres of land, of which one half is arable : but entirely omitted in St. John Priest's
map of the County, prefixed to his agricultural survey.
The soil is a cold loamy clay.
The whole parish was inclosed about the year 1657, and is tithe free.
In the reign of Edward III. Ilmere was assessed to the Ninths at eight marks and a half, and
it was certified that the inhabitants were too poor to cultivate the land; that there were few
sheep, on account of a deficiency of pasture ; and no merchants or cattle-dealers.'
In 1599 it was assessed to the "service of beeves and muttons" for the Queen's household, at
1/. Is. 5d. and Mr. Twedye's lands here at I3s. 5d.^
In 1776 the expenses of the poor 47/. 12^'. In 1783 returned at 28/. In 1785 at 35/. In
1822 had increased to 66/. 2*-. and in 1824 were 85/. 18s.
The parish in 1821 contained only 12 houses, inhabited by 28 males and 40 females. In 1826
the population had increased to 75 in all.
THE MANOR,
at the Norman Survey belonged to Odo Bishop of Bayeux, but was in the hands of his subfeu-
datory Robert, who was taxed at four hides. The land was sufficient for five ploughs ; two in the
demesne ; and eight villeins with one bordar had three ploughs : four servants, a mill valued at
10*. pasture for five teams; the whole rated at 41.: when Odo first held it, 100*.; and the
same in the time of King Edward, when Godwin, a man of Earl Lewin, was the possessor, and
might sell it.^
Robert, who held Ilmere, Addington, and other lands, under this military ecclesiastic, was
Robert de Romenel, who derived his surname from Romney, a port in Kent, of which he is
reputed to have been a native. He was probably admitted to this estate soon after it was given
to Odo, and, notwithstanding the forfeiture of the latter, Romenel and his descendants continued
to enjoy Ilmer which was held by the serjeanty of keeping the King's hawks. In this office
of IMarshal or Keeper, "William de Jarponville, who married Albreda de Romenel, daughter of
Robert or of David de Romenel, succeeded her ancestor, and after his death Thomas Fitz-Bernard
taking to wife Alice his daughter, obtained a charter from King John, confirming to Albreda de
Jarponville, during her life, the enjoyment of the office held by her ancestor, with the reversion to
himself and his heirs, in as ample manner as it had been previously held.''
' Inquis. Nonar. p. 340. " Roll 4-2 Eliz.
^ Terra Ep'i Baiocensis. In Tichesela H'd. In Imere ten' Rob't' de Ep'o iiii"r hidV T'ra e' v car". In dnio
sunt II et VIII uill'i cu' I bord' h'nt III car". Ibi iiii serui, et i molin' de x sol". P'tu' v car". Val' iiii lib'. Q'do re-
cep' c sol' et t'nt'd T. R. E. Hoc CD' tenuit Goduin' h'o Leuuini comif et uende' potuit. Lib. Cens. vol. i. f. 14-4-.
* Marescalcia avium Regis concessa Thomae filio Bernardi. — A. D. ISOi 5 Joh'is. Cart, Antiq. I. 30. — Johannes
288 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
In 1221 Robert Achard, Roger de Cauz, Alinaric de Nowcrs, and Gilbert St. Clare, having
claimed a mediety of Ilnierc as part of the inheritance of David de Ronienel, their common
ancestor, a fine was passed, and they respectively released their rights to Albrcda de Jarponville.'
Albreda was dead probably before 1230, for in that year Ralph Fitz-Bernard passed a fine of lauds
in Ilmere to John de Bledelawe and his heirs, and also settled lands here on Parnell, Prioress of
Studley, and her conventual church ;2 but the legality of thus alienating lands held by serjeanty ^
being disputed by John dc Ilmere, a writ was sent to the Sheriff to make inquisition touching
the serjeanty within his bailiwick, and he was ordered to give full seisin of the premises to the
complainant, John de Ilmere.'*
John Fitz-Bernard died in 12.59 seised of this manor,'' and the King granted the custody of the
heir and his lands to Imbert de Puges, probably the same who is also called Hund)ert and Hubert
Foynings, and said to have held lands in Hilmer and Eston by serjeanty.^ In 130.5 Ralph Fitz-
Bernard died seiscnl of this manor, with Aston as a member thereof, in right of himself and Agatha
his wife ; " and in 1307 Agatha his widow died seised of Ilmere, with Aston and Addington.^ In
131.5 Thomas Fitz-Bernard conveyed this estate to John Blacket,^ who in 1328 died seised.'"
In 1335 another John Black(-t, called the elder, passed a fine of Ilmere and Aston Bernard to Sir
John de Molyns, Knt. of Stoke-Poges, and Egidia his wife." In 1336 Sir John de Molyns
obtained license to impark his woods in Ilmere:'^ and in 1337 a grant of free warren and other
feudal privileges and exemptions here, as in many other estates:'^ and soon after a charter for a
court leet, with the assize of bread and beer, and a grant of the custody of the King's hawks, by
which service this manor had been anciently held. Robert Fitz-Bernard likewise joined in a fine
to strengthen the title of Sir John Molvns and Egidia to the manors of Ilmere and Aston.'* In
Dei gra' Rex Anglise, &c. Sciatis quod ad petitionera et assensum Albride de Runienel, que fuit uxor Willielmi de
Jarpunvill, qui cum eadem Albridfl totam ejus hereditatem habuit et marescalciani avium nostrarum, dedimus et conces-
siiuus et hac carta nostra confirmavimus Thome filio Bernardi, qui habet filiam et heredem predicti Willielmi et pre-
dicte Albrede in uxorem, Marescalciani avium nostrarum quam predictus Willielmus habuit, cum omnibus libertatibus
et liberis consuetudinibus ad earn pcrtinentibus, tenendam et habendam sibi et heredibus suis, ex »e et filiCi piedictorum
Willielmi et Albride descendentibus imperpetuum, ita bene et libere sicut unquam cam predictus V^'illielmus melius et
liberius tenuit.
Quare volumus et firmiter precipimus, quod predictus Thomas et heredes sui, ex se et predictfi uxore descendentes,
liabeant et teneant predictam marescalciam avium nostrarum imperpetuum, bene et in pace, cum omnibus libertatibus
et liberis consuetudinibus ad eam pertinentibus ; ita quod salva sit predicte Albrede tenura hereditatis sue tot.^ tempore
vitesue; et post mortem ejus tola hereditas illius, quam predictus Willielmus cum ill;1 habuit, integrc cum omnibus
pertinentiis in manus predicte Thome, qui filiam predictorum Willielmi et Albrede habet in uxorem, et ad heredes
eorum revertatur, ab eis tenenda et habenda et perpetuo possidenda.
Concessimus eciam et presenti cartfl nostrS. confirmavimus predicte Albride, quod non distringatur ad se maritandam
nisi de voluntate suft, et si se maritare voluerit, hoc faciat cum assensu nostro. Test. G. fil. Petri Com. Essex, Com.
W. Marescallo, apud Wudestoke, xviiio die iSIarcii, anno regni nostri quinto. Rymer's Fccdera, new Ed. vol. i. p. 90.
■ Rot. Fin. 6 Hen. III. ■' Ibid. 15 Hen. HI. ^ 'Pest. de Nevill, p. 2,55.
* Rex Vic. Buck. I've Ostensuni est nobis, ex parte .Joh'is de Ilmere, q'd cum idem Joh'es tenuisset q'ndam t'ram in
Ilmere de Priorissi de Stodley, quam Radu' fil. Bernard (jui terram illam de nobis tenuit in serjancia dederat jam prideni
eidem Priorissce in puram et p'p tuam elemosinam ut d', tu occasione p'edi q'd tibi fecimus de Inquisic'one faciend"
de serjanciis n'ris inballifttuaalienatis, p'fatum Joh'em inde disseis, et ideo tibi p'cipim', quod si ita est, p'd'c'o Joh'i
pleniorem sei'nam re'here facias, &c. Rot. Claus. 28 Hen. HI. ra. It.
' Esc. 4"1 Hen. III. n-' 22. Cal. vol. i. p. 19. '^ Testa de Nevill, p. 245.
' Esc. 34. Ed. I. no 53. Cal. vol. i. p. 208. « lb. p. 226.
» Rot. Fin. 9 Ed. H. n" 208 ; and Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. vol. xvi. p. 120.
'• Esc. 2 Ed. HI. no 27. Cal. vol. ii. p. 14. " Rot. Fin. 9 Ed. HI. '' Dugd. Bar. torn. ii. p. 145.
'^ Brill, p. 99. Rot. Cart. 11 Ed. HI. m. 12. " Rot. Fin. 13 Ed. III.
ILMER. 289
1340 Ilmere was one of Molyns's manors seized into the King's hands,' and soon afterwards was
committed to the custody of John Edred,^ but in 1346 restored to Sir John de Molyns, to whom
a new charter was granted confirming his former privileges, and specifying the manor of Ihnere
with Aston-Bernard as held In capite by the service of being Marshal of the King's hawks and
falcons. Afterwards, upon an exchange and agreement between the King and Sir John de Molyns,
the payment of 3s. Ad. per ann. rents out of Ilmere, for land late of Walter Orpede, and 10*. for
lands late of the Prioress of Studley, was extinguished.^ In 1348 Isabella, daughter of Sir John
Blacket, deceased, released to Sir John de Molyns all her right to the manor of Ilmere, which
was settled on Sir John and Egidia, with remainder to their son William, and the heirs of Sir
John." In 1359 John de Hampden, Sheriff of Bucks, was commanded to deliver seisin of the
manor of Ilmere, then in the King's hands, by reason of contempt, in that Sir John de Molyns
had not appeared to answer to the King's Justices for divers felonies, &c. to William de Molyns,
his son.5 But Egidia Molyns held this Manor during her widowhood, (so that the possession
given to her son was only during the short remainder of the life of his father,) and she died in
1367 seised In fee tail of Ilmere and Aston-Bernard, held by the service of falconry, as formerly
granted to John Blacket :« and after her decease John de Obey, the King's Escheator, was
ordered to take security of Sir William Molyns, Knt. son and heir of Sir John, for this manor,
Scc.'^ Continuing in his family and descendants,^ it was held In 1409 by the service of feeding
the King's falcons, and presenting one sparrow-hawk annually to the King.9 It passed with the
rest of the inheritance, by the marriage of Alianore, daughter and sole heir of William de Molyns,
to Robert Hungerford, Esq. who was admitted to the possession of this estate In 1440; but for-
feited all his lands in 1461 by attainder. The King committed the custody of the escheated pos-
sessions to Lord Wenlock, who was commanded to make a competent provision for Alianore
Lady Hungerford and Molyns, out of the products, but her Lord again joining the Lancastrians
was taken prisoner at Hexham, and beheaded at Newcastle, and his son Thomas having also
suffered death as a traitor In 1468 (8 Edw. IV.), a fine was passed of Ilmere and other manors. In
1474,'° and many aUenations took place of divers portions ; but at the accession of Henry VII.
the attainder of the Lord Molyns and his son being reversed, many of their lands were restored,
and afterwards passed, by the marriage of Mary, sole daughter of Sir Thomas Hungerford, to the
family of Hastings: and Edward Lord Hastings holding Ilmere at 11/. 17*. per ann. having
severed many of his estates, the remainder after the death of Mary his wife, Baroness Hunger-
ford, Homet, Botreaux, Moels, Molyns, and Peverell, descended to George Lord Hastings, who
was advanced to the Earldom of Huntingdon, and died in 1543, being succeeded by Francis Earl
of Huntingdon, K.G." who sold the greater part of the residue of the estates of the family ot
Molyns in Bucks ; and Ilmere was soon afterwards in the hands of the Dormers : for, by an in-
' Stoke Poges, and Pedigree of Molyns : see also p. 99. ° Rot. Fin. 16 Ed. III. m. I*.
3 Willis's MSS. < Rot. Claus. 22 Edw. III. m.27. * Rot. Orig. 33 Ed. III. no 13. Abbrev. vol. ii. p. 255.
•^ Rot. Fin. 40 Ed. III. f. 158. Dugd. Bar. torn. ii. p. 147. ' Rot. Orig. 40 Ed. III. no 1. Abbrev. vol. ii.p. 291.
» Stoke-Poges, and Brill, p. 99. » Hari. MSS. no. 34.
'° The parties to this fine were Thomas Kempe, 15ishop oF London, John Hele, Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield^
Edm. Story, Bishop of Carlisle, John Morton, elk. John Danvers, elk. John Say, Knt. Ralph Verney, Knt. Peter
Baxter, elk. Richard Danvers, John Langston, John Clopton, Thomas Bendysh, Will. Heighani, Esquires, Hen. Dan-
vers, citizen and mercer, of London, nd Stephen Glover, Parson of Whitfield, and John Leynham, Knt. and Mar-
garet his wife. Rot. Fin. 41 Ed. IV.
" See Stoke-Poges, and Pedigree of Hungerford and Hastings: also Brill, p. 100.
VOL. I. 2 P
290 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
quisition in July 1553, after the death of Sir Robert Dormer, Knt. it was found that William
Dormer, his son, was seised of this manor, which at his decease in 1575 descended to his son
Robert Dormer, who was knighted in 1591, created a Baronet 10 June, 1615, and in the same
month Baron Dormer, of IFenge, in Bucks. His Lordship was, in right of the possession of this
manor, Master Falconer to the King,' and died 18 Nov. 1G16: after which Ilmer descended with
Wing',- until, being in the possession of Charles second Earl of Carnarvon and third Baron Dor-
mer, a claim was made at the coronation of James II. (23 April 1685) to be Marshal-Survevor
and Conservator of the King's Hawks in England, with divers fees and nominations of under
officers; but it was not allowed, because " not respecting the coronation."^ After the death of
this Earl in 1709, Ilmer, in default of heirs mule, passed by Elizabeth his daughter and heiress in
marriage to Philip Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield,"* and descended with the family estates to
George- Augustus 6th Earl of Chesterfield, who is the present possessor.
TJie Lands of Missenden Ahheif, in Ilmer, seem to have been the same which, in the reign of
John, belonged to Gilbert Basset, of Wycombe,^ and before the dissolution of religious houses in
the time of Henry VIII. were valued at 7^. 4r/. per ann.
Some small portions of land which had been given for lights to be kept burning in the church,
were in 1585 granted by Queen Elizabeth, on the petition of Sir James Crofte, Knt. Comptroller
of the Household, to John Walton and John Cresset, Gent, at 4.v. per ann. in the occupation of
William Trippe ; other lands of Thomas Hawes at 5*. per ann., of John Osborne at \2d., and of
Eversley lands at \2d. late parcel of Missenden Abbey.^
In 1590 the Queen, on the petition of Edward Dyer, Esc|. granted to William Tipper and
Robert Dawe, their heirs and assigns, two and a half acres of arable, called Church lands, in
Elmer, in the occupation of William Gooding and Thomas Dorrell, at 8c?. per ann. ■
RECTORY, ADVOWSON, AND VICARAGE.
The Advowson of Hilmerc, or Ilmere, was conveyed by Albreda, daughter of David de
Romenel, and Thomas Fitz-Bernard, circ. 1203, to the Nunnery of Stodeley, or Studlcy, co.
Oxon, which donation was confirmed by William de Bleys, Bishop of Lincoln;^ and in 1229 a
fine was passed between Ralph Fitz-Bernard and Juliana Prioress of Stodlegh, in finther assurance
of that grant.3 In 1230 the church was appropriated to the Nuns of Stodeley by Hugh Wclls^
who had succeeded Bishop Bleys at Lincoln. '° Albreda de Jarponville settled on the same convent
a virgate of land here;" which, with the advowson, was held by that house under the thirteen
successive Prioresses '- until the dissolution; after which King Henry VIII. by patent, 26 Feb.
' First Fourteen Years of the Life of King James I. L3'sons's Mag. Brit. vol. i. p. 583.
" Wing and Eythrop in Waddesdon, and Pedigree of Dohmeu.
' Sandford's Hist, and Account of Claims and Ceremonies, p. 1(3.
^ Pedigree of Stamiope, in Eythrop in Waddesdon.
5 Extent. Terrar. Gilberti Basset. Term. Pasc. Rot. S dors, in Kennefs Paroch. Antiq. vol. i. p. 237.
'■■ Hot. Pat. 28 Eliz. Test. 12 Aug. " lb. 33 Eliz. Test. 22 Dec.
" Monast. Anglic, vol. iv. p. 24-9. Dunkin's Hist, of Bullington and Ploughley Hund. p. 133 : not Peter of BJois, as
in Croke's Geneal. p. 426. ■' Rot. Fin. M Hen. HI.
•o Dunkin's Hi.st. p. 68 ; also Rot. Fin. Buck. 14. Hen. HI. no. 87, 98 ; and Le Neve's Fasti, p. 139.
" Mon. Aug. vol. iv. p. 258. " lb. pp. 250, 251.
ILMER.
291
1539, granted, for a valuable consideration, to John Croke, Esq. of Chilton,' his heirs and assigns,
inter alia, the Rectory and Church of Ihnere, in capite.^
The Dormers having acquired the manor, soon afterwards purchased the advowson, with which
the former has since passed.
The Vicarage, discharged from the payment of first fruits and tenths, is valued at 111. Is. clear
yearly value ; Archidiaconals 9*. S^rf. ; and a payment to Studley Priory (called in the ecclesiasti-
cal valuation of Henry Vlll. a Pension to the Rector of Ilmerc) 6*. Sd. In 1810 the income of the
Vicarage was returned at 72/. per ann. arising from "a composition and tithes." In 1816 it was said
to have increased to 97/. ; the glebe-house very small and inconvenient, and " in the last century
20 acres of land belonging to the Vicarage lost."
Walter, said to have been presented by the Prioress
and Convent of Stodeley, and to have died in 1267.'
Walter de Ilmere, presented 21 Oct. 1267, by Eliza-
beth, Prioress, and the Convent of Stodley.
Richard Gladivin, resigned in 1349 ; and was suc-
ceeded by
John de Hoi'icood, 30 April, 1349, on the presenta-
tion of Margery, Prioress of Stodley.
Eobert Burkard, exchanged for the Rectory of
Thisleton, in Rutlandshire, with
John Jonason, who was presented 19 June, 1384, by
Elizabeth, Prioress of Stodley.
Thomas Haddon, presented 21 May, 1388, by Eli-
zabeth Freemantle, Prioress of Stodley. He resigned,
and was succeeded by
Robert Green, pr. 5 Feb. 1395, by the Prioress and
Convent of Studley : and resigning, was succeeded by
John Chicheley, pr. 27 Nov. 1 397 : who resigned, and
John Aylijfe, was presented 30 Oct. 1402, by the
Convent.
John Crook, exchanged for the Rectory of Wey-
bridge, in Surrey, with
John Barre, 18 Dec. 1411.
William Gibbes, admitted Vicar, 4 Aug. 1424.''
John Corringham, in 1445, called Rector of Elmere,
or Ilmere, by Fryth, in his Catalogue of Canons of
Windsor, but supposed an error by Willis.'
Thomas Spencer, pr. 13 Sept. 1447, by the Convent
of Studley.
Thomas or John Hoices occurs in 1447,"^ and died
Vicar 1452.
John Seler, presented 20 June, 1452.
John Bennet, 12 Nov. 1460, on the presentation of
the Convent of Studley.
Robert Byrcham, resignetl 1466.
Henry Stodysbury, pr. 31 July, 1466; and on his
resignation
John Sunday was presented 19 Dec. 1467; and on
his resignation
Robert Richardson, presented 4 Oct. 1474 ; who re-
signed in favour of
Richard ap Jemier, 22 Dec. 1479.
John Taylor, died Vicar 1516.
James Withington, presented 15 Mar. 1516, by the
Prioress of Studley : occurs Vicar in 1534 and 1551,
and in his will (Feb. 1556) desires to be buried in
Ilmere church.
John Palmer, died 1558.
John Swainson, pr. 1 1 Jan. 1558, by Sir Robert Dor-
mer, Knt. By will dated 7 Oct. 1568, he appointed
to be buried in Ilmere chancel.
Martin Wright, Vicar in 1598 and 1607.
Thomas Vandrey, pr. 3 Oct. 1612, by Sir Robert
Dormer, Knt. on the death of the last incumbent ; but
was ejected in 1646.
Thomas Lillington or Lillingston, A.B. Oct. 1647,
held this Vicarage by sequestration ; occurs Curate or
Minister in 1663 and 1666, and probably until his
death : being also Rector of Aston-Sandford.'
John Lillingston, A.B. presented 8 June, 1677, by
Charles Dormer, Earl of Carnarvon : and William
Lillingston, his son, licensed to be Curate in 1682."
■ Chilton, p. 130. ^ Rot. Pat. 31 Hen. VIII.
3 Dodsworth's MSS. vol. 107 in Bibl. Bodl.and Kennefs Paroch. Antiq. vol. i. p. 374.
^ Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon. ' ibid. ^ i^jd.
' Page 48. * Subscription Book at Aylesbury.
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Matthew Palmer, instituted 28 Oct. 1687, on the
presentation of Charles Earl of Carnarvon. He was of
Christ Church, Oxon. A.M. 28 Feb. 1686: resided at
Dinton, and was buried there 26 Sept. 1700.'
Charles Cornish, A. M. instituted 2 Jan. 1700, on
the presentation of Charles Earl of Carnarvon. He
was of Magdalen Hall, Oxon. A.M. 4 July, 1689, re-
signed this living on being presented to a benefice in
Wales: was also Perpetual Curate of Prince's Risbo-
i-ough,' and Curate of Kingsey, where he died and was
buried.
Henry Stanbridge, 27 Sept. 1722, on the presenta-
tion of William Stanhope, Esq. He died in 1746, and
was succeeded by
James Andrew, A. M. inducted 13 Aug. 1746. He
was of Exeter Coll. Oxon. A.M. 28 June, 1745, B. and
D.D. 5 Feb. 1766, and Prebendary of Rochester.
lliomas Jones, A. M. also Rector of Radnage.
THE CHURCH
consists of a nave, chancel, and tower, altogether about 60 feet long : on the north side is a
porch : in the tower are two little bells. In 1662 a license was granted "to take down the Isle or
Vestry on one side of the Church of Ilmere, and to employ the materials in repairing it :" and
the aisle has not been rebuilt. In the south wall of the chancel is a niche for a piscina. The
font is ancient and octagonal, placed near the west end of the nave. Here are neither architectural
ornaments nor monumental inscriptions.
Dinton Register.
« See RisBOROUGH : also Pedigree of Carter, p. 133.
KINGSEY. 293
KINGSEY OR KINGESEY.
The Parishes of Kingscy and Towersey were both anciently included under the same common
denomination of Eye, signifying the nook, or corner, of perhaps the Hundred, or even of the
County, to which they belong, and exactly answering to their situation.
KINGSEY
is bounded on the north by Haddenham and Aston-Sandford ; on the cast, by Aston-Sandford and
Ilmer ; on the south, by Towersey ; and on the west, by Oxfordshire, from which it is separated
by a rivulet which joins the Thame near the town of the same name.
The parish contains about twelve hundred acres, of which more than half are arable. The soil
is a deep clay, with strata of sand ; and a copious supply of water effects a natural irrigation, by
which the meadows and pastures are rendered remarkably verdant.
THE MANOR.
Kingsey, at the Norman Survey, was included in the royal demesnes of Brill,' which, extend-
ing to this extreme angle of the county, probably gave origin to the name of the place. King
Henry the First "gave to William de Bolebecthe land of Kingesheye, which was wontto belong to
the manor of Brill," and was valued at 15/. per ann.^ William de Bolebec held one knight's fee
here in the reign of John.^ His degree of relationship to Hugh de Bolebec, who, by the favour
of the Conqueror, held great possessions in this county, and was allied to the King and the house
of Giftard,4 is not exactly ascertained. He had been succeeded by Herbert de Bolebec before the
close of the reign of Henry the Second; for, in 1190, William de Jarponville paid a fine of ten
marks for the king's license to marry his niece to this Herbert,^ who paid scutage in the 6th and
8th of Richard the First, and 13th of John ■,^ and his name occurs in a fine, passed in 1196, with
Richard de Lorington, of the third part of a knight's fee in Kingscy, claimed in dower by the said
Herbert.^ Gilbert de Bolebec held one fee in Kingsey, in the reign of Henry HI. which Her-
bert, his father, held in the time of the King's grandfather, and of which he died seised, the same
being of the ancient feoftment.^ " Gilbert Bulbeck" died in 1246, seised of a knight's fee in
Kingesheye,9 and another Gilbert de Bolebeck held this manor some few years afterwards. '° Her-
bert de Bolebec died in 1267, seised of Kingsey," and Gilbert, his son and heir, had livery of his
lands, 7 October following. William de Horton accounted to the king for 20s. issuant out of this
manor, " between the vigil of St. Peter and St. Paul," and the day of such livery.'^
■ Page 97. ■' Rot. Hund. 3 Ed. I. vol. i. p. 35. ^ Testa de Nevill, f. 160. p. 24.5.
•• Crendon, p. 200. s Rot. Pip. 2 Ric. I. '= Lib. Rub. Scac. ' Rot, Fin. 8 Ric. I.
* See Lib. Nig. Scaccar. vol. i. f. 197. ' Esc. 31 Hen. IlL no. i. Cal. vol. i. p. 4.
'» Rot. Hund. 39 Hen. III. " Esc. 52 Hen. HL no. 10. Cal. vol. i. p. 31. "■ Rot. Pip. 52 Hen. HI.
■294 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Gilbert de Bolebec being called upon by Quo Warranto to shew his right to frankpledge and
wayfs here, pleaded that the whole vill belonged to him; that he and his ancestors imniemo-
rially held such view of all his tenants once every year; and had wayf without payment for the
same ; but admitted that he had no instruments to punish offenders : and Gilbert de Thornton,
for the king, denied sufficient warrant, unless proof were made of the king's grant. And In Mi-
chaelmas term, 14 Edw. I. Gilbert de Bolebec not appearing, those privileges were seized by the
Crown ; but in the next year he came before the Barons of the Exchequer, (term. Mich. 15 Ed. I.)
and paying a fine of one mark, his liberties were restored.' Gilbert de Bolebec died seised of
Kingsey, held at 12/. 7s. Hd. for one knight's fee,* leaving Simon his son and heir; but the right
of inheritance was disputed by Henry de Bolebec, who clainu^d to be the eldest son and heir, and
l)y another jury was so returned ; ^ and after a protracted contest final judgment was given against
Simon; and Henry de Bolebec possessed the estate: which in 1304 was passed by a fineto Alianore
de Ewelrae, and Geoffrey Ncyrnut and William Neyrnut.'* Other fines were also passed upon the
purchase of divers lands by the same parties, as by Simon de Kingsmede and Maud his wife in
l.'J05,5 and in 1311,^ by John Thorkeld and Joane his wife; and in 1315, the king granted this
numor for one knight's fee to Alianore de Ewelrae, and William Neyrnut, excusing Ahanore during
her life from knight's service, with reservation of other services, and stipulating for the due perform-
ance of knight's service by William Neyrnut after thedeath of Alianore, andhis coming into theestate.''
Alianore held Kingsey in 1349,* and in 13G0 died seised of " lands in Kyngesseye, Wildnore,
Twythoqje, and Toureseye ;" ^ but in 1351, the king had committed to John Toury the custody of
the manor of Robert de Marny in Kingsey,'° who passed a fine of messuages and lands here to
Robert Brakele and Margery his wife: and Joane, widow of John Marny, was by inquisition in
1369, found to have died seised of the manor of Kingsey." Whether there may have been any
mistake in the names, or dates, of these records is perhaps doubtful ; for both John Marny and
Joane his wife are omitted in Dugdale's account of the family, and can be only conjectiiruUi/ in-
serted in the pedigree as collaterals with the grantee of Kingsey. '^
In 1376, Robert de Marny paid eight marks for Heense to enfeoff Robert de Bourton, parson of
Soutli-Wokyndon,'3 co. Essex, and John Colyn, Chaplain, in the manor of Kingsey, with its ap-
purtenances,''* which in 1377 was settled bv those feoffees on Robert de Marny, and Alice his wife,
and the heirs male of the bodv of Robert, with remainder to Ingelrani Bruyn, and the heirs male
of his body ; remainder to Sir William de Elmham, Knt. and the heirs male of his body ; '^ and in
13S3, Thomas Hambden, son of Richard Harabden, and Margery his wife, passed a fine of lands
in Kingescye to Sir Robert de Marny, Knt. and Alice his wife, with the same remainders,'^ which
was confirmed in 1386 !)y Thomas Hambden. '^ The manor of Kingsey descended to Sir William
' Placit. 15 Ed. I. ro. 3. -' Esc. 26 Ed. I. n". 10. Cal. vol. i. p. M-,3.
^ Placit. 26 Ed. I. ro. 21-. Ahbrcv. p. 2:!S. ^ Rot. Fin. 33 Edw. I. -^ lb. 31 Ed. I.
•■ lb. B Ed. II. - Hot. Oi-ig. i) Ed. II. ro. 16. Abbrev. vol. i. p. 227. ' Willis's MSS.
" Esc. 35 Ed. in. no. 22. Cal. vol. ii. p. 229. '" Rot. Orig. 25 Ed. III. ro. 29. Abbrev. vol. ii. p. 220.
" Esc.43Ed. III. no.44.b. Cal. vol. ii. p. 296.
'■ In this, and other instances, the assumption of facts upon evidence at best suspicious, should be received with
caution ; and is only excusable as affording the possible clew to more successful researches, as the means of supplying
a correct account.
'•■ OcKENDEx. '^ Rot. Orig. 50 Ed. III.ro. IT. Abbrev. vol. ii. p. 34S. '^ Rot. Fin. 51 Ed. III. 'Mb.7Ric.II.
'" Rot. Claus. 10 Ric. II. ro. 37. Notwithstanding the authority of this record, there is such a discrepancy between
the accounts of the possessions of the Hanipdens in Kingsey, and such inexplicable confusion in regard to the descent
KINGSEY.
295
Marny, Knt. who, In 1414, died seised:' and in 141G (4 Hen. V.), Sir Robert Poynlngs, Knt.
Sir William Lisle, Thomas Chaucer, Esq. and other feoftecs, demised the manors of Kingsey and
Tythorp to Joane, relict of Sir Richard Camoys, Knt. of Great Milton, co. Oxon. for life, with
remainder to the right heirs of her late husband, Sir Richard ; whose son, Hugh, succeeded to the
estate of his grandfather, Thomas Lord Camoys, but died in his minority soon afterwards ;'^ his
sisters, Margaret, wife of Ralph Rademilde, and Alianore, wife of Roger Lewknore, being his
co-heirs.^
Sir Thomas Marnj', son of Sir William, held Kingsey in 1421, and this estate in consecjuence
of the death of his sole daughter Margaret, reverted to her uncle Sir John Marny, Knt. who, in
1426 (4 Hen. VI.), held Kingsey in capite for one knight's fee ;■* and at his death, this manor des-
cended to his son, Sir Henry Marny, who was privy councillor to Henry the Seventh and Eighth,
a person " of great wisdom and prudence, and of singular fidelity." On the attainder of Edward
Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, he obtained a grant of part of his lands.^ He was Captain of the
Guard to King Henry the Eighth, Keeper of the Privy Seal, and created a peer. His long and
curious will ^ evinces his piety and munificence,^ and after his decease, his possessions were granted
to the fiimily of Dormer, amongst other lands of religious houses, and escheats, which about that
time were at the disposal of the crown.
PEDIGREE OF MARNY of KINGSEY, EASINGTON, BUCKINGHAM, BRICKHILL, Sec.
SHEWING THEIR ALLIANCE WITH
THE FAMILIES OF BURGHERSH, CHAUCER, HAMPDEN, &c.
From ancient Pedigrees of the Hampdens, Hastings, and Cheynes ; Dugdale's Baronage, and other authorities.
ms. Party per pale Ar. and Az. two lions rampant, endorsed, Counterchanged. Marny. Gules, on a chief Arg. two mullets S. Bacon.
William de Marny, of Layer-Marny, co. Essex, 9 Edw. 3.=p
r : -*
Sir Robert Marny, Knt. Lord^ALiCE. [Rot. .John Marny, — Joane, wid. of John Marny, John i
of Kingsey. [Rot. Grig. 25 Fin. SI Ed. 3. father, son, or ob. 1369, seised of the Ma- HERSii
Edw. 3. Clans. 10 Ric. 2.] I 7 Rio. 2.] broth, of Rob. nor of Kingsey. Edw. J
-=PMaud, dau. and coh. of Edm.Bacon,
I I of ...,co. Essex, sist. ofLadyMo-
| lyns. [Dugd-Bar. tom.iii.p.se.]
iNY, Kn
nd Hert
SirTho. Marny,:
Knt. eldest son ;
Lord of Kingsey,
circ. 1423.
T
I DE Burghehsh, Knt. 47=f=Is.MANiA, dau. of^flst husb. Sir John Ra-
ob. 1391. [Esc. 15 Ric. 2.
2. .... Hanham, of legh, Raleigh, or Rayle,
I , CO. Glouc. Knt. of Nettlecombe.
Sir John Marny,:
Knt. 2d son ;
heir of his niece :
Lord of Kingsey
:Jane. Sir John Arundel,-pM,
Knt. of Langharne,
CO. Cornwall, 2d
husband. [Rot.
Clans. 9 Hen. 5.]
FMargaret,=S.rJohnGrene-
Maud,
eld.dau.and VILLE, Knt. of
da.&coh
eoh. [Rot ,co.
[Rot.
Claus.lgRic. Cornwall, 1st hus-
Claus.
2. Dug. Bar. band ob. s.p.
19Ric.2
vol.ii.p.37.]
m. 15.]
:Thomas SirJohnt=..
Chaucer, Whales-
Esq. an- borough,
cestor of Knt.
the D. of
] ^.Suffolk.
of Maud Noble, who died seised of a small estate here, 11 Henry IV. [Esc. 11 Henry IV. no. 13. Cal. vol. iii. p. 328.],
and of her inheritance passing to John Hampden, descended from Sir Walter Upton, Knt. their common ancestor, that it
might be dangerous to attempt a satisfactory elucidation of the manner in which the lands in question ultimately passed.
' Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. "■ Esc. 9 Hen. V. no. 29. ^ Dugd. Bar. tom. ii. p. 768. * Harleian MSS.
5 Easington, p. 152. " Dugd. Bar. tom. ii. p. 302.
" He made ample provision for lights in churches, and religious services, having endowed a chapel at Layer-Marney
in Essex, and left lands and tenements in Kingsey, Haddenham, and Codington, formerly belonging to the Priory of Ro-
chester, and rents in Tythorp and Rolles, alias Rolin's, co, Oxon. for the maintenance of two priests there.
296
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Margaret,
Elizadeth,^
sole dau.
id wife.
ob. inf.
d,m. of Ni-
cholas Wil-
f.ird, Lord
Mayor of
Loud. -23
Hen. U.
^Sin He
Ma
,-, K. G.
of the Guard ; Keeper
! Privy Seal ; Lord Morny
il 14 Hen. 8.; Will daced
av, ob. 24 May, bur. at
Marny.
ife. [Dugd.Bar. borough.
A-
Grace, mar. to Sir Chri
£dm. Bediii^eid, and
Knt. of Ojiburgli, Rog,
CO. Norfolk. Knt.
leir of Sir
■ Newbv;rgh,
John 2d Lord Marny, Esquire of the
to K. Hen. 8. Gov.of Rochester Castle
dated 10 March 1524, proved 28
1525, bur. at Layer-Marney.
Fitz-
Ralph.
d
— T ^-1
Anne, mar. 1st, to Elizabeth,
William Lord Mo- 3d dau.
lynsi [PEDiGREEof mar. to
MoLVNS.] 2dly, to JohnHamp-
Sir Edmund Hamp- deii. Esq.
den, Knt. [Pedi- of Great
GREE of Ham..- Hampden.
mar. to Geo. Ra
Body=BRiDGEr, dau. of Sir William Walde- Thomas Marny, 2d son.
Will grave, Knt. widow of William Fin- dead 1524.
June derne, Esq. Will dated 16 Sept. 1549, Katherine, mar. to
bur. at Little Horkesey, co. Essex. Thomas Bonham, Esq.
ord Thomas Howard, of Bindun, son of
oas Duke of Norfolk.
Many intermediate alienations took place of lands here, of which the accounts preserved are
complicate and obscure ; and it is not satisfactorily ascertained through whose hands those pos-
sessions subsequently passed, before the greater part of them became re-united with the manor.
In 1501 the manor of Kingsey, with lands in Towersey, was passed by a fine between Peter
Dormer and Agnes his wife, and Geoffrey Dormer, and Alice his wife,' and in 1542 by another
fine between William Welche and Peter and Agnes Dormer, (which included 300 acres of arable,
80 acres of meadow, and 20 of pasture, in Kingsey, Towersey, and Quainton,) was settled on Peter
and Agnes Dormer for life, with remainder to their son Gabriel and the heirs male of his body ;
remainder to John his brother, and the heirs male of his body ; remainder to the heirs
of the body of Peter aforesaid; with remainder over to Geoffrey, one of the sons of
Sir Michael Dormer, Knt. and the heirs male of his body; remainder to the right heirs of
Gabriel Dormer for ever.^ Under a settlement consequent upon this fine, Elizabeth daughter of
Sir John Dormer, Knt. of Dorton,^ carried this estate in marriage to Sir Robert Spiller, Knt. of
Laleham, co. Middlesex, (son of Henry Spiller, Esq. of Blackfriars, London,) to whom and his
heirs, the King in 1619, in consideration of 10/. 7s. 6d. granted the manor of Kingsey, alias Rose-
Kingsey, comn)only called Tythorpe-farm, and Rothis, alias Rolvis, cum pert, in Oxon. and Bucks,
being in the occupation of John Elmcs ; also a farm called West-Court, alias Baylies-Heyse, cum
pert, lands, &c. of Gervase Fairburne, a portion of Foxhill close, certain lamp-lands,'* an acre in
parke-meadow, and land in chureh-mcade, in west field, Kingsey, altogether at is. 3d. per ann.^
Jane, sole daughter of Sir Robert Spiller, Knt. carried this estate in marriage to the Hon.
James Herbert, sixth son of Philip 4th Earl of Pembroke and 1st Earl of Montgomery, K. B. and
K. G. by Susan his first wife, third daughter and coheir of Edward Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford,
from whom it descended as is expressed in the annexed pedigree :
' Rot. Fin. 17 Hen. VH.
2 Rot. Fin. Si Hen. VHI. See also Pedigree of Dormer of LEE-GuANCiE in Quainton.
3 See ClIEAR.SLEY, p. 118.
* These lamp lands had been granted by Queen Elizabeth on the petition of Edward Dyer, Esq. to William Tipper
and Robert Davve, having become vested in the Crown by Statute of 1 Ed. VI. w ith other estates of Lord Marny ; and
other lands, which in 1,578, at the request of Lord Hunsdon had been granted by the Queen to Edmund Downing and
John Walker, the same having been left to maintain lights in Kingsey and Towersey Churches [Rot. Pat. 21 Eliz. Test.
18 Feb.] and an acre of Leaze, also called lamp-land, which in 1585, on the petition of Sir James Croft, Knt. Comp-
troller of the Household, had been granted to John Walton and John Cresset, and then occupied by John Gamage at
6d. per an. [lb. 28 Eliz. Test. 12 Apr.] likewise lands of Lord iNIarny in Tythorp and Kingsey, granted in 1591 by
Queen Elizabeth to the before-mentioned Tipper and Dawe, [lb. 34 Eliz. Test. 30 Mar.] being in the occupation
respectively of White, Baddele, and Harris. s Rot. Pat. 7 Jac. L Test. 28 Jul.
KINGSEY.
297
PEDIGREE OF HERBERT of KINGSEY; WENMAN and WYKEHAM of TYTHORP.
From Dugdale, Collins, and oth(
Arms. Per pale Az. and Gu. three lionce
a cross patODce Or. Cnst. On awreatl
plain collar Or, ungiiled Az. Motto. Oi
)ided between four mullets Or. Spiller. Per pale Gu. and Az
ed Or. Supporters. Two greyhounds Gu. each gorged with t
iievrons Gu. between three roses S. seeded Vert. Jf:/keham.
Herbert P'itzherbert, Chaniberlai
Bonis. Jtenman. Arg
t'lTZHERBERT, <Jha[n-=T=J ULiAN, dau. of
n to King Henry I. | and concubine of King Henry. [Dugdale's Warwicksh. p. 5b'3.]
g Stephen 113,q, and to Hen. -2 =pLucy, 3d dau. of Milo Earl of Hereford
Roger, a Baron=p 1. Peter Fit
lar. 5 Job. I Job. oh
d dau. and coh. of William de Braos, Lord of Breck-
vivedher husband. [Pedigree of Braose, p. 203.]
Herbert Fitz-Piers, had
livery of his father's lands
IS) Hen. 3; ob. 1247 (32
Hen. 31.
Reginald Fitz-Herbert,=^.
brother and heir of Herbert 1
Fitz Piers : by some called
brother of Peter.
Matthew Fitz Herbert,
submission to the Pope,
grilEns segreant S. said to 1
B of the Barons who witnessed King John
; for his arms, Arg. a chev. between thn
been ancestor of the Finches Earls of Wii
John Fitzherbert, Peter Fitzherbert, supposed by the British heralds^f: Alice, da. and hr,
son and heir. to have been brother, not son, of Reginald, j Blethin Brodespe;
Reginald Fitzherbert, Lord of Lan-Ho
=Mabga
Df Sir John Welsh.
Adam Fitzherbert, Lord of Lan-Howel.^f^CHRiSTiAN, sole dau. and heir of Gwaring Dese, of Gv
:Wenlian,
AP ADAM,=p vvenlian, dau. ot Sir
Dess. I Knt. of Rhodes, L(
ern-Des.
ip Bledry,
Gwillem AP Jenkin, Lord i
1 Dess 5 Ed. 3.=pWenl
Thomas ap Guillem ap Je:
KIN Herbert, eldest
Llansanfraid 22 Ric,
St son t of I John I\
,2. I ofRagl
D, da. and hr. of Sir
Morlej,Kut. Lord
John, Lord of
Gwern Dess.
of Howel Ychan ap Howel Yoreth. [Pedigree of Aubrey, p. 68.]
1
HouEL ap Gwille.m ai' Jenkin, anci
r
■ Thomas, Knt. &c. of Ragland Castle, temp. Hen. 6.=pGLADYS, dau. of Sir David Gam, wido
the Gwyns.
Df Sir Roger Vaugha
-i Howel
raunt, i
his Pa
, da. and -|-SiR \\'iLL. Herbeut
f Adam (j 4. Earl of Pembroke,
, K.G. 27 May S Ed.:
Chancellor; Ch. Just.
Chamberlain of South Wales , taken pri-
ed ' soner at Edgcote, co. Northampton, be-
2 headed at Northampton July 1470, willed
y to be buried at Abergavenny.
ANN-E.SiSt. iHOMAS t^lR KlCHARD M ERBERT,=piMARGAnET, Slst. iLLlZABETH, mar.
of Walter Herbert, K.G. of Colbro,.k, be- of Sir Rees ap to Sir Hen. Strad-
Devercux, survived headed at Banbury. | Thomas, K. G. ling, Knt. of St.
Lord Fe
rers of brother.
Chartley.
Donafs Ca
. Glamorga
Sir Richard
Herbert,
Knt.ofEwias,
CO. Hereford,
erga-
:Margaret, da. Wii
and hr. of Sir of Pembroke; cr.
Matt.Cradock, Earl of Hunting-
Knt. of Swan- don 4 Jul. 19 Ed.
sey, CO. Glam. 4, having resigned
the Earldom of
Pembroke : Just,
of S. Wales.
Sir George:
Herbert,
Knt. of St.
Julians.
Sir Walter, be-
headed at Salisbury.
Philip Cecilia, roar, to Lord Greystock.
Her- Maud, mar. to Hen. 6th Earl of Northumb.
BERT, Catharine, mar. to Geo. 2d Earl of Kent.
Esq. of Anne, mar. to John Grey, Earl of Powis.
Llany- Isabel, mar. to Sir Tho. Cooksey, Knt.
ban- Margaret, mar. 1st, to Thomas Talbot,
gel. Viscount Lisle ; 2dly, to Sir Henry Bo-
dingham, or Budrigham, Knt.
ANNE,da. of Thomas Lord Parr,=r=SiRWM. Herbert, K.G. 1548 Lord=2. Anne, da. of George Sir Ge
of Kendal , sist. to Kath . 6 th Qi
of Hen. 8th, and sist. and coh. of
Wm. Marquess of Northampton ;
ob.l 55 1; b. in St. Paul'sCathedral.
HeibertofCardiflf (sEd. 6),Earl of Talbot, 4th Earl of Herbert,
Pembroke ; ob. 17 Mar. 156y, at Shrewsbury, wid. of Pe- Knt. of
Hampton-Court; bu. 18 April in St. ter Compton, Esq. ob. Swansea,
Paul's, a;t. 63. s. p. Co. Glam.
Elizabeth, sole da. and hr.; mar.
to Charles Somerset, Earl of
Worcester, ancestor of the Dukes
of Beaufort.
I.Catharine, 2d da.=HENRY, 2d Earl of Pembroke, K. G,=Catharine, =r 3. Mary, dau. of Sir
of Henry Grey, Duke Lord Fitzhugh, Marmion, and St. second wife, Henry Sydney, K. G.
of Suffolk, by Fran- Quintin ; Presid. of the Council and da. of George by Mary, da. of John
ces, da. of Charles Marches of Wales 1586; ob. at Talbot, 6th | Dudley, Duke of
Brandon, D. of Suf- Wilton 1 9 Jan. 1601; bur.at Salis- Earl of Northumberland, ob.
folk, by ftlary Queen bury. Shrewsbury, 25 Sept. 1621, bur.
of Frauce ; divorced, ob. s. p. j at Salisbury.
■?. Sir Edwai
Herbert, Kn
Anne, mar. Francis Lord
Talbot, son and heir ap-
parent of George 6th Earl
ofShrewsbury.
VOL, I,
2a
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
1. William, 3d Earl:
of Pembroke, K. G.
Lord Chamberlain to
KiDg James, Gov. of
Portsea, Chancellor
of Oxford, Ch. Just,
in Eyre ; ob. 10 Apr.
1«3«, s. p. V. aet. 50.
Maiiy, eld. Susan, 3d da.:
da. and coll. and coll. of
of Gilbert Edward Vere,
Talbot, 7th 17th Earl of
Earl of Oxford, by
Shrewsbury. Anne, da. of
Francis Lord
Burleigh, ma.
4 Jan. 1605.
Henry Herbert, ob. inf. v. p. [PED.ofVERE.]
Ja^"^
H
Thoma
BERT, ob.
21 Jan. 1-
at Thame,
Phili.., 4th Earl of Pem-=
bioke and (4 June U.06)
Earl of Montgomery, Lord
Herbert of Thurland, K.B.
andK.G. 1«08 ; Chancellor
of Oxford, Lord Chamb.
and Privy Counsellor ; ob.
23 Jan. 1640.
"Anne, sole da. and
heir of George
Clifford, 3d Earl of
Cumberland, wid.
of Rich. S.ickville,
3d Earl of Dorset ;
mar. 3 June 1630,
at Ckeiiies : ob.
Anne,
ob.
juv.
SPILLER.
Henry SriLLER, Esq. of^
of London, purchased
Kiilgsey, viv. 1620.
Sir r'obert=j=Elizabeth, dan. of Sir
Spiller, 1 John Dormer, Knt.slst.
Knt. of of Sir Robert, wid. of
Laleham, Sir John Dvnham, Kt.
CO. Midd, & [Ped. of Dormer, p.
Kingsey. 119.]
IIES,
3. Charles=Mary, sole dau. of
4. Ph
i.ir, .HhE^irlof
Anna-Sophia, 6. James HEnBERT,=f
NRV,
Lord Her- Geo. Villiers, Duke
Pemh
ukc, 2d Earl
ob. coel.
mar. to Rob. Dor- of Tylhnrpe and
UV.
bert, ob, ofBuck. by Kath. his
of Ml
7. John Herbert,
mer, E. ofCarnar- A'ingsci/,jureuxoris;
von. [Pedig. of M.P. for Malms-
V. p.atl'lo- Istw.; mar. 2d!v, to
mar. Penelope, 2d da.
rence 1635, Jas. Stewart, Duke of
4-
of Paul Vise. Bayn-
DoRMER.] bury; bur. at Thame
s. p. Richmond; 3dly, to
Earl
OF Pembroke.
ing, ob. s. p.
Catherine, \ob. 13 Apr. 1676.
Mary. jionupt.
, 1
Tho, Howard, Esq.
and Kingsey, M. P. for
Malmesbury 1685, Ayle
bury 1702 : ob. 1700.
of Tythorp^CATHERiNE Osborne, 4th dan, of
Thomas Earl of Da
wards Duke of Leei
bur. 26 Aug. at Ch,
=Marianne, daughter of Will. Lord Maid-
stone, sister of Charles 3d Earl of Winchilsea,
by Eliz. daughter of Thomas Windham, of Eel-
brig, CO. Norfolk.
Esq. of Tythorp, M.P. for Queenborough 1710,
.of.
Hallet, ofEdg
James Herbert, Philip Herbert,=Mary, sole Philip, 6th Vis
Esq. eldest son, Esq. bro. and hr. dau. and hr. Wenman, of
Lord of Kingsey, of James, held ofEdw.But- Thame Park : ol
M. P. for Oxford Kingsey; ob. 22 ler, LL.D. I 6 Aug. 1760.
1739, 1741, and Jul. 17S9, aet. 32, Pres, of [Ped. of Wen-
1747; ob.- circ- s, p. bur. at Magd.Coll. man in TwY-
174!i. Thame. Oxon,M.P. ford.]
forOxf.Univ.
■.=pSoPHiA, eld. da
and coh. mar. 1
Jul. 1741 : o
vidua 20 Jul.
1787, aet. 70.
Anne, young.
dan. and coh
died seised of a Wykeham,
moiety of King- Esq. of
sev 30 Jan. Swalcliffe,
1310, iEt. 91 : CO. Oxon,
Tate.
WYKEHAM.
Richard =j=Vere-Alicia, 2d, <
Rev. Rich. Fiennes, sist. of
Rich. 6th Viscount Say and
Sele, ob. 1768. [Pedigree
of Fiennes]
26 Mar.
1800, s.p.
Eliza
^Eleanora, 6th
Tho. Francis Wen-
Richard
Susanna b
Sophia, =;
da.ofVVillough-
man, b. 18 Nov.
Wenman,
7 Nov.
eld, dau.
by Bertie, 3d
1745 ; of All-Souls
b. 13 Nov.
1744, ob.
b, 17 Aug.
1745;
Earl of Abing-
Coll. Oxon. ; M. P.
1746, ob.
juv. bur. at
don ; married 7
for Abingdon ;
inf. bur. at
VVitney.
mar. 30
Jul. 1766: ob.
B. C. L. 24 Jan.
Witney.
Mary, b.
Dec.
vidua 19 Apr.
1771; D, C. L. 7
Herbert
27 Mar.
1768:ob.
1S04, bur. at
Jul. 1780 ; Reg.
Henhy
1748, ob.
Mar.
Thame Park.
Prof, of Civil Law
Wenman,
1757.
1792, at
[Pedigree of
1789, drowned at
born 18
Clifton,
Bertie,
Oxford 17.96, bur.
Jul. 1749,
near
in All Souls Coll.
ob, juv.
Bristol.
Chapel.
:i. Wil-
HuMPll.
Wyke-
Esq.'of
cliffe,
co.Oxon,
Richard Wykeham, .\M. of Linc.=pMARY,
Coll. Oxon, Vic. of Chacomb, 1 dau. of
and Sulgrave, co. Northamp. Rect. | Ch. Fox,
of Newton Purcell 1783, ob. 7 | of Cha
Feb. 1805, bur. at Chacomb, jet.
■ Pri
Wy
HAM, Esq. took
the name of Mar-
tin, of Leeds Cas-
tle, Kent J Sheriff
of Kent 1824.
Richard^
BETH, da. Wl
of William bap
Marsh. 1769; at Thame
I School 1783;
I ob, 1 July 1800.
:Mary, dau
of Thomas
Hughes ;
mar. 2dly,
Davis.' '
July,
1790,
Fal-
Hester-Louis
Fiennes Trotn
SistoD-Court,
mar. Sep. 18i
Oct. 1823, bu;
dau. of=pPH
i,£sq. of
o. Glouc.
: ob. 26
at King-
IP Thomas=Elizabeth,
Wykeham, Esq, eldest dau.
of Kingsey and mar. 24 Jan.
Tythorp,born 20 1825.
Dec. 1774, Lord
of Kingsey. ■
:Elizabeti
, d. Richard-
ig- NiCOLL
of Pet.
nell, Gent, of ob. inf.
Banbury, co. Richard
Oxon. ob.sJun.
1739,»t.l7.
Charles-W
M
C'astI
les-vvykeham- =p.
ITIN, of Leeds
,le, Keut, Esq.
thcr sons, and \.
Willi
• Phili
1798,1
Wl
-He
; daughters.
ieyWlkmanWvk
809, of Trinity Cl
Philip Herbert, great-grandson of James Herbert, Esq., was a gentleman remarkably distin-
guished by many excellent qualities and endowments. He married Mary, only daughter and sole
heiress of Edward Butler, LL.D. President of Magdalen College, and one of the Representatives
in Parliament for that University ; and, dying in 1 759, was buried in Thame church, where an inscrip-
tion records his residence at Kingsey, his being a Representative in Parliament for the city of Oxford ;
a disinterested lover of his coimtry, without any affection for popularity ; " beloved by all, not Ije-
rause he sought it, but because he deserved it" His widow, as a testimony of gratitude and aft'ec-
tion, and injustice to so deserving a character, having caused the monument to be erected.
KINGSEY. 299
After the death of Philip Herbert, Esq. his estates were divided between his sisters and
coheiresses, Sophia, wife of Philip 6th Viscount Wenman, and Anne Herbert, spinster : and
the former dying in 1787 in her widowhood, one moiety of Kingsey descended to Philip 7th
Viscount Wonham, who died seised 26th March, 1800, when, in default of issue, the same passed
to William-Richard Wykeham, eldest son of William-Humphrey Wykeham, Esq. by Sophia, sister
of the said Viscount Wenman, and he dying in the same year, his moiety descended to his daugh-
ter and sole heiress, Sophia-Elizabeth Wykeham, of Thame Park, co. Oxon. : and the other
moiety, the property of Anne Herbert, passed in 1810, by her will, to her great-nephew Philip-
Thomas Wykeham, Esq. only surviving son of William-Humphrey Wykeham, Esq. (and younger
brother of Willi am- Richard Wykeham,) and upon a subsequent partition of lands, part of the
moiety of the said Sophia Elizabeth Wykeham was assigned to Philip-Thomas Wykeham, Es((.
her uncle, who purchasing the remainder, thus acquired and re-united the whole estate and manor,
of which he is the present worthy possessor.
Thame Abbey Lands. In 1264 a fine was passed between the Abbat of Thame and John de
Morton and Sarah his wife, of a carucate of land in Eye Parva and Thoasey, the rioht of the
Abbat and his Church : and in P285 another fine between Walter de Newenton and Maud his
wife and friar Roger dc Hoveton (Honeton, or Howton),^ Abbat of Thame, of a meadow in
Kingsey Parva.^ In 1287 Walter de Ilmere (a felon) was found by inquisition to have held lands,
in Kingesheye.3 In 1315 John parson of W^est (qu. Great ? )-Hambdcn and Geoffrey de Had-
denham and Christina his wife, passed a fine of messuages, lands, and rents in Haddenham and
Kingsey, which were settled on Geoffrey and Christina, and the heirs of Geoffrey : and in 1323
another fine was passed between John, son of John Fitz-Nicholas and Margaret his wife, and
John Colyn, of lands here, which were g/anted to Colyn for Hfe.^ In 1340 John de Santerdon,
Rector of Great Hampden, obtained a license from Henry de Burghersh, Bishop of Lincoln, to
make an oratory in his house at Kingsey. In 1342, Richard Godlak and Alice his wife, and Peter
Lane of Wycombe and Alice ^ his wife, passed a fine of lands in Kingsey.^ In 1346 another
fine was passed of an estate in Kingsey and Bledlow between Hugh Lambard and William his
son, both of Bledlow, the lands being granted to Hugh for life."
In 1348 lands here were passed by fine, together with the neighbouring manor of Saunderton,
and the advowson of the church of St. Mary at Saunderton, from Henry, then parson of that
church, to Alexander de Saunderton, for life, with remainder to William his son, by Maud his wife,
and the heirs male of the body of William ; remainder to John his brother, and his heirs male ;
remainder to Alexander, another brother, and his heirs male ; remainder to Joane, their sister, and
her heirs male ; remainder to Katherine, another sister, and her heirs male ; remainder to Maud,
their sister, and her heirs male ; remainder to Isabel, youngest sister, in like manner,^
In 1350 John de Burghersh died seised of lands in Tythrop, in the parish of Kingsey and
county of Oxford, leaving by Maud his wife, daughter and coheir of Edmund Bacoun, a son,
John de Burghersh, who in 1391 died seised of three tofts two virgates and a half of land, eight
acres of meadow, and Qd. rent there,^ leaving by Ismania his wife, two daughters his coheiresses ;
' Mon. Aug. vol. v. p. 403. ^ Rot. Fin. Buck. 49 Hen. III. and 3 and 14 Ed. I.
3 Esc. 16 Edw. I. no.61. Cal. vol. i. p. 98. ^ Rot. Fin. 9 Ed. II. and 17 Ed. II.
5 In Harl. MSS. 1533, Robert Lane is mentioned as having married Alice Saunders, of Hambleden, sed qu. ?
•= Rot. Fin. 16 Ed. III. ' Rot. Fin. 20 Ed. III.
« Rot. Fin. 22 Ed. III. s Esc. 15 Rio. II. no. 8. Cal. vol. iii. p. 133.
300 ASHENDON HUNDRED,
Margaret, married first, to Sir John Greneville, Knt. and secondly, to John Arundell, Esq. hoth of
Cornwall, between whom his estates being divided, "certain woods and underwoods in Kingsey
and Towcrsey" were assigned to Margaret Arundell, whose daughter Thomasine being afterwards
the wife of Sir Henry Marny, K.G. Lord Marny, her share of the inheritance appears to have been
thus united with the estate of the Marnys.
The descent of the portion of Maud Chaucer is not so distinctly traced. In 1403 a fine was passed
of lands here between Edmund Hain])den, Thomas Chaucer, and Simon atte Hethe, with Thomas
Hunt, of Great-Missenden, and Maud his wife ;' and Maud, the wife of William Noble, died in
1409 seised of lands in Kingsey, which she is presumed to have inherited from her father, John
Blome, of Great Kimbell (who died in 1397, likewise seised) ; and by an inquisition held at her
death, John Hampden was found to be her next heir, deriving his descent from the same common
stock with the said ^Nlaud Noble, so that it might be conjectured that Blomc or his ancestors had
acquired the lands of Chaucer here-
in 1353 Thomas Goodlake paid one mark for license to purchase part of the manor of King-
sey, as did John de Tours, or Toury, in the same year.^
In 1445 a fine was passed of lands here between John Compton, Esq. Gilbert Jolybrand, elk.
John Tailleur, Thomas Kene of Princes-Risborough, and Thomas Nasshe — and Sir John Cheyne,
Knt. Joane his wife, Thomas Cheyne, Esq. and Alianore his wife, as the right of John Compton ; ^
and in 1451 another fine, between John Brecknock, John Hampden, Edmund Brudenell, and
William Logge (or Losse) and Alice his wife ;5 and in 1474 lands and rents in Kingsey were in-
cluded in a fine between Kempe Bishop of London, Hale Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield,
Story Bishop of Carlisle, John Morton, and John Danvers, clerks, Sir John Say, and Sir Ralph
Vcrney, Knts. Peter Baxter, clerk, Richard Danvers, John Langston, John Clapton, Drugo
Brudenell, Thomas Rokes, Thomas Danvers, William Danvers, Thomas Bendysh, and William
Heigham, Es(|rs. Hem-y Danvers, citizen and mercer of London, and Stephen Glover, parson of
the church of Whitfield, co. Oxon. — with Sir John Leynham, Knt. and Margaret his wife, of very
numerous estates, the right of Stephen Glover;'^ and in 1475 Sir Ralph Vcrney, Knt. Richard
Fowler, Mary Danvers, John Martyn, and John London, passed a fine of messuages and lands
here with Thomas Wode and Isabell his wife, the right of Ralph Vcrney.''' At the death of John
Hampden in 1490 his estate was forfeited to Crown, and was subsequently acquired by the
Dormers, as related in the account of the manor.
THE VILLAGE,
in 1712 contained 24 houses, and five in Tythorp. In 1828 here were 36 houses, and 204 inha-
bitants.
In 1598 this parish was assessed to the provision for the Queen's household at G.v. 8^/. and Mr.
Wright's lands at 3/. 17.s'.^ In 1712, land tax 94/. 8.v. Expenses of the poor in 1776 returned
at 50/. 9.V. Id.; in 1783 at 95/. 15,v. Ad.; in 1822 at 25!)/. 17.s'.; but in 1824 at 224/. 5s.^
' l{ot. Tin. r> Hen. IV. - Sec Pedioree of Hami'DEN.
•' Hot. Oiig. '27 Ed. III. 10. 'M: Abbrev. vol. ii. p. 'i.'iO. ^ Rot. Fin. li Hen. VI.
^ Ibiil 30 Hen. VI. '• Ibid. \i Ed. IV. - Ibid. 15 Ed, IV.
' Roll 1-2 Eliz. 5 Parochial Returns.
KINGSEY. 301
A small estate here, which, with Tythorp, passed to the possessors of Aston-Sandford, was in
1610 included in a Crown grant to Sir David Fowlis, Knt.' who married the daughter and coheir
of Sir William Fleetwood, Knt. by Marian, daughter of John Barley, of Kingsey ; and then in
the tenure of John Horsenden.^
THE RECTORY AND ADVOWSON.
Kingsey was originally a chapel of ease to Haddenham, and bestowed, with the mother church,
upon the Convent of St. Andrew in Rochester, in the reign of William Rufus.^
King Henrv II. confirmed to the Convent the gift of the Chapels of "Eye and Cudintone ;" and
the"Advowson of Kinggeshaye" being sold by Gilbert de Bolebec, was in 1274 held by the
Prior of Rochester.''
In the reign of Edward III. the assessment of "the Ninths" in Eye, by John de Uptone, John
Godlak, John Colyn, Henry Dyve, John Chamberleyn, and Edward Rolnes, was returned at ten
marks.s It is evident that the assessors were proprietors of lands in Kingsey and its neighbourhood.
In 1353 the Chapel of Kingsey, as a member of Haddenham, was, by hcense of John Gynewell,
Bishop of Lincoln appropriated to the Prior and Convent of Rochester, in whom and their succes-
sors, the Dean and Chapter of the Cathedral Church, the Advowson has been ever since vested.^
The endowment of this Vicarage has not been discovered, although it was usual to make entries
in the Bishop's Registers of such endowments until the Reformation, when his power to ordain
vicarages ceased. The frequent ordinations which occur in the thirteenth century may be referred
to the oppression of the monasteries who, when churches were once appropriated to them, were
sometimes reluctant to make proper provision for the officiating minister.
The endowment of a vicarage antiently was eftected by an inquisition in the chapter of the Ru-
ral Dean, as to the value of the rectory ; after which, with due consideration of the nature and size
of the cure, the vicar's quota was apportioned, so as to afford a competent maintenance, and in
the larger parishes, to enable him to maintain hospitality : besides which, he was to bear some part
of the burden incident to ecclesiastical livings, dependent, however, upon the particular terms of
the endowment, and of course varying in particular places.
In 1291 the Rectory was rated at 6/. 13*. 4t?.'' and remained so charged in the reign of
Henry VIII.^ The Vicarage is in charge at 8Z. 10*. 5d. Tenths 17*. O^d. Archidiaconals 3.v.
The income of the Vicarage in 1810 consisting of tithes, glebe, and surplice fees, was returned
at about 132Z. 6*. 8d. per ann.9
' Aston-Saxdford, p. 4-3.
'' Topographer, vol. i p. 4:75. See also Great Missenden, and Pedigree of Fleetwood.
3 Rymer's Feed. vol. i. p. 46. See also Haddenham.
* Rot. Hund. 3 Ed. I. vol. i. p. 35. Placit. 6 Ed. I. Abbrev. p. 269. •' Inquis. Nonar. p. 339.
« Willis's MSS. vol. xii. in Bibl. Bodl. ' Taxat. P. Nichol. p. 34.. * Val. Eccles. 26 Hen. VIII.
5 Diocesan and Parochial Returns.
302
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Suroy Dr. JVotesden was presented in 1232 to
the " Vicarage of the Chapel of Kingsey," by William,
sacrist of Rochester, Procm-ator of the Priory.
Hugh, presented in 1260, on the death of >Sinion.
John Hall, 16 Aug. 1276.
John Haddenham, pr. 12 Oct. 1296, on the death of
John, last Vicar: died Oct. 1310, and was buried here,
with an inscription which Willis mentions as in his
time defaced, but which he has preserved, in these
words : " Hie jacet longus Johannes de Hadenham,
cujus aninie propicietur Deus."'
John Marshall, de Hadenham, presented on the
death of John de Hadenham, 1 Mar. 1324: exchanged
with
John de Saxmundham, 23 Jan. 1349, on the pre-
sentation of the Convent of Rochester. He exchanged
for Shabl)ington, with
///////( di' I'i/imere, in March 1354.
Hii;/// di 'I'hornhurgh, resigned in 1359.
John. Sea r/<f, presented 18 Oct. 1359; and at his
death
Hugh de Dodington was presented, 26th Aug. 1361.
Henry Wonington exchanged for the Rectory of
Bcgbrook, in Oxfordshire, with
Thomas Monday, 16 Oct. 1382: who exchanged
for Duns Tew, co. Oxon. with
Laurence Walter, 13 Aug. 1389. He exchanged
for Hampton in the diocese of Worcester, with
IVilliam IVellcombe, 21 Dec. 1390: who exchanged
for St. Thomas's Chantry, at Stratford-on-Avon, with
IValter Nichol, 2 Nov. 1398: wiio exchanged for
Arley Rectory with
Williatn Cross, 21 Nov. 1402.
Roger Gervays, resigned in 1414.
Thomas Conyng, presented 4 Aug. 1414.
Bifhard Astewy, 27 Oct. 141 1, on the death of the
last Vicar.
John Htnton, resigned in 1482.
IVilliam Reding, pr. 2 May, 1482, by the Convent
of Rochester. He died, and was succeeded by
Oliver Wetheynton, who was presented 9 May, 1526,
by a "rant ft-om the Prior and Convent of Rochester.
In his time the Register commences, with the date
1538. At his death
John Dogget was presented 10 Feb. 1547, by Sir
Edward North, Knt. and was succeeded by
John Wright, 18 Dec. 1553, on the presentation of
Michael Hai'court, Esq.
Thomas Baker occurs in 1559, and died in 1574.
John Brangwin, pr. 13 Jan. 1574, by John Gamage,
and occurs in 1607. By his will, dated 8 Feb. 1619.
he bequeathed 51. to the poor of Ickford ; and legacies
to his children.''
John Lillingston, 1645 and 1663.
Charles Almond, A. B. presented 25 Oct. 1665, by
James Herbert, Esq. and Jane his wife, " on the death
of the last incumbent." He was also Rector of Thorn-
ton : ^ and on his resignation of this benefice was suc-
ceeded by
Francis Barry, A.M. circ. 1670, of Oriel coll. Oxon.
who died here, and was buried 29 Jan. 1695.
Joshua Hofchkis, A. M. presented by the Archbishop
of Canterbury, by lapse; and instituted 9 April, 1696.
He was of Magdalen Coll. Oxon. A.M. 18 Jan. 1670 :
also Rector of Moulsoe, where he was buried in 1726;
being succeeded by his son,
Ja7nes Hotchkis, A.B. instituted 26 Dec. 1726, on
the presentation of James Herbert, Esq. He was of
St. John's Coll. Camb. A. B. 1723, A.M. 1727:
in 1731, appointed Master of the Charter House
School, London, which he held until 1748; was then
instituted to Brettenham Rectory, Suffolk, which he
held by dispensation with Balsham, co. Cambridge;
and died 12 Nov. 1751, having resigned this ^'icarage
some years before.
Thomas Brougham, A.B. inducted 8 May, 1739, on
the presentation of James Herbert, Esq, He was also
Mcar ot Haddenham, and at his death was succeeded by
Thomas Phelps, A.B. inducted 19 July, 1783, on
the presentation of the Dean and Chapter of Roches-
ter. He was of King's College, Cambridge, A. M.
1785: also Vicar of Haddenham: and at his death
was succeeded by
Charles Marsham, A.M. inducted ..March 1812, on
the presentation of the Dean and Chapter of Rochester.
He was of Ch. Ch. Oxon, A.M. 5 Dec. 1811 ;^ and on
his resignation was succeeded by
Thomas Wood, A.M. inducted 17 Dec. 1811: who
was succeeded by
William James Copleston, A.B. presented 28 April,
1827, by the Dean and Chapter of Rochester. He
was of Oriel College, Oxon. A.M. Dec. 1829, and
Fellow of that Society.
MSS. Wi
^ See TnouNTON.
See Caversfield.
KINGSEY.
303
THE CHURCH,
dedicated to St. Nicholas, and about 65 feet long by 63 wide, was rebuilt in the last century on
the site of the old fabric, of which the tower was 60 feet high. The modern structure is quite
plain, having at the west end a square tower, through which is the entrance, below a belfry con-
taining three small bells. On each side of the nave are three windows with semi-circular heads ;
and in the upper story of the tower, four windows. The communion table, inclosed with iron
rails, is affixed to the east wall: and over it is a painting of Christ bearing his cross.' The area
is neatly paved with white stone and lozenges of black marble. At the angles of the nave are
four pews : two others are contiguous to the reading-desk and the pulpit, on the north side : and
the rest of the area is fitted up with open seats. The font is a small marble bason, supported by
a pedestal.
On a tablet over the door :
Benefactions to the Poor of Kingsey.
June 1722. Philip Herbert, Esq. left 300/. the interest to be paid to poor persons who regularly attend
divine worship in the parish church. John Home, of Newport-street, died in Sept. 1766, and his son sent the
particulars of this benefaction to tiie parish officers of Kingsey, 21 Jan. 1768, dated at Brentford, Middlesex.
The dowager Lady Wenman and Mrs. Herbert of Kingsey annually paid 12Z. interest upon the 300/.'
Jan. 1810. Mrs. Ann Herbert left the poor of Kingsey 100/.
Willis describes "a handsome black pulpit
cover, cushion, and altar-cloth, bordered with
yellow silk fringe, presented by Jane relict of
the Hon. James Herbert, and daughter of the
Duke of Leeds,"' but there must be some mis-
take, for Jane Herbert was the daughter of Sir
Robert Spiller, and mother-in-law of Lady Ca-
therine Osborne.3
On an elegant mural monument on the south
side is a female figure in relievo, weeping over
an urn placed on a pedestal, inscribed —
" I know that my Redeemer liveth."
On a tablet below :
Underneath lie buried the remains of Hester Louisa,
wife of Philip Thomas Wykeham, Esq. of Tythorp-
house, in the county of Oxford ; and daughter of
Fiennes Trotman, Esq. and Hester his wife, of Siston-
court, in the county of Gloster, who died on the 26th
of October, 1823, aged 40 years.
" O Death ! where is thy sting ?
O Grave ! where is thy victory ?"
On slabs in the floor of the belfry, collected
out of the ruins of the old church :
Arms, two sinister lions passant gardant.
Here lyeth the body of Francis Barry, late Vicar of
this parish, who departed this life y" 25th day of Janu-
ary, in the year of our Lord 1694-5, in the 63d year
of liis age.
Ann Erode, grandchild to George Spiller, Esq. wlio
died Aug. y^ 29, 1661, aged ... years.
Here lyeth y^ body of Jolly Hotchkis, daughter of
James and Mary Hotchkis, who departed this life
Sept. y'' 2d, 1736, aged 4 months 12 days.
Here is also an ancient sepulchral slab, taper-
ing at one end, having near the verge the re-
mains of an inscription in Lombardic capitals,
in Norman French, which being partly decayed,
and many letters entirely obliterated, can onlv
be conjectured the same of which Willis has
preserved a very free translation into Latin;'*
Presented by Philip-Thomas Wykeham, Esq. of Tythorp.
See Pedigree of Herbert, p. 298.
- Account of Charitable Donations, vol.
Page 302.
p. 59.
304 KINGSEY.
although he describes the stone as having been the name be read in the inscription, which
defaced before his time. He appropriates it to seems to run thus : — >i< Jo . . dc H . . . de . . .
John de Haddenham, one of the Incumbents ; am git issi Dcu de sa ahn ait merci. ; —
for whom it might be designed, though it cer- but the characters arc very unusual and irregu-
tainly no longer covers his remains : nor can lar.
Thomas Boiler (or cju. Rolnes ?) of Kyngesey, by his will in 1532, directed his interment in St.
Nicholas's Church, before the image of our Lady, and bequeaths wax and barley " to her light
there, the rode, and sepulchre lights : to the church a chalys, a banner or streamer of St. George,
another of the Virgin, another of St. Catherine, and a cloth to bear above the sacrament ; legacies
to Towersey, Aston-Sandford, Ihner, and Owlswick, and for the celebration of mass at Prince's-
Risborough : be(|ueaths to his wife his 'interest in the parsonage of Kyngesey,' jointly with John,
his son : mentions also Thomas, another son, to whom he gave copyhold lands in Long-wick ;
James, another son ; and Jone, his daughter :" the will being attested by Oliver Wetheynton,
curate, John Boiler, Gyles Turnam, Thomas Hynton, Richard Bristow, &c. and proved 15 Oct.
1532.'
Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. v. 32, F. 51.
LUDGERSHALL with KINGSWOOD and TETCHWICK.
305
LUDGERSHALL with KINGSWOOD and TETCHWICK.
OTEGARSHALE or LUDGAU'S-HALL, supposed to have been so
called from its soil and situation on the verge of a marsh, denominated
Otmoor, in Oxfordshire. Kennet thought that it " seemed to continue
the name of King Ludd," to whom tradition assigns a royal seat in the
contiguous parish of Brill ;^ and a little plot of ground near the parsonage
^E1 ^ t' IH'I 11 I I - house of Ludgershall, encompassed with a moat, is traditionally pointed
Lj 'llsll|l!i \lSd out as King Ludd's Hall."
The village is about 13 miles w.n.w. of Aylesbury, 13 s. of Bucking-
ham, and 8 N. of the Thame, near the town of that name. The parish
is bounded on the n. by Marsh-Gibbon and Grendon-Underwood ; on the E. by the latter. Ham in
Waddesdon, and Wotton ; on the s. by Tithersall-Wood, a detached portion of Crendon,^ Brill and
Boarstall ; and on the w. by Oxfordshire ; containing about 276G acres, of which more than 2000 are
reckoned in Ludgershall, 484 in Tetchwick, and 254 in Kingswood.*
The soil is an adhesive dark clay, with various loams. Two brooks from springs in Muswell Hill,
in Oxfordshire, ruuN.w. through this parish, covering about 63 acres. The roads were formerly very
deep and miry.
MANORIAL HISTORY.
At the Norman Survey, the principal Manor here was in the hands of the Bishop of Constance,
taxed at nine hides, sufficient for eight ploughs : four hides in demesne, two ploughs kept, and there
might have been another : thirteen villeins, with four bordars, had five ploughs. There were five
servants : pasture for eight teams : woods for forty hogs : altogether worth 100 shillings ; and in the
time of King Edward, Ql. Eddeva held this Manor of Queen Edith, and might sell it.' Geoffi'ey,
Bishop of Constance, was at the battle of Hastings ; and in 1074 commanded the King's army against
the insurgents, when Ranulf, Earl of Suffolk and Norfolk, and Roger, Earl of Hereford, opposed the
new sovereign. He held in this county, besides Ludgershall, lands in Wormenhall, North-Marston
Oving, Stewkley, Water-Eton, Simpson, Little-Linford, Lathbury, Tyringham, Stoke-Goldington,
Weston-Underwood, Olney, Lavingdon, Newton-Blossomvile, Clifton-Reynes, Sherrington, and
Emberton; had possessions in Berks, Huntingdon, Bedford, Northampton, Wilts, Dorsetshire,
Leicester, Warwick ; in Lincolnshire more than sixty manors, and ninety in Devon.'' He joined
Robert de Mowbray, Earl of Northumberland, in seizing Bristol, after the death of the Conqueror,
and adhered to his son Robert ; but when William Rufiis ascended the throne, this powerful eccle-
siastic was deprived of all his English possessions. In the reign of Henry L two hides of land here
were granted to the family of Cauz, and held, with Water-Eton, by the service of keeping the King's
hawks, for which purpose they were commodiously situated near the royal residence at Brill.
1 Paroch. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 56. See also Brill, p. 95. = Had. MSS. 4170, p. 33. ' p. 209.
* From a Map made by the Surveyors at the Inclosure.
^Terra Epi Constant. In Tichessele Hd. Ipse eps ten' Lotegarser p. ix. hid', se defd'. Tra. e. viii. car. In dnio. mi.
hide et ibi sunt ii". car. et iii"* pot. fieri. Ibi xiii. uilli cu. mi. bord. hnt. v. car. Ibi v. serui. Ptu. viii car. Silua. xl.
pore. In totis ualent. ual. et ualuit c. sol. T. R. E. vi. lib. Hoc 00'. tenuit Eddeua de regine Eddid et uende. potuit. Lib.
Censual. vol. i. f. 145.
6 Lib. Censual. vol. i. p. 58, 66, 77, 87, 102, 204, 209, 220, 231, 238,
VOL. I. 2 R
306 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Tliis estate ^vas afterwards transferred to Godfrey de Traylly, of Bedfordshire, (a tenant of the
Bishop of Constance) wlio married Albreda. sister of Walter Esp^e, founder of Kirkham Abbey, in
Yorkshire. Godfrey de Traylly gave tithes of land here, with other benefactions to Thorney Abbey,
in Cambridgeshire.' He was succeeded by his son Walter, who, in 1211, was assessed to the scutage
for Scotland, for two knight's fees, mider the honour of Warden, co. Beds." In 1216, the Sheriff of
Bucks and Beds, was commanded to deliver all the lands of Walter de Traylly, within his bailiwick,
to Ralph de Beauchamp.' In 1223, the tenants of the Earl of Pembroke, in this parish, are recorded
by Kennet to have paid scutage on the defeat of Llewellyn, Prince of Wales :* but this is probably an
error, and, like many others, has happened from inattention in the transcription of old returns, the
lands alluded to being at Ludgershall, in Wiltshire.
In 1224, the wardship of the lands of Walter de Traylly, a minor, with the benefit of his marriage,
was committed to the Earl of Gloucester f and Ludgershall, so annexed to his earldom, was afterwards
held by Walter de Teys, at one knight's fee, as of the Honour of Gloucester.''
In 1231, William de Hobreg, guardian to Walter de Traylly, presented to one of the benefices in
his patronage." In 1241 (26 Hen. III.) the Lord of Ludgershall held lands in capite by suit of Court
at the King's manor of Brill, and a money payment ; and all his tenants, entitled to pannage in Lud-
gershall, had right of agistment in Brill Forest,'^ which was a privilege peculiar even in the time of
Edward HI.'-'
Sibil, wddow of Walter de Teys, held this manor in dower. She is called Joane by Dugdale,'" and
was a daughter and co-heiress of William de Hohrugg, guardian to Walter de Traylly, and afterwards
the wife of Roger de Hunting-field, who died 41 Hen. HI. At her death Ludgershall came to the
Crown, and Thomas de Maunsell, the King's Escheator for Bucks, accounted for 35s. thereupon."
John de Traylly died in 12.56,'" seised of half a knight's fee, held under the Earl of Gloucester, and of
a plot of ground held of the King in capite, at Id. pr. ann. He left a son, Walter," at whose death,
in 1289, his lands were committed to Henry de Bray, the King's Escheator;" and .in 1298, William
de Luda, Bishop of Ely, died,'^ seised of Ludgershall, partly held of the King in capite, as a member
of Brill, and partly of Gilbert, Earl of Gloucester, and Joane of Arc his wife,"^ leaving William Tucker
and Isabel, wife of Roger Morteyn, his heirs." Lysons says, that this estate was leased by the family
of Traylly to William de la Luda :'" but it was conveyed to him by Walter de Traylly, during the
minority of his son John, who, on coming of age, recovered this manor against William de Luda ; and
in 1307 (1 Edw. II.) William Tuchet, heir of William de Luda, on proof of his legal descent, and
that his sister Isabel de Morteyn had been legally enfeoffed by Walter de Traylly, regained possession.'-'
He joined Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, in an insurrection, and being captured at Boroughbridge, in
1321, was beheaded at Pontefract.'-" After the death of Earl Gilbert,'-' on a partition of the Honour of
Gloucester,"'' Ludgershall was assigned to Hugh de Audley and Margaret his wife, for one knight's
' Monast. Anglic, vol. i. p. 296 ; Manning and Bray's Surrey, vol. i. p. 176. " Rot. Pip. 13. Joh.
3 Rot. Claus. 18 Joh. ni. 5. MSS. Cardigan at Wrest, co. Beds. * Parocbial Antiquities, vol. i. p. 274.
5 Rot. Claus. 9 Hen. III. — MSS. Cardigan. 6Harl. MSS. n. 313. f. 45. ' Regist. Hugonis Wells Ep. Line.
8 Cart, de Boarstall MS. f. 112 ; Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. i. p. 323. 9 See p. 52.
1'^ Bar. torn. ii. p. 7. '^ Dodsworth's MSS. vol. xv. p. 304 ; Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. i. p. 348.
12 Esc. 41. Hen. HI. Cal. vol. i. p. 16. also, Brill, p. 98.
" Dodsworth's MSS. vol. xliv. p. 3. Kennet, vol. i. p. 392 ; Esc. 1. Ed. I. n°. 14 ; Cal. vol. i. p. 48.
"Rot. Orig. vol. i. p. 63. 15 Le Neve's Fasti, p. 68. i^P. 157.
17 Dodsworth's MSS. vol. xliv. p. 237 ; Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. i. p. 472; Esc. 26 Ed. I. n°. 72; Cal. vol. i. p. 148.
i« Magn. Brit. vol. i. p. 598. '9 Placit. 27 Edw. I. ro. 43 ; Abbrev. p. 239.
soCollins's Peerage, vol. iv. p. 15; edit. 1741. =i Esc. 8. Ed. II. n°. 68.; Cal. vol. i. p. 264.
"- The Honour of Gloucesteii comprised Courts Leet in many of the following parishes and hamlets in Bucks, and
LUDGERSHALL with KINGSWOOD and TETCHWICK. 307
fee and an half, and SOL pr. ann/ having been granted to them for life, by Hugh le Despenser, the
younger, who acquired part of this Honour by marrying the daughter and co-heiress of Gilbert de
Clare." Hugh de Audley died, seised of a manor here f which, after the decease of Hugh le
Despenser, in 1335, was given to Sir John de Molyns,* who held it, included in Brill, at 25. 6d pr.
ann.^ and it was forfeited by his attainder.'' In 1337, Sir John de Molyns, having regained possession,
obtained a charter for Court-Leet and Gallows,'^ of which the remembrance is preserved by the names
of Gallows-Lane and Bridge, in the northern part of this parish.
In 1339, Walter, son of Sir John de Traylly, Knt., released his rights here, to Sir John de
Handlo and Sir John de Molyns. The life-interest granted to the former by Hugh le Despenser, is
mentioned in a charter in 134'"5, to Sir John de Molyns,^ who, in 1346, had license to impark his
woods and 100 acres adjacent, "for the better support of his dignity as a banneret."^ In 1350, Walter
de Traylly made another release to Molyns, and his heirs, of this manor,^" which, in 1358, was com-
mitted to Sir Gilbert Chastellayne," and afterwards descended, with the inheritance of Molyns, by a
female heir to the Hungerfords ; was assigned to Mary, Baroness Hungerford, &c. during the
sequestration of the estates of her husband, in the reign of Edw. iV. and having been restored by
King Henry the Seventh to Sir Edmund Hastings, again came to the crown by the attainder of
Edward Stafford, Duke of Buckingham,^- and the rents of assize, payable to the Honour of Gloucester,
out of lands in Ludgershall, with courts and all other fees for its dependencies in Bucks were de-
mised in 1587 by Queen Elizabeth, for twenty-one years, at 51. 14^. l^d. per ann. to John
Newett, Gent." and in 1611 granted, by King James the First, to John Eldred and John Whitmore,
Esqrs. of London, and their assigns, in free soccage.'^ This grant was afterwards renewed, with
view of frank-pledge, courts, &c. the advowson of the church excepted," but no certain accounts have
been discovered how this estate subsequently passed, until it at length became the property of the
family of Borlace, together with
THE MANOR OF FITZ-MANNE IN LUDGERSHALL.
This manor, in the time of Edward the Confessor, belonged to Aluric, his chamberlain, who might
sell it ; and was afterwards given to William Fitz-Manne, who held it at the Domesday Survey. The
land was sufficient for two ploughs, one hide and one virgate in the demesne, and one plough there ;
and three villeins had another plough, the pasture for one team : in all two hides, and valued at
twenty shillings. '''
William, called Filius Mayni^'^ held no other lands in capite in this county, and King Henry the
Knight's fees or lands in all of them, viz. Ludgershall, Chilton, Dorton, Easington, Oakley, Wotton- Underwood, Singleborough
Whitchurch, Stewkley, Grove, Cublington, Hillesdon, Maids-Morton, Buckingham, Bourton, Lenborough, Langport,
Edgcott, Kimbell, Missenden, Bradwell, Woughton, Woolston, Broughton, Bow-Brickhill, Crawley, Wavendon, Caldecot
in Newport, Bletchley, Middleton-Keynes, Great-Marlow, and probably others; but in the Records printed by the
authority of Parliament there are so many errors and misnomers, that it is difficult to ascertain the correct description of
these possessions.
1 MSS. Cardigan. 2 P. 60. 3 Esc. 21 Ed. TIL n". 59 ; Cal. vol. ii. p. 138. ■* Kennet, vol. ii. p. 29.
5 Dodsworth's MSS. vol. Ix. f. 151. 6 Dugd. Bar. torn. ii. p. 145. " See Brill, pp. 99, 118, 288.
sDodsworth's MSS. vol. 67; Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 87. « Dugdale's Baron, torn. ii. p. 145.
10 Rot. Claus. 24 Ed. III. n". 20, and Kennet, vol. ii. p. 105. " Rot. Claus. 32, Ed. III. See also p. 99. 12 Page 29.
"Rot. Pat. 30 Eliz. ; Test. 20 May. wjb. 9 Jac. I. Test. 8 Apl. 'Mb. Test. 11 Jun.
'6 Terra Willi Filii Manne. Willelm' Filius Manne ten' in Lotegarser 11. hid. Tra. e. 11 car. In d'nio i. hida et i uirg'-
et ibi e. una car. et in. uilli hnt. i car. jitu. i car. Val. etualuit sep. xx'" sol. Hoc CO. tenuit Aluric camerarius R. E.
et uende pot. Lib. Censual. vol. i. f, 151.
17 Ibid. 143.
308 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Second liaving given three hides here, and ten in Bernwode Forest, to the French Augustine Hospital
of Santingfiekl, in Picardy, may be supposed to have included in his grant part of the manor pre-
viously described, in addition to these lands of Fitz-Manne. How long the latter possessed his estate
here is not ascertained. The charter is without date, but being attested by Thomas, then Chancellor,
who resigned that office in 1162, and by William the king's brother, who died soon after his accession,
must be fixed in the beginning of that reign.'
In 1296, (2-5 Ed. I.) a fine was passed of lands here, between Thomas de Adengrave, and Alice,
his wife, who, about that time, alienated other possessions in this neighbourhood," and Geoffrey le
Fraunceys, and Sibil his wife; and another fine between Thomas de Totchewyk, elk. and William Davy
the elder .^ In 1238, another fine of messuages and lands here, between " Friar William, Master
of the Hospital of St. John Baptist of Farley, and William Fitz-Romari, of Ludgareshall," the right
of the Master and Brethren of the Hospital ;" and in 1291, the estate of the Brethren of Santingfiekl
here, was estimated at 11. 19s. Sd. per annum. ^
The Hospitals at Farley and Ludgershall were united under the same superior, John de Rokele ;®
and Dugdale mentions the foundation of the Hospital here, on three acres of land given for that
purpose.^
At the suppression of Alien Priories, the possessions of Santingfield came to the crown ; and in
1446, their lands in Ludgershall were given, as Tanner says, to King's College, Cambridge f but
Lysons states, that Trinity College had these lands.^ In 1521 (13 Hen. VIII.) Giles Caron, Master
or Rector, and the Brethren of God's House at Santingfield, demised to George Rotheram of Farley,
CO. Beds, an estate in Ludgershall, for ninety-two years, at ten marks per ann.
King Edward the Sixth granted a manor in Ludgershall to Sir Thomas Palmer, Knt. his heirs
and assigns, for the twentieth part of one knight's fee, and 107s. per ann. rent ;" and soon after
the accession of Mary," the Queen, by patent, reciting the demise to Rotheram by the Hospitallers,
and for money paid into the Exchequer, granted to the same George Rotherham and Roger Berbour,
of Luton, yeoman, this manor, late parcel of the possessions of Sir Thomas Palmer, attainted.
Elizabeth, widow of George Rotherham, was afterwards married to Sir George Peryent, Knt. of
Digswell, CO. Herts, and survived until 1655, having attained her ninetieth year ; but this estate had
been long before alienated to Sir John Baldwin, Knt. of Aylesbury, who died seised, and his lands
were divided between Alice, his surviving daughter, Thomas, son of Robert Pakington, '" by Catherine,
another daughter, and John Burlace, Esq. son of Edward Burlace by Parnell, his third daughter ;
and a fine being passed between Thomas Pakington, and Dorothy his wife, and John Burlace," one
moiety of this manor was vested in Burlace, and descended, as in the accompanying pedigree, to
his grandson, " Sir William Borlace, Knt. of Marlow, who died in 1630, seised of the manor of
^ " Henricus Rex AnglitE et Dux Norman, et Aquit. et comes Andegavisje Episcopo Line, et Justiciariis et Vice Comitibus
et Baronibus et Ministris et omnibus fidelibus suis de Bedfordscire et Buckinghamscyre, Salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse in peipetuam elemosinam Hospitali de Santingefelda juxta Wytsand et fratribus ibidem
Deo servientibus terram, &c. . . . Et in nianerio de Luttegersala tres hidas terrse et decern acras forestse ad sedificia sua
facienda. Et volo et firmiter prsecipio quod hsec omnia predicta habeant et teneant in pace et liber^ et quiet^ in bosco et
in piano in pratis et pascuis et in omnibus locis, cum omnibus libertatibus et consuetudinibus suis. T. Thoma Cancellario
et Willielmo fratre Regis et Ricardo de Huniet, Constabulario et Manassero Byset Dapifero. Apud St. Audomarum.
Rot. Franc. 1. Hen. IV. m. 12. per Inspex. Rot. Pat. 1. Hen. V. p. 1, m. 11. Ibid, 13 Ed. IV. p. 1 ; Monast. Anglic.
N. Ed. vol. vi. p. 639.
= See p. 153. ' Rot. Fin. 25 Ed. I. * Rot. Fin. 23 Hen. III. « Taxat. P. Nic. fol. 73^ p. 46.
ePrynne, vol. iii. p. 591, and Monast. Anglic, vol. vi. p. 639. 7 Ibid. 8 Rot. Pat. 56, Hen. VI. p. 1. m. 7, p. 2.
0 Mag. Brit. vol. i. p. 598. lo Rot. Pat. 1 Ed. VI. Test. 28 Jul.
" See page 30 ; also Bayley's Hist, of the Tower, p. 424. ^" Pedigree of Pakington of Atlesbuuy.
" Rot. Fin. 5 Ed. VI. Term Hilar.
LUDGERSHALL with KINGSWOOD and TETCHWICK.
309
Lurgesall, alias Ludgershall, cum pert, of the manor of Lurgasal, alias Lurgeshall here, and in Brill,
of the value of 13L 65. Sd. per ann. the first held of the King as of the Honour of Ewelme, and
the second at 31. Gs. 8d. with court-leet, by services unknown ; and also seised of the advowson of
the church, and the Bury tithes, held of the King, in soccage, as of the manor of East-Greenwich."'
These lands are conjectured to have come to the family of English, and subsequently to have been
acquired by the Borlaces. Henry English was sheriff of Hertfordshire in 1358, and Thomas
English of Chalfont, St. Peters, one of his family, was the grantee of the site of Snelshall Priory, on
the surrender to Queen Mary of a term, demised by King Henry the Eighth, to Thomas Leven-
thoi-pe, of Pitchcot, as part of Sir Thomas Palmer's lands. In what manner any portion of the
estate of the latter in Ludgershall had been acquired by the Englishes is not exactly ascertained : but
William Burlacy, younger son of Edward, by Jane, his second wife, and half-brother to John Borlace?
son of Parnell Baldwin, having married Mary English, it might have so passed. The descendant of
Sir William Borlace, Anne, sole daughter and heir of Sir John Borlace, Bt. carried the inheritance
by marriage, to Arthur Warren, Esq. of Stapleford, co. Notts, whose great-grandson. Sir John
Borlase Warren, Bart, and K. B. under an act of Parliament for inclosing 1800 acres here in 1777,'-
received an allotment in lieu of his lands in the open fields, with reservation of manorial rights and
exoneration from tithes ; and in 1785 conveyed the manor and advowson to Mary-Anne Martyn,
widow, at whose death, in 1786, the estate descended to her only son and heir, Claudius Martyn,
then rector of this parish : who, by will, 3d September, 1821, bequeathed all his property here to
his son, Thomas Martyn, then rector, who, in 1828, succeeded to the manor and advowson.
PEDIGREE or BURLACY on BORLACE, and BORLASE-WARREN, of LUDGERSHALL
AND LITTLE MARLOW.
b. 107, Harl. in Mus. Britan.
Arms : Erm. on a bend S. two hands issuing at the elbows from as many clouds Prop, rending a horse-shoe Or. Burlacy. Arg. two bars Gu. in ch. three hurts.
Moles. Arg. three-oak leaves slipped, acorned Prop. Baldwin. Erm. a less cheque Or. and S. Aden. Erm. on a Chief indented Gu. three crowns Or.
Litton. Arg. three boars' heads erect, erased in pale S. Booth. Arg. between six trefoils a fess charged with three trefoils. Oke. Erm. a cross. Gu.
charged with five escalops. Arg. Weyland. Cheq. Or. and Az. in a canton Gu. a lion ramp, of the first. Warren. Crest, on a chapeau Gu. turned
up Erm. a Wivern Arg. with wings expanded cheq. Or. and Az. Also, a wolf passant regardant, proper, in his mouth an arrow, barbed Or.
BuRLAcy, of Cornwall=;
Walter Burlacy, of St. Newbrine, co. Cornwall
[^Langley's Desborough, p. 317. Betham,
■iv-M-J
1 of Oats or Oke of Treludra.
Nicholas Burlacv,
ancestor of Lord Bor-
lase, cr. by K. James
2d. after his abdi-
.... 3d dau. of Sir
IMich. Dormer, Knt.=
ofAscott.co. Oxon.
rPEDIG.ofDoRMEu]
2w. I
.Tane, dau. of Edward Bu
= . . . . Huddleston. =p)r Biu-lace.
Parnell, dau. and
:coh. of Sir John
Baldwin, Knt. Ch.
Just. Com. Pl. Wid.
of Tho. Ramsey,
Esq. of Hitcham,
ob. 5 June, 1564.
Walter Bdrlacy,
of Stithney , ances. of
Will.Borlase,LL.D.
Historian of Corn-
wall.
Edward Burlact, . . . . dau.ofWill. Will. Burlacy,=Mary
1588, bur. 22d=j=BuTy, of Hamp- ob. 1608, bur. 29
ton-Poyle, co. July, at Little
Oxon. Marlow.
dau. of
English,
of Flask.
[Betham, sed.
qu?]
John Bi
Bockmer House, Little
Marlow: Sheriff of Bucks.
9 Eliz. M. P. 28 Eliz.
Sheriff, 30 Eliz. purchased
Ludgershall M. ob. 1593,
bur. at Little Marlow,
17 JIay.
Esq. of=pANNE, dau. and coh. of Sir Rob.
Litton, K. B. of Knebworth, co.
Herts: ob. 1621, bur. 21 Jan. at
Little JIarlow.
[Marlow Regist.]
Inquis. at Chepping- Wycombe,
■Stat. 17 Geo. IIL c. 43.
Jan. 1630 ; Cole's MSS. in Mus. Brit. vol. iii. p. 2.
310
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Catufrine, only ilau.
bap. 14 Oct. 15ti8.
[Bethaji.]
SirWiLi.iAM BunLACE, Knt.(28=
June, 1603, at Salden, Bucks)
Sheriff of Bucks 43 Eliz.M. P.
for Aylesbury, 1 Jac. 1. for Wy-
combe, 12 Jac. and 3 Car. 1.
ob. 1628, buried 10 Sep. at
Marlow.
=MAnv, dau. of Nicholas Back-
house, Esq. of London, bur. 18
July, 1625, at Little-INIarlow.
Eliz. mar. to Saml. Backhouse,
Esq. of Swallowfield, co, Berks.
DoiioTHY, bap. 25th June, 1564,
mar. to George Tipping, Gent, of
Whitfield, CO. Oxon.
[Pedigree of Tipping.]
*Anne, mar. to Sir Euseby Isham,
Knt., of Braunston, co. Northamp.
and ancestor of Dame Mary, wife
of Sir Fleetwood Dormer, Knt. of
Lee-Granae.
HtNKY Bohlase, Esq. eldest 2. Sir William Borlase, Knt..
son, 31. P. for Aylesbury, 18 of Marlow and Bockmer, ob.
Jac.l. Marlow, 21 Jac. 1. ob. 15 Dec. 1630, buried at Lit-
s. p. tle-Marlow.
' Anne, dau. of SirFra.Pop-
ham, Knt. of Littlecot. co.
Wilts, sist. of John Popham,
Esq. mar. 2dly to Gabriel
Hippesley, Esq. Equerry to
KingCha. I. ob. 1661, bur.
1 Aug. at Marlow.
Esq. M. P. for
Mariow, 15 and
16 Car. 1. ob.
Sir John Burlase, Knt. and Bart.=j=
(cr. 4 May, 1642) one of the Lords
Justices of Ireland: ob. 1672, bur.
12 Aug. at Blarlow.
William BoRLACE,=pJc/i
Esq.M.P.forJIar-
low, 12 and 13 Car.
2. ob. 1665, bur. 1
qu?
Anne, mar. to Rich. Grenville, Esq. of
Wotton: ob. 30 Jan. 1646.
[Pedigree of GRr.NVH.LE.]
Mary, ob. innupt. 1637, bur. 27 Feb.
at Marlow.
4. Laralia, "son of Sir
JohnBurlase, Knt. bap.
atBeaconsfield,29June,
1620."
[ Beaamsfield Regist.ex MSS.
Steele.]
Sir John Bor
low. 31 and ;
and JIar. ob. 1
ASE,2d Bart. M. P. for Mar.=pALicE,
1 Car. 2.1 Jac. 2. and 1 Will.
88 ; bur. 6 Feb. at Marlow
Henrietta, nuir. to Sir Ric. Astley, Bart, as his second wife was mo-
ther of Sir John Astley, Bart.
Anne, mar. to Lieut.-General Webb, of Biddlestone, co. Wilts.
ALiciA.mar. to John Wallop, Esq., father of the 1st Earl of Ports-
mouth.
Mary, mar. to Tho. Wingfield, Esq. of co. Salop.
JohnBorlase, Esq. only son;
ob. vita patris, s.p.
lLa„gley\De.boro„gI,,f.3U.-\
^', Esq. of Staple-
Borlase Warren, Esq.=;
f=ANNK, ob.l752,
Arnold, bap. 17 Oct. 1678.
Anne, only d
ob. 1747, bur. 15 Jlay, at
bur. 5 April.
Arthur, bap. 14 Nov. 1681.
mar. to Ci.a.
Little-iAIarlow.
CHARLEs,bap.8June, 1683.
John, bap. 20 July, 1690: ob. Feb. 1733.
Baldwin, bap. 15 Mar. 1693.
James, ob. 29 Mar. 1774, Kt. 89, bur. at
in Scotland.
Lit. Marlow. ILangley's Desk p.326.]
Cl'ia. 4th A'iscount Cullen,
1. Arthur Warren, eld. son. bap. 24
May, 1704. bur. 11 Nov. 1768.
2. Arnold, bap. 2 Sep. 1705, bur. 20
Aug. 1767.
3. Charles Warren. A, M. Rect, of
Ludgershall, ob. 1748. [Page 318,]
, John Borlase Warren, Esq.;
i\I.P. for Nottingham 8 Geo.
2.ob.l763,bur,iitMarlow,10
;Bridget 5. James Warren, bap. 15 Katherine, bap. 20 June, 1710,
Russell, i^eb. 1712, of Eman. Coll. bur. Feb. 1711.
ob. 1752, Camb. LL.B. 1738, Rect. Doroth\ ,bap.7 Jan. 1714.
bur. 14 of Stretton-Audley, co. Mary, bap. 5 April, 1717.
Nov. Oxon. and of Ludgershall, Anne. mar. to Cha. 5th Vise. Cul-
1748. [Page 318.] len; ob. 1754. [Laiig/ej/'s Des-
borough, p. 317.]
:Carolinf,, youngest dau. of General
Sir John Clavering, K. B. (3d son
of Sir James Clavering, Bart.) by
Lady Diana \Vest, 3d dau. of Jolin,
1st Earl Ue-la-Warre ; mar. before
1790.
, bap. 17 Nov. 1755.
, bap. 27 Jan. 1757, ob. 27
Rt. Hon. Sir John Borlace Warren, Bart. K.B. born=
5 Oct. 1753, cr. Bart, of Little-Marlow 20 May, 1775,
ofEman. Coll. Camb. A.M. 1776; M.Pfor Marlow,
1774, 1780; K.B. 9 Jan. 1794 ; Commodore at Qui-
beronBay, 1795; M. P. for Nottingham, 1796, 1802;
Rear Admiral of the Blue, 1799 ; of tlie White, 1802 ; of
the Red, 1804: Ambassadorto.St.Petersburgh,
Privy Councillor, ; Governor of Greenwich Hos-
pital, i ob. 22 Feb. 1822, at Greenwich; bur. at
Sti-etton-Audley, co. Oxon.
• Betham, in his Baronetage, vol. iv. p. 5, hasomitted the name of ^ime, daughter of John Burlace, and wife of Sir Euseby Isham; describes Sir Tn//iam
Borlace (grandson of Sir John) as marrying Am\i, daughter of Sir F. Popham, and these the parents of Sir John Borlace, Bart.; but in vol.i. p. 301. n. mentions
Susanna, daughter of Henry Isham, youngest son of Sir Euseby, by Anne Borlace, as wife of Edmund Borlace, and mother of Sir John, the first Baronet.
In some modern Baronetages, Sir John Borlace, Ld. Justice of Ireland, is described erroneously as son of John, instead of being his great-gi-andson.
PEDIGREE OF MARTYN, of LUDGERSHALL.
From 'Wood's Athene , Newcouit's Repertorium, Martyn's Dissertations, Bridges 's History of Nortliamptonshire, Faulkner's Chelsea, .
Gorham's .Memoirs, Family Evidences, and Parochial Registers.
Arms: Arg. two bars Gii. within a bordure engrailed Sab. Crett : a leopard's head coupe proper. Martyn. Sub. three lioncels passant Arg. Fonnereau.
Erm. a chevron between three pear-leaves erect, slipped, proper. Pearson. Sab. three hounds courant 2. and 1. Homer. Arg. two lioncels passant in
pale. Strangeways.
John Maiitvn,
circ. 1500.=j=MAnGAnLT, dau. and lir. of Humphrey Ruiding,
I of Droitwich, CO. Worcester,
LUDGERSHALL with KINGSWOOD and TETCHWICK.
311
dau. of Sir Geo. Boteler, Knt.
John Mahtyn, 5th son, born 1558 ; Rector of Swii
Wilts, 30 Nov. 1581 ; ob. 5 July, 1626.
i.=j=:\lARY, . .
J of Copley.
SiRAH.Sddau.ofRicIiardProud, Citizen Thobias Marivn, born 11 Nov. 1601 ; of Eman. Coll. Camb. 16
and Goldsmith, of London ; granddaugh- Mar. 1617 ; matriculated 28 Mar. 1618 ; A. B. 1621 ; A.M. 1625 ;
terof Ric. Proud, Rect. of Bourton on=j=Vic. of Little-Houghtou, co. Northamp. 1641 to 1662; expelled=
the Heath, co. Warwick, by Rose, dau. for non-conformity : ob. 17 Nov. 1692 ; buried at Chigwell,
of Will. Nottingham, of Ipsvi^ich. Essex.
IDugclale, p. 194.]
Thomas Martvn, =j=I'
Merchant of London, born 23 July, 1
! April, 1743.
RTYN, born 1635.=pRH0DA, dau. of Tlio. Hodges, D.D. (Vicar of
1 Kensington, 1647 ; one of the Assembly of
IN, mar. 9 May, Divines ; Dean of Hereford, 1661 ; Rect. of
700. St. Peters, Cornhill, Lond.) sister of Nat.
Hodges, JM. D.
Eulalia, youngest dau.
of John King. D. D.:
Prebendary of York,
mar.30 Aug. 1732; ob.
13 Feb. 1749: bur. at
Chelsea.
Ma
Ma
Joh:
:bom in London, 12 Sept. 1699 ; Secretary of the Botanical
Society of London, 1722 ; of Eman. Coll. Camb. 26 May,
1726; F.R.S. 30 Mar. 1727 ; Professor of Botany inCamb.
1733, resigned 1761 ; ob.29 Jan. 1768, buried 4 Feb. at
Chelsea.
BIary'-Anne, 3d dau. of Claude Fonnereau, merchant of Rochelle,
=iii France, by Eliz. his first wife, dau. of Philip Bureau, of Niort, in
Picardy ; born 9 July, 1711; bap. 5 Aug. in St. Stephen's, Walbrook ;
mar. 9 July, 1749-50, at Petersham, co. Surrey ; purchased Ludger-
shall M. 1785 ; ob. vidua 17 Dec. 1786 ; bur. 23 Dec. at Ludgershall.
of Nether- Winchendon, &c.
Claudius Martyn,
only son and hr.b.27 Jan. 1751, atChel-
sea ; of Sidney- Sussex Coll. Camb. A. B.
1772; Curate of Great-Abington, 1773;=
A. M. 1775 ; Vicar of Whittlesford, co.
Camb. 1778,resignedl781 ; Rec.of Lud-
gershall 9 June,1785, resigned 1821; will
dated 3d Sept. 1821 ; ob. 30 Oct. 1828 ;
bur. 5 Nov. atPaddington.co. Middlesex.
Mary Stalley,
b. 12 Dec. 1754. at Abing-
don-magna, co. Camb. mar.
at Ludgershall, 22 Sept.
1789 ; ob vidua 29 May,
1831.
Thosias Martyn, =
b. 21 April, 1792 ; of Queen's Coll.
Oxon ; Rector of Ludgershall, 14 Dec.
1821: Lord of the Manor and Patron of
the Living, 1823.
=Catherine- Horner Strangeways,
3d dau. of the Rev. John Pearson,
mar. 24 Oct. 1814, at Evenley, co.
Northampton.
Mary^ Anne Fonnereau.
Georgiana.
Emily Philippa.
Frances Elisabeth.
THE MANOR
is co-extensive with the parish, and comprises certain quit-rents, with court-leet and court-baron ;
but no courts have been held during many years.
In 1547, Edward Adingrave passed a fine with Thomas Curzon of lands here,^ which afterwards
belonged to the Belsons/ (who intermarried with the Curzons) and at a later period became the
property of the Snells.
Mr. John Harris held about 173 acres, allotted under the Inclosure-Act in 1777,^ which have since
passed to the family of Coles, of Stretton-Audley, co. Oxon. On this estate is
Bury-Court, a decayed mansion, N.E. of the Church, recently divided into small tenements. An
old well, near the site of a large building, south of the village, has been assigned by tradition as the
depository of treasure. Here is also a moated enclosure, apparently belonging to another mansion,
perhaps of Mary Lady de St. Amand, in the reign of Edw. I.^ but destroyed in the Barons' wars,
when the lands of the Despensers were laid waste; all that remained in the general wreck being
included in the release made by the surviving heir to Sir John de Molyns,^ in the reign of Edw. HI.
Rot. Fin. 1, Ed. VI.
See p. 264, and Dugdale's
'- Brill, p.
torn. ii. p. 20.
3 Award of the Commissioners.
307, and Rennet's Antiq. vol. ii. p. 143, 144.
312 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Richard Gilkes, of Adderbury, co. Oxon, held lands here by allotment, under the Inclosure-Act,
in 1777. His estate passed by the marriage of his daughter to Francis Wastie, Esq., of Great-
Haseley, at whose death it passed in right of his daugliter and heir, Mary Gilkes-Wastie, to her
husband, John Ingram-Lockhart, Esq. Barrister-at-Law, and 14th June, 1821, D. C.L. ; M. P. for
Oxford from 1809 to 1830, and by whom other lands here (likewise acquired by the same Francis
Wastie, by purchase of Joseph Burnham, Attorney-at-Law, of Aylesbury, to whom they had been
conveyed by Piatt and others) were possessed at his death in 1830. Richard Drope-Gough,
Esq. of Souldern, co. Oxon. held about 152 acres at the time of the inclosure, Avhich were conveyed
to George Grenville, afterwards Marquess of Buckingham, and descended to Richard, Duke of
Buckingham and Chandos, K.G. who, in 1828, purchased Great and Little-Breach, and other lands,
the property of the Rev. Tho. Snell, A. M. Rector of Windlesham, co. Surrey,' formerly belonging
to Sir John Baldwin, Knt. before mentioned.'-
Mr. Thomas Stevenson's estate here, also passed since 1777 to the family of Morell, and is now
the property of Robert Morell, Esq. of Oxford.
THE VILLAGE
is irregular, amongst small inclosures at the foot of Brill-Hill, on the north, and though exposed to
floods, is remarkable for the longevity of its inhabitants.
It is gratifying to record, that the cottagers were much benefited by portions of the manorial
lands, generously and benevolently attached to their habitations by the Reverend Thomas Martyn,
Lord of the Manor and Rector.
In Friar's mead, near the Parsonage, is a moated inclosure, supposed to have been part of Santing-
ficld Hospital, now included in an estate vested in feoffees for the poor of Bicester.' This land is
said to have previously belonged to the family of Spiers ; and Richard Spiers is mentioned in an old
book of accounts as possessed of the Friary.
The taxation of Ludgershall to the ninths, temp. Edvv. HI. amounted to IH marks, including
pannage of hogs in the forest ;* and Eustace Colyn, Nigel le Warde, Robert Davy, John Kybald,
John Saleman, and John Barnard, Assessors, certified that beans and peas were deficient in produce
on account of dry weather, and that there were no merchants nor cattle-dealers here.^
Expences of the poor in 1776 in Ludgershall and Tetchvvick, 131/. 2s. 5d.; in 1783, 199/. 6s. ;
in 1785, 274/. Os. 9^/. ; in 1822, 492/. 4s.; in 1824, 442/. 10s. In Kingswood in 1783, 6/. 6s. Id. ;
in 1785, 15/. 5s. 2d. ; in 1822, 77/. 15s.; in 1825, 80/. Land-tax, 224/. 19s. The population in
1815 consisted of 217 males, and 208 females, inhabiting 80 houses.*^ In 1821, in Ludgershall and
Tetchwick, 510; in Kingswood, 56 ; in Ludgershall, families, 106; in Kingswood, 10: males, 271,
females, 249.
In 1831, families, 121; inhabited houses, 73 ; males, 319 ; females, 206. In 1835, this parish,
with Kingswood, was included in the Aylesbury Union ; but Kingswood being partly in the parish of
Grendon, still contributes towards the church there as well as at Ludgershall. It comprises about 254
acres, was formerly forest-land, included in the royalty of Brill, and appropriated to the Crown, and
thus probably acquired its name.
1 Brill p. 10-2, 103. '- Page 308.
3 In 1831, the feoffees were, Thomas Lewis Coker, Will. Davies, Thomas Tubb, John Kirby, William Cole, and John
George, all of Bicester.
* See page 99. s Inquis. Nonar. 15 Edw. III. p. 338. 6 Diocesan Returns.
LUDGERSHALL with KINGSWOOD and TETCHWICK. 313
Tradition points to King Henry II. as having made a retreat in this neighbourhood for his
favourite Rosamond Clifford, whose name is attached to a lane, between the woods, called " Rosa-
mond's Way," in an old map of part of Bernwood Forest. Rosamond is also mentioned in con-
nexion with other estates in this county,' and Robert of Gloucester remarks,
" Boures hadde Rosamande
About in Engelonde,
Which this King for her sake made
Ich understonde."
but the names of " Wodestoke and other fell places"^ as her retreats, seem insufficient to determine
that King's-wood was similarly distinguished on the like account ; although, from its proximity to
the King's residence at Brill, and within the forest, such a " Boure" might probably have been pro-
vided ; especially as part of Lee and Doddershall, nearly contiguous, anciently belonged to her
family.^ A single coin of Licinius, found here by the Rev. Claudius Martyn, and the only numismatic
relic (not-withstanding various reports) which has been preserved in the neighbourhood, bears a
laureated bust, and on the reverse a figure, with a quiver of arrows, but the legend defaced. And
neither history nor tradition illustrate the descent of Kingsv/ood, so far as has been hitherto ascer-
tained, until this estate was forfeited by Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester, in the reign of
Richard II.* the seigniory descending with Brill.
In 1577, Thomas Handford (to whom the remainder of a term granted by Queen Elizabeth in
1568 to John Jackson, had been assigned) surrendered to the Crown his lease of lands here, and
paying a fine equal to two years reserved rent, had a renewal of the grant, and this estate was
afterwards exchanged for other lands with Edward Turner.
In 1590, Queen Elizabeth, on the surrender of Walter Coppinger and Thomas Butler, granted,
in exchange, " Burllngbanck or Burlesbank, in Ludgarshall, Clerefield-Hook, Ships or Sheep-bridge,
Tethersal-Hatch, &c.° and by indenture, 29 Mar. 1639, between Will. Honeywood and Fra. Flyer,
Esqrs. of London, and John Walthel Mercer, of the first part ; the Warden and Company of Mercers
of London of the second ; Thomas Atkin and John Dethick, Aldermen of London, John Holland,
John Buxton, Humphrey Brown, Ralph Coppinger, and others, of the third part ; all the woods and
trees in Home Coppice, and all other property in Ludgershall, Grendon, and elsewhere in Bucks,
purchased of Richard Moore, (afterwards knight) Master in Chancery, by Geo. Garth, Esq. were
conveyed to the Warden and Company of Mercers and their successors, by whom or their lessees
this estate was held, until about 1829, when, by exchange," it became vested in Richard Nugent-
Grenville-Chandos-Temple, Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, K. G. the present possessor. This
estate consists of two farms, containing 138 ac. 3 r. 18 p., but in a Terrier, dated 1631, described
as about 7 ac. 3 r, 5 perches less.^ In 1809, a farm-house and other buildings were erected, at the
expense of more than 800/. on the lands of the Mercers' Company here.''
TETCHWICK.
Tochingewicke, Testwick, is supposed to have been so called from a spring ; but the origin of the
name is not satisfactorily explained.^
The Hamlet is situated n.e. of the Church of Ludgershall.
1 See Creslow. "- Monast. Anglic, vol. iv. p. 358. ^ gge Lee and Doddershall.
♦ Brill, p. 99. 5 Rot. Pat. 33 Eliz. Test. 4 Mar. « See Bierton.
7 Report of Commissioners on the Endowed Charities, p. 35. ^ lb. p. 40.
9 Tetchwick (anciently Touching-wyke) and commonly pronounced Touchick or Touchwick, by the inhabitants of
VOJL. I, 2 S
314 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
THE MANOR,
at the Conquest, is particularised as belonging to William Peverell ;' but in the hands of Pagan,
taxed at two hides, sufficient for two ploughs, one in demesne, and two kept by three villeins ; one
servant, pasture for two teams, woods for fifty hogs : altogether valued at 30s. and the same in the
time of King Edward."
Before the forfeiture of the Peverells, in the reign of Henry H. this estate had been given to the
Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, in free alms, and paid no scutage f but when the accumulated
wealth of that order had excited jealousies, the Prior was called upon by Quo-Warranto to shew his
right to view of Frankpledge here, and the usual plea being offered, and the Charters of the King and
his progenitors exhibited, it was objected that many of the manors belonging to those Knights com-
prised only a small portion of the vill, and that the number of their tenants was insufficient to form a
jury.* It does not appear in what manner these proceedings terminated ; but probably the Hospi-
tallers retained their privileges, and the Advowson of the Church given to them, with the temporal
estate.
After the extinction of the tenure of the Peverells, a family deriving its name from this place,
possessed lands in Tetchwick and Ludgershall, with estates in North-Marston and Oving ; and
probably the inheritance descended to the family of Arcubus or D'Arches, of Eythorpe, and
came, at length, by the coheirs of John Lord Dynham, to the Arundells, and by the heir general of
Arundell to the Dormers.^
In 1336, John Launton, of Tochewyk, and Richard Fishere and Catherine his wife, passed a fine of
lands in Tetchwick ; and Thomas de Tochewyk and Eustace, son of John son of Robert de Toche-
wyke, also passed a fine of lands here ;'' and about three years preceding, Hugh de Heywood and
Dionis Umfrey, and William Tykeford, of Lathbury, capellane, passed fines and assured lands here to
Hugh and Dionis for life, with remainder to John, son of Dionis, and the heirs of his body. Another
fine was also passed between William de Broghton, of Ludgershall, and Ribald de Lutegareshale and
Maud his wife, GeofFery Penure and Agnes his wife, Laurence Sayet and Joane his wife (which Maud,
Agnes, and Joane seem to have been the coheiresses of Broughton) by which messuages and lands
here, and in Chackmore juxta Buckingham, were settled upon him ;' and about the same time, John
de Felmersham is said to have died, seised of a Grange in Ludgershall : but of this person no farther
account has been obtained."
In 1383, William Wakelyn and Egidia his wife passed a fine of lands in Wotton, Denham, Chalfont-
St. Peter's, and Ludgershall, to Thomas atte Lude and Isabel his wife f and in the next year another
fine was passed between John Corbrigg and William Wakelyn, of Eydon, and Egidia his wife, of
messuages and lands in Ludgershall and Wooton, the right of John Corbrigg.'''
the neighbourhood, may be conjectured to derive its name from the vicinity of a wyche or spring on which this hamlet is
bordering: so Tiching, or Titch, a/ias Touching-Ford, Tickford, (a little hamlet to Newport-Pagnell) similarly situated
in respect to a ford or passage through or over the river Ouse ; and as likewise occurs in divers other places in this
county : as West-IFic/^-ham.
» Claydon, p. 171.
= Terra Willi Pevrel. In Essedune Hund. M. Pagan ten. de Willo Tochingeuuiche, et d. ii. hid. Trii. e. ii. car. In
dnio e. i. et iii. uilli hiit. ii. car. Ibi. i. serui ptii. ii. car. Silua L pore. H. trii ual. xxx sol. Qndo recep. xx sol. T. R.E. ;
XXX. sol. Hoc UJ' tenuit Aluuin' teign. R.E. et uende. potuit. Lib. Cens. vol. i. f. 148.
3 See HoGsiiAw, p. 264. n. ■* Ibid. = See Wing, and Pedigree of Dormer. 6 Rot. Fin. 10 Ed. III.
7 Ibid. 7 Ed. III. » Esc. 21. Ed. III. n°. 99. Cal. vol. ii. p. 142. 9 Rot. Fin. 7. Rich, II. ^ Ibid. 8 Ric. II.
LUDGERSHALL with KINGSWOOD and TETCHWICK. 315
Willis states that Tetchwick, as well as Ludgershall, was included in the Honour of GifFard, and
held under the Manor of Brill ;^ but, after a long period, the principal estate having become vested
in the Dormers, was carried by Winefred, sole daughter of Ambrose Dormer, and heir of her brother,
Michael Dormer," to her husband Sir William Hawtrey, Knt. of Chequers ; and about 1612, at his
death, was divided among his daughters and co-heiresses, Mary, then widow of Francis Wolley, Esq.,
Bridget, wife of Henry Croke, Esq. Clerk of the Pipe,^ and Anne, first the wife of John Saunders,
Esq. of Amersham,* and secondly of William Hawtrey, Esq. The share of Bridget Croke was sold,
about 1615, to Robert Jenkinson, Citizen of London and Merchant Taylor, and of Walcot, co. Oxon,
and descended according to the subjoined pedigree.
PEDIGREE OF JENKINSON.
Arms . Az. a fess wavy Arg. charged with a cross patee Gu in Ch. two estoils Or. Crest, a sea-horse assurgent Or. maned Az.
suppoiling a cross patee Gu.
Robert Jenkinson, Esq.=j=
Sir Robert Jenkinson, Knt.=pANNE Mary, eld. dau. of Sir
1618 (16 Jac. 1.) of Walcot, co. I Rob. Lee, Knt. of Billesley, co.
Oxon. : ob. 1645, bur. at Charl- Warwick : ob Nov. 1668, bur.
bury, CO. Oxon. | at Charlbury.
Sir Rob. Jenkinson, Bart. cr.=
18 May, 1661 (13 Car. 2) M.P.
for Oxon, 1 Car. 2. Ob. 30
Mar. 1677.
Mary, dau. of Sir John Banks, Rich. Jenkinson, merchant, Anna-Maria, mar. to
Kt. Ld. Ch. Just, of Com. PI. ob. 20 Sep. 1688. Tho.ChiId,Esq.of North-
of Kingston-Hall, co. Dorset, wick,co. Worcester.
Sir Rob.
Jenkins
™, 2d Bt
. M. P.=f
for Oxon
: soldTetchwick i
11703:
ob. 30 Ja
n. 1709,
bur. at
Charl-
bury.
:Sarah, dau. of Thomas Frances, mar. to
Tomlins, Esq. of Brom- The. Wheate, Esq.
ley, CO. Middlesex, sole of Glyrapton, co.
heir of her brother Tho- Oxon.
Sir Rob. Jenkinson, 3d Bart,
grandfatherof the Earl of Liverpool.
Sir Robert Jenkinson, Bart, grandson of the purchaser, conveyed his estate here in March, 1703,
to Edward Mitchell, yeoman, of Steeple-Barton, co. Oxon ; by whom, in 1735, it was devised to his
son, John Mitchell, who, dying intestate as to his real estate, in 1743 it came to his brother, Stafford
Mitchell, who devised this estate to his son Edward Mitchell, by whom it was devised to his uncle,
Walter Mitchell, of RatclifF- Cross, London, who decreed the estate to be sold; and it was accordingly
conveyed, by certain trustees appointed for that purpose, to Joseph Letch, of the Middle Temple,
London, Gent, and by his devisees, about 1788, to John HoUier, Gent, of Thame, co. Oxon, by whom,
in 1799, it was assigned to Mr. Thomas Bett, yeoman, who died seised in 1819, when the estate
passed, by bequest, to his nephew, Mr. John Bett, who is the present possessor.
PEDIGREE or BETT, of TETCHWICK.
Edmund Bett,
=P Mary,
of , CO. Oxon. ; ob. 4 No
v. ob.25 Aug. 1789,
1775 ffit. 84, bur. at Ludgershall.
at. 90.
Edmind Bett,
MaryGoodcame,
Thomas Bett,
William Bett, Joanna,
Hannah,
of Ixhull; ob. 28=
pob. 27 Feb. 1822,
Ld. of the Manor of
of Aylesbury, ob.=dau. of Will.
ob. innupt. 11
Feb. 1809, a;t. 84.
a;t.88,bm-.atLud.
Tetchwick; ob. 17
s.p.bur.atAyles- Uff, of Ham-
July, 1814, at.
gershall.
Dec. 1819. jet.81, bur.
bury. Green, co.
74 ; bur. at
at Ludgershall.
Bucks.
Ludgershall.
Maria Shirley, Walker Bett, Mary, ob. 17 May.
Shenley, co. ob.23 Oct. 1778, a;t. 1 1815.a!t.54, bur. at
year 7 mo. Ludgershall.
Thomas Bett, John Bett, Edward Shirley William Bett, Laurence Shirley Edmund Bett, Avgustine Shirley Anne, ob.
im 12 Feb. 1802. b. 21 Jan. 1804. Bett, b. 11 Nov. b.7 Dec. 1810. Bett. b. 14 June, b. 23 April, 1815. Bett, b. 1 Aug. ob. 1 March,
ob. 19 Nov. 1809. ob. 17 Sept. 1819. 28 Oct. 1821. 1806. inf.
1 Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. - Ellesborough, and Pedigrees of Dormer and Hawtrey.
3 See Pedigree of Croke, p. 132. * According to Croke's Genealogical History, he was also of Dinton.
316 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
SHARPS HILL FARM,
on the north-east verge of this parish, is remarkable for a fine view from the summit of a hill (looking
westward) on the road from Aylesbury to Bicester. The family of Holt, to whom it belongs, are
presumed to have migrated from Oxfordshire, and to have derived their estate here from Katherine,
daughter and sole heir of John Dormer, of OIney,' a younger son of Peter Dormer, Esq. of Lee-
Grange, by Agnes his first wife, daughter of Thomas Cowper, of Quainton. It maybe conjectured that
this was part of the lands of the Hungerfords, or of Thame-Abbey, included in a grant to the
Dormers. William Holt, of Stoke-Lyne, was the son of Robert Holt, by Elizabeth, daughter and
co-heiress of John Lyne, chief lord of Stoke-Lyne, co. Oxon. and died 7 Jan. 1552.-
Other possessors of lands in Ludgershall, in the reign of William and INLiry, were Christopher and
John Irons,' and the share of John Irons was, before 1697, conveyed to John Carter Pollard, Esq.* and
subsequently passingto General Hall, were at length purchased by Richard-Nugent-Grenville-Chandos-
Temple, Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, K. G. the present possessor.
This estate comprises the site of a moated house, formerly in, or on the verge of, Bernwode-Forest,
near the old track-ways, to which the Knight's Hospitallers afforded protection.
THE ADVOWSON AND RECTORY.
The patronage of the Church had been given to the Knights Hospitallers, in or before the reign of
Henry III. and in 1291 the Rectory was valued at 61. 13s. 4d. per ami. deducting a portion of tithes
settled upon the Priory of Bermondsey by Geoffrey de Traylly f which, after the suppression, was
granted, in 15.52, to Thomas Reve and George Calton, Gent, and described as tithes of grain and
hay, and other tenths.''
In the ecclesiastical valuation of Hen. VIII. the Rectory was charged at 17Z. 6s. Sd. First Fruits;
yearly Tenths, 11. 45. 8f/. ; Archidiaconals, 10s. 7^d. ; Pension to the Prior of St. John of Jerusalem,
6s. 8d. ;' Procurations to the Bishop of Lincoln, 3s. id.
After the Dissolution of Monasteries, Queen Mary granted the Advowson to John Petty, of Tets-
worth, CO. Oxon. and William Winlow or Winlove, of London, their heirs and assigns, in free soccage,
as of the manor of East Greenwich.'* The patronage was enjoyed by Sir John Williams, Knt. Lord
Williams of Thame, in 1557 ; afterwards by the family of Read ; then by Richard GrenvillCj Esq. of
Wotton ; and, at length, being transferred to the fimiily of Borlace, has ever since accompanied the
possession of the manor.
In 1720 (7 Geo. I.) in a suit in the Exchequer, instituted by Thomas Mason, Rector, against Thomas
Holton, tenant in possession of Tetchwick-Cioses, Town-Mead, and other lands, to recover great and
^ Pkdiguee of Dormer.
^ His arras are described in ao Oxfordshire Visitation in Harl. MS. 4170, Az, on a bend engrailed Or 3 fleurs de lis Gu.
Quarterly, 1. Three elephants. 2. a chev. between 3 castles. 3. a bend vaire, 4. Three water bougets. 5. Erm. a fess
dancette. 6. Two chevrons, with a label of three points : impaling Dormer.
3 Chphr. Irons, and Mary, daughter of William Mayne by Susan Dodsworth his wife, were married at Hogston, 30 July,
1661. Hogston Regist.
■' Leckiiampstead ; and Willis's Buckingham, p. 212, 213.
5 A. D. 1 190, 2 Ric. I. Galfridus de Trayle dedit duas partes decimarum de Ludgreshall monachis de Bermondesey.
Monast. Anglic, vol. v. p. 97 ; 2 Chronic, de Bermondsey, MS. in Bibl. Denvesian. MSS. Harleian, 231.
e Rot. Pat. 6 Ed. VI. Test. 2 Jun. T Ecton's and Bacon's Thesaur. » Rot. Pat. 1° Mariee, Test. 13 Jun.
LUDGERSHALL with KINGSWOOD and TETCHWICK. 317
small tithes, Easter-ofFerings, and oblations, tithes of milk, cows, calves, lambs, wool, agistments,
herbage, pigs, geese, hens, turkeys, apples, hemp, flax, &c. or customary payments in lieu : the
defendant stated that Sir Robert Jenkinson, Bart. Christopher Irons, and John Irons, formerly tenants
of these lands, at about 300/. j^e/- ami. had immemorially paid 5/. per ann. for all tithes ; but, on a
partition of Tetchwick-Grounds, Sir Robert Jenkinson agreed to pay H. 18s. 4f/. Christopher Irons
the like sum, and John Irons 1/. 3s. M. respectively, which payments were accepted : that John
Irons conveyed his share to John Deacle, who likewise paid ; but, in 1G97, the plaintiff insisting on
tithes in kind, Deacle (9 AVill. III.) exhibited his bill : — that Holton, the defendant, becomino- tenant
in his place, about 1705, paid the same modus. The cause was heard 13 July, 1723, and an indenture
produced, dated 2 Feb. 25 Eliz. from William Knight, R,ector, to the Queen, for 99 years, and the
assignment of that lease to Christopher Freeman, dated 4 June, 25 Eliz. and the defendant was
ordered to account to the Rector for all tithes respecting which complaint was made.^
In 1726, in another dispute, the right of the rector was denied, excepting tithes of corn, which,
with his glebe, amounted to 1^01. per ami. the defendants insisting on a customary payment of 6s. 8d.
for every yard-land in lieu of small tithes, and stated that the Rector held " Parson's Pieces" in
lieu of tithe hay : whereupon they were ordered to account for small tithes which had been withheld
from 1723 ; and a trial was directed to ascertain the possession of the meadow held in lieu of tithe hay,
(excepting " Bury-Lands," previously exonerated) before a special jury, whose verdict was for the
defendants."
In 1777, an allotment of 329 ac. 1 r. 41 p. was made to the Rector in lieu of his glebe, commons,
" tithe pieces," and all payments (excepting Easter-dues, offerings, and surplice-fees), and the Lord of
the Manor relinquished to the incumbent 17 acres of land to exonerate his old inclosures from tithes in
future ; the Rector having power to lease for 21 years, on a reserved quarterly rent.^
In 1553, King Edw. VI. granted half an acre of land here, called Rood-Land (left to maintain a
light in the church) to Sir Edmund Bray, Knt. John Thornton, and John Danby, and the heirs and
assigns of Thornton and Danby for ever.*
In a Terrier, dated in 1637, signed by Richard Edmondes, then Rector, and attested bi/ the marks
of Richard Spiers and John Miller, churchwardens,^ from a survey in 1607, " by the perambulation
and estimate of the minister, churchwardens, sidesmen, and others, appointed by Will. Folkingham,
General-Surveyor of Church-Glebes and Possessions, within the Diocese of Lincoln, under a commission
from William, Bishop of Lincoln ;" the Rectory included " the Homestall or Scite of the Parsonage
lyinge at the Bellfrey, and a cart way going between, containing with a garden one acre. The House
and other buildings of four bayes, the walls rujf cast and covered, some with tyle, and the rest with
thatche ; a close upoh the backside of the parsonage, by estimation three acres, two peeces of meadowe
upon Tetchwick side, and 20 yards of meadow in Ludgarshall. In the middle field 26 I'idges and
2 leyes.'"'
This Rectory, at the commencement of the last century, was estimated at 2001. per ami. In 1784,
it comprised 325 a. 2 r. 5 p. by allotment; with the tithes of 677 ac. 2r. lip. amounting to
323/. 4s. MJ since which the land-tax has been redeemed by the sale of 31 ac. and 24 p. and the
parsonage-house has been neatly and commodiously rebuilt by the later incumbents.
I From the Original Proceedings, MS. 2 Decrees in Tithe Causes, vol. ii. p. 272. ' Stat, of Geo. III. c. 43.
* Rot. Pat. 6 Ed. VI. Test. 1 Sept.
* It is quite clear that at the period mentioned, many of even the most opulent inhabitants of the country could not
write; affording an instructive and striking lesson to rulers, and those who happily now participate in the advantages of
a more enlightened and general education.
6 From the Original, in the possession of the Rev. Tho. Martyn, rector. ^ Printed Particulars, 7 Apl. 1784.
318
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Wakine de Dive, presented in 1-241, by the Prior of
St. John of Jerusalem.
William de Mayne, is mentioned as Parson of the
Church of Ludgarshall in 1-287 and 1-288; being then
charged with steaUng corn belonging to the Prior of
Bermondsey. " Willus de Mayne, psona ecclie de Lut-
gershale, p. jur. est culpabilis p. captione et asportatione
bladi Prioris de Bermondsey in moncelUs adunatis p. ii.
ann. ad dampn. iiij marc'
Ralph de Hokton, resigned in 1314.
Richard de Wooton, presented '21 June, 1314, by Will,
de Tothall, Prior of St. John of Jerusalem. He resign-
ed in 1318; and was succeeded by
Thurstan de Hanslap, pr. 18Dec. 1318; and was Rec-
tor in 1329.
Richard de Litchefield, pr. 5 June, 1336.
John de Linchlade, had a dispensation in 1344, dated
at Nomianby, to hold this living ; which he exchanged
for the Collegiate Church of St. Martin, in London,
with John de Lincelade. Having entered into the
Church of Ludgershall, under the pretence of Papal
authority, a warrant was issued to take and bring him
before the King's Justices at Westminster, to answer
to the premises."
Walter de Merstham, 31 May, 1357.^ He exchanged
for Ewell Rectory, in Surrey, with
Hiu/h de Marlburgh, 29 Oct. 1364; who exchanged
for Silverton Rectory, in Devonshire, with
John, de Wythermcick, 27 Feb. 1367 : who exchanged
for Fillingham Rectory, co. Lincoln, with
John de WycUijf, 12 Nov. 1368, on the i)resentation
of John Pawley, Prior of the Hospital of St. John of
Jerusalem in England; and continued Rector until
1390, or later.
Simon Hulks, pr. 28 Aug. 1418.
John Gerveys, resigned, 1433.
John Ahherhurxj, alias Worton, pr. 6 Nov. 1433; died
in 1438, and was succeeded by
Richard Catnjk, 8 March, 14.38: who died 1466.
7?(i//(r; PaA-seZ«w, presented 4 Dec. 1466. At his death
William Tonye, presented 28 Nov. 1498.
John Tciyvmouth, Bishop of Argol, resigned; and
was succeeded by
John Mabilston, 30 May, 1511 : who occurs in 1534;
but resigned, and was succeeded by
William Crofie, presented 2 May, 1543, by William
Mabilston and Francis Verney,-* by grant from the late
Prior and Convent of St. John of Jerusalem suppressed.
He died, and was succeeded by
John Pollard, presented 16 Dec. 1557, by John Lord
Williams of Thame ; and also by
Richard Ivy, pr. 10 Feb. 1557, by Thomas Read,
Esq. on the death of Crofte.^
Ralph Pichover, pr. 8 Dec. 1573, by Thos. Read, Esq.
John Barker, 1573 or 1574. He was deprived.
William Knight, Curate here in 1569 and 1573, pre-
sented -20 Nov. 1576, by Thomas Read, Esq. occurs
Rector in 1608 and 1610; when he resigned for the
Rectory of Somerton, co. Oxon. being succeeded by
Richard Edmondes, 1610; who continued Rector,
until 10 May, 1659; when he died, and was succeeded
by
Nicholas Harward, who was presented 3 July, 1 662,
by Richard Grenville, Esq. He married Jane, daugh-
ter of Thomas Fountaine, Esq. and sister of William
Fountaine, Esq. of Brill, (under the Cromwell act) he
being also Perpetual-Curate there.° He died, and was
succeeded by
Thomas Mason, A. M. presented by Sir John Bor-
lace, Bart. 19 July, 1683. He was of Lincoln Coll.
Oxon. A.M. 27 April, 1675; and being accused of a
Simoniacal contract,
Richard Smith, was presented by the Crowai 9 May,
1685; but Mason kept possession, married, died Rec-
tor, and was buried here 1 Nov. 1729. Willis states
that "no entries were made in the Parish Register for
five years after Mr. Mason came."'
Joseph Cane, A. M. of Magdalen Hall, Oxon. 17
Nov. 1698, was instituted 24 Jan. 1729-30, on the pre-
sentation of Borlace Warren, Esq.
Charles Warren, A. M. presented by Borlace Warren,
Esq. and inducted 9 May, 1746-7. He was of Emanuel
Coll. Camb. A. B. 17-29: A.M. 1734.« He died, and
was succeeded by
James Warren, LL. B. who was inducted 10 June,
1748, on the presentation of John Borlace Warren, Esq.
1 Placit. 17 Ed. I. ro. xix. - Rot. Pat. 11 Ed. 111. pi. ra. 32 dors.
3 So says Willis ; but neither of these names occurs in Kempe's Historical Notices.
*OfSalden,co. Bucks. s Willis's MSS. 6 See Brill, p. 1 10.
7 From informatiou of Mr. Cane his successor, in a letter to Br. Willis, Esq. from the Rev. James Gibson, Minister
of Wotton. » FedisAiee, p. 309, 310.
LUDGERSHALL with KINGSWOOD and TETCHWICK.
319
He was of Eman. Coll. Camb. LL. B. 1738;' and at his
death was succeeded by
Tliomas Martyn, B.D. 16 Jan. 1774, on the presenta-
tion of John Borlase Warren, Esq. with the approbation
of his Guardians, Earl Ferrers and Mr. Chappell. He
was the eldest son of John Martyn, F. R. S. Professor of
Botany in Cambridge p received the rudiments of in-
struction at Chelsea, under the Rev. Mr. Rotherj', and
completed his education at Emanuel College, Cambridge.
He was presented to the Vicarage of Foxton, under a
sequestration in 1776, and to Little-Marlow ;^ biit in
1778 attended Edmund Hartopp, Esq. his pupil, to
Geneva, and remained abroad until 1780. After his re-
turn, he passed some time at Marlow, but chiefly pur-
sued his Botanical Studies at Cambridge and in London ;
was chosen F. R. S. and being nominated to the Dona-
tive of Edgeware in INIiddlesex, by William Lee-Antonie,
Esq. at the unsolicited suggestion (as is asserted) of
Sir WilUam Lee, Bart, of Flartwell, resigned this Rec-
tory in June, 1785. He was, for about three years, Se-
cretary to a Society, formed partly by his own exertions,
under the influence of Sir John Borlase Warren, Bart,
for the improvement of Naval Architecture. In 1804,
he resigned the Vicarage of Little-Marlow, and was pre-
sented to the Rectory of Pertenhall, co. Beds, which he
held with Edgeware until his death in 18-25. His abili-
ties and worth are displayed in an interesting memoir*
by a near relation. His monumental inscription at Per-
tenhall, represents him as "distinguished by many use-
ful publications, and having spent his latter years in that
village, in the exercise of benevolence to the poor, con-
descension, patience, and kindness to all, adorned the
Christian character and ripened for heaven."
He was the author of, 1. Plantse Cantabrigienses ;
or a Catalogue of the Plants which grow wild in the
County of Cambridge, disposed according to the System
of Linnaeus. 8vo. Loudon, 1763, dedicated to his
Father. 2. lierbationes Cantabrigienses ; or Directions
to the Places where they may be found ; with Lists of
the more rare Plants growing in many parts of England
and Wales, 1763, 8vo. 3. A short Account of the late
Donation of a Botanic-Garden to the University of Cam-
bridge, by the Rev. Dr. Walker, Vice-Master of Ti'inity
Coll.; ^^ith Rules and Orders for the Government of it.
Cam. 1763, 4to. 4. The English Connoisseur; contain-
ing Useful Information respecting Paintings and Sculp-
ture. 2 vols. 12mo. 1766. 5. A Sermon preached in
Great St. Mary's Ch. Cambridge, for the benefit of
Addenbroke's Hospital, on Thursday, 30 June, 1768.
Camb. 4to. 6. Some Account of the late John Martyn,
F.R.S. and his Writings. 12mo. 1770. 7. A Chronological
Series of Engravers, from the Invention of the Art to
the beginning of the present Century. Camb. 1770,
12mo. 8. Catalogus Horti Botanici Cantabrigiensis,
8vo. 1771; and Mantssia Plantarum Horti Botanici
Cantab. 8vo. 1772. 9. A Translation from the Italian
of Vol. I. of the Antiquities of Ilerculaneum; containing
the Pictures. 1773, 4to. In this he was assisted by
John Lettice, B. D. Fellow of Sydney-Sussex- Coll.
Camb. ; afterwards D. D. Rect. of Peasemarsh, Sussex.
10. Elements of Natural History. 8vo. 1775, dedicated
to Thos. Pennant, Esq. ; containing Mammalia, only.
Heads of a Course of Lectures in Natural History, read
at the Botanic Garden, Cambridge, 1782. 12mo. 11.
Letters on the Elements of Botany, translated from the
French of I. I. Rousseau; with twenty-four additional
Letters. Svo. 1785. 12. A Tour through Italy. 12mo.
1787, with an Appendix. 13. Sketch of a Tour through
Switzerland, 1787. Thirty-eight plates, illustrative of
Linnajus's System. Svo. 1778. 14. A Tour through
Italy, enlarged. 2d. Ed. Svo. 1791. 15. The Lan-
guage of Botany ; being a Dictionary of Terms in that
Science. 12mo. 1793 and 1796. 16. Flora Rustica,
London, 1792 and 1794, Svo. 4 vols, in numbers, with
144 coloured plates. 17. A Description of the Hseman-
thus multiflorus, or Blood- Flower, with a coloured plate.
Svo. 1795. 18. The Gardener's and Botanist's Dic-
tionary, by the late Philip Miller, F. R. S. 4 vols. Folio,
1807 : besides. Contributions to the Musseum Rus-
ticum ; Transactions of the Cambridge-Society for the
promotion of Philosophy ; Gentleman's Magazine, vol.
55 ; Nichols's History of Leicestershire, vol. 2. pt. 1 ;
Transactions of the Linnajan Society ; Coxe's Miscella-
neous Tracts ; Manning and Bray's History of Surrey,
vol. 3; British Critic, 1796j Analytical Review, vol 3,
9, and 14, under signature M. T. ; Nichols's Lite-
rary Anecdotes, vol. 8. He also left MS. Travels through
Switzerland and Italy, in 1778, 1779, and 1780, in 2
vols. 4to. ; and an Auto-biographical Account of himself,
drawn up in his 86th year (1821). 4to. There are
three engraved portraits of this eminent Botanist : — by
Farm, from a painting by Drummond, 1796; by Ven-
dramini, from another by Russell, R.A. 1799; and by
HaU, from the same.
1 Pedigree of Martyn, p. 310, 311. 2 Ibid. ^ See Little-Marlow.
* Memoirs of John Martyn, F. R. S. and Thomas Martyn, B. D. and F. R. S. Professors of Botany in Cambridge,
by the Rev. Geo. Cornelius Gorham, B. D. Lond. 1830.
320 ASHENDQN HUNDRED.
Claudius Martyn, A. M. presented ■2(5 June, 1785, by Thomas Martyn, inducted 14 Dec. 1821, on the pre-
his mother, Mary-Anne Martjii, widow.' He was of sentation of his father, the Rev. Claudius Martyn,
Sidney-Sussex-CoUege, Camb. A. B. 1772, A. M. 1775; A.M. is the present worthy Rector and Patron,^ to
and having ceded this hving in favour of his son, died whom the author of this account has been obhged by
30 Oct. and was buried 5 Nov. 1828, in the nave under much useful information and friendly urbanity.
Paddington Church, Middlesex.
THE CHURCH,
dedicated to the Assumption of the Holy Virgin (the feast being annually kept in August) is on
the south of the village, and consists of an embattled tower, about 42 feet high, and 1 1 feet square
within the walls, having buttresses ; a nave with two aisles, and a chancel with a tiled roof, higher
than the nave. The church, with the chancel 81^ feet long, the former 13 feet wide, and the latter
18. In the tower are five bells, cast out of three : the second, marked " R. R. 1658 ;" the third,
" Thomas Lester of London made me, 1745, Thomas White and Edmund Bett, churchwardens ;"
the fourth, "Thomas Shirley and ... Miller, ch. wardens, 16.58;" and the fifth, which is 3 ft. 2in.
in diameter, " 1662."
In a turret on the south side, are spiral stairs to the roof. A little bell was formerly suspended in
an open arch on the eastern gable, between the nave and the chancel. The principal entrance is
through a porch into the south aisle, and its upper story forms an apartment, with a little window
above the door, probably intended originally as a dormitory for the priest in attendance on the lights,
for which there were provisions here. Spiral stairs of approach to it from the aisle are secured by
a door strongly latticed with iron.^ The windows of the nave are square-headed, with mullions and
tracery ; those of the chancel have low bracket arches ; but one at the east end, long closed,^ has
been recently restored to its original form, and consists of three cinquefoil-headed lights, in which
are remaining many fragments of beautifully-coloured glass, with portions of figures, scrolls,
and legends, and an imperfect coat of arms, Cheque, Or, and Az. on a bend three saltires. A
portrait here has been formerly conjectured that of King Lud seated on his throne ; and in two of
the windows were formerly these arms. Sab. a cross patee Arg. ; and another coat, witli 1 Erm. on
a chief Az. five bezants. 2. Arg. three camels passant, Sab. 3. Or, on a Chev. Gu. a cross Arg.
Under the north window of the chancel, Gu. a chevron, cheque Or and Az. surtout a bend Erm.
In the south window, the arms of Judge Baldwin.^ The corbels of the roof are sculptured with angels
bearing shields. Above the east window is a niche for a statue, and another in the wall of tlie south
aisle. Between the nave and aisles, are, on each side, three pointed arches, supported by octagon pillars,
with rudely carved capitals and fillets, charged with grotesque busts, having hideously distorted features,
their arms linked together at the elbows, and hands folded on their breasts. At the entrance of
the chancel is a pointed arch, springing from three-quarter columns. Part of an old pierced and carved
screen remains. The paintings of Moses and Aaron, and the royal arms, have been taken away ; and
the manorial pews of the Lords of Ludgershall and Tetchwick are no longer permitted a feudal pre-
eminence above the rest of the seats. In the north aisle, chiefly used by the inhabitants of Kingswood,
another elevated pew has also been reduced ; and an ancient sepulchral slab, long deprived of its brasses,
has been removed to the north door. Tiiis was probably a memorial of the family of Westcote. Thomas
Westcote and Elizabeth his wife, and others of the same name, were buried here ; and their arms were
' rri)i(;iir,E of Martyn, p. 310, 311. "- Ibid.
3 British Monachism, p. 105, and Fosbroke's Encycloped. of Autiq. vol. i. p. 108.
* Represented in the initial letter L, in page 305. ^ See Aylesbury.
LUDGERSHALL with KINGSWOOD and TETCHWICK.
321
formerly in a chapel on the south side of this church, Arg. within a border engrailed Gu. a bend
S. bezante, impaling two coats per fess : 1. Arg. a Chev. between three escalops S. 2. Gu. a fess
between four hands Or.
Another coat of these arms, differenced by an annulet, and over it Christopher Westcote, (whose
name was inscribed under all the windows, as having repaired them) and with the date 1536.
Also, Westcote's arms, with an annulet impaling 2 coats per fess : 1 Az. between 3 lions pass. gard.
Or, on a chev. Arg. three crosses moline S. 2 Arg. between three lozenges, a chevron and ....
" et Margareta uxor ej." This last was a bearing of English.
An account of this church, with the transcripts of the monumental inscriptions remaining in the time
of Browne Willis, was inserted by him on the margin of his copy of Weever's Funeral Monuments,
which has hitherto eluded the enquiries of the writer.
The Font, which is ancient columnar and rudely sculptured, has been removed from the east to the
west side of the arch, between the nave and south aisle.
The Pulpit, having pannels and arches of the time of King James I. has been removed from the
north side to the north-east angle of the nave, and the sounding-board taken away.
In the pavement were many small square figured
tiles; and on the south side of the chancel, within
the rails, a low tomb with brass plates and effigies
of three females, and many children ; from the
principal of which the annexed figure has been
reduced :
And these arms from another loose plate :
Arg^. between three lions ramp, on a chev. 3 lozenges.
On another brass :
Here lyeth the body of Anne Englishe, the wife of
Mihil Englishe, who was Sheriff of London, An°. 1523;
which Anne deceased the 29"' daye of May, Anno 1 565,
beinge of the age of 95 yeares.
Also, heare lyeth the Body of Anne Englishe, wife
of John Gyfford, Esq. who deceased y= ... daye of
An° , being of the age of ... yeares.
Her Davghter Ane Neele, dyed at 4 yeares of age.
These brasses, in 1827, were loose and detached,
and the slab and effigies have been since laid in
the pavement.
Willis mentions a coat of arms on a board, over
the monument, remaining in his time.
Collins' states, that William, eldest son of
Thomas Annesley, of Rodington, Notts, married
Peerage, vol. ii. p. 326.
2t
322 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Mabel, dau. of ... . Englislie, and was ancestor unto such poor old men, and the Gowns unto such poor
of the Earls of Anolesev- °^'^ women parishioners, resident in this parish, as the
„ , ,1-1 p,i 1 1 • 1 • li. Church-wardens and Overseers shall think the most pro-
On the north side oi the chancel, is a plain altar , • , i- ^i •, „
, .,,..., ,, • -IT per objects 01 Charity,
tomb (formerly railed m) with a tablet inscribed : -, n ■, . , . ,
, ,, r TVT * -J r T 1 Tir <- At the west end ot the same aisle, is a lar^e
In ^Memory of Mary Ann, widow oi John Martyn, p^pit./o in •
M.D.> and late Professor of Botany in the University sarcophagus of Oxfordshire (Staveley) stone, with
of Cambridge, who died Dec' 17, 1786, aged 76. a pyramidal cover, supporting an urn. On the
Onamural tablet, removed from the south side ^^est side, nine compartments, each having an
of the chancel to the west end of the north aisle : oval tablet, two bearing the following inscriptions :
In memory of William Spiers^ who died Jan. 28'", To the memory of Wilham Spiers, who departed this
1784 a"ed 75. ^^^®' "^'^U" -^' 1*?1-1) aged 73 years.
Below, on a larger tablet : To the memory of Thomas, son of Edward and Mary
" WiLLiA.1 Spiers, late of this Parish, by deed, dated Spiers, who departed this life, Nov^ 2", 1817, aged 17
:3^ June, 1809, enrolled in the High Court of Chancery, J'''^'"^-
on the 29'" day of September, in the same year, granted On a mural tablet, affixed exteriorly to the
to his Brother Thomas Spiers, of Thame, Oxon, Gent, east end of the chancel :
and John Lamborn, of this Parish, Yeoman, and their ^^^^ ^j^jg^ ^^^1^ interred the body of Edmund Bett,
heirs, a perpetual yearly rent-charge of £8, issuing out ^jjo departed this hfe, Nov. 4'", 1775, aged 84: also,
of two closes in this Parish, called Brown's Yard; con- ^^^^^ j^^g ^^j^.^^ ^jj^^j 05 ^yg_ j^gg^ j^^ the 90'" year of
taining 10 ac. 2 r. 30 p. (and bounded as in the said deed j^gj. ^„^^
is particularised) in trust, to pay the same to the Church- ^ , i.i i.
^ , , ^' \ t ,. 1 ■ , ■ ^11 grave-stones near the spot, are many me-
wardens and Overseers 01 the poor tor the time being ; ■ , n , r. ■,
, , , . j.^ ^ ^1 f • .-1, I, f morials ot the same family,
who are to lay out ±5, part thereot, in the purchase 01 •'
Camblet Gowns; and on the Sunday next after the 26'" On a small grave-stone is the name of William
December in every year, to give and deliver the Coats Typpur, with the date 1630.
The Piegister commences with this note :
"A Boke for the baptised, maried, and buried, beginning at y" yere of our Lorde 1573, for the baptised and
y" buried; but for y'' married 1570, 1572:" and on the Cover, "A direction for succeeding ministers, plainly
shewing w' thev are to receive and howe, as was paid to mee, Nicholas Herward, Incumb'. 1659.'"-
"Imp':— Mr. Ipsesly out of Corne Tythes £20 0 0
The Inhabitants of Ludgar's-Hall 23 6 8
Mercer's Tenements in Kingswood 3 8 10
Lady Borlace's Tenements in Kingswood ... 2 1 6
Mr. Irons of Tetchwick 5 0 0
John Sharp 1 0 0
Bury Tythes 2 10 8
Besides a yard of Glebe of 59 ridges, with
the homestall, & two closes adjoining, be-
longing to y" Minister 20 0 0
It'" — Church yard, and all offerings 3 0 0
Total £80^"~8
Si quid novisti rectius istis
Candidas imperti : si non his utere niecum."
Amongst other entries, is that of the burial of Ehzabeth Englishe, 18 July, 1556.
In the church are " The Book of Homilies," and " Jewel's Defence of the Apology."
CHARITIES.
Besides the donation of William Spiers, the proportion of a benefaction of John Harte,^ in 1 664, for appren-
ticing poor boys of this Parish, was in 1786 estimated 2/. 9a-. iid. per aim. and vested in John Greenwood.
' In Goi-ham's IMemoirs, p. 69, it is remarked that, " it does not appear, Professor Martyn ever took the degree of
M. D. ; the title being assigned to him by mistake in vol. xlvi. of the Philosophical Transactions."
= Page318. ^ Pp. 40, 116, 126, 150, 219; also Oakley and Haddeniiam.
FLEET-MARSTON. 323
FLEET-MARSTON,
MERSTON, MERSHTON, MEERSTON,
is so called from its situation at the outlet or drain of marshy ground, which, lying between the hills of
Quainton and Pitchcott (this small village being at one extremity of a meer, moor, or marsh, as North-
Marston is at the other) seems very appropriately denominated ; but by culture the whole has been
converted into meadow and pasture, and the woods mentioned in the Norman Survey, as well as those
in the contiguous hamlet of Blackgrave, have long since disappeared.
The parish is bounded on the N. and w. by Waddesdon and its hamlets, e. by Quarendon, and s.
by Stone ; that portion being hilly, and its soil a black loam with gravel based on blue clay, the
latter prevalent in the lower grounds, towards the north.
A small brook from n. w. performing a natural irrigation of the meadows in dry seasons, and
carrying off superabundant humidity at other times, greatly contributes to the fertility of the district.
Here are only four farm houses and some mean cottages (amongst which might have been, until very
lately, included the parsonage) tenanted by poor families : the number of inhabitants about sixty.
In 1341, Richard Styward, John Baldewyn, John Cheyne, Alan Hobely, William de Holand, and
Richard Verney, certified that the ninths here ought not to be assessed at more than ten marks and a
half, the glebe and tithe worth four, and exempt from taxes : but the parish was rated at ten marks
and a half, and the ninths were sold at eleven marks.^ In 1598, the Provision Money for Queen
Elizabeth's Household amounted to 17/. 14s. 2d. and for Putlows (a separate farm) 31. 7s. Od."
In 1824, the poor-rates were 129/. 9s. Od. having decreased about one-tenth part within the then
last preceding two years, but afterwards greatly and progressively increased f and in 1831, the
population was returned at 41 ; and since, in 1835, this parish has been included in the Aylesbury
Union in regard to parochial expences and arrangements.*
THE MANOR,
before the Conquest, belonged to Turgot, a man of Earl Lewen, who might sell it. At the Domesday
Survey, Walter Vernon (from the similarity of the name, most probably one of the same ftimily
then possessing Pitchcott) held Fleet-Marston as three hides, for his manor : the land being sufficient
for six ploughs : one hide and one plough in the demesnes, and another might have been kept ; and
six villeins, with five bordars, had three ploughs, and could have employed another: here were one
servant, and pasture for two teams ; value 40^. when Vernon first held it, 100s. and as much in the
time of King Edward/
1 Inquis. Nonar. p. 338.
2 Rot. 2 Eliz. 3 Parochial Returns. * Report of Committee of House of Commons.
5 Terra Walterij Vernon. 00'. Ipse Walterius ten Merstone, p. in. hid', se defd'. Tra. e. vi. car. In dnio. e. una hida et
ibi e. I. car. et alia pot. fieri. Ibi vi. uilli cii. v. bord. lint. m. car. et iiii. pot. fieri. Ibi. i. seruus ptu. car. Val. xl. sol.
Qdo recep. C.sol. et tntd. T. R. E. Hoc 00'. tenuit Turgot, ho Leuuini comitis et uende. potuit. Lib.Cens. vol.i. i\ 151.
324 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Vernon was dispossessed in one of the early Norman reigns ; and the history of this place is
involved in obscurity ; it being only known as part of the Honour of Walingford */ and in the reign
of Henry H. included in four Knight's fees, held by Gilbert de Bella Aqua," which fees were
subsequently divided; and in the time of King John in the hands of John de Chesney and Milo Ner-
nuyt, or Neirnut, in equal portions, in right of their respective wives, the co-heiresses of Bella Aqua.'
About 1206, Alice de Bella Aqua conveyed to King John, by charter for one hundred marks of silver,
her wood in Marston : the King thereupon exempting her and her tenants from attendance at the
courts of Swainmote, and other services.^
This charter was made about the year 1206 f Peter de Rupibus not being advanced to the See of
Winchester until 1205,'' nor Walter de Gray appointed Chancellor •/ and Henry Marshall, Bishop of
Exeter, another of the witnesses, having died in 1206. Alice de Bella Aqua might have been then
married, for heiresses often retained their paternal names after marriage : however, in the same year,
Henry Fitz-Richard and Alice de Bella Aqua paid 50Z. for livery of her moiety of her father's lands,
and the constable of Walingford was commanded to give seisin thereof. In the next year, Alicia de
Bella Aqua passed a fine with Ralph Verney,*^ whose son John Verney, in 1210, held a moiety of the
lands of Bella Aqua, but whether in consequence of that fine, or from his relationship to John de
Chesney, is unknown. In 1222, Ralph Verney paid half a mark for license to acquire other lands
here, of Alice de Bella Aqua ; and in 1225, " Amabel, widow of Ralph Verney (supposed to have
been Amabel de Chesney) had license to hold the estate of her late husband in Pendley, co. Herts,
and Marston ;" and command was given to the constable of Walingford, as before.'^ The tenants of
the Verneys in Pendley were bound to supply provisions for the table of their Lord, at Fleet-Marston.'"
Early in the reign of Henry III. John de Verney paid one mark for half a Knight's fee of the Honour
of Walingford ;" and the like in the 19th and 20th of the same reign for scutage,'" and for his aid at
the peace." At the death of Edmund Earl of Cornwall, in 1300, Robert de Verney, one of the
tenants of his Honour of Walingford, paid lOOs.^^ These lands descended with Middle-Claydon,"
(near the northern extremity of the same track of marshes) to Sir Ralph Verney, Knt. in the reign
of Henry VIII. and Fleet-Marston was included in the settlement made upon Elizabeth Breton, third
wife of Sir Ralph, and devolving to his grandson Edmund Verney,^'' was by him conveyed, with
Pendley, to Sir Richard Anderson, Bart.^' Avhose alliances are shewn in the following table : —
■ See page 17.
= Lib. Nig. Scac. vol. i. p. 185. = Testa de Nevil, p. 116.
■* Spelman explains this to have been one of the peculiar privileges of the Forests, so called from the Saxon j^J^anj, or
swain, operarius, minister, &c.
^ Carta Alicia de Bella Aqua. Sciant prcesentes & futuri quod Alicia de Bella Aqua vcndidi Domino meo illustri Regi
Anglorum Johanni totum boscum meum de Merston in Com. Buck, pro C marcis Argenti quas michi dedit & ilium boscum
cum omnibus pertinentiis suis quietum clamavi ei & heredibus suis imperpetuum de me et heredibus meis & ipse concessit
quod ego & heredes mei & omnes homines nostri de Merston quieti sumus de secta Swanemoti et de omnibus aliis sectis
illius bosci proeterquam de secta magnorum placitorum Forestae coram Justiciariis forestoe itinerantibus. Et ut hsec mea
vendicio stabilis sit earn praesenti scripto & sigillo meo confirmavi. Hiis testibus P. Wintoniensi Episcopo : Domino W.
de Grai cancellario Dom. Reg. Henrico Exon. eiccto : Hugone Nevill : Rob. de Veteriponte & aliis. Lib. Nig. Scaccar.
vol. i. p. 373, 4.
6 Le Neve's Fasti, p. 285.
7 Beatson's Index, vol. i. p. 319: also Lives of the Ciiancellors. vol. i. p. 11.
B Rot. Fin. 6 Joh. Harleian MSS. n". 85. « Rot. Claus. 10 Hen. HI. MSS. Dodsworth.
'"Rot. Hand. vol. ii. p. 787. » Test, de Nevil. p. 253. i- Ibid. p. 257, 259. "ibid. p. 261.
" Esc. 28 Ed. I. n". 44, Cal. vol. 1. p. 158-9; Cardigan MSS. i5 Page 178. i^i Page 181.
" Clutterbuck's Herts, vol. i. p. 284.
FLEET-MARSTON.
325
PEDIGREE OF ANDERSON.
From Steele's MSS. ; Clutterbucks Hist, of Hertfordshire ; Parochial Registers, &c.
Arms : Arg. a Chevron between three croslets S. Crest, a Spaniel passant Or.
[Clutterbuck remarks that, although these are the Arms commonly borne by the Family : according to Byshe they should be,
Sab. 5. estoiles 2. 1. and 2 Arg. Vol. i. p. 255, n.]
Henry Anderson, Knt. Sheriff and Alderman of London, 1602;
13 April 1605, bur. at St. Olave's, Old-Jewry, London.
Knt. of Fleet-Marston and=
Pendley ; ob. 3 Aug. 1652,
bur. 10 Aug. at Tring,-co.
Herts.
jETii, dau. of Sir Will. Bowyer, Knt. Ld. Mayor of
3, in 1543 ; ob. 9 July, 1599, bur. at St. Olave's.
Mary, dau. of Robert Catherine, mar. to Sir .Tohn Dereham, Knt. of Norfolk.
:1st Baron Spencer of Elizabeth, mar. to Tho. Cowley, merchant, of London.
Wormleighton, mai'. 1 Frances, mar. to Rob. Nedham, Esq. of Sherington, Salop.
Jan. 1606, ob. 14 July Sarah, mar. to Sir Cha. Wilmot, Viscount Athlone.
1658, bur. at Tring. Mary, mar. to Sir John Spencer, Bart, of Offley, co. Herts.
Sir Henry
Anderson,
Bart. cr. 3 July
1643,ob.7July
1653, set. 45,
bur. at Tring.
[Rot. Pat. 19
Car.l.]
Caesar, Knt. of son, of
Bennington.Herts. Chiches-
JMast. of theRolls, ter, bap.
by Anne his first 2 iVov.
wife, dau. of Sir 1609, at
Peter Vanloor, Aldbury.
Knt. born 1615,
ob. 14 0ct. 1659,
bur. at Tring.
SON.b.
1626, bur.
29 Jan.
Elizabeth, dau. of
Sir Tho. Hewitt, Bt.=f
of Pishiobury Herts,
sist. and co-h. of
GeorgeVisc.Hewitt,
ob.25Dec. bur. 29
Dec. 1698, at. 67,
at Aldbury.
Ma
dau
■ the
DERSON.Kt. andBt.=pRt. Hon. John Me- Anne,
M.P. for Aylesbury, thuen, Ld. Chancel- ob. inf.
1685, will dated 20 lor oflreland ; sist. bur. at
July; died 16 Aug.
1699, Kt. 64, bur.
23 Aug. at Aldbury. 1699, at Aldbury :
2ndly to Brovvnlow
Sherrard, Esq. after-
wards Bart. viv.
1702.
Marv, bap. at Aldbury, 21 Feb. 1610. ob. 21 May, 163..
Frances 20 May 1612. mar. to Thos. Warren.
Margaret, 16 Jan. 1613.
Margaret 10 Mar. 1615.
Katherine, 28 Oct. 1616.
Dorothy, 18 Oct. 1618, ob. 1619.
Penelope, 20 June 1619.
Elizabeth 13 Nov. 1621, mar.to Robt.Peyton.Esq.
Brxdoet, 25 Mar. 1623, mar. to Sir Jos. Seymour,
Knt. 4th son of Sir Edw. Seymour.
Anne, mar. to Tho. Seymour, Esq. 3rd son
of Sir Edward, and brother of Sir
Joseph Seymour, Knt.
[Clutterbuck s Herts, vol. i.p. 285.]
Henry Anderson, ob. ccel. Richard Anderson, o
bur.l9Mayl677, at Aldbury. 1695, bur. at Aldbury.
[Clutterbuck.]
Elizabeth, dau. of Richard Spen- Elizabeth, only dau. and heiress,
-cer, Esq. of Derbyshire, mar. 2dly mar. to Simon Harcourt, Esq. ^las-
to Simon Viscount Harcourt, Ld. ter of the Crown Office, &:c.
Chancellor of England. [SeePEDiOREE of Harcourt.]
[Pedigree of Harcourt.]
Sir Richard Anderson made an assignment to Mary his second wife, in bar of dower, and by will,
20 July, 1699, devised this manor (inter al.) to her for life, remainder to his own right heirs ; and
dying without issue by her, at her death, her interest in his estates, at her second marriage to
Brownlow Sherrard, Esq. was conveyed to Simon Harcourt, Esq. husband of Elizabeth, sole daughter
of Sir Richard Anderson by his Jirst wife : but his will being disputed, on a reference to Methuen,
Lord Chancellor of Ireland (father of Dame INIary Sherrard) an award was made, a bill filed in the
Court of Chancery, a decree pronounced, and an appeal to the House of Lords affirmed, 14 Dec.
1702 ; and fines being levied, Simon Harcourt possessed the estate (which included Putlow's Hill-field)
subject to the provisions of Sir Richard Anderson's will. Further proceedings took place, and about
1729,^ the representatives of Sir Ric. Anderson sold this estate to the trustees appointed by the will
of John Duke of Marlborough, K. G. and a portion of Fleet-Marston descended with Waddesdon and
Winchendon manors," to his Grace's successors, until the death of George Duke of Marlborough, K.G.
in 1822 ; after which, under a decree in Chancery, in which Cropley-Ashley, Earl of Shaftesbury,
Act of Parliament 9 Geo. I. with Remarks, Appendix, and Supplement, 1728, by a Barrister.
■ See Waddesdon and Winchendon, and Pedigrees of Spencer and Churchill.
326
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Mas plaintiff, and his Grace George Spencer-Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, respondent, it was sold
to AVilliam Williams, Esq. of Wandsworth, co. Surrey ; who thus acquired about six hundred acres of
land here.
The other moiety of the estate of Geoffrey de Bella Aqua passed, by the marriage of his second
daughter Maud, to the family of Neyrnut, and her son and heir Milo Neyrnut, paid 50/. for livery of
his inheritance.' ]Milo was one of the Collectors of the Aid demanded by Henry HI. and paid one
mark for half a knight's fee, and I65. for his proportion of another; and the like in the 19th and
20th of the same reign, as his scutage." In 1299, John de Neyrnut held his lands here under the
Honour of AValingford, belonging to Edmund Earl of Cornwall ;' and in 1320, they were settled on
Sir John Neyrnut for life, with remainder to his sons John, William, Thomas, and Edmund, and their
respective heirs in tail ;* but in default of issue passed by the marriage of INIargaret, daughter and
heiress of Sir John Neyrnut, to John Hervey, Esq. of Thurnley, co. Beds, whose second son, Thomas
Hervey, on the death of Sir Nicholas, his elder brother, succeeded to the estate ; and his great
grandson, Sir George Hervey, Knt. by will in 1520, ordering his interment at Thurnley, or in Elnstow
Monastery, if he should die there, directed a marble of four marks price to be laid over the remains
of his ancestors, John Hervey and Margaret Neyrnut, making provision for masses, &c. and settled his
estate here on Margaret Smart (qu. whether his daughter ?) for life, with remainder to Gerard
Hervey his son, and the heirs male of his body, and in default to his nephew John Hervey, Esq. of
Highworth, co. Wilts, constituting Sir William Parre, Knt. John Hervey, and John Lee, Esqrs.
executors, and Sir Henry Grey, Sir Edmund Bray, and Sir William Paston, Knights, supervisors of
his will,^
PEDIGREE OF BELLA-AQUA, on BEAULIEU, NEYRNUT, and HERVEY.
From Harleiiin MSS. ; Cough's Sepulchral Monuments ; the Peerages, &c.
Arms ; Sable a lion ramp, between eight Billets Arg. Neyrnuit ; but according to Edmondson, Nernieut or Nernewte, Gu. a Lion ramp. Arg.
within a border gobonated Arg. and Sab.
GEorrnv, (descended from Gilbert de Bella-Aqua temp. Hen. 2.)=
HevryFitz-Ricim
)-f;)u(«ifirsthusband.^ALiCh, dau. and co-h.=JoHN de Chesnei,
qu. -John de Veunev
Maude, dau. and co-h.:
= Co-her.
Pet. de Buus. [Marshal's Roll in
Grimaldi's Orig. Genealog. p. 61.]
G£0^1-n^Y DE NEYnNWVT,=j=
1244. [Esc. temp. Hen. 3.
C'al. vol. i. p. 43.]
attended K. Hen. to Palestine,
descended from Harvey D. of
Orleans.
John Nevrnut, eld. son.:
iEt. 20 at his father's death,
1274.
Walter Neyrnut,
Red. of Fleet-Mars-
ton, 1245.
OsuEiir DE Hervey, or Fitz-
Hervey,one of the King's Jus-
tices at Norwich, 3. Ric. 1.
ob. circ. 7 Joh. 1205.
Thomas Nernuytt, of Burnham.=j=Ai.icE,dau.of Tho. Buckland, Geoffrey Nerxuvtt, Reel.
[Jekyl's MSS. and CoUins's Peer- of Buckland, co. Devon. of Fleet-JIai-ston, 1304.
age, vol. iii. p. 139.] . |
Knt.of=pJoA,\E.
John Hervey, stated by Col- Ji
lins to have been father of=|=IIi
John, who married the heir-
ess of iNeyrnut, but qu ! |
jFit.-Hu,h.
Sin John Nerknuvtt, Knt. Nicholas Nevunutt, 1350,
dau. and hr. of John son and hr. 1327, 1341, 1349.
1, of Thurnley, co.Beds. |
Sir John Neirnuvit, 1361, 1373.==
[Rot. Fin. I.Ed. 3.] of Fleet-Marston, 1312
J
I Rot. Fin. 6 Joh. : also Lib. Rub Scac. 12 and 13 Joh.
I Page 20 : and Esc. 28 Edw. I. Cal. vol. i. [). 158.
5 Regist. Ayloffe, 9. 3. in the Prerogative Office; also Colli
= Test. de Nc
•*Rot. Fin. 14 Ed.
s's Peerage, vol. iii. p. 140.
FLEET-MARSTON. 327
a h c
John HiHVEV, Esq. of Thurn-=pMARcjRET, dau. and co-h. Elizabeth, dau. and co-h. mar. to
ley, CO. Beds. bur. at Elnstow | buried at Elnstow, co. Beds. Hartishorne : in lier widowhood in 1433 pre-
Monastery. sented to Fleet-iMarston Rectory.
son and hr. M. P.for Beds.l38C.=j=:\rAnGrnv, dau. ofSir Will. Calthorpe, Knt. mar. 2dly. to Sir
. 4. John Argentein, ob. 1426. [Pedigree of Argentein, p. 14.]
SiH Nicholas Hervev, Knt. killed at Thomas Hervey, Esq. of Thurnley,=f=JoANE,dau. ofSir Will.Preston, Just. K.B.Patron
Tewkesbury, 4 May, 1471, fighting for co. Beds, heir of Sir Nicholas. of Fleet-Marston Ch. 1458, ob. vidua between
Prince Edward. | 1470 and 1474.
, Esq. Joint Patron, of Fleet-]Mars-=pCnRisTiAN, dau. of John Chicheley, Chamberla
of London, nephew of Abp. Chicheley.
John HERvEy, Esq. eld. son, ob.23 Alice, dau. of Nic. Mor- John HEnvEY,=MARGARET, dau. and hr. Edward. Isauella, a nun at Elnstow.
Sept. 14 Edw. 4. [Inquis. post=pley, Esq. of Glynde, co. Sus- called "the of Will. Wykeham, relict of Richard. Anne.
mort. 15 Edw. 4.] I sex. Younger." AVill. Fiennes, Lord Say Christian.
and Sele. Alice.
Margery.
Sir'GeohoeHervev, Knt. Sheriff of Bucks, and Beds. 24 Hen. Thomas Hervey, Esq. Jane, dau. and hr. of Flohence.
7. and 8 Hen. 8. distinguished at the Siege of Terouen and Tour- of Ickworth, co. Suft'.=j=Henry Drury, Esq. of
nay and the Battle of Spurs; knighted 13 Oct. 8 Hen. 8 ; will jure uxoris 1517. I Hawstead and Ickworth;
dated 7 Apl. 1520, proved 8 May 1526. lArms: Gu. on a bend mar. 2dly. to Sir Will.
Arg. 3 trefoils slipped. Vert. Willis's Bucks, p. 14.] Carew, Knt.
John Hervey, Esq. Executor of William HtBvEY, Esq. of=T=JoANF., dau. of John Cocket,
the will of his Uncle Sir George. Ickworth, ob. 1 Aug. 1538, of Ampton, co. Suffolk,
bur. at Bury St. Edmunds. |
Earls and JMarquess of Bristol.
After the death of Sir George Hervey, his estate is said to have been sold to the family of Lee ;
and Sir Robert Lee, Knt. certainly acquired the patronage of the Church, which had before belonged
to the Herveys. The Lees had long possessed an estate here, for Benedict Lee, Esq. of Hulcot, by
will proved 2d Sept. 1476, bequeathed his " place at Marston to John Lee his son ;" and Roger Lee,
also of Fleet-Marston, their descendant, in the time of King Henry VKL married one of the seven
daughters of John Cheyne, Esq. of Drayton-Beauchamp, whose ancestors held lands here in the time
of Henry HL^
Sir Henry Lee, K. G. died in 1611, seised of this Manor and Advowson, held of the King as of the
Honour of Ewelme," by fealty and service : and of the Manor of Liitile Marston (of which last no
intelligible account has been preserved) unless it be admitted that the appellation of Little-Marston
was intended to be applied to Fleet-Marston (jenerally, in contradistinction to North-Marston.
At the Norman Survey, besides the principal estate before described, Azor, son of Tosti, Tostus, or
Tote, called Huscarle,^ to King Edward, having held lands here, which, at the Conquest, were
transferred to Odo Bishop of Baieux, the Conqueror's brother ;— Robert, the Bishop's subfeudatory,
held this land as one hide, and kept one plough, with pasture for his team, always valued at 20s.
per ann*
Robert, subfeudatory of Bishop Odo, was probably the same Robert de Romenel who held Ilmere,'
and whose lands descended to the Fitz-Bernards. Through whose hands they passed subsequently may
seem doubtful ; for it is not ascertained whether these were part of Little-Marston, and acquired
by the family of Lee, under a fine in 1503, between John Knight and others, and John Clayrell (qu.
Dayrell?) and Agnes his wife,'^ or were transferred to Medmenham-Abbey ; but, about 1620, when
1 Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. ; also Pedigrees of Lee and Cheyxe. "- Page 22.
^ Perhaps a Bailiff or Hind, from House and Ceorl, Churl and Husbandman. See Introduction to the Liber Censualis,
p. XV and xxix.
* Terra Epi Baiocensis. In Votesdone Hd. In Merston ten' Rob. 1 hid' de Epo. Tra. e 1, car. et ibi e. ptu. car. Ual. et
ualuit sip. XX sol. Hanc tra. tenuit un' homo Azor filiiToti et uende. pot. Lib. Censual, vol. i. f. 144.
5 Page 288. See also Dodsworth's MSS. vol. Ivi. in Bibl. Bodl. ex Rot. 11 Hen. III. « Rot. Fin. 19 Hen. VII.
328 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Henry Lee, cousin and heir to Sir Hen. Lee, K. G. succeeded to his estate here.' The families of
Chernocke, Fountaine, and Saunders held the greater part of the lands in Fleet-Marston, assessed at
500/. per ann." and at length all the estate of the Lees here and in Quarendon descended to Charles
Dillon-Lee, 12th Viscount Dillon, K. P.^ by whom this estate was conveyed to John Tirel-Morin, Esq.
of ^\'eedon-Lodgc, in Hardwick, and of Hanover Square, in the county of Middlesex, who, having
an only daughter, Jane-Elizabeth, married to Salusbury Pryce-Humphreys, Esq. Captain in the
Royal Navy, by will dated 5 Jan. 1805,' bequeathed (inter alia) all his estates in Hardwick and Fleet-
Marston, except his real estate at Weedon, to his son-in-law. Captain Humphreys, for life (in trust
to preserve contingent remainders limited by his will) and in remainder to his daughter Jane-Elizabeth,
wife of Salusbury Pryce-Humphreys, for life, remainder over to their issue ; and dying 19 March,
1807, and his daughter 30th Sept. 1808, she leaving an only child in early infancy ; an Act of Parliament
was passed in 1809,-' under which this " Manor, with a meadow called Goose-Eye, and an Ozier-Ayott,"
of about 12 acres, then in the tenure of James Grace, were conveyed by the trustees appointed by
the Act (or their successors) to the Rev. John White, then Rector of Hardwick, as a trustee, and by
him assigned to William Williams, Esq. of Wandsworth, co. Surrey, the present possessor.
Medmenham Ahhei/ lands, " in Flete-Marston and Blaggrove," are mentioned in a fine, in 1348,
between Hugh de Berewyk and Isabella his wife, and John Blouet and Elisabeth his wife, and granted,
as the right of Hugh, to that Convent,'"' under which this estate was held by the Verneys, as lessees ;
and an acquittance for 13s. rent was given by Henry, Abbat of Medmenham, under the Convent Seal,
in 1416 (4 Hen. V.) to John Verney the younger.'
The Convent held lands here until the Dissolution, the value being then estimated at SI. Os. 9^cL
per ann." The exact situation of these lands has not been satisfactorily traced, nor the manner in
which they afterwards passed ; but Chapel-Ground, a large pasture surrounding the church, was, in
1694, in the possession of Thomas Somner, of Cowley, in the parish of Cuddington (how acquired is
unknown) and descended to his son Henry Somner, Esq. a Justice of the Peace for Bucks, 1 Geo. H.^
who, in 1731, took the name of Sedley. The mansion inhabited by the Somners, near the church,
was taken down about 1772,'" and the site and land purchased by John Deverell, of Swanbourne,
whose son Matthew Deverell, In 1796, conveyed to Thomas Grace, of Putlowes ; of whom, in 1813,
the estate was purchased by Thomas Grace, of Princes-Risborough ; and in January, 1813, conveyed
by the assignees of the latter to William Rickford, Esq. Banker, of Aylesbury, and I\L P. for that
Borough, who is the present possessor."
Other lands here (formerly held by Sir Richard Empson, Kt. the unworthy favourite of King
Henry VH. and) supposed to have been either part of the possessions of Thame-Abbey, or included
in Little-Marston, were forfeited by his attainder ; and in 1510, granted by King Henry VHL to Sir
Thomas Parre, Knt. and Dame Maud his wife.'" Sir William, their son and successor, executor of
the will of Sir George Hervey, Knt. was distinguished by his sovereign's fiivour and alliance,
' Inquisition at Stony-Strtitford, 21 Maii 9, Jac. 1. "- Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon.
■■' See QuARENDox, and PEDiGunii of Lr.E, and Dillon-Lee.
■* Proved at London by Mary-Ann Tirel-Murin, his widow and executrix, and Salusbury Pryce-Humphreys, his
executor.
5 Stat. 49 Geo. IIL local and private, 165. 10 June, 1809, " For vesting Part of the devised Estates of John Tirel-
Morin, Esq." &c.
'' Monast. Anglic, vol. v. p. 684.
" Pedigree of Verney, p. 178; Willis's MSS. vol. xii. ex cartis antiquis penes Doni, Vise. Fermanagh.
» Val. Eccles. temp. Hen. VHI. and Langley's Desborough Hundred, p. 341.
9 Archives of the Gustos Rotulornm of Bucks, '" Parochial Returns in 1826, signed by the Curate.
n Pedig. of Rickford. i^ Rot. Pat. 2 Hen. VHL Test. 25 Nov^
FLEET-MARSTON. 329
advanced to the Peerage, and held many important offices in that and the next reign. His lands
here are supposed to have come to the Chernockes, by whom part of this estate was held in 1620,
which descending to Sir Robert Chernocke, Bart, was, by himself and others, with Robert Chernocke,
Gent, of Warwick, Henry Parslow, of Knowle-Hall, and Matthew Odam, of Knowle, conveyed in
1678 to Fulke, 5th Lord Brooke, of Beauchamp-Court,' and descending to George, 2d Earl Brooke,
and Earl of Warwick," was conveyed, in exchange for lands in Wales, to the Rev. John Henry
Williams, Rector of Fleet-Marston, and being subsequently purchased by John Saunders, Yeoman,^
this estate was devised to his son John Saunders, who, in 1830, conveyed the same to William
Williams, Esq. of Wandsworth, co. Surrey, and thus united to his other possessions here.
THE ADVOWSON AND RECTORY
were originally appendant to the Manor, and so passed from the coheirs of Bella Aqu4^ to the
successive possessors of the principal estate here, and the Herveys, Lees, and their descendants the
Earls of Litchfield, until after the conveyance of the Manor and Advowson by Charles 12th Viscount
Dillon, to John Tirel-Morin, Esq. of Weedon-Lodge ; and subsequent to his decease and the death of
his only daughter, Jane-Elizabeth, wife of Salusbury Pryce-Humphreys, Esq. in 1808, the Ecclesi-
astical Estate (being severed from the Manor) was passed under an Act of Parliament in 1809,
either by immediate or intermediate conveyance, from John Richardson, Esq. Barrister-at-Law, of
the Middle Temple, London, and WiUiam Mc. Innerheny, Esq. of James-Street, Adelphi, co.
Middlesex, (or succeeding trustees) and the Advowson and Patronage of the Living became
the property of Mr. Dobree, who bequeathed the same to his son, the Reverend John Gale-Dobree,
A. M. the present Patron and Incumbent ; who has accepted a composition in lieu of tithes.
In 1291, this Rectory was estimated at 4L 6s. 9d. per mm. deducting a pension of 21. 13s. 6d.
payable to the Rector of Chalgrave,^ (then in Lincoln diocese) a living afterwards appropriated to
Thame Abbey, to which, at an early period, either the family of Romenel or Fitz-Bernard had given
tithes here ; and continuing to belong to that Abbey, were valued at ll. 7s. 8d. per aim. in the time
of Henry VIII.'' were afterwards granted by the King to his College in Oxford, and being transferred
to the Dean and Canons of Christ Church, on the erection of the new See of Oxford,^ were resumed
by the Crown ; and, in 1542, conveyed to Sir Anthony Lee and John Croke, their heirs and assigns,
as " the tenths of grass, herbage and grain, &c. in Fleet-Marston, parcel of the Cathedral Church
of Oxford dissolved, to hold in free soccage, as of the Honour of Ewelme, at 2s, 8f/. per aim." and
so presumed to have been again aimexed to the temporal estate of the principal proprietors.
In 1671, Francis Lord Hawley, by Indenture (12 Sept. 23 Car. I.) conveyed to Sir Ralph Verney,
Knt. and Bart, of Ciaydon, a reserved rent or tenth of 6s. per ann. issuant out of lands in Fleet-
Marston and Blackgrave, payable to Sir Henry Lee. The Living w-as charged, in the valuation of
Henry VIII. at 8^. 2s. S^d. first-fruits : yearly tenths, 16s. 3^^. Archidiaconals, 10s. I^d. certified of
the annual value of 57^. 2s. 9d. subject to the pension of 1/. 6s. Sd. to Thame Abbey .^
1 Pedigree of Chernocke, p. 133. - Page 268 ; and Pedigree of Greville.
3 From Information obtained at Fleet-Marston.
*Page 326 : and Rot. Fin. 30 Hen. III. lig. 2°. 107 ; also Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon.
^ Taxat. Eccles. P. Nic. p. x. co. Oxon.
6 Val. Eccles. Hen. VIII. vol. ii. p. 213 ; Monast.Anglic, vol. v. p. 405. 7 Rot. Pat. 34 Hen. VIII. Test. 15 Sept.
8 Ibid. 37 Hen. Vlil. Test. 6 Mar. 9 Ecton's Thesaurus.
VOL. I. 2 U
330
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
A paper survey of the Rectory is in the Augmentation Office : and in a Terrier, signed by George
Harrison, Minister, in 1675, it is described as comprising a dwelhng-house of three bays and a half,
an out-house of two little bays, and half an acre of ground;' but the Parsonage very inadequate for
the abode of the Minister : and so it seems to have continued until the present time, the Incum-
bents having been immemorially non-resident, but Divine Service celebrated regularly every Sunday
by a Curate, residing at the neighbouring town of Aylesbury.
Jofiy dePilkerton, presented in 12!2:3, by the Bishop
of Lincoln.
Walter Neijrnut, pr. 1245, by Geoffrey de Neyrnut,
with the consent of Ralph ^"erney."
John, died Rector; and was succeeded by
Fidco Neyrnut, who was presented 9 Mar. 1274, by
John Neyrnut.
Roger de Bhmtesdon, died ; and was succeeded by
Geoffrey Neyrnut, pr. 18 June, 1304, by Sir John
Neyrnut, and dying, was succeeded by
Thomas Neyrnut, pr. 14 June, 1312.
Ralph de Stretely, admitted in 1319, by the Bishop's
authority: and again on his own cession, 17 May, 1320,
on the presentation of Sir John Neyrnut, Knt. and at
his death ;
Hugh de Stretely, on the presentation of Sir John Neyr-
nut, Knt. ; but resigned, and was succeeded by
Peter Bordele, abas Ecldsburyh, who was presented 2
April, 1.327: to whom succeeded
Humphrey Ward, 2 Dec. 1330: viv. 1332.^
John de Lervington, or Enynyton, presented 22 Mar.
1337, by Sir John Neyrnut; resigned in 1341, and was
succeeded by
Richard de Redgrave, presented 30 Sept. 1341, by
Sir John Neyrnut, Knt. He is said to have exchanged
for Reigate Vicarage in Surrey ; but no such name occurs
amongst the Incumbents of Reigate, as Redgrave or as
his alleged successor ;
John Coleman de Chetterne, 23 May, 1346.
Robert de Stretley, presented, on the death of Chetterne,
10 April, 1348, by John, son and heir of Sir John NejT-
nuyt. He resigned, and was succeeded by
Tlwmas Sty ward, 3 Sept. 1349, on the presentation
of "John de Neyrnuyt." He resigned, and
Hugh Styward, was presented 13 June, 1350.
John Fevare, pr. on the death of Hugh, by Sir John
NejTuut, 6 Oct. 1361.
John Smith, resigned in 1373; and was succeeded by
John Thame de Buckingham, 8 Oct. 1373, on the pre-
sentation of Sir John de Neyrnut.
No other Institution is discovered until,
Richard Wellespring, who resigned in 1433, and was
succeeded by
Edward Clark, 2 Dec. 1433, on the presentation of
Elizabeth Hartishorne, widow ; daughter and heir of Sir
John Neyrnut, Knt. On his decease,
WilUam ap Evans, was presented 8 Aug. 1458, by
Lady Joane Hervey and Thomas Hartishorne, Esq.
John Pesely, resigned 1470 ; and was succeeded by
John Hopton, 14 Dec. 1470, on the presentation of
the last mentioned Patrons; and resigning, was succeed-
ed by
John Wyhens, presented 15 June, 1474, by John Her-
vey and Thomas Hartishorne, Esquires.
Robert Hewys, presented 14 Oct. 1509, "on the
deadi of the last Rector," by George Hervey and John
Clott; and on his resignation was succeeded by
William Buckley, presented 17 Jan. 1526, by Sir
Robert Lee, Knt. ; and at his death,
Alexander Chetham, was presented 12 July, 1539, by
Anthony Lee, Esq. He died Rector of Hartwell, in
1558;"* and was succeeded by
Robert Chahner, A. M. 23 April, 1567, on the presen-
tation of Sir Henry Lee, Knt. He resigned, on being
made Rector of Amersham •,^ and was succeeded by
John Hitchcock, presented 28 Oct. 1581, by Sir Henry
Lee, Knt.
Henry Price, A. M. and B. D. presented in 1 584. He
was a native of London ;'' of St. John's Coll. Oxon, after-
wards Fellow; a celebrated Preacher and Poet; Chaplain
to Sir Henry Lee, K. G. He died at Woodstock, 2 Feb.
1600, xi. 34, and was buried in the Chapel of St. John's
Coll. Oxford, in which a monument to his memory was
erected by the Society.'
Having been the author of 1. Epicedium in Obitum
Parliamentary Returns. = See page 32(3. ^ Rot. Fin. 6 Ed.
'Wood's Hist, of Oxford, lib. ii. p. 312 ; Athenac, vol. ii. p. 306.
III. ■* See Hartwfxl. ^ gee Amersham.
7 Ibid. Hist, and Antiq. of Oxford, lib. ii.p. 312.
FLEET-MARSTON.
331
Henrici Comitis Danbiensis, 4to. Oxon. 1593. 2. The
Eagle's Flight, a Sermon at St. Paul's Cross; on St.
Luke, ch. xvii. ver. 37. 8vo. London, 1599. He also
left several Sei-mons, mentioned as worthy of pubUcation;
one on Rom. ch. vii. ver. 24, preached in 1594.^
John Lee, A.M. inducted 9 Aug. 1601. He was edu-
cated at Merchant-Tailors' School; nominated in 1608
as a candidate for the Rectory of St. Martin-Outwich, but
gave place to Ravens, Vicar of Dunmow, in Essex. He
was of St. John's Coll. Oxon, A.M. 1591, B.D. and D.D.
1608, also Rector of Wootton, co. Oxon; and dying 29
Oct. 1609, was buried at St. John's College; to the Li-
brary of which he left by will, books, and £70 to repair
the College.^ On his cession,
Thomas Jones, was inducted in Dec. 1608, on the
presentation of Sir Hen. Lee, Knt. ; and on his resigna-
tion was succeeded by
Theophilus Tuer, A. M. 26 May, 1610, on the presen-
tation of Sir Henry Lee, K. G. He was also of Mer-
chant-Tailors' School, in 1598; and during his Incum-
bency here, wrote an Epitaph, still remaining in the
Chapel of Quarendon,^ for one of the family of his Pa-
tron, his own name being introduced in the verses.
A very long account of his family and alUances is pre-
served by Cole, Rector of Bletchley, to whose ancestors
he was related.*
John Hoffman, 1639.
Valentine Sotherton, instituted 24 Nov. 1641.
Humphrey Glisson, A.M. pr. 8 Mar. 1642, by the
King, in the minority of Sir Henry Lee, Bart., and at
his decease,
John Basset, A. M. was instituted 25 Aug. 1643, on
the presentation of John Carey, Esq. of Long-Ditton,
and George Pickering, E sq. On being presented to the
Rectory of Farnham-Royal, he quitted this living,' and
James D' Aylon, A. M. was licensed to the Curacy in
1666; but afterwards removed to Brills'
George Harrison, presented 4 July, 1668, by the
Trustees of Sir Hen. Lee, Bart He was Rector in 1675,
and at his death, was succeeded by
Edward Hargrove, A. M. instituted 1 Sept. 1 696, on
the presentation of Edward-Henry Earl of Litchfield,
Sir Walter St. John, of Battersea, and Sir Ralph Verney,
Barts. and John Carey, Gent, of New- Woodstock. He
had been Curate of Linslade in 1664, and Master of the
School at Leighton-Buzzard, where his Monument has
the following inscription : " H. S. E. Edwardus Har-
grave, A. M. Gen. Eboracensis, Curatus de Linslade, in
Com. Buck. Rector de Fleet-Marston in eadem Com.
et Leightonensis Scholae Moderator per duo de quinqua-
ginta annos, qui in vita sua hunc cippum posuit anno
setat. suae 74'°. A. D. 1707, et juxta eum uxores duse ;
Quarum prima fuit Anna ex Sheppardeorum famiUa de
Leighton orta in Com. Bedf. qu£e ex filios duos peperit
Edwardum scil. primogenitum, qui in urbe Eboracensi,
obiit ubi sepultus fuit, & Guhelmum natu minori qui
in teneris a vita cessit. Seeunda etiam fuit Anna ex
Churchilliorum familia de Steeple-Claydon, in Com.
Buck, oriand. ex qua habuit unicam tantum fiham nomine
PhilUs quae in juventute sua decessit omnibus (primo-
genito excepto) in hoc dormitorio quiescentibus usque
ad diem Beatse Resurrectionis.
" Distreor in Maritum
Cui requies data nulla fuit dum vixerit Ejus
Marmore sub duro molhter ossa jacent."
William White, A. B. instituted 16 Feb. 1710, on the
presentation of Henry Earl of Litchfield. He was of
Trinity College, Oxon, A.M. 6 July, 1715; also Vicar of
Steeple-Claydon, and at his death, was succeeded by
William Buck, LL. B. 19 March, 1735, on the presen-
tation of the Earl of Litchfield. He was of St. John's
College, Oxford; LL.B. 18 April, 1724 ; LL.D. 14 May,
1736; and on his resignation,
John Warner, A.M. was presented 23 Feb. 1739, by
the Earl of Litchfield. He held the Rectory of Cher-
rington, co. Warwick, from 1742, by dispensation with
this Rectory ; and on his resignation,
John Henry Williams, LL. B. was inducted 20 May,
1776, on the presentation of Henry Earl of Litchfield.
He was also Vicar of Wellesbourne, co. Warwick, on
the presentation of the Crown, until his death in Ma}',
1828, set. 82.
John Gale Dolree, A.M. instituted June, 1829, on his
own presentation.
1 Wood's Athense, vol. i. p. 306, 307 ; also Hist, of Oxon, lib. ii. p. 312.
2 Gutch's Coll. and Halls, p. 554 ; Wilson's Hist, of Merchant Tailors' School, p. 136, n.
3 See QuARENDOff. * Cole's MSS. in Mus. Brit, and Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes, vol.
5 See Farnham-Royal. ^ Vol. i, p. 116.
p. 657, 669.
332
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
THE CHURCH,
dedicated to St. Mary, (though no feast or anniversary is kept) stands north of the road from
Aylesbury to Waddesdon, and originally a little southward of the ancient road called the Portrcaij,
described by Stewkeley, and still to be traced through the vale of Aylesbury, from east to west.
The building is small, consisting of a nave, with a little turret on the roof at the west end,
containing one bell ; at the east end a chancel ; on the north side a porch, all with gable roofs,
tiled. The windows square-headed and irregular.
The Font is ancient, columnar, and plain.
On slabs in the pavement :
Here lieth the body of Thomas Markham, the son of
Thomas and Priscilla Markham, late of Berry-field,
who departed this hfe April the SS** 1729, aged 17 years.
Also, on his left hand, lieth the body of Priscilla
Markham, his loving Mother; and Wife of Thomas
Markham, aforesaid, who departed this Ufe March the
... 1731, aged 6.3 years.
Here, also, heth the body of Thomas Markham, her
(husband) who departed this life
On a mural tablet :
Sacred to the INIemory of Mr. Thomas Markham,
late of Berry-field, in the Parish of Quarrendon, who
died May P' 1803, aged 63 years.
Also, of Mary his wife, who died Feb. 24"' 1785,
aged 46 years.
And, of Martha, his second wife, who died Jan' 1 0"'
1793, aged .32 years.
On a small mural tablet of black marble, bor-
dered :
KE^IEMBER THY END.
Here lyeth the body of Agnes Hoffinan, Ncece to
D'. Pridcaux, the most vertuous Wife of John Hoffman,
Bachellour in Divinity, and Rector of this Church:
She dyed the twenty-eighth of January 1639, being 38
years old. She, together with two of her Daughters,
here also buried, expect a blessed ResuiTection to eter-
nal life at the last day. Job. xix. v. 25.
I KXOW THAT MY REDEEMER LIVETH !
On another mural tablet, on the south side of
the nave:
Sacred to the memory of Thomas Grace, jun' of Putt-
lowes, in this Parish, who departed this Life the 24"'. of
April, 182.3, aged 32 years.
Reader, thou lookest upon the monument of a pme
Christian. Art thou a Christian ? Rejoice, that a glori-
fied spirit hath burst fi'om its earthly prison ! Wouldest
thou be a glorified Spirit ? Go and clothe thyself in the
Christian Graces, which ripened him for the eternal
world of Righteousness, before he bad shed the first
blossoms of Ufe.
He went to his Grave in Peace :
And to his God in Glory.
On a slab :
Sacred to the memory of Benjamin Grace, son of Tho-
mas and Martha Grace, of Puttloes, in this Parish, who
departed this Ufe March 2P'. 1821, aged 22 years.
The first Volume of the Registers, now extant, commences 26 Sept. 1630, and ends 3 Feb. 1718 ;
from which period, until 16 Dec. 1739, is a deficiency : but from 16 May, 1756, the entries have been
continued regularly.'
1 From information obligingly communicated by the Rev. Israel Bull, A. M. of Aylesbury, Curate of Fleet-Marston, one
of the Promoters of this Work.
NORTH-MARSTON. 333
NORTH-MARSTON,
MERSTON, OR MEARSTON,
deriving its name from the Saxon word signifying a marsh, (and its prefix, distinguishing it from
Fleet-Marston) is about three miles s. s. e. from Winslow, one mile s. w. of the road from London
to that town, and seven miles n. n. w. of Aylesbury.
The parish is bounded on the N. by Grandborough ; on the n. e. the E. and s. e. by Oving ; s. by
Pitchcott, and Denham in Quainton ; s. w. by Fulbrook in Hogshaw ; and on the w. and n. w. by
Grandborough; containing about 2000 acres, of which about one-fourth part is computed to
be arable.
The soil is a stiff blue clay, interspersed with sand and rubble ; and the situation low in respect to
the surrounding parishes.
the manor.
The principal estate here, at the time of the Norman Survey, belonged to William Fitz-Ausculf,
and was held by Ralph as six hides and a half, for one manor : there was land for six ploughs ; two
in the demesne, and three in the hands of eight villeins, and three bordars ; and four might have
been added : pasture for two teams : altogether worth one hundred shillings ; sixty when he first
held it, and in the time of King Edward four pounds. Leuric, a man of Earl Edwin, held five
hides, part of this estate, as a manor ; and another tenant of King Edward, one hide and one virgate
in soccage : and Brictain, a man of Earl Tosti, had one virgate. Both could alienate these lands.'
Fitz-Ausculf had another estate here, separately surveyed, held under him by Bernard, as one
hide ; sufficient for one team, which was kept by a bordar. The value was 10s. at the Survey ; when
first given to Fitz-Ausculf, the same : but in the time of King Edward, 20s. Alwin, a man of
Brictric, held this in soccage of the King, and might sell it."
All the lands of Fitz-Ausculf subsequently came to the Paganels, and Ralph, the subfeudatory
of William Fitz-Ausculf here, is said to have belonged to that family. Fulk, son of Ralph Paganel,
founder of Tickford Priory, held this estate as a subordinate member of Newport, which was the
head of the Barony of Dudley, in this county. It afterwards descended to the family of Someri ; and
Roger de Someri died seised in 1290 f as did also John de Someri, his younger son, seised of two
Knight's fees in Marston and Oving :* his estate passing by Jane, his sister and co-heir, to Thomas de
Bottetort, of Weobley Castle :* and in default of male issue, Joyce, cousin and heir of John Bottetort,
carried the inheritance in marriage to Hugh Burnell, whose heir, Sir Adam Peshell, Knt. and Joyce
his wife, conveyed their interest to William de Birmingham, by whom, in the reign of Henry V. the
same was transferred to James Boteler, Earl of Ormonde ; and in 1460, forfeited by attainder.
1 Terra Willi Filij Ausculph. In Votesdone Hd. GO'. In Merstone ten' Rannult''. de Willo. vi. hid. et dim', p. uno OD'.
Tra'. e. vi. car'. In dnio sunt. ii. et viii. uilli cfi. in. bord. hnt. in. car. et iiii.'^ pot', fieri, ptu. ii. car'. Int'. totu. ual.
c. sol. Qdo recap: lx. sol. T. R. E. iiii. lib. De. hoc CO', tenuit Leuric ho Eduini. com : v. hid. p. i. GD'. et Alt' ho. hab-
uit. hid. eti. uirg'. de soca regis. E. et Brictuin' ho Tosti comitis. i. uirg' habuit. Oins hi uende' potuer. Lib. Censual.
vol.i. f. 148. b.
2 In ead uilla ten' Bernard' de Willo. i hida. Tra'. e. i. car', et ibi. e. cii. i. bord. Val et ualuit. x. sol. T. R. E. xx'".
sol. Hanc tra tenuit Alwn. ho. Brictric etde soca regis fuit. et uendere potuit. Ibid.
s Esc. 1 Ed. I. n". 15, Cal, vol. i. p. 49. * Ibid. 16 Ed. II. n°. 72, Cal. vol. i. p. 306. * Esc. 12 Ed. III. n°. 40-
334 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Afterwards, King Edward IV. granted this estate to Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick ; and
at his death, in 1471, to George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence. Reverting to the Crown at his
decease, the Seigniory was, by King Henry VII. restored to the family of Ormonde, whose heirs
received GOs. ^jer ««». rents for the lands of the Abbey of Oseney, in Marston, for exemption from
suit and services at the Courts at Newport-Pagnell.'
These lands seem to have been the same which had been held under Fitz-Ausculf, at the Norman
Survey, by Bernard de St. Walery, who, being a chief benefactor to Oseney Abbey, had probably
bestowed them upon that house, although the donation is not particularly described ;" for in a Charter
of Henry D'Olli, grandson of the founder, certain lands are mentioned in the tenure of Brictric,
called Monetarius (Master of the Mint) which corroborates the belief of their identity : and at the
ecclesiastical valuation of Henry VIH. Oseney-Abbey estate here was demised at 60s. rent to Ralph
Beale, and subject to the payment of five shillings for exemption from service of Court at Newport
to the heirs of the Earl of Ormonde, representatives of the Barons of Dudley.''
It was assigned by King Henry VIH. to his " Newe Colledge in Oxforde," by Charter dated 1 Oct.
37 Hen. VIH.^ as " parcell of Osneye Abbey, valued at 20s." and granted to the Dean and Chapter
of Oxford, by the King, then newly founded,^ and continuing to belong to Christ-Church until the
passing of an Inclosure-Act in 1778 ; an allotment was made to the Dean and Canons, in lieu
of one yard-land and a half, with right of common, then in the tenure of John Danser, their
lessee."
The Dansers were descended from Joshua Danser, of Siresham, in Northamptonshire, which Manor
came into their hands by the marriage of his ancestor with a branch of the family of Saunders, also of
North-Marston.
LANDS OF THE BISHOP OF CONSTANCE.
A small estate here, held at the Domesday Survey by Ralph, who was also the subfeudatory of
William Fitz-Ausculf, consisted of one virgate : the half of it might employ a team ; and two oxen
were kept there. It was always computed at forty pence value. This land had been in the hands
of Leuric, a domestic of Eddwine, and he could sell it.'
This land was probably forfeited in 1093, and subsequently became part of the Honour of Dudley,
being given to the Paganels, and passing with the principal estate of the Somerys, as before described.
In 1198, a fine was passed of lands here, between Thomas de Bakehill and Alice D'Aumari and
Geoffrey her son, declared to be the right of the said Alice and Geoffrey, and their heirs." In 1258,
Hugh de Dunster and Alice his wife passed a fine of lands in Oving and Marston with Mabill,
daughter of Philip de Cotes, as the right of Hugh and Alice.^ In 1261, Robert de Craunfield and
Thomas Fitz-Simon, the Presbyter, passed a fine of messuages, lands and rents in Oving and North-
Marston, to enure to Craunfield. In 1269, John de Cauz and Alice his wife conveyed lands and
rents here to John de la Brock :"' and the fixmily of Brock continued to possess an estate here in the
1 Val. Eccles. vol. ii. p. 219. - Kcnnet's Paroch. Antiq. : also Monast. Anglic, vol. vi. p. 249.
' Val. in firma divers, terrar. cum redd, tenen. ibni. p. annu sic di'. Radulpho Bale p. indenture ix'. Inde in Rep's, ppet.
Redd, resoliit'. hered'. comit. Ormond. inipp. p. sect. cur', rclaxand. apud Newport-Pannell p. ann. v^ Valor Eccles. Hen.
VIII. vol. ii. p. 219.
•* Harl. MSS. n". 4316. fol 56 b. and Monast. Anglic, vol. ii. p. 168. ■'' Rot Pat. 34 Ilcn. VIII. Test. 15 Sept.
6 Stat. 18 Geo. Ill, c. 48 pr.
7 Terra Epi Constant. In Merstone ten. Rannulf ' sub Ep. i. uirg. Tra' e dim. car. ii boues ibi sunt. Val ct ualuit sep.
XL. den. Hanc tra. tenuit Leuric'. lio. Edduuini et uende' potuit. Lib. Cens. vol. i. i'ol. 145.
8 Rot. Fin. 18 Uic. I. a Ibid. 43 Hen. III. lo lb. .54 Hen. III.
NORTH-MARSTON. 335
ensuing century, a fine being passed in 1337, of lands and meadow, between John atte-Broke and
Joane his wife : Henry and Joane his wife, and John at Crouched
In 1310, a fine was passed of messuages, lands and meadow here, between Robert de Lou (or qu.
De L'eau?) of Stoke-Goldington, and Geoffrey de Hoo (or Lou) as the right of Robert; who, with Alice
his wife, passed another fine, in 1321, with Master Adam de Stonere, by whom an estate was granted
to Robert and Alice de Lou." Li 1318, Henry son of Adam Fitz-Piers, of Crendon, passed a fine of
lands, &c. and William Pycot and Christiana his wife.^ Li 1388, the last-mentioned parties conveyed
to John de Bate ;* and in the same year John Wroe and Isabel his wife passed a fine of messuages
and lands with John Stevens and Alice his wife ; and in 1407, John Wroe, John Byron, John
Kenners, and John Skydemore (Scudamore) of Edrop, passed a fine here, with Richard Collins and
Maud his wife, whose daughter Agnes was married to John Playstowe, alias Webb, of Nether-
Winchendon, and joined in a fine, in 1480, for the conveyance of lands, &c. here to John Bacon,
which appear to have afterwards passed to Edmund Peckham, Esq. by whom, with John Cheyne,
Robert Cheyne, William Walsingham, Paul Darell, and John Williams, by a fine in 1529, with
William Bylling and Theobalda his wife, a settlement was made on Peckham, which is difficult to be
exactly traced, as to its subsequent descent, principally on account of the jealousy or disinclination on
the part of those recently possessed of the lands to afford any satisfactory information on this subject :
however, it is pretty evident, from the intermarriages of the families of Cheyne, Lee, Saunders,
Duncombe, Hampden, Pye, and Vachel, that the estates in Oving, North-Marston, and Oakley,
severally belonging to different branches or members of those families, after having been reduced by
sundry conveyances to other purchasers, constituted the principal part of the estate here of John
Ingram-Lockhart, Esq. and some others : considerable landed property in this parish having, about
1751 passed, on the decease of Richard Saunders, Esq. to .... Gilbert, and subsequently, by bequest
to Anne, daughter of Timothy Earle, Esq. of Mount-House, co. Herts, and by the marriage of the
daughter of Richard Gilkes, of Adderbury, co. Oxon. to Francis Wastie, Esq. of Great-Haseley, at
whose death it passed in right of his daughter and heiress, Mary Gilkes-Wastie, to John Ingram-
Lockhart, Esq. M. P. for Oxford; who, in 1827, purchased about 210 acres here of Mr. William
Flowers, Yeoman, previously the property of Charles and Richard Watkins, of Daventry, co.
Northampton (who held that estate in 1775) and on the death of Mr. Lockhart, came to the present
possessor.^
The mansion of the family of Saunders, near the middle of the village on the south side, was
demolished by Francis Wastie, Esq. and part of the offices converted into a farm-house, occupied by a
1 These old names are evidently derived from the abode of the respective persons or families by whom they were borne :
as, John at the Brook, John at the Cross, &c. of North-Marston, whose ancestors had previously acquired lands also
in Oving.
2 Ibid. 4 and 15 Edw. II. 3 ib. 12 Ed. II. ; see also p. 210. * lb. 2 Ric. II.
5 If there be inaccuracy in this detail, it ought not to be charged to the neglect of the Author, by not making respectful
applications to the proper sources whence authentic information seemed likely to be obtained ; but to the late pro-
prietor, who was pleased to observe, that " It was sufficient for him to possess the estate, without affording any information
respecting it."
336 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
PEDIGREE OF SAUNDERS, of NORTH-MARSTON.
Arms : Per chev. Arg. and S. three elephants' heads erased, counterchanged. Crest : An elephant's head erased.
Francis Saunders, of North-Marston, 1546. [Rot. Fin.]
Richard Saunders, ob. 1602, a;t. 67, bur. at North-Marston.=^ELiiABETii, ob. vidua 11 Feb. 1615, at. 74.
Richard Saunders, of North-Marston.=^EMzABETn, ob. 1656, bur.=THOMAS Cookson, John Saunders, M D. of North-Marston, 1615, wTote i
at North-Marston. second husband. epitaph on Elizabeth Saunders, his mother.
,=^E,,,ZA„ET„, ..
1744, a;t.84.
ob. vidua 5 April
RicTiARD Saunders, Esq. of Aylesbury ;=pSarah, ob. 26 Nov. 1749, Thomas Saunders, ob inf. 18 Nov. 1G99, bur. at N.Marston.
ob, 5 Dec. 1751, aet. 56, bur. at North- bur. at North-Marston. Eleanor, ob. inf. bur. at X. Jlarston, 14 June, 1696.
Marston. |
Oliver Vachell, Esq. died 24 May, 1564 (7 Eliz.) seised of the manor of North-Marston, &c. with
lands in Oving, Kymblecote, Turville, and Hambledon, and of messuages, &c. in Bledlow, Kingeshey,
Saunderton, and Ilmere, held in soccage ; leaving issue by Margaret his wife a son Stephen, his heir,
and of full age.'
A short and very imperfect Pedigree of Vachell is subjoined.
PEDIGREE OF VACHELL.
From Harleian MSS. 1533, fol. 6 ; 5181. fol, 46 ; and Ashmole's Berks. &c.
Armi : Bendy of six, Ermine and Azure ; Vachel. Argent a Chevron Sable between 3 Cocks Gules ; Cochu-orthie.
Crest : A cloven foot coupe Arg.
(1) =pTn..MAS V.ACHELl,0fC0wly,=i=(2)
daughter of ( co. Berks. I daughter of
of Colly =p
A Daughter, mar.to Brackenbury of the Rock. Oliver Vachell, of Buriton, co. Hants =|=M
ob 24Mayl564(7 £liz.)seisedofNorth
IMarston Manor.
=pMARCAnE
of East-Til
Richard Norton, of=f=ELiZABiTH, dau. and hr.
East-Tiited, CO. Hants, of \Vm. Rotherfield, of
J East-Tisted, co. Hants.
1. SiEPHEN Vachell, of North-;\larston, 2. Thomas \'ACHtLL. JIargesv. ELizAiiETH.=j=Rd. Joye, of Farnham, co. Surry,
vixit 1564, aet. 21 or more. ]\Iakv.
[Esc. 1 Dec. 7 Eliz.] Anne.
HONOUR OF WALINGFORD.
Another estate here, at the Norman Survey, belonged to Mn.o Crispin, who possessed one hide in the
tenure of Seric, who held it before the Conquest, under Brictric, with power of alienation. The land
was sufficient for one plough, which was kept by a bordar. The pasture was for one team, and
altogether valued at 20s. per ann} The Seigniory descended with the rest of the Honour of
Walingford,'- until it came to the Rt. Hon. George Earl of Macclesfield, the present Lord Paramount
of this manor; but no courts have been held here, nor services claimed, from time immemorial.
This estate seems to have been part of the possessions of the fiimily of Wymbervyle, in the reign of
Henry HI. and in 1278, Walter de Wymbervyle and Damerona his wife passed a fine with Ralph de
Sampford and Isabella his wife, of messuages, lands and rents, in Ouxjng, and North-Marston ; ' and
I Esc. I Dec. 7 Eliz.; Cole's Esc. in Mus. Brit. Harl. MSS. n". 756.
2TEH11A MiLONis CiuspiK. In Merston ten'. Seric de Milone. i. iiid. Trit'. e. i. car. ct ibi est cu. i. bord. Ptn. i. car.
val. ct ualuit sep. x\''. sol. Istcmet tenuit T. R.E. ho. Brictrici fuit et uende' potiiit. Lib. Censual. vol. i. f. 150.
■^ ASIIENDON, p. 18, 10.
NORTH-MARSTON. 337
by a deed, without date, having the impression of a seal, with figures of St. Michael and the Dragon,
and in Anglo-Saxon characters around it, " S. Ricardi de Trayle." Richard de Trayle, Rector of
Alston-Senford\ grants to Beatrice de Trayli and her heirs, in fee pro serdtio suo, half a yard land
cum pert, in North-Marston, which the said Richard had purchased of Walter de Wymbervyle."
In 1310, William de Wymberville and Beatrice his wife granted messuages, lands, and rents in
Oving and North-Marston, to John Abetot f and in 1380, another William Wymberville and Agnes
his wife, passed messuages, lands and rents, in Marston, Oving, and Whitchurch, to Henry son of
Richard Bilyndon.*
Hence it appears that the whole of the lands of the Wymberviles did not pass by the settlement
above recited ; although it is probable that the lands of Beatrice de Trayli might have been carried
by her marriage to Thomas Fitz-Arnold, or Fitz-Neale, and that William Fitz-Arnold, of Church-
Waune, (supposed to be Waddesdon) included the same in his grant, dated 9 Aug. 1324, to Thomas
Tochewyk and his heirs, under the description of all his lands in Oving and North-Marston, which
grant likewise comprised seven oxen, five heifers, a calf, two horses for a waggon ; and all his goods.*
William Fitz-Arnold likewise granted, by another deed of the same date, to the same Thomas
Tochewyk, all Escheats belonging to him in right of his possessions in Oving and Marston.'^
LANDS OF MAGDALEN COLLEGE.
An estate here anciently belonged to St. John's Hospital, near the east gate of Oxford, founded
for pilgrims and diseased persons resorting to salubrious springs ; which hospital being decayed in the
reign of John, was rebuilt in the time of his successor, Henry HI. and re-endowed about 1233, with
lands in Marston, Thornborough, Singleborough, and Newport-Pagnel,' with right of pannage in
Bernwode Forest.
In 1271, a fine was passed between Walter de Wyleby, Master of St. John's Hospital, and
Nicholas Deway, of lands in North-Marston,'^ which continuing to belong to that foundation until the
reign of Henry VI. William of Wainfleet, Bishop of Winchester, obtained a grant of the lands, site,
and buildings of the hospital, for the endowment of St. Mary Magdalen's College ; and in 1456,
these lands in Marston were conveyed to the Bishop by Richard Wise, Master, and the brethren
of the Hospital under their common seal.^
The Manor and demesne lands were valued at 11. Gs. 8d. per ann.^°
The President and Scholars of the College of St. Mary Magdalen being seised of this estate in 1778,
1 See Aston Sandpord, p. 47, in which this Richard occurs in 1260, as the second Rector.
2 From the Original, in the Archives of the Rt. Hon. James Everard Lord Arundell, at Wardour Castle.
3 Rot. Fin. 4 Ed. II. * Ibid. 4 Ric. II.
5 Deeds in the possession of the Rt.Hon. James Everard Lord Arundell, at Wardour Castle.
6 The names of the Witnesses include Robert Mallet, Reginald de Hampden, Ralph de Weeden, and Peter de
Carbonnel.
T Rot. Fin. 25 Hen. 111. n". 150. 27 Hen. III. n". 36. 29 Hen. III. n". 5, 6. 33 Hen. HI. Rot. Cart. 50 Hen. III.
Rot. Fin. 54 Hen. HI. m. 10. Placit. 13 Ric. II. ro. 7. and Monast. Anglic, vol. vi. p. 678.
8 Rot. Fin. 56 Hen. HI.
9This Seal was oval, and inscribed: S. comune Dom. Hospitalis S". Johanis ex" portam O.ien. Ox. Monast. Anglic.
vol. vi. p. 678.
10 Northm'.ston. Firm, maner. pdci & cert. terr. diiic. eid'. ptin' det. p. indentur' & jac. in com. Buck. Dioc. Lincoln,
& Decanat. de . . . . & de p. cvI^ viii'*. Redd. lib. tenen. ibm. xl'. Siii^. onis vii'. vi'. viii''. Val. Eccles. Hen. VIII.
vol. ii. p. 277.
VOL. I. 2 X
338 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
an allotment was made under the Inclosure Act,^ in lieu of seven yard-lands and a half, to John
Eaton, Esq. then lessee : and Mrs. Mary Eaton, his widow, is the present possessor : the land-tax for
the Alanor Farm being 14/. 85. 5d. per ann."
Tlie Guild or Fraternity of Stonij-Stratford^ held an estate here, which being vested in the Crown
by Act of Parliament at the Reformation, was granted by King Edward VI. in 1552, to Edward Lord
Clinton and Say, under the description of messuages, tofts, lands, tenements, and hereditaments, in
the occupation of Thomas Redman.^
In 1552, the King granted to Sir Edward Bray, Knt. John Thornton, and John Danby, three
acres and a half in the open fields, with other lands in Oving.^
In 1587, Queen Elizabeth, in pursuance of a warrant to Henry Newell, dated 12 June, 26 Eliz.
and on the petition of Edward Dyer, granted to Edward Wymarke, of London, land called Church-
Land and Clock-Land, one rood called Bull-ham, in the occupation of Symonds, Warner, and Rede,
given for superstitious uses ; lands called Cow-pasture in Oving and North-Marston, in the occupation
of Redman, Streame, Grace, Story, Harris, Russell, and Billing, &c.*^ In 1598, the Queen, on the
like petition, granted to William Tipper and Robert Dawe, of London, the Clock-Lands and Co7v-
pastures; and in the last century, the former were in the occupation of Richard Tattam, at 51. per ami.'
In 1649, Henry Stonchill, Yeoman, of North-Marston, conveyed to Henry Stonehill, of Dancers-
end, in the parish of Buckland, his son, a messuage or tenement here ; and some of the descendants
of this family are still living in the village.
In 1778, the following persons were also seised of estates here: viz. — Richard Hopkins, Esq, of
Oving, Avhose lands subsequently passed with his mansion and estate in Oving."
Alice Dagnall held a small estate here, which came to the family of Duncombe, descendants of
Thomas Duncombe, who, in the reign of Henry VI H. acquired lands here by a fine passed with
Joane Brooke, widow.^
Samuel Harrison, of Winchendon, Mary Gibbard, widow, Francis Blake, Elizabeth Turner, John
Simpson, John Field, John Eagles, John Carpenter, John Tattam and Henry Tattam, James and
John Forster, severally and respectively possessed lands here, some of which are vested in their
descendants and others, transferred by divers purchasers, so as to have considerably diminished the
number of freeholders in this parish.
THE VILLAGE
retains scarcely any indications of that degree of importance which Willis says that it had derived
from the resort of persons to the shrine and salubrious well ;^" but an accidental fire in 1700, having
consumed many of the houses in " the High Street," so called in old writings, probably reduced the
place. However, in 1712, there being only seventy fimiilies, consisting of 350 persons, the subsequent
increase of inhabitants seems not at all miraculous, even without the aid of Sir John Schorne's devotees:
and the buildings in general are of a very ordinary class.
In the reign of Edw. HI. this parish was assessed to the ninths, at lU marks ; much land being
uncultivated, and no cattle dealers here."
In 1598, the Provision Money for the Queen's Household amounted to 1/. 13s. 6d. and Mr.
Fountayne, for Marston-Fields, 11. 5s. llf/.'"
1 Stat. 18 Geo. III. c. 18. - Pm-och. Returns. ' See Stony-Stuatford.
■» Rot. Pat. 6 Ed. VI. Test. 17 Mar. ^ ibid. Test. 1 Sopt^ '' Ibid. '26 Eliz.
7 From infoniuition of tlic Family. 8 See Oving. '■' Rot. Fin. 38 Hen. VIII.
10 Page 339. " Inqiiis. Nonar. p. 339. ^- Rot. Eliz. n". 4'2.
NORTH-MARSTON. 339
In 1801, the number of houses was 77 ; inhabitants, 487 : in 1806, by a very accurate census^
573.' In 1821, they had increased to 630, occupying 112 houses, and constituting 118 families :
and in 1831, the number of inhabitants had increased in about an eqnal degree.
In 1776, expences of maintaining the poor, IS91. 4s. Oct. In 1783, increased to 326/. 9s. lid
From 25 March, 1821, to 25 Mar. 1822, returned at 1087/. 16s. Od. but in 1824, only 755Z. 9s. Od.
which evinces much irregularity in such documents.
HOLY WELL, OR THE TOWN WELL,
is supplied from a copious spring on the south-east of the village, near a foot-path leading towards
Oving. It is slightly chalybeate, and contains a large portion of calcareous earth. The water is
never frozen in the severest winter, and never fails in the greatest drought. It is received into a
square cistern, walled in, and sheltered with a roof of boards, and is chiefly used for domestic
purposes ; but retains so much of its ancient fame, that even now it is occasionally resorted to, for
the relief of scorbutic and cutaneous diseases. It was once celebrated for medicinal and miraculous
effects, supposed to have been derived from the prayers and benediction of St. John Schorne, a pious
Rector of North-Marston," at a period very favourable to the acquisition of sanctity, and the
reputation of the patron saint, whose miracles were so firmly and generally credited, that the village
is recorded to have become flourishing and popidous by the resort of diseased persons to this well.
Many traditionary stories long kept alive the memory of Schorne ; and amongst others, that of " his
knees having become horny by his continual posture of devotion ; and of his having, upon some
important emergency (no doubt) conjured the Devil into a hoot :" which are as well attested, probably,
as many miracles of the saints of the same Calendar : for a representation of this extraordinary scene
was set up in the east window of the church, and recorded on the wall which enclosed the Holy Well,
as it was seen by Browne Willis :^ —
" Sir John Schorne
Gentleman borne :
Conjured the Devil into a Boot."
Willis remarks that " several ceremonies* were practised here on account of this gentleman, whose
miracles brought so great a resort of company to the place, that many houses were built for the
accommodation of guests ;" and are so described in the old writings, and in the records of the Court-
Baron. He adds, that " within the memory of aged persons then living, a post in a quinque-viam on
Oving-Hill," about a mile east of the well, had hands pointing to the several roads, one of them
directing to Sir John Schorne's Well.^
Poor Lands. —Fifteen acres of land, (valued only at Bl.perann.) were allotted under the Inclosure
Act,'' to the Minister, Church-wardens, and Overseers of the Poor, and their successors, as Trustees
to distribute the proceeds, on the 24th of December annually, amongst " the most necessitous,
1 From information of the Rev. Will. Pinnock, then Perpetual Curate.
2 Page 342, 3. 3 Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon.
■* No particulars of these ceremonies seem to have been preserved ; aud conjecture only may, therefore, refer them to the
superstitions of Well-Worship, practised by the Britons, Saxons, and Germans; prohibited in the Anglican Councils, un-
der King Edgar and Canute, and by Archbishop Anselm, in the twelfth century. [Lambard's Collections, c. 5 ; and
Spelraan's Councils, tom. i. p. 2. c. 5.] These rites were a species oi Saturnalia ; but at length became less odious, though
still offensive; and, in process of time, were changed into rustic diversions, instead of offerings, and terminated in the
decoration of the Wells with garlands and boughs of trees, and hence, perhaps, the Dedication Feasts of Churches.
5 MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon. 6 Stat. 18 Geo. III. c. 18. p. 11. pr.
340 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
industrious, and honest poor of this parish legally settled, not receiving collection nor provided for
in the poor-house, in fuel, meat, corn, or apparel, at their discretion ; in lieu of the tolerated custom
of cutting and taking bushes and furzes from some parts of the fields then inclosed."
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY.
This Church was given to the Monastery of Eynesham, co. Oxon. by Wigand, nephew of Brien,
with lands (probably adjacent) in Fulbrook,^ the donation being confirmed by his brother INIainfeuen"
and their nephew Alan de Fences or Penros : and also afterwards by a charter of King Henry H.^
When the foundation at Eynesham had declined, and become insufficient to maintain its monks,
the Advowson of Marston was transferred to Dunstaple Priory, as may be presumed, by King John,
who, having bestowed upon that convent one of his palaces and other great gifts, was esteemed its
second founder. No account is discovered of this Church having belonged to Eynesham after the
latter was united to Stow, and the patronage was exercised by the Prior and Convent of Dunstaple,
early in the reign of Henry HI.
Richard, who succeeded Thomas the first Prior, presided at Dunstaple between 1202 and 124'2.
Geoffrey de Barthon resigned in 1263.
Simon de Eton died in 1274.
William de Breton was elected 8 Oct. 1274, and confirmed 26 April, 1275.
William de Wederons (Wood-row) was nominated 25 Jan. 1280, and in his time this Church was
estimated at 61. 135. id. per ami. deducting 2Qs. per ami. payable to the Prior of Dunstaple.*
John de Chedington, 8 Dec. 1303 : paid thirty marks in 1305, for the King's license to appropriate
the churches of Harlington, co. Beds, and North-Marston, to the use of the Convent ;' but the ordi-
nation of the Vicarage did not immediately ensue ; for in 1334, an Inquisition was held to ascertain
whether damage might arise if the Prior granted to Henry Bishop of Lincoln 26s. Sd. issuant out of
this Rectory," which was preliminary to the appropriation, and perhaps a condition for obtaining the
consent of the Bishop, the payment, though small, being nearly one-fifth of the value of the living.
After the time of Enston, sixth Rector,' the Church was made a Vicarage, and so continued until
about 1479, when the Impropriation and Advowson were exchanged for Weldon, in Northampton-
shire, with the Dean and Canons of Windsor, by license of the King and Thomas Bishop of Lincoln;"
and about 1489, after the death of John jMiddleton, Vicar, the Vicarage was appropriated, and a
Curate appointed, with a stipend out of the lands, and confirmed, in 1501, by license of William
Smith, Bishop of Lincoln.-' The Dean and Canons of Windsor nominated Curates paying ammally
to the Church of Lincoln, an acknowledgment, perhaps, originating in the ancient grant to Dunstaple
Priory. By these repeated reductions, the income of the Incumbent was contracted into a very
inadequate provision, and the funds of the Impropriators greatly augmented : but the appropriation
of the Vicarage is mentioned in the Register as " in lieu of estates of which the Church of Windsor
had been robbed."
In 1483, this Impropriation was demised to Thomas Barnes; and afterwards Christopher Lyvott
occurs as lessee.'" In 1547, the Impropriate Vicarage was leased to Henry Murrell, and it was
1 Puge 272. =Monast. Anglic.vol. iii. p. 23. ^ [bid. p. 20. •* Taxat. P. Nich. p. 34.
5 Rot. Orig. 34.E(1. I.; Abbrev. vol. i. p. 149. 6 Inquis. ad Quod Dam. 8 Ed. III. n". 31, Cal. p. 298. ^ Page 343.
sRegist. oftheDean and Canons of Windsor; also, Pole's Hist, of Windsor, p. 3; and Regist. of Thomas Rotherham,
Bp. of Lincoln ; also Rot. Pat. 19 Ed. IV. p. 1, m. 13.
9 Ashmole's Hist, of tlie Order of the Garter, p. 172. lo Regist. of the Dean and Canons.
NORTH-MARSTON. 341
subsequently the property of the family of Saunders. Francis Saunders having passed a fine with
Henry Bradshaw and Joane his wife, of a messuage, fifty acres of land, three of meadow and six of
pasture, in Merston, in 38 Hen VHI. is conjectured to have been the ancestor of Richard Saunders,
whose name first occurs as lessee of the Dean and Canons : but in 1620, " the lease of the Impropriate
Rectory was in the hands of Lady Jane Throckmorton ; and in 1625, of her son, Robert Throck-
morton, Esq''." ' Richard Saunders held the lease for life, with remainder to Ptichard and John his sons.
Richard died in 1602, leaving a numerous family ; and Elizabeth his widow was married, secondly^
to Thomas Cookson. On the surrender of the lease to the Dean and Canons, in 1628, the Impro-
priations, both of the R,ectory and Vicarage, were included in a new grant to John Saunders, and
after " having been repeatedly renewed to Doctor Saunders,"- the lease was held successively by
Pleydell, Sayes, and Barton.^
The connexion of the Saunderses, of North-Marston, with other branches of the same family, is
not satisfactorily traced ; a circumstance, perhaps, the less to be regretted, because few of them
attained distinction. One of the sons of Richard Saunders, however, was the editor of an
Astrological Almanack, published in 1696, and perhaps in other years, and is therein styled
" Student in Physical and INIathematical Sciences."
There seems to be a chasm in the list of tenants between Saunders and Pleydell ; and it appears
that the Kingscotes, of Gloucestershire, held the lease. Abraham Kingscote (grandson of Troilus
Kingscote, an eminent commander, who died in 1656, and descended from Nigel de Kingscote in the
reign of Edward II.) left Joane his widow surviving, who, with others, by Indenture, 2 Aug. 1670,
conveyed to William Saye, Gent, of Marsh-Gibbon, in consideration of 1178/. the Red Lion, and
other messuages, &c. in North-Marston. William Saye died in 1671, and was succeeded in his
property here by Robert Saye, D. D. Provost of Oriel-College, Oxford, and Rector of Marsh-Gibbon.*
He died in 1691; and before 1710, Edward Waddington had become lessee. He was Fellow of
Eton-College, and of Kings-College, Cambridge, A. B. 1691; A.M. 1695; and D.D. 1710.^ In
1724, he was consecrated Bishop of Chichester,^ and died in 1750. The lease was afterwards held
by Anthony Newry, Merrick, and the Rev. James Cutler ;^ and in 1798, by John Harman,
and subsequently was transferred to James Neild, Esq. of Chelsea, co. Middlesex. He was born at
Knutsford, in Cheshire, 25 May, 1744, and being left an orphan at an early age, by industry and
diligence in the business of a goldsmith, accumulated wealth, and devoted his best energies to the
practice of benevolence. Imitating the example of Howard, he was accustomed to visit places of
criminal confinement ; and felt delight in alleviating the sufferings of the wretched. In 1773, he
very actively promoted the establishment of a society for the relief of persons imprisoned for small
debts ; and afterwards travelled through many parts of England, examining and endeavouring to
correct the abuses prevailing in the system of imprisonment.
He married Elizabeth, eldest daughter of John Camden, Esq. of Battersea, in Surrey, who died 30
June, 179!, set. 36, and whom he panegyrised in a poetical effusion inscribed on her monument in
Battersea Church."
'The widow and son of Sir George Tlirockmorton, Knt. of Fulbrook. See page 271.
2 Register of the Dean and Canons. ^ ibid.
*See Marsh-Gibbon; also Wood's Fasti, vol. i. p. 136; and Willis's Buckingham, p. 243. ^ Cambridge Graduates.
6 Page 342, 344. t He was of St. John's College, Oxford ; A.M. 15Mar.l785; B. D. 15 May, 1790.
8 Tho' low in earth her beauteous frame decayed, Round her, blest Peace, thy constant vigils keep.
My faithful wife, my lov'd Eliza's laid ; And guard, fair Innocence, her sacred sleep ;
Graceful with ease, of sentiments reiin'd. Till the last trump shall wake th' exulting clay,
Her pleasing form, inclosed the purest mind. To bloom and triumph in eternal day."
Conjux moerens posuit.
Gent. Mag. vol. Ixii. pt. ii. p. 588, 9.
342 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
He was an officer in the Volunteer Infantry of this county, in 1804 ; High Sheriff of Bucks in 1804,
and many years in the Commission of the Peace for Bucks, Middlesex, Kent, Surrey, and the City and
Liberties of Westminster ; died 16 Feb. 1814, and was buried at Chelsea,' having been the autlior of
" The State of Prisons in England and Wales," &c. Lond. 1801 ; 2d ed. enlarged, 1802 : also, in
4to. with a portrait, 1812.- Seventy-seven Letters to John Coakley Lettsom, M. D. in the Gentleman's
Magazine.'
In 1778, the Dean and Canons of Windsor accepted an allotment under an Inclosure Act,* in lieu
of three yard-lands in the open fields of ]\Iarston, with meadows and tithe-pieces, as a compensation
for tithes and customary payments, and for extinguishing the vicarial tithes of orchards and gardens,
and, at the death of James Neild, Esq. the lease held under the Dean and Canons, with other pos-
sessions here, came by devise to his only surviving son, John Camden Neild, Esq. Barrister-at-Law,
of Cheyne-Walk, Chelsea, formerly of Trinity-Coll. Cambridge, A. B. 1801; A.M. 1804; a gen-
tleman of great opulence, who, among many instances of benevolence and patriotism, has considerately
made allotments to numerous labourers, of small portions of his lands here, and in many other
counties, to encourage industrious occupiers in spade husbandry, and to whom he also dispenses
rewards in proportion to the quantity of product raised.
THE PERPETUAL CURACY
is of the certified value of 33?. 15s. Orf. discharged from payment of first-fruits and tenths. By a
Terrier, dated 1 Aug. 1680, John Virgin, Minister ; there then belonged to the Curate a house of
six bays, a yard adjoining, two barns of fourteen bays, and two closes containing three acres ; with
90 acres, or three yard-lands in the common fields.^
In 1710, the stipend of the Curate was 32/. per ann, small tithes, by composition, 8s. for each
yard-land : the lessee of the Impropriation j^aying 20/, per ann. in lieu of small tithes, and the Dean
and Canons of Windsor Gl. per ann. in addition to 20/. bequeathed in 1660, by the will of William
Chamberlaine, D. D. Prebendary of Windsor, who died IS May, 1666. In 1730, the executors of
Edward Waddington, D. D. Bishop of Chichester, augmented this Curacy with 200/. to which, in
1732, an equal sum was contributed from Queen Anne's Bounty. In 1810, the Curacy was returned
at 66/. 10s. 0(/. afterwards at 71/. lis. 3(/. the glebe house " unfit for the residence of the Minister,
the patron refusing to repair it."'' In 1816, it was again augmented, by a parliamentary grant of
400/.' and ten acres of land in Oving, fifteen in Grandborough, and (in 1828) certain lands in North-
Marston were purchased therewith: the surplus being expended in the improvement of the house of
the Minister.
Robert; died Rector, in 12.33.8 Tliomas de Donstaple, 1261.
Alan de Swabey, presented by the Prior and Convent, Dominus Johannes de Schorne, occurs Rector in 1290.
of Dunstaple, and, as Willis sajs, again in 1235. On his Notwithstanding the fame of his sanctity, and his nu-
decease, merous miracles, no account seems to have been pre-
1 Gent. Mag. vol. Ixxxi. pt. i. p. 206, and vol. Ixxxvi. pt. ii. p. ,58.
= Another Portrait, which is a striking likeness, from a painting by De Wilde, was engraved by Maddocks, and in-
serted in Faulkner's Historical Description of Chelsea.
Mbid. vol. Ixxxiii. pt. ii. p. 1103. ■* Stat. 18 Geo. 111. c. 48. s Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl.
'' Account of Benefices, Sec. p. 131. " Hodgson's Account of Queen Anne's Bounty, p. 36'2.
" A. D. 1'233 : niortvio Roberto Rectore Ecclesiee de Merstona ad prsesentationem nostram substitutus Alaniis redditurus
nobis tmnuatim quinque libras, de quibus solvemus Hospitali quatuor marcas, [Chronic, de Dunstaple, 211.]
NORTH-MARSTON.
343
served of his family; but he was probably a Monk of
Christ-Church, in Canterbury; and in 1289 Rector of
Monks-Risborough; perhaps a native of Shorne, in
Kent.i His Will is very singular : —
Copia Testi Bti Johis de Shorne.
In nomine Dei, Amen. Anno a Nativitate ejusdem
M iij^viij nono die Maij — Cum ego Johes de Shorne
Rector Ecclie de Northemaston sanus mente & corpore
& in bona prosperitate pariter & senectute de miseria &
brevitate hujus vite cogitans aia advertenda ^ dierum
circulum & annor. revelacoe Diem mortis in munere
quem nullus mortahum poterit praeterire — Utile est michi
fore existimam testando mortem p'venire, ne forte pre-
occupatus die mortis querendi spacium testandi non
possum iiivenire. Ex hoc igitur salubri premeditatione
testando in hoc Testamento meo sic dispono trifarie, ut
reddam priusque sunt Dei Deo, que sunt terre solo terra,
que sunt hujus seculi bona partem relinquam pro ora-
toribus in mundo, partem ^ manus pauperum differendam
in celo, ut quot minus michi thesaurum in celo adhuc
vivus expleam vel defunctus. In primis ergo Omnipo-
tenti Deo animam meam quam creavit, filioq ; ejus
unigenito qui earn redemit, Spui sancto qui me vivificavit
et vivficabit. Bte Marie Bto Michi Archo et omnium
Angelorum et aliorum Sanctorum ordinibus suscipien-
dam & contra Spiritus nequitie defendendam, atq ; eor.
omnium Consortio lego p'henniter p'fruendam. Corpus
vero meum ciun p. exitum anime mee in terram fuerit
resolutum in Monumento meo ante Majus Altare Ecclie
mee predict exdum michi preparato Lego femorand. ut
ubi non poteris sed marcenarii gessit officium. Ibi sit
cibus vermium explete sequidem de potissima p'te ut
puto et corpora restant de ceteris hujus seculi bonis
disponere. AMEN.-
Stephen de Blound, instituted 16 Feb. 1314, on the
presentation of the Convent of Dunstaple ; and at his
resignation,
William de Enston, was instituted 5 April, 1.322, on
the same patronage, and was the last Rector.
John de Wotton, instituted to the Vicarage 25 Oct.
1335, then newly ordained ; being presented by the
Convent of Dunstaple.
Nigel de Salford, resigned ; and was succeeded by
John de Godwine, 29 May, 1349, on the presentation
of the Convent of Dunstaple ; and on his resignation,
John de Merston, 12 April 1399.
John Franklin, was presented 19 Oct. 1403, and ex-
changed for the Church of Prior's Hardwick, co. War-
wick, with
John Smith, 25 Sept. 1410 ; who resigned, and was
succeeded by
TVilliam Gerveyn, instituted 4 Feb. 1433.
Walter Budde, succeeded ; and on his resignation,
John Middleton, was instituted 11 Sept. 1452, on the
presentation of the Convent of Dunstaple. He was
buried here.
PERPETUAL CURATES.
Christopher Urswick, circ. 1490, is also sometimes
called Vicar.
Thomas Moreton, Curate, 1526.
Roger Smith, 1534.
John Robins, 1536.
Edward Bradbourne, 1545.
Henry Green, 1549.
Henry Dye, 1582, was afterwards Rector of Hogston.^
Edmund Coiodale, 1589. He had an estate at Bletchley ;
and was buried here, under the Vestry wall, 28 Sept.
1636; according to the directions of his will, dated 20
June preceding, and proved 4 October. He gave a
" Pightell, bought of John Breford, and then in the
tenure of Wilham Harte, to the use of the poor; that
yearly, on the Nativity of our Saviour Christ, there be
bought six loaves of baker's bread ; every loaf worth Gd.
to be given by the Overseers of the Poor and Church-
wardens, to six of the poorest widows ; and eight Qd.
loaves to the next poorest ; and this to endure for ever;
and the overplus to be bestowed, yearly, upon such as
are captives under the Turk, when any such brief shall
chance to come: but if this Pightell can not goe to
these uses, but the Poor be defrauded, either in whole
or in part, than it shall goe to every succeeding Minis-
ter of North-Marston, for ever."
The Testator bequeathed, "to Mrs. Sanders, wife
of M^ Docf. Sanders, John Fox's Acts and Monuments,"
and made his " wife Isabell sole executrix, Henry Stone-
hill and John Deverell, overseers" of his will.^
MoNKS-RlSBOROUGH.
2 Lansdowne MSS. 762, 2.
Willis's MSS. vol. xxxii. f. 82.
344
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
John Robinson, Perpetual Curate in 1636; was suc-
ceeded by
TFerittiwth.
Hannibal Barnes, 1638, occurs in 1656; and being
instituted to the Rectory of Oving,' resigned this bene-
fice, and was succeeded by
Oliver Tkorou(/h(/ood or Thurr/ood, who was licensed
6 Feb. 1661, and quitted this hving for Bow-Brickhill,
being succeeded by
John Virgin, A. B. admitted .30 July, 1663; who was
buried 6 Jan. 1694," in the Chancel.
Edward Sherrier, A. B. 1695. He was of St. Mary-
Hall, Oxford, A.M. 22 April, 1684. He had been re-
moved from the Rectory of Addington, for having "given
a bond to his Patron," and held this Curacy until 1696 ;
when taking advantage of another Simoniacal contract,''
which caused Thomas Danby, Rector of Shawell, co.
Leicester, to vacate that living ;' he was, 5 May, 1 696,
presented by the King, and held Shawell imtil his
death, about 1728; his successor here being
Richard Purchas, A.M. licensed 26 Sept. 1698, or,
1696 ; of Brazen-Nose-Coll. Oxon. A.M. 11 July, 1698;
died 29 Aug. 1742, and was buried here. His nephew
Purchas Denchfield, succeeded in 1742. He was
god-son of Edw. Waddington, D. D. Bishop of Chiches-
ter, lessee of the Impropriate Rectory, and died in
1 774 ; being succeeded by his son,
Richard Denchfield, A. B. licensed in 1775 ; who died
and was buried here.
William Pinnock, 1806. He had been previously
Rector of Great- Wolston f died in 1825, and was buried
here.
John Robert Pifjott. A. M. nominated by John Camden
Neild, Esq. lessee of the Impropriate Rectory; and
licensed 1826."
THE CHURCH,
at the north-east end of the village, on a rising ground, is dedicated to the Virgin Mary, and
consists of a nave with two aisles, a square tower at the west end, about 57 feet high, and a chancel
handsomely built in the florid Gothic style, with bracket-arched windows, mullions, and tracery, and
a south porch. The tower, nave, and chancel are embattled. The chancel has pinnacles on the
battlements, surmounted with vanes : the walls strengthened with graduated buttresses ; have a
cornice and frieze charged with numerous grotesque heads and figures of monsters, perhaps caricatures
of the monastic orders. The tower has also similar decorations. The windows of the nave are
square-headed, with mullions and cinquefoil-headed lights. The whole building about 95 feet long :
'SceOviNG. 2 Page 348. ^ Willis's Buckingham, p. 120.
* Danby was removed by Qicare impedit, in Easter term, 1696, having been presented by Thomas Pryor, Gent, (accord-
ing to a memorandum written by Sherrier) " under a wrong title." Nichols's Leicestershire. Shawell.
5 See Wolston. 6 ggg DoDDEnsH.\LL in Quainton, and Pedigree of Pigott.
NORTH-MARSTON.
345
the interior of the tower 17 feet square : the nave 35 feet long, and
the chancel 40 feet : the width of the nave and aisles 42^ feet ; of the
chancel 22|^. In the tower are five bells, a saint's bell, and a clock,
the dial of which is affixed to the west front.^ The principal entrance
is by a pointed arched door in the south porch. There are also
entrances at the west end, into the north aisle; and on the south side
of the chancel. At the east end of the chancel is a canopied niche,
having a pedestal for a statue, supported by an angel with expanded
wings. The window below has beautiful tracery, and many fragments
of painted glass. On the north side is a small vestry, in which is a
piscena under a canopy, projecting from the south wall. A spiral
staircase leads to an upper <;hantiber, in which is an aperture into the
chancel, perhaps for the use of the Acolythist, an officer whose duty
it was to light the tapers and lamps, and attend the officiating priest,
or for the priest himself waiting ,at the shrine of St. John Schorne.
In this apartment is a fire-place, so that it might have been a per-
manent lodging for the priest. In modern days it has been used as a
school-room ; and in Willis's time here was a small library, since
lost. It is said to have been erected by John Middleton, Vicar, but
the architecture so exactly corresponds with that of the chancel, as to admit of no doubt that they
were built at the same time.
Between the nave and aisles, are on each side two pointed arches : on the
north side, supported by a quadruple clustered column, and on the south by
pillars of diffijrent forms. On each side of the east window of the south
aisle is a niche, with a piscena under a pointed arch, of which the annexed is
the representation of the most perfect ; and in the wall below are square
cavities.'^ Willis also describes a carving of two horse-shoes and a haminer,
within a square in the roof, which is of wainscot in compartments ; the beams
supported on brackets, having sculptured representations of angels. On the
walls and gallery, at the west end of the nave, are texts from the Scriptures.
Over the south door, " Remember the Poor."'
Between the nave and chancel are the Creed, the Decalogue, and the
Lord's Prayer, above the remains of an old carved and gilt screen.
1 The first bell inscribed, " Sonoro, sono meo, sono deo ;" the second and third have the initials I. K. and 1627 ; the
fourth, " Richard Chandler made me, 1699;" and the tenor (recast in 1763), the names of the makers, Lester and
Pack, of London.
2 In this window were formerly these arms — 1. Az. a fess between three leopard's heads Or: an annulet for difference:
impaling Arg. a lion ramp. Az. crowned Or. 2. The sinister impalement of the former impaling Arg, a fess between
three crescents Gu. 3 impaling Vaire, three torteauxes. — Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon.
' It was enjoined, by the 82d Canon, that the Commandments should be set up at the east end of every church or chapel
where the people may best see and read the same, and other chosen sentences written upon the walls. This was
probably instead of more profuse decorations under the old form of worship ; but the Canon was perhaps seldom, if ever
strictly enforced, and the sentences have been gradually and almost generally disused.
VOL. I. 2 Y
346
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
The Font in the x. w. angle of the nave is large and octagonal :
its compartments sculptured with four vine-leaves, having their
tendrils or stalks intertwined in the centre : a rose with fasces : a
shield charged with three chalices or covered cups, perhaps the
arms of Boteler : two clubs raguled, in saltire, a cognizance of the
Nevilles. The bason is supported by a pedestal, to which are
attached four shields borne by angels.
The pulpit, removed from the south to the north side of the
nave, has a covering of purple cloth embroidered with silver ;
and
in the centre
within a nimbus ;
Behind the pulpit are the stairs leading to the rood loft.
Near the font, and partly covered by a pew, is a slab deprived of its brasses, excepting a narrow
fillet, with these words : —
Hie jacet Johes Virgine olim Balliv...
Novebris A' dni cccc
Willis read the date 3 Nov. 1450.
Near the east end of the north aisle, above an old manorial pew, formerly belonging to the family
of Saunders, is a marble tablet in memory of
" Sarah, wife of Richard Saunders, of Aylesbury, Gent, who died 26 Nov. 1749, aged 54 years: and of Richard
Saunders, who died 6 Dec. 1757, aged 56."
About two acres of land in Oving are annexed to the Curacy of North-Marston, on condition of
the Minister taking care to prevent the vault beneath being opened ; or, in de&ult, the land to
revert to the Lord of the Manor.'
THE SHRIXE OF ST. JOHX SCHORXE,
was, ])robably, not less famous than his Hohj Well; and, according to tradition, this chancel was
rebuilt out of the votive offerings of his devotees, which are said to have averaged 500/. per ami.
when money was of ten times its present value."
It is presumed that the shrine occupied a conspicuous situation in the chancel, perhaps near the
high altar, before which this pious person directed his interment.^ In 1478, Richard Beauchamp,
Bishop of Salisbury and Dean of Windsor, obtained a license from Pope Sixtus V. that he " might
remove the shrine where he pleased :" and he accordingly did remove it to Lincoln Chapel, in the
chapel of St. George, in Windsor Castle.^ The windows of the chancel long retained part of the
history of the saint ; and in one of them was his effigy with a boot under his arm, into which he was
squeezing a little puppet in the likeness of Satan, as he is vulgarly pourtrayed."
1 From Information of the late Rev. William Pinnock, Minister.
« Lysons's Magn. Brit. vol. i. p. 603. ' Page 343.
* Archives of the Dean and Canons of Windsor.
A very copious list of relics and ornaments, belonging to the church of Windsor, is preserved in the Monasticon ; but it
is difficult to discover whether any of them had been the relies of Schorne's shrine. As an eminent saint resorted to, for
the recovery of health, and for the accomplishment of religious vows, votive offerings of great value, and probably of
durable, if not imperishable materials, may be conjectured to have belonged to it. — See Fosbroke's Encydoped. p. 697.
5 See page 337; and Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon.
NORTH-MARSTON.
347
In the floor are several large slabs, from which brasses have been removed : one of them near the
middle of the chancel, probably covered the remains of Sir John Schorne. The inscription on another
was partly legible in the time of Willis ; " Orate pro aia Johis Middleton, Vicarii istius Ecclie :"
and on a label from the mouth of the effigy, " Sta prece Pauli : defendat me Gratia Christi.'
At the west end of the chancel are, on each side, three choral stalls, with folding seats, elaborately
carved with figures and foliage : and before them, on the n. and s. sides of the chancel, desks, also
carved, but with less elegance.
The wainscot of the ceiling over the communion-table is in pannels, each having in its centre a large
dependent knob or boss. The beams of the roof rest on brackets, supported by corbels carved with
doves, and angels bearing shields. Within the rails, on the south side, are three stone stalls or
sediles of equal height, with gothic pillars supporting a canopy or arcade divided into three portions,
vaulted and groined, with a rose in the centre of each division : but the pinnacles, crockets, and
beautiful tracery of the cornice have been defaced or mutilated by modern monumental tablets : and
until lately, a rude wooden desk was, during many years, placed within the pillars, with the Book of
Homilies, Erasmus's Coloquies, Parrie's Translation of Ursinus, Bishop Jewel's Works, and other
books.
On a brass plate affixed to the south wall ;
The body of Richard Sanders, Gent, who died A. D. 1602, aetatis 67.
Below, the portrait of a man kneeling, as here represented :
On a garter encircling a scull :
Sum quod eris fuerimo quod es.
The bones of a leg and foot, of a hand and arm, and two thigh bones saltire-wise, are sculp-
tured on the plate, at the bottom of which, is the following inscription, in Roman capitals : —
'Tis, as you see, nought but the spoiles of Death,
God's High Controller and impartial taker ;
Freehold we had of land, but none of breath,
All, one day, must resign unto their Maker.
I was the world's acquaintance in my time ;
Acquainted, and no more, so should ye be :
I had my part, as thou, perhaps, hast thine,
In wealth and friends, such as were fit for me.
I yielded up my reckoning when I died.
What wanted in the sum Christ's blood supplied.
Willis's MSS. in Bibl, Bodl. Oxen.
348
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
On a large bras
wall of the chancel :
plate, affixed to the north
In memory of Elizabeth Saunders, widow, who died
Feb. ]1. A. D. 1615, a^tatis suae 74.
Johan. Saunders, D'. of Physick,
D.D.
This small monument.
Though nor my skill, nor prayers, could save
Thyself, grave matron, from the grave ;
Yet he takes care thy virtues ly
Engraven in brass, and never dy.
I'll tell the world, and ever must,
Tliou wert pious, peaceful, good, and just ;
Tliat long thou liv'dst, and it appears.
As long in virtue, as in yeares :
And, so thou learnd'st to live and dy,
That now thou hv'st eternally.
On a brass, infixed in a blue slab, within the
communion rails :
FiLiA RicHARDi Sanders, legitima conjux.
Sanders et Cookson Richardique Thomge
QucB septem liberos peperit praidicto Richardo
Tantum duo gerit Elizabetha Thomae
Quae dedidit vitam Julii vicesimo quinto
Faucibus avaris postea sevi Lethi.
Anno Dom. 1656.
On a tablet of veined marble,
are records of the death of
on the north side.
Eleanor Saunders, an infant, 14 June, 1696.
Thomas Saunders, an infant, 18 Nov. 1699.
Thomas Saunders, Gent. 4 Jan. 1704, set. 44.
Elizabeth, widow and relict of Thomas Saunders,
3 April, 1744, aged 84.
In the middle of the north wall, on a brown
stone, is a hand carved, and pointing to the ground
with these words encircling it ;
He lise just downe thare.
Heare lieth the body of M^ John Virgin, Minister of
North-Marston, who deceased this hfe the 11"' day of
January, 1694, aged 77 years.
On a lozenge of white marble, on the north side :
In memory of Richard Purchas, late Minister of this
Parish, who departed this hfe, August 29"'. 1742,
aged 71.
On another, on the south side :
In memory of Purchas Denchfield, late Minister of
this Parish, who departed this life December 11"". 1774,
aged 59.
Rebecca, relict of the Rev. Purchas Denchfield, de-
parted this Hfe May 14"'. 1784, aged 66.
On another :
In memory of the Rev. Richard Denchfield, who de-
parted this hfe September, 29"'. 1803, aged 61 years.
At the east end of the chancel exteriorly, is a
tablet inscribed :
Opposite to this Tablet
rest the mortal Remains of
the Rev. W'". Pinnock,
who for the space of nineteen years,
continued to be the zealous and affectionate Pastor
of this, and the neighbouring Parish of Oving,
and died in the firmest rehance upon the atoning merits
of that Saviour
whom he had diligently and faithfully served
by a long and laborious Ministry,
March 20"'. 1825.i
The Register begins in 1587.
No burial is noted between 1642 and 1646 ; nor any marriage from 1642 to 1648.
Edward Oviate, called " an obstinate absentee,"" is recorded to have been buried in his orchard; as
was also his widow : but the place of their interment was only separated from the hallowed precincts
of the church-yard by a wall : and some suspicions are entertained that it was an encroachment on
the common burial-ground.
Joane Ingram, by will dated 11 Dec. 1519, directed her burial in the church: bequeathed for
tithes forgotten a cloth of diaper to the high altar ; to St 's Altar, a sheet, and screen of black
1 An enp;raving of the Church, from a sketch made on the suggestion and at the request of the writer of this History,
by Mr. William Pinnock, his eldest son (who died in Jamaica soon after having entered into holy orders) is inserted
in the Gentleman's Magazine, vol. xc. part ii. p. 580, accompanied with a description of the building,
2 la tlio Autograph of Purchas Denchfield, Perpetual Curate, between 1742 and 1774.
NORTH-MARSTON. 349
silk : to the Rood light, St. Katherine's, St. Christopher's, St. John's, St. Margaret's, St. Anne's,
small legacies : " to Master John Shorny's light, a pound of wax : to the Church, two sylver pieces to
drink wine, or make silver cruetts, and a lityll bell of sylver if it will :" to the sepulchre light a
pound of wax : to the highways of the parish five marks, and eight marks to a priest to sing ; and
a house to Nicholas Hall, with certain lands and closes, on condition of his giving 3s. 4:d. and 6s. 8d.
for Dirige, and Gs. Sd. to the poor.'
PAROCHIAL CHARITY.
A small close, charged with the payment of \Os,per ann. under the will of Edmund Cowdall, Perpetual Curate,"
was, in 1786, in the possession of John Monday; and since of White.
Page 343.
350 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
OAKLEY, OKELEY, OCLEY,
more anciently Acleia or Acklai, from the Saxon words signifying oak-trees, and a plain ; and
exactly descriptive of its situation, was included in Bernwode Forest, and Tichesele Hundred : about
six miles w. n. w. of the River Thame. The parish is bounded n. by Boarstall and Brill ; e. by Brill
and Chilton ; s. by Wormenhall and Ickford ; and w. by Oxfordshire, and contains about 2000 acres,
of which one-fifth part is computed to be in tillage. The soil is a deep tenacious dark clay, with
gravel and various loams.
THE MANOR,
at the Norman Survey, was certified by a jury of the Hundred, to be in the hands of Robert Fitz-
Walter, who held under Robert D'Oily for five hides and three virgates, equal to eight hides. The
land was sufficient for eight ploughs. In the demesne were three, and nine villeins with seven bordars
had four : here were three servants, woods for two hundred hogs (besides the King's park), altogether
worth 6/. ; in the time of King Edward, 11. Alwid, a damsel who had taught the daughter of Godric
the Viscount the art of embroidering in gold, held half a hide, which he gave her during his shrievalty,
besides two hides of the king's demesne, which she held with power of alienation.'
Alwid is supposed to have been the same lady who held lands in Wiltshire, under the name of
Leuide, embroiderer to the King and Queen." This estate had been part of the inheritance of the
heiress of Wigo de Walingford', but it is not clear whether Robert Fitz-Walter, the subfeudatory of
Robert D'Oily at the time of the Survey, was an ancestor of the Barons Fitz-Walter. He could not
have been the same Robert mentioned by Dugdale as living in the reign of Henry HI. and his tenure
had been extinguished at least, soon after the second marriage of Maud to Brian Fitz-Count ; for
before 1116, Brian had enfeoflfed Osmund Basset in a knight's fee here: which was afterwards con-
firmed, with other lands,* by King John to William Basset, called the son and heir oi John, and grandson
of the said Osmund Basset. Dugdale mentions Thomas Basset of HedemJon, co. Oxon. as having
"married Alice de Dunstanville :"^ says that he was fiither of Alan Basset of Wycombe, but seems to
have omitted John. William Basset had a farther confirmation of his lands in 1207 ;" and in 1229,
1 Terra Robert! De Oilgi. In Tichessele Hvnd. Robt'. filius Walteri ten' de Robto. Achelei p. v. hid', et iii. uirg' se
defd'. Tra'. e. vii. car. In dnio sunt. iii. et ix. uilli cu vii. bord'. hnt. iiii. car. Ibi in. serui. silua. co. pore', nisi, eet
parous regis in quo jacet. In totis. ualent' ual et ualuit. vi. lib'. T. R. E : vii. lib. Hse. v. hidae et iii. uirgse suntviii.
hidoe. De his tenuit Aluuid puella. ii. hide quas potuit dare 't uende' oui uoluit. et de dnioa firraa regis. E. habuit ipsa
diin hida qua Godric' uicecom' ei ccesset quadiu. uicecom' ctt iit ilia dooeret filia ej' Aurifrisiu opari. Hano tra ten', m"
Robt'. filius Walteri. testante hundret. Lib. Censual. vol. i. f. 149.
2 "Fecit et faoit Aurifrisium Regis et Reginae." Introduction to Doomsday, p. Ixxxv. ' Paire 17.
^Johannes D. G. &c. sciatis nos concessisse, &c. Will. Basset HI. et hered. Johannis Basset fil. Osmundi, fedum
unum Milit. cum pert, in Okelee quod prtedictus Osmundus habuit ex dono Briani Filii comitis et prsetereaquartam partem
feodi i\Iilit. in Ipsden, &c. Concessimus et confirniavinuis cidem Willielrao et heeredibus suis procreatis de Cecilia de
Dunstanvil quondam uxorc sua, &o. Dat. xxvi. Feb. 8. Joh. [Dodsworth's MSS. vol. Iiii. f. 13. Also Lib. Nig. Scac.
vol. i. f. 18.5.]
5 Baronage, torn. i. p. 383. 6 Kennct's Antiquities, vol. i. p. 237, and Dugdale's MSS. vol. ii. p. 96.
OAKLEY. 351
the lands of Alan Basset (whom Dugdale calls the son of the first Thomas) conveyed his estate here
to William Fitz-Elias/ whose father of the same name, acquired lands of John Morell, in Oakley, in
the beginning of the reign of Henry III." for which William (the son) paid one hundred shillings as
his relief in 1227, (11 Hen. HI.) as a knight's fee of the Honour of Walingford.^ In 1235, part of
the property of Fitz-Elias was conveyed to Robert Fitz-Richard and John Fitz-Nige), and part to
Richard le Turner and Walter le Clerk.* Other lands here were likewise passed by fines in the suc-
ceeding reigns, between Agatha wife of Thomas de Hertford, and William son of Agatha Richewalle,
of Oxford, by which an estate was settled in remainder, on Thomas de Hertford and Agatha his wife,
and their heirs ;^ between John le Brayne and Margery his wife, and Henry Saundres oi Dodet-eshall,
and Alice his wife.'' In 1257, on payment of ten marks, John Fitz-Nigel obtained a grant from the
Crown, of lands here, at the annual rent of one pound of cloves, payable at Easter.'^ He held two
virgates in capite, and, about 1282, purchased other lands of Baldwin, son of Roger de Tingewick ;
the whole estate being settled after the death of John Fitz-Nigel in 1288, on his son John whose
widow Isabel," in 1305, quitted claim of dower in the lands of Oakley, which were settled on her
daughter Joane at her marriage to Sir John de Handlo ; who in 1319, purchased part of Birchmore
Meadow of William le Boar-ward of Oakley,^ and in 1345, entailed this manor in remainder on Edmund
his grandson,^" after whose death in 1358,'^ it descended with Boarstall,^" until it came to Robert
James, Esq. in right of his marriage ;" and by his second wife Maud, part of the estate of the family of
Fitz-Elias, her ancestors, was added to it.
In 1338, Robert Fitz-Elias and Margaret his wife had passed a fine, and settled their estate in
remainder, on John, brother of Thomas de Bruley, William, another brother, and ultimately on John
de Bruley son of William, and Bona wife of the said John.'* Margaret, widow of Robert Fitz-Elias,
died seized in 1375,'^ and in 1413, John Fitz-Elias granted his estate here to Thomas Chaucer and John
Golafre,'*^ William Bruley and John Tyrrell, Esqrs. in trust for Joane his wife, for life, with remainder
to her heirs, remainder over to Robert James, Esq. and his heirs ;''' and, in 1417, (5 Hen. V.) William
Bruley conveyed the remainder after the death of John Fitz-Elias, to Robert James, who in 1430
died seised ; and Maud his widow, in 1435, granted to Robert Wyfold of Boarstall, William
Adyngrave of Ludgershall, and William Fitz- Walter of Wendlebury, co. Oxon. six virgates of land
here, called Sat/tons, which had been purchased of Walter Cotton, William Motte, and John Boys ;'" and
about five years after her death'^ John Chastillon and Margery his wife in 1442 passed a fine of lands
here, to Edmund Hampden, Thomas Ramsay, Richard Drayton, Esquires, John Durham, Edward
Medmenham and John Lee, to the use of Hampden in settlement, probably on the marriage of
Thomas Ramsay, Esq. of Hitcham, with Isabella, daughter of Edmund Hampden, widow of John
Wroughton, and sister of Sir Edmund Hampden, Knight of Beckley, co. Oxon.""
In 1489, lands in Oakley were included in a fine between Sir Edmund Hastings, Knt. Lord
Hastings, and Richard St. Maur, and Margaret his wife,^' and belonged to the same family until
Robert Brown, in 1549, passed a fine with Francis and Catherine, Earl and Countess of Huntingdon,
of an estate here.
1 Rot. Fin. 14 Hen. III. = Rot. Fin. 4 Hen. HI. ^ Paroch. Antiq. vol. i. p. 285.
* Rot. Fin. 20. Hen. HI. 5 ibid. 4. Ed. II. 6 ibid. 10. Ed. III. ? Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. i. p. 357.
8 Boarstall, p. 66. a Boarstall Chartulary, f. 44 ; Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. i p. 545.
10 Rot. Fin. 19. Ed. III. " Esc. 32. Ed. III. n°. 36 ; Cal. vol. ii. p. 207. i^ See Boarstall, p. 60.
!■! Ibid. 1^ Rot. Fin. 12. Ed. III. Willis's MSS. is Esc. 49. Ed. III. n°. 54 ; Cal. vol. ii. p. 341.
16 See p. 61.
17 Witnesses Dom. Will. Lyle, Milit. Ric. de Grenevyle, &c. apud Waterpury, 1 Hen. V. Rennet's Paroch. Antiq.
vol. ii. p. 222.
18 Test. 14. Hen. VI. Boarstall Chartulary, f. 89 ; Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 321. i9 Ibid. p. 324.
so Pedigree of Hampden, and Rot. Fin. 21. Hen. VI. ^i Rot. Fin. 14. Hen. VII. and Brill, p. 100.
352
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Other lands in Oakley were in the possession of William Camelys, afterwards of Roger le Warde,
who enfeoffed Hugh Tanner, one of the King's Foresters, and the latter in 1369 (43 Ed. HI.) sold his
right to John Claydon, by whose feoffment the estate came to John Burgess of Oakley, and by him,
in 1399, (23 Ric. HI.) to John Boys of Brill, whose immediate successors therein have not been
discovered.
The manor passed afterwards (with Wormenhall) to the Ingletons of Thornton. Jane, daughter
and sole heiress of Robert Ingleton, Esq. after her father's death in 1503, was a ward of Sir Richard
Empson, Knt. who being attainted in 1509, the minor was entrusted to George Talbot, Earl of
Shrewsbury, by whom, in 1514, that charge was relinquished to John Bradbury of London, and James
Bodley of W aid en in Essex, whose cousin Humphrey Tyrrell, married the ward in 1519, and after
the death of Sibill, widow of George Ingleton, Esq. (who held Oakley in dower) her daughter Jane
Tyrrell, then a widow, succeeded to this estate ; and about 1550, with George Tyrrell her son and
heir, conveyed large estates in Bucks, Bedford, and Northamptonshire, to divers purchasers ;' and in
1551, the manor of Oakley was settled on George Tyrrell," who in 1558, mortgaged this estate to
Thomas Tipping, Esq of Shabbington,^ but died seised of the manor, 9 messuages, 4 cottages, 300
acres of land, 100 of meadow, 100 of pasture, and 150 of wood, in Oakley and Brill, held of the King
as of his Honour of Walingford by fealty at 2s. per arm. for all services.* The descent of the Tyrrells
is shewn in the following Pedigree : —
PEDIGREE OF TYRRELL, of OAKLEY.
Arms : Arg. within a bordure eng^'ailed, two chevrons Az
Ciicst : On a wreath,
a peacock's tail proper.
; Arg. tusked Or. in his moutii
• Tyrrell, Esq. of Thornton ;
EEOfTYRntLLOfTH„flNTON.]
mar. 1
I St. 55
sole dau. andhr. of Robert Ingleton, Esq. of Thornton,
519; 2dly to Alexander St. John, Esq. ob. 1557,
bur. 24 April, at Thornton.
Eleanor, dau. of Sir Edw. Montague, Knt.=
Ch. Just, of England, temp. Hen. 8. by his third
wife, Eleanor dau. of JohnRoper, Esq. Atty. Gen.
[Colhns, vol. i. p. 188.]
:George TvunELL, Esq. only son, held the Manor of Oak-=p]\lAnGERV Co
ley : ob. 10 May, bur. at Thornton, 17 May, 1570. I of Cheshire.
[Willis's Buck. p. 311.]
Makt, dau. of Benedict Lee, Esq. of=pSiii EhwaiidTvrhell, Knt. eld. son
Hulcot. mar. 20 Jan. 1571: ob. inpuerp. I Thornton and Leckhampstead
18 Apl. 1579, bur. 30 April, at Thorn- ingham. Ob. 29 Jan,
ton. ton, 2 Feb.
eld. son and hr. of=j=MAnG;
i; M. P. for Buck- Aston,
.32, bur. at Thorn- relict (
I ob. 16;
RFT, dau. of Tho.
of Aston, CO. Cest.
of Timothy Egerton ;
632, bur. at Thornton.
.Tane, mar. to Matthew Claveror
Cleaver, of Foxcote. 2dlytoJohn
Phillips or Philips, as his second
wife. [Willis's Buck.]
"
Sir Timothy
Eleanor, dau.
of Sir
JonNTvR- S.K Thomas
Penelore, mar. to Capt. Gardiner.
T.nREi.L,Knt.=
pWill. Kingsmil
, Knt. of
reel, Capt. Tvni.Ei L, Knt.
Frances, mar. to Sir Edw. Brough-
of Oakley ;
Sidmanton, co.
Hants. ;
in the Army Col. in theParlia-
ton.
Tybhells
INlast, of the
mar. at Marwonh, 22
in Flanders, mentary Army,
Phuippa, mar. to John Nourse, of
of
Buck-hounds
Aug. 1613, bur
. at
Ob. s. p. afterwards, Just.
Wood-Eaton, co. Oxon.
to Chas. 1. ob.
Thornton, 1 Sept. 1622.
[Willis's Com. PI. ances-
TiiEODosiA.born 12 War. 1586,mar.
1632, bur. 18
[iMarsworth
Reeist.
Buck.p.298.] tor oftheTvR-
to Edw. West, ofWarsworth.
Dec. at Thorn-
and Willis's Buckingham
RELISofCASILE-
Bridget, b.l595, mar. to SirWm.
ton.
p. 298.]
X
Saunderson. [MSS. Cooke.]
S,RT'.>,OX„vTvn- EL.ZARE,
~^
HaLvTvr-
Catharine,
Charlks
TvR- William TvR- Eleanor, mar. to Peter Temple, of Stan-
rell, Knt. of Oakley=
psole dau.
and
RELL,0fWhad-=
f=dau.ofSirlohn
rell, ob
coelebs RILL, killed 1644 t
5n-BaiTy.
andShotover, Gent.of
hr.ofjam
es
don, ob. 1704,
Thompson, of
19 Mar.
694, a-t. [Cioke's Geneal. Br
DGET, ob. innupt.
Privy Chamb.toChas.
Usher, D
D.
bur. at Thorn-
Hursbom-
69, bur.
at Stan- Tab. 37.J Ma
ry, mar. to Sir Walter Pye, at Leck-
1.; Gov. of Cardiff ;
Archbishop of
ton.
Crawley, co.
ton-barry
h
ampstead, 29 April, 1646.
[MSS. Cooke.]
Gen. of the Ordnance.
Armagh;
ob.
Beds;ob.l713
Ob. 23 Oct. 1701, set.
1693, bur
at
bur. at Thorn-
.irc. 84. bur. at Oak-
Oakley.
ton, 21 I\lar.
■
CatiiariW,, mar. to Henry Edlin.
a
Eleanor, ob. innupt.
1 MSS. in the possession of William Selby-Lowndes. Esq. of Whaddon Hall. « Willis's Buckingham, p. 297, 303.
s Willis's MSS. •* II). p. '298. Esc. 15. Eliz. Test. 29 July.
OAKLEY.
353
James Tvrrell,
boml643;ofQu.=
Coll. Oxon. A.M.
1663; Commissr.
of the Privy Seal;
ob. 7 June, 1718,
bur. at Oakley.
Mary, sole dau. John Tyrrell,
«f Sir Michael Capt. R.N. Ad-
Hutehinson, Knt. miral in the East-
of Fladbury, co. Indies ; ob. 1692,
Wore. ob. 1687, bur. at Oakley,
bur. at Oakley. aet. 46.
Usher Tyr-
rell, went to
Jamaica.
[Willis's MSS]
mar. dau. of
Van Tromp.
[Croke's Ge-
neal. Tab. n.37
James Tyrreli, Esq. Col. . . Reg. 1732; Brig-
General, 1732; Gov. of Tilbury Fort, CO. Essex,
1737; Lt.-Gen. 1739; Gov. of Berwick, 1741;
JI.P. for Boroughbridge, 1741 ; ob. coelebs 30
Aug. 1742, bur. at Oakley, ait. 68.
JuuiTH, Ob. innupt
Mary, mar. to John Aldworth Esq.
ofRuscomb,viv. 1745.
mar. to ....
Stapleton
Iargery, ob.innupta.27 Feb. 1686, bur. at Oakley.
;liz. mar. to Philip Hoby, of Bisham.
lA[tv,mar. to Hen. Cavendish, of Dovcridge, co. Derby.
'ENELOPE, mar. to Sir James Russell, of St. Nevis.
LEA NOR, mar. to Charles 2d son of Sir Henry Blount,
of Tittenhanger.
RiDCET, mar. to S. Byrch, of Whitbome.
[Croke's Geneal. Tab. 37.]
Sir Timothy Tyrrel, Knt. grandson of George, obtained of the King a grant in fee of this Manor of
Oakley,' and Sir Timothy Tyrrell, his son and successor, the second of those names, married the only
daughter of Archbishop Usher, who being driven out of Ireland in the Rebellion, and afterwards
deprived of the Temporalities of the See of Carlisle, (given to him as some compensation for his losses)
was affectionately sheltered by his son-in-law, who was Governor of Cardiff Castle, and General of the
Ordnance.
About 1634, the greater part of Oakley was enclosed during the possession of Sir Timothy Tyrrell,
who afterwards paid 7501. 12s. to preserve his estate from confiscation.^
PEDIGREE OF CADOGAN, BARON CADOGAN of OAKLEY, and of READING,
VISCOUNT CHELSEA, and EARL CADOGAN.
Arms: S. 3 spear-heads erect Arg. embrued Gu.
But according to the Books at the Herald's College : —
chevron Or. as many battle-axes Az. — Cadogan
Quarterly 1 and 4 Gu. a Lion ramp, regardant 0. Cadogan. 2
Head, Vert. Supporters : DeTter, a Lion regardant Or. Sinist
ter flory Gu. Motto, " Qui invidet minor est."
3 Arg. three Boar's heads couped S. Crest : Out of a Ducal Coronet Or, a Dragon's
, Dragon regardant wings elevated Vert, each gorged with a double tressure flory coun-
Henrt Cadogan, of Llanbedr,co. Glamorgan, 2 son of William Cadogan, of Toedry, co. Mon-=pCATHAHiNE, dau.ofTho. Stradling, of St. Donats
mouth, descended from Kehdlyn Prince of Powis, and Reinger dau. and hr. of Tydyr Trevor Castle, Glamorgan.
Prince of Ferley. )
1
•.=j=BRmGET,dau.of SirHardress Waller, Knt. by Eliz. 2d.
andco-h.of Sir John Dowdall, Knt.ob.23 Dec. 1722.
William Cadogan, Col. 1694; Qr.-Mast-Gen. 170
Col. of Horse, 1 703 ; Brig.-Gen. 25 Aug. 1704; M.P.
for Woodstock, 1705, 8, 10, 13; at the Battles ofSchel-
lenberg and Hockstet; Minister to the Netherlands,
1706; Maj.-Gen. 10 Jan. 1708, 9; Envoy Ext. to the
Netherlands, 1 Geo. 1. ; Gov. Isle of Wight, 1715;
K.T. 1716; Baron Cadogan of Reading, 21 June,
1716; Earl Cadogan, Viscount Caversham, and Baron
Cadogan of Oakley, co. Bucks. High Steward of
Readmg, 1721 ; Rlast.-Gen. of Ordnance, 8 June,
1722 ; Col. 1st Foot-Guards, one of the Lords Justices,
1723 ; Mast, of the Robes to the King. Ob. 17 July,
1726.
=i=MARGARETTA, 2. CviARLEs Cadogan, 2d Baron Cadogau,:
Cecilia, dau. of ofOakley, M.P. for Reading, 1 Geo. 1.
Will. Manter, Newport I. W. 1722; Col. 2d. Foot-
Counsellor of Guards ; afterwards of the King's Own ;
Amsterdam, by also, Col of Dragoons, 1 734 ; Brig.-Gen.
Cecilia Trap. 18Dec.l735; Maj.-Gen.l7 July,1739;
Ob. at the Col. 2d Horse-Guards, 1743; Lt.-Gen.
Hague, Aug. 1745; Gov. of Sheemess, 1749; of
1749-50. Gravesend and Tilbury Fort, June,
1752; Gen. of Cavalry, 1761; Trustee
of Brit. Mus. Ob. 24 Sept. 1 776, st. 85,
bur. 30 Sept. at Caversham, Berks.
:ELI2AllETH,2d PtNElOPE,
dau. and co-h. of mar. to Sir'I'ho
Sir Hans Sloane, Prendergast,
BarUM.D. Pres. Knt.
Coll. Physic. Ob.
20 May, 1768,
bur. at Chelsea.
Lady Sarah, mar. to Cha. Lennox, 2nd D.
of Richmond.
Lady Margaret, mar. to Lord Cha. John
Bentinck, 2nd son of William Earl of Port-
land, by his second wife.
Frances Bromley, dau.=j=CHARLEs S;
of Henry Lord Monfort.
mar. 28 May, 1747 ; ob.
25 i\lay, 1768, bur. 30,
at Caversham.
.P. for Cambridge, 1749,54,64; Treasurer
to Pr. Edw. Duke of York, 1756; Surv. ofllie
King's Gardens and Waters, 1764 ; Mast, of the
Mint. 1769; Earl Cadogan Viscount Chelsea,
27 Dec. 1800 : ob. 3 April, 1807.
b. 25 Sept. 1728;=t=Marv, eld. dau. of Cha.
Churchill, Esq. by Lady
MaryWalpole, dau. of Rob.
Earl of Oxford; mar. 10
Aug. 1777 ; mar. dissolved,
April, 1796.
1 Archives of his Grace the Duke of Marlborough at Woodstock.
* Catalogue of Lords, Knights, and Gentlemen, who compounded for their estates, 1655.
VOL. 1. 2 z
354
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
1. Cha.
2. William =
=Jane,
3. Thos.
Gecice,
EUH'AIID
Henhv-
Mary-
Henry
gLroe ==
Henry
BnCMLEY
wid.of
Cadooan
Cadocan,
Cadocan,
W.LHAB
Fran-
Cado.an,
Cadocan,
Cadooav
Cadogan, b.
b. 26 Jan.
b. 1 Dec.
b. 12 Dec.
CAnOCAN,
CES,
b. 26 Feb.
b. 5 May,
Earl Ca-
11 Jan. 1750 ;
i?ml-
bap. 10
bap. 14
bap. 15,
b. 25 Mar.
sole
1780;
1783;
do,an,.e.
bap. 25. A.M.
shaw,
Feb.
1754;
1758:
bap. 11
dau.
Lt.-Col.
Capt.R.N
ofCh.Ch.
Esq.
1752 ;
killed in
Capt. of
April,
bap. 9
of71st
Baron
Nov. bap.
13 Dec.
Oxon. 5 July,
mar. 4
lost in
India,
Infantry ;
1761; ob.
bur. 21
Regt.
Oakley,
1776, Rect. of
Dec.
H.M.S.
1780.
ob. at St.
3Auo;.
Mar.
killed, 21
of Cavers-
1749; ob.
Chelsea, Vic.
1782,
Glorieux,
coelebs.
Lucia,
1774, bur.
1756,
July,
ham, CO.
1832.
of St. Giles,
ob.l9
1782;
1779,
at Cavers.
at Ca-
1812, at
Oxon. 7
coelebs.
Reading. Ob.
18 Jan. 1797,
March,
coelebs.
coelebs.
ham.
vers-
the Battle
Sept.
1827,
ham.
of Victoria
1831; and
s. p. bur. at
Reading.
vidua.
Earl
Cadogan.
Honora-
LoursA,
young,
dau. of
Jos. Blake
Esq. of
Ardfoy,
CO. Gal-
way;
sist. of
Joseph
Henry
Lord
Walls-
court;
mar. 4
March,
EnWARD
Cadogan, b. 25
Apl.l739,at
St. George's
Hanover.-Sq.
London.
1803; mar. to
the Hon. Sir
Henry Welles-
ley, aft. Lord
Cowley ; mar.
dissolved ;mar.
2dly to Henry
Marq. of An-
glesey.
Louisa, young,
dau.
In 1649, Sir Timothy Tyrrell, Knt. Dame Elizabeth his wife, Toby Tyrrell, Esq. and others, by
deed conveyed to George HoUyman of Oakley, Yeoman, a messuage and lands, called Blacklands in
Oakley.
James Tyrrell, Esq. eldest son of the second Sir Timothy, was distinguished by his learning and
accomplishments ; and was the father of another James Tyrrell, an eminent military officer in the
reign of William III. and Queen Anne. James Tyrrell joined with his father in conveying this manor
and Estate, 27 March 1707, to William Cadogan, Esq.' to whose family this village gave the title of
Baron in the person of William Cadogan, grandson of the purchaser.
AROXY OF CADOGAN.
In the patent of AVilliam, First Lord Cadogan of Reading, amongst his qualifications are enume-
rated, his illustrious descent, noble manners, easy address, sweetness of disposition, fidelity to his
friends, loyalty to his King, perseverance in public affairs, regard for the liberties of his country,
bravery in war, and wisdom and magnanimity as a statesman. By a new patent, dated 8 May, 4 Geo. I.
he was created Baron of Oakley, Viscount Caversham and Earl of Cadogan, with remainder in the
Barony of Oakley to his brother Charles," who in 1726, succeeded to that title: and by Deed,
8 May, 1730, conveyed this manor and estate to Sarah Duchess of Marlborough, Francis Earl of
Godolphin, ^\'illiam Clayton, Esq. (afterwards Lord Siindon) and John Hanbury, Executors of the
will of John Duke of Marlborough, K.G. Oakley having continued in the possession of the successive
Dukes of Marlborough until 1812, was then conveyed by George Duke of Marlborough, K.G. to
Thomas Coutts, Banker in the Strand, and James Blackstone, Esq. in trust, to be sold. In November
1815, the manor with 220 acres, was purchased by Robert Polhill, Esq. of Chipstead, co. Surrey, and
the rest of the lands disposed of: John Parsons and William Higgs, being considerable purchasers.
Robert Polhill dying 28 Jan. 1817, his brother, Edward Polhill, Esq. succeeded to the manor and
estate; and in 1819, had an allotment under an Inclosure Act, of one sixteenth part of the commons,
and soon afterwards the manor and royalty were conveyed to Sir John Aubrey, Bart.^ and at his
decease, passed by will to Elizabeth Sophia, wife of Charles Spencer Ricketts, Esq. with remainders
to her heirs in strict settlement : certain lands severed from the manor and reserved, still remaining
the property of Edward Polhill, Esq.
1 Aictiives of his Grace George Duke of Marlborough, at Woodstock.
== CoHins's Peerage, vol iv. p. 304.
See BoAHSTALL, Brill, and Doiiton,
OAKLEY. 355
In or about 1680, certain lands here were made part of the endowment of an Almshouse at
Edgeware, co. Middlesex, founded by Samuel Atkins, Esq. for four poor widows.
Tka?ne-Ahbey Lands, in 1234, entitled the possessors to agistment in BrehuU Forest : and John de
Nevil, Justice of the Forests, was commanded to make such allowance as had been customary.^
Nolley-Ahhey Lands, after the dissolution of monasteries, were granted to Sir John Williams, Knt.
and his heirs, under the name of Well-fields, in Brill and Oakley, subject to the payment of
\l. 9s. 8d. per ann."
Lands of Trinity-College, Oxford, were purchased in or about 1607,^ partly with a legacy of 500Z.
bequeathed for the foundation of a scholarship, by John Whetston, merchant of Rodden, co. Dorset,
at the request of Ralph Ironside, father of Gilbert, Bishop of Bristol, and obtained (after a delay of
six years) not without difficulty from his executor.
In 1632, the college estate consisted of three small closes and certain tenements; with right of
common in Bcrnwode Forest, for which an allotment of about five acres was accepted under the
Inclosure Act, which subject to land-tax of 2/. 12s. per ann. are vested in the President, Fellows, and
Scholars, of Trinity College.
THE VILLAGE,
situated s. w. of Brill-Hill, consists of mere cottages. In the taxation called the Ninth's, temp. Ed. III.
Oakley Brill and Boarstall were assessed together at 40 marks : John Tolous of Brehull, John le
Northerne, Will. Tolous, John Clere, Richard Roger, Hugh at Hurne, assessors, certifying that the
beans and peas were deficient in consequence of the dry summer, the crops of the church-lands,
averaging only 100s. per ann.*
In 1598, Oakley was assessed to the provision for the Queen's household, at 24s. Id.^
In 1712, land-tax of Oakley, including part of Studley, Adingrave and Ixhill, 269/. 13s. Id. In
1825, Oakley alone, 197/. lis. M. Manorial estate of Edw. Polhill, Esq. 57/. 9s. 6c/. of Sir John
Aubrey, Bart. 23/. Is. Id. Lands of his Grace the Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, 16/. Is. Gd. —
of Rev. Thos. Snell, 12/. 3s. 6d.
In 1815, Poor-rates, 525/. Property-tax assessed on 3,059/. Poor-rates in 1776, returned at
42/. 19s. 4f/. In 1783, increased to 155/. Os. 2d. In 1785, Avere 122/. 7s. 6f/. In 1824, 542/. 5s.
In 1811, the number of inhabitants 305 : in 1811, 382: in 1821, 340: by another return 382,
comprising 182 males and 200 females, inhabiting 77 houses.
In 1622, an allotment of lands in Boarstall was made to the inhabitants of Oakley and Brill, con-
jointly, in lieu of cottage commons in the Forest of Bcrnwode, and expressed to be " not of right,
but proceeding from his Majesty's generous bounty."''
THE ADVOWSON, IMPROPRIATE-RECTORY, AND VICARAGE.
The Empress Maud, about 1142, granted Oakley church, with its chapels of Brill, Boarstall and
Adingrave, to the monks of St. Frideswides, in Oxford.^
' Rot. Claus. 19 Hen. III. "- Rot. Pat. 31 Hen. VHI. See also p. 106. 3 Ayliffe's Oxon. vol. i. p. 414.
i Inquis. Nonar. p. 339. ^ Rot. 42. Eliz. 6 Stat. 26 Geo. 111. See also Brill.
7 Matilda Imperatrix, Henrici Filia et Anglorum Domina, Episcopo Lincolniensi et omnibus fidelibus suis Francis et
Anglis S. Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse Ecclesiae sanctaj Frideswidse Oxoniee et Canonicis ibidem Deo servientibus
ecclesiam de Aclieleia cum capellis et omnibus rebus ad easdem pertinentibus, scilicet capellam de Brehulla et capellam
de Borstalle et de Edigrave pro anima patris mei et matris mete et omnium prfedecessorum meorum et pro salute mea et
Sliorum meorum et stabilitate regni mei. Quare volo, &c, Monast. Anglic, vol. ii. p. 146. See also Brill, p. 108.
356 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
The Bishop of Lincohi assented to the appropriation of the rectory by the convent : and Pope
Adrian confirmed by a Bull directed to his " beloved sons Robert, Prior of St. Frideswides and the
Canons, the donations of former benefactors, including Oakley church, and its three chapels.'" In
1 1 98, Turstan Basset quitted claim to the Prior of Chaudewell and his successors, in respect to this
advowson.- A dispute of the right of patronage between King Henry HI. and the Prior and Canons
of St. Frideswide having terminated in 1221, by a decision in the King's favour, the convent obtained
letters from the Pope, who appointed delegates to examine the cause f but their meeting was pro-
hibited by the King, who exercised the right of patronage.^ Three several Bulls were issued by Pope
Honorius HI. in the .3d, 5th and 7th years of his Pontificate, to assert the rights of St. Frideswide's
Monastery,^ against all appeals to and prohibitions of the King \^ and at length the contest was ter-
minated in favour of the Convent, and (19 Edw. I.) the Sheriff was commanded to give seisin of the
advowson, accordingly,^ and the Monks obtained licence from the Bishop of Lincoln to re-enter upon
the impropriation on the next avoidance.'' William de Whythington, or Wydington, Rector, resigned
the living 11 March, 1326. Sir John, Vicar of Winchendon, and Rural Sub-Dean of Waddesdon,
William de Warmeston, and John Brun being present, and witnesses ; and the Sub-Dean by a mandate
of the Bishop, immediately inducted the Prior and Canons of St. Frideswide by their proxy, John de
Abingdon, into the actual possession of the church, with its chapels.
In 132S, the incumbent disputed with the Convent of St. Frideswide and the Rector of Beckley,
respecting the tithes of Godstowe Wood, to which the Convent and the Rector of Oakley were
adjudged to be entitled, as within this parish ; and the settlement was afterwards ratified by Henry
Bishop of Lincoln, by Charter, dated at Buckden.'-' The Convent disputed in 1309, with Thomas
Agath of Oakley, certain lands granted by one of his predecessors ; and soon afterwards, with Sir
John Maltravers, the King's Forester, the tithes of underwood.'" In 1338, the advowson was in-
cluded in a fine of certain Manors settled for life on Sir John de Molyns, with remainder to his sons
John and William successively, and their respective heirs ;" and soon afterwards. Sir John de Molyns
released all his rights as patron, to the Prior and Convent of St. Frideswide, by deed sealed at Oxford,
4. Feb. 12 Ed. III.'^
In the reign of Henry VI. in another dispute, reference was made to the verdict taken in the time
of Edward HI. in which the descent of the estate was set forth, and proof given that Molyns exercised
his right of patronage."
1 Monast. Anglie. vol. ii. p. 147. " Placit. 10 Ric. I. ro. 26. Abbrev. p. 7. ^ Prynne's Collect, torn. ii. p. 381.
■* BlULL, p. 108.
■5 Regist. St. Frideswide MS. Cart. 431 ; Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. i. p. 269 ; Monast, Anglic, vol. ii. p. 135.
" Norvvicensi electo camerario nostro Apostolicae sedis legato Salutem et Apost. benedictioneni. Ex Uteris Abbatis des.
Albano intelleximus quod causa quee inter Prioreni etCanonicos S. Frideswidre ex una parte et W. filium Richardi Cle-
ricum Dioc. Lincoln, ex altera vertitur super ecclesiani de Accleia quam ad se pertinere idem Prior, et Canonici et a dicto
W. injuste detineri proponunt eis coramisimus fine canonico determinandum &c. MS. James, in Bibl. Bodl.vol. 26. p. 145.
Rennet's Parocli. Antiq. vol. i. p. 276.
7 Rex Vicecom. Buck. S. Sciatis quod Prior sancti Frideswide Oxon. in curia nostra coram nobis, &c. recuperat adversus
nos advocationem Eccles. de Acleia cum capellis ad eccles. illam spectantib. et pertinentiis suis et jus Ecclesise suae
5. Frideswide : et ideo tibi precipimus quod eidem Priori de advocatione predictas ecclesioe cum capellis ad ecclesiani illam
spectantibus et aliis pertinentiis suis sine dilacione plenariam seisinam habere facias. Teste G. de Scrop. apud Norwycum
xxviii. die Jan. an. Reg. nost. decimo nono. [Ex. Cartul. S. Frideswydas penes Dec. & Capit. Oxon. and Kennel's Antiq.
vol. i. p. 535.
8 Ibid. p. 374, and Monast. Anglic, vol. ii. p. 149.
9 Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. i. p. 6, 7 ; and Croke's Genealog. Hist. p. 422.
If Dodsworth's MSS. vol cxv. d. 83, and Petit. Parliam. apud Winton, 4 Ed. III. n° 62 : also Rennet's Paroch. Antiq.
vol. ii. p. 14, 15.
" Rot. Fin. 12 Ed. III. 1= Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 76. '^ ihij. p. 334.
OAKLEY. 357
After the suppression of Monasteries, King Henry VIII. granted the Advowson and Rectory to
Cardinal Wolsey, Archbishop of York/ who in 1526, settled the same on his College in Oxford ;" but
in 1530, the King resuming his grant, gave the Rectory and Advowson, to John Longland, Bishop of
Lincoln, for the foundation of the King's College: Oakley with Boarstall being valued at 91. 13s. 4d.
per ann.^ It was again resumed, and subsequently granted to Sir John Williams, Lord Williams of
Thame,* and by him made part of the endowment of Thame School f and the Impropriation and
Patronage having passed to the family of Aubrey, Sir John Aubrey, sixth Baronet, as Impropriator,
accepted an allotment of lands under the Inclosure Act, in 1819, in lieu of certain rights; and at his
death, in 1826, the Rectorial Estate and Advowson, descended to Sir Thomas Digby Aubrey, Bart,
the present possessor.
THE VICARAGE
was ordained in 1343, (18 Edw. III.) on a confirmation to the Convent of St. Frideswide, of Oakley
Church and its Chapels : the Vicar being entitled to all offerings, voluntary, or due of right, at
weddings, churchings, burials, feasts of dedication, &c. and to a certain proportion of the payments
made in the Chapels of Boarstall, Brill, and Addingrave,*' with tithes of milk, pigs, geese, and eggs, in
Oakley and Addingrave : and from the Church flirms in granges, five quarters of wheat, five of barley,
one of pease for pottage, two quarters of oats for his horse, tithe-hay of hath-mede for fodder, two loads
of straw, free of carriage, and a piece of ground fifty-feet wide, extending in length to the end of the
croft of the Rectory, to build a house for the Vicar.
The Ordination of the Vicarage is cited by Kennet.'^
1 Page 91. 2 Rot. Fin. 18 Hen. VIII. 3 Monast. Anglie. vol. ii. p. 175. ■* Page 91.
5 See Brill, p. 109. 6 Boarstall, p. 90 ; and Brill, p. 109.
T Ordinacio VicARiE DE Acleia': — Universis S. niatris Ecclesie filiis presentes literas inspecturis frater Johannes de Lutlemor
prior domus S. Frideswidae Oxon. Line Dicec. et ejusdem loci conventus salutem in omnium Salvatore. Universitati vestrae notum
facimus per presentes quod cum nos praefati Prior et conventus ecclesiam de Acleia Line. Dioec. cum capellis suis de Brehull
et Borstall qulbus quondam minus juste spoliati fuerunt predecessores nostri, judicialiter recuperantes in ejus possessionem
canonice reinducti unum de canonicis nostris, ut olim fuisse dignoscitur, rite electum et ad ejusdem ecclesiaj vicariam prae-
sentatum vicarium legitime institutum accepimus in eadem ; de prefatae ecclesise nostrae et capellarum ejusdem alteragiis ut
tenemiir congruam portionem reservatam eidem vicariode qua valeat commode sustentari, episcopalia jura solvere, oneraque
sibi incumbentia supportare competentius ; proportionavimus et in perpetuam rei memoriam scripto mandare curavimus. In
primis eidem ordiiiavimus indifFerenter de prefata ecclesia et capellis ejusdem supradictis omnes oblationes quae quater in
anno ab omnibus parochianis, et in nuptiis, purificationibus, sepulturis, anniversariis in cera, pecunia, ovis, aut fructibus
de jure, consuetudine aut sponte offerunter in eisdem : et quartam partem omnium obventionum funeralium dictorum
parochianorum alibi quam apud Acleyam sepultorum, quae de jure veteri vel novo debetur ecclesiee parochialis. Item decimas
lini, canari, apum, fructuum et omnium de ortis provenientiiim ac universa herieta inanimata. Item omnes decimas
animalium quae aliter quam in pecunia decimari non solent. Item omnes decimas personales in dictis villis provenientes
de quaestu eorum qui de mercatura sua vivunt : et procet supradictum de Brehull cum decima aucarum et ovorum. In
Aclee et Adyngrave decimam lactis porcellorum aucarum et ovorum. In Borstall scilicet lacta que porcellos aucas ova
tantum de villa non de curia. Ordinavimus eidem Vicario nostro tredecim quarteria bladi boni percipienda, de grangiis
predictae ecclesiae per annum, videlicet quinque quarteria frumenti et quinque quarteria ordei unum quarterium pisarum
de melioribus dicti manerii sui pro potagio suo, et duo quarteria avenarum pro prebenda equi sui, et decimam feni de
Lathmede pro foragio suo si vero dictum pratum solitam decimam non reddit aliquo casu, libenter dicto vicario duas
carectatas feni ibidem de manerio nostro illo anno, et carragium ad haec omnia de manerio ecclesiae nostrje predicts, et
duas carectatas straminis singulis annis. Assignavimus et eidem vicario nostro unam placeam contiguam lenemento
Willielmi de Medhull latitudine quinquaginta pedum, et extendentem se a placea in longitudine usque ad finem crofti
nostri ad aedificandum sibi mansum competentem sumptibus nostris in eadem. In cujus rei testimonium, &c. Dat. Oxon,
in capitulo nostro in festo S. Michaelis Anno Domini millesimo ccc™. xliii'". [Ex. Chartul S. Frideswidce and Kennet's
Par. Ant. vol. 2. p. 81, 82 ; Monasticon Anglic, vol. ii. p. 149, 150.]
Philippus permissione divina Lincoln. Episcopus dilectis nobis in Christo incolis inhabitantibus villam sive hamlettam
de Borstall eorumque successoribus ac aliis in ipsa hamletta morari volentibus in futurum parochianis ecclesiae de Oakele
358 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
In 1549, King- Edward \1. granted to John Hou-e and John Broxholme, an acre of land which
had been left for maintaining a lamp in the Church : and in 1573, Queen Elizabeth renewed the
grant to Christopher Fenton and Bernard Gilpin, of London, for money paid by George D'Arcy,
Esq. and in 1576, assigned to Peter Grey and Edward Grey, other small portions formerly given for
superstitious purposes : likewise, in 1584, to Theophilus Adams and Thomas Butler, and the heirs
and assigns of Adams, lands here, late of St. Frideswide's Monastery, and vested in the Crown by
Act of Parliament.^
In 1G50, the Vicarage was computed at 25/. per aini. in 1818, at about 65/. the house of the
incumbent described as " a cottage ;" but it has been I'ebuilt by the present incumbent.
The living remains in the King's Books at 36/. discharged from payment of first-fruits and tenths.
The glebe consists of about 106 acres, and a corn-rent in lieu of tithes settled by an Act of Parliament.
nostias dioec. salutem gratiam et benedictionem. Cum nuper venerabilis frater noster Dominus Willielmus Sokton Epis-
copus suffraganeus noster vice ac auctoritate nostris capellam S. Jacob! de Borstall preedicta honestam ac coemiteriiim
ejusdem in et infra fines et liraites dictae ecclesiae parochialis de Oakele notorie situatam secundo die mensis Novemb.
Anno Dom. millesimio ccccxviii. de consensu et assensu prions et conventus S. Frideswydee Oxon. dictse nostree dioec.
ecclesiam parochialem de Oakele prsedicta in proprios usus obtinentium vicariique loci ejusdem, ac voluntate et assensu
omnium et singulorum quorum interest intervenientibus, munere consecrationis insignivit, reservatis semper honore
debftodictse ecclesiae parochialide Oakele acreparationerefectloneconstructionecedificatione ejusdem ecclesiae campanilisque
etcampanarum ac clausura ccEmeterii emendata, librorumque et vestimentorum de novo emptione, ac aliorum ornamentorum
opportunorum dictae ecclesiae ac omnibuset singulis aliis eidem ecclesice quomodolibet opportunis totiens quotiens casus re-
quirit, ac in recognitLonem dictae ecclesiae de Oakele duodecim denariis in festo Sancti Micliaelis singulis annis imperpetuum
solvendis Vicario qui nunc est et successoribus suis qui in futurum erunt, dictos incolas eorumque successores ut parochianos
ecclesiae praedictae de expresso consensu etvoluntate dictorumincolarum etparochianorumvillae deOakele ac Vicarii ejusdem,
et ad eorum instantiam petitionem oneravit .... et realiter imposuit incolis supradictis prout satis evidenter ex actis coram
ipso suffraganeo nostro factis et in eisdem contentis plenius continetur. Ac subsequenter magister Thomas Bruns utrius-
que juris Doctor Archidiaconus Stowe in ecclesia nostra Lincoln, ad visitandum clerum ipsorum archidiaconatuum Oxon.
et Buck, ecclesiasque parochiales ac alia beneficia ecclesiastica qurecunque in eisdem ac ad corrigendum et puniendum
criraina et excessus in eisdem commisa commissarius sufficienter deputatus ad instantem petitionem &c. statuit, ordinavit,
assignav.it, deputavit, et limitavit : videlicet, quod singulis annis in festo S. Michaelis seu aliquo die festive vel solempni vo-
cari debent per curatum dictae ecclesire de Oakele ad ecclesiam parochialem de Oakele prredicta parochiani inhabitantes
villam de Oakele et conformiter hamlettam de Borstall maturiores et discretiores prout inter eosdem mutuo poterunt con-
cordare, qui ibidem compotum yconomorum dicta ecclesia; de Oakele &c. et ipsos onerent sive liberent, et novos yconomos
eligant et deputent, quodque ad omnem refectionem reparationem constructionem etcaetera omniaet singula superiusexpres-
sata de bonis parochianorum praedictorum et tenementorum prout constitutiones in hac parte editae sive consuetudo a retro
actis temporibus usitata exigunt et riquirunt, et portiones quae a personis prsedictis sunt factae singulis parochianis utrius-
que imponent et onerabunt et eorum summam imposterum fiJeliter recipient levabunt colligent et per capita singulorum
parochianorum de receptis et solutis non receptis et non solutis a singulis parochianis singulis annis in festo S. Michaelis
archangeli fideliter computabunt, et juramentum quod prcemissa fideliter exequentur prrestabunt corporale. Quee omnia
et singula partes prxdictje coram dicto Magistro Tlioma Commissario nostro acceptarunt, et se eisdem ordinationi et limi-
tationi ac decreto suis sub quibuscunque poenis et censuris ecclesiasticis per nos et successores nostros Episcopos Lincoln,
ferendis submiserunt ei acquieverunt. Nos igitur omnia et singula prmmissa per venerabilem fratrem nostrum et commis-
sarium nostrum supradictos acta facta ac gesta ac per dictos incolas et parochianos acceptata approbantes, attendentes,
pra;missa ad decorem ecclesice redundare, vobis omnibus et singulis sub pcena excommunicationis majoris in personas
singulorum vestrum prjemissis non obtemperantium fulminanda; ynandamus Jirmiter injungentes quatenus omnia et singula
pra;missa quatenus vos et vestrum quemlibet concernunt observctis et facialis observari. Potestate nobis et successoribus
nostris Episcopis Lincoln, vigore submissionis vestrae dubium seu ambiguum siquod in futurum emerserii in hac parte inter-
pretandi declarendi et pra>sentibus addendi, ac vos et snccessores vestros futuros ad observationem omnium et singu-
lorum prxdictorum ut prsmittitur per censuras ecclesiasticas compellendi loco et tempore opportunis specialiter reservata
In quoram omnium et singulorum testimonium atque fidem sigillum nostrum praesentibus est appensum. Ex Chartul. de
Borstall MS./. 1 15, in Kcniiet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. ii. /). 311, 12, 13.
1 Rot. Pat. 3 Edw. VI. ; 16 Eliz. Test. 19. Feb. ; 19 Eiiz. Test. 8 Mar. ; 27 Eliz. Test. 2 Aug.
OAKLEY.
359
Ralph DE Norwich, presented, in 122-2, to this Rec-
tory by the King, who had recovered the right of ad-
vowson by judgement of his Court at Westminster. He
was the founder of Chetwode Priory, circ. 1224.^
Roger de Missenden, died in 1268; and was suc-
ceeded by
John de Kirkebi, 1268, on the presentation of the
King.
Thomas de Luda, 1280, presented by the Bishop of
Lincoln: deprived in 1297, and succeeded by
William de Wrotham.- 7 April, 1297. In a cause
between the King and this William, it was pleaded that
Brill and Oakley had been immemorially in the same
patronage; and that the same incumbent had always
received institution to both churches ; and reference was
made to Charters of the Empress Maud, King Stephen,
and Henry II. and to the Licenses of Robert Bishop of
Lincoln, and Pope Honorius,^ He exchanged for
Sydistrond, co. Norfolk, with*
William de Wydington, who was presented by the
King 18 Oct. 1318; and resigned in 1327.
John DE Abingdon, inducted 25 Mar. 1327, as first
Vicar, on the presentation of the Convent of St
Frideswide.
Richard de Wodhall, called " Curatus Eccles.
paroch. de Acley cum capellis de Brehull et Borstall :"
died in 1342, and was succeeded by
William de Grauntpont, Friar and Canon of St.
Frideswide, 12 April, 1342; presented by the Prior
and Convent. He died, and
Laurence de Grove, Friar, was presented 22 July,
1349.
Hugh Hertioell, Canon of St. Frideswide, presented
25 Nov. 1369, by the Sub- Prior.
Richard de Montayne, resigned, and was succeeded by
Andrew de Hannovia, Canon of St. Frideswide, 23
August, 1372.
John Wormenhale, alias Oliver, occurs Vicar in 1418,
and in that year rehnquished his claim to 13c?. per ann.
usually paid to the Vicar of Oakley, out of a messuage
and certain lands in Boarstall, called Barnard's Place,
which had been granted, in 1416, by Peris and Brily,
Church-wardens of Oakley, to Robert Potter, of Boar-
stall, charged with that stipend.^
Theobald Wgnchestre, Canon of St Frideswide, pre-
sented 7 Dec. 1423.
Richard Okeley, died Vicar in 1477, and was suc-
ceeded by
Robei-t Harlow, Canon of St Frideswide, presented
8 Aug. 1477.
William Wykeham, resigned in 1498, and was suc-
ceeded by
Thomas Reve, 8 Feb. 1498, on the presentation of
the Convent of St. Frideswide.
John Clark, Canon of St. Frideswide, presented 3
May, 1507; occurs Vicar in 1524.
John Garnet, pr. 3 Oct. 1 525, by John London, LL. D.
one of the King's Commissioners at the Suppression of
Monasteries. On his resignation,
Richard Geffrey, was presented 24 March, 1527, by
the Dean and Canons of Cardinal Wolsey's College, in
Oxford; and occurs Vicar in 1534.
Robert Ducket, or Ducker, died in 1560 , having by
his will, 31 Aug. 1558, directed his body to be buried
in the chancel : and was succeeded by
John Hanmer, presented 13 Oct. 1560, by Robert
D'Oyly and WilUam Place, executors of the last will
and testament of John Lord Williams, of Thame ; and
occurs in 1561 : so that
Francis Tortivorth, who is said to have been presented
19 Feb. 1560-1, is supposed (by Willis) to have been
set aside, and John Hanmer having died "S'icar in 1 570,
to have been succeeded by
Hugh Johnson, presented 10 Dec. 1572, to the
" Vicarage of Brill and Okeley."'' At his death,
Jerome or Hierome Gregory, was instituted, 18 Mar.
1596,7^ on the presentation of John Dynham, Esq. and
dying, was succeeded by
Philip Evayis, A. B. 26 Sept 1609, on the presentation
1 See Chetwode: and Rot. Fin. 10 Hen. III.
2 Rennet's Par. Antiq. ex. MSS. Dodsworth. See also Brill, p. 110. 3 piacit. 11 Ed. II. vol. liv. Abbrev. p. 330.
* Neither of their names appears in the Catalogue of Rectors of Sidestrand or Sydistrond, in the History of Norfolk,
vol. viii. p. 170.
5 Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 236. 6 Page 110. 7 Jb.
360
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
of Catherine Dynham, widow, to the " Curacy of Oak-
ley cum Brill." By his will, 31 March, 1639, he di-
rected his burial in the chancel, and bequeathed a legacy
to his daughter Epiphania.
Tlunnas Cox, or Cuxen, 1650; died and was buried
here, 2 Nov. 1654, being succeeded by
Jolin Hunt, in 1654; who was chosen Parish Regis-
trar, and sworn before Alexander Croke, Esq. Justice of
the Peace, 27 May, 1657. In a Terrier, with his sig-
nature, and dated 2 Oct. 1674, "the Vicarage-house" is
stated to be the only property belonging to this
Benefice.!
William Lancaster, A. M. collated on lapse, 1 Sept
1632, by Thomas (Barlow) Bishop of Lincoln. He was
of Queen's-College, Oxon. ; A.M. 1 July, 1678; Fel-
low and B. D. 12 April, 1690: D. D. 8 July, 1692;
elected Provost of Queen's-College, 1704; Archdeacon
of Middlesex, 3 April, 1705; Vicar of St. Martin's in
the Fields, and died in 1716 : being, on his resignation
of this Vicarage, succeeded by
John Brabourne, A. M. 14 Aug. 1690. He was of
Magdalen-College, Oxon. 10 June, 1687 ; B. and D.D.
1 July, 1708; Principal of New-Inn- Hall, 1709; Vicar
of Charlbury, Oxon. and died in 1726, having resigned
Oakley to
William Hoj)ldm, 31 May, 1697 ; who quitted this
Vicarage for the Rectory of Llantrithyd, co. Glamorgan,
in the same patronage. He died there: having been
succeeded in this Uving by
William Floyer, A. M. presented 12 March, 1701,
He was of New-College, Oxon. Fellow; and A. M. 14
Jan. 1700: afterwards Prebendary of Hereford and
Rector of Whitburne, co. Hereford : and was living in
1746.2
Thomas Harte, B. D. 24 May, 1707. He had been
Fellow of Magdalen-Coll. Oxon. A. M. 12 May, 1693,
B.D. 28 Mar. 1705; D.D. 1 July, 1708: died in 1709,
and was buried at Brill.''
Echvard Huffhes, A.M. instituted 1 Dec. 1709. He
was of Jesus-College. Oxon. A, M. 25 June, 1707, and
Fellow: B.D. 22 Oct. 1714; Rector of Shennington,
co, Gloucester; and on his resignation of Oakley was
succeeded by
Humphrey Lloyd, B.D, 19 July, 1721. He was of
Jesus-Coll. Oxon. A.M. 20 June, 1712; B.D. 16 Nov.
1719; Rector of the first portion of Treddington, co.
Worcester, and living, in 1755: but resigned this
Vicarage to
Richard Meadowcourt, A. M. 22 Feb. 1726. He was
Fellow of Merton-College, Oxon, A.M. 15 Dec 1718;
afterwards Prebendary of Worcester; and in 1751, Vicar
of Lindridge, in Worcestershire: died 8 Sept. 1760,
having resigned this living in 1734, when he was suc-
ceeded by
James Cosseret, A, M, 7 Nov. 1734, who was of Exeter-
College, Oxon. A. M. 22 May, 1728, and resigned this
Vicarage in 1736; B.D. 7 June, 1739; D.D. 8 May,
1750; Rector of St. Clement's, Oxford, 1751.
Rohert Twycross, A. B. instituted 21 Nov. 1736. He
was also Perpetual Curate of Brill and Boarstall;* and
dying in London, 25 June, 1790, set. 80, was suc-
ceeded by
Charles Kipling, A.M. presented 23 Jan. 1790, by
Sir John Aubrey, Bart. He was also Perpetual-Curate
of Chilton,* Chearsley,^ and Ashendon with Dorton,'
and was succeeded by his eldest son,
John Kiplinrj, A. M. instituted in 1810, on the pre-
sentation of Sir John Aubrey, Bart. Also Perpetual-
Curate of Chearsley^ and Nether- Winchendon ; and of
ChiltonS until 1829; and is the present worthy incum-
bent of this Vicarage,
1 MSS. Willis: who mentions a monmnent in the Ch
2 Willis's MSS. 3 See page 102.
6 Page 124, 126. ' Page 36.
ith the name of Hunt, and date 1681.
■* Page 110. 5 Page 142.
a Page 124, 126. 9 Page 142.
OAKLEY.
361
THE CHURCH,
dedicated to St. Matthew, is about 66 feet long by 21 feet wide, consisting of a nave 30 feet by 18,
a tower at the east end, a chancel, north aisle, and south porch ; and a cross aisle projecting on the
south side, probably constructed as a burial-place for the Tyrrells, or perhaps more ancient Lords of
the place : at its south end exteriorly, near the ground, is a low cinquefoil-headed arch in the wall,
either the original entrance into a vault, or the site of an old tomb.
The tower is strengthened with numerous buttresses and a demi-octagon turret, terminating in a
cone above the roof at the s.e. angle. This part of the building was overspread with a picturesque
mantle of ivy during many years ; but that encroaching destroyer of the walls having attained an
enormous size, the stem being more than six feet in girth, has been cut down to prevent the
destruction of the edifice.
Some of the windows have pointed arches, with mullions and tracery : others are square-headed
with plain mouldings and cornices. Between the nave and aisles are four pointed arches, supported
by piers and pillars : two of the latter circular, and one octagon.
In the N.E. angle of the s. aisle is an aperture in the wall, either formerly the approach to the rood-
VOL. I. 3 a
362
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
loft, or entrance into a confessional. At the e. end of the n. aisle are two anchorets or low arches,
another in the s. wall, and in the s. wall of the nave are two very ancient tombs, with slabs of
Bethersden marble, under obtuse pointed arches.
The font is columnar under the central arch, between the nave and the north aisle. The pulpit
on the south side is square and very small ; and above the entrance into the chancel, the royal arms,
with the date 1782, George Measey and Richard Turner, Church-wardens.
On a mural monument in the south aisle :
Arms: Arg, within a border engrailed... two chevi-ons
azure : Tyrrell.
Crest : on a wreath, a boar's head coupe at the neck, with
a branch of oak-leaves or sprig of oak in his mouth, proper.
Here lieth the body of Sir Timothy T>Trell, late of Shot-
over, and once of Oakley, Kn'. eldest son of Sir Timothy
Tyrrell, Master of the Buck-hounds to King Charles 1'*.
He married Elizabeth, only daughter of Dr. James Usher,
Arch-Bishop of Armagh, and Primate of all Ireland, by
whom he had four sons and eight daughters. He faithfully
and valiantly asserted the cause of his master. King
Charles P', and was a Captain of Horse and then a Co-
lonel of Foot, and Governor of the Castle of Caerdiff, in
South Wales, and General of y* Ordnance in that Pro-
vince. He was an indulgent husband, a kind father,
and a good master: just in his deahngs, and highly
charitable to the poor. He deceased on the xxiii day
of October, a. d. mdcci : having lived almost lxxxiv
years ; who being worn out with age and divers long in-
firmities, now rests in hope of a blessed resurrection.
On a large black marble slab in the floor ; with
the arms of Tyrrell, impaling .... a chevron er-
mine between three scrolls :
Here lyeth the body of EUzabeth, late wife of Sir
Timothy Tyrrell, of Shotover, In the county of Oxen.
Kn'. She was only daughter and heir of that pious
and learned Arch-bishop Dr. James Usher, late Primate
of all Ireland : and was herself a person of exemplary
worth and piety : an excellent wife and most indulgent
mother, and highly charitable to the poor. After being
married about fourty years, she died Anno Domini, 1G93,
to the great grief of her husband.
On a slab in the floor, with the arms and crest
of Tyrrdl :
Here lieth Captain John Tyrrel, son of Sir Timothy
Tyrrell, of Oakley, and Dame Elizabeth his wife, who
was made by King Charles the 2''. Admiral in the East
Indies, and in the sea-fight, 1690, did withstand y'' vio-
lence of y" whole French na^y, always shewing himself a
true lover of his country, a valiant and skiKul Commander.
He was born Anno 1646,
and died Dec\ 6, 1692.
On a mural monument :
Here lieth y' body of James Tp'rell, Esq"", son of Sir
Timothy Tyrrell, of Shotover and Oakley, Kn'. by Eli-
zabeth, sole daughter of Arch-bishop Usher, born in 1643.
He died in 1718, aged 75 and upwards. He was a
man of rare integrity, gravity, and wisdom : had never
polished himself out of his sincerity : nor refined his be-
haviour to the prejudice of his virtue. He was a warm and
zealous lover of his Country, & of that system of reUgion
and law which he well knew could only support it. The
only publick office he ever engaged in (tho' admirably
fitted for such service) was about the time of the Peace
of Reswick, when upon the application of his singular
good friend the Lord Pembroke, he -was persuaded to
be made one of the Commissioners for executing the
oflice of Privy Seal, which high otfice he discharged in
y" estimation of all men with great sufficiency and credit.
No man was ever more happy in all his domestick af-
fairs, or deserved it better. He was blessed with a
prudent wife & goodly issue, of which only two survived
him; James TjTrell, Lieu'. General of his Majesty's
Forces, and Mary, relict of John Aldworth, of Ruscomb,
Esq^ who, out of the sincerest piety, dut)-, and affection
to the honoured memory of the best of fathers, have
caused this monument to be erected for him, in the year
of our Redemption, 1745.
On a slab in the pavement :
In memory of James Tyrrell, Esq^ who died the 7"'.
of June, 1718, in the 87"'. year of his age.'
On another marble, below the arms of Tyrrell,
with a label of three points, impaling —party per
pale over all a lion rampant, Hutchinson :
Here lyes the body of Mary, late wife to James
Tyrrell, of Oakley, Esq. eldest son of Sir Timothy Tyr-
' The dates on the momimciU and on the slab vary considerably.
OAKLEY.
363
rell, K'. She was only daughter of Sir Michael
Hutchinson, of Flathury, in the county of Worcester,
Kn'. being a woman of great prudence and virtue, who
deceased Anno Dom. 1687, at the age of about xxii
years, leaving two sons & one daughter to her husband's care
who caused this stone to be layed to preserve her memory.
On a tablet of white marble ; with the arms of
Tyrrell in a lozenge :
Here lieth the body of M". Margery Tyrrell, second
daughter of Sir Timothy Tyrrell, of Shotover, in the
county of Oxon. Kn'. and the Lady Ehzabeth his wife,
only daughter of the Right Rev. Father in God James
Usher, late Arch-bishop of Armagh, and Primate of all
Ireland. She dyed the 27"'. day of February, in the
year of our Lord, 1686,
On a mural tablet :
H. S. E.
Honorabilis Vir Jacobus Tyrrell Armiger
Qui primo Stipendia in Flandria
Sub Imperio Potentissimi Regis
Guhelmi Ejus Nominis Tertij :
Dein
Sub Auspiciis Annae Reginae serenissime
Usque ad Pacem Utrajecti hinc
Inde conciliatam
Non sine Laude meruit
Atque
Per omnes Militarium honorum
Gradus evecti
Imperante Augustissimo Rege Georgio Secondo
Dignitatis Locum a primo proximum tenuit
Ne autem post dura BelU interiret
Otium
yEdes Shotoveranas Hortosque excogitavit
Eaque ad Exemplar Suum
Exigenda curavit.
Elegantiarum praecipuus
lUe Amator et Cultor ;
Ob. 30™. Aug. 1742, aet. 68.
Honorabilis Vir Augustus Schutz
Affinis et Hseres
B. M. M. H. P.
On another, on the west side of the aisle :
To the memory of the Hon'''^ Augustus Schutz, of
Shotover, in the county of Oxford, Baron of the sacred
Roman Empire. He was born January, 1690, in the
parish of S*. James, Westminster, and died May 26*.
1737: and also of Penelope his wdfe. She was born
April, 1699, and died Jan\ 27"'. 1771.
He was the son of Lewis Justus Baron Schutz, Envoy
and Minister Plenipotentiary from the Elector of
Hanover to the Court of Great Britain. At the age of
16 he went into Germany, and in the year 1709, was
placed near the person of his late Majesty George 2''.
then Prince George of Hanover. He continued there
till the accession of the present Royal Family, when he
returned into England in his Royal Highnesses service,
being appointed his first Groom of the Bed-chamber, and
in 1719, Master of the Robes; and in the year 1727,
Privy-Purse ; which high oiBces, with others of trust, he
discharged with assiduity and fidelity to the day of his
death, as he did every other duty in Ufe, being a sincere
Christian, the best husband, father, master, and friend.
As such he was justly and universally esteemed and be-
loved, when living, and lamented by all who were so
happy as to be connected or acquainted with him.
He married, in the year 1717, Penelope, daughter of
Martin Maden, Esq. of the kingdom of Ireland. By
her, whose virtues were equally conspicuous, he had 14
children, ten of which they lived to see grow up, viz. 5
sons & 5 daughters.
This monument was erected by George, their eldest
son, in pious gratitude to the memory of his most revered
parents.
Anns : Az. a buck's antler Or : with a mullet for dif-
ference; impaling Az. a cormorant Or. devouring a
goose, proper. On a chief of the second a cross flory
Gules.
On a slab within a pew, at the corner of the
aisle :
Beneath this stone rests the body of Augustus Schutz,
Esq. who died the 26 of May, 1757, aged 67 years.
In the floor of the nave, on a slab :
In memory of Mary, the wife of Francis Kirby, who
died February the 18*. 1726, aged 29 years.
Let not my Friends nor my Relations dear
Lament for me, or shed a dolefull tear;
For in this World we liVd in joy and love.
And hope to meet again in Heaven above.
On a small mural tablet, in the north aisle :
Here lyeth the body of Ann Clarke, the wife of John
Clarke, of the parish of Oakley, daughter of John Far-
rington, of Brereton, in the county of Chester, yeoman,
who departed this life Feb>'.17"'. A.D. 1693, in the 37"'
year of her age ; leaving behind her 3 children and a
sorrowful husband.
364 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
On anotlicr : On a grave-stone in the church-yard :
In memory of Anne Clarke : ob. April y' 8*. 1713, John Clarke died Nov^ 18*. 1678, aged 31 : by whom
aged 84 years. the sum of one pound annually, for ever, was bequeathed
towards the repair of this parish church, to be paid out
On another : ^^ ^^^ estate now belonging to his Grace the Duke of
In memory of John Clarke, of this parish, who de- Marlborough, and at this time in the occupation of
ceased Feb'. 15"'. 17'22, aged 69 years. This stone was Henry Fenemore, of Oakley-Common, Farmer.
erected by Elizabeth, his second wife, as a memorial of In grateful memory of whom, the Church-wardens
her dear husband. caused this stone to be erected Anno Domini, 1789.
CHARITIES.
Lands settled by Deed' to repair the Church-causeways, Highways, and Bridges ; and for the benefit of the
poor; returned at 51. los. Od. per ami. and under the management of the Church-wardens." John Harte, in 1664,
bequeathed 3/. per ann.'io apprentice poor boys.^
An allotment of four acres, made under the Inclosure Act,^ to purchase " fuel and clothes for poor inhabitants
settled and resident here ; to be distributed at the discretion of the Lord of the JSIanor for the time being, and the
Vicar, Church-wardens, and Overseers of the Poor of Oakley, as trustees."
ADDENGRAVE, ADENGROVE, EDDINGRAVE, also ARNEGROVE,
is a hamlet near the s. E. angle of the parish of Oakley, and at the Norman Survey was possessed by
Walter GifFard : but in the hands of Hugh, his subfeudatory, taxed as three hides and an half. In
the demesne were two ploughs, and two villeins, with seven bordars had three. It was sufficient for
four ; with one servant and one team : altogether worth 605. when he first held it 40s. and in the
time of King Edward 4/. when Wludard, a man belonging to Queen Edith, held this Manor, and
might sell it.' It seems probable that Queen Edith's name, however varied in orthography or pro-
nunciation, gave appellation to this place, and that a considerable extent of lands in the vicinity of the
forest of Bernwode, was anciently appropriated to the Royal Consorts.
Walter GifFard and Ermengard his Countess, having acquired Addengrave, gave the tithes of their
demesnes here to the Priory at Longiieville ; and Addengrave was reckoned within the Honour of
Crendon.^ The subfeudatory of Walter Giffard was Hugh de Bolebec, a Baron ; ' whose lands
descended by Isabel, sole daughter and heir of Walter Bolebec his nephew, to the family of Vere.
Isabel, had been a ward of Alberic Earl of Oxford, who caused her to be married to his son Robert
de Vere ;" but Adingrave had before passed by a sub-infeudation to the family of Morell,^ who were
tenants of the GifFards, bound to perform services at tlie command of their Lord. After the death of
Peter Morell, his widow, who was in ward of the King, and in 1184, ajt. 45, held a Knight's fee, ad
custum. Domini lieffis, and her son, a minor, set. 1j, was, by the King's grant, in ward of Richard de
Columbers. His lands in Edengrave, held of Gilbert Pipart, estimated at 405. per ann. and if stocked
with 100 sheep, and a plough kept, at 4/.'" In 1198, Claricia and her son, John INIorell, passed a fine,
and she had dower in Addengrave," and the estate continued in the same fomily.
' Parochial Returns, 26 Geo. III. - Name of the Benefactor unknown. ^ p^ge 40 and 116.
* Stat. .59 Geo. III.
5 Terra Waterij Gifard. In Ticheshele. Hd. OO. Hugo ten' de Walterio Eddingrave, p. iii. hid et dim. se' defd. Tra'
e. iiii. car.' In dnio. sunt. ii"'. et ii. iiilli cu. vii, bord. lint, m car. Ibi un'. servus. Ptu. i. car. Int'. totu. ual lx
sol. Qdo. rccep : xl sol. T. R. E. mi lib. Hoc CO. tenuit Vluward ho Eddid. regine et uende potuit. Lib. Cens. vol. i. f. 147.
fi Page 109. 7 See WiiiTcuvucu. » Dugdale's Bur. torn. i. p. 452. 9 See p. 210.
w Grimaldi's Transcript of the Roll de Dominabus, p. 22. i' Rot. Fin. 10 Ric. I.
ADDENGRAVE and IXHILL in OAKLEY. 365
In 1257, John Morell, of Adingrave, granted lands here ; and Wolves-ham Meadow to John Fitz-
Nigel, of Boarstall ;' and being a benefactor to Notley Abbey," in 1271, empowered Sampson de Aden-
grave, to give seisin of all his lands, &c. here to Sir John Fitz-Nigel, the younger, to whom he had
previously sold a messuage, and one hundred acres in Adingrave.' Agnes Mildenhall, sometimes
called widow (elsewhere sister) of John Morell, released to Fitz-Nigel all her right in this estate ; and
in 1274, John, son of William de Grenevil, of Chilton, a witness to the deed of the said Agnes, granted
a messuage and croft in Adingrave to the same Sir John Fitz-Nigel.*
In 1275, Geoffrey Talyfer and Alice his wife, and Sampson de Adingrave and Mary his wife, in
1276 respectively conveyed lands here to Fitz-Nigel,^ and fines being passed,'' Adengrave continuing
to be holden under the Seigniory, possessed by the Staffords, Dukes of Buckingham,^ was included in
the grant of Studley, in Oxfordshire, to John Croke, Esq. of Chilton f who, in 1554, bequeathed to
each of his servants, " Jack and Robin," if they continued in the service of his son or daughter,
twenty sheep, and their keeping in Adengrave ; and to his son, John Croke and his wife, his " ferme
"of Adingrave for life, enduring the term and lease of the said ferme," with remainder to their heirs.-^
Sir John Croke, the son, by will in 1607, bequeathed his estate here to his wife, with remainder to
his heirs, subject to the payment of 201. per aim. to Sir John Dormer, Knt.'"
Sir John Dormer afterwards marrying Katherine, relict of Sir John Croke, Knt. sop of the testator,
acquired the remainder of the term, and after the death of Sir John Dormer," in 1626, Adingrave was
in the possession of Sir Robert Dormer, his son, and was conveyed, Avith Dorton, to the family of
Mitchell, and held under the seigniory of the Veres Earls of Oxford. Robert Vere, Earl of Oxford,
died 7 Aug. 1632, seised of a Knight's fee here, leaving by Beatrix his wife Alberic his eldest son, aged
seven years, on the last day of February, 1633.'" Ptichard Mitchell, Esq, of Dorton, conveyed his estate
here to John Aubrey, Esq." afterwards 6th Baronet ; at whose death the same passed, by bequest, to
his godson and kinsman. Sir Henry Fletcher, Bart, of Ashley Park, in Surrey, with remainder to his
heirs, and in default to his brother and his heirs, remainder over to Elizabeth Sophia Ricketts, wife
of Charles Spencer Ricketts, Esq, and her heirs male, in strict settlement, with other remainders, to
attend the descent of Dorton, Brill, &c. as before described.
THE CHAPEL
of Addengrave has been long demolished, and its site known only by tradition of foundations of walls
discovered south of Brill, on the verge of the parish of Oakley.
IXHILL, YXHILL, ICHESHULLE,
was anciently the name, not only of a hamlet in the parish of Oakley, but of the whole Hundred in
which it is situated.'* In the printed copy of the Domesday Survey, it is termed Tichesele, with some
1 Page 58. 2 gee Crendon, p. 223.
3 Rennet's Parochial Antiquities, vol. i. p. 389, citing the Boarstall Chartulary, in which is, at length, the Deed,
dated at Brehull, on St. Gregory's Day, 52 Hen. III.
■* Rennet's Antiq. vol. i. p. 397.
5 Charter dated Brill, on St. Luke's Day, 4 Ed. I. '
6 Rot. Fin. 4 Ed. I. Rennet's Antiq. vol. i. p. 454 ; and Boarstall Chartlary.
7 See p. 28. s Page 130 ; and Croke's Genealogical History p, 405. 9 Ibid.
10 Appendix to Croke's Genealog. No. xxiv. n Chearsley, p, 119 : also, p. 131.
12 Inquis. 30 May, 1634, at Oxford. " Pao-g 242, 1* Page 4.
366 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
orthographical variations in different parts of the volume, and the name of Ixhill (a hill among water,
or in a watery swamp which well describes it) still is attached to this place ; but Tichesele is only
recognised in Tethersall Wood, between Ludgershall and Wooton, at a considerable distance
northward.
The wood of YxhuU occurs in an Inquisition in 1212 (26 Hen. HI.) respecting the Manor of Brill'
and Luynslade, likewise occurring in the same record, and situated adjacent, but in the county of
Oxford, although apparently unobserved by preceding authors, being subsequently in the hands of
the Nernuyt family, and included in the Honour of Walingfbrd, most probably passed with this
estate,'- until Luynslade was conveyed, with Fleet-Marston, to the Verneys : but, on the disafforesting
of Bernwode,^ Oakley being then the property of the Tyrrells, Sir Timothy Tyrrell disclaimed that
his free tenants in Ixhill had Right of Common in the Forest : and, under a Decree in Chancery, 17
Car. I. Ixhill Free-Hays (consisting of 180 acres) was reserved as part of the King's lands.
The Pasture of Ixhill was assessed at 1/. 1 Is. 6c/. to the provision for Queen Elizabeth's Household*
and with the Manor of Oakley, was transferred from the family of Cadogan, to his Grace George
Duke of Marlborough, K.G. as before described,^ and was included in the purchase made by Edward
Polhill, Esq. who is the present possessor.
Cliillingplace Farms and Estate, consisting of more than three hundred acres, with manorial rights
principally in Oxfordshire, but part of them in this Parish, tithe-free, was formerly in the pos-
session or tenure of the family of Nourse, John Nourse having married Philippa daughter of Sir
Edward Tyrrell, Knt. of Thornton, and Wall-Grange, co. Suffolk, by Margaret daughter of Sir
Thomas Aston, Bart, of Aston, co. Cest. his second wife.
This estate was advertised for sale in 1827, by Merrington and Mulliner, of Union Court, Old
Broad Street.
STUDLEY, OR STODELEY,
a hamlet partly in this Parish and partly in Oxfordshire, is said to derive its name from the Saxon for
wood, and a place, and has been sometimes called Estodeley from its situation, e. of Beckley.'^ Not-
withstanding this pretty evident origin of the name, it has been denied that Studley is mentioned in
Domesday Book, although an entry in that record, leaves little doubt that it formed the estate which
Roger de Iveri held, and Picot of him, under the denomination of Lesa, and was taxed at two hides,
being sufficient for four ploughs : two in the demesne, and two more in the hands of four villeins ;
with five bordars, two servants, pasture for one team, woods for two hundred hogs ; altogether valued
at 405. when he first held it, at 30s. and in the time of King Edward, 50.?. Azor, the son of Tote,
held this Manor before the conquest, and might sell it.'
Its ancient possessor Tote, a domestic of Queen Edith, being mentioned in the description of this
place, seems to confirm its identity,
1 See p. 98.
= Lynlche. lohes de Ncrnut ten. quondam tenur.' f|ue vocat Lynlche hcreditaiie de Dno Comit Cornub. in j dem.
feodo faciendo secta ad cur. Walingford et lit in d'nis dim'', hyd. tre et in vilenag. iiii virg tre. et dim de quibus, &c.
3 P. 53. <* Rot. 42 Eliz. s P. 354.
•^ Croke's Gencalog. p. 437.
^ Terra Rogeiii de Iveri. In Tichesele Hd. Rogerius de Iveri ten' et Picot de eo Ljesa. p. 11. hid. se defd', Tra. e. iiii.
car. In dnis sunt. U.et. IIII°^ uilli cu'. I bord.hnt. II. car. Ibi. ix. serui ptii. i. car. Silua. cc. pore'. In tolis ualent.
uat. XL. sol. Qdo. reccp. xxx. sol. T.R.E. : l. sol. Hoc. CW : tenuit Azorius filius Toti. ho. regina; Eddid et uende'
potuit. Lib. Ccnsual. vol. i. f. 151.
STUDLEY, IN OAKLEY. 367 ,
Studley adjoins Boarstall and Oakley on the n. and Oxfordshire on the s.w. and n.w. the soil being
clayey in the lower grounds, and a strong brash in the higher ; and by modern cultivation, a con-
siderable portion of unproductive land has been redeemed and brought to good account.
Roger de Iveri is called a s)vorti brother to Robert D'Oily, another of the conqueror's followers, who
having engaged by an oath to share their mutual fortunes in the war (a social practice amongst the
enthusiastic heroes of those chivalrous ages) and on his receiving two Baronies, gave one of them to
his companion in arms,^ which was afterwards called the Barony of St. Waleri ; Roger de Iveri being
the son of Waleran, cupbearer to the Duke of Normandy," and Roger held the same office in England
which his father had enjoyed abroad before the conquest. He married Adeline, daughter of Hugh
de Grentmaisnil, one of the justiciaries of the realm,'' and his son succeeded to his Barony. Roger,
the eldest, was a beneftictor to St. Peter's Abbey, at Gloucester, and was loyal to King William as
long as he lived ;* but in the time of Rufus, joined the confederate Barons to support his brother
Robert Curtois : was vanquished, exiled, and died in disgrace, a circumstance which one of the Monks
of Worcester, his biographer, imputed to the wickedness of his having forcibly deprived their convent
of some of its possessions.
About 1088, Geoffi-ey, his younger brother, obtained restitution of the inheritance, which at his
death in 1111, reverted to the Crown, and was afterwards granted, either by Henry H. to Guy de
St. Walery,'* or by King Stephen, to Reginald de St. Walery, son of Guy.
PEDIGREE OF St. WALERY.
From Dugdale, Kennet, Dodsworth, Willis, and other Authorities.
Arms : Or, two Lioncels passant gardant Gules.
phdeSt. Waleey, held!
Lincolnshire, temp. Will. l.=i=
Gi'Y DE Sr. Waleuv, younger (or qu. brother?) [Croke's Geneal. p. 411.] son of Ranulph,=pALi!nEnA,
[Rennet's Antiq. vol. i.p. 142.] had the Barony of Iveri, by gift of King Henry 1. Ob. I mar. 2dly to Walter de Wahull.
(6 Steph.) 1141.
Reginald de St. Wai.eky, adhered to the Empres Maud : his lands seized by K. Steplien ;=f=
restored 2 Hen. 2. Benefactor to Godstow-Nunnery. Ob. 1166.
]\Iaiid=Bernard iiE St. Walery, granted to K. Hen. 2,— Annora. [Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 454.]
[Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 454.] the site of Godstow-Nunnery. Founder of Stud- Avonis, dau. of John de St. John. '
ley-Priory, CO. Oxon. Ob. 1190, at the Siege of [Monast. Anglic, vol. iv. p. 358;
Aeon. Kennet's Ahtiq. vol. i. p. 208,
also Croke's Geneal. p. 414.]
Maud, (called also " Maud Thomas de St. Walery, son and Edi
de la Hay") mar. to Wdliam heir; paid 170 marks for a Relief,=pADEL
de Braose, temp Hen. 2. fa- 5 Ric.l. ; lands seized 8 Ric. 1. [Rot. Punthieu
mished at Windsor, 1210. Pip-] restored, 11 Joh. had seisin of
[Pedigreeof Braose, New- lands of his brother Henry (15 John
MARCH, &c. p. 202.] and 1 Hen. 3.) held lands in Dodford;
Ob. 1218.
Blrnard
Reginald
Henry de St. Walery, Lord o
DESr.
Sutton and Horton, co. Oxon.
Walery,
Walery.
lands seized temp. Joh. but re-
killed at
stored before 1 Hen. 3. ob. s. p.
Aeon,
with his
Father.
2Ric.l.
Robert de Dreux, LordofDreux, had livery of his Wife's lands 3 Hen. 3.=Annora, or Allanora, sole dau. and=HENBY,
Benefactor to Studley-Priory, 1226 ; lands in England seised 12 Hen. 3. heir ; bur. near her first husband at Lord of
Ob. 1228, bur. at Brenne in Normandy. Brenne Abbey. Scilly.
1 Rob. de Oleio et Rogevus de Iveri fratres jurati et per fidem et sacramentuni confederati venerunt ad conquestum
AnglicB cum Rege Willielmo Bastard. Iste Rex dedit dicto Roberto duas Baroiiiasquje modo vocantur Baroiiias D'Oylioriim
et S.Walerie. [Kennet Paroch. Antiq. ex. Regist Oseney.] See also 1 Samuel ch. xviii. ver. 3, 4 : ch. xx. ver. 4,et seq.
2 Script. Norman, p. 1048. ^ Gulielm. Gemetens, p. 288.
* Kennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. i, p. 95. » ibid. p. 112.
368
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Beckley in Oxfordshire, being made the head of the Barony, no longer called by the name of Iveri,
but denominated from its new possessor, the Barony of St. Walery, and on the erection and endow-
ment of Studley Priory on part of these lands, the site and demesnes were given by the founder,
Bernard de St. Walery, about 118t, to that house,' and continued to belong to it until the reign of
Henry VHI. under a series of Prioresses whose names only, appeared to have been preserved,- with
few particulars of their history ; for of what materials can the biography of Monks and Nuns be com-
piled, conformably to the enlightened view which ought to be entertained of the proper design of
literary, philosophical, scientific, or religious reminiscences ?
After the suppression of Studley Priory, King Henry VHI. for a valuable consideration granted in
1539, to John Croke, Esq.^ the site, with all the lands belonging to it-/ and this INIanor descended to
Sir John Croke, Knt. his son and heir, by whom, and by his son, another Sir John Croke, between
1600 and 1621, it was sold to Sir Geo. Croke, Knt. afterwards Justice of the King's Bench," who by
will dated 25 May, 1G39, bequeathed this estate to his son Thomas," for life, with remainder to the
heirs of his body by any other wife than Anne, his then wife, (by whom he had no prospect of issue)
and in default of such issue to William Croke, brother of Sir George the testator, and ultimately to
Alexander Croke, his nephew, son of the said William, and his heirs male on certain conditions.^ It
descended accordingly, and on the death of Alexander Croke, of Studley, in 1673, on failure of issue
male of Sir Richard Croke, his eldest son by his first wife, came to William Croke, his eldest surviving
son by Sarah his second wife ; and subsequently, according to the annexed table.
PEDIGREE OF CROKE, of STUDLEY, OAKLEY, MARSH-GIBBON, &c.
From Croke's Genealogical History, Parochial Registers, Monuments, and other Authorities, with additions and corrections.
Arms : Gu. a fess between six Jlartlets Arg. differenced with an annulet.
Sab. a bend between two dexter arms coupe at the shoulder, in chain mail Arg. Brasey, Gu. a Cross i
erased Gu. muzzled Or, in chief three Ogresses. Barker.
dine, Arg. Behe, Arg. tht
Anne, dau. and hr. of Richard Brasey, Esq.=pAi f.xander Croke. Esq. son and hr. of William Croke, by
Ob. '22 Mar. 1622. Dorothy dau. of Robert Honeywood, Esq. of Charing, co.
I Kent. Ob. at Studley, 1673. [Pedigree of Croke, p. 132.]
=j=Sarah, dau. of Richard Beke. Esc
denham ; mar. 8 Sept. 1624 ; ob. IG
[Pedigrees of Beke and Ma yne.]
dau. of Richard Beke. Esq. of 1
1667.
NE.]
Sir Rich. Choke, Knt.=pA
b.l20ct. 1619; of /.iilte-
Kimbel ; and Adwell, and
Lewknor, co. Oxon. willed
1 Mar. 16G3 to be bur. at
Chilton; ob.9 Mar. 1663.
Fettiplac
Knt. of
Croke,
b. 10
July,
1622 ;
ob. inf.
George Williaj
Croke, Crokk, 1
b. 29 Aug. 26 Feb.
1625 ;ob. 1626 ;ol:
=5=SuSAN, dau. of
Edw. Fetti-
place, Esq. of
Swimbrook ;
ob. 17 May,
1712. vidua
a!t. 86, bur. at
Chilton.
b. 16
July,
1629 ;
Croke,
b. 9
May,
1636;
CoLPB
Aug
Elizai
Sarah
Wes
try, b. 11 Sept. 1631; ob. 20
1652.
ETii, b. 26 Mar. 1634 ;ob. 1641.
b. 9 iMay, 1640, mar. to Edm.
, Esq. Serj. at Law, of Mars-.
: ob. 1691.
[Pedigree of West.]
1 Monastic. Anglic, vol. i. p. 101.
-For the more minute particulars respecting this Religious Foundation, wliicli properly belongs to Oxfordshire, see
Croke's Genealogical History, p. 433, et seq. Dugdale's Monasticon, vol. vi. p. 1830, and Tanner's Notitia Monastic.
3 See CniLTox, and Pedigrees of Choke. * Rot. Pat. 31 Hen. VIIL Test. 26 Feb.
= Croke's Genealog. Hist. pp. 480. 564. 6 See page 132.
7 Croke's Genealog. Hist. p. 601, from the original will.
a
STUDLEY.
h
369
joHr~
Mai.v,
2. Richard. 6. George.
'A^.^,'b.'l6^1
Alex. Croke,
J.NE,
2. W.LLUM, b. 25 July,
Sarah', eld! dau. ob^ 6 April
Croke,=j
=sist. of
3. Fehdinando. 7. Charles
Marv.
2dbutonlysur-T=3ddau.
1655;ob. s. p. lOJan.
1726, St. 74; bur. at Chil-
Esq.
Sir
4. Alexander. 8. Thomas.
Elizabeth.
vivingson;b.23
of An-
1705; bur. at Chilton.
ton
Capt.of
Edw.
S.EnwARD, a
Saiiah.
July, 1657, of
thony
B.John, b. 4 Mar 1661;
Susanna, b. 5 Sept. 1660
Train-
NoiTis,
Trooper in the
Frances.
VVadham-Coll.
Eyans,
ob. 22 Dec. 1663.
ob. 16 Sept. 1662.
ed
of Wes-
Blues, died in
CoLUBERY.
Oxon. A.M.
Esq. of
4. Edward, b. 15 May,
Jane, b. 15 May, 1665; ob
}iauds ;
ton;
Studley-Alms-
Arabella.
1681; Fellow,
Beg-
1663; viv. 1695.
16 Dec. 1731, bur. at Kel-
ob.
mar. 12
house, after
4 July, 1682,
brook.
5 George, b. 2 Feb.
shall.
circ.
April,
1698.
Rector of Hart-
CO.
EL,zABiTH,b.26Jan. 1670,
1714;
1G80;
well. Ob. 27
0.xon.
6. George, b. 22 May,
mar. to George Wren, son
seised of
viv
Nov. 1726; bur.
1672.
of Thomas Wren, A. M
lands in
1716.
at Cliilton.
Rector of Kelshall, co
Bucks.
Herts.
Richard Croke, b. 14 Aug. 1683;
of Ch. Ch. Oxon. A.M. 12 May,
ob. 28 May, 1698.
Edward Croke, ob. 24 Oct. 1694,
set. 2 y. 9 mo. bur. at Studley.
John Croke, of Studley ; fatuus; ob.
coelebs.
James Croke, Esq. High Sheriff of
Oxon. 1726; ob: coel.
Charlotte, mar. to William Led-
well, Esq. Ob. 5 May, 1763.
Alexander Croke,
Esq. eldest son, b.24=
Feb 1704; Gent.
Cora, of Wadham-
Coll. Oxon. Just, of
the Peace for Bucks :
of Studley and Mareh-
Gibbon; ob. 15 Jun.
1757, bur. at Chilton.
Elizabeth, only dau. of W^i
:Richard Barker, Esq. of Cr<
Gt. Horwood, by Abigail of Ay-
Busby hi
[Pedig. of Busby.]
mar. at Hartwell, 12
•Tuly, 1726; ob. 17 Oct.
1786; bur. at St. Peter's
Ch. Oxford. [Called
Heir in Croke's Geneal.]
lesbury
Sarah, eld. dau. ob. 24 Sept.
1728, bur. at Chilton.
Jane, mar. to Will.Wood.Esq.
son of Tho. Wood, LL.D.
Rector of Hardwick,
Anne, dau. of Rob. Ai-mistead,
A.M. Rect. of Ellesborough ;:
mar. 23 Mar. 1754, at St. Gre-
gory's Ch. London; ob. 8 Mar.
1768 ; bur. at Ellesborough.
Alex. Croke, Esq.
:bom at Dinton, 27=
Nov. 1728; ob. 30
Nov.1777, at Stud-
ley, bur. at Chilton.
Sarah, dau. of Tho.
=Evans, A.M. Vic. of
Sandridge, Herts;
mar. 11 Feb. 1772;
ob.20Apl. 1806, s.p.
Elizabeth, b. at Dinton, 27 Jan. 1730; ob. innupt. 20 Feb.
1799; bur. in St. Peter's Church, Oxford.
Anne, b. at Dinton, 29 Mar. 1731 ; ob. 10 Feb. 1759.
Abigail, b. at Marsh-Gibbon, 13 July, 1735; mar. to Richard
Dutton, of Heath, co. Oxon; ob. 27 Dec. 1821, s. p.
Jane, b. 7 June, 1738 ; ob. innupt.
Alex.
Croki
b. 29
Feb.
1756;
Sir Alexander Croke, Knt. D.C.L. born=
22 July, 1758, at Aylesbury ; bap. 12 Aug. ;
Gen.-Com. of Oriel-Coll. Oxon. 1776; Bar-
rister of In. Temple, 1736; of Oriel-Coll,
again, 1794; B.C.L. 4 Apl. D.C. L. 7 Apl.
1797; Advoc. in the Coll. of Laws, 1798;
Treasurer of the Inner Temple, Judge of the
Vice Admiralty Court, at Halifax, Nova
Scotia, 13 Aug. 1801; President p?'o temji.
1808; resigned office, 1815; knighted by
H.R. H. Geo. Prince Regent, 14 Mar. 1816.
Alice,
dau. of
Aaron
Blake,
ofStud
Oxon.
Will, de
Blount
Croke,
b. 18
Mar.
1760;
ob. 5 June
Richarda, b. 28 Oct. 1743;
mar. 22 April, 1765.
Jevv:y-Sarah-Elizabeth, mar. 15 Apl.
1777, to John Parker, Esq. of Storth-
Hall, CO. York; ob. at Studley, 23 July,
1814; bur. at Beckley.
Anne, b. 17 June, 1757; ob. 19 Mar.
1758.
RELL, D.D. Mast,
of University-Coll. Oxon.Vice-
Chanc. 1768, and Dean of
Hertford; ob. 13 Nov. 1812 ;
bur. at Cowley.
Alex. Croke, Esq.
Geo.
John.
Wentwortii ..e
Adelaide, eld. dau. mar
b. 23 April, 1798 ;
Croke
[Croke's
Blount, ob. 12
ob. 22 Apl. 1831, bur. at Wes
of Oriel-Coll. Oxon.
Esq.
Genealog.
Feb. 1827.
Hoathley, co. Sussex.
9 Dec. 1814; of the
Tab.]
Alexander, b. 12
Jane-Sarah-Emzabeth.
In. Temple, 27 Apl.
Nov. 1816; died
Anne-Phillipa.
1816; ob. 14 Dec,
before 1823.
Charlotte.
1818; bur. at Beck-
[Gent. Mag. vol.
Frances-Mary-Territt, ob. 27
ley.
Ixxxvi.p. 481.]
Nov, 1829; bur. at Beckley.
=Sm Chas. Wetheuell, Knt.
3d son ; A. M. Oxon. 1793,
D.C.L. Oxon, King's Council
M. P. for Oxford, 1822; Soli-
cit. Gen. and Knt. 1824 ;
Attorney-Gen. 1829, M. P.
for Plymton; M. P. for
Boroughbridge. 1833; Re-
corder of Bristol.
Robert Wethe-
RELL, LL.B. 10
Oct.l791,Fel.of
New-College ;
Rect. of Newton-
Longueville,
1833.
descended to Sir Alexander Croke, Knt. D.C.L. the present possessor, who is the author of: —
Croke's Argument in the case of the Hendrick and Maria, on a Neutral Question, 1800, 8vo.
A Report of the Case of Horner against Liddiard, upon the Question of — What Consent is Necessary to the
Marriage of Illegitimate Minors? determined on the •24th of May, 1799, in the Consistorial Court of London. By
Sir William Scott. With an Introductory Essay upon the Theory and History of Laws relating to Illegitimate
Children. 1800.
An Answer to Professor Schlegel upon the Visitation of Neutral Vessels under Convoy ; or an Impartial Exami-
nation of a Judgement pronounced by the EngUsh Court of Admiralty, 11 June, 1799, in the case of the Swedish
Convoy, 8vo. 1801.
A Genealogical History of the Croke Family, originally named Le Blount, 2 vols. 4to. 182.3. Oxford.
An Essay on the Origin Progress and Decline of Rhyming Latin Verse, with many specimens. Oxon. 8vo. 1828,
3b
370 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
OVING, OLVONGE, OUINGES.
Whence deriving its name is so doubtful as scarcely to encourage the hazard of conjecture. The
Parish is bounded on the n. and w. by North-Marston; on part of the N. and E. by Hogston and Whit-
church, and on the s. by Pitchcott, and contains about one thousand acres of arable, meadow, and
pasture-land, of excellent quality, the soil being a sandy loam, on strata of lime-stone in the higher
grounds, and in the valleys, dark coloured stiff clay.
Springs arising in the hills, on the n. and w. severally run to the Ouse, northward, and to the con-
tributary streams to the Thames on the south.
THE VILLAGE,
the houses of which are built chiefly of rough stone, and some of clay, are mean, and deserve no par-
ticular mention ; but the industry which has been shown in the erection of many cottages on the waste
by the sides of the roads, to which garden-ground has been attached, have improved the appearance
of the place, and rendered it almost picturesque.
On the brow of the eminence northward, on which the village stands, is a remarkable spot in
which five or more, ancient roads appear to have met. These run nearly in direct lines, and those
which have not been enclosed in the adjacent fields, or materially altered in modern days, very plainly
indicate that they were ancient British Track-Ways. This is the spot which Browne Willis has
particularly mentioned as the Quinquevia alluded to in the account of North-lNIarston ;' but no
vestiges of antiquity are ascertained to have been found in the vicinity.
In 1712, Oving contained 150 inhabitants; and it was remarked that "amongst thirty or forty
families, were five or six of the religious sect called Anabaptists."" It is not affirmed that there is
more religion or morality now than in tlie last century, but the proselytes to that persuasion here have
certainly not increased.
In 1801, here were 34 houses and 305 inhabitants: in 1811, houses 51, inhabitants 357: in 1821,
houses 75, inhabitants 372 : in 1831, the inhabitants returned at 381. In 1598, Oving was assessed
for the Queen's Household at 2/. is. Sd. In 1712, the Land-tax returned at 116/. Gs.
In 1776, the expenses of the poor 69/. 13s. Gd. In 1783, returned at 103/. 12s. 8d. In 1781, at
103/. 15s. If/. In 1822, at 587/. 12s. In 1821, at 542/. 5s. after which, a very great increase of
expense rapidly ensued as in most of the agricultural districts, until this parish was, in 1835, included
in the Aylesbury Union.
THE MANOR,
before the conquest, l)elongcd to Edwin, one of King Edward's Thanes, who had power of alienation.
It was afterwards given to Geoffrey, Bishop of Constance, and by him held at two knight's fees as
ten hides : the land being sufficient for nine ploughs, four in demesne, and there might have been a
1 Page 339. 2 Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon.
OVING. 371
fifth. Eighteen villeins had three ploughs, and could have employed another, eight bordars, pasture
for four teams, woods for 200 hogs, altogether worth 101. When Geoffrey first held it, 100 shillings,
and 71. in the time of King Edward.'
After the forfeiture of the lands of the Bishop of Constance, about 1 093, this estate was given to
the Paganels, and formed part of the Barony of Dudley. Included therein, the seigniory of Oving
descended to the Somerys ;- and in 1285, Roger de Someri was called upon by Quo Warranto, to
prove his right to frank-pledge in Ovynge and Merston : whereupon he pleaded that these places
were part of his Barony in which he had view of frank-pledge of all his tenants, annually, without
payment to the King : and at Newport-Pagnell (the chief of his possessions in this County) he had
tumbrel, pillory and gallows, for punishment of offenders within his Manors, as his predecessors had
immemorially enjoyed.^
This estate descended with part of North-Marston to the Botetourts and Berminghams : was trans-
ferred to the Botelers, and after divers forfeitures, returned into that family in the reign of Henry VIII.
The INIesne Lords of Oving are obscurely traced, and the descent of their lands is involved in great
perplexity. The descendants of the knights, who were subfeudatories here under the Bishop of Con-
stance, are supposed to have matched with a family denominated from the place; and in 1165,
Mainfelin de Ovunges held two knight's fees under Gervase Pagnell ;* and in 1251, Robert de Ovinge
held one knight's fee under William de Beauchamp of Bedford, as of the Honour of Dudley •,^ ex-
cepting one hide in the hands of Ralph Chetwode under AVilliam de Say, who held of the King in
capite.^ Robert de Oving held two fees here belonging to the Manor of Newport-Pagnell, in 1 Ed. I.
having married the eldest of seven sisters whose names are not recorded, but who shared Oving
amongst them : another was married to one of the family of Tournay or Turney :' Robert Justine
or Justice married another. In 1218, lands in Oving had been passed by a fine between
Castella, wife of AVilliam Coulard, or Cralard, and Hugh Juvene, to whom and his heirs the estate was
granted, and under another fine, Castella released lands to John de Cruce and his heirs." In 1258,
Robert de Craunfield and Thomas Fitz-Simon, the Presbyter, passed a fine of lands in Oving and
North-Marston. In 1267, Ralph de Saunford or Sampford, and Isabel his wife, passed a fine by which
Isabel granted to John Carbonel and his heirs, certain lands in Owynges. Another fine was passed
between the Sampfords and Swayne de Ouynges, in 1269;^ and in 1270, Ralph and Isabel de Samp-
ford passed another fine with Walter de Wymberville and Damerona his wife,^" of lands in Oving and
North-Marston.
In 1258, lands in "Whitechurch and Oving" were passed by a fine between Ralph de la Mare and
Peter de la Mare, which Ralph granted to Peter for life," and about the same time, Hugh de Dunster,
and Alice his wife, passed a fine with Mabill, daughter of Philip de Cotes, of lands here.'-
In 1309, a fine was passed between Roger son of Peter Aleyn, of Kynelingworth, and Master
Nicholas de Ovvyng, of messuages, lands and rents here, and in North-Martston, which were granted
to the said Roger for life.'^
1 Terra. Epi. Constant'. In Essedene Hvnd. Duo Milites ten' de epo Olsonge. p. x. hid. se defd. Tra'. e. ix.
car. In dnio sunt iiii. et. quinta pot' fieri. Ibi. xviii. uilli hnt. in. car. et quarta pot' fieri. Ibi viii'". bord. ptu. iiii.
car. Silua. cc. pore. In totis ualent' ual. x. lib. Qdo. recep : c. sol. T. R. E : vii. lib. Hoc. CO. tenuit. Eduuin' teign'
R.E. uende' potuit. Lib. Censual. Tom. i. f. 145.
2 Esc. 1. Ed. I. n° 16. and 16 Ed. II. n" 72.
3 Placit. quo War. 14 Ed. I. p. 89. See also Newport. ■* Lib. Nig. Scac. vol. i. p. 39.
s Testa de Nevil p. 248. 6 ibid. p. 252. ^ See Cublixgton.
8 Rot. Fin. 43. Hen. III. 9 Ibid. 52 & 54 Hen. III. i» Ibid. 55 Hen. III.
11 Rot. Fin. 43 Hen. III. i= Ibid. '5 ib. 3 Ed. II.
372 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
In 1316, messuages and lands here were passed by a fine between William le Waur, and William
Penros ; and in 1322, William de Penros or Pencos, by deed, dated 19 July, granted all his lands in
Oving and North-jVIarston, to Walter his son in fee, who immediately regranted the premises to his
father for life, reserving to himself the fee; and 6 Jan. 1332, William Penros granted his lands in
Oving, North-]\Iarston, Folebroc, and Cheryndon (qu. Charndon) to Thomas de Tochewyk and his
heirs, and 30 Sept. 1332, made an agreement with the said Thomas, and Jane his wife, (supposed the
daughter and heiress of William Penros) whereby the latter conveyed his estate to the said Thomas
and Jane, who agreed " to allow to William Penros during his life sucli meat and drink as they them-
selves used, and to find him a robe, two pair of breeches of the price of 2s. 8(1. two new shirts of the
price of 3,s. four pair of shoes with a suitable bed :" and 25 March, 1333, William Penros released to
Thomas Tochewyk, and Jane and their heirs, all his claims to lands here and in North-lNIarston, for-
merly belonging to his father, Pvichard Penros.
Thomas de Tochewyk had also acquired lands in Ouvynge, North-^Iarston, and Whitchurch, by
fines passed with William, son of Ernald de Church-Wavre' and Cecilia, his wife, in 1321, and
Pvichard Giffard, in 1331:" and "in Easter-//V/c, 1335, in consideration of 6s. 8d. Anne, called the
widow of William Penros," released to Thomas Tochewyk, all her right of dower in Ovyng and
Marston.
In 1338, William Blamiscourt granted to Thomas de Tochewyk and Jane his wife, a rent charge
with the arrears thereof, payable out of lands belonging formerly to Walter de Wymberville in Oving,
and North-Marston : and 14. Jan. 1352, Nicholas, son of John Blakeney, released to Thomas and
Jane Tochewyk, all claims to lands formerly belonging to William Penros and Walter his son.'
William Fitz-Ernald, Arnold or Neale, is supposed to have been the son of Thomas Fitz-Arnold, by
Beatrix de Trayli,* of whose family some particulars are mentioned in the account of Ludgershall.
Robert Justyn, before mentioned, by deed without date, granted to Martyn de Ylmer and Alice his wife,
daughter of the said Robert, and their heirs, in frank marriage, lands in Oving and Marston : and in
1331, Robert, son of Richard Justyn, granted all his rights in the lands in Oving and Marston, which
he had purchased of William de Waunne (Waddesdon) by a deed executed in the County-court at
Aylesbury.
By these several grants the greater part of Oving, and a considerable portion of North-Marston,
became vested in Thomas and Jane de Tochewyk, who by deed, 7 July, 1361, granted their estate to
Master John Wro, and Roger le Clerk of Oving, and their heirs, and by an agreement previously to
the marriage of Nicholas, son and heir of Richard de Arches of Edrop (Eythrope) and Matilda his
wife, with Jane, daughter and heir of Thomas de Tochewyk, and Jane his wife, (which marriage they
approved) V(yo and Roger le Clerk regranted the estate to Thomas and Jane de Tochewyk for their
lives, and after the death of the survivor, to Nicholas de Arches and Jane, and their heirs, and if no
issue, then to Richard Arches, brother of Nicholas and his heirs '.^ for which marriage and grant,
Richard de Arches paid forty pounds in silver : and it was agreed tliat the said Richard should main-
tain his son Nicholas, and Jane, his intended wife, until the Manor of Elmedon (Elmdon) co. North-
ampton, should, by the death of John Lovct" and Margaret his wife, fall to the said Nicholas de
Arches: and that Ricliard de Arches, if the said Jane survived her husband, should pay to her ten
WAnnrsDON. - Rot. Fin. 18 Ed. II. and 5 Ed. III.
From Original Deeds in the Archives of the Right Hon. James Eveianl Lord Arundel, at Wardour Castle.
See Li-DGEiiHiiALL, p. 337.
Eytuuoi'i;, and Pedigree of De .Aiicur.us. 6 SouLnvuY, and Pedigree of Lovet.
OVING. 373
marks (61. 13s. 4d.) per ann. out of Oving.^ By this marriage, the family of Darches or De Arcubus
acquired the estate : which descended to John Lord Dynham," of Caer Dynham, afterwards Carden-
ham, CO. Cornwall : and subsequently came to Sir John Arundell of Lanham, who in 22 Hen. VIII.
(1530) held about one fourth part of the lands before described ; the rest being presumed to have
passed into the possession of several Ecclesiastical establishments.
Oseney-Abbei/ Lands, in Oving, were acquired partly by the gift of Uobert or William de Turney,
of his share of the inheritance of the ancestors of his wife/ and confirmed by William his son,* and
partly by other benefactors. Robert de Oving gave a cottage to this Convent, and Robert Juvene,
Justine, or Justice,^ gave half an acre of land here, to the same foundation.
In 1218, (33 Hen. III.) Adam, Purveyor of the Lepers' Hospital at Crowmershe, co. Oxon, and
Richard, Purveyor to the Hospital at Wycombe, released to the Convent of Oseney, their tithes in
Oving, which grant was confirmed at an assize held at Eton.*' These foundations had been then
recently established ; and in 1267, Walter Champyun settled upon the Master and Brethren of those
Hospitals respectively, and their successors, the tenth shock of corn from demesne lands in Oving,
formerly belonging to Wigo de WaUiiff/ord, and customarily taken, after the tithe corn set apart for
the Church, according to a Charter by which the said donation was given or restored to the Convent,
by Champyun.'
About two years afterwards, an agreement was made between Richard and John, Masters of the
Hospitals, and the Brethren respectively, and Robert Fitz-Ptobert, John de Bereford, Robert Justyn,
Ralph de Sampford and Isabel his wife, William de Juvene and Hugh de la Croy (then possessors of
part of the lands here) by whom the tenth shock of corn claimed by the Hospitallers had been with-
held, and the Masters released their claims to the accustomed payment ; the other party covenanting
to supply in lieu thereof, six quarters of barley and three bushels of beans, to those Hospitals.**
Oseney-Ahhey Lands, in Oving, were rated in 1291, at \l Is. 7^d. per ann. besides certain meadows
and a mill,^ which not being noticed in Domesday Survey, was probably a wind-mill of later erection.
At the dissolution of Religious Houses, these possessions were computed at 36s. per ann. and granted
by King Henry VIII. to his College in Oxford.'" In 1532, the Manor of Oving, as parcel of the pos-
sessions of Oseney was bestowed on the Dean and Chapter of Oxford, then newly founded : '' and by
1 From the Archives of the Rt. Hon. James-Everard, Lord Arundel, at Wardour Castle.
- Pedigree of De Arcubus and Dynham, in Waddesdon. ^ Rot. Hund. p. 23.
■* Regist. de Oseney.
5 The varied orthography of this name, has occasioned some suspicion, that this Robert was the same person as
Robert de Oving.
6 Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon.
7 Inter RicuiB. Magfm. Hosp. infirmor. de Wyciimbe et Johem JWagfm Hosp. infirmor'. de Crewmerse, Q'. et VValtrm
Champyun de hoc quod Magfi questi quod ipse et fres Hospitaliii. p'dcor' pcipere debeant decimam garbam pvenient. de
Dnicis terris q' fuef. Wigani de Walingford in Ovinge post decimam garbam data Ecclie parochial, loci illius p. cartam
ipsius Wigani qm. inde Waltus qui qiidam ptem. terrar. pdcar.' tenet detinet decimam garbam, &c. Rot. Fin. 52 Hen. III.
8 Inter Ricum Magrum Hospitalis Infirmor. de Wycombe et Johem Magrum Hospitalis Infirmor de Crowemerse Q. et
Robtm fil. Robti. Johem de Bereford Robtum Justyn, Radum de Sampford et Isabellam ux' ejus Willm. de Juvene et
Hugonem de la Croy de hoc quod Magfi questi fuerunt quod ipi. et fres Hospitalium pdcor. pcipere debeant decimam
garbam provenientem de dominicis terris que fuerunt Wigani de Walingford in Ovyng post decimam garbam datam
Ecclie pochiale loci illius p. caitam ipsius Wigani qm inde hent Robs. fil. Robti. Johes, Robtus, Justyn, Radus, et Isabella,
Wills' et Hugo qui quandam partem terrar' pdicar' tenent detinent decimam garbam, &c. pdci Magri Hospitalium pdcor'
remiserunt jus suum in predicta decima Garba defendentibz. et ipi reddent Magris et successorib. sex quarteria ordei mundi
et puri et tres bussellas fabarum ad Fest, Sci. Nichis. Rot. Fin. Buck. 54 Hen. III.
9 Taxat. Eccles. P. Nich. p. 46.
10 Val. Eccles. vol. ii. p. 219. " Rot. Pat. 34 Hen. VIII : Test. 15 Sept.
374 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
another patent, messuages and lands here, were granted for a valuable consideration, to Sir Anthony
Lee, Knt. of Burston, and John Croke, Esq. in free soccagc to hold by fealty, and 3s. 4d. per arm.
rent as of the Honour of Ewelme/
The family of Lee had previously possessed lands here, with an estate at North-Marston, and so
complicated are the accounts preserved of alliances of the families of Hampden, Lee, Duncombe, and
Throckmorton, and of the transfers of their property in Hogshaw, Claydon, North-Marston, and here
in Oving, that it is exceedingly difficult to disperse the cloud of ambiguity which envelopes them. In
1529, a fine was passed between Edmund Peckham, Robert Cheyne, Esq. Elizabeth, daughter of the
same Robert Cheyne, and second wife of Benedict Lee, of Hulcote, William Walsingham, Paul
Dayrell, and John Williams, with William Billing and Theobalda his wife, of a manor and lands in
Oving." This was probably the estate which had been settled on Elizabeth, daughter of Robert
Cheyne, Esq. of Chesham-Bois, by the will of her husband Benedict Lee, Esq. of Hulcote, who be-
queathed his estate here, to his said widow, charged with payment of the portions of his younger
children.^ Sir Robert Lee, Knt. son of Benedict, who was of Elstrop or Helsthorpe in Drayton-
Beauchamp, (and nephew of the first Sir Robert of Burston) married Lucy, daughter of Thomas
Pigot, Esq. of Beachampton, and there were also intermarriages between the families of Lee and
Duncombe, and Throckmorton, as appear in their respective pedigrees, and in the Parochial Registers
of the neighbouring jilaces, until at length issue failing in some of these branches, and alienations
being effected by others, consequent upon the civil war, and various forfeitures incurred, the lands in
Oving, North-Marston, and Hogshaw, were transferred, and the estate which had been acquired here,
by Mr. Serjeant Pigot of Whaddon,* which had been by will 25 Feb. 11 Hen. VHL given in remainder
to Roger Pigot, his third son on his coming of age, (who resided at Oving, and whose son Francis suc-
ceeded him, but left daughters only,) appears to have been alienated about the same time that the in-
heritance of the Throckmortons and Lanes in Claydon, Hogshaw and Fulbrook were transferred to
new possessors, and including the lands of the Clavers, ultimately came to John Ligram-Lockhart, Esq.
and other modern proprietors.
St. Alhatis-A/ibe;/ Lands, in this parish, were a donation to that house, by RLiud de Estune f per-
haps of a family deriving their name from Aston-Abbat's, a vill belonging to the Abbats of St. Albans.''
Nigel de Chauzon was tenant to the Abbey, of these lands, which in 1291, were valued at 21. 19s. 8d.
per annJ
Cirencester-Ahhey Lands seem to have been acquired in the reign of John f and in the time of
King Henry HL^ the seventh part of Oving was held under this Abbey, by Robert Justine, so that
the portion of one of the seven co-heiresses, had been previously settled upon the Abbey, and was
afterwards held under the monks.
Medmenham-Abheii Lands liere, are described as one moiety of a seventh part, but by whom given,
or to whom subsequently transferred, is undiscovered ; unless these were the lands granted in modern
days to the family of Lee. Lysons states that a Manor or reputed Manor here, is vested in Magdalen
College, Oxford, under which it is presumed to have been held by lease with lands in North-Marston,
by Francis Wastie, Esq. of Haseley, co. Oxon.'" and passed by the marriage of his daughter and
> lb. 37 Hen. VIFI : Test. 6. Mar. See also p. 22.
- Rot. Fin. 21 Hen. VIll. ■•' Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl.
•■■ See Pedigrees of Pigot of Wiiaddon, and Pigot of Doddersh.all.
s Matildis de Estuna dedit huic EcclesiBO terram suam de Owynges. MS. Cotton. Nero D. vii. fol. 89; in Monast.
Anglic, vol. ii. p. 220.
c See Aston-Abbats. f Taxat. P. Nic. p. 46. « Monast. Anglic, vol vi. p. 76. n.
0 Rot. Hund. If See Noiitii-Marston, p. 335
OVING. 375
heiress, to John Ingram-Lockhart, Esq.' sometime M.P. for the City of Oxford, and Barrister-at-Law,
who possessing this estate was " content to hold it, without affording any information of the manner
in which it was acquired," considering perhaps, that manorial descent is not the proper subject of topo-
graphical history, but rather of legal controversy for men of his own temper and profession."
In 1606, King James demised to Silas Tyto, land called Cow-Pasture, which had been encroached
and taken out of the waste, belonging to the Honour of Ampthill, in Oving, in the possession or occu-
pation of Ralph Redman, Richard Grace, Richard Harris, John Pursell, Thomas Crispe, and Thomas
Billing, for forty years, at 20/. per ami. and 64s. to be paid at the end of three months quiet
possession.^
PEDIGREE OF REDMAN, of OVING.
From Harleian MSS. 1533, fol. 5.
Arms: (5181. fol. 26.) 1 Redman. — Gules, 3 cushions ermine, tasseled Or.
2 — Gules, a Lion rampt. Argent, a fleur-de-lis Azure for difference.
Thomas Redmjin, of Woving, co. Bucks.=pjANE. dau. of Lambum, of Waddesdon.
, of Woving.:
iRiDGET, dau. of Thos. Cole, Thomas =Frances, dau. of John ALicE.^John Moore, alias INIeredith, of Overfield.
f North-Ley, CO. Glouc. wid. John Hastings, Esq. of Elford, Joan, =Richard Love, of Lenborough.
of Richard Poyner, of Lining- Edward, co. Oxon. mar. 2dly to Anne. ^Thomas Forster, of Cambridge.
Knt.
ston-Lovell, co. Oxon. Sir Edmd. Vemey, Knt. AoNES^Richard Kettyll, of Bishops-Langley, Herts.
-i of Fendley, co. Herts, as
Elizabeth. Jane. his first wife; ob. s. p.
[Pedig. of Verney, p. 179.]
[N.B. Robert Redman, Printer, at the sign of the George, near St. Dunstan's Church in Fleet Street, jnarried, according to some accounts, Elizabeth,
relict of ) who survived him, and was living in 1541 ; and marri
(relict of ) who survived him, and was living in 1541 ; and married 2dly to Ralph Cholmondely, Esq. in some accounts, but in others is designated
as the wife of Pykering, or Pickeringe. See Gent. Blag. vol. xc. P. ii. p. 515. These accounts are contradictory to each other, and tke writer of
this History will not pledge himself for the correctness of either of them.]
In 1675, Arthur Cleaver, or Claver, Gent, by Indenture, 20 May (27 Car. II.) conveyed to John
Nourse, Esq. of Wood-Eaton, co. Oxon, and Ralph Smith of Islip, Gent, certain messuages in Oving,
which in 1677, Francis Nourse of Wood-Eaton, John Nourse, and others, sold to Gerard Langbaine
of Hollywell, or St, Cross in Oxford.
It does not clearly appear in what manner the family of Claver acquired this estate : but a pedigree
in the Harleian MSS. expresses their alliances in a manner very different from the account of Browne
Willis, who mentions the marriage of Marmaduke Claver with the sister or next kinswoman of
Edward Smith of Foxcote, about 1574, that Marmaduke died in 1605, leaving Matthew his son and
heir, at whose death, circ. 1612, John Claver succeeded to his estate, whose issue male failing, Jane,
widow of Matthew Claver, and daughter of George Tyrrell, Esq. of Thornton, carried the estate by
her second marriage to John Philips of Foxcote :^ that the patronage of the church of Oving, belonged
to Marmaduke Claver in 1574, to Matthew in 1601, and to John in 1612, and in the Parochial
Register, are entries of the baptism of Marmaduke, son of Matthew in 1589, and his burial in 1595.^
1 Magn. Brit. vol. i. p. 617. 2 See North-Marston, p. 335.
3 Rot. Pat. 4 Jac. 1. Test. 10. Mar. * Willis's Hist, of the Hund. of Buck. p. 188. 5 ibid. p. 191.
376
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
PEDIGREE OF CLAVER or CLEAVER, of OVING.
From Ilarleian IMSS. 1533, fol. Sl^. in JMus. Brit, with additions.
S. a bar gemel 0. between tlu-ee Towers, triple-towered A. Crest, a Lion's gamb, couped and erect 0. holding a Key, S. [Edmondson."
Harbourne. — Gu. a
VER, of Foscot and Ov
I pass. O. between three Bezants.
t=Elizabeth, dau. of Henry Watts, of Whaddon.
=FjANE,dau. of Geo. Tirrell, Esq. 2. Cl
of Thornton; mar. 2illy to John Ci
Philips. [PlDIG.ofTlBRtLLof
tNT 3. AuTllUR =pE
Clavi
ofOvir
lt)34.
Will.Sraith, D.C.L.
ofAkeley.
ELlZABhTIl.
Cecily.
Eleanor, mar. to Geo. Pigot, 2d son of Tho. Pigot,
Esq. of Beachampton.
thew, bapt. at :
1589; bur. 1595.
[Willis's Buck.
Joan, dau. 2. Jonx Claver, =Anne,
of Simon patron of Foxcote dau. of
Harbourne, of Ch. 1612. Tho.
St. Clement [Willis's Buck. Greene.
Danes,Loud. p. 190.]
Arthur Claver,
a2t. ly. 1634.
^Frances,
4. Cleme.t
Jane, mar. to Tho. Gnibb,
dau. of
Claver,
of Cranford, Beds.
Fra. Bos-
5. Thomas
=Mary,
Anne, mar. to Rie. Dagnall.
tock, of
Claver.
dau. of
of Tring, Herti.
London.
Elizadeth, mar. to Ralph
Smith, of . . . CO. Bucks.
Pen-
ning-
Marv.
Gerard Langbaine, the purchaser of this estate, was younger son of Gerard Langbaine, Provost of
Queen's College, and born in Oxford, loth July, 1656. He was first at Denton School near Cud-
desden, and afterwards apprenticed to a Bookseller in London, but on the death of his elder brother
William, was removed to Oxford, and in 1672, a Gentleman-Commoner of University College, where,
becoming a great jockey, and neglecting his studies, he dissipated part of his estate, then married, and
lived at ^yick, or Headington, near Oxford, where he amused himself with dramatic poetry. In
1690, he was elected Inferior Beadle of Arts; in 1691, Superior Beadle of Law, and was the
author of " The Hunter; a Discourse on Horsemanship, Oxon. 1685, 8vo. affixed to the 3rd edition
of the Gentleman's Recreation, by Colonel Edward Cook of Gloucestershire," who was a member of
the Long-Parliament, but becoming disgusted at their violence, made many efforts to save the King,
whom he attended in the Isle of Wight, and on the INIonarch's sudden removal from Carisbroke
to Hurst-Castle, being commanded to write an account of that transaction, compiled a narrative,
which after his death was published under the title of
Certain Passages which happened at Newport, Isle of Wight, Nov. 29. 1648, relating to King Chas. I.
Momus Triumphans, or Plagiaries of the English Stage, Lond. 1688. 4to.]with a Preface, (contrary to his wishes,)
but afterwards reprinted, with an Advertisement, as a New Catalogue of English Plays, &c. 1 688.
An Account of the Enghsh Dramatic Poets, 1691. 8vo.
Appendix to a Catalogue of all Graduates in Divinit)', Law, and Physic, &c. (by Richard Peers, Superior
Beadle of Arts and Physic) containing the names of all the Proceeders, &c. from July, 1688, to 6 Aug. 1690.
He was also supposed to be the author of " The Hermaphrodite," •■ a novel, conjectured by Ant.
Wood, to have been translated from the French of Chavigny, in 1687. He died 23 June, 1692,
and was buried at St. Peter's in the East, Oxford.
A Manor in Oving is said to have been acquired by Henry Lovebond, Esq. Master in Chancery, who
died 9 Aug. 1727. He had been educated at Kingston School, in Surrey, attained some eminence in
literature, and was a contributor to the essays published under the title of The World in which he
wrote, n. 82, 93, 132, and 134 to 137, inclusive,'- and was succeeded in this estate by his son, a
captain in the army, who died 30 May, 1733.' About 1735, Henry Lovebond Collins, Esq. nephew
' Wood's Athena, vol. ii. p. 89-2.
- Gent. Mag. vol. xcli. P. 1. p.225 ; also, Life of Gilbert Wakefield.
3 Gent. Mag. vol.
OVING.
377
of the purchaser, conveyed his estate here to Francis Tyringham, Esq. of Nether-Winchendon/ after
whose death, without issue, it passed by the marriage of his eldest sister Parnell, to Charles Pils-
worth, Esq. Barrister-at-Law ; and (15 Geo, II.) M.P. for Aylesbury. Parnell Pilsworth, dying in
1741, he married, secondly, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas Cave, Bart, of Stanford, co. North-
ampton, by Margaret Verney, youngest daughter of John Viscount Fermanagh," and dying 4 Jan. 1745,
his widow held this estate, which after her decease was conveyed (about 1756) by Sir Thomas
Cave, Bart, her brother and executor, to Richard Hopkins, Esq. who, about 1789, demolished the
mansion-house, and converted part of the offices left on its site into a residence for his tenant.
Richard Hopkins, Esq. of whose family a short pedigree is annexed, bequeathed his estate here, to
his sister's second son, Richard Northey, who, with the Royal permission, took the name of Hopkins,
in 1 809, attained the rank of Lieutenant-General, and is the present possessor.
PEDIGREE OF HOPKINS, of OVING, and NORTHEY-HOPKINS.
rms : Sab. on a Chevron Or, three Roses between three Guns mounted to the dexter point.
Bond-Hopkins. [Gent. JMag. vol. Ixv. P. i. p. 396.] S. a chevron Ei-minois between three pistt
4. Gu. an escutcheon within an orle of mullets Arg. Chamberlain. Gu. on a ch. Arg. two mullets
[Sha
; Staffordshire, vol. i. p. 84.] or, as borne by the family of
5 many roses Gu. barbed and seeded proper. Quarterly 1. and
Win lAM Hopkins, 1473; "one of the Council of forty-eight of the City of Coventry." 1 Ric. 3.
William Hopkins, Draper of Coventry, 1557,
ill dated 6 Mar. 1569.
Mayor, 1564 =^
Nicholas HOPMNS, Sheriff
ofCoventry, 1561.
s, Lord of Shortley, [qu. Shottery, or Shrewley?] co. Warwick,
Samp
Urap
ichaL Hopkins, of Coventry, 11 April, 1582.
William Hoi'kin
1624.=p
.ipsON Hopkins, Mayor of Coventry 1609; M.P. 1620; ob. 1622.=pjA
qu.!
SiH Richard Hopkins, Knt. Serj. at-Law;==SA
Steward ofCoventry, 1647; M.P. 1659;
Lord of Foleshill : knighted by King Cha
2. Ob. Jan. 1682, in Hampshire.
Sampson Hopkins, Sheriff of Coventry, Anne, youngest dau. mar. to
1632; Mayor, 1640; appointed to at- M.Babington, Esq. of Temple
tend K. Cha. 1. in 1642, at Leicester; Rothley; M.P. Ob. 7 Jan.
but prevented by the Parliament. 1648, lEt. 33.
RiCHABD Hopkins, Esq. M. P. for=,=M
Wai-wick. 1678, 1687; Coventry. 1690
1698 ; ob. 1 Feb. 1707; a?t. 68; bur
at St. Michael's Ch. Coventry.
dau. of ... . Johnson. Tho5ias Hopkins, Esq.
Ob. 13 Oct. 1711, a;t- 63. Steward of Coventry, 1
[Hist, of Coventry, and Gent. Nov. 1687; J\LP. Com.
Mag. vol. Ixxxii. P. 1 . p. 345.] of the Salt Duties.
Edward Hopkins, Esq. b. 1673;=
M.P. for Coventry, 1701, 1705,
1708; M.P. for Eye, 1713, 13.14,
22 ; Sect, for Ireland and Commis-
sioner of the Revenue, 1721 ; of the
Privy Council: ob. 17 Jan. 1735,
£et. 62, at Ewell, co. Surrey.
Anna-Maria, dau. of Hugh Cham-
berlain, M.D. of St. Paul's, Covent-
Garden, Westr. and Alderton-Hall,
Suffolk , by Mary, dau. and sole heu'ess
Sir Rich. HopKiNS,=
Knt. Alderman of
London, D.C.L.
Oxon.2July,173l;
f Nat. Bacon, Esq. of Freston, Suff. ob. 17 Jan. 1735, eullier
mar. 28 Feb. 1725; ob. vidua 9 Feb. bur.atLow-Leyton, Esq.
1768 ; at. 67, bur. at Coventry. co. Essex.
1746.
OP- Sarah, mar. John
675 to Sir Will. Hop-
1. Goodrich, Kt. kins. i
). Elizabeiii.
NORTHEY.
WiLIIAM N0RTHKY,Esq.(eld.=
son of Sir Edw. Northey, Knt.
of Compton-Basset) iM.P. for
Calne and Wootton-Basset :
Ob. 11 Nov. 1708.
The Captain Sentry of Steele
and Addison, in the Spectator.
:ABiGAiL,dau. of Sir
Tho. Webster, Bt.
of Copt-Hall, CO.
Essex ; mar. 19 Sept.
1721 ; 3dly to Sir
... Thomas, Bt. of
Wenvoe, co. Gla-
morgans. 11. P. for
I Chippenham.
Richard Hopkins, Esq. b. 1728, at Coventry, Clk. of Bevj. Hopkins,
the Board of Green Cloth, 1766; Com. of the Ad- 1730; ob. 1748.
miralty, 1782; of the Treasury, 1784 to 1791 ; M.P. MARv.b. 1725 ;
(for 38 years) for Queenborough, 1792; Harwich, ob. 1742.
Thetford, &c. ob. 18 Mar. 1799, coelebs, bur. 30 Mar.
at Coventry.
A:
Gt. Missenden, by sp(
cial license, 4 May,
1751; ob. 30 Dec. 1822
bur. at Bath.
, William Northey, 2. Edward Nor
Esq. M.P. for New- Coll. Camb. A. B. 1777;
port, CO. Cornwall, A. M. 1780 ; Canon of Wind-
1796 to 1826. sor, 20 May, 1797.
Richard =j=CHARLOTrE Isabella
Edward dau. of the Hon. Sii
Northey. | Will. Anson, G. C. B
4vmar. 1828.
2d dau. of Edw. Taylor,
icksbourn, co. Kent, sist.
of the Rt. Hon. Sir Brook and of the
Rt. Hon. Sir Herbert Taylor, Bart.
G. C. H. Pr. Sec. to K. Geo. 3, K.
Geo. 4, and K. Will. 4.
1731 ; mar. at=pWiLLiAM Northey, Esq. of Compton-Basset, co.
Wilts. D.C.L. Oxon. 2 July, 1754; Groom of
the Bedchamber to K. Geo. 3, 1760; M. P. for
Calne, ; Maidstone, 1761; Great-Bedwin,
1769; Lt-Col. of Wilts. Militia ; Commissioner
of Board of Trade; ob. 24 Dec. 1770.
. Lucy, dau.
Thompson,
don and . .
CO. Essex.
. Charlotte,=?=2. Richard Northey, took=
(qu. ?) Wray, the name of Hopkins af. the
ofMonaghan, | death of his uncle Rich,
in Ireland. | Hopkins in- 1799; Lt.-CoL
32 reg. Uaj.-Gen. .. Lt.-
Gen. 1809.
Esq.
,=pA. E. dau. of Gerald Fortescue,
j Esq. of Dom Ireland, mar.
^10 July, 1807, Clifton.
Frances.
only dau.
Richard
2. Lucv, mar. 3
to J. G. Rowley
Montague St. at
July, 1837,
, Esq. of Up.
jMarylebone.
» See WiNCHENDON, and Pedigrees of Tyringiiam.
VOL. I.
■ See page, 179.
3c
378 ASHENDON HUNDRED
OVING-HOUSE,
on tlie south side of the village, is a pleasing object in perspective from the Vale of Aylesbury, over
which it commands a fine view, into Herts, Berks, and Oxfordshire. It was built in the last century
by Cha. Pilsworth, Esq. and improved and enlarged by Richard Hopkins, Esq. who made it his prin-
cipal residence ; and in whose time, two fine avenues of lofty elms, the branches of which were inter-
twined in an arch of natural trellis, formed the approach to the mansion, and flanked the south front ;
but have been since cut down and the grounds apparently neglected. The entrance is by a portico
in the north front, to which is a carriage drive from the s.w. angle of the lawn, through a shrubbery.
Having been occupied during some years by General Northey-Hopkins, it was subsequently tenanted
by the Rev. Edward Vaughan, and from 1812, by Sir Thomas Digby Aubrey, Bart.* who still resides
here.
Another mansion contiguous to the north side of the premises, and formerly the residence of a
branch of the family of Cartwright, was taken down about 1789, on coming, by purchase, into the
possession of Richard Hopkins, Esq.
THE RECTORY AND ADVOWSON.
The Advowson was bestowed upon the Prior and Brethren of the Hospital of St. John of Jeru-
salem, by one of the ancient lords of this place, either of the family of Peverell or of Somery, to the
former of which it had been given before the reign of Henry HI. and the patronage was exercised by
the knights until the dissolution of their Order ; when coming to the Crown, the Lord Chancellor or
Lord Keeper of the Great Seal, has since regularly presented to the Rectory, which is rated in the
King's Books at 11. Is. \\d: yearly tenths 15s. 9^f/ : archidiaconals 10s. Ihd: formerly charged with
a pension of 2/. 13.s. 4f/. per ann. to the Priory of St. John of Jerusalem, in England.
In 1552, King Edw. VI. granted for good services to Sir Edw. Bray, Knt. John Thornton, and John
Danby, their heirs and assigns, in free soccage, one acre in South-field, a rood in Orchard-furlong,
one acre and a half called Sepulchre-land, cum pert, formerly given for a light in North-Marston
Church, and then in the King's hands under an Act of Parliament.'-
In 1571, Queen Ehzabeth granted (inter, al) to Richard Hill, of the County of Essex, and William
James of London, Gent, one acre and one rood of land in North-Marston Field, given for a light
before the Image of St. Nicholas in Oving Church, half an acre near Fulwell Hill,^ in the occupation
of Thomas Purcell of Oving, given to the same use : and one acre and a half in Oving, in the occu-
pation of Edward Nicholls and Edward Meger, Church-Wardens, in free soccage, to hold by fealty
and 2^d. per ann. rent.'
Mr. Hill, who was a benefactor to this and other parishes is presumed to have been a descendant of
the grantee of that name, and to have bestowed upon the poor this property, formerly dedicated to
superstitious uses. Three small cottages, near the church-yard, which, with about half an acre of land,
had been appropriated to the repairs of the church, and were occupied by poor persons, are supposed
to have been derived from his kindness.
^ See BoAiisTALL, and Pedigree of Aubrey.
= l{ot. Pat. 5 Ed. VI. Test. 1 Sept. See also, North-.AIahston, p. 338
s Qu. Fulbrook, adjacent to this parish on the s.w. See page 270.
* Rot. Pat. 14 Eliz. Test. 8 March.
OVING. 379
The half acre of land on Flowlcervell Hill in Oving, described also as late belonging to the parish
church, was again granted in 1588 (31 Eliz.) by the Queen to Sir Edward Stanley, Knt. and his
heirs at 2f/. jyer ann. rent.
A Terrier exhibited in 1822 at the Visitation of George Lord Bishop of Lincoln, at Aylesbury,
describes the Rectory as compi'ising a tiled dwelling house, fifty-four feet long, and sixteen feet
broad, with two stables adjoining each other, twenty-eight feet by eighteen feet, and a thatched barn,
forty feet by twenty.
The church-yard of two roods, the wall and gate made by the parish ; a garden containing twenty-five
perches adjoining the house and barn : the fence maintained by the Rector. Eight acres of arable
called the church close, adjoining to the high road on the south, the lands of Messrs. Gates and Biggs
on the west, and of General Hopkins on the east, and the Sheep-walk on the north. A piece of
arable of one acre called the Four-yards, the fence of which toward the highway on the west to be
made by the Rector. Stone-pit close of six acres : three roods of sward land adjoining the road on
the south: four acres and five acres lying together, on the east, adjoining the land of Mr. Barnard,
and on the west and south, contiguous to the road ; being, the glebe, which with the tythe and other
profits of the Rectory, amount to about 250L per ann} The following articles belonging to the
church : one communion table, with a cover of green cloth, one linen cloth, a napkin, one pewter
flaggon, one silver chalice, weighing about four ounces : one paten, one basin for the offertory :
one table of degrees : one chest with three locks, in the vestry," one pulpit and reading desk, one pulpit
cushion, covered with green cloth, one large bible, two large common prayer books, three bells with
their frames, the first two feet six inches in diameter, dated 1627 ; the second two feet nine inches,
with the same date, and inscribed, "God save the King," the third, two feet eleven inches, dated 1617 ;
a bier, hearse-cloth, two surplices, parchment register books; the seats in the church and chancel,
(except the Rector's pew) repaired, time immemorial, at the expence of the parish.
Adam, presented in 1'222 by the Prior of St. John of Philip de Thame, Prior of St. John of Jerusalem. He
Jerusalem. exchanged for Sandon, Rectory, co. Stafford, with
William de Hichling, 1237, presented by Rob. de Simon Aleyn 30 June, 1359 : who exchanged for the
Dyve, Prior of St. John of Jerusalem. vicarage of Stanstead Abbots, co. Herts, with^
Geoffery died in 1262 ; and was succeeded by Hugh Knight, who was instituted 7 Dec. 1368, on the
Adam de Hecham, 1262, on the presentation of the presentation of John Paveley, Prior of St. John of Jeru-
Prior of St. John of Jerusalem. He died in 1274, and salem.
was succeeded by Adam Hargrave presented 26 March, 1376, by Robert
Robert de Dorton, 31 July, 1274; at whose death, Hales, Prior of St. John of Jerusalem. He exchanged
Robert de Hopton was presented, 24 Sept. 1306. for the vicarage of Aldington in Kent, with
Ivo de Haddenham, 1 Dec'. 1347. Robert Tindale, 16 April, 1382, who exchanged for
William de Olney resigned in 1349 ; and was sue- the Rectory of St. Mary-Overy in Southwark, with
ceeded by John Wandspe, 5 April, 1383; who exchanged for the
Simon Britt de Eveston presented, 20 Feb. 1349; by Rectory of St. Mary-Magdalen in London, with
1 In a more recent return, the clear annual value of the Rectory is stated at 132/. ; the Church said to be capable of
containing 160 persons ; and the number of Inhabitants in the parish 384.
- The precaution of our ancestors in securing property from embezzlement, by providing numerous locks for charity chests,
and severally entrusting their keys to different persons, seems to have been too much disregarded, many instances having
occurred in which three or four locks are all opened by the same key, entirely defeating the intention of those who seem to
have known the advantage of preventing access, unless in the presence of many persons : and thus guarding against frau-
dulent conduct in any of them.
3 Clutterbuck's Herts, vol. iii. p. 246.
380
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
John Brampton, 13 Feb. 1386.
William Sulgrave, exchanged for the Vicarage of
St. Giles in Oxford, with
William Fdix de Lanr/toft, 23 Feb. 1398.
Edward Griffiths, presented 15 May, 1460, on the
resignation of the last Rector, not named ; and resigning,
was succeeded by
John Vaughan, instituted 26 Aug. 1502. He died,
and was succeeded by
Thomas Richardson, 20 April, 1505: who died in
1 523, and was buried here, with an epitaph, " Of your
charite pray for the soul of Thomas Ricliardson, some-
tyme parson of this church, which deceased the xiij day
of December, 1 523, on whose soul Jhu Mcy." '
George Childeron, succeeded 18 March 1523, on the
presentation of the Prior of St. John of Jerusalem, being
the last Rector under that patronage. He was suc-
ceeded by
John Harjward, 9 July, 1 544, presented by the Crown.
Richard Boston, instituted 1 559.
Griffith Thomas, succeeded in 1565.
William Wilson, instituted 24 May, 1575. He re-
signed and
William Mar sham -na^s instituted, 11 March, 1575, on
the presentation of the King : and buried here 1 7 June,
1614."
Hugh Diccas, 1614: was of Brazen- Nose Coll. Oxon.
A.B.
Stephen Allanson, B. D. inducted, 1616, and buried
here, 10 March, 1660.
Hannibal Barnes, instituted 1 6 Mar. 1 660, ha\dng been
previously Perpetual Curate of North-Marston. ' He
was buried here, 15 June, 1672.
Samuel Harrison, A.M. presented 20 June, 1672: re-
signed on being instituted to the third portion of Wad-
desdon,'' and was succeeded in this Rectory by
Her?ie Harrison, instituted 14 Feb. 1711. He died
in 1730 ; and was buried here.
The Honourable William Carmichael, L.L.D. of the
University of Cambridge, Comitiis Regiis, 1 728 : insti-
tuted 29 March, 1731 : inducted 7 April: resigned in
1737 on taking the Rectory of Drayton-Beauchamp ;
and afterwards was Archbishop of Dublin -.^ being suc-
ceeded in this Rectory, by
Stephen Walsh, A. B. of Trinity-College, Dublin ; in-
ducted 18 April, 17.37, on the presentation of the King.
He was B.C.L. of Ch. Cli. Oxon, 23 Nov. 1749; and in
1753, died here.
Henry Matthew Schutz, D.D. inducted 4 Nov. 1774,
on the presentation of the King. He was of Queen's
Coll. Camb. A.B. 1752: A.M. 1755: in 1757, Rector
of Marsh-Gibbon; in 1760, Chaplain to K. Geo. HI.
D. D. 1769. He resigned Marsh-Gibbon on taking
Oving, and was likewise presented in 1774, to the Rec-
tory of Burton-Coggles, co. Lincoln, which he held with
this Uving by dispensation, until 1803, when he resigned
the latter. He was also Rector of Paston, co. Northamp-
ton, and Prebendary of Peterborough, where he died 7
March, 1811, eet. 80.
Benjamin Hutchinson, A.M. inducted 26 Nov. 1803,
on the presentation of the King. He was also Rector
of Cranford in Northamptonshire : on his resignation of
Oving, he was succeeded by
Edxoard Marham Willan, A.B. inducted April 1821,
on the presentation of the King.
John Hampden Thelwall, A.M. instituted Nov. 1831,
on the presentation of the King.
THE CHURCH,
dedicated to All Saints, the feast being celebrated six weeks after Michaelmas, O. S. stands on the brow
of a hill, in the x.w. part of the village, and is about sixty-eight feet long, including the chancel, and
thirty-two feet in width, consisting of a square tower, about fifty feet high, containing three small bells,
and a saint's bell ; having a plain parapet (lately increased in height) to which were formerly
attached eight grotesque carved heads : a nave, south aisle and chancel. In the north wall are
marks of a pointed arch about twelve feet high, belonging to an aisle, demolished according to
tradition, in the civil wars of Charles I.
The windows on the north side are very small, but in the aisle, square-headed and mullioned, with
trefoil-headed lights, At the east end is a window with tracery under a pointed arch. In the chancel are
three lancet-shaped windows at the cast end, and one on each side very ancient : three small clerestory
windows on the north side, and others on the south side of the nave. In the upper story of the
Willis's MSS.
See Eythorpe and Wing.
Parish Rerrister.
3 Pao-e 344.
See Wai
OVING.
381
tower four square-headed windows, each of two lights, with a mullion, and at the west end, above the
belfry door, a window with a pointed arch. On the wall of the nave, the date 1674, probably the
time of its reparation : and over the arch of the porch on the south side, Robert Markhara, Church-
warden. On the north side is a small square apartment, probably formed out of, or on the site, of an
old porch.
Between the nave and south aisle are three pointed arches, supported by an octagon pillar and
piers. At the west end of the chancel is an open screen of wainscot, with arches and tracery. Some
of the beams of the roof are rudely sculptured ; but have the dates 1627, and 1780. On the south
side of the chancel is a piscena,^ and in the wall of the aisle near the south door is another cavity ;
and a bracket arch about seven feet high, partly hidden by a pew.
The font is cylindrical, the basin very large, near the south door, close to one of the piers.
In the floor of the chancel is a fragment of brass,
with an imperfect inscription :
"Thomas Richardson sutime who dyed th
X... day" which relates to one of the Rectors."
And a brown stone with
A.c. I.e. 1680:
Also, an inscription (nearly effaced) for
Ehzabeth, wife of Thomas Sare, who died in 1713,
aged 24.
In the aisle near the door :
Here lieth the body of John Olliever who departed
this Ufe Dec'. 4"'. 1726, in the 29"' year of his age.
On another :
"Mary Lockley, wife of Lockley and daughter
of Mr. Thomas Mayne : buried 26 April 1743, and
WiUiam Lockley 17 Jan. 1743-4.
On a tablet of marble with a variegated border,
affixed to a pillar :
Mr. Benjamin Markham late of King's Sutton in
Northamptonshire, died March 14"' 1787, aged 38: also,
Mrs. Martha Markham, his widow, who died May 8"'
1802, aged 64 years ; and four of their children :
Martha died April 26 1770 "]
Elizabeth Oct. 17 1765!..^.
Mary Jan. 20 1768 K^^^^"*^-
Benjamin May 7 17 69 J
The same names are inscribed on a black marble in
the floor, and in addition to Martha, that " She was the
daughter of Benjamin Markham, and Martha his wife, of
Walton-Grounds.3
On a mural tablet of white marble on the north
side of the nave :
Sacred to the memory of Henry Lovebond, Esq. late
of Oving, whose remains, with Sarah his wife, are in-
terred in this church-yard. He was the eldest son of
Henry Lovebond, Esq. of Petersham, in the County of
Surrey, one of the Masters of the High Court of Chan-
cery, by Elizabeth his wife, eldest daughter of Henry
Collins, Esq. of Heston in the County of Middlesex.
He was distinguished for his learning and integrity,
and those other virtues which are the ornaments of
human hfe. He died without issue, 28 June, 1770, in
the 65"" year of his age.
Sarah his wife died the 7*. Oct^ 1779, in the 68"'
year of her age.
In token of respect, his nephew, Henry Lovebond-
ColUns, Esq. of Moughton-Hall in the County of Essex,
caused this monument to be erected.
On an achievement these arms :
Az. between three pistols a chevron Or charged with
three roses Gules.
Crest on a wreath Or and Az. a Tower with plants on
the summit over-spreading the battlements. Hopkins.
' In Benaventure is a curious explanation of the use of the Piscena in Roman Catholic Churches, " Yf to fore conse-
cration a flye or loppe" (qu. pediculus ?) " or other venymouse beest were found in the chalyce it ought to be cast into
the piscene: and the chalyce washen : and yf after consecration were found poyson or venyraous beste in the chalyce it
ought to be taken wysely and wasshen and to brenne the best : and the asshes and the wasschyng of the beeste to be put
in the pyscine :" which therefore, he remarks, should be near the celebrating priest. Archeolog. vol. ii. p. 353.
2 Page 380.
3 Some of the descendants of this family, unfortunately now in comparative poverty, are unquestionably in existence.
382 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
PITCHCOTT,
PYCHCOTE, PITCHCOTE, PITCHCOT,
probably derives its name from a cot or a dwelling on a hill, which is descriptive of its situation,
on the peak or summit of a lofty eminence on the northern verge of the vale of Aylesbury, from
which an extensive prospect to the south and east, and to a still greater distance on the west, is
presented, over a fertile district interspersed with rich pastures, highly cultivated fields, thriving
villages and hamlets.
The parish is bounded on the north by Marston and Oving ; on the east by Whitchurch and
Hardwick, on the south by Waddesdon and Quainton ; and on the west by Denham in Quainton
and North-Marston, and contains about 916 acres, chiefly pasture and meadow, with about one
hundred acres of arable.
The soil is a clayey loam, with strata of lime-stone and rubble in the northern parts.
Pitchcott is not mentioned by name in Domesday Book, being probably, at the time of its com-
pilation, part of Waddesdon. Of its condition in earlier times, like that of other small villages,
scarcely any thing is known. On the brow of the hill southward, are ftiint traces of old track-ways,
perhaps British, one of which seems to have been the road from the eastern parts of the county
towards Buckingham. It entered Pitchcott from Hardwick or Quarendon, and passing along
the foot of the hill, through Carter's-lane (still so called) between Denham and North-Marston,
pointed towards Grandborough and East-Claydon. Another road intersected the former, passing
eastward of Pitchcott Church from Oving, on the north, connecting a vicinal track west of Aylesbury,
(sometimes called the Akcman-street and Port-way) with the roads in the northern part of the county.
THE VILLAGE
is about one mile s. s. w. of Oving, and six w. n. w. of Aylesbury, consisting of three farm-houses and
four or five cottages, besides the parsonage, which was long "unfit for the residence of the Minister,"
according to the parochial returns, but decently repaired in 1829 : after which it was inhabited by
the Parish Clerk, who was also tenant of the glebe lands.
In the reign of Edward HI. Pitchcott was rated to the ninths, at eight marks and six shillings;
and certified to be worth not more than ten marks, much property belonging to the Church being
exempt from the assessment.'
In 1598, the assessment to the provision for Queen Elizabeth's household, 1/. 3s. 5d. besides
" the farm-close, 13s. 4^/. separately rated. -
In 1710, the land-tax was 156i. 10s. Qd. per ann.
In 1723, here were three houses and ten inhabitants. In 1811, the latter had increased to fifty-
one; but in the Diocesan Returns were stated at thirty, perhaps residents only: for in 1815, here were
forty-four parishioners inhabitants, and thirty-seven out-parishioners. In 1827, six houses were
occupied by nine families, comprising thirty-six persons, of whom fifteen were children, and forty-two
parishioners non-resident.
' Nonarum Inquis. p. 238. * Roll. 42 Eliz.
PITCHCOTT. 383
In 1776, the expences of the poor were 211. 3s. Ocl. ; in 1785, had increased to 37Z. 10s. Od. ; in
1825, to 208/. 12s. lid. progressively advancing since.
In 1831, there were twenty-eight inhabitants; and in 1835, this parish was included in the Ayles-
bury Union.
THE MANOR.
Although no direct proof has been discovered of its being included with Waddesdon in the Con-
queror's Survey, the annual payment of 101. from this Church to one of the Portionists there,
seems to indicate an early connexion between these parishes. It belonged to Milo Crispin, and in
the reign of Henry III. to Richard Earl of Cornwall, as part of his Honour of Walingford. ^Edmund
Earl of Cornwall, held Knight's fees in Pitchcott, belonging to the same Honour ;" and under the
same seigniory, it was held by the family of Vernon from about the time of Henry III. when Richard
de Vernon, who was subfeudatory tenant of the Peverells in Adstock f and his descendants are re-
corded to have been possessed of this estate.* In 1234, (19, 20 Hen. HI.) William de Vernon
held " one fee in Pychecott" of the Honour of Walingford ; and in 1235, paid 20s. scutage for
one Knight's fee and a half in Pichecote.^ He had been assessed at one mark for his aid.
In 1289, Richai'd de Veniitii granted to Richard his son and Elianore, daughter of Giles de Frenes,
and their heirs, the manors of Pychcote and Adestock.''
In 1376, Pitchcott was committed to the custody of Humphrey de Bohun, the last Earl of Hereford,
of that family, during the minority of Richard Vernon ; and after the death of that Earl, this Manor was
held of his daughters and heirs by Knight's service f and in 1377, Juliana, mdow of Sir Richard
Vernon (the father) had dower assigned to her out of this estate f and by an Inquisition at Pyckecote,
it was found that Richard Vernon, Chevalier, held no lands in capite ; but that he held this Manor
and Advowson of the heirs of Humphrey de Bohun Earl of Hereford (then within age, and in custody
of the Lord Edward, grandfather of the King) by military service, and suit of Court at Hasely, co.
Oxon : that he died on Monday next following the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, 50 Ed. III. that
Richard Vernon, his son and heir, was seven years of age ; and that the said Richard had received all
the profits of the Manor to his own use during his life.^
PEDIGREE OF VERNON.
Arms : Barry of eight surtout a Bend. [Blomefield's Norfolk, vol. v. p. 459. n.]
Richard de Vernon, 1289.=t=Maud
SiRRrcHARD DE Vernon. 1312. Ob. 1322.=f=ALi:ANORE, dau. of Giles de Frenes, or qu. Gilbert de Franceis?
[Esc. Rot. Cal. vol. i. p. 304.] I [Placit. 18 Edvv. 1, ro. 30.]
Sir Richard Vernon. 23 Ed. 3.=pJuLiANA, ob. 1378. [Rot. Pat. 51 Ed. 3. a tergo m. 28.]
John Vernon, Esq. 1416.=
Sin William Vernon, Knt. 32 Hen. 6.
Thomas Vernon, Esq. 1460; 1469; (32 Hen. 6.)^Eliiareth, (32 Hen. 6.)
Sir Henry Vernon, 1507.=p
George Vernon, infra at. 1531.==
Ralph Vernon, dead, 1557. (5 Phil, and Mary.) Dorothy, dau. and eo-h. mar. to Sir John Manners, Knt.
of Haddon, co. Derby. 2d son of Thomas Earl of Rutland.
1 Test, de Nevll, p. 248. See also page 22. - Esc. 20 Ed. I. n°. 44. Cal. vol. i. p. 158.
3 See Adstock. ■* Testa, de Nevil. p. 244. 5 Jb. 259.
6 Placit. 18 Edw. I. ro. 30 Abbrev. p. 223. T Rot. Pat. 50 Edw. III. p. 2. m. 16. Calend. 193.
8 Ibid. 51 Ed. III. m. 28. 9 Inquis. apud Pychecote, 8 Aug. 1 Ric. 2 r. 38.
384 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Juliana Vernon held this Manor in her widowhood of the heirs of the Bohuns, and died in possession
of it, in 1378.' In 1394, a fine was passed of lands here, between Richard Rothewell and Richard
Trumpinton and Agnes his wife ;" but the Manor seems to have continued to belong to the Vernons,
and in 1 1.33, a fine was passed between William Vernon, Kn'iyht, and Philip Water, Clk. with Thomas
Vernon (and supposed to have been nephew of that William) and Elizabeth his wife, of the Manors
of Pitchcott and Adstock, which were settled on Thomas and Elizabeth Vernon for life, and this
Manor presumed to have descended to Ralph Vernon (great grandson of Thomas) and soon after,
1557, by himself or his representatives, to have been conveyed to the family of Pye ; for, in 1603, Sir
Walter Pye, Knt. conveyed his estate here to .... Saunders, but whether acquired by purchase of
the Vernons, or deriving through the Saunderses, Sir Walter intermarried with a lady of that family,
who is so variously described, sometimes as Joane, daughter of William Rudhall ; sometimes as
Katherine, daughter of Richard Saunders, of Amersham and Dinton; and at other times, as Elizabeth,
daughter of Thomas Saunders, of Dinton or Haddenham, that many doubts exist in relation to her
identity. Willis's conjectures by no means satisfactorily elucidate this point, and the archives of the
family of Saunders having fallen into other hands, it might be hazardous to write with positiveness on
this subject : but Thomas Saunders, of Newlands, in Chalfont St. Peter's, and Thomas Saunders, of
Haddenham, are described as joint proprietors of this estate, at the beginning of the seventeenth
century ; and a Thomas Saunders presented to the Rectory of Pitchcott, in 1633, but whether the
same Thomas Saunders, of Dinton,' or the father-in-law of Sir Robert Pye, is unknown, there being
others of the same names his contemporaries in divers parts of the county,* as at Wavendon, and also at
Flower or Floer, in Northamptonshire. Thomas Saunders, who was Patron of this Rectory in 1685,^ was
buried here 7 May, 1690 ; and Sir Thomas Saunders, Knt. perhaps his son, exercised the right of
patronage in 1727; but it seems uncertain if the father, or a more distant relation of Thomas
Saunders, Esq. of Brill, who was Sheriff of Bucks in 1732, and then held this estate of which Thomas
Saunders, Esq. was seised at his death which happened at Brill, in 1741. The last was a highly dis-
tinguished naval officer, having served under the celebrated Admiral Balchen (who afterwards lost his
life in H. M. S. Victory, in 1744) and was twice captured by Da Gaet, a very brave man, who bore
the most honourable testimony to his gallantry in three desperate engagements, though the fortune of
war was against him. " His interest," observes one of his contemporaries, " was that of his country,
for which he evinced the sincerest love, equally in retirement as in the more active scenes of life. His
house was open to all who loved old England (and perhaps many who did not), the warmest friend,
the most affectionate husband, most tender and indulgent parent ; dying as he had lived, with true
Christian fortitude, so that happy would it be for Britain, had every officer so much courage and real
love for his country, and every man of courage so much true patriotism and religion.'"^ The name of
his descendants and successive possessors of this estate are inserted in the annexed table, not without
regret, that the genealogical particulars essential to a more complete pedigree, have not been obtained
after the most diligent and zealous researches.
By reference to the Pedigree of Saunders, in Dinton, future researches may, together with the
annexed genealogy, supply some materials for farther elucidating the history of this family.
" Esc. 2 Ric. 2. n". 52, at Wendover. ' Rot. Fin. 18. Ric, 2. = Paroch. Regist.
* Harl. MSS. 1351, f. 124. = See List, of Incumbents. 6 Diuinal.
PITCHCOTT.
385
PEDIGREE OF SAUNDERS, of PITCHCOTT and BRILL.
From Documents preserved by the Family, Parochial Registers, and other Authorities.
Arms : Party per Chev. Argent and Sable, three Elephant's Heads erased, counter-changed
5 S.u'NDERs, Esq. Sheriff of Bucks, 1733 ;==Elizabeth,
Brill, 8 Dec. 1741.
I^
, Arg. a bend engrailed S. charged with 3 Bezants, a chief engrailed Or.
Charles Saunders, bap. 9 Dec. 1723. Thomas Saunders, Esq.:
William Saunders, bap. 21 Aug. 1725. Gov. of Fort St. George,
Hallet Saunders, bap. 2 Nov. 1732. E.l. ; Sheriff of Bucks.
Francis Saunders, ob. in India, s. p. 1759; ob. in London;
bur. at Brill, 25 Oct.
1775.
Thomas Saunders, Esq.
Capt. Bucks Militia ;
Sheriff of Bucks, 1785 ;
ob at Vienna. Qu.
if bur. at Brill, 17 Sept.
1798?
:CnBisTiANA. dau. of Tho. Pitt,
Esq. of Bocconnoc, co. Corn-
wall, by his 1st wife Christiana
dau. of Sir Tho. Lyttelton, Kt.
and sist. of George Lord Lyt-
telton.
Richard Sau
,Esq. Ma
bap. 22 Mar. 1730 ;
Brill; Capt. R.N. Ob.
3 Nov. 1814, at North-
End, Fulham, co.Midsx.
bur. at Brill.
ob.29Sep.
1824,bur.
at Aber-
TiiOMAS Saunders, Esq. only
son and heir; Ld.of the Manor
ofPitchcott; Sheriff of Bucks,
1827 ; then of Aston- Abbats ;
afterwards of Swanbourne; ob.
July, 1831, in London ; bur.
at Brill.
Elizabeth, mar. to Henry Alen Leyster, Esq. vidua 1831.
Martha, mar. to Will. Rich. Smith, Esq. Capt. R. N. ob. 6
Dec. 1825, bur. at Plymouth.
Anne, mar. to Gen. Sam. Wilson, Hon. E. I. Com. service : ob.
27 July, 1826, at Bombay.
JIar Y, mar. to Cha. Wheeley , Esq. of Abergavenny : vidua 1831.
Col.W.Lally:
ob. at Oxford,
bur. at Brill,
12 Apr. 1785,
Mary, bap. 25
Jan. 1726.
lnne, bap. 28
June, 1728.
THE ADVOWSON AND RECTORY
were, at an early period, given to the Priory of Great-Malvern, in Worcestershire, by one of the
ancestors of Gilbert de Franceys, as is believed, for, in 1267, a fine was passed and recovery suffered,
by which that Convent became possessed of them, and the Advowson was held by the House in 1392.
From the style of architecture, the Church was probably one of those which, having belonged to the
Normans, was forfeited with their lands, and the Patronage attended the grant of this Manor to the
Vernons, amongst other property of Malvern-Abbey, which had reverted to the Crown at the
dissolution of that establishment.
An ancient payment to the Church of Waddesdon seems to have been recognized in the original
Rolls, by an order made in the reign of Edw. III. that John son of Richard le Spenser, of Fleet-
Marston, having recovered seisin in the King's Court, at Aylesbury, against Henry de Chaddesden,
Parson, of the third portion of Waddesdon ; and Roger de Stoke, of Burcester, of one messuage,
twenty acres of land, and one of meadow, with their appurtenances in Pichescote, be again
admitted, &c.^
The Rectory is valued in the King's Books at lOZ. per ann. archidiaconals, 10s. 7c?. tenths, 1/.
In a Terrier, 9 Oct. 1674, verified by Nath. Netmaker, then Rector, " the glebe lying together"
was computed at thirty-two acres : — the Parsonage-house consisting of three large bays with a
barn.- In another Terrier, 10 April, 1680, the glebe is particularly described as three closes of
pasture and meadow, so that it has been inferred that the parish was inclosed between 1674 and 1680,
no other or authentic documents having been discovered respecting this change ; half an acre of garden
and orchard were attached to the Parsonage, which continued to be a very mean building, and unfit
for the residence of the incumbent, and the church was but irregularly served until of late years.
In 1725, the glebe was let for 72/. |^er«n«. but said to have been then worth 100/. About 1780 the Rector
received 120/. i)er ann. by quarterly payments, being non-resident, and divine service performed here
sometimes once every fortnight, and sometimes only at much longer intervals. In 1811, the Living was
returned at only 140/. per ann. consisting of a composition in lieu of tithes, with the glebe and fees, the
latter being very small, (for the custom which had formerly prevailed of persons resorting to this church
8 Rot. Orig. 22 Ed. III. ro. 30, Abbrev. vol. ii. p. 199.
ibl. Bodl. Oxon.
386
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
for the purpose of being married here, had long fallen into disuse), but the Rectory was commonly re-
puted to include the tithes of about 880 acres of rich land, estimated at 5s. 6d. per acre, besides the
glebe : an estate of about 120 acres, formerly belonging to Paul Wells, and claiming to be tithe free,
having been, like the rest of the parish, subjected to the usual payments.
" John Perott, of Pitchcote, the younger," by his will, dated 21 July, 1524, " bequeathed to the High
Altar of the Church a bushel of wheat ; to St. Giles's Altar, a bushel of malte, for oblations, &c.
forgotten ; towards the repairs of the sepulchre of Pitchcott, a " bushel of malte ;" to the torches,
another; to the bells, a bushel of barley ; to Thomas his son, "his house and land in Pychecott, after
the death of Ellen his wife," whom he appoints his executrix, and to order his children at her discretion:
his lands in " Pychcott, Norlh-Marston, and Cleydon," to feoffees for the uses of his will, which he
declares to be for Ellen his wife for life, she remaining unmarried ; otherwise, or at her death, his
lands at Marston to be divided equally between Edmund his son, or his heirs, and Thomas his younger
son : charges his lands at Pitchcott and North-]Marston with the payment (from the time of his death)
annually of a small sum " to the Church-wardens of Pitchcotte, towards the reparation of the long
caiisewai/."^ Sir Rich. Wise, Curate, and Richard Cole, with others, being witnesses. Probate, 26
Aug. 1524.'
OsBERT : presented by Gilbert de Franceys, Kn'.
William de Eston, presented 1 Aug. 1-267; by the
Convent of Malvern, to whom the Patronage was ad-
judged to belong, against Gilbert de Franceys, Kn'. At
his death,
William de Luda, instituted 1272, on the presentation
of Great-Malvern Priory.
Lucasius de Broc, 19 April, 1274, on the resignation
of Lude.
John de Teyiiton, died Hector in 1310.
llobert Ostage, instituted 11 Nov. 1310, on the pre-
sentation of Sir Richard Vernon, Knt. At his death,
John le Arches, presented 1318, by Sir Rich. Vernon,
Knt. He died ; and
Simon le JValei/s was presented 26 Sept. 1329, by
" the Gustos of Sir Richard Vernon's lands and
heritage."
John de Fresinr/Jield resigned, 1337.
Thomas de Stamerdene, presented in 1337, by William
de Bohun, Earl of Northampton, who had Vernon's
Estate in Wardship. He exchanged for Barcomb, in
Sussex, with
Rohcrt de Colston, 29 July, 1348, who exchanged for
Rysobne, co. Lincoln, with
IVilliam de Davcntrc, presented 24 Oct. 1349, by Sir
Rifhard \'crnon, Knt. and at his death,
William de Hai-leston-, instituted 30 July, 1369, on the
presentation of Sir Rich. Vernon, Knt. He died, and
John Drewe, instituted 31 May, 1397, on the pre-
sentation of Sir Richard Vernon, Knt. He exchanged
for Stene Rectory,^ co. Northampton.
John Woburn, 5 Oct. 1401. He died in 1408, and
was succeeded by
Thomas Seaman, 1 Aug. 1408. On his resignation,
John Carter WAS instituted 26 Aug. 1416, on the pre-
sentation of John Vernon.
Thomas Maryner, inst. 18 July, 1449, on the pre-
sentation of Sir Richard Vernon; and resigning, was
succeeded by
Thomas Alford, 19 April, 1456, on the presentation
of Thomas Vernon, Esq. At his resignation,
William JVooton was instituted 4 Feb. 1460, being
presented by Thomas Vernon, Esq. He resigned, and
Henry Franceys was instituted 28 July, 1466, on the
presentation of Thomas Vernon, Esq.
Eobert Trysthorp, or Frysthorpe, 28 Feb. 1467. He
resigned, and was succeeded by
William Aleby, 29 July, 1469, on the presentation of
Thomas Vernon, Esq. He died, and
Robert Lyne, alias Lyons, was presented 25 Feb.
1307, by Sir Henry Vernon, Knt.
1 The Causeway is supposed to have been a line of stepping-stones as a foot road, from Oving to the Church-yard of
Pitchcott, near which were anciently the parish. pound, and a pool of water on a piece of waste land, traditionally re-
ported to have belonged to the poor, but usurped. - Willis's MSS. vol. xxxii. fol. p. 22. in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon.
^ John Drewe occurs among the Rectors of Stene, in Northamptonshire, about this period ; but the name of Woburn,
whom Willis mentions as his predecessor there, does not appear. See Bridgcs's Hist, of Northampt. vol. i. p. 199. Stene.
PITCHCOTT.
387
William Castell, presented 23 August, 1531, by King
Henry VIII. in the minority of George Vernon. At
his death,
Thomas Tliirldll, instituted 10 Sept. 1540, on the
presentation of George Vernon, Esq. He died; and
was succeeded by
Edward Atidlesare, A. M. instituted 1 Nov. 1557, on
the presentation of Richard Everet, executor of Ralph
Vernon, Esq.
Robert JValkeden, presented in 1575.
Matthew Walkedeii, in 16'20. He had been Minister
of Stony-Stratford from about 1607 to 1615, then Vicar
of Over-Winchendon.i His wiU was dated 21 August,
1633.
Henry JValkeden, 1633, presented by Thomas Saun-
ders, Esq. occurs in 1650 ; probably son of the last
Rector.
Nathaniel Netmaker, instituted 1 658. He had been
previously Minister of Hanslape, and is presumed to
have repaired or rebuilt the glebe-house, from the
initials of his name, and the date, 1663, at the end of the
building. He was buried here 27 Aug. 1680, as were
also Mary his widow (denominated of Aylesbury) 11
March, 1709-10, and their daughter Susanna, 2 Sept.
1710.=
Thomas King, A. M. instituted 29 Sept. 1680, on the
presentation of Thomas King, M. D. and a second time
1 1 Feb. following. He died, and was succeeded by
Henry Atkinson, 29 Oct. 1685, on the presentation of
Thomas Saunders, Esq. He was buried here 28 July,
1724,'' and succeeded by
Henry Bruges, A. M. instituted 27 Nov. 1724, and
inducted 5 Dec. on the presentation of Thomas Saun-
ders, Esq. of Brill. He was of C.C.C. Oxon. A.M.
3 July, 1722, and was succeeded by
Worsep Atkinson, 8 June, 1727, on the presentation of
Sir Thomas Saunders, Knt.* and, at his death,
TJiomas Lolly, A. M, was presented by Thomas
Saunders, Esq. and inducted 10 Dec. 1762. He was
of Peter-house, Cambridge, A. B. 1743; A.M. 1760;
and at his death was succeeded by
James Mead, Clk. presented 9 March, 1771, by
Richard Mead, Esq. of Bruton Street, co. Middlesex
(probably patron for this turn only, but not so expressed).
He was of Emanuel-CoU. Camb. LL.B. 1772; and
dying,
Thomas Bourne, A. B. presented 13 Jan. 1773, by
Thomas Saunders, Esq. of Upper Brook Street, Gros-
venor Square, London. He was also Curate of Quain-
ton, where he died, and was buried in 1786.3
William Hughes, A.M. inducted 31 March, 1787, on
the presentation of Thomas Saunders, Esq. He was a
native of this county ; of Magdalen-Hall, Oxon. A. M.
23 March, 1786 ; also Rector of Bradenham; and dy-
ing, in 1832, was buried there -^ and succeeded in this
Rectory by
JVilliam B. Freemantle, A. M.s instituted in 1822, on
the presentation of the heirs of the late Capt. Saunders.
THE CHURCH,
dedicated to St. Giles, consists of a nave 41f. 6in. by 15f. a cliancel 18f. 6in. by 13f. 6in. and a
tower 8f. square, within the walls ; and about 40 feet high, having a plain parapet," and containing
three small bells and a saint's bell ; on the first of which (2 f. 1 in. in diameter) is inscribed,
"Chandler made me 1686;" on the second, sent lvke apostell, 1590; and on the largest,
(2f. 6 in.) G. C. 1717." The roof of the nave, chancel, and porch on the south side, are tiled.
Over the entrance, the date 1662, and on the east gable, a small floreated cross. The doors into the
chancel and north aisle, and a considerable portion of the windows of the chancel, have been long
closed with masonry ; and the ground contiguous to the building has so much accumulated, that the
pointed arch of the chancel-door scarcely exceeds five feet in height, and there is a descent of one
step into the remaining entrance. In the porch are stone sediles, and over the arch of the door is a
small niche for a statue. At the west end is the entrance into the belfry, having a square pediment
and cornice ; above it is a window with a pointed arch ; and in the upper story of the tower are four
windows. On the south side of the nave, two square-headed windows; at the east end of the chancel
a larger window under a pointed arch, evidently altered from its oi'iginal form ; and on the north side
two very small narrow lights.
1 See OvER-WiNciiENDON. = Pitchcott Register. ^ibjj,
♦ Susanna Atkinson, widow, buried here 39 March, 1741. Parish Register. 5 gee Quainton.
6 Page 269. ^ Pedigree of Hughes, in Quainton. ^ Pedigree of Freemantle, in Swanbourxe.
388 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Affixed to the south wall of the cliancel, near one of the windows, is a small stone desk, and near
the east end a niche for a piscena and two square cavities near the communion table. The font, which
is octagonal (the bason nineteen inches in diameter and eleven inches deep) is supported by a fluted pillar.
In 1817, the whole building was in a miserably dilapidated state, and the Archdeacon of Bucks
(Dr. Luke Heslop), at his Visitation at Aylesbury, read to his Clergy a long quotation from the
following account of it : —
" The chancel is separated from the body of the church by a partition in which is a small door,
placed there to exclude the wind, and if the building were then in the same state as at present (8
Sept. 1817), not without good reason; for the roof is broken, and the walls are cracked. A com-
munion-table, indeed, there is, but, with the decaying rails which enclose it, is the only object, besides
a small desk affixed diagonally against the s. w. window, and a piscena in a niche -within the rails, to
withdraw the attention of an examiner from the damp moss-grown walls and slippery pavement.
There is neither pew nor seat in the chancel ; but a rotten mat lies in a heap at one corner, which
})erhaps once served the communicants to kneel on, but at present is as inferior to the litter used by
the neighbouring farmers for their pig-styes, as the rough uneven stones on which it lies are to the
clean well-paved floors of their dairies. The church is scarcely in a better condition : a portion of
the ceiling has fallen down, and left a dismal hole, through which the naked tiles of the roof are seen,
and the worshippers may be literally sprinkled with the dew of heaven. The pulpit-cloth and
cushion moth-eaten, if not ragged ; and the loose and tattered leaves of the Minister's common
Prayer-book are liable to be dispersed by every puff" of wind. Two pews there are, and also a few
seats, but no desk for the Clerk, and the boards of the Rector's pew were taken away, about fifty years
ago, to make a cupboard. A chalice and flaggon, and a pewter plate or two, are said to be all the
utensils belonging to the altar ; and one of the farmers of the parish occasionally supplies a table-
cloth for use at the Communion."'
The pulpit and reading-desk, of recent erection, are placed near the south-cast pier of the nave.
In the floor of the chancel is a slab (deprived of its brasses) called the monument of Bishop Saunders,
but probably on no better authority than mere conjecture."
On the south side of the nave is a mural tablet of wood for William Lee, who died 16 Aug. 1777,
aged 51, and others of his family.''
On the north side is a small mural tablet :
In memory of Thomas Fowler, who died Oct. 30"'. 1817, aged 37.
In the pavement, on a stone :
Edward Butler, died May 26, 1737.
TIIK REGISTER.
Willis mentions a Register of Pitchcott, beginning in 1680, which he saw in September, 1730,^
and another, reported to have been " carried away by Mrs. Sanders, and in the hands of Mrs.
1 Gent. Mag. vol. Ixxxvii. P. 2. p. 397. Ibid. vol. xcii. P. 2. p. 605.
- It may be no improvement upon that conjecture to mention, that William Saunders, Vicar of Frendsbury, in Kent,
Keeper of Rochester Bridge, and Rector of Hinton, co. Northampton, is reputed to have been a native ofAdstock, and
to have died 2 Feb. 1452, about the period when such monumental records were in fashion ; and who is believed to have
been related to the Saunders family of Pitchcott. [See Bridges's Northamptonshire, vol. i. p. 177.]
3 They were many years, respectable tenants of one of the farms here, and contemporaries with the Wallises, some of
the descendants of both these familes being still to be traced in the neighbourhood.
* MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon.
PITCHCOTT.
389
Sanders, of Aylesbury." In 1817, the writer of this history ascertained that, besides the volume
which Willis had seen, the next in succession had been also removed. The latter was at length dis-
covered, and was subsequently restored ; and is a small quarto in rough calf, consisting of twenty
leaves of parchment and one of paper, with baptisms, marriages, and burials, entered rather pro-
miscuously, from 7 Oct. 1753, to December, 1812, and some of the leaves mutilated. The preceding
volume was afterwards also recovered by the Rev. John Robert Pigott, sometime Curate, and is both
curious and interesting, as confirming the account of this pleasantly situated little church, having
been a favourite spot to which it was customary to resort from a considerable distance, as well as from
the neighbouring villages, to celebrate weddings (before the passing of the Act, commonly called "the
Marriage Act,") which, in this place, appear to have averaged at least double the number of interments
during many years.
Amongst other entries, are recorded the marriages here of
Thomas Green, of Whitchurch, with Anne Climson,
of Aylesbury, 26 Sept. 1703.
Joseph Saunders, with Hannah Chandler, of Ayles-
bury, 20 June, 1705.
Richard Hedges, of Cublington, with Sarah Thame,
of East Claydon, 11 June, 1707.
John Deverell, of Swanbourne, with Joane Deverell,
17 Dec. 1714.
Matthew Deverell, of Hogston, with Mary Perry, of
Great Mario w, 8 June, 1717.
George Reading, of Hardwick, with Mary Wilston, of
Winslow, 9 Nov. 1718.'
John Hughes, of Quainton, with Anne Crooke, 5 Aug.
1722.°-
Richard Crooke, of Chilton, with Elizabeth Beamsley,
of the same, 1723.
John Saunders, of Waddesdon, with Mary Taylor, of
the same, 19 May, 1724.
Benedict Holland,' of Grandborough, with Jane
Worster, of Aylesbury, Sept. 1729.
Francis Cheyney, of Grandborough, with Sarah Pit-
kin, 9 November, 1730.
Henry Pitkin, with Hester Stevens, both of Grand-
borough, 19 April, 1731.
William Crooke, of Quainton, with Ehzabeth Ingram,
22 Aug. 1731.
Amongst the burials occurs that of
Thomas Saunders, Esq. 7 May, 1690.
The last entry of baptism, in this volume, being in
1746-7; of marriage, 4 March, 1733; and of burial in
1747.
See Hardwick.
- See Quainton.
See Grandborough, p. 251.
390 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
QUAINTON
With DENHAM, DODDERSHALL, and SHIPTON-LEE.
UAINTON, with its hamlets, is bounded on the north by Bottle-Claydon,
Hogshawand Fulbrook, Grandborough, and North-Marston ; on the east
\& ilSJ L tb i^*^^lk^i ^y Pitchcott and Blackgrave, in Waddesdon ; on the south by Waddes-
■ /■^■fe. JL_^3I/^Sh w don; and on the west by Grendon-Underwood ; being about twenty-
" P^ F^ra^yK? lall i *^^'^ miles in circuit, and containing about 5150 acres, of which the
township of Quainton is computed to comprise about 1600 ; Denham,
684; Doddershall, about 1666; and Shipton-Lee, with the Grange,
.ibout 1200 acres.
The surface is diversified by a cluster of insulated hills, rising not
abiuptiy, but giadually, to the height of 786 feet above the level of the sea, and situated on the N.
and \. E. verge of the parish, in which, on a basis of blue clay, prevalent throughout the vale of
Aylesbury, are strata of coarse sand, of divers colours, hard grit stone, and various loams, but little,
if any, intermixture of water-worn pebbles.
Fossils abound here ; consisting of Bivalves, Ammonites, from the minutest size to twenty-two
inches or more in diameter, with four and sometimes five volutes : the inner wreaths usually covered
with a concretion of stony matter. Few, if any, with wavy strire, or warty excrescences, the engrailed
edges of the diaphragms (as Morton calls them) often seem very entire, and the joints distinct; but
instead of affording proofs of stone moulded in the cells between the septa or partitions, in the cavity
of the shell, clearly shewing, when broken, a bony reticular texture ; and their smooth surfaces
polished at the articulations exactly resembling the cartilaginous surface of the ends of animal bones
in the joints. No instance has been discovered of the superficial stiree terminating in knobs or
studded ; nor are any Ammonites found amongst the clay or sand. Belemnites, vulgd' thunderbolts,
are also abundant in the sand, and ploughed up from the clay, accompanied with sea shells, preserving
much of their real substance. The Belemnites are commonly striated, cylindrical, seldom exceeding
four inches in length and one in diameter at the larger end, which is usually hollow ; the chink or
gutter on the side distinctly marked.^ Others, closely resembling these," very heavy, about two inches
long and nearly the same in diameter, having a round perforation, as for the medulla, filled with con-
creted stony matter near the centre. The surfiices at the ends level, but of the sides unequal, with
protuberances and granulations, the attachment or articulation of the ribs not easily traced, but the
reticular structure of bone very distinct wherever the surface has been denuded. Selenites, vulgarly
called crow-silver, in the clay north of the village, at the foot of the hills, especially near water
courses, with some varieties of structure ; almost always including stains from particles of clay or
other superincumbent matter : the use of this substance as a styptic seem to have been immemorially
known, and is probably the only purpose to which it has been here employed.
1 Morton, in the Natural History of Northamptonsliiie, mentions, a "shell of the Ostrea class," which he calls " Poly-
ginglynion, in a collection of Mr. Stonestreet, found in Queynton Hill Stone Pits in Bucks:" and also, stones moulded
in the cavities of this shell; figured in Lister's Appendix to the Book, De Conchylicia, in his History of Shells. [Nat,
Hist. p. 215.] 2 Hist, of Northamptonshire, tab. xi. f. 1. ; see also p. 356.
QUAINTON. 391
The order of strata, near the summit of the highest hill, is subjoined, from an account for which I
am principally indebted to the industry and attention of Mr. Curtis, of Quainton, whom I feel
gratitude and pleasure to mention in this History, as one of its early and constant encouragers, whose
liberality and kindness of disposition would do honour to any station, and whose zeal for the pro-
motion of every useful undertaking deserves the highest praise.
The soil of these hills, which are very fertile, presents about :
5 feet of vegetable earth. somewhat resembling a coffin, the small end
3 ... of gravelly small stones. pointing commonly to the north-east.
1 ... of oehreous earth, yellow. 6 feet of lime-stone, not very white.
1 ... of whiter, approaching to pipe-clay. 6 ... of brown or yellow sand.
4 ... of sandy loam, interspersed with red, white, and 4 ... of rubble-stone, which, when broken, exhibits
blue sand, in small veins, under which about
Ammonites, ostrea, small screws, and other
1 ... of iron stone, fusible in a strong fire. formed fossils.
3 ... of loamy sand, beneath which is a thin layer 2 ... of brown sand, similar to the stratum next below
(sometimes interspersed) of black clay, re- hme-stone.
sembling impure coal, in colour, not exceeding 2 ... of stone of a dark green colour, called bottom
1 f°°*- stone, not very hard, but through which the
4 ... of grey dirt or loam. workmen employed in digging here, have
3 ... of hard blue sohd stone. not penetrated, so that this description ap-
4 ... of grey loamy sand and dirt, with a substratum, plies only to about fiftj-, or sixty, feet in
about six inches thick, of Pendril stone, depth from the lofty summit of these emi-
formed hke bricks, but from two to three feet nences, which exceeds the height of Muswell
long and one in width. Hill, in Oxfordshire, on the s. w. by about
3 ... of stone, called building-stone, in pieces some- forty-two feet, and in 1798 was marked for
times exceeding two tons in weight, in shape the site of a telecrraph.i
From Quainton Hills, ten copious springs severally descending, join some the Ouse, towards the
north, and others in the contrary direction, the Thame and Thames towards the south. The quality
of the water was formerly remarked as tending to the production of glandular indurations, to which
the inhabitants of mountainous districts are said to be peculiarly liable. Numerous instances certainly
occurred here, within the last century, which seemed to support that hypothesis; but modern improve-
ments in conducting the water from the springs into open cisterns or tanks, in the village, and other
circumstances connected with the mode of living in later times, have happily been assistant in con-
siderably diminishing, though perhaps they may not have entirely eradicated, such diseases, even in
those who are chiefly confined to sedentary employments, and are under the necessity of maintainino-
themselves by making lace, the general local employment and manufacture of most of the poorer
female inhabitants of this and the neighbouring villages.
The beautiful, varied, and extensive prospect from the summit of these hills, over the greater part
of seventeen counties, and in a western direction, only bounded by the weakness of vision, (the
horizon being blended with the clouds and lost in dim obscurity, certainly among or beyond the
mountains of Wales,) has been conjectured to give rise to the ancient name of the place, Chentone,
whilst some have supposed that the appellation originated in the same word, signifying oak trees,
which are imagined to have been formerly abundant here, the great forest which overspread the
neighbouring counties south-eastward, having included Buckinghamshire within its boundaries, whilst
there are not a few who smile at these antiquarian fancies, and think that they can correct them by
suggesting that the old family of Cheyne imparted their name to this place.
Page 106.
392 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
In the south-eastern part of the parish is a fine level meadow, which, with part of the common
fields adjacent, and another in Waddesdon was brought into celebrity as a race course, not long after
the introduction into England, of that sport, by Thomas Earl of Wharton, whose son Philip, the ac-
complished but dissipated Duke, was likewise an ardent patron of such amusements, and whose celebrity
is still kept up in the neighbourhood by a remarkably fleet breed of roans, the progeny of a noted
winning horse, belonging to his Grace ; but the races in Quainton Meadow have been discontinued
for more than a century.
MANORIAL HISTORY.
At the Norman Survey Mild Crispin possessed the principal estate here, which had belonged to
Wigo de Walingford ; who held seven hides and a half for a manor ; three in demesne : here were
three ploughs, and twenty-one villeins, and six bordars with six ploughs : six servants, pasture for two
teams : woods for one hundred hogs : altogether taxed at 11. per unn. but in King Edward's time
at 8L'
Milo Crispin, with this estate, held also Shabbington, Waddesdon, and part of Upton in Dinton, in
his own hands, but Quainton was granted to a subfeudatory, before the close of the reign of Hen. I.
and vested in the family of Malet, who were tenants here, under the Honour of Walingford."
William Malet, ancestor of this femily, distinguished himself at the battle of Hastings, and was one
of those appointed by the Conqueror to bury the body of Harold : to whom, although he every where
denied him the title of King, he seems to have decreed something like a royal funeral.
The Malets are said to have also imparted their name to the town of Curry-Malet in Somerset-
shire, where two Knights Templars of that branch of the family, were buried, or at least commemo-
rated by effigies, in the windows of the church.^ In this county, Hervey Malet held one knight's fee
and an half, under the Honour of Walingford, of the old feoffinent,^ and Quainton was afterwards
called Quainton-Malet. Robert, son of Hervey, succeeded : and early in the reign of Henry HI. paid
three marks scutage, for his lands here •,^ also 20^. for one knight's fee and a half in Quainton,'' as his
scutage, and in 1212, settled by his charter in free marriage, on INIilicent, his daughter, and Laurence
de Broc,' and upon his heirs by her, 200 shillings annual rents issuant out of lands in Cambridge and
Huntingdonshire, covenanting that if the amount were deficient, the residue should be forthcoming
out of his lands in Quenton. To this charter his seal was annexed ; Walter de Patshull and others
being witnesses."
1 Terra Milonis Crispin. In Esseden Hd. CD. In Ciientone ten' Milo vii. hide et dim'. Tra' e ix car'. In dnio
ui. hidoe. et ibi sunt. iii. car', et xxi. uilli cu. vi. bord. hnt. vi. car. Ibi. vi. serui, ptu ii. car. Silua. c. pore'. In
totis ualent' iial et ualuit. vii. lib. T. R.E. : viu. lib. Hoc. CO. tcnuit Wigot de Walingeford. Lib. Censual. vol. i. p. 150.
2 AsiiENDON, p. 17. ■■' Collinson's Somerset, vol i. p. 243 ; and vol. iii. p. 363.
+ Lib. Nig. Scac. vol. i. p. 186. = Test, de Nevil. " Ibid. ' Pedigree of Broc.
« Carta Domini Roberti Mallet: — Robertus Mallet omnibus hominibus et amicis suis Salutem. Sciatis meme teipsum
et heredes meos obligasse perfacere Laurentio de Broc in libero maritagio cum Milicenta filia mea ducentos solidatos terrse
in loco competent! ex illis quos teneo in Comitatibus Cantabrigiee et Huntingdonix sibi et heredibus suis de dicta Milicenta
filia niea exeuntibus : et hoc erit circa festum beatae Mariie Virginis anno Regni Regis Henrici vigesimo septimo. Et si
ego Robertus Mallet vel hajredes niei prtedictos ducentos solidatos terrce in Usdem comitatibus prasdicto Laurentio de
Broc et heredibus suis de dicta Milicenta filia mea exeuntibus warrantizare non possumus. Ego Robertus Mallet et here-
des mei faciemus pra^dicto Laurentio de Broc et heredibus suis de terris meis in Quenton in Comitatu Buckinghamia ad
valorem predictoruni ducentorinn solidorum redditus in comitatibus Cantabrigia; et HuntingdoniLt. Quare volo et firmiter
pra;cipio quod praedictus Laurentius de Broc et heredes sui de Milicenta filia mea exeuntes habcant et teiieant prtedictos
QUAINTON. 393
Richard Mallet, (according to Dugdale) or perhaps Robert, gave many lands and tenements in
Quainton, to the Preceptory of tlie Hospitallers at Hogshaw,^ as did also Christina, daughter of
Augustine, in Dodyndon and Quenton." This Christina is also mentioned much earlier, viz. in a fine
passed in 1218 (3 Hen. HI.) between Eve, daughter of William the son of Philip, and Alice her
sister, with Roger de Wymberville and Eustachia his wife, and Basilea and Christina, sisters of
Eustachia, of lands in Quenton, the right of Eve and Alice.^
At the compilation of the Testa de Nevil, Roger de Wymberville and William Cerevoise held two
parts of a knight's fee in Quendon with Dundon of the Honour ofWalingford, and the third part under
the Hospitallers :* who were therefore contemporary proprietors with the ]\Iallet's and their superior
lords.
Eustachia, wife of Roger de Wymberville survived him, and was married to a second husband, for
in 1246 (31 Hen. HI.) a fine was passed between Ralph Dayrell and Geoffrey de Osteneston ,(of
Northamptonshire) and Eustachia his wife, who "by waste and alienation of demesne lands, woods, and
gardens, which the said Eustachia held in dower," of the inheritance of Ralph Dayrell, in Stocking-
Pastures, in Lathbury, and in Quenton had endamaged him.
In 1251, Laurence de Broc conveyed to Elias de Wymberville, a meadow in Quainton, and fines
were passed to confirm the agreement.^ In 1257, Robert de Wymberville, and Maud his wife, were
parties to a fine of messuages and lands in Dunyndon, the right of Geoffrey de Neyrenut. In 1270,
a fine was passed of rents in Quainton, between John Neyrnut and Philip Durdant, and Joane his wife,
as the right of the said John.''
In 1294, Robert Mallet, son or descendant of the former Robert, did homage for the lands held by
his late father in Bucks.' At the death of Edmund, Earl of Cornwall, in 1300, Robert Mallet
held Quainton as of the Honour of Walingford, by the service of one knight's fee, valued at 8/. per
ann. John Mallet having died in 1287, seised of Deandon Manor.^
In 1302, a fine passed between Thomas Neyrnut and John ■' of lands in Quainton, Blake-
grove, and Flete-Marston, for the life of John and William his son,^'' and in 1308^ another fine of
messuages and lands here, between John son of Robert de Flete-Marston, and Isabel his wife, and
Robert de Verney of Flete-Marston, and Isabella his wife, as the right of John;" and in 1316,
another fine of messuages, lands, and meadow in Quainton between John de Arcubus of Cranwell,'-'
and Alice his wife, and Thomas Mallet, to whom the estate was granted for life. Also, in 1318, a
fine between Robert Mallet the elder, and Geoffrey de Meleburn of the Manor of Dunyndon and
ducentos solidatos terrse bene in pace libere quiete integre et honorifice in perpetuum. Et ut hsec mea donatio et con-
cessio rata sit et stabilis in posterum prcesenteni Chartam sigilli mei apposilione roboravi : Hiis testibus Domino Waltero
de Patshull. Stephano de Lega. Thoma de Giimbald. Nicolas de Bello campo. Gervasio Filio Reginaldi. Mattlieo de
Piddington. Johanne de la Mole. Willielmo filio Johannis. Thoma de Erdley.
Robertus Mallet venit et convenit quod dedit Laurentio de Broc decem libratas Terrs per extentum Domini Regis in
Huntingdonia et in Cantabrigia et si non erit tantum ibidem, habebit in Quendon in Com. Buck. [Placit. 27. Hen. III.
Hunt.]
i Page 264. s MSS. in the College of Arms, and Monast. Anglic, vol. vi. p. 835.
3 Rot. Fin. 3 Hen. HI. MSS. Willis, vol. xvi. * Test, de Nevil, p. 245, etc.
s Rot. Fin. 36 and 38 Hen. HI. . 6 ibid. 35 Hen. HI.
7 Rot. Orig. 23 Ed. I. ro 8. Abbrev. vol. i. p. 88. 8 Esc. 16 Ed. I.
9 Qu ? whether his son or brother.
10 There must have been some error in the account preserved of this family, no name of William being discovered at
the period quoted : but see Rot. Fin. 31 Ed. I.
" Ibid, 2 Ed. II. 11 See Waddesdon.
VOL. 1. 3 E
394 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Queynton, and the advowson of the cluirch, which were then settled on Robert Mallet for life, with re-
mainder to Robert Mallet the younger, and Isabel his wife ; ^ and in 1320, another fine of "messuages
and lands in Queynton," similarly settled. -
Robert Mallet was living, in 1332, but died before 1347, and his estate here was purchased of his
co-heirs by Thomas de Missenden, who had been formerly denominated, Thomas de Cophouse,
as is asserted from his holding the office of Pensella, Chief Cup-bearer, or Cellarer, (pen signifying
the head, and sella, a cellar, says the antiquary) to the Duke of York, or some other royal person-
age, but took the name of Missenden upon coming into an estate at this place.
Thomas de Missenden and Isabella his wife, in 1351, passed a fine of the third part of the Manor
of Donyngdon (inter alia) with William de Heure (Iver) and Joane his wife, the right of Thomas.'
Thomas de Missenden, and Isabella, and Thomas Lambyn, or Lanlyn, Chaplain, in 1348,
passed a fine of divers lands, and of the moiety of two parts of the manor of Queynton, and the third
part of the rectory of the church, which Thomas Lambyn granted to Thomas de Missenden and the
heirs of his body.* Thomas de Missenden, likewise purchased other lands here, of Robert atte Halle,
and Joane his wife, two parts of the manor, and a third of a third part, with the like interest in
and proportion of the advowson :^ of William Beavoir and Alice his wife, their third part of the
manor,'^ of William de Heure and Joane his wife, another third part of the manor of Quainton,
of Almaric Fitz-Warine" and Isabella his wife, their third part of the Manor of Queynton and
Dunyndon, and the like portion of the advowson r*^ of the before-mentioned William de Heure and
Joane, certain rents in Quainton, which were settled on Thomas de Mussenden and Isabella his wife,
and the heirs of Thomas ;5 and of John Poignaunt and Alice his wife, a mediety of two parts of the
manor and advowson,'" so that Thomas de Missenden and Isabella were at length seised in joint-tenancy
of the whole manor and advowson, which at the death of Thomas became the sole property of his
widow, and passed in marriage to her second husband Sir John Golafre, Knt. of Sarsden, co. Oxon.
who died in 1379, seised of this manor and advowson, in right of his wife, and held for one knight's
fee and suit of court, under Edward the Black-Prince, Earl of Chester," and Duke of Cornwall, as of
his Honour of Walingford.'"
PEDIGREE OF GOLAFRE or GULAFRE, MISSENDEN, FROME, BREOSE, SPIGURNELL,
IWARDBY, AND ELMES,
AS RELATING TO THE MANOR OF QUAINTON.
From Leland-s Itinerary, Dugdales Monasticon, Madoxs Hist, of the Exchequer, Hearne's Liber Niger Scaecarii, Cotton MSS. Lansdowne aiSS.
Willis's WSS. Cardigan MSS. Harleian RISS. Inquis. post Mort. Testa de Nev.I, and other Authorities.
Arms : Barry of six wavy Arg. and Gu. surtout a bend S. charged with three bezants. Golafre. Or, according to Edmondson, Arg. four bars wavy Gu on a
bend S. three bezants. Golntre, of Oxfordshire. Party per fess A'ert. and Arg. a pale counterchanged between hree Acorns Or F^f^eld. Arg a
cross engrailed Gu. voided Arg. in the 1st quarter a Cornish chough proper. M ,.se„den. Arg. a fess vert, over all a Lion ramp Gu Frame. Az.
a Lion ramp.seme of cross crosslets Or. Breu>us. or Braose. [Harl. MSS. 1110.] Gu. frette Arg. on a chief Or a lion passan gardant Gu SptgurneU,
Arg. a saltire engrailed S. on a chief of the second, two mullets of the first. Iwardhy. Paley ot six Arg. and S. a bend Gu. Annestef, Erm. two bars
S. each charged with three elm-leaves slipped erect Or. Elmes. S. three silver pick-axes. P>s"t. quartering G,//ar</, and with Fos(«-, in an escut-
cheon of pretence. Cheque Or and Az. a fess Gu. Clifford.
Sii. RocEn GoLAFnE, Knt. Lord of Sarsden, co. Oxon. temp. John ; bur. at Breuern-Abbey, after 1215.^
SmRooin Golafke, Knt. of Norton, co. Northampton, called eld.=pAMABEi., dau. and hr. of Hugh
son and hr. Dep. Chamberlain of theExchequer, 1 or 2 Ed. 1. (1273) Ld. of Upper-Heyford, Co. Northampt.
[Madox's Hist.ofExcheq. p. 417 : Monast. Anglic, vol. v.p. 182.] |
1 Rot. Fin. 12 Ed. H. Mb. 14 Ed. II. 3 ib. 25 Ed. III.
♦ See Pedu^kke of Missenden. •' Rot. Fin. 22 Ed. III. ^ ibid. ^ Ibid. 2.5 Ed. III.
«Ibid. 9 Iljid. 29 Ed. III. 10 Ibid. 30 Ed. III.
» Esc. 2 Ric. II. Cal. vol. iii. p. 10. '' See Page 21.
QUAINTON.
395
^ Sir John Goi.afbe, Knt. son=
•• Male line of Golafre" said to have " termi- of Roger ; d. June, 1297 (25
nated in John de Golafre, son of John, who Ed.l.) bur. at Bruern.
occurs in 20 Ed. 3." [Hist, of Northampt.
vol... p. 417.]
pAlice Colworp. BIaud, mar.to
qu.? Griffin, of....
Northampt.
•cV.
Thomas Golafre, Esq.^oANE. John
d. 1332 ; bur. at Bruern. of an
jolafre, attesting witness to a Confirn
idvowson to Daventry-Priory. [Dugd
r.at===ELizABETH, dau. and hr. of John
1 d.l Feb. 1360, bur. at Fyfield.
lation Charter, by Roger de Welton,
.Monast.vol.v.p. 181.n. 12.]
Fyfield, Esq. of Fyfield,
Will. G
[Lelan
dau.ofBer-
nard Bro-
ca9, relict
of Tho. de
Missenden
Cousin and
heir of Sir
Will.de
Missenden
bur. in
Missenden
Abbey.
i'sTthTe'rary.]
Sm John Golafre, Knt. d. 3 Jan. 1363; bi
Fyfield, CO. Berks.
Tho. Golafre,
Esq.d.atRad-=i
ley or Bagley,
26 Aug. 1378;
bur. in the
Black-Friars,
JVIar- Will. Golafre, ^
pGARET Esq. ob. s. p. bur.
FoxLF.Y in the Gr.-Friars,
d.l396. Oxford,
bur.nr. [Dugd. Jlonast.
her vol. V. p. 182.]
husbd.
fAlk-e, dau.
of John
Bishop, of
Abingdon:
bur. there,
after 1393.
Sir Nic.
Golafre,
Knight,
younger
to Robt. d
Wightham
had issue :
ob. 1416.
AjiiciA.dau
- and hr. of
Thomas de
Langley;
died, s.p.
IFRE.
cal-
of Sir
re.
^SiR John Gola-=
FRE, Knt. died
seisedoftheManoi-
ar,dAdvowson of
Uxoris, atQuain-
ton, 1379; bur.
in the Gr.-Friars,
Oxford.
[Monast. Ang-
lic, vol. vi. p.
1529, says at
Fyfield.]
pSiR Thomas Mis-
senden, Knt. had a
Charter of Free-
Warren, in Quen-
don, 28 Ed. 3.
1 354, held Missen-
den, 41 Ed. 3. bur.
at Missenden-Ab-
bey.circ. 1369.
[Pedig.ofMis-
SEN m Missenden.]
.= .... ■dau.=
of., relict
of Sir.. .
Englefield
Knt.
3.
= dau.
of . . . re-
lict of Sir
.. Pole
Knt.
John Gol
led' cousin
John Gola
....dau. of ..
of Sir ... . Bru
mother of Sir J
Brune, Knt.
. relict=JoHN Golafre, Esc
en, and d. 23 Feb. 1441,
orice s. p. bur. at Fyfield
Alice, illegitimate dau. of Sir John Golafre, nat. son of Sir
Sir John Golafre ; Prior- John G. by a" /cmoH, called Johanet
(or Jenny) Pulham;" willed 19 J
ess of Buruham, eirc.
1399, or according to
Tanner, 1406.
[Willis's MSS.]
=Philippa, dau. and co-h. of John de Sir EDMtjND=f=J
Mohun. Ld. of Dunster ; mar. 2dly to
Walter Baron Fitz- Walter; died in
Mis
den.
Knt. son and
393, to be bur. at the Grey-Friar's, the reign of Hen. 6, bur. in Westm. hr.d.l2Dec.
. . . ,- „ . „ _gg^^ |.g^^^
9Ric. 2.n.
6: Cal.vol.
Oxford ; but interred by the King
command, in Westm. Abbey ; died
atWalingford; Will proved27 Nov.
Abbey. [Dugd. Bar. tom. i. pp. 222,
448, and Monast. Anglic, vol. vi.
p. 1529]
uliana. dau. of . .
Lord Grey of Ro-
therfield, died seised
ofMissenden, 1407.
[Esc. 8 Hen. 4.
Cal.vol. iii. p. 190,
309.]
Sir Bernard RIissenden, or ]\1ussenden, son and heir of=
Sir Edmund, by Juliana his wife ; bom 1386, in ward of
the King at his fathers death. [Esc. 18 Ric.2.no.30.
19 Ric. 2. no. 33. 10 Hen. 4.] made proof of his full
age, 8 Hen. 4. died about 1408, bur. at Buckingham.
[MS. penes Franc. Missenden, Arm. de Heyling, co.
Line. 1610, in Monast. Anglic, vol. vi. p. 548.
IsABELL, dau. and co-h. of John Frome, Ld. of Buckingham,=:MoRTi-:=JoHN Chevne,
<by dau. of Tregos) grand-daughter of William mer, of Esq. of Ches-
Frome, Ld. of Frome-Knolton and Woodland, by Elizabeth ham-Bois, 3d
dau. and hr. of John Brewys, son and hr. of Sir Giles de 2d hus- husband, pat-
Braose , and Beatrix his wife, who died in the reign of Ed. 1 . band ron of Quainton
seised of the Manor of Buckingham after 1435. [See whom Rectory, 1422.
Pedig. of Frome, Braose, and Spicvrnell, in Bucking- she sup-
ham ; also, p. 202.] vived.
John Iwardey, or El'ERBv, Esq. of Missenden, jure U:
son of John Iwardby, Esq. of Maple-Durham, co. Oxon.
by Jane dau. and co-h. of Sir Hugh Annesley, Knt. [Karl.
MSS. 1533, n. 44, 45.] of Riddington, co. Notts, dead
before Isabell his mother-in-law : bur. at Missenden.
s=f=KATitERiNE, dau. and
hr. died 10 July. 1436;
I IH.
Nicholas Iwardby, Esq. Lord of Quainton and patron of the=
Church 1447, confirmed by Charter, 28 Hen. 6. in the lands
of Sir Tho. de Missenden, his maternal ancestor; d. 1462. [Esc.
2 Ed. 4. n. 10.] bur. 10 May at St. Bridget's Church,
London.
2H.
=ELizABErii, eld. dau. of John Hampden, Esq.^TnoMAs Salendine, Esq.
of Hampden, by Elizabeth dau. of Sir John d.25 Nov. 1466.
Whalesborough, Knt. [Pedig. of Hampden.] [Willis's MSS. in
d. 8 Dec. 1466. having held Quainton and Bibl. Bodl. Oxon.]
Missenden in dower : bur. at Missenden.
[Esc. 21. Ed. 4.]
John U-a
ton ; diec
Hen. 7.)
IDBY, Esq. of Qui
22 Aug. 1485,
sised of Quainton
■=r=JoANE, dau. of Edmund Brudenell, }!Js([. oi Stoke-MandevilU, by his second wife Richard I\i
(1 Philippadau.ofPhilipEnglefield, Esq. of Fressingfield. CO. Suffolk; heldQuain- d. 15 July,
in dower, 1522. [PED.ofBRUDENELL,inSTOKE-MANDEviLLE,& Amersham. bur. at Quai
William Elmes,
Esq. of Lilford,
CO. Northampt.
and Middle-Tem-
ple, London.
and co-h.
both her husbands;
held Doddershall ir
dower; will dated
1548;bur.atWhad-
. eld. dau.=pTHOMAs Pigot, Esq. Serj . at Law ; of=
Whaddon and Doddershall; died
1519; bur. at Whaddon.
[See Pedigrees of Pigot, and
PiGOTT of Doddershall.]
John El.mfs, of=
Missenden, and
Lilford.
: . . . . dau. of John Joani
Lord Mordaunt. ob.
1559,
Edmund Elmes, Esq. of Lilford.=
Thomas Elmes, Esq.=j=
Willmm Elmes, Esq.
Jerome Hampden, Esq.
of Hartwell. [See Pedig.
of Hampden, in Hamp-
den, Hartwell, &c.]
dau. of Sir John St. John, Kt.
:Agnes, dau. Margery. 2d. dau. and Will. =pEllen,=pTho. Clifford,
andhr. of., co-h. mar. to Sir Ralph Cutler 3d dau. I Esq. afterwards
Forster, of Verney, Knt. of Mid- Esq. and Knt. 3d son of
Writtle, CO. dle-Claydon.ashis first co-h. Tho. Ld. Clif-
Essex, first wife. 4, ford, of Brack-
wife. [Pedigree of Verney, enbury.
p. 178.] I
of Brackenbury.
Esq.
ID, Esq. of Brackenbury .=
:ElizabetHj dau. of Sir
Wm. Skipton, Knt.
■ Thienelby. qu. Thirnby.
DRD.=j=URsnLA, dau. of James Digby.
dau. and hr.
396 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Sir John Golafre died at Dundon or Denham in Quainton, and Isabella his reUct who held this
estate during her second widowhood, was succeeded by Sir Edmund de Missenden her son by the
former match, who dying in 139't, left Bernard, his son and heir, then eight years of age ; Juliana,
widow of Edmund, still surviving,^ and Bernard being in wardship of the king. In 1399, it was re-
turned, that Thomas Shelle, Chivalier,'^ died seised of the Manors of Quainton- Mallet and Missenden,"
as did also Juliana, widow of Edmund de Missenden, in 1407,'' and this estate being settled upon
Isabella, wife of the said Bernard, at his death in 1408, she subsequently in 1420, together with John
Cheyne, her then husband held this manor, and exercised the right of patronage of the church, by pre-
senting to the rectory.
Bernard de Missenden left an only daughter Katherine, married to John Iwardby or Euerby, Esq.
of Maple-Durham, co. Oxon. and in 1412, the Manor of Quainton was included in a fine passed by
John Iwardby, with Thomas Salendine and Elizabeth his wife (formerly Elizabeth Iwardby, and wife
of Nicholas son of the said John) and in 1135, John Iwardby brought a n-rit offormedon, on the
descent of Bernard de INIisscnden, his wife's father against Isabell his mother-in-law, then the wife of
John Cheyne, Esq. to maintain the right of Katherine, wife of the said John Iwardby, and if he had
survived Isabell Cheyne, he would have been Lord of Quainton ; but dying in lier life time, he never
came into possession; and Katherine his wife, likewise dying, 10 July, 1436,^ this estate on the decease
of Isabell Cheyne, came to her grandson, Nicholas Iwardby, Esq. who obtained from King Henry VI.
a confirmation by charter of the lands of his maternal ancestor, Thomas de Missenden, and of the
privileges included in the respective charters of llEd. II. and23 Ed. III.'' and after his decease in 1462,
this manor was held as part of the dower of his widow, Elizabeth, who being married to Thomas Salen-
dine, or Selandine, was a party to the fine before-mentioned. At her death, in 1466, the estate des-
cended to John Iwardby, eldest son of her first husband. He married Joane, daughter of Edmund
Brudenell, Esq. of Raans in Agmondesham,^ and dying 22 Aug. 1486," this Joane, his widow, held
the estate until her death, after which, on a partition of the lands of the Iwardbys, amongst her three
daughters and co-heiresses, Elizabeth first married to William Elmes, Esq. of Lilford, co. North-
ampton (whose issue by her, succeeded to her portion of the inheritance ; ) " and secondly, to Thomas
Pigot, Esq. of Whaddon, Serjeant-at-Law,^" Margery, second daughter and co-heiress, the wife of
Sir Ralph Verney, Knt. of ]\Iiddle-CIaydon," and Eleanor, first the wife of William Cutler, Esq. and
secondly, of Thomas Clifford, Esq.'- this manor became part of the portion of Dame Margery Verney,
who died in 151 9.
Sir Ralph Verney, her surviving husband, who held this estate by courtesy, until 1525, then dying,
it descended to his son and heir, another Sir Ralph Verney, Knt. whose widow, Elizabeth, second of
the ten daughters of Edmond Lord Bray, and sister and co-heiress of John Lord Bray," afterwards
1 Esc. 18 Ric. II. n". .30, and 19 Ric. II. n° 33, in the Archives of the Tower of London.
= If it be allowable to suspect an error in the copy (and there are certainly very many mistakes and misnomers of a similar
kind, in the printed transcripts of the Public Records) the name should have been Cheijne, not Shelle, as a guardian of
Bernard de IVIissenden, in his minority.
3 Esc. 1. Hen. IV. n». 73. Cal. vol. iii. p. 27-2. ^ Esc. 8 Hen. IV. = See Missexden.
c Rot. Pat. 28 Hen. VI. p. 1. ■". 19. ' Pedigree of Brudenell in Amersham, and Weston-Turville.
« Clutterbuck's Herts, vol. i. p. 284.
t> Family Pedigree in the possession of William Pigott, Esq. of Doddershall.
w See Pedigrees of Pigot, and Pu.ott of Doddersii.all.
" Pedigree of Verney in Clavdon, p. 178.
12 Clutterbuck's Herts, vol. i. p. 284.
" Pedigree of Verney, p. 179. See also, Mentmore, and Pedigree of Bray.
QUAINTON. 397
held this manor and advowson, and was married, secondly, to Sir Richard Catesby, Knt. thirdly, to
William Clarke, Esq. of Swepland, co. Leicester, of whom a short pedigree is inserted below.'
About four years before the death of Sir Ralph Verney (the last of those names mentioned) this
manor was included with other lands in a settlement made by deed 18 Sept. 34' Hen. VIII. to the use
of Sir Ralph and Dame Elizabeth, his wife, for life, with remainder to his right heirs : and his sur-
viving son and heir Sir Edmund Verney, the reversioner, whilst his mother was still living, entailed
this estate upon his own issue by his second wife Dame Audrey, daughter of William Gardiner, Esq."
and dying m 1599, Dame Mary, his third wife, in her widowhood, joined in an indenture, 4 Dec. 1601,
(4 Jac. 1.) with Sir Francis Verney, Knt. of Pendley, co. Herts, and Edmund Verney, sons of her
late husband Sir Edmund^ (reciting a deed dated 20 June preceding) between Dame Mary Verney
and the said Sir Francis of the first part, Sir George Fleetwood, Sir Owen Oglethorpe, and Sir Robert
Philipps, Knt. and John Jermyn, Esq. whereby Dame Mary, released to Sir Francis Verney, his heirs
and assigns, all her interest in the Manor of Quainton, alias Dunton, alias Donington, in Quainton,
(excepting the Manor-house of Dundon, and certain other lands expVessed, with Church-Hill and
Gregory Breamer's Close,) with covenants for a fine to confirm that settlement.*
Sir Francis Verney was the last of his family who held this estate. The manor and advowson, with
all the lands in Denham, and a considerable property in the township of Quainton, were conveyed (in
what year is not exactly ascertained) to Richard Winwood, Esq. of Ditton, son of Sir Ralph Win-
wood, Knt.^ He was, in January 1642, one of the Parliamentary Committee, attending King
Charles at Oxford, in order to a settlement with the Parliament, and was specially named in the safe-
conduct granted by the King on that occasion;^ but unless he took a more active part in military
affairs than has been recorded, his being represented in complete armour on a gorgeous monument
in Quainton church, must have been a compliment to the taste of that age, rather than agreeable to
historical propriety. His memory is, however, better preserved here as the founder of an alms-house,
which he built and endowed. After his death in 1688, the mansion and estate were held by his
widow, until 13 March, 1693, when these possessions descended at her death to Ralph, Earl of
Montague, grandson of Edward, Lord Montague, of Boughton, (who had married Anne, sister of
Richard Winwood) and afterwards coming to John, second Duke of Montague, K.G.' the estate
was, in 1718, conveyed to Henry Godolphin, D.D. Dean of St. Paul's and Provost of Eton,'' and
descending to his son Francis, who in 1766, on the decease of Francis, Earl of Godolphin, Viscount
Rialton and Baron Godolphin, succeeded under the limitations of the Patent (dated 23 Jan. 1733 :
7 Geo. II.) to the Barony; at his death in 1785, without issue, came by devise to Lord Francis
Godolphin-Osborne, second son of Francis Godolphin, Duke of Leeds, and younger brother of George
William Frederick, also Duke of Leeds, whose grandmother, Mary, Duchess of Leeds, was one of the
•PEDIGREE OF CLARKE, of DUNDON, on DENHAM.
Arms : Party per chev. Az.. and Arg. three eagles displayed counterchanged, in chief a leopard's face Or. Crat. a goat attired Or. saliant against a tree
Vert; and m another place, Persaltire, S. and Arg. in chief three leopard's faces Or. in base an eagle displayed. Crcsf, a pine tree bearing fi-uit
prop, thereon a goat saliant Or. [Harl. IMSS.1533.] ^ r j
James Clarke, of Swepland, CO. Leicester=j=
William Clauke, Esq. of Dundon, co. Bucks.=Ei.izABETH, 2d of the ten daughters of Edmond, and sister and co-h. of John Lord Bray,
named before 1553, as third husband. survived three husbands, and was married, fourthly, to Henry Phillipps, Esq.
2 See Claydon, p. 181. 3 Pao-e 182.
* From the oi'ig-inal in the possession of Sir Harry Verney, Bart, at Middle-Claydon. See also, page 182.
5 Stoke-Poges, and Pedigree of Winwood. 6 Lord's Journals vol. v.
7 Stoke PoGES, and Pedigree of Montague. " 8 gee Eton,
9 Ibid, also Pedigree of Godolphin-Osborne.
398 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
daughters and co-heirs of Francis, Earl of Godolphin the devisor : and Lord Francis Godolphin-
Osborne, now Baron Godolphin/ is the present possessor.
MUSARDS MANOR.
At the Domesday Survey, another manor was in the hands of Hascoit Musard, who was taxed at
two hides and a half. The land was sufficient for four ploughs. In the demesne were two, and four
villeins with three bordars had another, to which a fourth might have been added. Here were two
servants, pasture for two teams, woods for one hundred hogs : always worth fifty shillings.
Azor, son of Tote, Huscarle" to King Edward, held this manor in the Saxon times, and might sell
it : and Eudo held under Hascoit after the conquest.'
Hasco Musard, probably had no other estate in this county. His grandson of the same names, was
dead before the end of the reign of Hen. H. and in default of male heirs, the lands of this family were,
in the time of Edw. I. divided between the daughters of Ralph .Alusard, the last of that name, and
their representatives : but this estate not being described among their possessions, had been probably
alienated before that period. Other lands of Azor the Saxon, had been distributed to different persons
by the conqueror, and in the absence of all authentic information, it may be permitted to conjecture,
that through some channel not ascertained, the estate here had been conveyed to some of those re-
ligious houses, whose lands have been since divided into small portions, and have become the property
of numerous owners. It is probable that Hasco was a name originally borrowed from the Saxon
Huscarle, and that the estate here was continued in the successors of its ancient possessors like
Hampden and otliers upon a compromise with the followers of the Duke of Normandy.
PEDIGREE OF MUSARD.
From Dugdale's Baronage, vol. i. p. 512, 51 3 ; and other Authorities.
Hascoit Musard, held lands in Quainton,
RlCHAUD Mv
Hascoit Musard, Benefactor to the Knights Templars, &c. 12 lien. 2 ; dead 33 Hen. 2.=p
Ralph iMusard, Sheriff of Gloucestershire from 17 Joh. to 9 Hen. 3. Benefactor=T=
to Beauchief-Abbey and Welbeck-Abbey, co. Notts, ob. 14 Hen. 3.
Ralph JIusard. broth. & heir of Robert, in ward=T=
of Jeffrey le Despencer : ob. 49 Hen. 3.
Raphe Musard, 30 years
of age at his father's death :
ob. 1. Ed. 1.
Nicholas Musard, Ankihe
uncle & hr. of John: deFrech
ob. 29 Bd. 1. villf.
iciA,eld. ]MARGARET,2d dau.viv. Will. de=
.dead29 29 Ed.l. iEt.50,co-h.of Chelar-
1. Nicholas Musard. dision.
John Musard, a minor at Sin Ralph Frecheville, Knt. Joane, sole dau. aet. 30, in 29
his father's death, of age 28 yrs. of age, 29 Ed. 1. co-h. Ed. 1. co-h. of her uncle Ni-
15.Ed. l.ob. 17.Ed. I. of Nicholas Musard. cholas Musard, qu ?
Lands of Walini^ford Priori/. — ^The name of the original benefactor to this religious foundation, of
a small estate in Quainton has not been ascertained,^ but having continued to belong to the Priory
1 Created 11 May, 18.32. = Fleet-Mauston, p. 327.
' Terra Hascoit Musard.— H.ascoit Musard ten' et Eudo de eo. In Chentone ii. hid.' et dim. p. uno CW. Tra' e. iiii. car.
In dnio. ii. car. et. ini. uilli cil. in. bord. hnt. i. car' et alia pot.' fieri. Ibi. ii. serui ptu. ii. car.' Silua. c. pore' In
totfi ual. et ualuit sep. L. sol. Hoc 00, tenuit Azor, Toti filius Huscarle. R. E. et uende' pot.' Lib. Censual. vol. i. f. 152. b,
■» See East-Claydon, p. 166.
QUAINTON. 399
until the suppression when it was granted by King Henry VIII. with lands in Eythrope, Blackgrave,
and East-Claydon, to Cardinal Wolsey, for the endowment of his College in Oxford/ and either re-
verting to the crown by the Cardinal's attainder, or usurped by an intruder, was, about the time of the
Reformation probably included in Queen Elizabeth's grant to Theophilus Adams and Thomas Butler,
and the heirs and assigns of Adams, on the petition of Henry Lord Wentworth," to whom the Queen
had promised certain of the concealed lands.
Lands of Thame- Abbey , in Quainton, distinct from the estate belonging to the same establishment
in Lee, are mentioned as early as the reign of Henry III.^
It is probable that these might have been part of the possessions of the family of Musard, and
afterwards in the hands of Hugh Pirot and Maud his wife, and mentioned in a fine between them and
Laurence, Abbat of Thame, passed in 1231, and called the right of the church of Thame.* Elena
de Pirot supposed to be the daughter or grand-daughter of Hugh and Maud, was the wife of Sir
Laurence de Broc, whose grandfather, another Sir Laurence, held large estates in Bucks, and was
found by inquisition at his death,^ to have died seised inter al. of eighteen acres of meadow at Quenton,
held of Robert Mallet, for one pair of gloves. This Sir Laurence, married Milicent, daughter of
Robert Mallet, before mentioned.
PEDIGREE OF BROCK.
From Halsted's Genealogies, and other Authorities.
Sir Rouert de Broc, Marshall of England and Forester of Cannoc, son of Sir Ranulph de Broc,=j=I\lARGAnET de Beauciiamp.
Governor of Agenet and Constable of the Castle and Honour of Saltwood, by Damata de Goi-um.
Sir Laurence deBroc, Lord of Shephall, held lands in Chesham, Agmondesham, Little-Mis-=j=MiLicENT, dau. of Rob.Malle
senden. Ellesborough, Weedon, Hardwick, Birdesthorne, Southeot, and Uenham, and in Quair
under Robert fllallet. [Esc. die Luna: post Epiphania; Dom. 3 Ed. 1. apud Chestresham.]
Sir H'jgh de Broc, eld. son and heir : in 1274, 36 years of age.=^AGNES d
Sir Laurence de Broc, Lord=f=ELENA de Pirot.
of Shephall, co. Herts. 4.
Thame- Abbey held the lands by whomsoever given, until the dissolution, and in 1543, King
Hen. VIII. granted to Richard Andrews and Nicholas Temple, two messuages called Brunnses and
Kenmers in Quainton, and forty-seven acres of land and meadow, " Cow wyke-Close," and " Hoo
Layes" pasture ; a meadow adjacent : nine butts and two rods abutting on the fyerhood^ in Quainton,
habend. in capite, by the fortieth part of a knight's fee :' which had been leased about nine years
before, to Peter Dormer, with his estate in Lee."
Notley-Abbey Lands here, are supposed to have been bestowed upon that foundation by the family
of D'Abitot, founders of Little-Malvern Priory, to whom part of the possessions of the Wymbervilles "
in Quainton, had descended together with lands in Oving and North-Marston ; and after the sur-
render of religious houses, were granted in 1640,'" by King Henry VIII. to Michael Dormer, Esq. of
Great-Kimble, and subsequently included with the site of Little-Malvern Priory, co. Worcester, in
the demise to Andrews and Temple : and in 1589, Queen Elizabeth, for services and at the request of
Edward Dyer, Esq. granted to Edward Bageholt, (Bagot) and Bartholomew Yardley, inter, al. two
closes in Quainton and Grendon, to hold by fealty and Qd. rent, as of the Manor of East-Greenwich.)''
1 Rot. Pat. 20 Hen. VIII. 2 Rot. Pat. 27 Eliz. Test. 2 Aug.
■•! Rot. Fin. 11 Hen. III. 4 ibid. 16 Hen. III.
5 Esc. 3. Edw. I. given at large by Halsted. 6 Qu ? High-road. i Rot. Pat. 35 Hen. VIII. Test. 15 July.
8 Shipton-Lee. 9 Page 393. '" Rot. Pat. 32 Hen. VIII. " Rot. Pat. 31 Eliz. Test. 21. Mar.
400
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
In 1670, Francis Lord Hawley and others (23 Car. II.) conveyed to George Gosnold, Gent, of
Beaconsfiekl, a yearly rent or tenth of 4s. issuant out of Bonnsor's and Kenmer's Closes, in Quainton
and SIiipton-Lee, part of the late monastery of Thame, payable by John Dormer, Esq. John Dormer
seems to have held this estate about the same period, and a scire facias was brought in Chancery,
12 Feb. 1680, (.'J2 Car. II.) to repeal a grant made to him to inclose an ancient way in Quainton,
the new way not being so convenient as the old one.'
Another John Dormer, the last of that name who resided at Lee-Grange, severed these lands from
the estate conveyed to John Calcraft, Esq. and in 1791, after the death of Robert Dormer, Esq." the
same passed, by the marriage ot Mary, his only surviving sister, to her husband Lieutenant-General
Harry Trelawny, at whose death, in 1800, the estate descended to his son Charles Trelawny-
Brereton, Esq. (who had taken the latter name in 1798, at the decease of Owen Salisbury Brereton, Esq.
F. R. and A. S. Recorder of Liverpool) was Lieutenant-Colonel of the Coldstream Regiment of Guards,
and dying in 1820, his property here, became vested in Maria Trelawny Brereton, liis widow, who
is the present possessor.
PEDIGREE OF TRELAWNY and TRELAWNY-BRERETON.
Arg. a chevron S. Trelawny.
Party per saltire Or. !
I Arg. on a salti
I wolf passant proper. JJotto, Sermoni coiisoiia fuctn. Arg. two bars S. BrcrefoH. [GwUtim.
. five fleurs de lis of the first : all within a border Gobony Or. and S. Hawkins.
Sin Jonathan Trelawnv, 2d Bart. (eld. son and hr. of Sir.TohnTrelawney, cr. Baronet.^MAnY, eld.dau. of SirEdw.
1 .Tuly, 1628, by Car. ]. by Elizabeth, dau. of >ir Reginald Mohun, Bart. ofBoconnock, I Seymour, Bart, of Bury-
co.Cornwall, M.P. forEast-Looe, 1G78 ; West-Looe, 1691, HiiiefeentA in descent from Pomeroy, co. Devon.
E Du Ni , who held Treloen , co. Cornwall, temp. Edw. Confessor. [ Baronetages of England.]
John, M. P.=
for West-
Looe, 1690:
=CATn. 3d Sm Jonathan Trela-wny, 3d Bart, educated at=pREUErcA, dau. and
dau. and Westminster, of Ch.-Ch. Oxon, 1658; D.U. 26 co-h. of Tho. Hele,
co.-h. of Oct. 1685; Bp. of Bristol, 8 Nov. imprisoned in Esq.of liascomb,co.
Jas. Jen- the Tower, 8 June. 1688 ; released 15 June; Bp.of Dev. by Eliz. dau. &
kins, Escj. Exeter, 13 Apl, 1689 ; Bp. of Winchester, 1707 ; d. ] co-h. of Mat. Hals,
■gjuly, 1721; bur. at Pelynt, CO. Cornwall. [VVil- of EfTord, by Rebec-
lis's Cath. vol. i. p. 782.] ca, dau. and co-h. of
Cha.Specott, Esq.of
Thornbury.
Gen. M. P. for East-Looe,
twice: ob. 1731, a:t. 78,
bur. at Pelynt.
William Chichester, ob.
ccel. 1694.
Mary, mar. to Lt.-Col. Da-
vies, who was killed in Nor-
mandy, 24 Sep. 1707, bur.
at Winchester.
Hen.Tre-
Col. in the
Army,7th
son, M.P.
for West-
Looe,
:KEI!ECCA,
h. of Matt.
Hals.Esq.
of Eftbrd,
co.Devon.
[Betham,
vol.i.p.
329.]
SiRjon.NTnE-=
,
nil .
El. Trelawnev,=
LAWN V, 4th
of ..
.
Esq. M. P. for
Bart. M.P. for
Black
\Vest-Looe,1722,
WestLooe,
wood:
ob.
1727, 1734;
1710,1713;
15 April,
Commiss. of the
Liskeard,
1777.*^
Victualling Of-
1721; West-
fice, and of the
Looe, 1727 &
Customs; Gov.
: ob.
of Jamaica: dead
1756, s. p.
17.56.
-.... dau.
Hele Trelawnev,
CllARLEsTnELAWNEV.ofCh.-
Letitia =
f=Sin Harry
Captain =f
of John
of Ch.-Ch. Cvon,
Ch.Oxon.A.M.8July,1719,
fourth
Trela»ny
Williaji
Craw-
A.M.23 Apl. 1725;
Preb. of Winton: ob. 24
dau. Ob.
5th Bart.
Trelaw-
ford, Esq.
B. &D.D.271Mar.
Aug. 1721.
28 May,
Aid-de-
ny.
1736; Rec.of
HARRvTRlLAWNEY.d.atSea.
1775.
Camp to
South-Hill and
Charlotte, ob.mnupt.
John Duke
Lanrealh, Cornwall.
]MARY,mar. toRev Al-
of fllarl-
Ob. June, 1740.
REBECCA.mar.toJohnBuller,
Esq. of Morval.
Anne, ob. innupt.
boro' K.G.
d. 7tli Apl.
1762.
Anne, LEiiTiA,eld.=SiR William Trelawvy, 6th Jiait. Charles Trelawny, Harry Trelawny, Col.
youngest dau. ob. 24 I i\I. P. for West Looe, 1754,1761 ; Capt. eld. son; M.P. for — Reg.of FootGu.Lt.-Gen.
dau. Aug.1772. | R.N.Gov.of Jamaica:diedatKingston, Liskeard, 1741 and 1793, Gov. of Landguard
^\U\\ Dec.1773; had a public funeral. 1747 : ob.60ct. 1764, Fort, co. Essex : ob. 28 Jan.
[Long's Hist.of Jamaica, vol. ii. p. 263.] s. p. 1800, a;t. 74.
BIary, sole surv. sist.
and hr. of Rob. Dormer,
Esq. of Lee-Grange and
Quainton : ob. 13 May,
1782. qu?
Tre
Lt.-Col. 1st Reg. Foot Guards, M. P. for St.=j=MAniA, dau.ofTh
Michael's. CO. Cornwall: took the name of Brereton in 1798, on
the decease of Owen Salisbury Brereton, Esq. died in Soho-sq. Lon-
don, Sept. 1 820, a;t. 63.
Soi>
Esq.sist.ofSirCa
Bart, of Tremthen, co. C
wall; mar. 1 July, 1786.
11 A, 2d dau- mar. to J. L. Freeman,
of Crickmaillyn, co. Pembroke.
[Betham, vol. ii. ap. p. 25.]
-Brereton. Esq. Ha
Catharine. Sorhia, mar. 1322, to
Caroline, or qu ? Charlotte, mar. 14 June, C. F. L. Duplieux,
1827, to J. C. B. Trevanion, Esq. Count de Cadignan.
MARiA-HAWkiNs, mar. 33 June, 1825, to Le
Viscompte D'Estampes, of Breneville, France.
Letitia.
Note of Scire. Fac. since 20 Car. 2. MS.
Gent. Mag. vol. Ixxxvi. P. 2. p. 577. Vol.
- See page 416.
P. 2. p. 9. Fosbroke's Eucyclopoed. p. 109.
QUAINTON. 401
THE VILLAGE,
situated at the southern base of a lofty hill on the n.e. border of the Vale of Aylesbury, about six
miles distant from that town, appears from the s.e. to be embosomed among trees, but the church
is very conspicuous from a great distance, with a slope in the fore-ground, the almshouses and par-
sonage near it on the w. and towards the n. a fine wavy line of eminences terminating with a screen
of trees on Grange-Hill in Lee, and in an opposite direction with rich pastures of Denham and Pitch-
cott, blending with the more distant hills in perspective, of Hertfordshire and the Chilterns.
On the highest ground in the village is a large open oblong square, from each angle of which
issues a street with much more regularity than is usual in country villages, and near the centre at the
upper end, stands an old stone cross, represented with the initial letter, elevated on four grades, the
basis seven feet six inches square, and near three feet high, the next step ten inches, and the upper
one eighteen, supporting an octagon shaft, about four feet in height, in which are perforations for
tenons to the transverse arms, long since destroyed. Its fabric is of hard sand or grit stone, similar
to that of which the church is built, and perhaps coeval with it. Tradition says that the dedication
of the church was to the Holy-Cross, and this erection being similar to many others set up by the
Knights Hospitallers in places belonging to their order, seems to support that notion, especially, as
the Village Feast is annually celebrated here in September, the period observed in the Romish
Church for keeping that Festival.
The family of Mallet, reputed founders of the Church, and great benefactors to the Preceptory of
that order at Hogshaw, were Lords of Quainton ; and it is quite as consistent, with probability,
that it might be designed to mark their possessions here, as in other places,^ as that it had any re-
lation to a market here, of which no authentic record has been discovered.
The only use to which it has been, during many years, appropriated, is at the celebration of the
annual Feast above mentioned ; and rarely (in the infancy of the progress of Methodism) for the
harangues of itinerant and fanatical preachers, chiefly of John Wesley's followers.
Near the Cross, is a farm-house (shewn also in the vignette initial) built, in 1723, as appears by that
date on a stone above the door (with the arms of Dormer quartering Collinridge, and an escutcheon
of pretence for Blake) by the Honourable Mr. Justice Dormer, and as tradition says, intended for one
of his daughters and co-heirs : now occupied by a tenant of those lands in Quainton, formerly pos-
sessed by the Dormers, but since severed, and in the hands of the Trelawny-Breretons, before mentioned.
About one furlong westward from this spot, on a causeway leading towards Lee and DoddershalJ,
is a boundary mark, to which it was an ancient custom for the officiating clergyman to go to meet
funeral processions from these hamlets, and thence conduct them to the parish church. This mark is
close to the verge of Geoffrey Breamer's Close, a portion of the estate, which in the reign of King
James L was reserved out of the lands then conveyed to the Wynwoods by Dame Mary Verney,
(1606) soon after which it was acquired by purchase, by the respectable yeomanry family of Hughes,
who likewise by indenture, dated 3 Nov. 1672, added to their possessions here, messuages and lands,
assigned by Francis Heath, Citizen and Haberdasher of London, to Peter Hughes, Yeoman. Several
branches of the same family subsequently resided here on their own freehold estates : one called
Hughes of the Vine, terminated in daughters, who died in celibacy at a vei-y advanced age in the last
century : another called Hughes at the Farm, had issue, of whom some remain in the female line, but
1 See Gent. Mag. vol. Ixxxvi. P. 2. p. 577 ; vol. Ixxxvii. P. 2. p. 9. Fosbroke's Encyclopd. p. 109.
VOL. I. 3 F
402
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
the principal stem, and by much the most affluent, have continued to remain on their lands, denomi-
nated of the Lane, or Hog, or Hoo, or Hough Lane, in the southern part of the village, and possess
considerable landed property here.
PEDIGREE OF HUGHES, of QUAINTON, BRADENHAM, &c.
Arg. fretty Gu. a Canton Erm. Hughes, of MkWetoti-Stoney, co. Oxon. Gu. on a bend between two demi-lions ramp. Arg. as many fleures-
de-lis Az. Hughes Arg. on a chevron cotised S. three Leopard's faces Or. Mynn n) Suffolk.
PETrn Hl-ghes, jun ^
[Quainton Regist.]
Peter Hughes, purchased lands in Quainton,=i
1652. (24 Car. 2.) I
Peter Hughes, called the elder, of the Vine. William Hughes, =^MAnY.
1682. Ch. Book of Quainton. ob. 13 Nov. 1633.
Mary, bapt,
Peter Hughes, of Quaint
aet. 55 ; bur. at Quainton.
i; ob. 27 April, 1736;=pANNE, dau. of .... Buswell, of Steeple-Barton, co. Ox
ob.20 June, 1756 ; a!t. 60 bur. at Quainton.
Peter
Hughes, ob.
20 Mar.
1798;
:Elizabeth, dau. of .. ..
Buswell, of Steeple-Bar-
ton, CO. Oxon. Ob. 27
Sept. 1769 a;t. 45; bur. at
Quainton.
.ToHN Hug
ob. 24 Ju
1787, an.
bur. at Qu
rlVlARY, dau. of John William Hughes of =
fellows, of Westcott, Broughton.Yeoman; ob.
ob. 3 Apl. 1776, a?t. at Aston-Clinton, 17
53; bur. at Quain- Dec. 1799; tet. 75, bur.
ton. at Bierton.
Anna, eld. dau. and co-h. Ann, mar. to Will,
of Edw. Eeles, Yeoman, Deverell, Farmer,
of Quainton ; ob. 23 Mar. of Quainton ; ob. 13
1793, bur. at Bierton. Feb. 1779; bur at
[Arms: Arg. 3 eels Az.] Quainton: leftissue.
I.Peter
Hughes,
ob. vita
pat. 17
Dec.
1787;
iElizadeth, dau. 2. John =
of John Lee, of Hughes
Quainton, mar. b. Sept.
2dly to James 1760,
Ball, of Aylesbury ob.
1798; left issue 1834.
surviving.
Ann, dau. of Jlr. Elizabeth, Elizabeth, William Hughes. of=
Kic. Minn, and only dau. mar. to John Magd. Hall, Oxon.
Martha his wife, ob. innupt. Cooper, ob. A. M. 23 Mar. 1786 ;
of Waddesdon; 1777, bur bur. at Rect. of Pitchcott and
mar. 4 Mar. 1790, at Quain- Quainton, of Bradenham, 1787,
ob. 1834, bur. at ton. leaving issue. 1798; ob. May, 1832;
Quainton. bur. at Bierton.
:FnANCEsVEnE, dau. of Ric.
Wykuham, A. M. Vicar of
Sulgrave, co. JVorthamp.
mar. 13 Oct. 1791.
[Pedigree of Wykeham,
p. 298.]
only son.posthum.
ob. inf. l)ur. at
(Juainton.
I i 1 Elizabeth, mar,
John Hughes, Will. Hughes. Clarke, of Quain
b.l8Apl.l796. b. 18 Apl. 1796 Dec. 1824, bur. i
viv.1837, coel. viv. 1837. coel. ton, having had :
Geo.
Maby, mar.
to Wm. Reeve,
of Quainton,
May, 1817.
Cha. Hughes,
A.B. of C.C.C.
Oxon. P. Curate
of Lacey-Green
Chapel, 1834.
Fiennes,
ob. 13
Aug.
1821,
a;t. 16.
Susan,
died
young.
1765;
bur. at
Bierton.
Lucy-Marv,
eld. dau. d. 27
Aug. 1814, St.
19, bur. at
Bradenham.
In the reign of Edward HL Quainton was assessed to the ninths at thirty-three marks, and 3s. id.
including hogs and the temporalities of Thame-.4bbey Lands. John le Rous, Richard Gladwyn,
Hugh Robynes, Simon Perkynes, William Williams, and William Suel, certifying tliat the beans and
peas were deficient in produce,' by reason of the dry summer, tithe-hay and other commodities of the
church not chargeable, so that the ninths of corn, wood, and lambs, did not exceed that sum, and there
were no inhabitants liable to the fifteenths. "
In 1598, this parish was assessed to the provision for the Queen's Household, at 1/. 4s. l^d. the pas-
tures 12/. 6s. 6^d. Doddershall, 61. 8^d. Lee, 10s 9f/.' and the pastures of Lee-Grange 21. 13s. lid.
Expences of the poor in Quainton, Denham and Doddershall in 1776, 252/. lis. in 1783,
331/. 15s. lOd. in 1785, 448/. 9s. 3d. in 1822, 831/. 12s. in 1826, 1748/. 12s. and progressively
and rapidly increasing. In 1821, the population was returned at 1017; but in 1831, at only 952,
comprising 452 males, and 500 females : about sixty having emigrated to foreign colonies in 1829
and 1830.
Quainton parish, with its hamlets, was included in the Aylesbury Lhiion, under the statute of
William IV.
An Association for the Security of Property, and for the Prosecution of Offenders against the Laws,
was established here ("including the parish of Quainton with Shipton-Lee, Hogshaw, Waddesdon,
' It is
(|ii;intitic:
2 remarked that in modern days tljc culture of peas is in this parish scarcely at all attended to, but large
beans are constantly produced upon all the clayey soils in this vicinity.
Nonar. Inquis. p. 338. 3 Rot. 42 Eliz.
DENHAM IN QUAINTON. 403
Westcott, Ham-Green, Upper-Winchendon, Wootton, Ashendon, Grendon-Underwood, Oving,
Pitchcott, Fleet-Marston, Quarrendon and East-Claydon) by subscription, 21 Oct. 1793, has been
continued until the present time, under regulations printed and generally circulated ; which is said
to have been productive of much benefit.
Friendly societies for the mutual assistance of members contributing thereto, by periodical payments,
have been also liberally encouraged ; one of them was instituted 1 June, 1812, and its rules confirmed
2 Aug. 1813, by the Justices of the Peace in Sessions assembled; according to the statute of
33 Geo. III.
DENHAM, DEANDON, DUNDON, DONINGTON, DUNNINGTON,
A hamlet n. e from Quainton township, seems to have obtained its name from a hill, by tradition
reputed to have been occupied by the Danes :' and in the vicinity are some indications of military
earth-works. Perhaps the erection of the church, marking the progress of civilization, as well as the
establishment of religion amongst the inhabitants, after the dispersion of the Pagan Danes, might have
given rise to the village tradition of ineffectual attempts to lay the foundation in the eastern part of
the hamlet, on ground still called Church-Hill, from which, (as the village story goes) the stones were
miraculously and repeatedly removed by some unseen power, {of course in the night) and carried to
the site of the present fabric, on which that edifice was therefore erected : but, without pressing the
authority of the legend whether the faint lines of entrenchment visible on Denham or Dundon-Hill
more northward, and considerably more elevated, be entitled to such high antiquity, or were in fact, a
work of the Knight's Hospitallers, whose Preceptory at Hogshaw, was not far distant, and must have
been entirely commanded by this work, so great changes have been effected by cultivation," that
nothing now remains satisfactorily to elucidate its remote condition, purpose, or history.
Many human bones, dug up here at various times, have not assisted the enquiry, for not the least
vestige has been found of arms, weapons, coins, or utensils, by which even conjecture on the subject
might have been aided.
It is certain, however, that the Hospitallers held lands in Doyndon as well as Quainton, at a very
early period ; and that Robert Mallet, who was Lord of Quainton, as well as Doyndon, recovered the
advowson of the parish church from those knights, and in 1249, passed a fine to confirm a previous
settlement made upon his daughter Milicent of lands here, with remainder to the heirs of William
Cerevoise by her, who seems to have been her second husband.^ John Mallet died, seised of Deandon
Manor, about 1287, but Quainton is not mentioned in the record.*
Although the name of the grantee of Denham to the Hospitallers be not exactly ascertained, he was
probably of the same Lombardic origin, as Henry de Cerruse or Cerevoise, who came into England
under the auspices of Pope Innocent the Third, when Augustine of Pisa, and the monks of Feschamp,
established the Order of Franciscans in this country. Richard Earl of Cornwall, king of the Romans,
and Queen Beatrix his wife, were eminent benefactors to the Grey-Friars at Oxford, and that prince
holding the seigniory or chief lordship of Quainton merged in his honour of Wallingford;^ the Mallets,
his subfeudatories, may with great probability, be conjectured to have followed the practice of those
times, by contributing to the religious houses founded by their chief. Whether the lands granted to
1 It has also been conjectured, that the name of Deandon was acquired in consequence of one of the ancient family of
Mallet (Sir Baldwin Mallet of Enmore, co. Somerset) having married a co-heiress of Sir Hamelyn de Deandon of Devon-
shire ; but it unfortunately happens, that the connexion between the different branches of the Mallets, is so imperfectly
preserved, that this derivation of the name, though probable, is not to be relied upon.
2 See Hogshaw, p. 264. s Page, 393. * Esc. 2 Ed. I. n". 19. 5Page21.
404 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Cerevoise by Mallet, were given in hopes of spiritual or temporal advantage, through gratitude or
affection, or in consequence of relationship, may perhaps now be difficult to determine, but it is
remarkable that Sir John Golafre, who in the reign of Richard the Second, held his estate in this parish
likewise, as one of the tenants under the honour of Walingford, specially directed his remains to be
buried in the same church of the Grey-Friars, in which the heart of the Earl of Cornwall had been
deposited.^
The mansion, (at the foot of the hill anciently called Dundon) built on the site of the original
manor, perhaps, by the Winwoods, and called Denham, was inhabited by Richard Winwood, Esq.
and by Anne his widow, was after her death partly demolished, and the remaining buildings, about
the beginning of the last century, converted into a farm-house. Part of the old lodge or gate-way,
where there seems to have been a drawbridge over the moat, which formerly enclosed the site, still
remains, and a park-like enclosure by a brick wall, extending to the summit of the hill northward,
includes a small grove of old walnut trees, (not at all common in this neighbourhood) under the name
of Cannoc (viilr/o Kane) wood, not far from the house. These premises, tenanted by a farmer, have
been of late, rather fantastically designated Denham-Court, a title not to be traced to better authority
perhaps, than the vanity of an occupier.
This hamlet which comprises four principal dairy farms," now the property of the Right Hon.
Lord Francis Godolphin-Osborne, Baron Godolphin, claims exemption from tithes under a modus of 8L
perann. paid to the Rector of Quainton.
DODERSHALL, DODDERSHALL, sometimes DODDERSAL,
was not separately surveyed after the Conquest, although part of the lands under a different name,
seem to have been included in the survey distinct from Quainton and Shipdon.
The first notice of Dodershall seems to be in the reign of King John, when the Cranford's possessed
this estate, and in 1205 (7 Joh.) an assize was held, to prove whether Robert de Blakerville, father
of Robert, died, seised in his demesne of a knight's fee here, and in Sutelehe, then in the tenure of
Roger de Cranford : and it was stated that Beatrix, mother of RogtT de Cranford, and her sister
Agnes, had passed a fine of those lands : that Robert de Blakerville, and the said Roger, were not of
the same lineage : that he was in the service of the king, beyond the seas, with his Lord VVilliam de
Breose, and only holds three hides part of six which, constitute a knight's fee, and that there were others
holding of the same tenure. He afterwards admitted, that he held a mediety of those lands of Richard
Fitz-Osbert and Agnes his wife, whom he called to warranty : and the other mediety of Walter de
Clifford, whom he likewise called.' Walter de Clifford, accordingly appeared, and pleaded that his sons
and knights were abroad in the king's service ; and petitioned that he might have peace, &c. where-
upon it was allowed by the Lord (Geoffrey de Langley) Justiciary, and the cause was adjourned
sine die.*
These Cranfords, who purchased of the Blakervilles and Fitz-Osbert, were of Norman extraction,
and probably among the mercenaries of King Henry H. and although there has been found no
positive proof of the fact, the early possession of lands here and in South-Lee by the Cliffords, seems
» Magn. Brit. vol. iv. p. 463.
• One of these fiirms, siluated on the verge of the north-eastern part of tlic townsliip of Quainton, has been, during more
than a century, in tlie occupation of a respectable yeomanry family of the name of Clarke, wliich occurs frequently in the
parochial and other documents : but whether derived from or related to the family of Clarke of Swepland, connected by
marriage with the noble families of Verney and Bray, mentioned in p. 397 among the possessors of this estate, is not ascertained.
^ Placit. Term. Pasc. 7 and 8 Joh. ro. 2 p. 50. ^ Ibid. ro. 11.
DODDERSHALL m QUAINTON. 405
to be confirmed by this record ; and additional corroboration afforded of the story of the Bower of
Rosamond Clifford, alluded to in the account of Kingsvvood/
In 1227, (12 Hen. III.) William Carbonell passed a fine of lands in Doddershall to Roger de
Cranford, who, at the time of the compilation of the Testa de Nevil, held half a knight's fee here,
under Walter de Clifford, of the fee of Buckingham".
Willis supposes that the Cranfords assumed, from their residence here, the name of Doddershall,
and this is supported by a Charter in the reign of Edward I. which granted to Richard de Staunford and
his heirs, the Manor of Doderishull, as the right of Walter Craneford, son and heir of Robert de
Doderishull.^
In 1301, also, Robert de Cranford was admitted to the lands of his late father in Oxfordshire.*
In 1307, messuages and lands in Dodereshull were passed by a fine between Alexander Michel and
Henry his son.^
Roger de Dodereshull died seised of this estate in 1324,*' and in 1343, Vigors de Dodereshull (in
the Escheat Rolls, termed felo) died seised often acres of land here.^
In 1397, Walter Craunford disputed with Bernard Brocas and others, the possession of the manor
and advowson of Quainton."
In 1429, a fine was passed of the manor of Doddershall, which Roger Poure or Peover granted to
William Cranford for life,^ and in 1479, Richard Cranford conveyed all his rights to John le Knight
and Robert Moore by whom, in or about 1503, this estate was passed to Thomas Pigot, Esq.
serjeant-at-law of Whaddon,^" and another fine was passed of lands here, between Ralph Verney and
Katherine his wife, by which the dispute respecting the advowson was termined, and all claims of
the representatives of the Missenden family, formerly Lords of Quainton and Denham, were relin-
quished. Mr. Serjeant Pigot's ancestors had migrated out of Yorkshire, where they had been estab-
lished soon after the Norman Conquest ; and in the contest between the houses of York and Lancaster
following Queen Margaret, had settled at Whaddon. The scrjeant was twice married, and Dodder-
shall descended to his issue by Elizabeth his second wife, to whom by his will, dated 25 Feb. 1519,
he had bequeathed this manor, inter alia, for life, (settled upon her at the time of her marriage) and
all his lands here ; with remainder to their son Thomas Pigot, and the heirs of his body."
This manor was held by Elizabeth Pigot (widow of the serjeant) who in 1548, by will directed her
interment at Whaddon ; Walter Pinfold, then vicar, being one of the witnesses ; her sons, Thomas
Pigot and Robert, executors; and Dr. Cox (afterwards Bishop of Ely)'" overseer.
Doddershall descended, agreeably to the accompanying pedigree, to Christopher Pigot, brother and
heir of Thomas, great grandson of the serjeant.
I See LuDGERSHALL, p. 313. • Test, de Nevil. p. 245.
3 Carta Walti Craneford fil. & liered. Robti de Doderishull facta Rico de Staunford tunc Clico sccarii & hered suis de
Manio de Doderishull. Item iii al. cart, facta inter ipsos tangens dictii manium & quasda. aiiuitates. indeexeun. Placit.
Abbrev. 14 Ed. I. ro. 22. p. 211.
* Rot. orig. 30 Ed. I. ro. 16. Abbrev. vol. i. p. 123. = Rot. Fin. 1 Ed. II.
6 Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. 7 Esc. 17 Ed. III. n". 24. Cal. vol. ii. p. 114.
8 Placit. 21 Ric. II. 9 Rot. Fin. 8 Hen. VI. w See Whaddon.
II See Missenden, and Pedigree of Missenden and Iwardby ; also, p. 395 ; and Esc. 12 Hen., VIII.
12 See Whaddon.
406
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
PEDIGREE OF PIGOT, of DODDERSHALL,
From an emblazoned Pedigree on Vellum, dated 1585, compiled under the direction of Sir Ed
in the possession of William Picorr, Esq. of Doddershall. Harleian MSS. in Mus. ]
Heraldic ^'isitation3, Monumental Inscriptions, Parochial Registers, and other Authentic Documents,
Hips, afterwards (B
Willis's, Cough's,
Arms : Party per fess and pale, in Chief, 1. S. three silver pick-axes, Pigot. 2. Arg. a hunter's horn stringed S. Forster. 3. Arg. three lucies haurient
within a border engrailed S. Gobioti. 4. Arg. a saltire engrailed S. on a Chief of the last, two mullets of the first. Imardbu. In base, 5, Or, a
cross engrailed S. cotised Gu. in dexter ch. a chough proper. Mussenden. 6. Az. a lion ramp. Yen. between 8 cross crosslets fitche Or. Braose.
7. Gu. fret. Arg. on a Chief. Erm. a lion passant of the first. Spigurnell On an escutcheon of pretence. Or, a chev. Gu. between in chief two roses
seeded proper ; in base a dolphin embrowed. Langsion. [As borne by Thomas Pigot, Esq. the elder, dated 1598, but in which are omitted the Arms of
Margaret G(|f'ard his Grandmother.] Crest: On a wreath, a greyhound couchant S. clawed Gu. collared Or, on his shoulder a mullet. Lane, with
quarterings, 1. Party per pale Az. and Gu. three sal tires Arg. 2. Arg. two bars Gu. within a border engrailed S. Pan-e. 3. Or, three water
bougets S. Ross. 4. Gu. three chevronels interlaced. Or, a chief of the last. 5. Paly of six Arg. and Az. on a bend Gu. three martlets Or. Grey of
Rutherfield, 6. Vaire, a fess Gu, Marniion,
Agnes, dau. and=
hr. of .... Fors-
ter, Esq. of Writ-
tie, CO. Essex ;
bur. at Whaddon.
Thomas Pigot, Esq. of Horwood and Whaddon, son;
of Robert, and grandson of Richard Pigot, younger
brother of Randolph Pigot, of Melmonby, co. 'iork)
Serjt.-at-Law, 2 Hen. 8; d. 25 Feb. 1519; bur. at
Whaddon. [Pedigree of Pigot, in Whaddon;
also, in IcKFORD, p. 278, and in Hohwood.
Elizabeth, eld. dau. and co-h. of John Euerby, or Iwardby, Esq. of
Quainton, relict of William Elmes, Esq. of Lilford. co. Xorthamp.
and the Middle-Temple, London, "whose issue by her went away
with their mother's inheritance." [Family Pedigree ; also Dods-
worth'sMSS.] Will dated 1548 ; bur. at Whaddon. [See Pedi-
GBEEof Golafre, Missenden, Frome, Spigurnell, Iwardby, and
Elmes, p. 394.]
William Francis Picot,
IsADLL, mar. to Anty.
Thomas Pigot,=
pIVATHERINE,
RoDERT Pigot.
Roger Pigot, of=
-...
Pigot, second son.
Catesby, Esq. of
Esq. of Dod-
dr. and hr.
ofHaraorCol-
Oving, of age in
dau
eld. son 4.
Whiston, CO. Nor-
dershall, 1520;
ofTho.Lang-
wich.
1520; devisee of
of
and heir Pights of Ed-
thampton.
Sher. of Bucks.
stone, Esq.
'K
lands in Oving,
^ LESBOROl.QH
Margaret, mar, to
1552, 1557.
of Abingdon,
Pigot,
N. Marston, and
Lee
Pigot, of and Bedford-
Hump. Ferrers, Esq.
CO. Berks.
of
Lit. Brickhill, d.
LiTTE- shire.
of Tamworth, co. Staf-
Waddesdon.
28 Oct. 1561.
llORWOOD.
ford.
[Esc. 7 Eliz.]
Mahgerv, mar. 1st to Tho. Cotton, ol
Lawne, co. Camb. 2dly to Sir Walt.
Henley,Knt.ofCranbrooke,co.Kent;
3dly. to Tho. Roberts, or Ruckherst,
of Glastonbury ; 4thly to . . Mardin.
Elizabeth, mar. to Tho. Vaux.
JoANE, mar. to Geo. Bulstrode, Esq.
ofHedgerley. [Ped. of Bulstrode.]
. Thomas Pigot,=
Esq.ofDodder-
shall; Sheriff
of Bucks 1570,
1592; called
" the elder,"
1.598; bur. at
Hogshaw, 1
May, 1606, at.
72. [Quainton
Marie, third dau. and
co-h. of Sir Ralph Lane,
Knt. of //t)gs/irtu). and of
Horton, co. Northamp.
by Maud, dau. of SirWm.
Pan'e, Knt. aft. Lord
Parre, uncle to Queen
Katherine, wife of King
Henry 8.
=f=Ji'DiTH, Barnard
dau.ofTho. Pigot,
Eston, Esq. Merchant
of Holme, in Lon-
ters only.
[Family
Pedigree.]
Robert
John Pigot,
" youngest
son, a Gent.
ofMartiall
Profession."
[Family
Pedigree.]
ALEs,bap.atStewkley, 16 ....=
Dec 1548; mar. [qu.?] to dau.
Hill, of . . CO. Glouc. of
Dorothy. ....
Elizabeth, mar. to John Nic-
Lloyd, D.C.L. holas
Anne, mar. to Will. Car-
penter, of Denshanger;
bur. at Passenham, co.
Northamp. 1611.
[Bridges's Hist. vol. i.p.307.]
DOROTHIE, ^
pTnoMAS =
URSrLA,=pSirCHRISTO-=
ilau.and co-
Pigot,
dau. of
eld. dau.
piiER Pigot,
ll. of Henry
Esq. of
Sir John
andco-h
Knt. of Dod-
Cotenham.
Dodder-
Allot,
ofValen.
dershall.
Esq. of ... .
shall.
Knt. Ld.
tine
M. P. for
CO. Norfolk.
called
Slayorof
Pigot,
Bucks. 1606
"the
London,
Esq. of
d. 24 Oct.
younger"
1590;
L,n.gh.
1613; s.p.
Sher. of
died
viv. bur. at
Bucks.
S.p.
Hogshaw,
1592.
26 Oct.
Thomas Pigot, 5th of
ELiz.mar
. ANNE,only Eliza.
that name in descent, "a
to Sir
youth of generous hope,
the heire of Doddershall."
Wm.Wa
- to John
ter, Kt. 0
f Tipping, March,
[Fam.lVdig.] bur. in
Wimble-
Esq. of of....
the chancel of Hogshaw,
don, CO.
Shabing- Camb.
3 0ct. 1602,, Tt. XIX.
Surrey.
ton. [Harl.
[Qunn.ton Regist.]
[Ped. of MSS.
TirriNC
.] 1533.]
=pDoROTHv.dau.
of Richard In-
goldsby, Esq.
Iiap. 12 July,
1582, at ....
mar. 28 May,
1602, at Buck-
ingham ; 2dly
to Simon Stuart
Esq. bur. 1643
at Buckingham
[Willis's
Buckingham,
p. 71, 72.]
Rich. Pigot, :
Esq. (youngest
son )of Dodder-
shall,died there
bur.at Grendon
between Jan.
1636 and JMar.
1638.
[Quainton
Regist.]
Jane, dau.
and co-h. of
Tho. Kebble
Esq. of
Newbottle,
eo.Nurtham.
by Dorothy,
dau. of Rob.
Pigot, Esq.
of Colioich,
in Waddes-
don ; bur. at
Quainton,
15 Sept.
1642.
[Par.
Regist.]
DoROTHiE, eld. dau. mar. to Tho.
Dacres, Esq. of Cheshunt, co.
Herts.
Frances, 2d dau. mar. 1st to Tho.
Neville, Esq. of Houlte, co.
Leicest. 2dly to Tho. Blount,
Esq. of Tittenhanger, co. Herts.
Elizabeth, .3d. dau. mar. to
" Edwai-de Phelipps, a reuerend
Counseller at the Law." [Fam.
Pedig. also, Hogshaw, p. 266.]
Marie, 4th dau. mar. to " Henry
Atkins, a graue Doct. of Phesicke
of Newport-Pagnail, Phisition in
ordy. to K. Ja'. and K.Cha'." bur.
at Cheshunt, co. Herts. 1623 ;
a:t. 56. [Clutterbuck's Herts.]
Anne, youngest dau. mar to ....
pFRANCIS =p....dau.ot
Pigot, of
Geof. Dor-
Oving,
mer.ofFar-
only s. 13
thinghoeco.
yrs.ofage
Northamp.
issue by
1562.
both his
[Bridges's
Nor-
L_^
thamp.]
^
' 1
WiUi divers other
daughters.
Sir RiciurdPigot, Knt. of Dod-
dershall, 1634; Patron of Grcnd.m
Rtct.lG61; bur. 4 Apl. 16H5, at
■.E, eld. dau. of Sir
v. Harrington, lit.
. at Quainton, 20
Quainton, 1 Feb. 1600 :
died I Sept. 1658."
[Quainton Regist.]
John Pi- Edw. IIeniiv Pigot, Rowland Pigot, DoROTiiv,eld. dau.
COT, bap. BIar- bap.21Aug. 1619; bur. 7 Nov. 1617 bur.20Feb.162B.
7 July, TIN. bur. 20 June, 1642 at Quainton. Mary, bur. 2 Apl.
1603. at Quainton. 1631.
RicrlAlinl'iooT, 1 sq. eld. S(
bap. at Quainton, 20 No
1634; bur.29 Dec. 1634.
[Monum. Inscript.]
Margery, bap. 5 Mar. 1632.
Elizabeth, bap. 18 Oct. 1636.
ANNE.bap.31 JMar. 1640.
Margery, bap. 17
Tho
Pigot, Esq. of Dod-
dershall, d. Mar.l704,aet.60,
being the last of the line of Pi
got of Whaddon, seated a
Doddersliull.
:Lettice, eld. dau. and co-h.
of Hob. Lovctt, Esq. of Lis-
corabe ; d. 18 Nov. 1736,
a:t. 04. [SouLBi'i.Y, and
Pedig. of Lovett.]
DODDERSHALL in QUAINTON. 407
Sir Christopher Pigot united by his first marriage the Horwood and Loughton branches of the
Pigots, and afterwards matched with the family of Ingoldsby ; was knighted by King James I. and
elected a knight of this shire, in the room of Sir Francis Goodwin,^ about the time of the Union with
Scotland. On the 13 Feb. 1606, in a debate respecting the reading of certain papers, "this knight,
with a loud voice, and not standing up with his hat off, as the order is, pressed to have them read
generally, in concurrence with other members : but the House, observing his mamier, for order's sake,
urged him to stand up. Upon which he arose, and after some previous remarks, entered into violent
invectives against the Scots. " Let us not," said he, "join murderers, thieves, and the roguish Scots,
with the well-deserving. They have not suffered above two kings to die in their beds these two
hundred years. Our King hath hardly escaped them. They have attempted him. Now he is come
from amongst them, let us free him from such attempts hereafter."
The House was so much amazed at this speech, that the members stood staring at one another ; but
took no other notice of it at that tfme. Three days afterwards the words spoken were particularly re-
cited, and a message from the King was delivered, who said that he "did much mislike the neglect of the
House in not interrupting the speaker in the instant'" and Sir Christopher was ordered into the custody
of the Serjeant-at-Arms. The knight attempted to explain the words, and exculpate himself from any
imputation of malice or disloyalty ; but the House disregarding his appeal, he was ordered to kneel
down, and Sir Edward Philips, the King's Serjeant, then Speaker," and brother-in-law of
Sir Christopher Pigot, said " That since his offence was so apparently heinous, the House did not
think fit that any particulars should be named, or to give a reason for their judgement: but iheiv order
was that he should be carried to the prison of the Tower, there to remain, during the pleasure of the
House : to be dismissed from his place of Knight of the Shire for Bucks, and a writ issued for a new
choice : and a warrant of commitment and a new writ were made out in due form.^
"Whereas Sir Chro. Piggott, Knt. one of the Knights for the County of Buck, returned into the Commons House of
Parliament, did upon Friday last, in the full and public hearins: of that assembly, enter into a bitter and scandalous in-
vective against the nation of the Scots and Scottishmen, tending to the dishonour of the said House : this day, upon a
grave and advised consultation touching the quality and punishment of his offence, and upon the convention and hearing
of the offender at the bar, it was ordered and adjudged by the House, that the said Sir Chro. should instantly be com-
mitted to the prison of the Tower, and delivered by the Serjeant of the House into your charge and custody, and there re-
main prisoner, during the pleasure of the House : and this shall be your sufficient warrant.
(Signed.) Edw. Philips,
" Directed To my very loving Friend, Sir William Waad, Knight, Speaker."
Lieutenant of the Tower of London."
" Resolved,
" Whereas, this day, upon advised consultation touching some offence committed by Sir Christopher Piggott, one of the
Knights of the Shire, returned into the ('ommons House of Parliament, for the County of Buck, against the dignity and
honour of the said House, the said Sir Christopher is by order discharged from his said place of Knight of the Shire : it is
alto ordered, that a new writ shall issue for the choice of another Knight of the Shire for that county, in the room and
place of the said Sir Chro. And this shall be your warrant,
" Edw. Philips,
" To my loving friend, Sir Geo. Coppin, Knight, Speaker."
Clerk of the Crown, in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery."*
After ten days' imprisonment. Sir Christopher complaining of ill health, occasioned by his confine-
ment, requested a friend to intercede for his release ; and a debate ensued upon the question of his
1 Notit. Parliament.
2 See page 267. ^ Commons' Journals Die Lunse 16 Feb. 1606 4 Jac. 1. * Common's Journals, vol. i. p. 336.
408 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
enlargement. On the 26 February, Capt. Martin Lister, a member, having stated that Sir Christopher
Pigot was " sick of a burning fever, and in danger of his hfe," moved the house to take pity on him,
to rest satisfied with his imprisonment and submission, and grant him his Uberty, producing also a
letter from Sir Christopher, as follows : —
" Good CosEN Lister,
" I wish unto you the continuance of that good which myself am deprived of: and my request unto you is this, that by
your voice, that Honourable Senate might out of hand be solicited in my behalf. Great weakness by reason of mine im-
prisonment, groweth upon my body ; if long it oppress me, there is no way but death. Mine enlargement would add
that contentment unto my heart, that may prove my best Physician. I hope you will not fail to do the part of a faithful
friend : as for that worthy assembly, I doubt not of their clemency in the commisseration of my dangerous estate, especially,
seeing it was always far removed from my thoughts to give the least occasion of offence to King or Commonwealth. Thus
I leave you to God ; who will, I trust, direct all their hearts to favour my cause.
" From the Tower, 16 February, 1606.
"Your very loving Cosen, and humble Penitentiary for my Delinquence,
Christofer Pygott."
" To my assured loving Cosen, Captain Martyn Lister, at his House
at Great St. Bartholomew's, by Smythfield.''^
Sir Christopher Pigot was accordingly liberated : but is presumed not to have again had a seat in
Parliament.
After his death, and the decease of his brother, Richard Pigot, this manor and estate came to Sir
Richard Pigot, Knt. son and heir of the latter ; and the said Sir Richard dying in 1685, and his lady
in 1688, Thomas Pigot, Esq. his nephew, succeeded to the inheritance. It may seem extraordinary
that the identity of this gentleman, who was a man of considerable fortune and importance, should be
a matter of doubt; but the fact is, that he is presumed, ratlier than known, to have been the son of
Thomas Pigot, brother of Sir Richard, and the Registers, as well as Church of Hogshaw, where some
of the branches of the family resided, having been entirely destroyed, it is not exactly ascertained
whether he derived Jiis descent from Sir Thomas Pigot, of Hogshaw, or from Thomas Pigot, of
Beachampton, who married one of the daughters of the house of Throckmorton. In either case, this
Thomas Pigot, who was a liberal benefactor to the parishes of Quainton and Grendon-Underwood,-
and married Lettice, daughter and co-heiress of Robert Lovett, Esq. of Liscombe, was the last of the
Whaddon branch of the Pigots, who held this estate. After his death, in 1704 (his children liaving
died in tlieir infancy), Lettice his widow held this manor in dower, which, at her decease, in 1735,
passed, with Grendon, in the manner described in the history of that parish,^ to John Pigott, Esq.
of Chetwynd, co. Salop, whose ancestry are mentioned in the genealogy of the family to which such
frequent references have been made, in the following terms :— " The other family of Pigot, that is
said to have benne of noble title about the Conqueror's time, florished in the weste part of the
Rcalme, namclie, in Wales, or the Marches thereof, for Humphrey Lloyd and Doct^ Powell, in their
Chronicle, assume that in the reign of King Henry 1", anno 1109, Cadogan ap Blethin, Lorde of
Powis, married the daughter of the L. Pigot of Saye, a nobleman of Normandie, and had divers
Townes and Lordships in that Countrie, by gifte of the sayde Pigot, and a Sonne also by his daughter,
named Henry, to whom the King gave x". of his Uncle Jerworth ap Blethin's raunsome, who was y'
saide king's prisoner. It is supposed from a branche of this Pigot are lineallie descended those
' Commons Journals, vol. i. p. 343.
"• See p. 261 ; and also an Account of the Charities in Qu/
DODDERSHALL in QUAINTON.
409
Pigotts which have manie adges since continued at Chetwin, in Shropshire, bearinge three Fuciells or
Milpecks, &c."'
John Pigott, Esq. of Doddershall and Grendon, was descended from Howell Pigot, Lord of "Wil-
laston, CO. Salop, by a Welsh heiress, whose family was of distinction in the reign of Henry HI. and
his maternal ancestors, from the blood royal of King Henry T.
PEDIGREE OF PIGOT or PIGOTT, of CHETWYND, CO. SALOP, and DODDERSHALL,
CO. BUCKS.
From an ancient 'N'eUuin Pedigree, in the possession of William Pigott, Esq. of Dodrlershall ; Cough's
MSS. in Bibl. Bodl.Oxon. ; Salop, No. 2, p. 393 ; Heraldic Visitations ; and Parochial Registers.
Arms: Ermine, three fusils or mill-pecks in fess S. Crest, a wolf's head erased Arg. Pigott of Chetwyn,
Sable, three pick-axes Arg. Pi^ot ofWhaddon, Doddershall, &c.
" Some of this family have borne the arms varied by a bordure engrailed." [Family Pedigree.]
Arms of Alliance. Arg. a cross fleure S. in a canton a . . . . head .... Vert. Two lioncels passant Or.
Party per fess Gu. and . fretty Az. a chevron between three mullets Or Gu. three Phsons Arg.
Gu. a Z. within a bordure Arg. Vert, two lions combatant Arg. Or. three piles Gu. in
a canton a mullet Arg. [Cough's MSS.]
«^.
, [Cough's MSS. Salop. No. 2, p.
1," of Willaston, co. Salop.
'.] called in another PedigTee,=^. . . . dau. and heir of
Pigot.
Lord of Willaston, temp. Hen
Lord of Willaston.:
, dau. and hr. of Cadogan Uee ap Eynlon, Lord of Brincopell.
Peter Picot, of Willaston.=pJoANE, dau. of Sir Fulke
[Rot.orig.llEd.l.Esc.14. I Fitz-Warine, Knt.o{ Ab-
Ed. 1. n». 13.] 1282. herhur^.
174
jciT, of Chetwine,
of Hugh." [Harl.
98.]
=f=AN.vE, dau. of Hugh Bew- Howel,
ley, or Bowdley. [Harl. Crifpin.
MSS. 1174.98.] J«HN.
John Pir.OT, of Willaston.=T=IsATiEi LA, dau. of John
[Esc. 22 Ed. l.n". 9.] ( Corbet,ofCaus,co.Salop.
£;;
=Ma
Peter Pigot, Sheriff of Notts, and Derby,:
I and 5 Edw. 2. [Esc. 7 Ed. 2. no. 19.
Rob. Orig. 7 Edw. 2. ro. 6.]
PcGOlT, of Chetwioe.=j=i>lAROAHl
[Omitted in Harl. MSS.1174. 98.] John Blount.
RoBEiiT BiGOD, " son of Wil- Elizabeth, =j=TnoMAS Pigott, =Acnes, dau.
liam,"4Ed. 1. [Cough's MSS. dau. of.... ofChetwine, "son of Rich.
- ■ " t.|a
. 293.1
Onley,Cent. | and heir.'
Crofts.
to John Corbet.
=mar. to Hugh Paunton.
Jane,
of Thomas Pontes-=RoBERT PicorT,=j=ELizAi!ETir,
V of Onley. Esq. ofChetwine. | of Will. Ga
dau.
Elizabeth, mar.toFet.Corbet,ofEdge-
mond, CO. Salop. [Harl. MSS. 1174.]
Thomas Pigott,
Esq. of Chetwine,
son and heir.
:DoiioTHY,dau.
of Tho. Eyton,
or Eaton.
PlCOPT,
Newpon
=MaRuARET,
dau. of
Rich. Ste-
3. CtonoE. = .. dau.
4. William, of John
5. Francis. Wedge.
6. Edwaiid.
mar. to Ceo. Smith, of Morville.
>R, mar. to Geo. Sanford.
mar. to Rob. Salter.
hike: unmarried.
in Harl.=j=CATHAni:
Walt. Le
1174. f. 98.]
5 PicoiT, [not in Hari. MSS. 1174. f. 98.]=j=.... dau. of Ralph Sneyd.
Francfs, eld. dau. of Will. Ward. Esq. of Willingsworth (by Anne, dau. & hr. of Tho
■ Humble Lord Ward, of liirmingham, by Frances Bai
Parker Esq. by Rebecca,=
heiress of the Bodleys) 3d son of Humble Lord Ward, of Birmingham, by Frances Baroness Dudley, sole dau. & hr.
of Sir Ferdinando Sutton, K. B. (son of Edw. Lord Dudley) by Honour Seymour, dau. of Edw. Lord Beauchamp,
Earl of Hertford, eld. son of Edw. Earl of Hertford (eld. son of the Lord Protector 1- dw. Duke of Somerset, by Catha-
rine, 2d dau. of Henry Grey Duke of Suffolk, by Fra. eld. dau. and co-h. of Cha. Brandon Duke of Suffolk, by Mary
Queen Dowager of France, youngest dau. of King Henry 7th (by Elizabeth dau. of King Edw. 4) and sister of King
Henry 8tli, and of Margaret Queen of Scotland.
Robert Pioott, Esq. of=
Chetwyn, co. Salop,
and
Its; I
Hunts;
Pigotts, of Hii>
and Camb.
John Picorr, Esq.cr. A. M. of Wad-.
ham-CoU.Oxon 15 Apl.1730, devisee
of Doddershall and Grendon manors
which he settled on his nephew Will.
Pigott; ob.24 Apl.l751,a:t.47,bur.
at Grendon-Underwood.
[CuENDON.p. 256.]
=Christobella, eld. dau. & co-h. of Sir W ill. Pico it,=
Tho. Tyrrell, bt. of Castlethvpe; mar. Rect. of Edg-
1st to John Knap,of Cumner co.Berks. mond.co.Salop
3dly, at H,llesdo,i,V3 Nov.l753,to Rich. & King'sSwin-
Fiennes, 6th Visct. Say &; Sele: ob. vidua ford, co. Staf-
23 July, 1798. bur. at Grendon. ford: d.l70ct.
[Ptmc. of Tyrrell & of Fiennes.] 1778.
:DoiiOTHY, 3d dau. of John Cotes, HoNOUR,mar.l731 toJno.Uai'-
Esq.of Woodcote.co.Staff.byLady vey.Esq.Sd sonofRob.Horvtv,
Dorothy Shirley, 6th dau. of Rob. Esq. of Stockton, co. Mar. who
Earl Ferrers, by Eliz. dau. & hr. of took the name of Thursby in
Laurence Washington.Esq.ofCars- 1734. at the death of Rich,
den, CO. Wilts: settlement dat. 9 Thursby, Esq. of Abington co
Feb. 1738 :d. 11 Mar. 1757. Northamp. d. 1781, bur. at
Northampton, a-t. 68.[p.410 ]
' From tlie original Pedigree, in the possession of William Pigott, Esq. of Doddershall,
VOL. I. 3 G
410
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
chiId,b.5JuIy,1735,
diedat Markel-st.co.
Herts, 27 Nov. 1747,
V. p. bur. at G rendon.
WiLLrAM PiooTT, Esq. of Colton, CO. Staff.=
of Brazenno.-Coll. Oxon. B.C.L. 28 Jan.
1706; Lord of the ManorofGrendoninlTSI ;
succeeded to Doddershall in 1789; Sheriff of
Bucks, 1792 : ob. 2 Mar. 1802 ; bur. at St.
[Gbe
, p. 260.] j\Iarj'-Ie-bone, Middlesex.
Esq.Adm.=j=
29Apl.l802;
Sophia, only dau. of Sir JamisP
Will. Wolseley, Bart, of of the Bh
Wolseley Hall, eo. Staff, of the Red, " ; ob.27
sis.ofSirWm. Wolseley, Sep. 1822, at Bedding-
6th Bart. ob. 1801 ; bur. ton, co. Surrey.
at St. Mary-le-bone.
William PinoTT,
Esq. of Doddershall,
b. 3 Oct. 1773;
Receiver-Gen. for
the County of Bucks,
1827.
Rect. of Mal-
low and Car-
ri^^and-Kahan,
in Ireland:
mar. 1794.
s=p Henry Jas. Noel Pictt, Son
PiGOTT, of Worcester-Coll. Louisa
died at Oxon A.M. 30 Apl. Emma,
Regt. 1 Oct. sea. 1812.Rect.ofGren-
juv. don-llnderwood, 22
July, 1808.
a-Anne: ob. inf. 1773;
CnAS.PicoiT.Esq.Capt.
77 Reg. eld. s<,n : d. 7
Sep. 1825, in Jamaica.
at St. Mary's, Salop.
. 5 May, 1792, to John Harvey-Thursby, Esq. of
Abington-Abbey, co. Northamp Sheriff of Northamp. 1803,
grandsn. of Jno. H.Thursby.Esq.by Honour Higott. [p.409.]
HARRjET-ShLiNA, mar. at Quainton, 14 Aug. 1824, to Henry
Baker, Esq Capt. R.N. d. at St. Helen's, Jersey, 10 Oct.
1825, aet, 39, s.p.
George Grfnvili e^Charlotte, dau of Edw. Long, Ksq. of \Vi
PiGOTT, Esq.( Id. son Hampton-Lodge, co. Surrey, mar. 26 Oct. ob.
and heir, M.P. for 1822: ob.20lMar 1823, a;t.21, at Tor-
St. Mawes, 1829, quay, co Devon: bur. at Exeter: ceno-
1831. taph in Quainton chancel.
Rev. JoHM Robert
PiG(.TT,ofh:man.-Coll.
Cam. A.M. Perpetual
Cur.ofNorth-I.Iarston,
1825.
Emma-Anne-Mahgarft, only dau. mar.
18 May, 1826, at Quainton, to Rev. Rob.
Wilson, A.M. Rector of Ashwelthorpe and
Wrenningham, co. Norfolk. Ob. 7 Feb.
1829, at Rome, s, p.
After the death of John Pigot, Esq. in 1751, Doddershall was held in jointure by his widow Chris-
tobella, eldest daughter and co-heiress of Sir Thomas Tyrrell, Bart, of Castlethorpe, relict of John
Knap, Esq. She was married, thirdly, to Richard, sixth Viscount Say and Sele.' His lordship was
the son of Richard Fiennes, A. M. Rector of Foxcote, by Penelope, daughter of George Chamberlaine,
Esq. of Wardington, co. Oxon, and grandson of the Hon. Richard Fiennes, fourth son of William
first Viscount Say and Sele. In 1742, being Fellow of New College, Oxford, he succeeded, on the
death of Laurence, fifth Viscount to that title and the family estate of Broughton-Castle, co. Oxon.
In 1743, was B.C.L. and 8 July, 1756, D.C.L. at Oxford; and died at Doddershall in 1781, the
title of Viscount Say and Sele then becoming extinct, the Barony having been, in 1781, before his death,
adjudged to belong to the family of Twisleton, descended from James Fiennes, second Viscount Say and
Sele. The Viscountess held this manor until her death, in May, 1789. The exact age of this lady is not
ascertained, but it was commonly reported and believed that she had passed her hundredth year ; and
rumours were formerly circulated that the register of her baptism at Castlethorpe had been purposely
mutilated to conceal a fact, which it was one of her foibles to hide from even her most intimate friends.
It is evident that some mutilation has been made in the book about the supposed period of her
birth ; but she had repeatedly declared that " she drew her native breath in London, and that there
she wished to breathe her last." She was in her youth celebrated for her beauty, and eminently dis-
tinguished by her wit and vivacity through life : her cheerfulness and pleasantry throwing many eccen-
tricities and failings into shade. She was the life of all social parties, and the delight of a numerous
circle of acquaintance ; the gayest among the gay ; fond of the company of the young, and so much
attached to the amusement of dancing, in which she greatly excelled, that she enjoyed that diversion,
with unabated spirit, to a very late period, dressed in the liveliest colours, and moving " on the light
fantastic toe," with elegance and grace, whilst many of her juniors were sinking into decrepitude.
It was, probably, after she had attained her ninetieth year, that, upon one of those occasions, she
gaily remarked that "she contrived to secure a good partner by an annual present of a side of venison
to a gentleman who danced remarkably well ; but that she began to think he seemed to like younger
ladies better, and believed she must increase her bribe to a whole buck, that she might not lose so
agreeable partner." She facetiously observed, " that she had chosen her first liusband for love, her
second for riches, and the third for honours ; and that she had now some thoughts of beginning again
in the same order."-
Pedigree of Fiennes. See also p. 298, 409 ; and Thornton.
From actual reminiscenses. See Gent. Mag. vol. lix. P. 2, p. 764.
lD)(Din)m)IEmg]5IAlLIL mow^
the Seal of William PigoU Esq'"
near Aylesbury.
DODDERSHALL in QUAINTON. 411
The more valuable traits of her character are preserved by her munificence and charities to the
poor ;' and if her benevolent intentions have been in part defeated by the chicanery of some, the
rapacity of others, or the supineness and want of generous philanthropy which ought to actuate all,
it will be a pleasing and consolatory reflection to the writer of this sentence, that he has not neglected
or forgotten the impulse of duty, of humanity, or of gratitude, but zealously endeavoured to give full
effect to her wishes.
Her ladyship was succeeded in the possession of Doddershall by William Pigott, Esq. of Colton, in
Staffordshire," at whose decease, in 1802, this estate and mansion descended to his eldest son and heir,
William Pigott, Esq. the present worthy and most respectable representative of this ancient and
distinguished family.
DODDERSHALL-HOUSE
Still displays part of the old timber and plaster building in the east front, of the time of Henry VHI.
The ancient house enclosed a court or quadrangle, with domestic offices, towards the north ; and in
the centre of the west front was a portal, with strongly latticed and studded doors, in one of which
was a small wicket, and on the roof a bell-turret and clock. The south front was erected
by Thomas Pigot, Esq. in 1689, as appears by that date on the leaden spouts. It had two
wings lower than the main building, and altogether extended to about 120 feet in length, but the
western wing was taken down about 1790, and other considerable alterations made, which have
left but little of the original style and appearance remaining : as endeavoured to be represented
in the accompanying plate. A terrace walk on the south was flanked at each end by a wall
covered with fruit trees, the parterre sloping from a bowling-green to the gates of the park between
small square fish-ponds, apparently a portion of an old moat, and terminating in an avenue of elms,
rectilinearly planted through the park. Close to and behind the mansion on the west, were many
very lofty and spreading elms, where the incessant cawing of rooks and screams of pea fowl afforded
almost the only interruption of solemn stillness and perpetual gloom. In this state the house re-
mained until the death of Viscountess Say and Sele, in 1789,^ when the estate which she had holden
in jointure about half a century, reverting to the family of Pigott, amongst other alterations, the
deer park was converted into arable and meadow, the keeper's lodge demolished, and, excepting the
north and east portions of the house, the whole modernized. The east front and part of the north
side had been hidden by a thick screen of yew and box, and scarcely admitted a gleam of light into
some of the apartments through narrow lozenge-shaped panes of the mullioned windows ; a low porch
and immense stacks of chimneys, projecting between the hall windows, have been permitted to remain :
and within, the capacious fire-places, massive furniture, and fjreat English Bible, in black letter, con-
spicuous in the old hall,* and rudely carved ornaments, some grotesque, some ludicrous, caryatides, and
corbels, preserve the recollection of former possessors; and the spacious cellars, ponderous keys, and
stately stair-case, are creditable to the hospitality of this ancient family.
On a sun-dial is the name of Lettice Pigot, of Doddershall, 1712 : but many old pictures have
been destroyed, and amongst the portraits remaining, few have names or dates attached. There is
one, however, assigned to Thomas Pigot, Esq. in 1616, who resided here in the time of King James.
1 Grendon-Underwood, p. 261 ; and Account of Parochial Charities in Quainton. - Page 256.
3 On a small pane of glass, in one of the windows of the apartment at the s. e. angle of the house (formerly the common
parlour, but since otherwise appropriated), was a complimentary copy of verses, written with a diamond by Pope, and
with his signature annexed, addressed to Viscountess Say and Sele, then Mrs. Pigott, when that eminent poet was a visitor
at Doddershall ; but the writer of this History, who perfectly well remembers having been shewn these lines at a very early
period of his life, by Lady Say and Sele, has not been able to discover whether they have been preserved.
* See Addison's Spectator.
412 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Here is also a portrait of Christobella Viscountess Say and Sele, daughter and co-heiress of Sir
Tho. Tyrrell, Bart, when very young, but denied by her ladyship to have been any likeness ; so that
it has sometimes passed as Queen Elizabeth, although the costume opposes that account of it.
A half-length of Dorothy, wife of the Rev. Will. Pigott, Rector of Edgmond, co. Salop, and
another of her son, the late
William Pigott, Esq. of Doddershall, in his academical habit as a Gentleman-Commoner of Oxford.
Sophia Pigott, his wife, daughter of Sir William Wolseley, Bart.
Mrs. Pigott, wife of William Pigott, Esq. of Doddershall, daughter of the Rev. William King,
of Mallow, in Ireland, and another of her mother, the late
Mrs. King.
SHIPTON-LEE and LEE-GRANGE.
SiBDONE, Shipdon, or Shipton, was so designated long before the adjunct Lee was imparted to it,
perhaps from its sheltered situation, under the Quainton-Hills. Is it fiinciful to suppose that the
sheep pastured here supplied its name ?
This hamlet adjoins Hogshaw, Edgcott, and Grendon ; is assessed to Quainton Church, but main-
tains its own poor ; appoints constables and surveyors of the highways for the hamlet only ; and
comprises seven or eight farms.
The soil is a very stiff, dark, blue clay, with a deep layer of vegetable earth, and various loams.
In 1598, Sipdone was assessed to the Queen's household at 10s. 9d. per ami. The Grange,
2/. 13s. \\U.
In 1776, the expences of the poor, 151. 17s. \\d. In 1783, amounted to 82L 9s. 8rf. In 1785, to
58L 15s. Of/. In 1822, were returned at 84/. Is. Qd. and in 1823, at 72/. 5s. 0(/.
The population, in 1831, about 104.
MANORIAL HISTORY.
SiPDONE was surveyed, in the time of the Conqueror, separately from Quainton, and in three
portions : one is still called Shipton-Lee, another the Grange, and the third, formerly, South-Lee, or
Sotherlie, has lost its distinct appellation.
The larger portion, called a manor, belonged to Henry de Feriers, with the adjoining Lordship of
Grendon.^ Here he held seven hides ; the land was sufficient for seven ploughs ; in the demesnes,
three hides and two ploughs ; and there might have been two more. Here were four villeins, with
one bordar, having two ploughs, and one more might have been kept ; one servant, pasture for one
team, altogether constantly rated at 60s. and in King Edward's time at 100s. Boding, King
Edward's Constable, held it."
Another portion was the land of William Peverell, held in his own hands as one hide, and half a
carucate cultivated by one villein : estimated at five shillings, and held in the time of King Edward,
by Alwin, a thane of tlie King.^
' See Grendon, p. 252.
- In Essedene Hvnd. In Sibdone ten' Henricus vii. hid'. Tra' e vii. car'. In d'nio. iii. hidse. et ibi sunt. n. cai'. et
aliee ii. poss. e'e'. Ibi. iin. uilli cu. i. bord. hnt. ii. car' iii<^'» pot' fieri. Ibi. i. seruus ptu. car'. Val, et ualuit lx. sol.
T. R. E'. c. sol. Hoc OD. tenuit Boding constabulari' T. R. E. [Lib. Censual. vol. i. fol. 151.]
' Terra Willi Peverel. In Essedene Hvnd. In Sibdone ten' Wills, i. hid'. Tra'. e dim', car', et ibi e. cQ uno tiillo.
Val et ualuit. v. sol. Hanc tra tenuit Aluuin' teign' R. E. [Ibid, fol. 148.]
SHIPTON-LEE in QUAINTON. 413
The remainder of Sibdone belonged to Alse, who held two hides of the King ; land for one plough,
half of it tilled, the remainder capable of cultivation ; pasture for one team ; always rated at lOs. In
the time of King Edward, at 20*. : and this land Alse held in right of his wife.^
As the contiguous manors of Grendon and Sibton were united under one lord in the Saxon times,
so, after the Conquest, they were both transferred to the same Norman possessor, and remained in the
family of Ferrers during several generations ;" and although the time of their alienation is not ascer-
tained, it appears by an Inspeximus, dated 10 Feb. 11 Hen. III. confirming to Thame-Abbey a
Charter of King Henry II. that Sibton was one of the earliest donations bestowed upon that house :
seven hides here, given by William Fitz-Otho,^ agreeing with the extent of the lands of the Ferrerses,
described in the Survey, almost amounting to a proof of their identity.* In the reign of John, the
family of Fitz-Otho were subfeudatories to the Ferrerses,^ whose lands being foi'feited, divers portions were
shared amongst their fiefs, and the latter might probably attempt to secure permanent possession, by
appropriating part of them to ecclesiastical foundations, revered by their former lords. To the lands
so granted to Thame-Abbey by Fitz-Otho, others were afterwards added.'' In 1254, a fine was
passed respecting a meadow in Shipdon, between Roger (Marcham) Abbat of Thame and Friar Elias
de Smethton, Prior of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, in England : for the mutual accom-
modation of their respective tenants, as described in the parochial history of Hogshaw.'
Amongst the Temporalities of Thame-Abbey, in 1291, " Lands, rents, a mill" and court," are de-
scribed in Schipdon and Le Leye, at Ql. 17s. lid. per ami. pittances'-' to the Convent, 24s. products of
wool, sheep, &c. 4? 3s. Od. altogether 12/. 4s. llfZ.^" These temporalities were included in the assess-
ment of the ninths payable from Quainton in the 15th of Edw. III."
In 1314, John, Abbat of Thame, impleaded many inhabitants of Quainton for depasturing upon his
grass in Twiselmedue in Ch'ddon : and the defendants pleaded that Twiselmedue was in Quainton,
not in ChUton ; which seems a strange account, Chilton being six miles distant ; if it had not been a
clerical error in writing Chilton for /Shij^Jton (for no such name is discovered as Twisel-meadow in or
near Chilton) but a rivulet deriving its source from Quainton Hill, and running between that township
and the hamlet of Lee is still called Twisle-brook.^-
In 1365, the Abbat of Thame obtained a grant of Free Warren in Shipdon." During the Abbacy
of Laurence (between 1223 and 1231) the original endowment of the Abbey was confirmed by
Henry III. and the lands in Shipdon included.
In 1390, John Beck, a felon, was found to have died seised of the manor of Shibdon-Grange, with
lands and tenements in Lee." In the list of the Abbats of Thame, so unusual an interval occurs
between Richard de Wath, in 1361, and John Blackthorne, who died in 1457, as to render it
1 Terra Alsi. In Sibdone ten. Alsi, ii. hid', de Rege. Tra. e. 1. car.' Ibi e. dim. car. et dim. pot' fieri. Ptu. 1. car.'
Val et ualuit.. x. sol. T. R. E. xx. sol. et hanc tra Supsit cu. uxore sua. [Lib. Cens. vol. i. fol. 153.]
2 Grendon Underwood » Monast. Anglic, vol. v. p. 404. * Rot. Cart. ii. Hen. 3. n". 26, p. 37.
5 Placit. 4 Job. Abbrev. ro. 11.6 Rot. Fin. 16 Hen. 3. ro. 13. t Ibid. 39 Hen. 3. n°. 250. See also Hogshaw, p, 264.
8 This was a wind-mill, and the site may be traced on a bank still remaining in the s. e. part of the hamlet, near
Fldler's Field : a pasture in Doddershall, deriving its name, according to tradition, (like that of an adjacent pasture of large
extent,) from having been anciently appropriated to the maintenance of musicians, the Fidler and Harper, belonging to
the Lord's Household.
9 Small portions of meat or provisions, ready dressed, distributed on stated occasions.
10 Monast. Anglic, vol. v. p. 484, n. n Nonar. Inquis. 15 Ed. 3.
12 Abbas de Thame implitat plurimos de Quenton, p. depastione herbe sue, &c. apud Childon in quoda. loco qui
vocatur Twiselmedue. Ipsi diciit qd'. locus ille est in Quenton & non in Childon & qd'. ibide clam, habere coaiu. &c.
[Placit. 8 Ed. 2. term. Pasc. ro. 19. Abbrev. p. 320.]
" Gal. Rot. Cart. 39, 40 Ed. 3. p. 185, " Esc. 14 Rec. 2. n°. 66. 98. Cal. vol. iii. p. 128, 129.
414 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
i)robable that Beek had intermediately become possessed of this estate, but in what manner is
unknown, whetlier as Abbat, by usurpation during war, or by grant from the Crown, under
^sequestration.
The lands of Thame- Abbey here are tithe-free: the demesnes of the Cistercians, Premonstratensians,
Hospitallers, and Templars, whose houses were founded before the Council of Lateran, in 1215, being
discharged by the authority of that Council from such payment, and also all the lands of the Cistercians
and Premonstratensians, (hough of Idler foundation, if above the value of 200/. per ann, and not
dissolved with the smaller priories by the Statute of 27 Hen. VHI.
This manor was held by the Abbats of Thame, until Robert King, with sixteen monks, surrendered
that house, 16 Nov. 1537, to the Visitors; and Oseney-Abbey the next day : and in September, 1542,
was made Bishop of Oxford. He had been a Cistercian monk at Rewley or North-Oseney, of the
foundation of Richard, Earl of Cornwall : was chosen Abbat of Bruerne, and thence translated to
Thame. Distinguished by his learning and piety, he was first made Bishop of Rouen or Reon, in the
Province of Athens, was also Suffragan to the Bishop of Lincoln, Prebendary of Crackpole St. Mary,
in 1535, and 28 Nov, 1537, of Biggleswade, in Lincoln Cathedral ; was translated from Oseney to
Christ Church with the See of Oxford, but at the accession of King Edw. VL Gloucester College,
which had been the Episcopal Palace, not being included in the new endowment of the Bishoprick,
Thame became his residence, which probably caused Fox in his Martyrology, to call him Bishop of
Thame.'
He was of the family of King, of Wormenhall," and is reported to have improperly diminished the re-
venues of the See of Oxford, by granting long leases.^ Perhaps it may be thought not very charitable to
add, that by anindenture dated28Sept. 1534, (26Hen. VHL) the Abbat andConvent of Thame, granted
to Peter Dormer, Esq. and Agnes his wife, thirteen tenements cum pert, in Shipton-Lee (formerly
demised to Christopher Carew, Gent.) Cow-wyke-Close, Horse-leas, and a meadow with certain Butts
near the tenement of William Smewens or Smewney, with two roods near Freer's Wood,* late in the
occupation of Henry Cowper^ for ninety-nine years at 8/. 8s. 2d. per ann.
THE GRANGE,
or fiirm of the Abbat, was a country retirement until the dissolution of monasteries, when the de-
mesnes, comprising twenty-six acres in " Lee whome Grange," with three closes adjacent, valued at
26s. and " IVLnster Peter Dormer's rent of 8/. for a farm, and 71. 16s. lOd. for tenements," were
amongst the possessions of Thame-Abbey."
In 1558, King Philip and Queen Mary granted to Thomas White, John White, Roger Marten,
and William Blackwell, lands in Shipton-Lee, parcel of the Monastery of Thame, afterwards of the
Bisho]) of Oxford's lands, and then in the Crown by resignation."
In 1576, Queen l^lizabeth by patent, reciting- the demise by the Abbat and Convent to Peter and
' The Prebendal House, a little west of Thame Church, by some conjectured part of the Abbey, and certainly the resi-
dence of this Bishop, still retains many indications of architectural elegance. [See Skelton's Illustrations of Oxfordshire.]
- Wormenhall. ' Willis's Hist, of Cathedrals, vol. ii. p. 241.
■* Now, and probably always, called Briers' Wood ; but from the carelessness, or perhaps ignorance of transcribers, as
iu innumerable other instances, transformed from the intended word,
s Agnes Dormer was of the family of Cowper. See family PEDioiirr., p. 415.
o Monast. Anglic, vol. v. p. 405, 406. Val. Eccles. temp. Hen. VIH. vol. ii. p. 214.
T Rot. Pat. 5 and 6, Phil, and Mar.
LEE-GRANGE in QUAINTON.
Agnes Dormer, granted the same estates to John Duddeley and John Ayscough, Esq. their heirs and
assigns for ever, in soccage, at the rents of 40s. and 8/. 8s. 2d. per ann.^ in exchange for other lands
conveyed to the Queen by Henry Lord Cheyne ; and in 1609, King James L in consideration of a
payment by Sir Baptist Hicks, &c. granted to George Salter and John Williams and their heirs, the
Manor of Shipdon, alias Shipdon-Lee, parcel of the late Monastery of Thame." This was probably in
trust for, or for the purpose of being afterwards conveyed to, the Dormers, the manor and estate having
descended agreeably to the following Pedigree.
PEDIGREE OF DORMER, of LEE-GRANGE and QUAINTON.
Irms: Az. ten billets 4, 3, 2, 1, Or, on a chief of the last a demi-lion ramp. S. Dormeb. Crest, On a wreath a falcon rising. Gu. between three chubs on i
chevron, Arg. three martlets, on a chief indented Arg. three escalops Gu. Dorre alias Chobhs. At. three fleurs-de-lis Arg. Collingridge. Az. flaunches pei
fess Or. a lion ramp. S. in base Cheque Az. and Or counterchanged. Arundeli. Arg. three martlets Gu. on a chief invected Gu. three annulets Or
Compel-. Arg. three wolves passant in pale S. Lovett. Party per pale nebule of four pieces Az. and Or six martlets 2, 2, 2, counterchanged. Fleetwood
Gu. a fess wavy Arg. in chief three piles wavy issuant from the top of the shield. Isham. Arg. 2 lions passant gard. in pale Gu. Lvgon, whose quar-
terings were Braci, Madersfield, Harefteet, Dacrcs, Giffard, Beauchamp, D'Abitot, Uffieet, Furnival, Lovetot, Verdun, Creoille, Ark, and Southey.
Monument in Cheltenham Church and Rudder's Gloucestershire, p. 387.]
Agnes, dau. of Tho.
Cowper,
[Rot. Fin.
of Quain- Wucombe, and of Boldhigt.m,
'.. by Ursula, dau. and heir of E
"in.] I I April, 1555, bur. at Newbi
MER, Esq. of
Shipton-Lee,
1542.
=Peter DoHMER, Esq. of Lee-Grange, 4th son of Geoflfrey Dormer, Esq. of W'es«-=
"""■'■■'"' " . and Newbottle, CO. Northampton,
Bartholomew or Brian Collingridge, of Towersey ; died
vbottle. [Hist, of Northamptonshire.]
ANNE.^mar. to Rob. Palmer.
jAKE.^mar. to .... Meering.
ANNE.=mar. to Edw. Osbaldeston.
ELLEN.=mar. to Sir Step. Crispe.
DoR-=r=B'aDCET, dau. of Tho Lovett,
of Astwell, CO. Northampt.
mar. 2dly to John Hawtrey,
Esq. of Chequers.
John DoR-=pAcNE
.MER, Esq. of I
OIney. viv.
1542.
Elizabeth, mar. to
Edw. Hawtrey, Esq.
of Chequers.
Katherine, dau. and sole
hr. mar, to Will. Holte, of
Stoke-Line, co. Oxon.
:Anne or Amey, dau. of Richard Crispe, of
Cobcott; mar. 2dly to Francis Ingoldsby.
Esq. of Lenborough; d. 1582.
[Pedigree of I NGOLDSiiY.]
Pfter Dormer, succeeded=^MARGAiiEi,
his half-brother Gabriel, at I dau. of Tho.
Lee-Grange; d. 1583, bur. Fleetwood,Esq
atSt.iMary-at-Hill, London. | of the Vache,
1 Chalfont.
Sir Fleetwood Dormer, Knt. of=i=I\LARY, 3d dau. of Sir Euseby Isham, Knt. of
Shipton-Lee and Lee-Grange, d. 1 I Pytchley, co Northamp. bap.241May, 1584:
Feb.l638-9,a;t.68,bur.alQuainton. mar. 1st. to Edw. Reade, Esq. of Cottes-
( brook, CO. Northamp.
John
DORMEI
Esq. of
Lee-
Grange,
eld. son
bap.eja
INE, dau.
and hr. ol
Thomas
Wood-
ward, Ksq.
of Ripple,
CO. Wore.
Quamtor
23 Aug.
Catha-
ii!vE,dau.
and co-h.
of John
Lygon,
Esq. of
Arie-
Court, CO.
Glouc.
d. 3 Feb.
1678,bur.
at Chel-
tenham.
=SiR Fleet- =Mary Pete
WOOD Dor- Har- Do.u
MER, Knt. Ris. 2d so
bap.atQuain- bap. i
21 ilay,
lbl6; of
Arle-Court,
CO. Glouc.
and Virginia
N.A. d. 27
Aug. 1696,
s. p. bur.
16 Sept. at
Quainton.
Q,
7 May,
1614; of
Magd.-
Hall,
Oxon.
=j=Anxe,
eld. dau.
and co-h.
of Edw.
Shepherd,
Rollright,
CO. O.xon.
EUSF.BY
Dormer
bap. 14
May,
1618.
Gabriel
Dormer
bap. 30
Mar,
1623.
eld. da
. bur
JIary, bap. 13 Jan. 1610; ma
Shepherd, of Rollright, co. Ox.
Dorothy, bap. 28 Mar. 1613;
28 Sept. 1637, at Quainton.
Anne, bap. 17 Apl. 1614; d.
Quainton.
Margaret, bap. 23 May. 1617.
El iZABETH. bap. 15 Aug. 1619.
JoiCE, bap. 10 June, bur. 13 Oct,
EiizABiTH, bap. 9 May. 1630.
Anse, bap. 4 Mar. 1631.
Quainton, 26 Jan. 1613.
Quainton, 5 Mar. 1610, aged lyr.4 i
, 12 Dec. 1632, to Will,
nar. to Francis Austrey,
Sir John =
Dormer.
Kt. and Bar.
23 July,
(15 Car. 2.)
of Lee-
Grange ; d.
at Leghorn,
in Italy, v.p.
7 Nov. bur.
23Feb 1675
Quainton.
:SusAvNs Hon. RoDT. Dormer,
dau. and bap. 30 May. 1650, at
co-h. of Sir Quainton ; M. P.
Ric.Brawne for co. Bucks, 1701;
Kt. of Alscot fof Northallerton,
CO. Glouc. 1702 ; Jusl. of Com.
d. 24 Feb. pi.i706: ob.l8Sep.
1672-3, at 1726, bur. at Quain-
Richmond, (p^_
CO. Surrey,
24 Feb. bur.
13 Mar. at
Quainton.
=Mai.y,
dau. and
co-h. of
Sir Rich.
Blake,
Kt. d. 15
March,
1728; bur.
21 at
Quainton.
Fleet-
Dormer,
Apl'.
1657-8.
of Brougli-
Catharine, bap. 7
Sept, 1648; mar.
1667, to John
Parkhurst, Esq. of
Catesby, co. Nor-
thampt. d. 11 Apl.
1730, St. 82.
Avne, bap. 11 July,
1651; bur. 25
Sept. 16.52, at
Quainton.
Gabriel
Dormer,
bap. 24
Feb. 1640,
bur. in St.
Mary's
Church,
Shrews-
vol. ii.
p. 443.]
.NNE, bap. 3 July, 1639.
Iarv. bap. 8 Feb, 1641.
ii-iZABEin.^mar. to Tho.
Dawes, S.T. B. Rect. of
St. Mary, Shrewsbury.
d. 20 June, 1729, aM. 86,
bur. at Shrewsbury.
Will. Susanna,
Dormer, Kt.
bap. 24
ob. vit^
& 2d Bart.
Sept.
Patris.
bap. 28
1668,
bur. 8
Sept. 1669:
at
Jan.
ob. coelebs.
Quain-
1666.
bur. 17 Mar.
ton.
1725, at
Catha-
Quainton.
Quainton.
rine.
1 Rot
Pat. 18 Eliz. Test. 30 J
Dormer, Esq.
ob. vita Pat.
1726. coelebs.
St. 30 bur. 12
July, at
Quainton.
Mary, d. unmarried.
Catharine, of Arle-Court, co. Gloucester, d. 1767 ; bur. at Cheltenham.
Anna-Letitia, d. 16 June, 1706, St. 18 mo. bur. at Quainton, 18 June.
EiizABETH, b. 5 -^ept. 1691 ; mar. 29 Dec. 1721, to the Hen. Sir John Fonescue-
Aland, Kt. Just, of Com. Pleas, afterwards Lord Fortescue.
RiCARDA, youngest dau. mar, to John Parkhurst, Esq. of Catesby, co. Northampt.
(grandson of John Parkhurst, Esq. by Catherine sister of the Hon. Mr. Justice
Dormer) d. at Epsom, co. Surrey, 2 Mar. 1770, a;t. 72, viduii ; bur. at Catesby,
CO. Northampt.
« Rot. Pat. 7. Jac. 1. Test. 22 May.
416 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Lee Grange and the Manor, at the death of Sir William Dormer, Knt. and Bart, without issue in
1725, reverted to his uncle, the Honble. Mr. Justice Dormer, whose only son dying in his lifetime, the
inheritance of his four daughters is said to have been purchased by Sir John Fortescue-Aland, Knt.
one of the Justices of the Common-Pleas, who married Elizabeth, the third of those co-heiresses ; and
in 1726, a fine was levied to confirm his title to the whole estate : but a claim being set up by a male
descendant from another branch of the Dormer family, in 1732, a bill was filed in Chancery and a
decree was pronounced 13 April, 1735, and judgment given for the defendant, which was afterwards
affirmed on an appeal to the House of Lords ; but upon a new trial in 1738, the former judgment was
reversed and then given for the plaintiflF; and finally in the King's Bench in 1740,' whereby John
Dormer, Esq. recovered possession against the defendant. Whether this John Dormer derived his
descent from Gabriel, Fleetwood, or Euseby Dormer, whose names are inserted in the Pedigree, has
not been ascertained, and seems to admit of much doubt, but he died at Lee-Grange, 22 Aug. 1747,
as did also Elizabeth, his widow, in 1763 ; and their son, Robert Dormer, Esq. who succeeded to
their estates, conveyed Shipton-Lce and the Grange, by deed dated 7 August, 1764, to John
Calcraft, Esq. but survived until 1791, being then interred in the family vault at Quainton."
Mr. Calcraft is reputed to have been a native of Grantham in Lincolnshire, was M.P. for Wendover
in 1754, and in 1759, paymaster to the three regiments of invalids, and agent and solicitor to the
Independent Companies raised for the service of government.^ His name is introduced by Charles
Churchill in his poem called the Conference, in a complimentary manner, and he was noted for his
gallantries and an unfortunate connection with the celebrated George-Anne Bellamy, whose indis-
cretions and extravagance, together with the violence of her temper, have been too much blazoned in
that extraordinary piece of autobiography termed An Apology for her Life.
Mr. Calcraft was also M.P. for Rochester, and dying in 1772, devised this estate to John
Calcraft, Esq. his son (afterwards M.P. for Wareham, co. Dorset, and Clerk of the Ordnance) who
married 5 March, 1790, Elizabeth, third daughter of Sir Thomas Pym Hales, fourth Bart, of
Beaksbourne, co. Kent, by Mary, daughter and heiress of Gervas Heywood, Esq. and relict of George
Coussmaker, Esq. but had by deed dated 21 July, 1789, conveyed this manor and estate to Thomas
Quintin, Esq. of Hatley-St. George, co. Beds, who in 1795, was High Sheriff of the counties of
Huntingdon and Cambridge, and died in Feb. 1808, aged 75 years; being succeeded by his only son
and heir (by his first wife, the daughter of Captain Whitby, of ) — .
John Whitby Quintin, Esq. of Barrow-Hedges, Carshalton, Surrey, who held the estate till his
death, 7 Sept. 1833,* a?t. 80, in Baker Street, Portman Square, St. Mary-le-bonne, when his Buck-
inghamshire possessions descended to his only son and heir, Thomas Quintin, Esq. who is the present
possessor.
THE GRANGE HOUSE,
of the Abbats of Thame, afterwards the residence of the Dormers, was demolished by John Dormer, Esq.
about 1740, and no plan or representation of the building has been discovered. When it was taken
down, a lam-e sum of money in gold, (supposed to have been secreted in a cavity in one of the beams
in the time of the civil war) was found by a carpenter, and cunningly kept from the knowledge of the
' From an entiv in a pocket-book of Judge Fortescue, in his own autograph. " Par. Regist.
' In 1770 he had a grant of arms. Party per fess Arg. and Erm. three lioncels passant gardant in pale S. witliin a
.ordure wavy Az. [Edmondson's Heraldry,' vol. ii. Appendix : and Hasted's Kent, vol. v. p. 497, 498.]
> Will proved Sept. 1833, by Jane Quint"in, only daughter and sole executrix of the testator, at London, in Cur. Prerog.
LEE-GRANGE in QUAINTON. 417
rest of the workmen, but at length, from time to time was displayed, and acknowledged by the
fortunate finder to have been part of the treasure. He died many years afterwards in affluent cir-
cumstances, but could never be prevailed upon to mention the sum which had thus fallen into his
hands, although he acknowledged that it had laid the foundation for his subsequent acquisition of
wealth.
On the site of the old mansion, Mr. Calcraft, soon after he came into possession of the estate,
erected a neat modern house, which was occupied by his steward. The garden-walls, a very
large granary, barn, and dove-house, (the latter said to have been formerly a chapel) were left of the
original buildings: and a paddock called ihe tvarren, in which are some few evergreen oaks, and other
indications of decorative planting still remaining, contained a range of fish-ponds, coeval with the time
of the Abbats of Thame, of about three acres in extent, (one of them an octagon, since drained) and
along the ridge of a hill, nearly contiguous, towards the north-east, is a screen or avenue of trees,
which appears to have been planted in a direct line from the front of the old house, and is a
very pleasing object in perspective from the Vale of Aylesbury, on which it borders.
It has been conjectured that Richardson, when he wrote one of the early novels, (Clarissa Harlow)
had the scenery of this place and the neighbourhood in his mind, or perhaps view, and some of his ac-
quaintances and connections, certainly resided in the vicinity, which may give some colour to that
notion.
GREAT AND LITTLE LEE-WOODS.
An estate comprising about 180 acres in Shipton-Lee, supposed, from its contiguity to that part of
Hogshaw, which anciently belonged to the Lanes and Pigots,' to have been transferred (about the
same time when the Saunderses of Fleet-Marston acquired their lands there,) to the Lee's of Quarendon,
and to have descended with their other estates,^ to Charles Dillon Lee, twelfth Viscount Dillon, of
whom it was purchased about 1789, by James Neale, formerly a draper, William Ball, a carpenter,
and Thomas Berry, all of Aylesbury, and by them assarted and converted into arable and meadow,
and again sold, in 1826, by Lewis, brother-in-law of James Neale (who had purchased the
shares of Ball and Berry) to James Haighton, Esq. of co. Leicester, who is the present
possessor.
SOUTH-LEE.
A portion of land contiguous to Shipton-Lee, is supposed to be described in the Domesday Survey,
under the name of Sortelai, and many circumstances render it probable that the same land, under
nearly a similar name, is depicted in a very ancient map still extant.
Li Sortelai, in Esseden Hundred, says the record, two men held, of Milo Crispin, one
hide. The land is for one plough, and one is kept, with one villein and one bordar : pasture for one
team, woods for thirty hogs : always valued at 10*. This land two Thanes, the men of Brictric held,
and might sell it.^
It appears that Ulfric and Coleman, two tenants of Brictric, a Saxon, held lands in Aston-Bernard,
near Dinton : and Brictric himself, held Waddesdon, adjacent both to the lands described in Sortelai,
1 See page 267. " FLEET-MAnsxoN and Quarendon.
3 Terra Milonis Crispin. In Esseden Hd. In Sortelai ten' ii hoes de Milone. 1. hid. Tra. e. i. car' et ibi. e cu. uno
uillo et I. bord'. ptu. i. car'. Silua. xxx. pore'. Val. et ualuit sep. x. sol. Hanc, tram tenuef. ii. teigni hoes Brictric
et uende potuef. [Lib. Censual. vol. i. f. 150.]
VOL. I. 3 H
418 ASHENDON HUNDRED
and to Bichendon, part of which was in the hands of one of his subfeudatories : but whether Ulfric
and Coleman were those two who held Sortelai, is little better than conjecture.
Another estate, also anciently described in Sortelai, was held by Alsi or Alse as a manor of four
hides. The land was for six ploughs. In the demesne two hides : and there were two ploughs, and
five villeins with four bordars who had three ploughs. Here were two servants, pasture for two teams,
woods for four hundred hogs : altogether worth three pounds. Woolward or Wlnuard, a man of Queen
Edith held it, in the time of King Edward, and the Queen gave it to Alse, with the daughter of
Wlnuard,^ no doubt, with his estate in Shipton-Lee adjacent.
This land which Queen Edith so bestowed upon one of her court ladies at her marriage with Alse,
seems to have been afterwards designated by the name of the Queen's Woods, and certainly no longer
forms any part of Lee or Doddershall, but lying contiguous to both, and bordering upon Waddesdon
and Grendon, on the verge of Bernewode Forest, might have been annexed to the estate of Vlnuard,
(the Queen's tenant in Addengrave and in Ticheshele) and at a later period have become part of Ham
and Waddesdon. Whether any portion of these lands belonged to Thame-Abbey, must be matter of
conjecture. After the dissolution, when many estates were resumed by the Crown, under the pretext
of their appropriation to superstitious purposes. Queen Elizabeth, in 1557, granted inter al. to John
Farneham, Esq. lands in Qiiainton, called Hartlcij'^ Plaeyne, having on one side Rod (road) diche,
running eastward to Pratt's Hill or Pratt's Okes, and abutting s. on Doddershall, n. on Shipton-Lee,
and w. on Hartley Meyrestone, which being retained in an ancient map before referred to,^ seem to
have been part of South-Lee : and the old name of the Plain is still attached to part of the land ; as
may be seen by referring to a reduced tracing of the original, which will be introduced into this work.
BENWELL, BINWELL, or BINNOL LANE,
is part of an old track-way from Grendon near the Forest of Bernewode towards Waddesdon ;
but whether the names were derived from springs in the vicinity, or how otherwise originating, must
be left to the opinion of learned topographers.
Here is now a small form, probably part of the estate of the Mallets, and at an early period, given
to Woburn-Abbey, co. Beds, with the contiguous lands of Colwich in Waddesdon. At the dissolution
of religious houses, coming among the possessions of Woburn to the Crown, King Henry VHL in
1538, granted it to Charles de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk,* and it was subsequently annexed to the
estate of the Pigots, and is presumed to have been in the hands of Alban Pigot of Colwich,^ who dis-
posed of part of his estate about 1640, to Sir Thomas Reade, Knt. one of whose family or descendants
Sir John Reade, Bart, in 1788, conveyed this property, under the description of Binnon, Binnole, or
Binwell-Lane, to Samuel Athawes, Esq. of Kingsbridge-Cottage, near Reading, co. Berks, (formerly
a merchant in London) who died seized hereof, 20 JVLay, 1822, and was buried at Mortlake, co. Surry ;^
and by his will, this estate was devised to the Rev. John Athawes of Loughton, in this county, who is
the present possessor.
'Terra Alsi. In Essedene Hd. In Sortelai ten' Alsi iiii. hid. p. uno CO. Tra'. e. vi car'. In dnio. ii. liidie et ibi sunt
II". car. et v. uilli cu. iiii. bord. lint. iii. car'. Ibi. ii. serui. ptu, ii. car'. Silua cccc. pore. In totis ualent' ual et ualit
Sep. IIII. lib. Hoc OD. tenuit Wlnuard' ho reginae Eddid. T.R.E : et ipsa dedit huic Alsi cu filia Wlnuarde. [Lib.
Censual, vol. i, f. 153.] See i age 364.
«Qu. IJerde or Hart-Lee ? ■> Page 417. * Rot. Pat. 30 Hen. VIII. Test. 30 Sept.
* See Waddesdon and Pediguees of Pigot.
^ His portrait engraved in 1805 by J. R. Smith, is accredited as one of the finest mezotintos ever e.xeciited.
QUAINTON. 419
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY.
The advowson of Quainton Church having been given to the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, either
by a descendant of Milo Crispin, or by one of the Mallets, was by fine and recovery suffered by those
knights, vested in Harvey Mallet, early in the thirteenth century/ and continuing appendant to the
manor, passed therewith, until after the death of Anne, widow of Richard Win wood, Esq. in 1693, when
the patronage became vested in Ralph, Earl of Montague, in right of his marriage ; and being by his
lordship, or by his son and successor John Duke of Montague, severed from the manor was, in or
about 1732, exchanged with or conveyed to the family of Ekins of Barton-Segrave, co Northampton,
by whom, or their assigns, the right of patronage has been since uninterruptedly enjoyed, and at
present is in the possession of the Rev. Frederick Ekins, A.M. Rector of Morpeth in Northumberland.
The Rectory, at the Ecclesiastical Taxation of Pope Nicholas IV. (circ. 1291,) was valued at 20Z.
per aim. a portion in the same belonging to Hugh de Vyens, estimated at 40s. per ami.
In the valuation of Henry VIII it was rated at 30/. 12s. Id. per aim. ; tenths, 31. Is. 2^d ; archi-
diaconals lOs. 7|c?. with a pension formerly payable to Notley-Abbey of 4s. per arm."
The church-yard, including the site of the church, contains about three square roods : the fences
(partly stone) repaired at the expense of the parish.
The Rectory-house is described in a terrier as large and commodious, with cellars, garrets, and
other suitable attached and detached offices ; ^ also two parlours, a servants'-hall, kitchen, pantries, a
large new room, unfinished (since this terrier was made, completed as a dining-room, with large and
convenient rooms over it, forming the north wing of the house). The first story consisting of the
like number of rooms, but there are two chambers over the hall, and a very large nursery, and two
bedchambers over the kitchen : a dairy, brewhouse, court-yard, stable, granary, cow-house, and dove-
house, kitchen-garden, orchard, parterre, shrubbery, and fish-pond ; altogether about an acre and a
half: and a large piece of ground adjoining the south side of the church-yard, called Church-Leys, of
about six acres : one half acre of arable in Blackgrave field in Quainton, in Banner furlong*. This
land of the Rector is bounded on the west by lands late of Robert Dormer, Esq. since of Charles
Trelawny Brereton, Esq. About one acre and three quarters in the north-east angle of Quainton
meadow, called Swainscombe : also, one little thatched tenement in the upper street of Quainton, of
two bays, formerly let at 21. 10s. 6d. per ami. (since sold under an Act of Parliament for redemption
of the land-tax.'^)
In 1803, the tithes of the township and open fields were let at 220/. ; composition for old enclo-
1 Lincoln Regist. : also p. 408. ^ Ecton's and Bacon's Thesaur.
' On the wainscot of the hall, which seems to have been brought from some more ancient mansion, and most probably
from the house of the Winwood's at Denham, [see p. 408] are the following coats of arms, which unquestionably belonged
to some of the ancient families connected with this parish, viz.
1. A cheveron between three morions, i?ra(fene;Z, impaling 5. In chief Verney : in base Whytingham impaling
a fess between six martlets, Croke. Iwardby.
2» BFudenell impaling barry of six, in chief, a lion ram- 6. Iwardby impaling Verney.
pant. 7. Pigot impaling Iwardby.
3. Brudenell impaling three mullets. 8. Verney impaling Iwardby or qu ? Ingoldsby : and a
4. Brudenell, impaling a falcon and escutcheon. cypher.
♦ So named probably from the point of a small hill rising from the vale south-eastward of the church, and according to
tradition, the spot on which had been, at some remote period, a banner or military standard. The brow is still called
Banner hip.
s Terrier dated 1803, exhibited at the triennial visitation of the Lord Bishop of Lincoln, signed B. Downing, Rector ;
.Joseph Lee, Richard Wood, Churchwardens.
420 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
sures in lieu of tithes 1801. ; a modus for Benwell-Lane, amounting to 8s. another for Denham
amounting to per aim. 81. ; ditto for Round-Hill 61. Gs. ; a modus for Shipton-Lee amounting to 120Z. ;
commutation paid for Carter's Close 31. 10s. altogether then amounting to the sum of 538Z. 4s.; but
the real value of the living has eitlier been under rated, or the same has been greatly mis-apprehended;
however, it appears in recent returns that the value of the Rectory is only stated to be 5001. per ann.
Geoffrey M A xsnn, presented 1 April, 1224, by Harvey
Mallett, Knight, who had recovered the patronage against
the Prior of St. John of Jerusalem.
IVil'iam Achard, about 1280.
Peter de Ashern, instituted 18 Feb. 1227, on the pre-
sentation of Robert Mallett. On bis resignation,
Gi'ojf'rey de Blaston, alias Blahy, was instituted 14
Sept. 1302, on the presentation of Walter de Langton,
Bishop of Coventry and Litchfield. In 131.'^ be was
made Archdeacon of Derby ; and on bis resignation of
this Rectory, was succeeded by
Benedict de Feriby, 20 Oct. 1313, on the presentaion
of the Bishop of Lincoln ; and soon afterwards (6 Jan.)
a commission was issued to the Rural Dean of VVad-
desdon to visit this church. He died in 1329, being
Prebendary of Lincoln, and
Bartholomew de Bourne was instituted 16 Mar. 1330,
on the presentation of Robert Mallett. In 1343, be was
Prebendary of Langford-Manor, in Lincoln Cathedral,
having resigned this Rectory, to which
John deScothern, was instituted 23 March, 1332 on the
presentation of Robert Mallett : and succeeded by
JViUiiiiii le Donne., September, 1.349, presented by
Alm(>ric Tihevcrin. He was made Archdeacon of
Leicester, 12 May, 1.3o4, and is styled D. D.' and
afterwards accepting the living of SwalclifFe, co. Oxon,
resigned this Rectory, and was succeeded by
John de Sim/leton, 17 May, 1.360, on the presentation
of the Attorney of Thomas de Misscnden. He died,
and was succeeded by
John A'«((7/(^, instituted 17 Oct. 1361, on the presen-
tation of Thomas de Missenden ; and at his death,
John Leioys was instituted 28 July, 1396, on the pre-
sentation of the King, hy reason of the custody of the
landi^ of Edmund de Missenden, deceased. In 1392,
this J'lhn, or a person of the same name, had exchanged
or resigned the Rectory of Mursley. He died, and was
buried here," being succeeded by
Eichard Pettsicorth, 5 Nov. 1422, on the presentation
of John Cheyne, Esq. and Isabell his wife. He was, in
1458, Prebendary of Lincoln, but had exchanged
this living for another in the Isle of Wight, with
George de WerhuUon, 13 September, 1424.
Tliomas Newman ; ... at his death was succeeded by
Richard Bolder, or Botkr, instituted 7 Oct. 1447, on
the presentation of Nicholas Iwardby, Esq. He died,
and was succeeded by
John Spence, jiresented 4 Oct. 1466, by Edmund
Brudenell and Richard Fowler (supposed) guardians of
the heir of Iwardby. He died, and was buried here.^
John Cowley, was presented 2 Oct. 1485 ; and at his
decease,
Georye Brudenell was instituted, 24 Jan. 1506, on the
presentation of Joane Iwardby. Fie had been previously
Rector of Drayton-Beauchamp ; which living he resigned,
but with this Rectory held Hogston about two years:*
and dying in 1522, was buried, with many of his family, at
Chahont St. Peters.^
Richard Cutler, was presented May, 1522, by Joane
Iwardby, widow, whose daughter and co-heiress, Ellen
Iwardb}-, was married to Wm. Cutler, probably his brother.
Thonins Jf'iiterho/i.fe, 15 March, 1555, on the presen-
tation of William Clarke'^ and Elizabeth his wUc. He
was born at Hemel-Hempstead, co. Herts, descended
from a Lincolnshire family, and brotlicr of John ^Vater-
house, of Whitchurch." He was the last Rector of the
College of Bonhommes, at Ashridge,'' which house he
surrendered, and subscribed to the King's supremacy, in
1534. " He afterwards retired to his family seat at
Hcmel-Hcmpstead, and there probably ended his days,"-'
but he certainly held this Rectory until his death, 24th
May, 1557.'^'
1 Lii Neve's Festi. p. IG.i. - Page 43-2, ami his Ettigy. ^ P:\ge 4:n. * See Hogstok.
•'' See CuALFciNT St. Peter; and Pedigree of Brudenell. "J See page 397.
' See WiiiTcnuucn, and Pedigree of Wateruocse. Also, Clutteuei'ck's Herts, vol. i. p. 418.
8 PlGllTLESTIIOKKE iUld AsUUlDGE. '-' WilHs's MSS.
'" Ills will is very remarkable. " In the name of the Father, and of the Sen, and of the Holy Ghost. Amen. I,
ThoiK-is Waterhouse, Priest of the Calholiek Failh, whole of body, and of good and perfect remembrance, do make and
DODDERSHALL in QUAINTON.
421
Willis observes, that in Morgan's Heraldry^ is a
" drmifjht of Waterhouse's grave-stone, said to have been
in Hempstead chancel (though there were then no re-
mains of it) " with his effigy in a sacerdotal habit,
shewing him to have been a proper handsome man, like
his portrait in Whaddon-Hall, on which it was recorded
to have been copied from a painting by Hans Holbein,
and under the effigy, on the brass, these words:
Hie jacet Waterhius Clericus quondam Magister, sive
Gubernator venerabilis Collegii Beata- Marise nuper de
Ashridge nee non Rector Ecclesia3 de Qiiaynton, qui
obiit xx'"". die Mensis Mali A". Dni millesimo quingen-
tissimo quiuquagesimo quarto cujus animae ppiciet.
Dens. Amen."
Edward Cooper, A.M.. instituted 11 July, 1557, on
the presentation of William Clarke, Esq. and Elizabeth
his wife. He had been Vicar of Swanbourne^ from
1535, and was succeeded by
Maurice Bullock, A.M. 30 AprW, 1553, on the pre-
sentation of William Clarke and Elizabeth his wife, and
at his death he was succeeded by
John Piers, A.M. instituted 17 Dec. 1558, on the
presentation of William Clarke and Elizabeth his wife.
He was born at South-Hinksey, co. Berks ; descended
from the family of Piers, of Stadbampton, near Dor-
chester: was Eellow of Magdalen-Coll. Oxon. and
resigned this Rectory in 1566, on being promoted to a
Prebend in Chester Cathedral. In 1567, he was ad-
vanced to that Deanery ; in 1570, elected Master of Balliol-
College, Oxon. soon afterwards installed Dean of Christ-
Church, retaining both Deaneries until the next year,
when resigning Chester, he was made Deau of Salisbury.
In 1576, he was consecrated Bishop of Rochester, still
holding his Deanery in commendam, and the livings of
Laingdon, or Langdon, and Tillingham. On the death
of Archbishop Sandys, he was translated 9 Feb. 1 588, to
the Metropolitan Chair of York. He was distinguished
by his humility and beneficence, and celebrated for his
learning. In every place where he resided, particularly
at Chester, Oxford, Salisbury, and York, he was beloved
for his kindness and generosity, and died at Bishop's-
Thorp, 28th Sept. 1594, greatly lamented, in his seventy-
first year, having •' leased nothing," says his biographer,
belonging to his church, but hberally dispensed his
own possessions. He was buried in York Cathedral,
where a tablet, with his arms, bears an appropriate
tribute to his memorjf, written by John Rennet, LL. D.
whom he constituted his heir :- " Homo (si quisquam
mortalium) a malitia & vindicta plane innocens : summe
liberalis in omnes. Pauperihus ita beneficus, ut non
suam modo, sed et principis sui munificentiam eleemo-
synarius Regius, larga manu per multos annos serogavit.
Ilospitalis adeo ut expensse reditus saepe aequarint non
nunquam superarint contemptor mundi optimus, facilis
& in sola vitia superbus. Scilicet non minus factis quam
scrmonibus sincerum verbi Prajconem egit. Et fuit in
Evangelis praedicando tarn in aula & in academia, quam
in ecclesia, ut semper valde nervosus ita ad extremum
usq ; halitum mirabiliter assiduus. Veram & Germanam
Christi religionem modis omnibus propagavit, falsam &
adulterinam totis viribus oppugnavit. Bonas litteras
pro facultatibus auxit. Ignavos sedulitatis suae conscius
ferre non potuit. Manus temere nemini imposuit. Ec-
clesiaj patrimonium veluti rem Deo sacratum intactum
defendit. Summa semper apud illustrissimam morta-
lium Elizabetham gratia floruit. Ineffabili apud Deum
inimortalem gloria eternum florebit. \\\\t in ccelo
anima ejus; vivet in terris memoria : utinam & vivuni
exemplar in omnibus Episcopis Ecclesia^que Pastoris
cerneretur."^
ordain vny last will and testament, the twenty-fifth day of May, 1557, in manner and form following : — First, 1 bequeath
my soul to Almighty God the Father of Heaven, my Creator, and to Jesus Christ our Lord and God, my Redeemer : and
I will my body to be buried in the chancel of the parish church of Hemel-Hempstead, near to the place where my mother
lyeth. I bequeath J;o the parish church of Quainton my vestment of crimson satin. I bequeath to the church of Great
Berkhampstead my vestment of crimson velvet I bequeath to the parish church of Great Hemel-Hempstead my stole
and farron [scarf] set with pearle. I bequeath to my cozin, John Waterhous, the Queen's servant, my standing cup of
silver and gilt, with the cover. I bequeath to my servant, Thomas Ashton, ten pounds in money, which I promised him. I
bequeath to my Priest, Sir Thomas Barker, my black gown, faced with taffeta : and I ordain and make my brother, John
Waterhous, and my cozen, Richard Combe, Gent, my executors; these being witnesses, &c.' [Fuller's Worthies of Hert-
fordshire, p. 30 ; Clutterbuck's Herts, vol. i. p. 422, n. Regist. in Cur. Prerog. Lond. Probate dated 17 July, 1557.
Todd's Hist, of Ashridge, p. 25.]
1 B. 2. p. 71.
2 Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. Clutterbuck's Herts, vol. i. p. 418. Todd's Hist, of Ashridge, p. 24 ; in which is also
a copy of the Effigy, from Morgan's Sphere of Gentry.
3 See SWANBOORNE.
* Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. Cole's MSS. Survey of Cathedrals, vol. i. p. 50. Hasted's Kent, vol. iv. p. 140
Regist. Line. Ayloff's Hist. Oxon.
422
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Thomas Blanhard, S.T.B. instituted 18 Jan. 1567.
He was afterwards Vicar of Aston- Abbats ; and at his
death was succeeded by
Richard Brett, A.M. 7 Feb, 1595, on the presen-
tation of John Jennyn, Esq. Patron for this term. He
was descended from a very ancient family in Somerset-
shire, claiming distinction from their progenitor, Walter
Brito, in the reign of Henry I.' but the literary attain-
ments were of the highest order, and his name is re-
corded as " the learned Rector of Quainton, appointed
bv King James one of the translators of the Bible;
highly eminent for his skill in oriental languages, his
vigilant care, diligent preaching, charity, and munifi-
cence." = He died 15 April, 1637, a3t. 70.
Ellis Beverley, A.M. instituted 28 April, 1637, on the
presentation of Richard Winwood, Esq. He died, and
was buried here, 26 Mar. 1657.
Patrick Symmer, instituted in 1658; died in 1691,
and was buried here; being succeeded by
Benjamin Archer, of Exeter-Coll. Oxon. A. M. 26
Oct. 1676, and S.T.B. 31 May, 1688, was instituted
h Mar. 1691, " cm the presentation of George Evelyn,
Esq. by reason of the next turn granted to him by Rich.
Winwood, Esq. the rightful patron." He died 20 Aug.
1 732, and was buried under a tomb contiguous to the
north wall of the north chapel or aisle of the chancel (the
burial-place of the Win wood's) in the church-yard near
the charity-school to which he had been a benefactor ;
and his funeral sermon was preached by Dr. J>ans, Fel-
low of New College.
Jeffery Ekins, A.M. instituted 5 Jan. 1732-3, on the
presentation of Benjamin Alicock, Esq. He was born
at Barton- Segrave, co. Northampton, about 1701, being
the son of Geoffrey Ekins, Rector and Patron of that
church. He was of Jesus-Coll. Camb. A. B. 1720,
A.M. 1725; instituted to the Rectory of Barton-Se-
grave, in 1723, on the death of his father, and presented
to the Rectory of Quainton, by the grant or concession
of John Duke of Montagu.' He had a numerous fa-
mily, of which John, his second son, was of Queen's-
CoU. Camb. A.B. 1755; A- M. 1758; Rector of Trow-
bridge, CO. Wilts, 1774; and by Dispensation, in 1776,
also Rector of Newton-Tony ; afterwards D. D. and Dean
of Sarum : Catherine and Jane both died unmarried,
and were buried in Barton-Segrave Church, where their
monument bears an affectionate inscription, written by
their father, who resigned the Rectory of Quainton in
1765. and died at Barton-Segrave (of which parish he
continued Rector until 23 Aug. 1773), and was buried
there.
Jeffery Ekins, A.M. inducted 30 March, 1761, on the
presentation of his father, the Rev. Jeffrey Ekins. He
was born at Barton-Segrave, educated at Eton and
King's-Coll. Camb. A. B. 1755; A.M. 1758, Fellow of
King's-Coll. and Tutor to Frederick Earl of Carlisle.
He married, in 1765, Anne, one of the daughters of
Philip Baker, Esq. of Colston, co. Wilts (sister of the
wife of his brother John Ekins), and in 1775, resigning
Quainton, he was instituted to the Rectory of Morpeth,
in Northumberland, on the presentation of Fred. Earl of
Carlisle; in Feb. 1777, instituted to the Rectory of
Sedgfield, co. Durham ; in 1781 D.D.; in 1782, installed
Dean of Carlisle. He died 20 Nov. 1791, and was
buried at Fulham, co. Middlesex : having been the
author of A Translation of the Loves of Medea and
Jason, from Apollonius Rhodius, 4to. 1771 ; commended
by Cumberland in his " Memoirs," who has also men-
tioned " his habits of the most intimate friendship"
with this amiable man ; and observes, that " the same
passion for poetry possessed them, the same attachment
to the drama; that his genius was quick and brilliant,
his temper sweet, and his nature mild and gentle in the
extreme ; that his lot was prosperous and placid, which
was well for him, as he was not made to combat with
the storms of life."*
Wadham Pigot, A. M. presented by Harman Leese,
Esq. Philip Baker, Clk. and John Ekins, Clk. and in-
ducted 3 June, 1775. He was also Vicar of Ridge, co.
Herts, on the presentation of Philip Yorke, Esq. (after-
wards Earl of Hardwicke) from 21 Dec. 1774, to 1779.-'
He never visited Quainton after his induction, and being
in weak health, and residing chiefly at Weston-super-
Mare, near Bristol, in 1796, exchanged this Living for
the Rectory of Bleadon, co. Somerset, with
Bladon Downiny, B. C. L. " presented by John
Ekins, D.D. Dean of Sarum, Philip Baker, Clerk, and
Harman Leese, Esq. Trustees of Anne Ekins, widow,
and with her consent," and inducted 13 May, 1796, He
was of Trinity-Coll. Oxon. B.C.L. 5 July, 1773. In
1771, being then A.B. he was instituted to the Rectory
of Blaekmanstone, in Kent,'' and collated to the Curacy
of Nonington and Wimlingswold or Wymonswold-
1 Collinsnn's Somersetshire. = Echard's Hist, of England, p. 460.
> Biidges's Hist of Northaniptonshire, vol. ii. p. 218.
* Lysons, vol. ii. p. 393 : Cumberland's Memoirs ; Faulkner's Hist, of Fulham, p. 75, 302, 303.
5 Ciutterbuck's Herts, vol. i. p. 214,
6 The parish church had been destroyed before the reign of Hen. VIH. Harris's Hist, of Kent, p. 44 ; and Ecton's
Lib. Valor.
DODDERSHALL in QUAINTON.
423
Chapel annexed, by the Archbishop of Canterbury. In
November, 1777, he was collated by the same Arch-
bishop to the Rectory of Ive-Church, and thereupon
resigned Blackmanstone, but held his other preferment
until 1789, when he vacated Ive-Church and Walder-
share, on being presented by the Dean and Chapter
of Winchester to the Rectory of Bleadon, at the
instance of the Honble. Dr. Brownlow North, Bishop
of Winchester, to whose nephew, George Earl of Guild-
ford, he was Chaplain. By the same Prelate, he was
also made Rector of the sinecure Rectory of Overton,
CO. Hants, which he held, with the Rectory of Quainton,
until his death.
He was the author of a Sermon on the present happy
^ra, from 1 Timothy, ch. ii. v. 4. London, 8vo. 1814;
and of a Letter on a Religious Subject, printed in the
Gentleman's Magazine, vol. Ixxxii. P. 1. p. 2-21, March,
1812, signed B. D. and was buried at Quainton, 26 Feb.
1817, being succeeded by
William Page, D. D. presented December, 1817, by
Charles Ekins, Clk. Rector of Chidingfold, in Surry.
He was born 18 Feb. 1778, at Frodsham, in Cheshire,
being the eldest son of the Rev. William Emmanuel
Page, A. M. formerly Student of Ch. Ch. Oxon, Pre-
bendary of Chester, and Vicar of Frodsham, under whose
superintendence he received the rudiments of instruction,
and having evinced remarkable quickness of apprehen-
sion and facility of learning, was soon distinguished
amongst his contemporaries, and, at the suggestion of
that excellent judge and promoter of hterary genius, Dr.
Cyril Jackson, Dean of Christ-Church, was, at the age of
twelve years, removed from his paternal roof (where his
progress had been materially assisted by the Rev. Mr.
Harrison, a neighbouring school-master, of great abilities
and research), to participate in the advantages of West-
minster School. His rapid advancement there bore
ample testimony to the discrimination of his patron ; and
he was one of those many and well known proofs of the
sagacity of discovery and nice appreciation of character
for which Doctor Jackson was eminently celebrated. In
standing out for the College, at the Examination which
ensued next after his entrance at Westminster, he ob-
tained the second place amongst fourteen candidates on
the foundation, and distinguished himself by his clas-
sical attainments, more especially in Greek and Latin
versification, for which he was frequently rewarded. In
1795, he was elected to Christ-Church, took the degree
of A. B. in 1799, and A. M. 4 Feb. 1812.i His atten-
tion to his studies was so exemplary, and his general de-
portment so satisfactory, that in 1802, he was appointed,
at the unusually early age of twenty-four years, to the
second Mastership of Westminster School; in which
situation, during thirteen years, in conjunction with Dr.
Carey (afterwards Bishop of Exeter) he constantly de-
voted his abilities and exertions to reform the discipline
and improve the course of classical reading; and thus
not only sustained, but advanced, the high character of
that distinguished seminary. On the retirement of Dr.
Carey, in 1814, he was promoted to the office of Head
Master (which he held during the remainder of his life),
and for which he was eminently qualified, by a happy
union of learning, independence, and impartiality. His
taste in composition was classical and polished, his labour
and diligence indefatigable, and his attention to good
order and discipline exemplary and assiduous. Fa-
vouritism and prejudice were alike unknown to him. He
disdained to yield to any solicitations by which he might
be withdrawn from a strict and undeviating attention to
the true interests of those intrusted to his care. He
sought not that popularity which specious manners and
address may sometimes attain ; but his modesty and re-
serve were united with strictness of principle, kindness
of heart, and amiable sincerity. The estimation in
which his public character was held, was exemplified by
a munificent subscription for his orphan family at his
decease, and to provide a competence worthy of that
station which his merits had adorned. He was or-
dained a Deacon in June, 1802, and Priest in August
next following; was instituted to the Vicarage of Ste-
venton, co. Berks, in 1812, on the presentation of the
Dean and Chapter of Westminster, being the fi-iendly
option of Dr. Carey, as one of the Prebendaries ; and
to the Rectory of Nunburnham, in Yorkshire, on
the presentation of his Grace Edward Venables
(Vernon) Archbishop of York; but resigned botli
livings on being presented to this Rectory of Quainton.
which he obtained through the interest of the same ve-
nerable Prelate (one of his father's early friends) by
whom also he was, in the room of Dr. Carey, appointed
Sub-Almoner to his Majesty. He took the degree of
B. D. 20 May, 1809, and D. D. in 1815; died at
Oxford, 20 Sept. 1819, and was buried in Christ-Churcli
Cathedral, where a memorial is thus inscribed :
Gulielmus Page,
S. T. P.
Hujuscae ^dis Alumnus
Et
Scholae Regise Westmonasteriensis
Archididasculus
Obiit Die Septembris xx™°.
A. D. MDCCCXIX.
^tatis suae xm.
Welsh's List of Scholars and Oxford Graduates.
424 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
He was not the acknowledged author of any piibUshcd presentation of Ann Ekins, of Bath, widow. He was
work ; but was usually accredited for many of the Pro- educated at Eton and King's-CoUege, Cambridge ; A. B.
logues and Epilogues to the Latin Plays annually per- 1795; A.M. 1798; Rector of Little-Bursted, Essex,
formed by the Westminster scholars, and for many Ex- 1806, but resigned on taking this Rectory; and in 18'20,
ercises recited at the elections to Christ-Church.' His was presented to the Vicarage of St. Peter, St Albans.
incessant attention to the duties of his office left him Having resigned Quainton in March, 18'2-2, he became
comparatively little time for deep Theological Researches; Fellow of Eton-College, and was presented by that So-
but his Sermon preached in 1812, in Lambeth Chapel, ciety, in 1824, to the Rectory of Southmere, in Norfolk;
at the consecration of Dr. William Jackson Bishop of and in November, 1829, to the united Rectories of
Oxford," and the Discourses which he occasionally de- Greeting, St. Olave and All-Saints, Suffolk, in the same
livered in the Chapel Royal as Sub- Almoner, evinced no patronage.
ordinary portion of professional learning, with great Edtvard Newton Yoimr/, A.B. institnted 4 Ma,y, ISH^,
perspicuity of expression, and strength of reasoning. He on the presentation of Anne Ekins, widow, of Ludlow,
was succeeded by co. Salop.
John Briffffs, A. M. instituted 25 March, 1820, on the
THE CHURCH,
dedicated to the blessed Virgin,^ or as some suppose, to the Holy Cross, (the annual feast being ob-
served in September) stands at the n.e. extremity of the village; and is very conspicuous from the
Vale of Aylesbury, and tlie hills which form its southern border.
It was probably built in the fourteentli century ; and consists of a nave, two aisles, (a soutli porch
embattled, with two mulHoned windows and stone sediles;)^ an embattled tower at the west end, and a
chancel, having a short north aisle ; contiguous to which, on the east, is a small building consisting of
two apartments, used as a parochial free-school, and probably erected for that purpose.
In the west front of the tower is a recessed pointed arch, with doors originally decorated with
carving. On the south-side of the chancel, is a very low pointed arched door-way ; and three hand-
somely proportioned and mullioned windows with Tudor arches, which about 1772, were reduced (in
defiance of all taste) into small semi-circularly headed lights, to the great injury of the appearance of
the building ; at the same time, a larger window at the east end was entirely closed, excepting only a
very small semi-circular portion of it above the altar screen, evidently with a design to admit that
ornament.^
In the north aisle of the chancel, two large mullioned windows, with cinquefoil-headed lights, and cross
mullions under Tudor arches, have been nearly closed, the floor raised, and an entrance made at the
N.w. angle. To this aisle from the chancel is an ascent of several steps.
In each aisle of the nave are three square-headed mullioned windows, with cinquefoil-headed lights,
rosettes and tracery, and formerly painted glass with armorial bearings, and cyphers for Ralph or
Roger Mallet, are remembered to have been seen here until about the period when the old roof of the
nave was removed, new leaded, and the whole fabric repaired.
Each of the ten clerestory windows of the nave consists of two lights with a mullion and tracery,
and at the east end of the south aisle is a mullioned window, with a bracket arch, tracery, cornice, and
mouldings, terminating in corbelled heads. The roof of the tower, nave, aisles, and porch, all covered
with lead : the chancel tiled, and on its eastern gable is a small round pinnacle, apparently part of an
old cross. In the western face of the tower is a window of two trefoil-headed lights, with a quatre
1 Gent. Mag. vol. Ixxxix. p. 617.
« Printed in 1812, by command of the Arclibislinp of Canterbury, but distributed only amongst his friends.
' Ecton's Thesaur. * See page 37. ^ Parochial Documents.
QUAINTON. 425
foil in the spandril ; and in the upper story are four windows, under pointed arches. At the angles
of the cornice near the battlements are four grotesque heads.
In the tower are five heavy bells and a sermon bell, with a clock' and chimes, the latter playing every
fourth hour. On the south side of the tower is a large sun-dial. In the western window of the north
aisle, many fragments of painted glass remained until about 1782, when the church was completely
repaired, and several relics of antiquity were destroyed or purloined. Here was a cypher, apparently
for " R. and M." similar to one in Tilsworth Church, co. Beds, which Willis saw and described, but
whether relating to Queen Margaret, as has been asserted, or for Robert or Richard Mallet, the
Lord of Quainton, may be doubtful. Willis also mentions in one of the windows, these arms : quarterly
1 and 4 fVette Arg. semee de fleurs-de-lis Or, 2 and 3 Giffard : differenced with a label of three points.
The nave is sixty-two feet long, twenty-five feet wide, and thirty-three feet high. Chancel forty-six
feet six inches by twenty-five feet, and thirty-three feet six inches high. Tower twenty-four feet
square, and sixty-two feet high. Winwoods aisle twenty-nine feet two inches long, fifteen-feet wide.
The chancel is ceiled, but the nave has the timber roof exposed. On one of the beams is the date
1782, with initials "P. H. and C. K." for Peter Hughes and Charles King, then Churchwardens.
Between the nave and aisles on each side are five pointed arches, supported by octagon pillars. At
the east end, at the entrance into the chancel, and at the west end, adjacent to the tower, are lofty
pointed arches : the latter closed, and a large gallery erected against the upper part of it ; below, a
pair of wainscot doors open into the belfry, and at the east end another pair of doors into the chancel,
between the manorial pews belonging to the possessors of Lee-Grange and Doddershall. In the
north-east pier is a low cinquefoil-headed arched recess, for a light or altar, and the ends of beams
projecting from the wall, with a door and stone stairs, in the south-east angle of the north aisle,
indicate the ascent to the rood-loft, of which some small portions remain in paintings of Evangelists
or Apostles on the wainscot within, and now forming the backs of the pews above mentioned. Above
the east window of the south aisle is a canopy or ceiling, with a stuccoed flower in the centre, and on
each side a bracket for a light, where was formerly also, probably another altar, and on each side a
bracket with a piscena in the wall near it. The east end of this aisle was,-in the incumbency of
Ekins, converted into a handsome pew for the Rector : and adjacent to it, is a large manorial pew
belonging to the proprietors of Denham.
A modern gallery was erected in the north aisle, nearly opposite the pulpit, in 1828, by contri-
bution, and the aid of 15/. from the Society for Promoting the Building and Enlargement of Churches,
with sittings for 130 children belonging to the Sunday schools of this parish, for whom was also
built a school-room on the north side of the church-yard.
The Font near the west pillar of the south aisle, is large, octagonal, lined with lead, having
sculptured compartments, with quatrefoils (partly defaced) resting on a plain pedestal and a square
plinth. Over it is a carved cross, from which was anciently suspended by pulleys, the wooden cover
of the basin, with the date 1662.
The custom of strewing the floor with rushes and sedge, was continued here until 1781, or later,"
but the church being repaired, a new floor of boards was made under the old open seats, which super-
seded that uncleanly custom.
1 It appears that in 1682, this clock cost no more than 8^. of which 4Z. was paid to Mr. Harice, the maker, by Peter
Hughes, sen. of the Vine, and Joseph Twynam, Churchwardens, and the like sum in the next year, by the same persons ;
and that in 1709, John Collins and Thomas Grace, Churchwardens, paid Mr. John Crooke and Peter Clarke for the
chimes 51. Is. 6d. [Old book of Churchwardens accounts.]
2 Bean haulm at Christmas, and wheat-straw at Easter, were almost as constantly introduced as evergreens, for the de-
coration of country churches. [Steele's MS. Collections for Tilsworth, co. Beds, in the Library of Sir John S. Sebright,
Bart, of Beachwood, Herts.]
VOL, I. 3 I
426 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
In the south wall of the chancel is a niche for a piscena, under a pointed arch, with an ornamented
finial.
Within the communion-rails the pavement is of white stone, with lozenges of black marble. At
the east end is a handsome screen, its central compartment inscribed do this in remembrance of me.
On black tables, with semi-circular heads and gadrooned borders gilt, the Decalogue : and on smaller
tables, the Creed and the Lord's Prayer, to which Ekins, Rector in 1758, liberally contributed.'
Affixed to the east wall near the roof is a medallion of King Charles I. within a wreath: the crown,
a rose, and initials C. R.
The north or Winwood's aisle, was formerly open to the chancel by two arches, one of which has
been closed by the monument of Judge Dormer : the other, which is smaller, has a latticed door,
with a flight of steps from it, descending into the chancel, and a door at the n.e. angle from the
church-yard. It also communicates with the north aisle of the church by another arch.
Ancient carved choral seats at the west end of the chancel have been removed, and form a pew at
the s. w. angle ; in which is a desk with the date 1683, and a lion couchant on one of the seats, carved
in wood.- The communion table is supported by fluted pillars ; and the plate, consisting of flagons,
chalices, and patens is handsome, bearing the name of Pigot, the donor.
The pulpit, on the south side of the nave, ascended by stairs from the desk, is pentagonal, with
arches on the panels, of the time of James I. and has a magnificent cover of crimson velvet, richly
laced with gold, cushion, tassels, &c. and the arms and initials of Lettice Pigot, beautifully embroidered
by that munificent lady,^ by whom it was presented.
On panels or battlements of a pew belonging to the manor of Doddershall in the s.e. angle of the
nave, are the arms of Sir Christopher Pigot impaling Ingoldsby : the initials C.P. date 1610 : but
these battlements were, in 1827, lowered, and the pew on the opposite side (for the Lords of the
Manor of Denham) likewise reduced nearly to a level with the ordinary seats.
On a slab in the floor of the nave, (which Elisabeth, relict of the above Thomas Bourne, died
is partly of bricks) near the west end: April 2'. 181.3, aged 74 years.
Beneath this stone lyeth the body of M^ James Price, Qn small lozenges of stone, in the floor, near
Citizen and Coachmaker of London. He departed this ^^^ readinc-desk :
life, the 19'^ of March, 17-28, aged 55 years.
T. B. 1786. E. B. 1788.
On another :
In memory of Thomas Foster, of Winslow, son of I" the chancel aisle, or AVinwood-Chapel, the
Francis Foster, of Bister, who died Sept. the 5"\ 1728, floor of which is considerably higher than that of
aged 68 years; and Elizabeth his relict, who died the chancel, on an elevated dais or platform, ex-
August y' 3'. 1731, aged 69 years. tending to the whole breadth of the aisle, and en-
On an oval tablet of veined marble with a ^'o^"^ ^^^^h iron palisadocs, party-gilt, is a large
black border, affixed to the eastern pillar, in the ^Itar tomb of stone, with a cover of black marble,
,,.,,,•,,, 1 •, . on which lie statues of Richard Winwood, Esq.
south aisle, behind the pulpit: , , . ^ n., p • , • i
and his wiie, 1 he former in plate armour with
Sacred to the memory of the Rev''. Thomas Bourne,
who died Nov''. 4'\ 1786, aged 55 years.
cuirass, &c. ; and in a full bottomed wig of the
largest size. The lady half reclining, attentively
regards her husband. Her dress loose drapery, ex-
years, quisitely finished, feet towards the north. At the
Also, of Edward Eeles Bourne, son of the above largest size. The lady half reclining, attentively
Thomas Bourne, who died April 15'^ 1788, aged 13 regards her husband. Her dress loose drapery, ex-
hemes.
1 Churclnvardens' Book. = A similar carving occurs in the church of Isenhampstead-Ch.
' Sab. three silver pickaxes impaling Lovett, and L. P. date 1709. ■* He was Rector of Pitciicott ; See p. 387.
QUAINTON.
427
corners of the tomb, effigies of three female child-
ren (nieces of Mrs. Winwood) kneeling on
cushions On the front of the tomb, the delinea-
tion of a skeleton.
Affixed to the east wall behind the figures, on
a drapery of white marble bordered with chaplets
of fruits and flowers in festoons :
Here lyeth the body of Richard Winwood, Esq, (one
of the Deputy-Lieutenants of this County, in the reign of
King Charles the Second) son and heir of y'^ R'. Hon''''=.
S''. Ralph Winwood, Kn'. principal Secretary of State to
King Charles the First. He married Anne, one of the
daughters of S'. Thomas Read, of the County of Darks,
Kn'. and departed this life y''. 28 day of June, Anno
Dom'. 1 688, in the 80'^ year of his age.
Here lyes, also, interred the body of the said Anne,
who departed this life y^ P'. day of May, Anno Dom.
1691.
On the verge of the tomb ;
This monument was erected at the charge of the
above-said M''. Winwood, in memory of her dear hus-
band, A. D. 1691.
Below, on the side of the tomb, near the base :
Here also lyes interred in y^ vault three nieces of y'^
above-mentioned M". Winwood, viz.: Elizabeth, Susan-
nah, and Martha-Rachael, daughters of Sir Gilbert
Cornewall, Kn'. and Baron of Burford, co. Salop.
On a large shield, in the centre of the tomb :
Quarterly 1. Arg. a cross botone Sab. 2. Arg. three
fleurs-de-lis S. 3 as 2, 4 as 1 ; impaling, quarterly 1
and 4 Gu. a saltire between 4 garbs Or, 2 and 3 Arg. a
cross flory Gu. Crest: On a marquess's coronet a
phoenix rising.^
The crest as here described, is also at the top
of the monument, above the inscription.^
Over the monument is a richly-ornamented
canopy, painted, carved, and gilt ; part of a pair of
gauntlets, an old iron helmet, and a tattered ban-
ner, were also suspended here; but the large ban-
ner, pennons, and two achievements, being decayed
have been taken away."
On the north side of the chancel, is a fine
monument for Judge Dormer, his wife, and son ;
the latter lying on a mattress, in articulo mortis.
The Judge in his ermined robes and full-bottomed
wig, stands with great dignity at the head, his
right hand pointing to the emaciated figure of his
son, his left hand on his side, robes thrown back,
and unfortunately displaying, through almost
transparent drapery, the shape of his leg and knee,
as plainly, as if without any under garment, not-
withstanding the full official dress, band, ruffles,
and periwig which (though marble wigs have
afforded much mirth) are all exquisitely sculp-
tured. At the feet of the recumbent statue, a
female on one knee, in an agony of grief, with-
drawing from her disordered countenance a hand-
kerchief wet with tears. These statues are of full
size, on a sarcophagus supported by immense
eagle's claws, on a basement of black marble,
enclosed with palisadoes, the interspace paved
with alternate lozenges of grey and black marble.
Behind the statue is a lofty arch of veined
marble, between Corinthian pilasters, supporting
1 Sir Thomas Cornewall, Knt. ancestor of Sir Gilbert, was Baron of Burford and a Knight Banneret, and married Anne,
daughter of Sir Richard Corbet, Knt. died at Acton (co. Middlesex, qu.?) returning from London, and has a monument
there recording his marriage ; and that he died, 19 Aug. 1537. [Weaver's Funeral Monuments.]
- Willis describes, two pennons above the surcoat of Winwood, with these Arms : Quarterly 1 and 4 Arg. a cross botony
S. 2 and 3 Arg. three fleurs-de-lis S. and on the achievement party per fess and pale. 1. Erm.a lion rampant Gu.
within a bordure S. entoire of bezants. 2. Sab. on a bend Arg. three mullets of the field. 3. Sab. a bend fusile Arg.
4. Barry of six Arg. and Az. 5. Or a lion ramp. Az. 6. Paly of six Or and S. 7. Gu. within a double tressure fleury
centre fleury three garbs Or. 8. Barry of ten Ar. and Az. ten martlets Gu. 9. Or. three escutcheons, each barry of four
Gu. and Vaire. 10. Gu. a bend fusile Or. 11. Arg. on a chev. Az. three crosses patee fitche of the field. 12. Sab. three
garbs Arg. 13. Or. three piles Gu. a canton Vaire. 14. Or. a fess Gu. 15. Paly of six Arg. and S. three bars Gu.
16. Barry of six Or. and Az. a bend Gu. 17. Or. on a chevron S. three martlets of the field. 18. Gu. a chevron Erm.
19. Vaire Ar. and S. a canton Gu. 20. Gu. three eagles displayed Arg. 21. Quarterly 1. Or. a lion passant gardant S.
2. Gu. a leopard's face Or. 3 as 2. 4 as 1. 22. Gu. a chev. between three escalops Arg. 23. Bendy nebula of six Ar.
and Az. on a chief Gu. three bezants. 24. Gu. within a bordure indented a lion ramp. Or. 25. Paly of six Or. and Az.
on a fess Gu. three mullets Arg. 26. Arg. on a bend S. three eagle's heads coup^ Or. [Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl.
428
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
a rich cornice and entablature. In the tym-
panum a shield with the arms of Dormer. Under
the arch in relievo, Seraphim .in the clouds, of
white marble on a black and gold ground, above
the apex of a pyramid of white marble, beautiful-
ly polished, based on the sarcophagus :—
Interred in one Vault, in the middle of the Church,
lye the Bodies of the Honourable Robert Dormer,
Esq. of Lee-Grange, in this Parish, late one of the Jus-
tices of the Court of Common- Pleas, at Westminster ; as
also of Mary, his Wife, the Daughter of Sir Richard
Blake, Kn'. deceased the 16"\ of March, 1728; and of
Fleetwood Dormer, Esq. their only Son, who died the
2P'. June, 1726, in the 30"'. year of his age: — a young
gentleman of great merit, and yet gi-eater expectations ;
of an excellent good disposition of mind, and perfectly
well accomplished ; who had rendered himself most dear
to his friends and relations, but chiefly to his parents,
whom he left inconsolable ; insomuch that his Father
unable to support himself under so great a grief of mind
survived but few months, deceasing on the 1 8"'. of Sep-
tember, in the 77"'. year of his age, and of the Christian
^ra, 1726.
The said Robert Dormer, was the second son of John
Dormer, of Lee-Grange, Esq. being a branch of theancient
and noble family of the Dormers, who have long flourished
in this County, for which he had the honour t'l be cho-
sen twice a Representative in Parhament, as also once for
the Borough of Aylesbury, and several times for Northal-
lerton, in Yorkshire, till such time that he was advanced to
the Honourable Bench ; which post he filled with great
learning and integrity, during the space of about twenty
years, enjoying it to the end of his life. By the death
of his elder Brother Sir John Dormer, and his Nephew Sir
William Dormer, Baronets, without issue male, the Estate
at Lee-Grange, devolved upon him, and is now descended
to his four daughters, Mary, Catharine, Elizabeth married
to the Honourable Sir John-Fortescue Aland, of Knowls-
Hill, in the County of Essex, Kn'. and one of the Justices
of the Court of Common-Pleas, and Ricarda, the wife of
John Parkhurst, of Catesby, in the County of Northamp-
ton, Esq. Besides these, he had also a son and two
daughters, who died in their Infancy.
On the pyramid :
This monument was begun by the direction of Mary
Dormer, his widow, in her lifetime, but she dying before
the same was finished, it is now erected (but at her sole
expence) and consecrated by the daughters and their
husbands, to the Memory of their dearest Father, Mother,
and Brother. Anno Dom. 1731.
On a small sepulchral slab in the floor of the
chancel, below the arms of Dormer, with a cres-
cent charged with a label for difference :
Talium est Regnum Dei.
Fleetwood Dormer, eldest son of Robert Dormer, Esq',
by Mary his wife, daughter and co-heir of Sir Richard
Blake, lyes here interred. He begann this mortall life
the 6"'. day of August, in the year of our Lord, 1693,
and exchanged y" light of this world for that which is
eternall, on the 9"'. day of June, 1695.
Quicunque non exceperit regnum Dei
ut puerulus nequaquam in id
ingrediatur.
On a white marble, below the arms of Dormer,
in a lozenge :
H. S. E.
Anna Dormer Fiha honorabihs Viri Roberti Dormer
Armig. et Marise uxoris ejus : obiit Anno Domini
MDCCVL die Junii xvi. setatis sua; mense decimo octavo.
Corpus terr£B mandatum
Anima Deo reddita.
Satis vixit
cum decessit in Domino.
In the middle of the chancel towards the west
end, bcdow the half-length portrait of a female, on
a brass plate, as here represented :
3fi sigt 3ofjane IJlejsIj
iiculic galmctit mcc.
1 No account whatsoever is perserved respecting- tliis Lady. May it be conjectured that she was one of the family of
Plessetis, ancestors of the Missendens, from whom the latter derived their estates and became connected with this Church
and Manor. [See p. 395; also Missenden, and Family Pedigree.]
QUAINTON.
429
On another brass, be-
low the effigies of a female
in a close plain di-ess, with
a ruff, were formerly the
following words in Roman
capitals, but the plate is
now gone; having, hke
many other brasses, suf-
fered great injury from
the injudicious use of the
chancel as a school for
children, without pro-
perly guarding those
sepulchral memorials ;
some of which, both
effigies and inscriptions,
are so nearly obliterated
as to have scarcely a ves-
tige remaining. _
Heare liethe the body of Elyzabeth Chester, that was
Wyfe to John Chester, G'. 26 yeares 8 monethes and 15
dayes, and died the 7 of Aprill, 1393, without ishew
lyvinge.
On another brass, the
figure of a man ; at the
corners of the slab, two
shields, with armorial
bearings : On a chief
two mullets with a cres-
cent, in base a saltire (the
arms of Iwardby). In
the old letter :
Of y^ charitie pray for the soule of Richard Iwardby,
con of the sonnes of Nichas. Iwardby, which decessed
the XV day of Juyll the yer of o' Lord m.c". x. on whose
soule Jhu have m''cy.
On a large brown slab, near the steps to the
communion table, some few words remain of the
following inscription .
In spem beatae resurrectionis
hie jacet corpus Patrici Symmer
Scoto Britanni
qui vitam egit coelibem
nee non per spatium triginta et
quatuor annorum hujuscae Eccl^^
fuit Rector. Coelestem occupavit
portum 22" Januarii, 1691, setatis suae.
LXXV.
On the north side of the chancel is a large
architectural monument ; its base being divided
into two principal compartments, with a recess
between them. On the pediment weeping cherubs
reclining their heads against fluted urns, with gilt
flames issuant. Between them, above the recess,
these arms, in nine quarterings :
1. Dormer, with a mullet in dexter chief.
2. Gu. between three fishes (qu. Chub?) naiant Arg.
on a chevron of the last three choughs. S. on a chief
Arg. three escalops of the field, Dorre or Chobbs-
3. Or three fleurs-de-lis Az. Collingridge.
4. Purpure, flanches, party per fess in chief Or. a lion
ramp, in base cheque Az. and Arg. counterchanged.
Arundell.
5. Arg. three martlets Gu. on a chief engrailed of the
last three annulets Or. BahUngton, qu. ?
6. Arg. three wolves passant in pale S. Lovett.
7. Per pale nebule of four pieces Or. and Az. three
martlets in pale counterchanged. Fleetwood.
8. Gu. a fess wavy Arg. in chief three piles wavy is-
suant from the top of the shield. Isham.
M.'S.
Hie jacet
Quantum virtutis vivere !
Quantum pietatis mori !
Potuit
Fleetwoodus Dormer De Lee-Grange Eques, Petri
Dormer et Margaritas Thomae Fleetwood Armigeri
Filiae ex illustri Familia Fleetwoodorum de Chalfont in
Agro Buckffi. Proles unica Conjugem duxit Mariam
Filiam Eusebii Isham de Isham in comitatu NorthafS.
ex Ordine Equestri
Ex hac
Filiorum Fiharumq ; vicenario Numero
Pater factus.
Postea non tarn fatis concessit
Sed qua dignus vixit Immortalitati
430
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Magnum hoc viventium exemplar et morientium
decus. Obiit primo Februarii An. D. 1 638 :
setatis su£e 68.
Gratitndinis ergo Hoc Monumentum pie posuit
Filius natu maximus Johannes Dormer.
Above an ornamental cornice, the arms of
Dormer impaling Isham. On the dexter side
Dormer, with a mullet impaled with Arg. two
lions passant in fess Gules, Lygon : and barry of
eight Az. and Erm. surtout three annulets Or.
Harris. On the sinister side Dormer with a
mullet impaling Or. three bars S. surtout three
buck's heads cabossed, attired Or. Woodward.
On the dexter compartment of the base :
H. S. E.
Fleetwoodus Dormer Miles
De Arle-Court in Argo Glocestriensi
Fleetwood! Dormer iEquitis Aurati Filius natu max.
Latine, GrcTce, Hebraice doctus
Bcllo Civili partes et fidem secutus est
In Virginiii, Ameriese Regione aliquandiu sedem fixit
In Matrimoniam duxit Catherinam Lygon
Filiam et Coharedem Johannis Lygon Annigeri
Eaq; defuncta, Mariam Harris:
Sed in utroq; conjugio expers Liberorum.
Robertum Dormer ex fratre Nepotem
Heredem instituit
Decessit die xxvii August]
iEra; Christi mdcxcvi,
Annos Natus lxxxi.
On the sinister compartment :
H. S. E.
Johannes Dormer Armiger
de Lee-Grange in hac vicinia
Fleetwoodi Dormer Equitis Aurati Filius natu maximus
Vir Ingenio, Eruditionc, et Virtute prsestanti
Mores Urbesque multorum Hominum vidit.
In Senatorium Ordinem cooptatus;
Patriae Jura, Libertatem Rehgionemq;
egregie coluit et defendit.
Ex uxore Catharina
Thoma3 Woodward Armigeri Filia unica & Ila^rcde
Sex Liberos suscepit
Johannem; Robertum, Fleetwoodum,
Mariam, Catharinam, Annam.
Obiit die xxii Maii Ann. Christ, jidclxxix.
Betatis sure lxviii.
On the central compartment, these words ;
Robertus Dormer Arm. Memoria' Patris et Patrui de
se optime meritorum INIarmora ha'C consecravit : Honoris
Pietatisq. causa.
On a plain white stone, within the communion
rails, on the south side :
H. S. E.
Galfridus Ekins, Galfridi Ekins, hujus Eeclesise Pastoris
et Annse Uxoris Filius : Mortem obiit infans Anno 1770.
Heu ! Spes abruptas breves !
In the floor of the chancel, an escutcheon of
white marble, with the arms of Pifjot, impaling
Harrington. Below, two slips of marble, with
the following words :
Here lyeth y" body of Here lyeth y*' body of
Richard Pigot, Esq. eldest Margery Pigot, daughter,
son of S'. Richard Pigot, of S'. Richard Pigot, of
of Dothershall, Kn*. by Dothershall, Kn'. by Dame
Dame Anne his wife, eld- Anne his wife, eldest
est daughter of S". Edward daughter of S''. Edward
Harrington Baronet, who Harrington, Baronet, who
died at the age of six weeks died at the age of 18 weeks
A.D.I 634. A.D.I 642.
On a mural tablet, on the south side, within
the rails:
In the floor beneath this stone lie interred, the mortal
remains of the Rev. Bladon Downing, LL, B. '20 years
Rector of this Church, who died August 12"'. 1817,
aged 74.
Also, of Charlotte-Elizabeth, daughter of the above.
She died Sept'. 3''. 1803, aged 23.
On another mural tablet, on the north side of
the chancel :
Beneath this stone lieth the body of
Margaret I^ittlehales,
who died at the Rectory-House here, Aug. 7'\ 1819,
aged 81 years. She was the daughter of Sir Crisp
Gascoyne, Kn'. Lord Mayor of the City of London, in
1753. She was first married to James Vernon, Esq. of
Beerchurch-Hall, in Essex; and afterwards to the Rev''.
Joseph Laurentius Littlehales, LL.D. Rector of Gren-
don-Underwood, and Curate of the consolidated Per-
petual Curacy of Brill and Boarstall, in this county.
On a mural tablet, on the north side of the
chancel, over the door opening into the Free-
School, and above the last-described ;
Anns. Gu. two lions combatant Or. between them, a
gauntlet Arg. King : impaling Arg. billete S. a fess in-
dented of the last.
In the Family \'ault of
William Pigott, Esq''.
lie the mortal remains of Mary,
QUAINTON.
431
Relict of the Rev''. William King,
Rector of Mallow, and the united
Parishes of Carrigand-Rahan, in Ireland.
She died at Doddershall-Park,
January the S"*. 1823.
In memory of the Virtues of a beloved
Parent, this Tablet is inscribed
by her affectionate daughter
Anne Pigott.
On another mural tablet, of white marble, in
gold letters, with a leaf of holly sculptured, and
surrounded with this motto:
Aspettiano il tempo fehce.
In Memory of
Charlotte,
wife of Grenville Pigott, of Doddershall-Park, in the
County of Bucks, and youngest daughter of Edw"*. Long,
Esq. of Hampton-Lodge, in the County of Surrey.
She died at Torquay, March 20'". 1823, aged 21.
Possessed of every charm and Virtue that could exalt or
endear. She was taken from a world she seemed formed
to grace, in the flower of youth and beauty.
He, who, in the short space of five months, received
her as his bride, and committed to the grave, as a last
sad tribute of devoted love, inscribes this tablet.
On a white marble, in the pavement. Arms:
Arg. a chevron between three cootes S. a mullet in
middle chief ; and below, the following inscription:
Here lyeth the body of Lettice, daughter of the
Hon''''. Thomas Coote, of Dublin, in Ireland, Esq', by
Dame Anne his wife. She departed this life, at Dod-
ders-Hall, April y"^ 7"'. 1693, aged 2 years and 11
months.^
On the north side, within the altar rails, is a
monument, consisting of a basement of veined
marble, on which is a large sarcophagus of Italian
black and yellow marble, between two lofty
Corinthian columns of beautiful Sicilian jasper,
supporting a cornice, frieze, &c. with the arms of
Pigot, and an escutcheon of pretence for Lovett.
Behind the sarcophagus, on a pyramid of white
marble :
Here lyeth in hopes of a blessed Resurrection,
S"^ Richard Pigott, of Doddershall, in this County,
Kn'. descended from the ancient family of the Pigotts, of
Whaddon, in this County. He married Ann, daughter
of S^ Edward Harrington, of Merton, in the County of
Oxon. Bar'. He died without issue in Aprill, 1685,
and Dame Ann his wife, in January, 1688.
Here lyeth also Thomas Pigott, of Doddershall, Esq".
Nephew and heir to the abovcmentiond S'. Richard
Pigott. He married Lettice, eldest daughter and co-
heiress to Robert Lovett, of Liscomb, in this County,
Esq^ by whom he had issue two sons : both died in their
infancy.
He departed this life in March, 1704, in the 60"\
year of his age.
Lettice his widow, who lieth here also, died November
the 18'\ 1735, aged 84.
Within the rails, near the south wall, is the
effigy of a Priest, in brass,
and at his feet, the following words :
Quisquis eris qui transiens Sta plege plora
Sum q'' eris fueroq. es p'me precor ora. ^
1 The Hon. Thomas Coote, was third son of Sir Richard Coote, Knt. (afterwards Lord Colloony) by Mary his wife, sister
of George, first Baron St. George. He was of Coote-Hill, in the County of Cavan, and in 1693 a Justice of the King's
Bench in Ireland.
2 This distich occurs about the same period in South-Petherton Church, in Somersetshire, and many other places with
trivial alliterations. [CoUinson's Somersetshire, vol. iii. p. 112.
432
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
and on a fillet of brass, bordering the stone :
Hie jacet Magister Johes
Spence quondam Rector hujus ecclie de
Qwenton qui obiit vicesimo quito die
Mese Septebf. A° dni. m"cccc
Lxxxv" cuj aie ppciet Deus.
Near the steps to the communion table, on
a brass, below the figure of an ecclesiastic
kneelinff :
Hie jacet Dns Johes Lcwys, quond. Rector ecclie de
Quynton qui obiit ij''". die Novembr. A". Dui m''cccc°xxii"
cuj. ale ppiciet D\ ame.
The label proceeding from the mouth of tlie
effigy broken off.
On a brass, below the portrait of a female
kneeling, in a long gown, with square head-dress,
veil, and lappets, her hands devoutly pressed to-
gether :
Here lyeth buryed, under this stone, Maistres Mar-
gery Verney, late wyf to S". Rauff Verney, Knyght, &
con of the doughters & heires of Maisf". John Iwardby,
Squyer, sum tyme Lorde of this towne the whiche Mar-
gery decessed the xxiii day of Juyn the yere of o". lord
god MVLix on whose soule Jhu have mercy, Amen.
Below are effigies of one son and three daugh-
ters, and at the corners were four shields, of which
two only remain; one of them Verney in chief
Whytingham in base ; the other, Verney, Iwardby,
Whytingham, and Missenden, quarterly.
On a black marble, in the pavement :
Here lyeth the body of John Dormer, the son of Sir
John Dormer of Lee-Grange, Knight and Baronet, by
Dame Susanna his wife, one of the daughters and co-
heires of Sir Richard lirawne, of Alscot, in the County
of Glocester, Knight. He departed this mortall Ufe the
fifth day of January, in the yeare of our Lord 1666, being
aged seven months.
On the south side of the chancel, is a mural
monument, with one very large tablet, two
smaller of black marble, and busts of a man in an
embroidered vest, with a large wig ; and a lady
with braided hair. At the top, the arms of Dormer
Bart, impaling Brawne, viz:
Or three bars S. in dexter ch. a dragon's head erased,
in a canton. Motto : Ch. iddio Vuole in Vuolo.
Under the bust of Lady Dormer :
Pr.t.ivi.
Under that of Sir John :
Sequar.
On a small tablet:
In Memoriam perpetuam ineomparabiUs Optimae
moerentis et prsccharissimse uxoris suae et hberorum
suorum indulgentissimae matris cum ingenti amore et
admiratione virtutum eius hoc monumentum pie posuit
lugens.
Maritus Moestissimus.
On the large tablet : ,
Memoria Justae i^^^ternte.
Hie juxta sita est Susanna Domina Dormer filia et co-
haeres Richardi Brawne de Alscott in comitatu Gloces-
triensi Equitis Aiu-ati et conjux dilectissima Johannis
Dormer de Lee-Grange in hae Parocha de Quainton
Equitis Aurati et Baronetti Filii natu maximi Johannis
Dormer de Lee-Grange Armigeri et Catherinae uxoris
sua3 unicte fihae et hteredis Thomas Woodward de Ripple
in Agro Vigorniensi Armigeri qui sui etiam ipsius cineres
hie reponendos curavit, qui unanimo convixerant, uno
tumulo recumbent. Prolem habuerant duos fihos et
duasfihas, xddelicet; Johannem et Susannam, GuUelmum
et Catharinam, in quibus reUquit ilia tantum superstites
Gulielmum et Susanna, quinto die post Catharine par-
tum ad infandum Mariti sui dolorem heu! animam ex-
piravit: ab omnibus dilecta et deplorata: quas dum
vixit pietate in Deum obsequio in parentes, amore in
maritum, indulgentia in liberos, humilitate gratiosa mo-
rumque, suavitate et charitate in omnes singulari aliis-
que laudandis virtutibus excelluit: super omnia in ex-
tremis certa spe et fiducia Regni Ccelestis miraque
Christiana constantia et alacritate praedita spiritum
ultimum in manus Dei ut Creatoris et Redemptoris sui
fidehssimi, cum ardentissimis votis et precibus reddidit
apud Richmondiam in Comitatu Surriae vigessimo quarto
QUAINTON.
433
die Februarii, cujus corpus faelicis animfe charissimum
pignus in diem Resurrectionis hie repositum est decimo
tertio die Martii proximi sequente, Anno Domini Salva-
toris, Millesimo sexcenteasimo septuagesimo secundo :
Anno ietatis suae trigesimo quinto et dulcissimi conju-
galis eonsortii un decimo.
Hie te (chara Susanna) locat sub marmore duro
Consortis Thalami cura dolorque tui :
Ut cum nostra tuis sicentur lumina damnis
Contribuant guttas saxo vel ipsa suas ;
Quippe hie casta Fides, Pietas, Concordia, Virtus :
Omnia sunt uno contumulata loco.
On a small compartment below :
Praeivit conjux charissima : Sequitur maritus mcEstis-
simus Dn'. Joannes Dormer Eques et Baronettus : Vir
probitate clarus, cunctisque dilectus nunc ccelitibus
annumeratus. Obiit Ligorniae in ItaUa, Novemb, 7'"°.
et hie infra sepultus est Feb'". 23"°. A. D. 1675.
OiN $IAEI 0EOS AnOeNSKEF NEOS.
On the border of white marble :
Solus Christus. Sola Salus.
'TJ In Patria mea ^ m Cito cadit
3 Patriscaelestis "3 Caduca vita. ^
" Gloriosa vivo. la ^
et
Dor-
me venire te Mea spes
Under the bust of Dame Sususanna :
Pr^ivi.
Under the bust of Sir John Dormer :
SEQUAR.
On the dexter bracket, a shield of arms :
mer, Bart, quartering Woocbvm-d.
On the sinister bracket: Or three bars S. in a
canton Arg. a wolf's head erased S. Brawne.
In the floor on a black marble :
In this Vault is interred the Body of the Virtuous and
Religious Susanna Lady Dormer, who most piously left
this transitory life, the 24*. day of February, Anno
Domini 167|.
Here wayl'd by weeping marble and our eyes.
The dearest wife of S^ John Dormer lyes
Belov'd of all, but love cannot retrive
Dead Friends, 't has pow'r to kill not make alive.
Here also lyeth interred the body of Sir John Dormer,
of Lee-Grange, in the County of Bucks. Kn'. and Bar"',
who died at Leghorn, in Italy,i Nov'', the 7*. and was
buryed Feb^. 23". 1675.
Hie jacet
Corpus Gulielmi Dormer Baronetti qui obiit coelebs sine
prole nono die Martii Anno Domi. 1725, setatis suae 57.
Near the last described, is a slab; the inscription
obliterated, but supposed to have been for John
Dormer, Esq. father of Sir John Dormer, Knt.
and Bart.
In 1791, when the body of Robert Dormer, Esq.
of St. Margaret's, Westminster, was deposited in
the family vault, a copper plate was found, with
the following words :
In God Almighty and in Jesus Christ is everlasting life.
Blessed are the dead that die in the Lord.
John Dormer.^
On the north side of the chancel is an achiev-
ment for Sophia, wife of William Pigott, Esq. of
Doddershall, who died in London, and was buried
at St Mary-le-bone. Arms of Pigott, of Chetwyn,
quartering Pigot, of Doddershall, and impaling
Wollesley. Motto : Viret sub umbra virtus.
On the south side is a mural monument with a
recess, in which are effigies in alabaster, painted,
kneeling; the two principal figures at a desk, with
their children, of both sexes, respectively behind
them. On the dexter side, a Divine in his habit,
with short hair, grey or powdered, and with a
large quilled ruff. The desk covered with a green
carpet fringed with gold. Six sons behind the
I Tradition reports that, Sir John Dormer, after the death of his Lady, remaining in Italy, was repeatedly disturbed by
dreams of seeing his beloved wife floating in water; and came over to England to open the family vault, in which he
found the coffin exactly as represented in his sleep. The story is wild enough, but not altogether improbable, as the soil
is a tenacious clay and liable to retain humidity ; moreover, on the same vault having been opened in 1791,' the super-
stitious tale seemed to be, in some degree corroborated, for, although the water had been drained off, the leaden coffin only
was left to enclose the lady's remains, the exterior one being entirely decayed and gone.
VOL. I. 3 K
434
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
male, four daughters behind the female. The
recess has on each side pilasters of black marble
with white bases, and capitals supporting a broken
pediment, pieces of needlework ornamenting the
walls of the closet which the recess represents.
On a shield of arms at the top :
Arms : Or, Between 5 cross crosslets fitche a lion
ramp. Gules. Crest : On a cap of maintenace, a lion
passant gardant.
On a small tablet of black marble in the centre
of the frieze :
TOv ayojva tov koXov HywyKT/ial
TOV dpOfiOV TCTiXlKa, TIU) TTigiV
TtTHpiKU AoiTTOV aTTOKtlTalflOl
giKciioaliollf; ftipavoc ip rile ov airooiixjei
ixoi 6 Kupioc ii' £k:£(1'H tII Ufitpai,
o SiKdior KipiTUij.
On a large tablet, below the recess, in capitals
Beatse Memoria.
Viri tarn Doctrina quam pietate eximi linguis, Latina,
Grseca, Ha?braica, Chaldaica, Syriaca, Arabica, iEthio-
pica, ad criticismu usq; periti vernaculse Bibliom. Edi-
tionis Novissimae, pariter et accuratissimse auctoris inter
nominatiss. conspicui pastoris occulatiss. verbi Divini
praecoris maxime seduli, mariti fidelissimi conjimctiss.
propinqui in agustiis proximi divitib'. et pauperib'.
peraeq. cbari. De Eeelesia Deo laborib". privatis et pub-
licis optime meriti Richardi Brett SS'^. Theol. Doctoris
Digniss. huj'. Ecelessiae per 42 Annos Rectoris Vigilen-
tiss'. qui per mortis corporalis januam ad ed. vita3 seternse
progressus est atrium, An". iEtatis suae 70.
Hoc Monumentum moerens dicavit charissima ejus per
39 annos. Thori conjugalis consors Alicia Brett, A". D'.
1637.
Optimum Monumentum Pastoris Grex.
Infallitur inclusum subjectum pulvere Brettum
Qui cogitat Christo vivit et usq ; viret.
Insteed of weeping marble, weepe for him
All ye his flock, whom he did strive to winn
To Christ, to Lyfe, so shall you duly sett
The most desired stone on Doctor Brett.
Near the communion rails is a brown slab, from
which has been effaced the following inscription : '
Loe here he lies that most did passe
Yet would not be but where he was.
Richard Brett, D. D. Rector of this Church 42 years,
who died April 13'". 1 637, A", ^t. 70.
On another slab, was also formerly this inscrip-
tion :
Here lyeth buried Anne, the daughter of Edmund
Hoogan, of Hackney, Esq. and wife of Calibute Douning,
of Shennington, in Gloucestershire, Esq. who died at
Quainton, the 8"'. of December, A. D. 1630.
On a mural tablet of stone, affixed to the north
side of the church, exteriorly :
Near this Place are interred, in their Family ^"ault, the
Remains of Ann, daughter of Robert and Ann Terry, de-
parted this life March 16"'. 1751, aged 16 years.
Ann, the wife of Robert Terry, and mother of the above
Ann, departed this Ufe May 16"'. 1752, aged 45 years.
Robert Terry, husband of the said Ann, departed this
life Dec'. 30"'. 1754, aged 53 years.
1 Willis's MSS.
2 The translators of this edition were forty-seven in number, Dr. Brett was then of Lincoln College. They were divided
into six companies.
QUAINTON.
335
Edward, son of Edward and Mary Terry, and grandson
of the above Robert and Ann Terry, departed this life
Feb^ 26'\ 1767, aged 7 years.
Close to the Winwood aisle, is a vault, en-
closed with iron palisadoes, and on a mural
tablet of blue stone, with cornice and pediment :
In spe Beatse Resurrectionis, quiescit Infra hunc Tu-
mulum sua cura sibi suisq; dum apud vivos fuit extructum
(inter charos at heu ! brevis sevi Liberos Annam Win-
woodum Georgium) Benjamin Archer S. T. B. Hujus
EcclesijE per quadraginta annos Rector. Qualis fuerat
Hodierni Vieiniam consulant, Priam omnibus indicabit
Supremus Dies. Anna Uxor fidelis, mcesta defuncti.
Vidua nee non Filii quotquot sunt superstites Benjamin,
Gilbertus-Edwardus,Thomas,optime de semeriti nunquam
immemores nunquam satis memores futuri Pietatis et
Officii ergo. Hanc qualemeumq ; Tabulam communiter
posuerint.
Obdormivit in Christo xx Die Augusti Anno Salutis
MDccxxxii ^'Etatis suae lxxxi.
On a mural tablet, affixed to the east end of
of the chancel :
Erected in memory of the Hughes's Family in the Lane,
who lie near this Place.
Elizabeth, wife of Peter Hughes, died Sept. 20"'. 1769,
Aged 45 years.
Blessed are the dead that died in the Lord.
On a plain grave stone, near the south-east
angle of the chancel :
Near this place
are interred the remains of
M^ JAMES LISPCOMB,
Surgeon,
Who in the early part of his life
served in the Royal Navy;
was present in several memorable
Engagements
by Sea;
and at the Sieges of
Pondicheri-y and Manilla
in the East Indies :
always conducting himself
with Honour and Credit.
In the practise of the
Profession
which, for near thirty years,
he followed
in this Parish,
his Integrity and Humanity
were generally acknowledged,
and he has left behind him
the Character of
an honest Man!
He died December the 29th, 1794, aged 64.
THE REGISTER
begins with a memorandum, that in 1599, Mr. Richard Brett was Parson, John Fox, Curate, Andrew
Hawkins and W". Webster, Church-wardens ; is continued regularly (excepting the burials in 1563)
and besides numerous entries to which references have been made in this work, in the family pedigrees
of Pigot, Dormer, Throckmorton, and others, contains the following notices :
Baptisms :
Thomas, son of Sir Tho. Pigott, bap. at Hogshaw
7 Aprill, 1611.
Richard, son of Mr. Tho. Waynman, 21 Jan. 1615.
Thomas, son of Mr. Thos. Waynman, 22 Dec. 1616.
Thomas, son of Mr. Tho. Cranwell, 22 Dec. 1616.
Gilbert, son of Tho. Cranwell, 12 Dee. 1619.
Adam, son of Tho. Cranwell, 2.3 Jan. 1622.
Calibute, son of Calibute Downing, the younger, and
Margarett his wife, 3 Oct. 1628.
Elizabeth, their daughter, 9 May, 1630.
Ann, their daughter, 4 Mar. 1631.
Jane, their daughter, 24 June, 1636.
Willam, son of Mr. Wm. Herbert, born 8 Oct. about
11 o'clock at night, and was baptised the 15th of the
same month, by the Minister of Quainton.
Anne, daughter of Wm. Pauncefoote, of London, and
Mary his wife, daughter of Mr. Beverley, 6 Aug. 1648.
George, son of Benjn. Archer, Rector, 21 June, 1699
Charles Stonestreet, son of Will"'. Stonestreet, Rector
of S'. Stephen's, Walbrook, 23 April, 1711.
Marriages :
M^ Tho. Waynman and M"^. Frances Abraham, 7
Feb. 1614.
Humphrey Chambers and Anne Brett, 24 Feb. 1624.
436
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Sarah Beverley, his daughter, 2 Sept'. 1649.
M". Martha Cornwall, 1 Jan. 1673.
M'^. Susan Cornwall, 21 June, 1675.
Robert Harvey, Esq. 27 Sept. 1676.
Richard Winwood, Esq. 11 July, 1688.
Jane Harvey, widow of Robert Harvey, Esq. 10 Dee.
1679.
Patrick SjTnmer, Rector, 28 Jan. 1692.
James Price, 26 April, 1692.
Ann Archer, 14 Oct. 1700.
Anne Winwood, widow of Richard Winwood, Esq. 26
Dec. 1700.
The Honourable Robert Dormer, Esq. one of the
Judges of the Common Pleas, at Westminster, 21 Mar.
1728.
M''. James Price, of St. Giles's in the Fields, in co.
Middlesex, Coach-Maker, 1729.
M''. Benj. Archer, Rector of this Parish Church of
Quainton, was buried in his vault, on the north side of
the church of Quainton, adjoining to Denham Aisle,
Annoq. Dom. 1732.
Robert Dormer, Esq. of St. Margaret's, Westminster,
4 July, 1791.
Calybute Downing and Margarett Brett, 2 Dec. 1627.
Henry Askworth (or Ashurst) and Susan Downing,
11 Sep. 1628.
Sir Thomas Tirril and Lady Bridgett Gore, 28 Aug.
1662.
Richard Ridding, of Hardwick, and Mary Hughes, of
Quainton, 6 Mar. 1673.
Burials:
Sir Christopher Piggott, of Doddershall, Knt. who
departed out of this world, 24 Oct. 1613, between 8 and
9 o'clock in the afternoon, and was buried at Hogshaw,
26 of same month.
Anne, wife of Calibute Downinge, the elder, 10 Dec.
1630.
M'. Rich''. Piggott died here, and was buried at Grin-
don, between January and March 1636-7.
M'. Rich''. Brett, Doctor of Divinity, Parson here,
died the 70"'. year of his age, and was buried 18 April
1637.
John, son of M^ Ellis Beverley, Beef or, 27 May, 1638.
M"^. Alice Brett, widow of D^ Brett, 8 June 164.3-
WiUiam Beverley, son of Ellis Beverley, Rector, 19
May, 1645.
In the clmrcb-yard near the Lynch Gate, its entrance from the village, was formerly an elm tree,
remarkable for its size, beauty, and age, its branches spreading from the tower of the church over
part of the almshouses. Its trunk, long become hollow and decayed, was blown down in a tempest,
10 Nov. 1810, when its dimensions were,^girth, thirty-three feet; height to the principal branches,
twenty feet; to the top, forty-five feet. The sound limbs contained 100 feet of timber ; the trunk,
a mere shell, covered with warty excrescences, had a bench round it on which fifty ])ersons might be
seated. It was the ancient and invariable custom, when a corpse was brought for interment, to rest,
(as it was termed) under this tree, before it was carried into the church. Its fiill, insignificant in
itself, was viewed with emotions of regret by many who had gazed with admiration upon its magni-
tude, under whose shade the sports of childhood and the infirmities of age had found a friendly
shelter, and the remains of their neighbours and relations a solemn pause on their passage to the
tomb : which, therefore, inspired a degree of respect approaching to religious feeling. Another
beautiful elm, of still greater height, northward of the former, was, a few years afterwards, though
one of the most pleasing ornaments of the vicinage, sacrificed to avarice or want of taste by the then
incumbent.
A. D. 1554, Amy Carey, wife of Xpr. Cary, willed to be buried in Quainton Church, where her late husband,
Henry Cooper, was buried. She calls herself of Shipton-Lee.'
Some brief notices of the family of Gary, or Carye, are found in the Rolls. In 1548, the King granted to
Richard Randall certain messuages and tenements in the occupation of Christopher Carye and Anne (qu. ?) his wife,
in Queynton, formerly given to maintain an anniversary in this church.^ In 1553, the King granted (inter al.) to
Edward Cooper, Clk. and Valentine Fayrwether, Citizen and Haberdasher, of London, an annual rent of three
pounds of wax ; and services given for the maintenance of a light in Qucnton Church, issuant out of lands and tene-
ments late belonging to John Taylour, in Quenton, in free soccage, &c.- and in 1553, Queen Mary granted to
Re-ist. of Wills, 37 Moore.
Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl.
QUAINTON. 437
Thomas Reve and George Cotton (who about the same time obtained numerous grants from the Crown) certain
tithes in Shipton-Lee, in the occupation of John Carye, and late belonging to the Minoresses, without London.^
In Harl. MSS. G840 Plut. 43 F. p. 1. is an original will of Rob. Harvey, of Quainton, Esq. who bequeaths to
Susan his wife messuages and lands in Clerkenwell for life, with rem', to John Harvey, Esq. his son, for life, rem"^.
over to Robert son of John and his heirs and assigns for ever; and lOOZ. to each of the four other sons of his son
John, to be paid when they respectively obtain twenty-one years : to Hugh Harvey his son, and John his son, and
Hugh his grandson, all his messuages, lands, &c. in Huntingdon, Houghton, Henkerley, and Alkonbury, co. Hunts,
to him and his heirs for ever ; that his son Robert receive all the profits, and retain in his hands 200Z. the first
that shall accrue, to the use of his son Hugh, to whom he bequeaths the same ; wills that out of the interest of the
first 200Z. be paid " to her" (sic) half yearly, till the principal be paid, which he directs to be done at the age of 21
years, or day of marriage •* and thenceforth that Robert shall continue to receive the rents and profits during the
minority of John, to be by him disposed of for the benefit of said John, and to pay the residue when John comes of
age, but if John dies a minor and s. p. then bequeaths the said legacy to testator's grandson Hugh, brother of John,
and his heirs for ever, yet giving to his son Robert like power to receive and dispose of profits during the minority
of Hugh. Bequeaths to Robert and Hugh, sons of his son Hugh, lOOZ. each, to be paid at 21 : to testator's
daughter, Susan Ayloffe, wife of Will. Ayloife, Gent. 300Z. to be paid into the hands of his son Robert, and so remain
till a purchase can be found, to be then settled on her and her heirs for ever, and interest to be paid intermediately
to her half yearly, the first at six mouths after his decease. Gives to his grandchild Susan, daughter of the afore-
said,— 200Z. to be paid when she comes of age, or on marriage, and the interest to be paid in the mean time to her
mother, towards the charge of her education, the first payment at the end of six months from his decease. Gives to
his daughter, Sarah Richardson, wife of Wm. R. Gent. 500Z. to remain in his executor's hands till a purchase can
be effected and settled on her and her heirs for ever, until which the interest to be paid half yearly, as in the other
cases. Gives to Will. Robert, and Susan Richardson, his grand-children, lOOZ. each, to be paid on their coming of
age, or being married respectively. Gives to Rob. Hervey his grandson, son of Robt. his son, 200Z. to be paid in
like manner to his grandchild Susan Harvey, daughter of his son Robert, lOOZ. to be paid as before. Bequeaths
to his son Robert H. Gent, his heirs and assigns for ever, aU his lands in Godmanchester : to his servants, John
Smith and Teage Marrow, bl. each. His plate and furniture of his house to his son's daughters, to be equally
divided between them. All other goods and chattels unbequeathed, he gives to his son, John Harvey, Esq. whom
he makes sole executor, and puts his hand and seal, 17 May, 1676. ROBt. HARVEY.^
Well written, but no witnesses names to probate.
Robert Harvey, Esq. of Quainton : [will dated 17 May, 1676 : buried at Quainton, 27 Sept. 1676.]=j=Susan.
John Hartey, Esq. === Hugh Harvey. =p Robert Harves-, of God-=j= Sarah, mar. to=j= Susan, mar. 10=^=
Exr.ofhisfather'swill,1676. | manchester, co. Hunts. | Wm. Richardson. | Wm. Ayloffe. |
Robert Harvey. Robeht. Susan. Will. R. Rob. R. Susan R. Susan.
PAROCHIAL CHARITIES,
A Sunday-school has been during several years established by subscription, for poor children of both sexes, and a
school-room built in the church-yard, on the north side, sixty-three feet long and twenty-three wide, which is well
attended.
Matthew Nash, a shepherd, left by will, dated in 1607, a rent-charge issuant out of two butts of land and a
tenement at Northend, to be distributed annually on Good Friday, in bread, to poor persons of Quainton, Wad-
1 Rot. Pat. 2 Ed. VI. Test. 12 Aug. "- Ibid. 7 Ed. VI. Test. 11 May.
'The same grant included Oving-Hill, in Waddesdon. See Rot. Pat. 1 Mar. Test. 21 June,
* Here seems to be some omission of the name of the legatee.
5 See page 436, amongst extracts from the Parish Register.
438 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
desdon, and Westcott, in equal proportions, at the discretion of the churchwardens in the churches of Quainton
and Waddesdon respectively. This was returned in 26 Geo. III. as usually only ahout 20s. per ann.^
An unknown benefactor gave lands Ij'ing dispersedly in the common fields, all sward excepting one yard land, to
repair the causeways and bridges leading to the church. These lands were, during many years, let for only 4Z. 10«.
per ami. subsequently advanced to 10/. but this bequest does not appear to have been included i-a the returns made
under the statute of 26 Geo. III.
THiomas Piqot, Esq. of Doddershall, in 1 704, gave a rent charge issuant out of his estate in Grendon Underwood,
to apprentice poor boys, natives of this parish, at the discretion of certain trustees; and in 1786, it was certified
that .300/. (partly) for the above purpose, had not been laid out in the purchase of lands, but charged on the estate
then in the possession of William Pigott, Esq. and pa\-meut duly made of 6/. per ami. to this parish, being at the
rate oifour pounds per cent, per ann.-
The following is a Copy of an Exemplification of the Deed of Charitable Bequest by Thomas Pigott, of Dod-
dershall, Esq. to the Parishes of Quainton and Grendon-Underwood : — found amongst the papers of the late
Rev. Francis Gresley, L. L. B. Rector of Grendon-Underwood, and deUvered by my Father, in his own autograph,
to the officiating minister of Quainton, where there had not been previously, as was asserted, any written document
respecting this charity.
" Tho^ Pigott, Esq^ of Doddershall, did by deed charge upon his estate at Grendon-Underwood four thousand pounds for
difterent purposes ; tliree hundred of which he gave upon trust to the Reverend Benjamin Archer, Ralph Patetield, William
Butterfield, and Samuel Harrison, to purchase lands in the county of Bucks, or elsewhere, as near to one of the said parishes
of Quainton and Grendon-Underwood as may be, and the rents and profits thereof shall, for ever hereafter, be applied to
the placing and putting out and binding poor children, born within the said parishes of Quainton and Grendon-Under-
wood, to be apprenticed. And the design and intention of the said Thomas Pigott is, that when the said Samuel- Harrison
and William Butterfield, or the survivor of them, if then living, or dead, their respective successors as shall be rectors for
the time being, shall choose another trustee or trustees in the room or place of the said Samuel Harrison and William
Butterfield respectively, and so toties quoties as the said trustees or either of them so to be nominated or chosen, shall
happen to die. It being the intent and meaning of the said Thomas Pigott that the said Benjamin Archer and Ralph
Patefield, and their respective successors for ever hereafter, together with such trustee and trustees as they, after the death
of the said Samuel Harrison and William Butterfield, shall appoint, and have the nomination of such person or persons as
shall for ever hereafter have the benefit of this charity, and they to have the putting out, nominating, placing, and binding,
or causing to be bound, of such poor children apprentices, as shall be born within the said parishes of Quainton and
Grendon-Underwood aforesaid, according to the intention of this charitable donation, which is designed by the said Thomas
Pigott, as a lasting monument of his kindness to the poor of the said parishes of Quainton and Grendon-Underwood, and
as a relief and provision for the poor inhabitants thereof, and their posterity. In witness whereof the said Thomas Pigott
hath hereunto set his hand and seal, the 10th day of April, in the third year of the reign of our Sovereign Lady Queen
Anne, over England, &c. Anno Domini 1704.
THOMAS PIGOTT, L S."
John Eflt's, of Quainton, yeoman, gave by will, dated 1777, an annual rent charge of twenty shillings, payable
out of certain lands in Quainton, to ptuchase forty loaves of bread, to be distributed at the parish church to poor
persons, on Sunday next after Christmas-day for ever.
Mar?/ Eeles, widow (of the above-mentioned John Eeles), by her will, dated 1780, bequeathed thirty shillings /^er
ann. payable out of North-End Closes for ever, to be disti'ibuted in bread, in the same manner and on the same day
with the benefaction of her late husband,
Thomas Staj)p, Schoolmaster and Parish Clerk, gave " a large book" \az. "Jacob's Law Dictionary," for the
town use.''
In 1787, Christobella Lady J'iscountess Saij and Sclc, widow and relict of Richard Lord Mscount Say and Sele,
bequeathed by her last will and testament, and a certain codicil thereunto annexed, the several sums of 100/. 2000/
and 4000/. for charitable purposes and establishments in Quainton and Grendon-Underwood, &c.
1 Returns under the Statute -21) Geo. III. p. 61 : antl Answers to several Articles of Enquiry in May, 1S03, to the
Bishop of Lincoln.
* Abstract of Returns of Charitable Donations. •'' Reported to have boen since lost.
* Table of Benefactions formerly affi.\ed to the wall in the north aisle of the church,
QUAINTON. 439
Extracted from the Registry of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury: in the will of the Right Honourable
Christobella Lady Viscountess Say and Sele, late of the Parish of St. George, Hanover-square, in the County of
Middlesex, widow, deceased, dated 3rd December, 1787, is as follows : —
" I give to my executors one hundred pounds to be by them distributed at their discretion, amongst poor persons, that
is to say, fifty pounds in the parish of Grendon, and fifty pounds to poor persons in the parish of Quainton. I give to the
said Joseph Bullock, John Manley, and Richard Hopkins, of Oving, in Bucks. Esquires, and Thomas Green, of Whitchurch,
in Bucks. Esquire, the sum of two thousand pounds upon trust, to put out tlie same at interest on Government, real,
leasehold, or other good and sufficient security, and pay and apply the interest and dividends thereof in putting six poor
boys of the parish of Grendon, and six poor boys of the parish of Quainton, out yearly and every year apprentices, such boys
to be legitimate ; and I recommend it to my said trustees not to give more than eight pounds for apprenticing any such
poor boy.
" And I direct that when the aforesaid trustees shall be reduced to two, that then the two survivors shall each name one
other trustee ; or in case any of my said trustees shall decline or refuse to act in the said trust, then I direct those trustees
who shall accept the trust to nominate an equal number in the place of the declining or refusing trustees, so that a sufficient
number of trustees may, from time to time, be named, to carry tlie trust into execution for the benefit of the charity
intended, it being ray will and mind that the new elected trustees shall, from time to time after such nomination, have
equal interest in, and power over, the said trust money, with the other or remaining trustees.
" I give to the said Joseph Bullock and John Manley, the sum of four thousand pounds upon trust, that they, or the
survivor of them, or the executors or administrators of such survivor, do so lay out the sura of 2000Z. parcel thereof, at
their or his discretion, in building a workhouse at Grendon, and another workhouse at Quainton, for the reception of poor
industrious widows, and such other poor persons of the said parishes respectively, at their discretion, as they shall think
proper ; and such poor widows and other poor persons to be industriously employed in spinning and knitting, and other
useful industry, under the direction (qu. discretion ?) of my said trustees ; and upon further trust to put the sum of two
thousand pounds, residue thereof, out at interest on Government, real, leasehold, or other good and sufficient security,
and pay and apply the dividends, interest and proceeds thereof, at their discretion, in the support of such industrious poor
widows and other poor persons in the parishes of Grendon and Quainton, in such manner as they shall from time to time
think fit and proper : and I do give full power to my said trustees to appoint any other trustees or trustee, to act in con-
junction with, or to succeed them in the execution of the said trust, as they or the survivor or executors, or adiBors. of
such survivor shall think fit to nominate or appoint : but if, by means of the Mortmain Act, they shall not be able to carry
these my pious intentions into execution, then I give the said sum of four thousand pounds unto them the said Joseph
Bullock and John Manley, provided always, and it is my will, that my said trustees and executors shall not be answerable
or accountable for each other, but each for his own acts, nor for any monies that may be lost by reason of any insufficient
security or securities, without their wilful neglect ; and that they my said trustees, and the survivors and survivor of them,
and the executors and administrators of such survivor shall, from time to time and at all times hereafter, have and be
paid all necessary and reasonable costs, damages, and expences, and sum and sums of money, which they or either or any
of them respectively shall suffer, sustain, or be put unto, in asserting, defending, and carrying into execution this my will,
and all or any of the bequests, directions, trusts, charities, payments, and purposes herein mentioned.
Proved at London, with seven codicils, on the 28th day of July, 1789, before the Worshipful George Harris, Doctor of
Laws and Surrogate, by the oaths of Joseph Bullock and John Manly, Esquires, the executors, to whom administration
was granted."
The like extract, excepting the clauses for the appointment of the continuance of the trust for apprenticing poor boys,
by the nomination of a succession of trustees : and that for indemnifying the executors, made in the same words as above,
and undersigned.
GEO. GOSTLING, ^
NATHL- GOSTLING, > Deputy Registers.
R. C.CRESSWELL. 3
Extracted from the Registry of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury. The first Codicil to the Will of Christobella
Lady Viscountess Say and Sele, widow of Richard, late Lord Viscount Say and Sele, deceased ; which Will bears
date 8th December, 1787, is as follows: —
A.
" This is a codicil to the last will and testament of me, Christobella Lady Viscountess Say and Sele, bearing date the
eighth day of December, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven ; whereas I have, in and by my said will, given to
440 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Joseph Bullock and John Manley, my executors therein named, the residue of my personal estate, but with intent to be
applied by them as I should thereafter by any codicil direct. Now I do hereby will and direct, that all such residue of my
personal estate as shall remain at my death, shall be applied by my said executors, either in the augmentation of any of
the charitable donations in my said will, or in the putting out of poor children apprentices in the parish of North Newton,
in the county of Oxford, or in the support of poor people not receiving alms from the parish, within the said parish of
North Newton, at the discretion of my said executors, in such manner as to them shall seem most proper ; in all other
respects, I confirm my said will and desire, and direct this to be taken as a codicil thereto. As witness my hand, this
twenty-seventh day of December, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven.
" (;. SAY & SELE."
Proved at London, with seven codicils, 28th July, 1789, before the Worshipful George Harris, Doctor of Laws and
Surrogate, by the oaths of Joseph Bullock and John Manley, Esquires, the executors named in the said will, to whom
administration was granted, having been first sworn duly to administer.
NATHL. GOSLING,-
A. E. CRESWELL, VDepimy Registers.
Exd. 402 Macham, 2 fo. L E. A. GEO. JENNER,
■>■
Of these charitable bequests, from 1789, wlien the testatri.x died, until after the lapse of sixteen years,
the only distribution made to the poor of Quainton had been the gift of 501. mentioned in her Lady-
ship's will : but in 1806, after considerable sums had been expended in fruitless and ineffectual
applications to the executors and trustees, the legacy of 2000/. for apprenticing poor boys was, chiefly
through the personal interposition and exertions of the writer of this History, happily obtained ; and
the arrears of interest having very largely accumulated during many years in the hands of the parties,
it was then conceded by the trustees that an increase should be made in the number of boys to be
annually apprenticed ; and subsequently the sum paid with each apprentice was augmented ; in con-
sequence of which the receipts on account of this parish (as well as of Grendon),' are said to have been
at least 120Z. per ami. but in regard to the leijacy o/"4000;. with its arrear of interest, from causes or
circumstances not hitherto satisfactorily explained, no part appears to have been applied according
to the intentions of the benevolent testatrix, and the directions contained in her will and codicils.
THE ALMSHOUSES
contiguous to the church-yard, on the west, consisting of eight small tenements, were built
and endowed by Richard Winwood, Esq. A little paved court in front, is enclosed with a low
wall, and on the south is a plot of garden-ground for the use of poor widowers and widows. This
institution was established by the will of Richard Winwood, Esq. dated 21 Jan. 1686, and proved
24 Aug. 1688."
The building is of brick, having its roof loaded with numerous gables, alternately large and small,
and immense stacks of chimneys clustered and conjoined angle-wise, in the cumbrous taste of the
period of their erection. Its front is towards the north, and over the doors of two porches, are
tablets inscribed : —
1687.
THESE ALMSHOUSES WERE THEN ERECTED AND ENDOWED, BY RICHARD WINWOOD, ESQ. SOX AND HEIR
OV THE RIGHT HONOURABLE SIR RALPH WINWOOD, KNIGHT, PRINCIPAL SECRETARY OF STATE TO
KING JAMES THE FIRST.
Above, between cornucopia;, the arms of Winwood impaling Reade.''
' Page 262. 2 Re-rist. Exton. in Cur. Prerog. Cant. ^ Page
QUAINTON. 441
The endowment consists of lands and tenements, of which the proceeds are subject to great varieties.
The lands being devised by trustees and governors under short leases.^
The orders and rules for the government as set forth and confirmed 1 Jan. 1695, by Sir Ralph
Verney, Knt. and Bart, of Middle-Claydon, John Verney, his son and heir apparent, George Evelyn
of Huntercombe, Thomas Pigot of Doddershall, Francis Drake of the Middle Temple, Esqrs. Benjamin
Archer, B. D. and Rector of Quainton, for the better regulation, maintenance, and government of the
Almshouse of Quainton, of the foundation of Richard Winwood, Esq. deceased : when divested of
the quaint and technical redundancies of their scarcely intelligible language, directed as follows : —
1. That the number of the Poor People placed in the Almshouse shall not be less than six .-—viz. Three poor men,
widowers, to be called Brothers, and three poor women, widows, to be called Sisters.
2. That every person to be elected shall be of good report, and of sober and religious conversation, and above fifty years
of age, not infected with any noisome or infectious disease, but being incapable by reason of impotency or misfortune,
to subsist comfortably by his or her own labour or industry, and not having in real and personal estate of clear value,
above 20Z. in the whole.
3. That before admission, such person shall obtain a good testimonial in writing from the minister of the parish and
other chief inhabitants, to which such person belong, and personally make a solemn promise and declaration before one
or more of the Governors of the Almshouse, that he or she when admitted, will be obedient to all the Governors, and in-
violably keep all and singular the rules, orders, and constitution of the said Almshouse, already made, or hereafter to be
made, and see them kept by others as much as possible, and will carefully keep and preserve to the uses of the house, all
the goods of the same committed to his or her charge, and give account thereof to the Governors or their deputy, when so
required.
4. That no person be admitted of any other parish than Quainton, without sufficient security first given to the church-
wardens or overseers of Quainton, to indemnify the said parish from any charge which might ensue in case of the expulsion
or discharge of any such person for any misdemeanor.
5. That inhabitants residing before the time of election, in Quainton, or born there, if qualified, shall be preferred
before all others; but if none shall be found qualified, then the natives or inhabitants of any other place in which the
Founder had any estate, shall have the next preference ; and in default, then the inhabitants of any other place
wheresoever.
6. The persons out of the aforesaid places to be chosen, to be nominated by the Right Honourable Ralph, Earl of
Montague, during his life, and after his decease by Winwood, Lord Monthermer, son and heir of the said Earl, if he attain
his age of twenty-one years, and after his decease, by such person as in the Founder's Will is further directed.
7. If within three calendar months after the death or removal of any such person, no other shall be nominated as afore-
said, then the Governors for the time being, or the major part of them, (whereof the Rector of Quainton to be one) shall
within four calendar months next after such failure, elect some other poor person in the room of him or her, so dead or
8. Every person duly elected and admitted, shall continue in the Almshouse during his or her natural life, except
thence justly removed by order of the majority of the said Governors, the Rector of Quainton being one.
9. That there be Six Governors, and whensoever any one or more shall die, the survivors, or the majority of them, the
Rector of Quainton being one, shall at their next general meeting, elect one or more in his or their stead.
10. Any Brother or Sister admitted into the Almshouse, afterwards marrying, shall immediately forfeit his or her place,
and be forthwith expelled.
11. Each shall upon admission bring with them, bedding, clean and neat, for his or her use, and the same duly main-
tain from time to time, as need require.
12. If any Brother or Sister hold any erroneous opinion in any principle of religion, after conviction by the Rector of
Quainton before the rest of the Brethren and Sisters, who shall not upon three admonitions (one, at the least, three weeks
after another) revoke such error openly before the Rector, in the presence or hearing of the rest of the Brethren and Sisters,
to be forthwith deprived of his or her place, and never received again.
13. To avoid idleness as hateful to God and unprofitable of itself, as well as disposing to many sins, such of the
I In 1817, the Almshouse estate was held by John Simms for three years, at 82J. per ann. payable quarterly, with a
fine of lOZ. per ann. for every acre of grass ground converted into tillage : and with covenant for the annual delivery
before the 1st of July, at the Almshouses, of eight loads of beech-wood, from places appointed by the Trustees, not ex-
ceeding fifteen miles distant, in part of the next ensuing quarter's rent. [From the original.]
VOL. 1. 3 L
442 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Brethren or Sisters as shall, by the judgment of the Rector of Quainton, or any other of the Governors, be esteemed able
to be employed in any honest work not injurious to their health, whether for learning or practising what they knew not
before, or for the practising what they have already learned, who shall not yield themselves thereto, being by any of the
Governors required, shall for the first refusal forfeit one week's salary, for the second, one month's salary, and for the
third be removed out of the Almshouse for ever : nevertheless, such Brethren or sisters who will labour, shall have all
the gain and advantage thereof to themselves.
14. The chief cause of the foundation of this Almshouse being for the advancement of the Glory of God, by divine
service and devout prayers, the Brethren and Sisters shall have some short and godly prayers to be said every morning and
evening in their private chambers : besides resorting and going to the parish church as often as divine service on any oc-
casion shall be read there, decently habited in their gowns, especially on the Lord's day, and all other solemn and public
occasions : and there, during all the time of divine service, to behave in a decent, devout, and religious manner : each
Brother and Sister taking their seats appointed for them in order, according to the time of their election into the
Almshouse. And if any one be absent, unless by reason of sickness or other lawful impediment, to be approved by the
Rector of Quainton, such offender shall forfeit for every such off"ence &d. to be retained by the said Rector or his deputy,
out of the weekly allowance for the use of the house, in like manner as all other forfeitures, by reason of neglect, or
offences against the statutes.
15. That no Brother or Sister presume to go into any inn, alehouse, or other public house in the town or parish of
Quainton, unless on som.e necessary business, to be approved by the Rector or other of the Governors, under forfeiture of
\s. for every such offence.
16. That no one lodge in the night out of the said Almshouse without leave of the Rector if he be at home, or in his
absence, of some other Governor or their Deputy, on pain of deprivation.
17. That no one shall lodge any stranger in his or her chamber, under forfeiture of his or her salary for two months for
every such offence.
18. That no one, on any pretext, absent himself or herself from the Almshouse any whole day, without leave of the
Rector or his deputy : nor with leave, more than fifty days together ; or at sundry times in one whole year : and when-
soever any one be absent on any account, above the space of one month together, his or her allowance shall not be re-
served for any longer time than four weeks, to be reckoned from the Saturday after their going from home, without special
cause shewn to the Rector : but that the residue of their pay be applied to the common stock for the profit of the house,
and that the time of their going and returning, be duly entered in the book of accounts.
19. That no Brother or Sister use any unlawful games, as cards, dice, &c. within the house or abroad, or frequent any
suspected house, or admit persons of evil or lewd life, to his or her apartments, on pain of forfeiting, for the first offence,
two months salary ; for the second, to be removed out of the house, till he or she shall reconcile himself or herself, con-
fessing such fault before the Rector or some other Governor, and all or the most part of the Brethren and Sisters : and for
the third offence to be expelled for ever.
20. That no Brother take any woman to serve or attend him in his house, without special license of the Rector or his
deputy, nor therewith under the age of fifty, unless she be his sister or daughter, and of good conversation, under the
penalties before expressed.
21. That every Brother and Sister shall keep themselves and their houses clean, without wilful annoyance by any filthy
or unseemly practices, on pain of forfeiting one month's salary for the first offence; for the second, two months; and for
the third, to be removed.
22. If any one shall inherit, or otherwise come into possession of any estate or other living, to the clear yearly value of
lOZ. or more, he or she shall forthwith lose all benefit from the Almshouse, and be removed.
23. If any Brother or Sister shall be found begging, or unlawfully break any hedge, or cut or carry away wood, he or
she shall forfeit 2s. for the first offence ; 4s. for the second ; and for the third be forthwith expelled.
24. No Brother or Sister shall strike another upon pain of forfeiting one month's salary for the first offence, and for
tr.e second to be expelled for ever.
25. All the Brethren and Sisters shall be persons of good behaviour, no whisperers, quarrelers, evil-speakers, or con-
tentious ; and if any such there be, so that the house be defamed, and the quiet of the rest disturbed, the Rector of
Quainton shall first discreetly warn the offender, and exhort to amendment ; and if after two or three warnings they do
not reform, the offender shall by the majority of Governors, the Rector of Quainton being one, be for ever expelled.
26. The Brethren and Sisters, not disabled by old age or sickness, shall by course sweep and cleanse the court, &c.
of the Almshouse, each in his or her week, beginning with the youngest, under the penalty of \s. for every neglect ; and
no annoyance by wood, straw, litter, or lumber, to be permitted, under penalty.
27. That there be paid out of the revenue of the house to each poor person two shillings by the week, and yearly a
new gown or livery of 20s. price, all of one colour, on the feast of St. Michael ; and if any Brother or Sister die, or be re-
moved within nine calendar months after the receipt of the said livery, the same to be left to the house.
QUAINTON. 443
28. Each Brother and Sister to be allowed annually a good load of hard wood,i out of the profits of the house ; and
whatever may remain thereof at the time of his or her death or departure, to go to the successor.
29. In consequence of the remote distance at which many of the Governors reside, in case of urgent necessity, by
reason of sickness or other sufficient cause, any of the Governors living or being near the Almshouse, may order such
additional aid or allowance, out of the revenue or common stock, as shall seem meet ; and the Governors living near, are
desired and requested to visit the said how%e frequently , to see that good order be observed, and these ordinances obeyed.
30. Ail the residue of the rents and profits belonging to the Almshouse, and all forfeitures of money appointed by
these ordinances, to be employed in repairing the buildings and improving the estate, and defending its just rights, &c.
and if the surplus sliall be very considerable, in purchasing more land, to be settled to the same uses; building more
lodgings, and enlarging the foundation, to the relief of a greater number of poor, as in the Founder's Will directed.
31. The Founders Will, Book of Accounts, Terrier of Lands, Leases, Bills, Acquittances, and other papers of moment,
belonging to the Almhsouse to be put up in a strong chest, to remain in the chancel of the parish church of Quainton, or
such other place as the majority of the Governors (the Rector of Quainton being one) shall appoint to be kept under two
locks, t\iQ keys to be in the hands of tivo of the Governors, chosen by the majority of them, as aforesaid, and the chest never
to be opened but in the presence of these two persons, or two such honest and discreet persons as they shall appoint, one
of whom to be always one of the Governors.
32. That the Brethren and Sisters elected, shall have their names and sirnames entered on a parchment, to be fixed on
a table and hung up in a porch of the Almshouse, within one month after the publication of these ordinances ; and that
hereafter every Brother and Sister shall have his and her name added and inserted in the list within six days after having
been elected, and making the solemn promise and declaration herein-before mentioned, which entry and registering of the
names shall be allowed as an admittance of such persons : and qualify them for receiving the benefit of the said Alms-
hsouse : and that the election shall be in writing under the hands and seals of the person or persons authorized by the
AVill of the Founder, to fill up all places void by death or otherwise, and be preserved on a file, to be kept in the strong
chest, amongst other writings of the Almshouse.
33. That these rules, and all other ordinances lawfully made, touching the Brethren and Sisters of the Almshouse, and
the government of the same, be fairly written in a book and kept in the same strong chest : and that there be a true copy
ke])t in the hands of the Rector of Quainton for the time being, for ever : and that all persons concerned may the better
take notice of them, it is ordained, that yearly, on the 28th of June, (called the Founder's Bay) they shall be openly read
by the Rector of Quainton, or some person authorised by him, in one of the rooms of the Almshouse, whither ail the
Brethren and Sisters shall resort and hear them read, on pain of forfeiting one month's allowance.
34. The Rector of Quainton to receive yearly all the rents from the tenants, and such sums as shall become due to the
Almshouse.
35. A General Meeting of all the Governors, or the majority of them, to be held yearly at some convenient place, on
All Saints' day, or within twenty-one days next preceding, when the accounts of the house shall be plainly and justly
stated before the Governors, and the overplus of money in the hands of the Rector of Quainton, or in any other hands
after defraying the expences of the house for the year past, shall be paid into the hands of one of the Governors appointed
by the majority at the said General Meeting, to be Treasurer of the said Almshouse for the ensuing year ; to be by him
kept with the rest of the common stock, for the use of the house, until disposed of as before directed : and all the accounts
entered in a book, and allowed and signed by the Governors present, to be a sufficient discharge to all persons concerned.
36. The Governors at the General Meeting, or the majority, (the Rector of Quainton being one) shall appoint, during
pleasure, some fit person to be called Clerk of the said Almshouse, who shall look after the lands and estate, pay the
weekly allowances to the poor, register all admittances and orders, and write and do all such matters as the Governors
shall direct, receiving out of the revenues of the house, /br^?/ shillings yearly salary.
37. The said Clerk to give at least six days notice to each Governor, and to all the Brethren and Sisters, of the time and
place of the General Meeting of Governors, that any complaint made, be fairly heard, and such necessary order taken for
the due management of the Almshouse as may be requisite.
38. The majority of the Governors and their successors may make void, alter, exchange, add to, or diminish, as to them
may seem meet, any of the ordinances and rules before mentioned, or hereafter to be made ; and may expel or remove any
of the poor people for disobedience to the Governors or their orders, or for lewdness, profaneness, or debauchery, or being-
unqualified by the rules of the house, as set forth in writing under our hands and seals, any thing herein contained to the
contrary in any wise notwithstanding. RALPH VERNEY, THO^ PIGOT,
GEORGE EVELYN, FRANCIS DRAKE,
JOHN VERNEY, BEN. ARCHER.^
1 This hard wood was beech, commonly brought from the estate of the Founder, near Stoke-Poges : and was but a scanty
allowance, in inclement seasons.
^2 From the original in the hands of the Trustees of the Almshouse in Quainton.
444 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Besides Winwood's Almshouse, here are also the following Foundations.
A School for teaching poor children to read and write, and to buy them Bibles.
This school is contiguous to the north side of the chancel, and at the east end of the north aisle of
the nave, filling up, in part, the angle formed by the projection of Winwood's Chapel or burial place.
It consists of two small gloomy apartments, one above the other, about eighteen feet by eleven, com-
municating with each other by a winding staircase at the north-east corner, and the lower room, to
which the entrance is from the church-yard, also opening into the chancel by a door under a pointed
arch near the communion-rails.
The Founder, and the time of its original establishment are not exactly recorded, but it is usually
attributed to Dame Anne Pigot, wife of Sir Richard Pigot, Knt. of Doddershall, who in 1672, settled
an annual payment of 2h 8s. for the maintenance thereof, to which in 1692, Patrick Symmer, Rector
of Quainton, added a donation of 50Z. and by an old book of Churchwardens' accounts, it appears, that
" at a Vestry 29 March, 1692, Mr. Symmer's executors paid 50/. for the use of the poore children of
this parish for schooling," the entry being verified by the signatures of Thomas Pigot, Thomas
Burnett, Curate, John Dormer, Wm. Bampton, Wm. Robinson, and John Eales."
Susanna Booth and Helen Pleydwell, (reported to have been sisters, and the former a servant to
Patrick Symmer, Rector,) in 1692, likewise contributed 20Z. with which an annual stipend of 20s. was
settled on the school. In the returns made in 1786, under the Statute of 26 Geo. III. respecting
charitable donations, the annual income of this school was stated to be only 6Z.
It has been usually under the superintendence of the parish clerk, but sometimes the offices have
been separated.
The master has commonly taught in the same school other children besides those entitled by their
poverty to receive the benefit of instruction : and reading, writing, arithmetic, and the rudiments
of grammar, have been advantageously cultivated in this village seminary ; which has at least the
merit of having contributed to the general improvement of the condition of the inhabitants, and
assisted in adding many efficient and useful hands to the operative and mechanical branches of society,
even if it may not boast of more splendid instances, in which genius has here derived its early stimulus
to the attainment of eminent literary distinction.
QUARENDON, QUARRENDEN, QUERENDUNE,
QUERDONE, QUARNDON,
a small parish on the eastern verge of the Hundred of Ashendon, (and in the ancient divisions of the
county, in the Hundred of Votesdone, one of the three hundreds comprised in the modern Hundred of
Ashendon,) having been by the earlier writers included in Aylesbury Hundred, and by Leland, ex-
pressly designated as within the parish of Aylesbury, the Parochial History, chieHy interesting from
the succession of its dignified possessors, and on account of its ruinous and desecrated chapel, (a
member of Bierton formerly appendant to the church of Aylesbury) will be inserted in the alphabetical
urrangcment of the next volume of this history, to which the reader is referred.
SHABBINGTON. 445
SHABBINGTON, SHABINGTON, and SHOBINGDON,
This Parish, on the south-western verge of the County, is bounded on the north by Worminghall
and Long-Crendon; by the latter, also, on the east ; by the River Thame, and Oxfordshire on the
south-east and south ; and by Ickford, on the west ; containing about 800 acres ; of which 200 are
wood-land, and the remainder unequally divided into arable, meadow and pasture.
The soil is a deep stiff clay, subject to inundations from the Thame, which runs from north-east
towards the south, under a narrow bridge, at the eastern extremity of the village, on the road to
Thame.
THE MANOR,
was before the Conquest part of the lands of Wigo de Walingford,' and afterwards passed to Milo
Crispin, who was taxed at ten hides, the land being sufficient for ten ploughs. Three hides were in
demesne, and three ploughs; and twelve villeins with seven bordars had seven ploughs; six servants ;
one mill of 10s. rent; pasture for six teams, and a fishery yielding 100 eels; woods for 100 hogs;
altogether constantly worth £10.-
Either Milo Crispin, or Brien Fitz-Count, the second husband of his daughter,^ in the reign of Henry I.
granted this Manor to a tenant called Valoines, whose descendant Alan held it in 1164 (12 Hen. H.)
under the Honour of Walingford ;* and Robert de Valoines paid 100 marks and two palfreys, as a
fine to obtain "livery of Sobington descended to him by the death, without issue, of Alan his brother.*
Thomas de Valoines paid scutage for it, in 1234'', as two knights' fees; and four marks for his aid at
the Peace then made: but was acquitted for the arrears due from his brother Robert in 6 Hen. HI.^
In 1254, he held under Richard, Earl of Cornwall f was living in 1261 ;'■* and this estate passed by the
marriage of Joane, his sole daughter and heir, to Robert, Lord Grey of Rotherfield, who, dying in 1294
(23 Edw. I.) left her surviving ; '" and probably soon after his death, this Manor was given to the Knights
Hospitallers, for it is mentioned in a Confirmation Charter of the King, to those Knights in 1297."
In 1298, William de Tothale, Prior of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, in England, passed a
fine with Joane, relict of Robert de Grey, of two parts of this Manor as the right of the Prior ; and
the third part which had been settled upon the said Joane, for life, with remainder to the Prior, on
condition of his celebrating the obit of Joane, and supplying daily meat and drink to thirteen poor
persons within this Manor, and also five quarters of barley annually, that they might make beer, and
keep her anniversary.^^
I Seepage 17.
« Terra Milonis Crispin. In Tichesele Hd. CO. Ipse Milo ten' Sobinton. p. x. hid. se defd. Tra'. e. x. car'.
In diiio sunt iii. hidse et ibi iii. car', xii. uilli cu. vii. bord. hnt. vii. car. Ibi vi. serui et i. molin. de x. sol p'tu.
VI. car. De piscaria c. anguil. Silua c. pore'. Hoc 00'. ual. et ualuit sep. x. lib. Wigot de Walingeford tenuit. \_Lib.
Cens. vol. i. f. 150.] ^ gee page 18 .
4 Lib. Nig. Scac. vol. i. f. 186. « Testde Nevil. also Rot. Pip. 12 Joh. and Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 441 .
6 Test, de Nevil, 19 Hen. III. and Dodsworth's MSS. vol. xxix. in Bibl. Bodl. ^ Rot. Pip. 20 Hen. III.
8 Rot. Hund. 39 Hen. III. vol. i. p. 25, and Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. i. p. 357. 9 Rot. Fin. 46 Hen. III.
1" Page 160, and Pedigree of Grey, of Rotherfield.
II Monast. Anglic, vol. vi. p. 832, and Rot. Cirt. 26 Ed. I. n". 21. " Rot. Fin. 27 Ed. I.
446 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
In 1299, another fine was passed between the same parties of two parts of the Manor, granted to
Joane de Grey for life, with view of frankpledge.' John de Grey, her grandson, also obtained of
Kino- Edward III. a grant of free warren here ; and in 1361, Shabbington was among the lands
settled upon the marriage of Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Michael de Ponynges, to John, son and heir
of John Grey, Baron of Rotherfield ; " and descending in the same manner as East-Claydon, until
WiUiam, Lord Lovell, of Morley, and Alianore his wife, in 1474,^ passed a fine of this Manor to
Richard Pigot and John Catesby, Serjeants-at-Law, Humphrey Staley and Henry Spilman. Another
fine was also passed of lands here, in 1505, by Alice, sister and heir of Henry, Lord INIorley ; ' and
the whole estate seems to have been then alineated. Le Neve mentions a mediety of Shabbington
Manor in 1457, in the hands of Strickland; and Willis conjectures, that the family of Lucy,
held it with Haversham,^ so that it might seem to have passed by the Lady Elizabeth de la Plaunch
and the Pabenhams,'^ to their descendant William Hugford, and by Alice, his sister and heir, to her
son William Lucy, Esq. It had certainly been transferred to the Clerkes before 1590, although the
latter family did not reside here until after their removal from North- Weston, near Thame, which
was their seat upon quitting Hitcham.''
Shabbington was charged with an annual payment to the Master and Chaplains of the Savoy
Hospital, which was established early in the reign of Henry VIII.'* and, although this is not specified
in the valuation in 26 Henry VIII. amongst other possessions in this County,^ and the name of the
Donor is not discovered ; '" an account of the payment of 33/. 6s. 8f/. to the Hospital, " from Sir John
Gierke's Manor of Shabbington," is preserved by Willis;" and, perhaps, might have originated in the
grant made to the Hospitallers to preserve the memory of Joane de Grey.
In 1620, Sir William Gierke was assessed upon £300 per ami. in Shabbington. He died in 1624,
and his grandson. Sir John Gierke, Bart, dying in 1667, was succeeded by his son. Sir William, and
upon the marriage of his grandson, another Sir William, the third Baronet, with Katherine daughter
of Sir Arthur Onslow, Bart, this Manor was by deed, 11 July, 1683, limited to the said Sir William
and Katherine for life, with remainder to their heirs mail in tail, remainder over to Sir William Gierke
in fee.'-
Sir John Gierke, who succeeded to the estate, died without issue, and his next brother Sir William
Gierke, fifth Baronet, joined with Dame Katherine his mother, and others, and alienated his posses-
sions here.
PEDIGREE or CLERKE, of SHABBINGTON. '
Descended from the Clerke's, of HrrciiAM.
Arms : Az. on a Bend G. between 3 Pellets as many swans of the field : on a sinist. Canton Az. a demy Ram saliant Arg. In Ch. 2 fl.-de-lis Or. surtout a
Baton truncated, being an honourable augmentation to Sir J. Gierke, Knt. for taking prisoner the Duke of Longueville, at the battle of Touen. In mid. ch.
the Baronet's Badge. Crest, a ram's head, coupe proper, on a wreath Az. and G.
ERKE, Knt. of Shabington, 1620 :==M*ry, or RlAncAnET, dau. of Sir John Bourne, Knt.
buried at Hitcham. \ of Holt Castle, co. Worcester.
ob.
n
ILLIAM C
eb. 1624
Sm Francs Ci.erke, Kn
eldest son: ob. 13 Ma
1631, bur. at Hitcham.
''1
=GniSEI,L
rofe, Knt
18 fllar.
, dau. of Sir David Wood- Sin William CtEnKE, Knt.=Uiisui.A. dau. of William St. Barbe, Esq. widow of Sir
;. of Poyle, CO. Surrey : ob. Fra. Verney, Knt. in whose family pedigree her second
1631; bur. at Hitcham. husband is called erroneously Jo/m Clarke. [See p. 179.]
Sm John Clehke, Knt.cr. 18 July, 1560, Bart. of=pPHiLAi)ri.rinA, eld. dau. and co-h. of Sir Edw. Carr, Ei.izABfxn, dau. of Sir Francis Gierke, of
Hitcham and North Weston: ob. 7 Oct. 1667, a;t. I Knt. of llillingdon, co. iMiddlesex : ob. vidua 9th Aug. Hitcham, ob. 22 Sep. 1678; bur. at Bram-
4.5 ; buried 10 Oct. at Thame. [See Hitcham.] | 1698, a;t. 62 ; buried at Thame. shot, co. Hants.
a
I Rot. Fin, 27 Ed. I. - Page 162, and Rennet's Antiq. vol. ii. p. 129. ■'' Rot. Fin. 14 Ed. IV,
* Page 163. = Willis's MSS. 6 Pedigree of De Grey, p. 160 ; Sec also Haversiiam.
7 See Hitcham. e Rot. Pat. 4 Hen. VHI. Test. 5 Jul. also Monast. Anglic, vol. vi. p. 728.
9 See Deniiam. " See Harl. MSS. 604, fol. 22 and 791 : fol. 32, 36 ; also Rot. Pat. 3 and 4 Phil, and Mary.
II Willis's MSS. vol. xii. F. in Bibl. Bodl. O.xon.
'* From the Arcliivcs of his Grace George, Duke of Marlborough, at Woodstock,
SHABBINGTON.
447
Shabbington,b.9July,1643: ob.
6 Sept. 1 678 , at Stoke.co. Surrey ;
bur. at Shabbington.
Willm. Muschamp,
Esq. of Barnes, co.
Surrey; viv. 1695.
Day
mar.l3Mar
1675.
R Will. Clerke,=j=Kathebine, 2d dau. of Sir Arth. Onslow,
Bt. Will dated 14 Bt. of West-Clandon, co. Surrey, sist. of
July, 1699, proved 1 Ric. Lord Onslow ; mar. settlement dated
Dec. buried at North 11 July, 1683; ob. vidu^ 14 Mar. 1741,
Weston. ast. 85 ; bur. at Hanwell, co. ]\liddlese.v.
: Clerke,:
ob. 1708,
It North-
GiiisEL, born at Hitcham.
Jane, eldest dr. b. 1644, mar. to Sir Edw. NoiTeys, Knt. of Wes-
ton-on -the -Green, had issue Philadelphia, mar. to the Hon.
Capt. H. Bertie, of Kotley-A.hbey (brother of James 1st Earl
of Abingdon, whose dr. • )
=Catha,une, Elizabeth, mar. John Carr
dr. of Henry toJ. Walker,Esq. Clerke,
Jennings, of of Hillingdon, co. D.D. ob.
....CO. Middx.Cl. of the coelebs. bur.
Devon. Ho, of Lords : ob. at North-
1734. Weston.
Fra.Carr =
Clerke, of
N. Weston:
ob.27 May,
1730,a!t.36,
bur. at Thame.
[Thame Reg.]
S.rJo„.c'lerke,
SmWiLL. Clfrke,= .... dau.
Catherine,
Sir Era. CLEHKE,6thBt.
FrancisClerke,^
4th Bart. ob. 24 Feb.
5th Bart, heir of his of
Mary, ) viv. 1731,
b. 12 July, 1682, heir of
1726-7,at.31s.p.;bur.
elder brother Sir Bunsrow,
ELizAHEfn, iinnupt.
his cousin Sir William:
ob.30Apl.l760,
at Hanwell, co. Mid-
John, died abroad, of Fetter-
Philadelphia: ob. inf.
ob. 12 Feb. 1769, ccel.
dlesex.
s.p. lane.Lon-
don.
1684; bur. at Shabbing-
ton.
bur. in South Audley
Chapel, Westminster.
Warwick.
Sir Francis Carr Clerke, 7thBart. b. 24
Oct, 1748, in St. George's, Hanover-sq.
Student of the Inner Temple.
Will. Hen. Cleri
b. 25 Nov. 1761,
North-Weston.
daughter of Henry
Ashurst, Esq. of
Waterstock, co.
Oxon. mar. 1747;
viv. 1770.
Diana, b.24 June, 1750, bap. at North-Weston.
Susanna, b. 30 April, 1753, bap. at Rob. Earl of
Leicester's Hospital-Chapel, in Warwick.
The manor was purchased in 1716, by the family of Heywood.^ Francis Heywood, Attorney-at-
Law, of O.xford, was in possession of it, and either the same Francis or his son, of the same names,
was Sheriff of Oxfordshire ; and in 1724, Lord of this manor. In or about 1743, it was settled by
the marriage articles of Francis Heywood and Rachel Head ; and the said Francis dying soon after-
wards, William Heywood his brother held the estate in 1747 ; which, after his death, in 1762, was
vested in Mary wife of John Wright, Esq. Elizabeth widow of ... . Fonnereau, Esq. his two surviving
sisters, and John Crewe, Esq. of Bolesworth, in Cheshire, son of another sister ; and these three co-
heirs jointly exercised certain manorial rights. In 1765, William Wright, Esq. (perhaps son of John)
and John Crewe, Esq. enjoyed similar privileges. Rachel Heywood died a widow 4 Jan. 1786, and
by a deed of partition, dated 30 Sept. 1788, the manor and certain lands were assigned to John Crewe,
Esq. by whom they were devised to his wife Elizabeth, for her life, with remainder to his daughter,
who, by her marriage, carried the estate to George Evelyn Boscawen, Esq. nephew and heir of
Hugh second Viscount Falmouth, whom, in 1 782, he succeeded in that title.
PEDIGREE OF BOSCAWEN, VISCOUNT FALMOUTH and BARON BOSCAWEN-ROSE,
OF SHABBINGTON.
Ermine a rose Gu. barbed and seeded Proper Crest -. On a wreath above i
SiijipoTters : Two sea-lions erect, their tails nowed. Gutte de L'armes.
coronet, a boar passant Gu. armed, bristled, and hoofed Or.
: Patience Passe Science ; also. In Coelo Quies.
[Guillim and Collins.]
Esq. temp. Hen. 6.=
John BoscAWEN=f=ELizABETH, dau. of Nic. Loar.
JohnBoscahen, Esq. ob. 28 Feb. 15 Hen. 8.=^
Hugh Boscawen, Esq. JI.P. for Tregony,=pANNE, second dau. of Wentworth, Earl of
and Knight of the Shire for Cornwall, I Kildare, mar. 2dly to Fra. Robartes. Esq.
1640. (16 Car. 1 ) eld. son of John 1st Earl of Radnor ; ob.
4 May, 1715. [Collins, vol. ii. p. 361.]
Lyson's Mag. Brit. vol. i. p. 6'28.
418
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
»D Bi.scAwtN, Esq.=pjAEL, dau. of Sir Fra. Godolphin, Knt. William Bos-
for Truro, 30. 33. I sister of Sidney. ?:arl of Godolphin. and cawfn, M.P.
I of Dean Godolphin, Provost of Eton. for Truro, 1678.
Hugh Boscawen, M. P. for Truro, 9 Anne; Penryn, 1713,=
1714; Groom of the Hed Chamb. to Pr. Geo. of Denmark ;
Comp. of the King's Househ. 1714; cr. 13 June, 1720
(6 Geo. 1.) Bahon Boscawen-Rose and Viscount f al-
MOurH ; of the Privy-Council and Vice-Treasurer of Ire-
land, 3 April, 1724: resigned 1734, Capt. of St. Mawes
Castle Ld. Warden of the Stannaries, Recorder of Tregony
and Penrhynn. Ob. at Trefusis, 25 Oct. 1734.
CiiAnLOTTE, eld. dau. and co-
heir of Colonel Charles God-
frey, .Master of the Jewel-
OfHce, &c. by Lady Arabella
Churchill, sister of John,
Duke of Marlborough, K.G,
mar. 23 April, 1700. Ob.
22 Mar. 1754.
i Boscawen, =t=Mahgaret Clinton, 5th dau. of
for Cornwall, | Theophilus, Earl of Lincoln, and
to 1698, 1705. by descent. Baron of Clinton.
Anne, mar. 18 Sept Bridget, sole dau. and heir
1705, to .lohn
Evelyn, Esq. of
W'otton, CO. Surrey,
afterwards Baronet.
Esq. father
ton, Hugh Lord Clinton
and Say, Baron Fortescue,
Earl of Clinton.
1 =;
= 1.HUGH,
2. Han-
2.CHAS. 3. Edw. =i
=Frances,
4. Geo. =j
pANNE,
5.JoiiN=f=Tiio-
6.W1L-
7. Nicho-
8.HEN- CiMRLoiTE, b. 5 Aug. 1702, mar.
....
b. 1700, =
=NAH-
Bos- Boscawen
sole dau.
Bos-
dau. of
Bos-
MAS-
las Bus-
RY 1720 to Henry Moore, Earl of
dau.
2d Vise.
Catii.
CAWEN, b. 18 Aug.
of Will.
cawen,
John
INA,
Fre-
Bos- Drogheda; ob. vidua 23 Mar.
ofS.r
Falmouth
Maria
b. 12 1711;
Evelyn,
b. 1 Dec.
Morley
Maj.- '
dau'.
Capt. '
CAWtN, 1735.
Phil.
&c. Ld.
dau. of
Jun. M.P. for
Glanville,
1712;
Trevor,
Gen.
of
Bos-
Guards,
b. 18 Anne, b. 17 Feb. 1704, mar. to
Mea-
Warden
Tho.
1710; Truro, 21
Esq. of
Col. 23d.
Esq.
M.P.
Rob.
Page of
Apl. Sir Cecil Bisshopp, Bt. ob. 6 May
dows,
of the
Smith,
ob. iuv. and 28
St. Clare,
Regt. of
mar.
for
Sur-
b. Sept'.
Hon. to
1722, 1747.
Knt.
Stannaries
Esq.
Geo. 2.
CO. Kent,
Foot, Lt.-
Feb.
Truro,
man.
1717.
the King,
ob coel. Diana, b. 18 Dec. 1704, ob. inf.
Wars
1743;
and re-
Adml. of
i\I.P. for
Gen.
1743;
1747.
Esq.
1731,
Mary, b. 12 Mar. 1705; mar.
hal.
Capt. of
lict of
the Blue ;
Hithe,
Deputy
Ob. at
1754;
[Collins
1732, to John Evelyn, Esq.after-
[Col-
Yeomen
Richd.
Ld.ofthe
mar. Dec.
Gov. of
Bath,
ob.
Dec'.
tol. 3.
wards, 2d Bart, ob. 1749.
l.ns's
of the Gd.
Russell
Admiralty
1742.
the Scilly
1783.
1767,
1748
p. 361.]
Lucy, b. 6 May, 1719, mar. to Sir
Cha. Frederick, Knt. ob. 1784.
Bar.
Maj.-Gen
Esq.
and Gen.
Ob. in
Islands.
[Pedi-
a>t.53.
ob.
vol.
8 Mar.
mar. 6
of Ma-
S. Aud-
M.P. for
gree of
1749
Catharine, b. 11 Dec. 1720 ; ob.
iii.
1755; of
May,
rines. Ob.
ley Street,
Penrhynn
Tre-
't^
mnupta 5 June. 1736.
f', -,
the Privy
1736.
10 Jan.
London,
21 and 26
vor.]
Henrietta, b. 26 Apl, 1708. ^ •
Elizabeth, b. 20 Apl. 1709. f.H,
361.]
Council,
Ob. 23
1761, bur
26 Mar.
Geo. 2.
15 Dec.
Kov.
at St.
1805,
Truro,
Eleanor, b. 18 Feb. 1715. ('j
Arabella, b. 13 Feb. 1716. )0
1756;
1782,
Michael's
St. 86.
2 Geo. 3.
Lt.-Gen.
a-t. 72.
Penke-
Ob. 3
13 Feb.
vUle,
May,
1759.
Corn.
1775.
Ob.4Feb
1782, at
Batli. s.p.
-
Edward
Hugh Wi.mam George
EvEiAN, 3d Visct.=pElizabeth-Ann
F, dau.
and Frances, b. 7 Mar. 1746, mar. 6
BOSCAWI
N, b. Glanville Falmol
th, b. 6Mav, 1758;
hr. of John Cr
ewe, Esq. of Julv
1773, to Admiral John Levi-
13 Sept.
1744; Boscawen, b. Col. of theCoinwallFencible
Wolhampton, Berks, by
Eli- sonG
ower.brother of Granville Mara .
ob. cce
1. 17 ll.Apl.l751: Light Dragoons. Ob. 12
zabeth his wife.
mar. 26 Jun. of Stafford.
July, 1774. ob. 21Apl. Feb. 1808."
1784. Ob. 10
Aug 1793, Eliza
FTH, b. 28 Mav, 1747. mar. 2
1769.
at 1 regothin, c
«t. 28.
). Cornv
all, Jan. 1 766, to Henry, Duke of Beau-
foi-tK.G; ob. vidua 15 June, 1828.
Edward, b. 10 May, 1787,=Anne-Frances John
4th Viscount Falmouth &c. eld. dau. of Bosc^i
or. 9 July, 1821, Earl of Henry Bankes, llApri
Falmouth. Esq. mar. 2'7
Aug. 1810.
=Catii. -Elizabeth, eld.
dau. of Arth. Annesley,
Esq.ofBletchingdon,co.
Oxon. mar. 4 May,
1814.
Elizai.eth, b. 17 May, 1785; mar. 23
June. 1808, to Ld. Arth. Somerset, 4th
brother of Henry, Duke of Beaufort K.G.
Elizabeth Anne, Viscountess Falmouth, died in 1793, and George, third Viscount 12 Feb. 1808,
and this estate was afterwards sold in severalties.
The manor and about 416 acres, with lands in Oakley and I.xhill, were purchased by Mr. William
Beasley, in November 1815, and in December 1827, conveyed to Edward Blount, Esq. of Bryanston
Square in the co. of Middlesex, who held his court-leet here, 30 Oct. 1828, and is the present
possessor.
The Manor-House of tlie Lord, long- turned into a farm, was inhabited by Mr. Beasley, during his
possession of the estate, and is now tenanted by a farmer.
Shabbinaton-Wood, including about 192 acres, with thirty-nine acres of pasture, was the property
of John Atkins-Wright, Esq. who died 5th March 1822. He was the son of Atkins of
Kettcringham, co. Norfolk, and took the name of ^Vright, as a descendant of the family of Wright,
before mentioned, who formerly held part of the estate of the Heywoods. John Atkins-Wright, Esq.
represented the City of O.xford in Parliament, from 1801 to 1818, and his lands here, were after his
decease, about 182 1, conveyed to Mr. Joseph Henley of Waterperry House, co. Oxon, who is the
]M'esent possessor.
SHABBINGTON. > 449
About 170 acres were sold by tbe executors of George, third "Viscount Falmouth, to Mr
Smart, and Mr. Joseph Prentice, and by them transferred to Mr. Thomas Parsons of Waterstock, co.
Oxon. and Mr. James Parsons, and to John Stone, Esq. of Long-Crendon, who are severally
proprietors.
Another estate here, with lands in Ickford,^ was conveyed by indenture 28 July 1731, by Dame
Katherine, relict of Sir William Gierke, Bart. Elizabeth and Mary, her two surviving daughters, and
Sir William Gierke, fifth Bart, her son and heir, to Sarah Duchess of Marlborough and certain Trustees
appointed by the will of John Ghurchill, Duke of Marlborough, K.G." and descended, with the Duke-
dom of Marlborough, until having devolved to his Grace George Spencer-Churchill, Duke of Marl-
borough,^ it was, about 1808, conveyed to Mr. William Rowland of Oxford, the present possessor.
THE VILLAGE
is very irregular, consisting only of the vicarage-house, a commodious building near the church, and
farm-houses and cottages, with plots of garden ground adjacent.
The Thame flows slowly near Shabbington, on the south-east, and the road to Thame crosses the
river by a very narrow bridge, north-east of the church, having at its foot a public house, with the
sign of the Fisherman, affirmed to be the site of the old manor-house, and at which the courts of
the Lordship are held.
In the reign of Edward III. the assessors to the ninth John le Bailiff, William le Gardener, John
Gilet, William Waryn, and William Sprynde returned, that this parish was rated at twelve marks,
and 10s. the beans and peas being deficient in produce on account of the dry summer, and no
merchants or cattle dealers in the parish : and the ninths of wheat, calves and lambs, were sold at the
sum above mentioned.^
In 1808, the amount of the land-tax was 2031. 17s. of which 168/. 16s. had been redeemed and
exonerated. The manorial estate rated at 69/. 4s. 7d. Mr. Rowland's, late the Duke of Marlborough's,
83/. 6s. 6d. John Atkins Wright, Esq. 16/. 4s. lid. The vicarage 14/. 9s. Divers small pro-
prietors 20/. 12s. In 1801, here were thirty-three houses and 184 inhabitants; in 1818, according
to a diocesan return, 242 inhabitants, an increase so very improbable, as to throw great doubt upon
the accuracy of the enumeration. In 1821, the number of inhabitants 241, in another account, 300.
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY.
The rectory and advowson were given to the convent of the Holy Trinity in Walingford, probably
soon after its establishment.^ The rectory was appropriated, and a vicarage ordained, about the
beginning of the reign of Henry HI. for in 1220 (5 Hen. HI.) in the time of Hugh Welles, Bishop
of Lincoln, the Prior of Walingford presented to this church, the vicarage then consisting of the
whole ecclesiastical altarage, tithe of corn and grain, and three loads of hay for the monks annually ;
the vicar paying synodals, and the convent archidiaconals.*^
1 Page 275. ^ From the Archives of His Grace the Duke of Marlborough at Woodstock.
' Pedigrees of Spencer and Churchill, in Over-Wikchendon. * Inquis. Nonar. 15 Ed. III. p. 338.
5 MSS. in Cardinal's Bundles, in Capel. Rotul.
fi Prior de Walingford p'. ad Vicariam Ecclie de Sobinton, que Vicaria consist it in toto Altaragio cccle. & in decimis
garbar' x virgatar, Consistit etiam in tribus carectatis annius de feno Monachor ; Vicarius autem, solvit synodalia et
monachi Hopitiu. Archid. Anno xi Ep. Hugh. Welles. [MSS. Dodsworth. T. vii. 3, 4, 6. in Bibl. Bodl.]
VOL. I. 3 M
450
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
This must have been during the government of the third or fourth prior of Walingford : the right
of patronage, until the dissolution of the house, being exercised by the respective priors in the follow-
ing order : —
PRIORS OF WALINGFORD.
John Price, of Walingford, a cell to St. Alban's
Abbey, 1195.
Simon, 1205.
Ralph JVarririffton.
Jeffrey occurs in l'2o0.
Thomas.
Gregory, 1288.
Germanus.
Stephen de IVittenham.
William de Huntingdon.
William de Heron, 1.3-38, and 1.357.
William de Stenington, 1359, and 1367; but in the
St. Alban's Register, William de Heron occurs in 1380,
and is therefore supposed to be the same Prior.
William de Bingham, or Bynham, 1389.
John Stoke from 1399 to 1413, temp. Hen. IV. but
WiUis finding a person of this name prefen-ed in 1440
to St. Alban's Abbey, supposes him to be the same.
Henry Halstead, 1444.
John Wells, 1452.
John de Banburgh, 1458.
Williain de Hardwick, S.T. P. 1472.
William Ryshorou\ 1473.
Anthony Zouche, 1484.
John Thornton, S.T.B. 1497, and 150.3.
John Clare, 1515, supposed to be the last Prior.'
The rectory with lands and tenements in Shobingdon, late belonging to Walingford Priory, was at
the valuation by King Henry VHI. after the dissolution of religious houses, returned at 5/. 6«. Sr/.
per ann."
King Henry VHI. presented once to the vicarage, and in 1528, granted to Thomas Wolsey,
Cardinal of St. Cecilia, Archbishop of York, and Legate, &c. the advowson of the rectory of
Shobenden, alias Shobingdon, with all tithes, oblations, obventions, emoluments, and lands hei'e in the
hands of the King, by the suppression of the monastery of the Holy Trinity in Walingford.^
In 1543, the former grant having been resumed after the cardinal's disgrace, the King bestowed
the impropriation and advowson upon Sir John Williams, afterwards Lord Williams, of Thame,^
who by deed 12 May 1544, conveyed the same to Thomas Tipping, Esq. of Draycot, co. Oxon.
whose Pedigree is annexed.
PEDIGREE OF TIPPING, of SHABINGTON and WORMENHALL.
From Ilarleiaa MSS. 1 1 10. Bishe's Visitation, 1668, and otlier Authoritie
Or. on a bend Az. three Phoeons of tlie Field. Crest. A Sea Horse's Head, Or. maned S.
Esq. of Tipping Hall,
. Lancaster.== dau. of Sir William Rede, Knt. of Boarstall, by An
Wantham. [See Pedigree of Rede, in Boarstall, p. 66.]
; from a mural crown,
liis second wife, dau. of William
WiluImTip
INC. EsQ.of iMertonand West-=?=AGXEs, dau of Thos. Burt
or Bvrte, alias Brett
Alice; mar. to .. Harte, Gen.
Court, in Ewelme, co. Oxon. | of Sliobingdon : sister and heir of William
ofBlackthorne,co.Oxon.
l..lonv
2.Tnos. Tir- =
j=MAROAnET; 3.GEnARD W1LLIA.M
Ai.,ce; bap. 2 Nov.
Margaret; bap. 20 Maria, b.
JOANE, b.
TirriNG,
PING, Esq. bap.
dau. of John Tipping. Tipping,
1539, at Worraen-
Dec. 1552, at Wor- 10 Oct.
15 Nov.
son und
30 Dec. 1544,
baton, Esq. bap. at
hall ; mar. to John
nienliall ; mar. 1st. 1554.
1554.
I.eir.
of Draycot. co.
of Chilton, Wor-
Brown of Shabing-
to Rich. Deane, of [Ash-
Oxon. 1558,
co, Berks ; minghall,
tOII.
Merton,2d.toThos. mole's
1.560, 1577, ob.
bur. at Ick- 4 Dec.
Vicars of Horton, Berks.]
15 June, 1601.
ford, 1595. 1548.
CO. Oxon.
[Esc. 43 Eliz.]
bur.atlckford.
Willis's MSS.
Ex. Comput. R. Hen. VIII.
Rot. Pat. 20 Hen. VIII.
Anno 14 in Chapter Ho. at Westminster : and Monast. Anglic, vol. iii. p. '281
* Rot. Pat. 32 Hen. VIII. Test. 15 Apl.
SHABBINGTON.
451
1. Sir George Tiiting, Knt.
Wheatfield and Draycot, co.
Oxon. and Wormenhall, 161
iDoROTHY, dau. of John Burlace,
Esq. of Little- Marlow : b. 1564.
mar. 13 Sept. 1585. [Pedigree
of BORIACE, p. 310.
2. Bartholomew Tipping,:
of Skobington, and Che-
quers.
=Martiia, dau. of Ei izabeth, mar. to
Rob. Doyley, Esq. Rich. Hyde of Wal-
ofMerton.co. Oxon ingford.co. Berks.
5 weeks, 31
Oct. 1589.
[Harl. MSS.
2.Wii,LiAj:TipriNG,
ofQu. Coll. Oxon,
1614, cr. A.M. 12
April, 1648, being
a Pari. Visitor :
Vicar of Shabing-
ton, circ. 1640,
ob. 2 Feb. 1648;
bur. atWaterstock,
CO. Oxon.
3.J0HN==A
dau.
Ma
, 2d. Wife of
and heir of Sir Sir Maurice Berke-
Christo. Pigot, ley, Knt. who had
" * issue by lier. [Rud-
der's Glouc. p. 678.
Pedig. of Coke in
Stoke-Poge8.1
Knt. of Dod-
dershall.
[Pedig. of
Pigot, in
QUAINTON
p. 406.]
Tiios.
Bartiio- =
=Eliza-
.TOHN
DOY-
Ann
Tip-
LOMEW
BETH,daU.
Tipping,
lEY
'.r
Tipping,
of John
Vicar of
Tip-
son and
ob. 1656.
Barker,
Shabbing-
Oct.
heir.
Gt.-Ush-
er_.Qu.
ton,1628.
158£
ThomasTipping.
Esq. ofWeatfield,
CO. Oxon. 1647.
qu ? if M. P. for
Oxon. 1685.
:Elizabeth, dau. of George Tipping,
Sir William Be- Draper, in London,
conshaw, of Woyles aet. 29 in 1647.
Court, Hants.
Barthol
OMEW TiP-
2. John Tipping of=
pMA.lY,
Eliza-
PING.
Chequers in Stoken
dau. of
beth,
Church, a5t56.
Rodolph
mar. to J
1668, presented
Spire Sf
Whistler.
his son to Weston-
Hunter-
Turville Rectory,
combe.
SmTiio.
Tipping, E
of Wheat-
field, M.P
for Waling
ford. 1688
of Bucks.]
:Anve, dau. and hr.
of Thos. Cheek of
Pirgo, CO. Essex, by
Letitia, eld. dau.
and co-hr. of the
Hon. Ed. Russel,
younger son of Fran-
cis, 4th Earl of Bed-
ford, sister and hr. of
Edw. Earl of Ox-
ford, and niece of
Will. 1st. Duke of
Bedford : ob. vidu^
21 Jan. 1727-8.
. John Tipping,=
George
Klizaeetii
A.m. Rect. of
Tipping.
mar. to
Weston Turville,
John Blan
1675: d. 1722,
dy.
a!t. 71 ; bur. at
MARY.mar
Westou-TurvUle.
to Tho.
Jord.ins.
Frances.
Martha.
BaRTH0L05IEW =
Tipping, Esq. of
Oxford: benefactor
to Pembroke Col-
lege, 1728.
SirTho. =
=Mary, sole
Letitia,
Tipping, 2d.
dau. and hr.
mar. to Sam
Bart, of
of Sir John
Sandys.Ksq.
Wormen-
Lear, Bart.
ofOmbers-
hall : Will
ofLyn-
ley Court,
dated 24
CO. Worces-
Feb. 1724.
Devon: set-
ter, after-
Ob. vita
tlement dat.
wards Lord
mat. s. p.
16 Dec.
Sandys.
1724.
Kather.ne,
mar .to Tho.
1st Lord
Archer : d.
1754.
Bartholomew =pPrudence. qu
Tipping, Esq. eld.
son, of WoUey
Park, CO. Berks,
Sheriff of Berks,
1797; sold lands in
Ickford, to W. H.
Ashurst, Esq. circ.
1785. 1 1
REV.PHnipWROuCHT0N,A.M.=pMARv Anne, sole dau
of Woiley Park, co. Berks, heiress or widow, in 18
Vic. of Shabbingto
Bartholomew Wrol'(
Esq. of Wolley-Park .
=i\lARv, 2d dau. of William Thomas St.
Quintin, Esq. of Scampton-Hall, co.
York, mar. 20 Oct. 1830.
Willis remarks that this rectory and advowson not being mentioned in the inquisition, taken after
the death of Thomas Tipping, probably had been settled on one of the younger branches of his family,
and Bartholemew (younger son of Thomas) who married Martha, daughter of Robert Doyley, Esq.
of Merton, co. Oxon. is described of this place, as well as of Chequers in Ellesborough.
Sir Thomas Tipping died 1 July, 1718, seised of this estate, which with the advowson, remained in
the family until 1798, when Bartholemew Tipping, Esq. was patron.
William Tipping, Esq. mentioned in the pedigree, who died 11 April, 1719, was the inventor of a
pretended remedy or solvent for the stone. By the marriage of Mary Anne, daughter and heir of
Bartholomew Tipping, Esq. Shabington-Manor came to the Rev. Philip Wroughton, clerk, A.M. of
Woiley Park, co. Berks, who died in Wimpole Street, Marylebone, co. Middlesex, in 1812, and his
relict still surviving, is the present patron. Their son Bartholomew Wroughton, Esq. of Woiley Park,
married 20 Oct. 1830, Mary, second daughter of William Thomas St. Quinton, Esq. of Scampton Hall,
CO. York.^
Gent. Mag-.
452
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
THE VICARAGE
is endowed with the great and small tithes of about 400 acres. Here is no glebe, but about ninety-
six acres, called the vicarage farm, is charged with the payment of 41/. 6d. to a charity school, at
Stoken-Church, co. Oxon. on the 24th of August annually.
The living is charged in the king's books, 10/. 9s. 7d. ; Tenths 1/. ll^d. ; Archidiaconals 1/. 7|J.
7 HOMA.s DE Bensington, presented in 1220, by the
Prior and Convent of the Holy Trinity in Walingford,
to the Vicarage of Shobington, ordained by the authority
of a council. At his death
Jordan de Glide ford was presented 16 Jan. 1268, by
the Prior and Convent of Walingford.^
Richard de Mellon, Vicar, in 1340.
John Ai/lineton, died 1348.
Hugh de Finemer, presented 4 Feb. 1348: and ex-
changed for the vicarage of Kingsey," with
John de Sadmundham, 1 May, 1354; presented by the
Prior and Convent of Walingford, and at his death, was
succeeded by
Ralph de Bereford, presented 14 Oct. 1375, by the
same Priory.
John Panteys, presented 28 Aug. 1396.
Richard Astwick, died Vicar in 1460.
Thomas Kendall, presented 16 July, 1460, by the Con-
vent : was at his death, succeeded by
John Penne, presented 22 April, 1468; who resigned
in favour of
John Smith, 11 March, 1471.
Guy ap Hotcel, in 1504, by will appoined "to be
buried at Llandewibrevi where he was Chanter or at
Shobingdon, if be died there."
John Kele or Hale, presented 29 May 1 504, by John
Thornton, Prior of the Holy-Trinity in Walingford.
John Ward, presented by the King on the death of the
last Vicar: is mentioned in 1541 ; and by his will, dated
3 Aug. 1558, directed his interment "in Shobington
chancel."
Tliomas Anyram, presented 6 Jan. 1 558, liy Thomas
Tipping : resigned, and was succeeded by
Geoffrey Vaughan, 13 Sept. 1560, on the same pre-
sentation.
Nicholas Pullen, presented in 1564, by Thomas
Tipping ; on his resignation, he was succeeded by
Richard Worcop, in 1568, on the presentation of
Thomas Tipping; and resigning.
Robert T^anythorp was presented 3 Nov. 1575, by
Thomas Tipping, as was his successor,
James Kinyley, 21 Nov. 1577.
Edmund Osborne, presented 20 Jan. 1590, on the
resignation of the last incumbent. He was also Curate
of Long-Crendon, and died in 1611,^ and
John Tippiny was Vicar in December 1628.*
IVilliam Tippiny, 1640. He was the second son of
Sir George Tipping, Knt, of Draycot, co. Oxon. by
Dorothy, daughter of John Burlacy, Esq. was a Com-
moner of Queen's College, Oxon, in 1614, afterwards
entered at one of the Inns of Court, but relinquishing
the study of the Law, returned to Oxford, was a Justice
of the Peace, and puritanically affected, took the cove-
nant in the civil war, and was in 1647, one of the Par-
liamentary Visitors of the University; A.M. 12 April,
1648; about which period, this Uving was sequestered,
perhaps at his death, which happened at Waterstock,
2 Feb. 1648, and he was buried there. He is said to
have devoted much of his hfe to learning, piety, and
charity : and provided that a sermon should be preached
in All Saint's Church, Oxford, annually, on Good
Friday. He gave 300Z. towards the erection of the
Bridewell near North Gate ; being also the author of
1. A Discourse of Eternity, Oxon. 1633; 4to which
procured him in the University, the name of " Eternity
Tipping."
2. A Return of Thankfulness for the Unexpected
Recovery out of a Dangerous Sickness. Oxon. 1640, 8vo.
3. A Father's Counsel; or Directions to Young
Persons. London, 1644, 8vo.
4. The Preacher's Plea; or a Short Declaration
touching the sad condition of our Clergy, in relation to
the Smallness of their Maintenance tliroughout the
Kingdom. London, 1646, 12mo.
5. The Remarkable Life and Death of the Lady
Apollonia Hall, widow, deceased in the 21st year of her
age. London, 1647, 12mo.
Rot. Fill. 53 Ik
111.
See pa-e 302.
'See pa-e 215.
Ibid, and Pedigrees of Borlace and Tipping.
SHABBINGTON. 453
Thomas Jeamson, paid for first fruits here in 1652. Pembroke College, Oxon. A.M. 29 Jan. 1723, and at
He was succeeded by his son his death, in 1768, was succeeded by
^Te'ffiaw! Jea?7!5on, A. M. presented by the King 29 July, Samuel Long, A.M. inducted 29 Nov. 1768, on the
1662. He was also Perpetual Curate of Long-Crendon,i presentation of Bartholomew Tipping, Esq. of Wolley
and was succeeded by Park, co. Berks. He was of Christ Church, Oxon. A. M.
Robert Parsons, A.M. presented by the Trustees and 13 Dec. 1751, and at his death was succeeded by
Guardians of James Lord Norreys, Baron of Ricot, and Phipps Weston, B.D. inducted 11 April, 1778, on the
instituted 8 JNIarch, 1672. He was of University same presentation. He was of Magdalen College,
College, Oxon, A.B. 27 June, 1667, A.M. 22 April, Oxon, A.M. 18 April, 1760; B.D. 4 Feb. 1768. On
1 670 : afterwards a Portionist of Waddesdon ; - but being his resignation,
presented to the Rectory of Oddington, co. Gloucester, Philip Wrouc/hton, A.M. was inducted 20 June, 1782,
resigned this Vicarage, and was succeeded by on the presentation of Bartholomew Tipping, Esq. He
William Musson,^ B.D. presented 9 June, 1688, by was of Oriel College, Oxon. A.M. on the day of his
John Tipping, Clerk, Rector of Weston-Turville. He induction into this Vicarage.
was of Lincoln College, Oxon, A.M. 5 June, 1673, Thomas Plaskitt, A.M. inducted 14 April, 1798, on
B.D. 5 July, 1682, and was buried here 20 Oct. 1728: the same presentation. He was of Queen's College,
being succeeded by Oxon, A.M. 14 April, 1790, and on his cession,
Geo/ys J'?/i/)iH_^, A. M. presented by Prudence Tipping : Phipps Long, A.M. was inducted 31 July, 1799, on
(his mother) Mandate of Induction, dated 8 Feb. 1728. the presentation of Philip Wroughton, of Wolley Park,
He was of Bahol College, Oxford, A.M. 11 July, 1720, and Mary Anne his wife. He was of Ah Souls' College,
and afterwards Rector of Little-Kimble.^ Oxon, A.M. 24 May, 1797: and his eldest daughter,
Tipping Silvester, A.M. inducted 21 March, 1736-7, Mary Anne, was married at Shabbington 11 July, 1833,
on the presentation of Prudence Tipping, He was of to Edw. Rudge, Esq. of Ewelme, co. Oxon.
THE CHURCH,
dedicated to St. JNIary Magdalen (the feast being annually observed about nine weeks before
Michaelmas) consists of a nave, chancel, and low embattled tower, on the north side a porch, and on
the south, a door under a pointed arch. The nave, about fifty-two feet long by twenty-two feet wide,
has on each side two square-headed mullioned windows : and in the chancel is another, besides the
east window, which has cinquefoil-headed lights with trefoils in the spandrils ; and on a fragment
of painted glass remains a mutilated effigy of the Redeemer.
The tower contains five bells; on the tenor Wm. Musson, vicar, 1718 ; on the 1st, Prosperity to
this place ; 2nd, Peace and good neighbourhood ; 3rd, Wm. Adams, Edw. Burnard, Churchwardens ;
4th, Pvudhall, Gloster, Founder, 1718. In the upper story are four small windows, mullioned, each
of two lights. In the west front which has buttresses at the angles, is a door with a square cornice
and moulding ; and above it a mullioned window of three lights in the lower series, and six above
them under a pointed arch.
Between the nave and the tower is an open arch ; and another between the nave and the chancel.
The ceiling of the rood-loft, remained in 1748, entire.^ Within the rails in the south wall of the chancel
is a niche for a piscina, under a cinquefoil-headed arch. On the north side of the east window is a
lofty gothic arch, with a flowered finial, over a recess for a statue or a lamp.
The font near the west end of the nave is large and octagonal, and its pedestal of correspondent
form.
On a mural tablet at the east end of the To the memory of the Rev, Mr, Tipping Silvester,
chancel : late Vicar of this parish, who died August 29, 1768,
aged 67 years.
1 Page 215. ^ See Waddesdon. ' Oxford Graduates. * See Kimble. 5 Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon.
454
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Near this place lieth the body of Rebecka Costobodie,
aged 84 years.
Oil a shield :
Party per chevron O. and Arg. three rooks proper.
Crest. On a wreath a rook's head erased.
On the south side of the chancel near the east
end on a mural tablet. Arms :
Ar. on a bend G. between three Pellets as many Swans
proper. In a sinister Canton Az. a demi Ram saliant
of the field debruised with a baton truncated Gu. Clarke
impaling Or. three bars Gu. Muschavip.
H, S. E.
Gulielmus Clerk Baronettus.
Johis Clerk de North Weston in Com. Oxon. Bar.
(ex Conjuge Philadelphia) filius natu max. qui 6 Sept.
A" Dni. 1678, retat sute 35 obiit in Agro Surriensi unde
duxerat uxorem Ehzabetham Gulielmi jMuschamp de
Row. Barnes Ar'. filiam cui tres reliquit liberos Guhel-
miun (Paterni Tituli hedem) Johem. & Ehzabetham
moestse matris solatio omnium Spes et Dehtias.
In the pavement on lozenges of marble :
Philadelphia Clerk, daughter of Sir Wilham Clerk,
Bt. 1684.
Sir Wilham Gierke, Bar'.
On a lozenge-shaped mural tablet, on the south
side of the entrance into the chancel :
Underneath, in hopes of a joyful resurrection, are de-
posited the remains of William Musson, B. D. sometime
Fellow of Lincoln College, Oxon. and late Vicar of this
Church, who departed this life, the 17"' of October, 17'28,
aged, about 80 years.
Near adjoining lie also the bodies of Susannah his
virtuous wife, and of Susannah a young and beloved
daughter.
Prepare to follow.
On a slab in the middle of the pavement :
'Hie entrance to the Rev. Mr. Long's vault.
On another :
Here lieth the body of Mary the wife of John Spencer,
who died Jany. the P'. 1770, aged 80 years.
On another :
Here heth the body of Lettice the wife of William
Mery wether, who departed this life July y'= O*. 1728,
aged 6.3 years.
On another :
Elizabeth wife of Carter.
On another :
Here lieth the body of William Spencer died
May '27'\ 1777, in the 59 year of his age.
Two slabs have the name of Barnard, and the
dates 1707 and 1714, near the west end of the
nave, and also :
Here lieth the body of Edward Burnard, sen'^. of North-
Weston, who departed this hfe the 16 of Feby. 1715,
aged 80 years.
Here lieth the body of Prudence, the wife of Edward
Burnard, who departed this life 13 Feby. 1725, aged
77 years:
Beneath this stone doth wasten lie
Too who fear'd to live and not to die There
Actions they were always just
WTiich makes their in the dust
To the poor the teas constand friends
And lov'd thire nor fear'd their end.
Here lieth the body of 'William Burnard, who died
Oct. 28, 1757, aged 70 years.
In the churchyard, near the end of the chancel,
are in-elve grave-stones, inscribed with the name
of Parsons, a yeomanry family, possessing lands
here, and presumed to have removed to Brill in
the last century.
THE REGISTER
contains a memorandum, dated about 1.590, of ten pounds given by Sir William Gierke, as a stock
to accumulate for the benefit of the poor ; but no record is preserved, nor can information be ob-
tained of any receipt or benefit having accrued from this donation.'
Here are lands settled upon an almshouse at Wormenhall, an adjoining parish, and Willis mentions
the interest of 10/. in money, applied towards the repairs of the church".
Parochial Returns, vol. i. p. 61.
2 Willis's MSS. in Bibl.Bodl. Oxon.
TOWERSEY.
455
TOWERSEY, ANCIENTLY TOURSEIE,
is a small Parish on the extreme verge of Ashendon Hundred towards the south-east : the boundary
line of Oxfordshire, making a flexure and indentation, which includes the Parish and Town of Thame,
and severs Towersey from Haddenham ; the contiguous parishes being Kingsey on the north, Ilmer,
and a very small point of Bledlow towards the east ; and Emmington, in Oxfordshire, and Thame,
on the remainder of the east, south, and west. Towersey was included with Kingsey, under the
common appellation of Eye, probably derived from its situation in an angle of the Hundred or
County, agreeable to the meaning of the Saxon term,^ and the prefix Tours, from its possessors, of
that family, distingusihed it from Kin(j's Eye. It had belonged to seven Thanes of King Edward
(perhaps called Tours) and before the Norman Survey was given to Nigel de Albigni, or Albini, a
follower of the Conqueror, but held under him by another Nigel, who has the name of Wast annexed
to the account of his nine hides and one virgate of land in Eye, called his Manor, Here were eight
ploughs kept ; three in the demense, and four by ten villeins ; four servants, pasture for seven teams,
altogether worth 11. per ami. when Nigel first held it, 100s. but in King Edward's days 8L and the
Saxon Thanes could sell it."
Nigel de Albini possessed in this county, Tillebury and Eye ; the former surveyed in Dustenburg
Hundred (Desborough) has so long lost its ancient name, that its situation is now unknown ; and,
perhaps, it would be too bold to risk a conjecture, that these might have formed the northern part
of that isolated portion of Desborough Hundred, which adjoins the parishes of Dinton and Ilmer.
Nigel is described as a younger brother of William de Albini, ancestor of the Earls of Arundel.
He was bow-bearer to William Rufus, and girt with the sword of Knighthood by King Henry I.
He distinguished himself at Tenerchebray, and was rewarded with part of the estates forfeited by the
Molbrays, or Mowbrays, and the pedigree of his family, is given in the following manner :
PEDIGREE OF ALBINI.
Roger de Albim.=pAmicia de JIowbra
WiLLLiAM DE Aluini, surnamed Pin-:
c^rna, d. 1139, bur. at Wymondham,
=i\lAUD, dau. Maud, dau. of Ric. de=NiGEi. de Ai.bini, held Tdkbury, and Eye, co~GuNnnED, dau. of Gerald
of Roger Aiiuila. Ob. s. p. liuck. bur. in the Abby of Bee,' iu Normandy, de Gorney, or Gournay.
Rqger, surnamed Mowbh
cestorof the EARisof Noi
4-
Albim, Lord of Cainho. co. Beds.=pCECiLY, ra-/ii!i>ider with her son Robert, circ.
0 Sopwell Xunnery, co. Herts. | 1140, of the Cell of Beaulieu, co. Hants.
Robert de Albini, co-founder of Beaulieu,=|=
and benefactor to Sopwell, d. 1190, 4 Ric. 1.
"WiLlIA
' brother of Robert.'
=Agatiia.
[Rot. Pat. 17
Joh.]
Robert de Ai.bini, Isabel, sist. and co-h. of Robert, and of her sist. Joane ; mar. to William de Hoton.
ob. civc. 15 Hen. 3. Joane, sist. and co-h. of Robert; mar. to Geoffrey de Beauchamp, but died s. p.
s. p. Asceline, sist. and co-h. of Robert, and of her sist. Joane ; mar. to Ralph de St. Amand. [Placit 4 Ed. 3. See also
Pedigree of St. Amand, p. 255.]
[It may be noted, that although this pedigree rests partly on tlie authority of Dugdale and the Monasticon Anglic, as well as upon other Authorities
greatly respected, there yet remain some doubts respecting the descents of the Earls of Arundel and Surrey, from William de Albini ; and also, in regard to the
narriage or marriages of Nigel de Albini, who is said to have married Arnica, daughter of Henry de Ferrers or Feriers, the Norman possessor of Grendon-
Underwood,
)i i\igei
. 252.]
1 Kingsey, p. 293,
^ Terra Nigel de Albin
VII. car'. In dnio. sunt, i
recep : c. sol. T. R. E. v
ji. In Ticlieshele Hd. CID. In Eie ten'. Nigel Wast de Nigello. ix hid', et una uirg'. Tra". e.
II. etx uilli hiit. nil. car. Ibi. iiii. serui. ptu. vii. car'. In totis ualent'. ual. vii. lib. Qdo
III. lib. Hoc. CO. tenner, vii. teigni hoes. R. E. et uende' potuer. [^Lib. Cens. vol. i. f. 151.]
456 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
After the death, without issue, of the last Robert de Albini, the Barony of Cainho being divided
between liis three surviving sisters, Isabel (who was afterwards married to William de Hoton) Jane,
married to Geoffrey de Beauchamp (but who died in the lifetime of her sisters, without issue) and
Asceline, married to R,alph de St. Amand,' this estate, which had been held under the family of Albini
by the Pirots, at least from the reign of Henry H. when, according to a return made by R,obert de
Albini, Ralph Pirot held five knight's fees of the Barony of Cainho," was in the hands of persons
deriving their name from the place ; and called Tours, Touri, or de Toureseye. Ptalph Pirot, the
first of the name, discovered in connexion with Towersey, was succeeded by another Ptalph, who died
in 1253, seised of divers manors in Essex and Cambridgeshire;'' and in the days of a third Ralph
Pirot, Richard de Tours, or Toureseye, held of him by a subinfeudation one knight's fee here; John
de Morton, three parts of a knight's fee ; and JNIuriel de Weston, seven virgates of land in soccage,
under Robert de ^^^ansi* for 20s. j)er aim. all their tenants performing suit at the County and
Hundred Courts, and paying 5s. annually to the sheriff (then Robert de Braibrock) and hydage at
the rate of 2s. for eleven hides in their tenure, and 5s. for view of frankpledge : two Courts being
held annually.^
The Pirots appear to have continued Lords of this place until the reign of Edward HI. for in
1341 a fine was passed between Edward Parage (supposed Pyrot) of messuages, lands, and rents, in
Towerseye and Khigeseye, with Walter, son of William Audlcf, of Stoke, the right of the said
Walter ;® and in 1348, another fine of property, similarly described, was passed between "Robert,
Roger, and Thomas, the sons of William Pyrot, of Towresheye," and William Pyrot of the same,
declared to be the right of Roger, and granted to William their father, for life ;'' but in the interim,
their under tenants the I'owerseys, had joined in certain fines, by one of which, in 1253, Nicholas de
Tours (or Touri, or de Touresheye) occurs as party with William Grenville and Christiana his wife, in the
settlement*' of certain lands in T/ioresheye, declared the right of Nicholas; and in 1261, the Abbat and
Convent of Thame, having, previously acquired lands here, and in Kingsey ; by a fine passed with John
de Morton and Sarah his wife;-' and by other fines between Cripse and Boteler, of Great-Marlow,
Chaunterel and Wynton, or Wydendon, or Wydyndon ; '" as also by fines between Ptichard de Tours,
1 Test de Nevil, p. 2.50. "- Lib. Nig-. Scac. vol. i. p. 202. ^ Esc. 36 Hen. III. n". 37 Cal. vol. i. p. 10.
•* Rob. de Wansi was the son or brother of Nicholas de Wansi, who, about the year 1252, married Alice, heiress of the
Thurnams. [See Cole's MSS. and Little- BrickhilL]
5 Touresheye. Ric. de Turs' tenet in ead. villa unum feodum militis de Rad. Piroth p. servic" unius militis. Et Johes
de Morton tenet in eadem villa tres partes unius militis de d'co Rado. Et Muriel de Weston tenet vij virgatas tre'. p.
socagiu. de Rub. de Wansi p. .xx. sol'. Et oiiies isti debent secta Comitat. et Hundf. Et dant p. secta ilia et warda Vic.
V sol. p. annu p. Rob. de Braybroc tunc Vic\ Et p'tea ' faciut duas sectas p. ann. et dant p hydag. xxii sol. de xi.
hydistre'. Et de visu francipl. v. sol. [Rot. Hund. 39 Hen. HI. vol. i. p. 25.]
G Rot. Fin. 15 Ed. HI. ' lb. 22 Ed. HI.
8 William Grenville occurs in one of the pedigrees of that ancient family, as brother of Robert Grenville, living in the
reign of Henry H. (about 1204) but the name of his wife is not mentioned. In the same pedigree, another William de
Grenville /our ^e?iera/ions afterwards, but not in a direct line, is recorded as Sheriff of O.xford and Berks, in 1284, and
Gustos of Oxford Castle, 18 Ed. I. but neither is the name of his wife mentioned there ; and a third William, who, in 1343,
having then inherited Wootton by descent from the Frysels, married Agnes Wightman, whose grandson, Richard Grenville, is
stated to have been the father of Eustace Grenville, " returned among the Gentry of Bucks," in 1433, and to have married
Christian, sister of Lord St. John, [Willis's MSS.] the daughter of Sir Hugh Hulls, Knt. Chief Justice of the Common-
Pleas, by Margery, daughter and heir of William Domville, of Mobberley, in Cheshire ; but from the date, it is impossible
for her to have been the person mentioned in the fine of 38 Henry III. and William Grenville party to that fine, was more
probably that William, who was Warder or Governor of Oxford Castle, in 1289, younger brother (not elder, as in
CoUins's Peerage) of Richard and Robert and nephew of William de Grenville, who was at Poictou in the reign of King
John, and whose death was too early for him to be identified with this settlement. [Pi;d. of Grenville, in Wootton.]
9 See page 299 ; also Rot. Fin. 49 Hen. III. '» lb. 4 Ed. I. 17 Ed. II. and 5 Ed. III.
TOWERSEY. 457
of Tourseye, and Agnes his wife, and Thomas son of Richard de Aylesbury, of messuages and lands
subsequently settled and confirmed in 1324- and 1327 ; and, likewise, by fines between Agnes, formerly
wife of Richard de Tours, and Richard Lemynge, and Elizabeth his wife, of the third part of the Manor of
Tourseye, excepting one messuage and one carucate of land in the same Manor, with the appurtenances,
held by Agnes in fee simple and fee tallage, and settled on her and her heirs by another fine, declaring
the estate to be the right of the Abbat, and his Church of Thame ; ^ and the Convent having, also, ob-
tained the other two parts of the Manor by the grant of Edward de Bereford, held the whole Manor
and principal estate ; and John the Abbat, who presided over that House during an unusually
long period of about forty years, had likewise a grant of free warren,"
Thame-Abbey Lands, remained unalienated until the Dissolution of Monasteries by Henry VHI.
when the Farm of -
TOWERSEY GRANGE,
which (like Lee-Grange in Quainton)' had been an occasional residence or retirement of the Abbats
of Thame, and then in the tenure of Joane Belson as its lessee, was valued at 8/. 13s, ^d. per ami.
and their lands in the occupation of other tenants at 12L 17*. 9 j(/., making altogether in Towersey,
21^ lis. 4^6?. per ami. but subject to a quit rent of 10s. per ami. payable to the Crown.*
The Grange is now an ordinary farmhouse, but a very large barn is still remaining on the site, and
human bones have been dug up here in such numbers, as to indicate a burial place, but no vestiges of
the original buildings are discovered.
This manor was granted by patent 15 Sept. 1542 (34 Hen. VHI.) among other possessions of
Thame-Abbey dissolved, to the Dean and Chapter of Oxford, then newly founded,'* and in the valu-
ation of the temporalities appointed to the Cathedral of Oseney, then intended, the rent of Towersey
Manor, was returned at 21Z. per ami., and a pension, part of the spiritualities, of 1/. per ami.^
The Lands of the family of Burghersli in Towersey, Avhich in the reign of Edward IH. were in pos-
session of Sir John de Burghersh of Tythorpe in the adjacent parish of Kingsey,^ and were divided
between the two co-heiresses of John de Burghersh, who died seised in 1391." Margaret, first the
wife of Sir John Grenevil, Knt. and secondly of John Arundell, Esq. both of Cornwall, whose property
comprised " divers woods and underwoods" here, as well as in Kingsey ; and her sister Maud, the
wife of Thomas Chaucer, Esq. severally passed, the former to the Arundells, Collingridges and
Dormers, by the heir-general of Arundell, and the latter through the Chancers, Hampdens, Ferrerses,
and Pyes.
Geoffrey Dormer of West Wycombe, who married Ursula, daughter and heir of Bartholomew
Collingridge, Esq. of Towersey, by Alice his wife, who is designated as the heir-general of Arundell,^
was the ancestor of Peter Dormer, Esq. of Lee-Grange in Quainton, who together with Agnes his
wife, passed a fine in the reign of Henry VHI. which included part of this estate," which having been
intermediately held by the Marnys, whose lands at the death of Henry, Lord Marny, in 1522, were
partly granted by Henry VIH. with other escheats and church property which had fallen into the
possession of the Crown, came to the family of Dormer."
The portion of Maude Chaucer, which by a fine in 1403 (5 Hen. IV.) mentioned in the account
' Rot. Fin. 17 Ed. III. 2 Monast. Anglic, vol. v. p. 403. ^ page 414.
* Val. Eccles. vol. ii. p. 214, and Dugd. Monast. vol. v. p. 406. 5 Willis's Hist, of Cathedrals, vol. ii. p. 419.
6 WiUis's MSS. n° 639, f. in Lambeth Library, dated 1542. "^ See page 300.
8 Esc. 15. Ric. 2. n" 8. Cal. vol. iii. p. 153. 9 Dugdale's Bar. torn. ii. 2. p. 36, 37.
10 Kingsey p. 274, 275, 276, 279, and 300. " See Easington, p. 295, and Pedigree of Maeny.
VOL. I. 3 N -
458- ASHENDON HUNDRED.
of Kingsey' was soon afterwards settled upon Edmond Hampden, who dying in 1420," it appears to
have been subsequently in the possession of Sir Edmund Hampden of Beckley, co. Oxon, and Dinton
in Bucks. His son, William Hampden, Esq. of Dinton, by will dated in 1521, ordered the rents of
his lands in Towersey, inter, al to be applied during the minority of his son and heir, towards raising
portions for his daughters, and by the marriage of Catherine, one of the daughters and co-
heiresses of Sir John Hampden, Knt. this estate passed to the issue of her first husband Henry
Ferrers, Esq. of Baddesley-Clinton, co. Warwick,^ viz. Edward Ferrers, his only son and heir,
who in 1548, married Bridget Windsor, third of the nine daughters of William, second Lord
Windsor of Bradcnham, K.B. to whom by some family arrangement this estate was conveyed;
for this William, Lord Windsor, by will dated 10 Aug. 1558, bequeathed inter, al. to Sir Edward
Windsor, Knt. his eldest son and heir apparent, " his lease of Towersey, and all profits thereof, which
he had of the late Edward Ferrers of Baddesley, his son-in-law."*
Edward Lord Windsor the devisee, died in 1574, and this estate having descended successively to
Frederic Lord Windsor, and at his death to Henry Lord Windsor his brother,^ and Thomas Lord
Windsor (son of Henry) who held the estate in 1620, at the time of the survey, when it was estimated
at IGOl. per ann. and died 6 Dec. 1642, in the beginning of the civil war, without issue, having settled
his estates upon Thomas Windsor Hickman, his sister's son;" these lands were seized by Parliament,
and in 1649, conveyed by the commissioners under the authority of that oflice to Sir Edmond Pye,
Knt. and Bart,
Sir Edmond Pye has been described as originally a scrivener in London, who acquired considerable
wealth and married Catharine, sister of John Lord Lucas, and after his death this estate passed, by
the marriage of Anne his eldest daughter, to John Lord Lovelace of Hurley, co. Berks, (eldest son of
Thomas, Earl of Cleveland) whose younger daughter, Martha, at length become sole heiress of her
grandfather, and was in her own right, by descent. Baroness Wentworth. She was married 1 1 March,
1692, to Sir Henry Johnson, Bart, of Friston, co. Suffolk ;' held this manor in 1721, and dying
18 July, 1745, Sir Cleobury Noel, Bart, of Kirkby-Mallory, co. Leicester, succeeded to the title of
Baron 'NVentworth, of Nettlestead ; and in 1762, was created Viscount Wentworth ; and being at his
death, 31 Oct. 1774, succeeded by his only son and heir, Thomas, second Viscount Wentworth ; the
latter, in March, 1 788, conveyed this manor and the estate attached to it, comprising about two thirds
of the parish, to George Bowden, Esq. of Radford, co. Oxon, who died in 1790, and was succeeded in
his possessions here by his eldest son George Bowden, Esq. who died seised in 1822, and this manor
and estate then descended to his three daughters and co-heiresses, Mary Elizabeth Bowden, Elizabeth
Bowden, and Anne Frances Bowden, who continued to be the Ladies of this Manor in 1830.
THE VILLAGE, OR HAMLET,
is very small, irregularly built on low ground, and contains not a single object which can entitle it to
a minute description.
1 Page 300. - See Hampden, and the family PEDiouEt:.
■J In Baddesley-Clinton Church, on the monument of Sir Edward Ferrers and Dame Constance, his wife, is the follow-
ing- inscription : " Here also lieth Henry Ferrers, their eldest son and heir, who married Catherine one of the daughters
and co-heirs of Sir John Hampden, of Hampden in the Countie of Buck. Knt. He died anno D. 1526, leaving issue
Edward Ferrars, married to Bridget, daughter to William, Lord Windsor of Bradenham, 1548, and died A.D. 1564. Ecce
hie in pulvere dormiamus. Hie nostrte cecsidunt glorioe carnis. Disce more mundo, Vivere disce Deo. Hodioe nobis."
* Lang-ley's Desborough Hundred, p. 161 ; also, Dugd. Bar. torn. ii. p. 308. See Bradenham.
5 See Pedigiiee of Windsor. '^ CoUins's Peerage, vol. ii. p. 466, " See Leckiiampstead and Bradenham.
TOWERSEY. 459
TOWKRSEY.
The land-tax for Towersey in 1712, amounted to 181/. 35. Scl.
In 1822, (3 Geo. IV.) on passing an Act of Parliament for the Inclosure of divers open and
common fields in Towersey, an allotment of 133 acres, twenty perches, of freehold lands was assigned
in lieu of the rectorial tithes, the same being described as situated adjacent to tlie Thame andWy combe
Road, and the parishes of Sydenham and Emmington, co. Oxon. the rectorial tithes then in the
possession of Henry Bowden, Esq. George Frith, and William Frith, assignees of the estate and
eflPects of a bankrupt and the manor in the hands of Mary Elizabeth Bowden, Elizabeth Bowden, and
Anne Frances Bowden, then an infant.
Before the enclosure an estate of about 130 acres in the common fields belonged to John
Sampson, Esq. and previously to Sir Sampson Wright, Knt.
THE CHAPELRY OR PERPETUAL CURACY
is appendant to the vicarage and church of Thame, the latter being a prebend in the cathedral
of Lincoln, but of peculiar jurisdiction, vested in the Dean and Chapter, being severed from the
possessions of the cathedral, as to episcopal authority. Before the passing of the statute to restrain
the disposal of ecclesiastical lands, it was conveyed to the family of Thynne ; but the chapel is and
has long been constantly held with Thame Church, of which the vicarage is in the patronage
of the Bishop of Lincoln: and Towersey is wholly exempt from the visitation or jurisdiction of the
Archdeacon of Bucks.
Some small portions of land left for the maintenance of lights in the church or chapel have been
already noticed in the account of Kingsey,^ as subsequently granted out by Queen Elizabeth.
Towersey being within the peculiar Ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Dean and Chapter of Lincoln,
probates of wills are granted for Towersey (with Thame, Tetsworth, Sidenham, and Great-Milton,
CO. Oxford) in the Court of their Peculiar of Thame, in the oflSce of the Deputy Registrars at Ayles-
bury, with whom wills are deposited, and during three months, in the year of the Bishop's Visita-
tion when inhibited, (the business being then transacted in the name of the Chancellor of the
Diocese of Lincoln) Wills proved are deposited in the same place.
CHAPLAINS OR CURATES.
William DE Langford, presented to the Church of Robert Lence, presented 6 Mar. 1324, by the same
Thame, with the Chapel of St Katherine, in Towersey, Patron.
in 1273, by Richard Mepham, Dean of Lincoln, as Richard de Conyngesby, pr. 19 Cal. Jan. 1326, by the
Prebendary of Thame. same.
James de Ffreston, or Alfreston, 1293, presented by Nicholas Bircklesworth, pr. 6 Id. Jul. 1361, by Hugh
Thomas Sutton, Prebendary of Thame and Archdeacon Pelegini, Proctor of the Bishop of Alban, Cardinal
of Northampton. and Prebendary of Thame. He exchanged Thame for
William de Romeseye, presented 2 Cal. Nov. 1318, by the Rectory of Surfleet, q. Lincolnshire, with
Gilbert de Middleton, Prebendary of Thame and Arch- William Wiltone, who, together with the Vicarage of
deacon of Northampton. Thame, acquired this Curacy 27 Mar. 1376.
: 296, Note.
460
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
John Dermay, pr. ult. Feb. 1415, by John Wakerying,
Prebendary of Thame.
Robert Si/bford, pr. 9 Sept. 144-2, by Will Chadworth,
Prebendary.
John Parker, pr. 7 Mar. 150.3, by the same.
William Goedrick, collated 1 Feb. 1536, by John
Longland, Bishop of Lincoln, by grant from the Pre-
bendary of Thame.
Robert Willeston, pr. 7 Aprl. 1541, by George
Heneage, LL. B. Dean of Lincoln, and Prebendary of
Thame.
Edward Daiborn, pr. 27 Nov. 1 545, by the same.
John Gall, pr. , 1556.
Francis Hall, pr. , 1 559.
William Johnes, occurs in 1606.
Richard Rcstell, signs " Curate" in 1629.
Tliomas Hennam, or Hennant, A.M. occurs in 1629;
but elsewhere mentioned as succeeding to Thame, with
its Chapels, in 1664. He was related to Ant. a Wood,
and died at Thame.
Christopher Eshrigge, called Curate, 1635.
Hugh Willis, 1665. He was Master of Thame-
School, Vicar of Thame, and father of Francis Wilhs
of New College, Oxon. a distinguished writer.'
Edward Follows, 1 666.
William Clarke, 1681 and 1713; but intermediately
occurs the name of
John King, 1702.
Henry Bruges, . He was buried at
Thame, 6 May, 1727.-
Samiiel Thornbury, died in 1746.
Sampson Letsome, 1751 and 1753.
William Yate, signs " Curate" 1 Feb. 1756.
John Newborough, signs "Vicar" 16 Dec. 1759; and
at his decease, was succeeded by
Timothy Tripp Lee, instituted 1 Sept. 1759,
to the Vicarage of Thame, with the Chapelries of.
Sydenham, Towersey, and Tetsworth. He was also
Master of Thame- School.
THE CHURCH OR CHAPEL,
dedicated to St. Katherine, is a mean edifice, with a very unsightly disproportion of roof; and
consists of a nave and chancel, about sixty-two feet long and twenty-two feet wide, with a tower at
the west end twelve feet square, on which is a frame of wood containing four bells, and a saint's bell.
On the south side of the nave is a porch, formerly of two stories, having above the door one small
window, and another on each side.
At the east end of the chancel is a window with two cinquefoil-headed lights and quatrefoils in the
spandrils, and a smaller window on each side.
On the north side of the nave is a deeply recessed window of three lights, with mullions and slipped
trefoils ; and many fragments of painted glass remain : amongst them a representation of the
Saviour in the act of benediction.
The nave and chancel iire ceiled ; the latter having an embattled cornice. Near the east end of
the south wall is a niche for a piscina, and near the east window are two corbelled brackets. The
communion table, small and rude, enclosed with plain rails : the pulpit, on the north side of the nave,
of the time of King James, and has the iron frame for an hour glass remaining affixed to it. The
font, near the west end, is circular, columnar, about two feet high, twenty inches in diameter, and
stands on two high steps. Many of the old open seats remain. The Creed, &c. painted formerly on
the north wall, have been hitely obliterated.
On the north side of the chancel, infixed in the wall,
with the arms of Toures: a chevron between three
towers embattled, is inscribed as a motto, " In the
Lord I shall put trust."
On a tablet below :
Here lieth the Body of Mary, the late wife of Edward
Towers, who departed this life 23 day of June, in the
year of our Lord 1696, being aged
Wood's Athene, vol. ii. p. 996.
" Paroch. Regist.
TOWERSEY. 461
On a small slab of white marble : fillets of brass, having- an imperfect inscription in
Here lieth the body of Alice, y= Daughter of 'rhomas *^^ ^^^ ^^"^'' '•
& Anne Phillips, of Wornall. She died an Infant, Nov. mtUSf ^^'^S^ mV^
ye 24th^ J 729. Along the verge :
pra^jett for tf)c S»ota)l50
In the floor of a pew, formerly much orna- of fflS^iJU"" & CTrigtian '
mented, on the north side of the nave, is a grey ^VUnllcU & ^UllJan ISavtJbolOmttD
marble, apparently the longitudinal section of the CTolUnsritige ^ iH^jS tt^ WB^tf ^ ffl23tU"'-
cover of a tomb, now lying north and south, with {\itv 0011 tljat fjCV* \Stf)t ■ • Olt toljOlSC -SOUljJg
the mark of an escutcheon, and portions of OV' HoiD 3f)U ftabe mCVCl), ^mcit.
PAROCHIAL CHARITIES.
Dame Catherine Pye, by indenture dated 15 Nov. 1733, conveyed a farm in Towersey to certain trustees, to
provide instruction for twenty boys or girls of Bradenham, Towersey, Princes-Risborough, Hughendon, and West
Wycombe anmialli/. The children " to be taught to know the letters of the Alphabett, and to spell English truely,
and to get perfectly by heart the Church of England Ca/ec/t2s?n, and no other:" in order to which "a Schoolmaster or
Dame" to be " allowed for every Alphabeter," at Qs. salary; every Speller, Gs. every Cathechismer, lis. A Writing
Master to teach ten of the boys " to write one hand very well," such as shall be for the time most in use ; and to
cast accounts so well as perfectly to understand Numeration, Addition, Substraction, Multiplication, and Division,
and to be supplied with pens, ink, and writing paper : with an allowance of 325. to the Schoolmaster for every
Writer and Accomptant with pens, &c. The children to be examined annually by the Treasurer, who is to be
nominated by the twelve Trustees, with an allowance of 5Z. per ami. the Trustees being allowed 40s. for the
expenses of their annual meeting " on the 24th of June, or such other day as they shall see most expedient," when
the accounts of the Treasurer are to be rendered, of the receipt of the rents, and of disbursements, in a book kept
for that purpose. The Trustees to be chosen and renewed in perpetual succession out of members of the Church
of England ; and if either or any of the parishes to be benefited shall not have children according to the proportion
allowed, they shall be suppHed out of other parishes : and if any surplus arise, after the payment of the expenses
of the school, it is to be given for apprenticing the children instructed therein.-
The estate let, in 1830, at 54?. per ami. the Trustees being Sir John Dashwood King, Bart, of Halton; John
Norris, Esq. of Hughendon; John Grubb, Esq. of Horsendon, Rev. Isaac King, Rev. ... Vincent, Rev. Timothy
Tripp Lee, and Rev. Richard Meade, Incumbents of West- Wycombe, Hughendon, Towersey, Horsendon,
and Princes-Risborough.
THE REGISTER
begins in 1589, and contains, among other entries, the following names of the Belson family, con-
siderable proprietoi's of land in this and the neighbouring parishes.^
Mary, wife of John Belson, burled 18 Sept. 1631. Edmond, son of the same, bap. 22 Jan. 1642.
Mary, dau. of Stephen Belson and Judith his wife, Stephen, their son, 20 April, 1648.
bapt. 6 April, 1638.
1 No doubt Willm. de Grenville and Christian, his wife, mentioned in the Fine Rolls of 38 Hen. III.
2 The defects of this record are partly supplied by the delineation of the effigies and arms, in an illuminated and
emblazoned pedigree, in the possession of Charles Cottrell Dormer, Esq. of Rowsham, co. Oxon. in which the figures are
represented of a man in armour, with a large helmet and plume. At his left hand, a lady richly habited, with a long veil ;
and seven sons and seven daughters kneeling. At the corners these arms : 1. Quarterly 1 and 4, three fleurs-de-lis : 2.
a lion ramp. 3. a bend fusile : on a chief, three fleurs-de-lis. 2. Quarterly 1 and 4. between flaunches party per fess,
in chief a lion ramp, in base chequ^ : .... 2 and 3 within a border engrailed a lion ramp, charged on the dexter
shoulder with a mullet.
' See Pedigree of Belson, page 103.
462
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Mary, dau. of Richard Belson, and Hannah his wife,
bur. 1-2 Feb. 1690.
EHzabeth, dau. of Richard Belson, bap. .30 Jan. 17.31.
Charles, son of John and Ann Belson, bap. 7 March,
1736.
Richard, son of Richard Belson, bap. 21 Oct. 1694.
Charles Eskrigge, son of Christopher Eskrigge, Clk.
bom 20 Dec. bap. 22 Dec. 1635.
Rev. Thomas Horwood, mar. 23 Mar. 1722-3, to
Elizabeth Clarke.
Rev. Jolni Kipling and EHzabeth Deeley, married 4
Aug. 1729.1
Sir John Clarke, Kt. and Bart. bur. 10 Oct. 1660.-
Johannah Clarke, dau, of Mr. William Clerke, Vicar,
bapt. 24 April, 1681.
Mary, dau. of Thos. and EUzabeth Hearn, bapt. 23
Sept. 1757.
Richard Way, Coroner, buried 3 Dec. 1784,
Christopher Petty, Esq. buried 7 Jan. 1739.
Thomas Pankerd Phelps, mar. 10 July, 1809, Jane-
Theodosia Lupton.^
Henry Reynolds and Ann Head, married 24 Dec.
1771.^
John Reynolds' and Arabella Winter, mar. 23 June,
1808.
Charnell Johnes, sonne of Wm. Johnes, Clk, born 5
June, Thursday, between 11 and 12 o'cl. in the night,
& christened 11 June, 1606.
Joseph Brambley, a Soldier and Officer in the Warrs,
and Lydia Harman, mar. 9 May, 1645.
' See page 36, 124, 142.
* See page 237.
" At Thame it is presumed, not here
5 Ibid.
Towersey.
At Thame.
WADDESDON. 463
WADDESDON,
WITH WARMSTONE, EYTHORPE, CRANWELL, BICHENDON.
WESTCOTE, COLEWICH,
HAM, OR WODEHAM, and BLACKGRAVE.
WADDESDON, which has been said to derive that name from Wade and Don, a httle hill near
the course of a small brook, called the Wade,^ may, with quite as much probability, be supposed thus
designated from the old British terms Wode (Wood) and Don : the rising ground on which the Villiage
stands (for it does not deserve the appellation of a hill) being scarcely cognizable, excepting on the
approach from the west ; and the brook so obscure, as with great difficulty to be traced. This
Parish is situated in the Vale of Aylesbury, six miles west of that Town : the old Roman military
Akeman-street way having passed near or through it, north of the Church ; and in modern days,
part of its course being made the turnpike road from London, through Aylesbury to Bicester, in
Oxfordshire.
Waddesdon, with its Hamlets, is bounded north by Grendon-Underwood, Doddershall, Quainton,
and Pitchcott; east by Hardwick, Fleet-Marston, and Hartwell ; south by Stone, Dinton, and Over-
Winchendon ; and West by Ashendon, Wooton-Underwood, and Grendon ; containing about 5000
acres. The soil a stiff clay, with various loams, and strata of lime-stone.
In the ancient division of the County this Parish was reckoned of greater extent and note, than any
other in the Hundred, and not only gave name to that portion of it, which, before the reign of
Edward H. was denominated Votesdon Hundred;" but was then, and still is, the head of a Rural
Deanery, in the ecclesiastical division of the diocese of Lincoln.
Having undergone many changes, especially in modern days, since the Inclosure of the com-
mon fields, it appears to have gradually sunk into less and less comparative importance, and probably
owes the little interest, which it still maintains in a topographical view, to one of the principal
roads of the County passing through it.
The Population in 1801, was returned at 1430 ; in 1821, at 1616 ; and in 1831, at 1454 ; exclu-
sive of 242 in Westcote, and in Woodham thirty-eight (which had, no doubt, been included in the
previous statement) making an increase of about one-sixth in ten years.^
1 Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon. = See page 4.
3 In the counter-part, kept in the Parish-Chest in the Church, of a Return made by John Terry, Clk. Curate here, to
Questions propounded to the Ministers of Parishes throughout England, it is represented that the number of acres inclosed
in Westcote Field, by an Act of Parliament passed in 1765 (6 Geo. III.) was about 1100; that in 1774, the residue of the
Parish of Waddesdon was in like manner inclosed, being about 1300 acres, principally "arable, common-meadow, and
commonable lands ;" that in Westcote Field about 123 acres were annually sown with wheat; and in Waddesdon, about
200 acres; a remark being subjoined on the great increase of poor, and consequent burthen of parochial rates after the
inclosure ; and a decrease of grain and stock of all kinds.
464 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
THE MANOR.
which before the Norman Invasion, had belonged to Queen Edith/ and was in the hands of her free
tenant, Brictric, and estimated at 30/. jwr mm. is mentioned in the Domesday Survey, as part of the
possessions of Milo Crispin, taxed at twenty-seven hides. Here were twenty-eiglit ploughs or caru-
cates of land.
In the demense were ten hides, and there were eight ploughs ; and one villein with ten bordars,
had twenty ploughs, There were seventeen servants, and one mill of 12s. annual rent, and pasture
for twenty-eight teams. The woods were sufHcient for 150 hogs. Altogether worth 30/. per ann.
when ]\Iilo first had the estate, 16/.; in the time of King Edward, 30/."
Waddesdon, though not previously included in the possessions of Wigo de Walingford, which by
the marriage of his grand-daughter Maud, had come into the hands of Milo Crispin;^ but being by
the gift of the Conqueror bestowed upon the same chieftain, was thus united to that inheritance, and
subsequently held under tlie Honour of Walingford, in the same manner and with the same privileges
as the rest of that seigniory, until having reverted to the Crown ; this estate was granted by King
Henry II. to Henry de Oxford.* This Henry of Oxford, was probably no other than Henry D'Oily,
son of Robert D'Oily, founder of Oseney-Abbey (by Edith Forne, elsewhere mentioned as the King's
concubine)^ and grandson of Nigel D'Oily, whose interest in his brother estates had been purchased by
Milo Crispin ; and which Henry might have been permitted to hold some portion of the inheritance,
or to have received it (as indeed the words of the record seems to imply) by an especial grant of the
King, to whom he was Constable. He was probably denominated of Oxford, either because that
City had been the seat of his ancestors, because he was born there, or because he held the important
office of Sheriff of that County.'^ After his death, the King bestowed this manor upon Reginald de
Courtenay; but in the Testa de Nevil, it is expressed that, at the time of compiling that Book,
Waddesdon was held by Simon de Pateshull, at the King's pleasure. The name of Pateshull, in con-
nexion with tliis place, only occurring on this occasion. He was a subfeudatory tenant under the
Barony of Bedford, Sheriff of that County and Bucks (then united) from 1262 (47 Henry HI.) to
1266 ; and it is probable, that he might have merely held this manor officially, during a temporary
absence of John de Courtenay beyond the seas, or under a sequestration. It certainly was soon after-
wards in the possession of Reginald de Courtenay, to whom this estate was given by King Henry HI.
Reginald, was grandson to Lewis le Gros, King of France, whose youngest son Flories, having mar-
ried the heiress of Courtenay, their son Reginald assumed the family name of his maternal ances-
tors. Ptcginald married two wives ; by the first, whose name is unknown, he had a son William
Courtenay ; and by his second wife Hawise, sole daughter and heir of Robert d'Albrincis, or
D'Albrineis, by Maud, Baroness of Oakhampton (a descendant from Baldwin de Brioniis and Albreda
niece of William the Conqueror) another son called Robert.' He had, also, by his first wife, a
1 See LUDGERSHALL, p. 30.5.
2 Terra Milonis Crispin. In Votesdone Hd. CD'. Ip.se Milo ten'. Votesdone, p. xxvii. hid' se defd .Tra'. e xxviii, car'.
In dnio x. hidae et ibi sunt viii. car', et i. uilli cu. x. bord lint. xx. car". Ibi xvii. serui et i. molin de xii. sol. ptu.
XXVIII. car'. Silua cl pore'. In totis ualent ual. xxx. lib. Qdo recep : xvi lib. T. R. E'. xxx lib. Hoc 00. tenuit Brictric
ho Eddid. regina;. [Lib. Censual. torn. i. f. 150.]
^ See page 17.
^ Tenipe dni Reg' H. sedi tenuit Henr. de Oxon' maner'. de Wottlesd'on ex done ejusdem Reg' & post mortem ipsiiis
Henr' tadiditdnus Rex maner' illud Regin' de Curtenay tenend'. Simo. de Pateshull ten. m°. maniii. ist'd. p. voliitate dni
R. [Test, de Nevil. p. 115.]
5 See Steeple-Claydon. 6 gee Pedigree of Doiley : also page 18. ' Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 634.
WADDESDON. 465
daughter Egeline, who was married to Gilbert Basset, a man of great wealth and authority, who with
the said Egeline, was a munificent benefactor to the Priory of Burcester, or Bicester, to which, in
the reign of Richard I. they gave all their lands in Waddesdon and Westcote, described as part of her
marriage portion, in pure and perpetual alms, for the health of their own souls, and of the soul of
Thomas their son ;' by a Charter, of which the Seal, appendant, represented a knight on horseback, in
armour with his sword drawn, and circumscribed : "^ Sigil. Gilberti Basset.""
Maud, Baroness of Oakhampton, styled also Viscountess of Devonshire, was the only daughter and
heir of Randolph Avenel, and was twice married. Her second husband, Robert Fitz-Edith (a natural
son of King Edward I.) had by her a daughter, named Maud after her mother ; and Reginald de
Courtenay (to use the words of Dugdale) " discerning the advantage of being guardian to these great
heiresses, who were half-sisters, took Hawise the elder, for his own wife, and matched Maud the younger,
to his son William :" and the disparity of age between Reginald de Courtenay and his second wife,
may have occasioned some of those errors which have occurred in the accounts preserved of this family.
Maud, the mother o; these heiresses, survived her second husband only some few months, and died
in 1173.
Reginald de Courtenay died in October, 1194 (4 Ric. I.) and was buried in Ford-Abbey, co.
Devon, to which he had been a benefactor ; and which House was founded by his wife's ancestors,'
and this manor of Waddesdon was part of the dower of his widow. In the account by Kennet (who
cites Roger Dodsworth in support of it) she is called Maud, but according to the preceding I'clation
not Maud, but Hawise, became the wife of Reginald de Courtenay ; and instead of surviving until
1223 (8 Hen. HI.) according to Kennet, Hawise is recorded in the books of Ford-Abbey,^ to have
died in 1209, so that the precept to the Sheriff of Bucks, in the 8th or 9th of Henry HI. must have
had relation to Maud, wife of William de Courtenay, notwithstanding the authority of Kennet and
Dodsworth, and their reference to the Placita f and again citing the like for a claim set up to a car-
ucate of land in Waddesdon against the Prior of Bicester.'^ But Dugdale uniformly speaks of
Robert de Courtenay, as the son of Reginald, by Hawise his second wife ; describes William as
1 Universis Sanctee Matris Ecclesiae filiis ad quos prsesens scriptum pervenerit Gilbertus Basset et Egelina uxor sua
Salutem in vero salutari. Noverit universitas vestra nos divinse pietatis intuitu concessisse et dedisse et hac prsesenti charta
nostra confirmasse Deo et Ecclesiae S. Edburgse de Berncestria et Canonicis ibidem Deo servientibus totam terram nostram
de Votesdon et de Westcote cum omnibus pertinentiis suis scilicet dominium nostrum cum vilnagio pro salute animarum
nostrarum et pro salute animce Thomm Jilii nostri et antecessorum et successorum nostrorum eis possidendam in puram et
perpetuam elemosinam liberam etquietam ab omni exactione et servitio seculari salvo Domini Regis servitio quantum ad
terram scilicet de Votesdon et de Westcote ego Gilbertus Basset et Egelina uxor mea et haredes nostri waranti-
zabimus saepedictis canonicis contra omnes in perpetuum. Et ut haec donatio nostra rata et inconcussa permaneat
earn sigilli nostri impressione roboravimus. Hiis testibus : Petro Abbate de Woburn : Hugone Abbate de Oseneia : Ada
Abbate de Mussenden : Thom. Basset: Alano Basset: Henrico filio Geroldi : Rob. de Amari : Reginaldo de Curtenei
filio Willielmi : Jurdano de Dantesie : Ric. de Calvertun : Willielmo Persona de Scalceford : Acelino de Peritune :
Phillippo de Covele : Roberto Boscher : Rogero de Covele : et pluribus aliis. [Ex Orig. penes Hon. Gui. Glynne Bti.
in Kennet's Paroch. Antiq.]
= Ibid. 'Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 634. Monast. Anglic, vol. v. p. 380.
* Monast. Anglic, vol. v. ut supra.
5A. D. 1224. Rex Vicecom Buk. &c. Salt™. Precepimus tibi qd sine dilatione plenam seisinam habere facias Roberto
de Courtney deM.de Wotesdon cum pertinentiis quod Matilda de Courtney tenuit in dotem post mortem Reginald! viri
sui Avi praedicti Roberti cujus haeres est. Teste Rege. [Kennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. i. p. 177. Dodsworth's MSS.
vol. ciii. f. 99.]
6 Placita apud Westmonast. in Oct. 5. Hilarii. 4. Hen. III. Buck. Matildis de Courtenai versus Priorem de Burnecester
unam carucatam terrse in Wottesdon ex dotatione Reginaldi de Courtenai. Priorem dicit quod ipsa est de potestate &c.
[Rog. Dodsworth's MSS. vol. xlii. p. 131.]
VOL. I. 3 o
466
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
eldest son of Reginald and the founder of Wospring-Priory, co. Somerset, and says, that his Lordship
of Badmandesfield, in Suffolk, was claimed by William de Cantilupe and Vitalis Engaine, as his heirs,
in the 26th of Hen. HI.' twenty-three years after the lime when Maud is styled widow of William de
Courtenay, in the MSS. of Dodsworth before cited.
Robert de Courtenay in 1205 (7 Joh.) gave five hundred pounds and five palfreys for livery of the
honour of Oakhampton, the inheritance of Hawise his mother, with the vast estate of ninety-two
knights' fees belonging to it," and in 1211, his mother being dead, he undertook to pay 1200 marks
more, for homages for the same honour, then in the king's hands : and, the next year, to be acquitted
of that debt, agreed to serve the King with twenty armed men for one whole year, wheresoever the
king should appoint. In 1216, (18 Joh.) he held Exeter by descent from Hawise; and the barons
being then in arms against the King, this Robert was assisted by William de Briewer (who had
married his wife's sister) in defence of that city. In 1 Hen. HI. he had also livery of the Bailiwick of
the County of Devon, and notwithstanding his mother's hereditary right to that sherifalty, accepted
the office by a grant from the king (2 Hen. HI.) and after about seven years, delivered it up to the
sovereign.
PEDIGREE OF REDVERS, AVENEL, and COURTENAY, EARLS of DEVONSHIRE.
From Harleian MSS. Dugdale, Banks, W'eever, Kennet, Daniel, Coll
Gu. a Griffin ramp. Or. Redeers. Arg. a fess between six annulets. Gu. Avenel.
D, Duke of jN'ormanuy, Great Grandfather of William the Conqueror.==
Godfrey, Earl of Ewe, natural son.=T=
GiebeVit
&c. &c.
S. Three Torteauxes.
Earl of Brion, murdered. =
Baldwin de BnioNis, or Molis. second son, a follower of Willii
the Conc[. called Vicecomes, and Baldwin of Exeter.
n=j=Ai,ni:EDA, niece of Wi
1 the Conqueror.
RiriiARD DE REDVEns, Baron of Oakhampton, Sheriff'=pADEUZA.
of Devon, Lord of the Isle of Wight, Founder of I [Dug. Bar.
Brightley-Abbey, Earl of Devonshire : ob. 1137. torn. i. p. 255.]
Robert. Willia.m.
have been
buried at
Quarr.
*' son of Richard," Foun-
der of Bremer-Abbey.co.
Wilts. & Quarr, I.W.&
Ch. Ch. Hants. : died at
Quarr, 2 June, 1155.
=LUCIA.
[Dugd.
Bar.
255.]
William, surnamed de Ver-=
non, from the place of his
education, called Earl of the
Isle of Wight, 5 Ric. 1. sue-'
ceeded his '* nephew Richard"
in Poictieu, 15 John: ob.
temp. Hen. 3.
Mabel, dau. Rod
ofRobertE. de .'
ofMellent. Mai
[Mon. Ang. Chl
vol. v.p.
368.]
RANuLrii=f=ADELizA, Surviving of three
Avenel. I daurs. devisee of her brother :
I ob. 11 42, bur. at Ford-Abbey.
:RoBERT
Firz-
Edith,
of King
Hen. 1st.
ob. 1 Cal.
Jun.1172.
Ro- =f=MAUD, sole:
dau. Baron-
ess of Oak-
hampton,
Viscountess
of Devon-
shire: ob. 11
Oct. 1173.
Henry : ob.
Richard DEREDVERS.=f
juv.vita
Karl of Devon; Sheriff
pat. bur. at
2 Hen. 2. ob. 8 Hen.
Quarr,
2. at Ghent, qu. ?
WULIAM.
[Dugdale.]
;DlONYSIA,daU.0f Ba
Reginald, Earl of son of Will.
Cornwall, nat.son de Vernon,
of King Henry ob. v. p.
1st. 1216.
=pMA
, dau. of Warme-
Fitz-Gerald: mar.2dly, 15
Joh. to Fulk de Brent ; qui
ob. 9 Hen. 3 : mar. 3dly, to
Rob.Aguillon: ob.20Ed.l.
HAwsE,mar. Maud, mar. to William
to Reginald de Courteney,eld. son of
de Courte- Reginald, by his first
ney, [PED.of wife.
CouRTEXtY.] [PED.ofCoURTENEY.]
= dau. & hr. of Ralph Richard, '
de Dols: mar. 2dly (1 hr. of Baldw
Ric. 1.) to Andrew de of Devon: o
Chauveni.
). ^«c Balrwin de RFDVEns,=
Earl in ward of Gilbert de
p. Clare, Earl of Glouces-
;Ajiicia, dau. of Gilbert de Mary, dau. and at length sole
Clare.EarlofGloucester: mar. heir.: mar. to Robert de
24 Hen. 3.; 2dly, to Rob. Courteney, Earl of Devon-
Gynes: viv.1378: ob.l2Ed.l. shire. [Ped. of Coihteney'.]
Baldwin df Ri;DVEns. 5th Earl of Devon,
at his father's death : in ward of I'eter d
uncle of Queen Alianore : poisoned 1262.
Isabel, sis. and hr. Lady of the Isle Margaret, a
of Wight, Countess of Devon, wife Nun, at La-
of William Earl of Albemarle. cock, co. Wilts.
4-
Whcther son or grandson of Reginald, this Robert de Courtenay is on all hands agreed to have
married IMary, daughter of William de Redvers, Earl of Devonshire, (and on the decease of her sister
Joane, wife of William Briwer, without issue) became heir to the whole inheritance, and her husband
Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 636, 732.
sibid. p. 636
WADDESDON. 467
Robert de Courtenay, djdng in 1242, (26 Hen. HI.) left issue a son John, and a daughter Hawise,
married to John de Nevil, with whom she had "in frank marriage, lands of 201. per ami. part of this
manor of Wotesdon," allotted to her.^ Robert de Courtenay 's epitaph in Ford-Abbey, seems to
confirm the opinion that he was the son of Reginald, by this remarkable couplet: —
Quern genuit strenuus Reginaldus Courteniensis,
Qui procer eximus fuerat tunc Devoniensis."
John de Courtenay, son of Robert, in 1243, paid 100 marks for his relief, and doing his homage,
had livery of all his lands.^ He attended the king into Gascoigne, and in 1256, was summoned to
appear at Bristol with horse and arms to join in an expedition into Wales. In the next year, at
Chester, for a similar purpose. In 1261, (46 Hen. III.) he was constable of the Castle of Totnes.
Dugdale mentions his wife called Emma, but her family is not recorded: however, in 19 Hen. HI.
her husband had given lands in Hurst to the Knights Templars for the health of her soul, of his own,
and the souls of their ancestors.* His second wife Isabella, is described as the daughter of John de
Vere, Earl of Oxford ; (one of those palpable errors wholly irreconcilable with chronology) for she
was the daughter of Robert, third Earl of Oxford, by Isabella de Bolebec,^ and was afterwards the wife
of Sir Oliver Dynant, Knt. who in 1279, paid a fine of 100 marks for having married her without
the King's licence.''
John de Courtenay had the reputation of singular piety, for " returning from beyond sea, there
happened so great a tempest in the night, that the mariners expected shipwreck : but he bade them
take courage and labour hard one hour more, for then," said he, " 7vill be the time that my monks of
Ford do rise, by whose devout prayers we shall he preserved from danger." One of the company
answered, " there would be no hope from them, because they were all asleep." To which he replied,
" though many sleep, I am sure that many more are awake, and being sensible of this hideous storm,
do fervently pray for my deliverance."'^ The words in the MS. cited in the Monasticon,*" seem
capable of a more emphatical translation. " Et multi dormiant, scio quod eorum plurimi orationibus
etiam instantes devotissime pro me eorum servulo, quamvis et parvo, Deum in prsesenti obscerent et
implorent, nee possunt aliqualiter in tanto instanti periculo mei esse immemores, qui illos hactenus
mihi meritis pluribus in adversitatibus conservavi indemnes : ullo modo perire poterunt, pro quibus
illi tot et tanti die nocteque intercedunf et quia ego eos, et Hit me diligunt, scio et veraciter credo, quod
ipsi amplius et devotius jam pro me, meaque, salute, et in calamitate, apud deum intercedunt."
The pilot hearing him thus confident, said " are we to regard this frivolous talk ? being imme-
diately to perish." " Confess your sins and commend yourselves to God by prayers :" and not only
himself, but every one in the ship being in despair, this John only excepted, held up his hands and
prayed : *• 0 merciful God vouchsafe to hear those devout monks now praying for me, and hear my
prayer with theirs, that through thy goodness we may he preserved and brought to our desired port."
And immediately the tempest ceasing, they were all brought safe to land.^
He was afterwards a great benefactor to Ford-Abbey, and dying in 1273 (1 Ed. I.) was buried
near his father, before the high altar there. Hugh de Courtenay, his son, had livery of his in-
heritance in 1276. The Monks of Ford gave this Hugh a character very different from that which
I Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. i. p. 294. Dodsworth's MSS. vol. xlii. p. 148. 2 Dugd. Bar. Torn. i. p. 636.
» Rot. Fin. 27 Hen. III. m. Rot. Pip. eod. an. ■* Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 635, 637. « See Whitchurch.
6 Rot. Fin 8. Edvv. I. m. 1 1 ; also, Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 514. 7 Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 637. s Vol. v. p. 875.
9 Dugd. Bar. ut supra : and Monast. Anglic, torn. v. p. 379.
468 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
his father had gained, for having claimed of the convent certain services which he pretended that his
ancestors had reserved as their right, when they bestowed their gifts on that establishment, such as
allowances for the maintenance of his horses and hounds ; and affirmed that the monks were bound to
find carriages and furniture for his equipage, &c. alledging that John his father had such privileges in
the reign of Henry HI. and that himself had a travelling waggon provided at their charge, when he
went upon service into Wales : the convent disputed his rights, and he distrained upon their cattle
at Westford-Grange, and a great quarrel ensued, which terminated in the loss of the good opinion of
the monks on the one side, and of the favour of Courtenay on the other : and when he died, he was
not buried at Forde, but at Cowyke, near Exeter, a cell to Tavistock-Abbey ; and Alianore, his widow,
held Waddesdon-Manor as part of her dower until her death, which happened in London, after a long
widowhood, when on a journey out of Kent in 1328. She was also buried at Cowyke,' and Hugh de
Courtenay, their son and heir, succeeded to the estate. He had large possessions by descent, from
Isabell de Fortibus, Countess of Albemarle, which by special favour of the king, he was permitted to
enjoy without making proof of his age. He was knighted in 1326, and made a Banneret with the
accustomed ceremonies, (8 Ed. HI.) and upon his petition setting forth that he inherited divers lands
from Isabella de Fortibus, late Countess of Albemarle and Devonshire, and had received certain pay-
ments from the Sheriff of the County of Devon, but that the same had been withholden, and his rights
opposed by Walter Bishop of Exeter, Lord Treasurer to King Edward II. on an allegation that the
said annuity was granted to the ancestors of Isabell, under the title of Earls, and that he, the said
Hugh, not being an Earl, miglit not receive the same. The king directed his precept to the Lord
Treasurer and Barons of the Exchequer, requiring them to make due search into the records in their
hands, and to certify thereupon : which being done, the king by patent" granted to the said Hugh de
Courtenay, senr. the title of Earl of Devonshire, and directed his precept to the sheriff of that county
to make proclamation thereupon ; and another precept to the Treasurer and Barons of the Exchequer
to cause ISl. 6s. Scl. to be annually paid to him, by the title of earl, as his ancestors had formerly re-
ceived it.^
The children of Hugh first Earl of Devonshire, of the name of Courtenay, by Agnes, daughter
of Sir John St. John of Basing, co. Hants, sister of John de St. John, who married Isabella de
Courtenay, her sister-in-law, were four sons and two daughters. He died in 1310, and John, his
eldest son,* (but Willis calls him third son) having from his youth become a monk in the Abbey of
Tavistock, over which he subsequently presided from 1334 until 1319, he was succeeded in his title
and i)ossessions by his second son Hugh Earl of Devon, who had previously acquired the lands of
his younger brother Robert, in 1329, and in his father's life-time had been in the wars in Scotland :
and in 1342, went into Brittany, with a retinue of a Banneret, twelve knights, thirty-six esquires, and
sixty archers on horseback, being then Earl of Devonshire.' In 1347, (21 Ed. HI.) having become
infirm, his attendance in parliament and council was dispensed with, but afterwards recovering his
health, he had ])ermission to travel for one year : and soon after the institution of the Order of the
Garter, was admitted into that illustrious band of heroes. In 1352, with his brother Thomas
Courtenay, he was appointed a Commissioner of Array for Devonshire and Cornwall in the appre-
hension of an invasion, and in 1356, was sent into Brittany with other nobles, on the king's special
service. He married Margaret, one of the daughters of Humphery de Bolmn, Earl of Hereford, and
thus connected himself by a new tie with the Royal families of England and France. By her he had
1 Monast. Ang-lic. vol. v. p. 38, and Diigd. Bar. torn. i. p. 637. ^ Dated at Newcastle, 22 Feb. 9, Ed. III.
•■> Rot. Claus 8 Ed. III. in dorso m. 11. Claus. 9. Ed. III. m. 35. ; Dugd. Bar. toni. i. p. 638.
♦ Ibid, also, Willis's IMitrcd Abbeys, vol. i. p. 173. 5 Rot. Claus. 16 Edw. III. m. 32.
WADDESDON. 469
a numerous progeny, of whom Hugh de Courtenay, called the younger, was a man of note in the ex-
pedition into France in 1346, and was much distinguished by King Edward III. who gave him a rich
dress, in which he appeared at a tournament at Eltham, with " a hood of white cloth, embroidered
with dancing men, and buttoned with large pearls."*
This Hugh is in the records stated to have held " the Manor of Waddesden, with the advowson of
the church, in right of Maud his wife, daughter of Thomas Holland, Earl of Kent,"" and died without
issue in his father's life-time, seised of this estate.^ Maud survived him, and was married secondly, to
Waleran, Earl of St. Paul ; but this manor, after the death of Hugh de Courtenay, reverted to his
father Hugh, Earl of Devonshire, for at the death of that Earl " on Saturday next preceding the
Feast of the Holy Cross in 1377, he was found to have died seised of Waddesdon,^ and his sons
Hugh, Thomas, and Edward, having all died before him, the title of Earl of Devonshire descended
to Edward, son of the last-mentioned Edward Courtenay, by Emraeline his wife, daughter and heir
of Sir John Dauncy, Knt. who was the third Earl of Devonshire of this family; and in 1378, had
livery of his inheritance : and, after the death of Edward Prince of Wales, Earl of Chester, called
the Black Prince, Waddesdon was reckoned amongst the knight's fees of the honour of Walingford,
having been held by the Earl of Devonshire under the said prince, for 6s. Sd. per ami. payable at
Walingford Castle, and View of Frankpledge at Quainton.^ However, Margaret, grand-mother of
this Earl, and widow of Hugh, late Earl of Devonshire, possessed an interest in this estate, for by
Inquisition in 1391, she was found to have died seised of the third part of the Manor of Waddesdon,
and the third part of the advowson of the church held for term of life, as of the Honour of Waling-
ford."^ This lady was very rich, and by her will, dated 28 Jan. 14 Ric. H. bequeathed many con-
siderable legacies to the members of her family ; besides a distribution of 200Z. amongst the daughters
of knights and gentlemen (probably her retainers) towards their marriage portions, and to poor
scholars. She gave particular directions touching her funeral, and appointed to be buried " in the
Cathedral Church of Exeter, near to her lord and husband."
Thomas, third Earl of Devonshire, attended Queen Philippa at Gravelines with an armed force
to escort her to Calais, and in 1383 (7 Ric. H.) was constituted Admiral of the King's Fleet, from
the mouth of the Thames westward. In the next year, being Earl Marshal of Ireland, he was re-
tained to serve against the Scots, and three years afterwards, at sea, when an invasion was threatened.
He was also in the wars of France, and died in 1419, seised of this Manor of Waddesdon,^ leaving
Hugh, his son and heir, thirty years of age, who doing his homage, was admitted to his lands and
other privileges belonging to his inheritance, as Earl of Devonshire." Hugh, fourth Earl, had been
some little time before his father's death, entrusted with the command of the fleet, and afterwards
again served at sea, with three knights, three hundred and seventy-six men at arms, and seven hundred
and eighty archers, and held this manor at his death in 1422 : Anne, his widow, daughter of Richard,
Lord Talbot, being married, secondly to John Botreaux, Esq. Their son
Thomas Courtenay, fifth Earl of Devonshire, was only eight years of age when his father died,
but following the example of his ancestors, undertook before he had attained his full age to serve the
king in a voyage to France, in 1429, (8 Hen. VI.) when he was attended by one knight, twenty-four
men at arms, and four hundred and seventy archers. In 1440, he had livery of his lands, and his
I Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 639. 2 Ibid. 3 Esc. 48. Ed. III. n" 14. Cal. vol. ii. p. 332.
* Ibid. 51 Ed. III. n" 6. Cal. vol. ii. p. 358, and 1 Ric, 2. n" 12. Cal. vol. iii. p. 2, 4.
5 Esc. 2 Ric. II. n" 57. Cal. vol. iii. p. 16, by Inquis. at Wendover, 3d May.
6 Esc. 15. Ric. II. n" 16. Cal. vol. 3. p. 133.
1 Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 640. Esc. 7 Hen. V. n° 75. Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. i. p. 268.
8 Rot. Fin. 7 Hen. V. n° 8.
470 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
homage was respited. In 1451, he joined with those who had favoured Richard Duke of York, then
aspiring to the crown ; and having married Margaret Beaufort, one of the daughters of John Mar-
quess of Dorset, Chamberlain of England, by Margaret, daughter of Thomas Holland, Earl of Kent,
and sister and co-heir of Thomas, also Earl of Kent;' died 3 Feb. 1457, (36 Hen. VI.) leaving his
son and heir.
Thomas, sixth Earl of Devonshire, his successor, then twenty-six years of age, and an adherent to
Henry VI. in his wars, who obtained the grant for life of an annuity for his services, out of the lands
forfeited on the attainder of Richard Duke of York : but King Edward IV. ascending the throne, this
Earl was defeated and taken prisoner at To wton-field, on Palm-Sunday ,29 Mar. 1 460, and beheaded 3 April
following," leaving Thomas Courtenay his son and heir, who was also attainted in Parliament 4 Nov.
1 Edw. IV. and although sentence was not then executed upon him, his estates were forfeited to the
Crown ; and the King by patent bestowed this manor of Waddesdon, with the advowson of the
church, inter al. upon George Neville, about the same time translated from the Bishopric of Exeter
to the Metropolitan See of York.' This prelate was a younger son of Richard Neville, Earl of
Warwick (who in right of Alice his wife, sole daughter and heir of Thomas de Montacute, was also
Earl of Salisbury),* and brother of Richard called the stout Earl of Warwick ; with whom engaged in
a confederacy, and joining in an insurrection in Yorkshire, when the Earl of Warwick had surprised
King Henry in his camp at Wolvey, first brought him a prisoner to Warwick-Castle, and afterwards
carried him to Middleham, in Yorkshire, where he left him in the custody of this Archbishop : but the
King being indulged with the liberty of hunting in the park, effected his escape, and although his
keeper was suspected of connivance, it is certain that soon after his liberation, the King resumed the
grant before made, and transferred this manor and advowson by patent (14 Ed. IV.) to another
favourite, Henry Bourchier, Earl of Essex, with other lands, part of the possessions of Thomas
Courtenay, Earl of Devon, attainted.
Henry Bourchier was descended from Robert Bourchier, Chancellor of England, in the reign of
Edw. III. being son of Sir William Bourchier, Constable of the Tower of London and Governor of
Dieppe, by Anne, daughter of Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester (sixth son of King Edward
III.) and widow of Edmund, Earl of Stafford.'' He had served in the French wars, and bore the title
of Earl of Ewe; was, in 1446, (25 Hen. VI.) made Viscount Bourchier ; in 1454, Treasurer of
England; fought valiantly with the Earl of Warviick in the battle of Northampton ; and by King
Edward IV. immediately after his accession, w^as advanced, 18 Mar. 1461, to the dignity of Earl of
Essex. He married Isabell, sister of Richard Duke of York, and continuing in great favour with his
Sovereign, died 4 April, 1483, seised of this manor,'' and was buried at Bylegh-Abbey, near Maiden,
in Essex : this estate descending to his grandson Henry, second Earl of Essex, of this family, eldest
son of William Bourchier (who died in his father's life time) by Anne, daughter of Richard Widvile,
Earl Rivers.' Henry held this manor during the short reign of Richard HI. but whenKingHenry VII.
ascended the throne, being disposed to gratify those who had manifested attachment to the House of
Lancaster during the late contests, Waddesdon and Hillesdon manors were granted by patent to
Thomas Lovell, Esquire, of the body to the King,^ and Sir Edward Courtenay, Knt. of Haccombe, co.
Devon, was created Earl of Devonshire by patent, dated 26 Oct. in the same year, and divers manors,
(including these) were bestowed upon him as " late belonging to Thomas Courtenay, formerly Earl
1 Dugd. Bar. torn. ii. p. 122.
« Esc. 1 Ed. IV. Daniel's Hist, of Edw. IV. p. 181. Echard's Hist, of England, p. 217.
■' Rot. Pat. 5 Ed. IV. Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Dodl. •» See Pediguee of Neville, in Aylesbury.
3 Dug. Bar. toni. ii. p. 129. " Esc. 1 Ric. III. n". 31 ; and Dugdale's Bar. torn. ii. p. 130.
^ Ibid. p. 130, 131. B Rot. Pat. 1 Hen. VII.
WADDESDON.
471
of Devonshire, son of Thomas Courtenay, also Earl of Devonshire." This Sir Edward Courtenay was
the son of Sir Hugh Courtenay, of Boconnoc, co. Cornwall ; and on reference to the accompanying
pedigree of his femily, it will be seen, that as grandson of another Sir Hugh Courtenay, of Haccombe
and Baunton, younger brother of Edward the third Earl, he was the next in succession to the honours
of his ancestors after the death, without issue, of Henry Courtenay, only surviving brother of Thomas
Courtenay, who was attainted with his fether Thomas, the sixth Earl, after the battle of Towton. He
married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Philip Courtenay, Knt. of Molland, co. Devon, descended from
the same stock of the ancient Earls of Devonshire : and having a confirmation of the King's grant in
5 Hen. VH. died seised of this estate in 1509 : having, by his will, ordered his interment in a chapel
at Tiverton, where his wife had been buried. He was succeeded by his son,
William Courtenay, who, after having incurred suspicion of disloyalty, towards the close of the
reign of King Henry VH. was received into favour by his successor, and before he had been formally
admitted to his Earldom, died 9th June, 1511 (3 Hen. VHI.) at Greenwich, and was interred with great
pomp, by the especial order of the King, and with all the old ceremonies practised at the funeral of an
Earl, on the south side of the altar in the Black-Friars Church, London ; leaving issue by Katherine
his wife, daughter of King Edward IV. Henry, his son and heir, who possessed this manor, and
being so nearly allied to Henry VHI. was, without delay, restored in blood and honours. In 1525,
(17 Hen. VIII.) he was also advanced to the dignity of Marquess of Exeter, and obtained a grant of
part of the forfeited estates of Edward, Duke of Buckingham, attainted. He was very active in public
affairs during the early part of that reign, but was adverse to some of the King's measures, especially
to his favourite project, the suppression of Religious Houses, and being accused by George Pole,
brother to the Cardinal, was committed to the Tower, 5 Nov. 1538, (30 Hen. VIII.) brought to trial
in Westminster-Hall, found guilty of high treason, beheaded, and afterwards, by Act of Parliament,
attainted.
PEDIGREE OF COURTENEY, or COURTENAY, EARLS of DEVONSHIRE, &a
From Harleian MSS. Dugdale, Weever, Kennet, Daoiel, Co
Banks, and other Authorities.
Or. three Torteauxes ; with an augmentation to Henry, Earl of Devon and Jlarquess of Exeter, of a bordure quarterly England and Frati
2.W.
^Reginald de CounxENEY, grandson of Lewis le Gross, King of France, =pHawise, eld. dau. and hr. of Robert de Abrincis (son and
held Wadilesdon, temp. Hen. 2. ob. 5 Cal. Oct. 1194; bur. in Ford- hr. of Will, de Abrincis) by Maud, Baroness of Oak-
Abbey, Devon. [Monast. Anglic, vol. v. p. 380.] hampton, heiress of the Avenels, held Waddesdon in
I dower ; ob. 1 Cal. Aug. 1209.
William de Courteney,=
eld. son ; founder of Wos-
pring-Priory, co. Somerset :
died before 26 Hen. 3.
;Maud, half-sister of Hawise, her Egeline, mar. to Gilbert
mother-in-law, only dau. of Robert Basset, benefact. to Bices-
nat. son of K. Hen. 1. by Maud, ter-Priory, temp. Ric. 1.
relict of Robert de Abrincis. dead in 1214.
Emma, =John de Courteney, Lord of Waddesdon.^:
=ISABELL, d
19 Hen. 3. and Wavendon, held lands in Hillesdon ;
mar. 2dly
[Dugd Bar. ob. 1273, bur. at Ford-Abbey. [Esc. 2.
vol. i. p. 635-7.] Ed. 1. no. 27.]
[Pedig
Robert de CouRTENEY,=i=MARY, youngest dau. of Will,
called by Kennet, grand- I de Redvers, Earl of Devon,
son of Reginald ;ob. 1242 hr. of her sist. Joane, wife of
bur. at Ford- Abbey. | William Briewer.
Hawise, mar. 1230, to
John Nevil, had dower in
Waddesdon. [Kennet
vol. i. p. 294.]
X. of Rob. de Vere, 3d Earl of Oxford
i Sir Oliver Dynant, Knt. temp. Ed. 1.
Hugh de Courtexev, died 3 Mar. 1291, seised of Waddesdon Manor and=pj
Advowson, with IVeatcote ; bur. at Cowick, near Exeter, a Cell to Tavistock- |
Abbey. [Esc. 20 Ed. 1. n". 38 and 133. Monast. Anglic, vol. v. p. 380.]
i-LiANORE, dau. of Hugh le Despencer, byAliva, dau. of Philip Basset, of
Wycomhe, widow of Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk: ob. 2 Cal. Oct. 1328;
Siu Hugh de Courteney, Knt.=f:
born 1275 ; knighted 20 Ed. 2.
Banneret, 8 Ed. 3. Earl of
Devonshire, 9 Ed. 3. died 1340.
[Inquis. lacerat.]
Agnes, dau. of Sir John St. John, Knt.
and sist. of John Lord St. John, of
Basing, set. 17 at her marriage; died at
livertou, 1340, bur. 5 Cal. Jun. at
Cowick.
bur.
Sir Philip deCouute- Sir ti
NEY, Lord of ]\Ianedon, mas de
or Morton, co. Devon. Court
killed at the Battle of ney.
Strivelin,1314(8Ed.2.)
and Hillesdon
sABELL, mar to Sir John de St. John, Kt.
.veline, mar. to Sir John Giflard, Kt.
Igeline, mar. to Rob. de Scales.
I/>nGARET,mar. to John, orqu.? Nicho-
las, Ld. Moels. [Dugd. Bar. p. 620.]
472
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
JuiindeCourteney, HtT.H DECounTENEY, bom 4 Id.^:M
Abbat of Tavistock Jul. 1303, 2(1 Earl of Devon, K.G.
from 1334 till his held Waditesdon, IVavendon, and
death, 1349; called Hitorfon Manohs; died 1371, bur.
by some eldest son, at Exeter. [Esc. 51 Ed. 3. n°. 6.]
by others 3d son.
T, dau. of Humph.
Ijohun, Earl of Hereford ;
mar. 1325; held dower in
Waddeidon ; will dated 28
Jan. 14Ric.9. d. IG Dec.
1391 ; ordered to be bur. at
Exeter.[P.ofBoHUN,p.207]
.young 26 Ed. 3.
iMuniEL, dau. ELEANon, mar. to Sir
and co-h. of John de Grey.
Sir John de Elizabeth, mar. to Bar-
Moeles, Knt. tholomew de Lydell.
Lord Moeles.
1. Hugh de Cour-=31aud, dau.
1 ENEY, born 9 Apl. of Tho Hol-
1327, eldest son. In land. Earl of
France, 20 Ed. 3. Kent, mar.
Ob. s. p. 48 Ed. III. 2dly,toWa-
V. p. seised of Il'arf- leran. Earl
deidmi, jure. ux. of St. Paul.
[Dugd. Bar. torn,
i. p. 639.]
3. EDw.=pE.M
of Sir
John
Daun-
cy, Kt.
4.W1LL. deCourte- Sir
NEY, Bp. of Here- Cou
ford, 1389, London, ney, Knt.
Abp. of Canterbury of Powder^
1381. Ob. July, ham, co.
1396, bur. at Can.
terbury.
[Weever,p.82.]
Devon. Lt.
of Ireland,
7 Ric. 2.
EdW<RD CoVRTENEY,=pELEA^
3d Earl of Devon; 21
yrs. of age at his grand-
father's death ; Earl •
Marshal, 8 Ric. 2. will
dated 29 June ; ob. 5
Dec. 1419, bur. at
I'ord-Abbey.
Morti-
mer, dau.
of Roger
Earl of
M arch
and
Ulster.
LordCamois
ql Lord
Beaumont.
Courteney,
Knt. of
Haccombe
:Phi
dau. and
co-h. of Waring Arce-
dekene and Eliz. dan.
and hr. of John Talbot,
of Richards Castle, co.
Hereford.
courteneys
Viscounts
Courteney.
Earl of Devon.
JOANK.
JOANE
Margaret, mar. to Sir
Courte-
Theobald deGrenviUe.
Elizabeth, mar. 1st to
andco-hr.
Vere, 2dly to
mar. to
And. Luttrell.
Sir John
Catherine, mar. 1st to
Dynham.
Will. Ld. Harrington,
[Ped. of
2dly to Sir Tho. Eng-
Dynham.]
hain, Knt.
Anne, inuupt. 15Ric. 2
I.HUCH COUR.ENEY,
4th Earl of Devon;
born 1389. Ob. 16
June, 1422 (10 Hen
5.)
=Anne, dau. of Richard Lord 2. Sir Edw. (■ourtinev,= Eleanor, 2d dau. of
Talbot, sist. of John Earl of Knt. Adml. of the Fleet, Rog. Mortimer Earl
Shrewsbury, licensed 1 1 Hen. went on Pilgrimage to of March, byElea.dau.
5. to marry John Botreaux, Galicia. Ob. 1418, s. p. of Tho. Holland, E.
1440.
ofKe
..ofK.Ric.2.
Sir Hugh =f=MARGAnET,
CouRTENEv, I dau. and co-
Knt. of Bo- hr. of Sir
connock, j Tho. Car-
Cornwall, j meno, q.
I ' Camois.
ThOVAS CnunTENEY,=FM
.5th Earl of Devon ;
in France (8 Hen. 6)
Ob. 3 Feb. 1458.
CARET, 2d dau. of John de
lieaufort, Warq. of Dorset, and
Earl of Somerset, by Margaret
dau. of Thomas Holland Earl of
Kent, and sist. and co-h. of Tho.
also Earl of Kent.
Sir Edw. Courteney, Knt. cr.=pELizABETn, dau.
260ct. (l]':d.4)EarlofDevon. of Sir Philip
had a grant of lVadde>di}n Ma- Courteney, Knt,
nor, confirmed 5 Hen. 7. Ob. | of Molland, co.
1509, bur. at Tiverton. I Devon, bur. at
Maud,
verne.
ISABELL
Floren.
Df Tel-
lar. to Will. Mohun.
mar. to J ohn Trelawny .
Thomas Courtenev, 6th Earl=
of Devon, taken prisioner at
Towton Field, 29 Alar. 1460,
beheaded 3 April.
Henry Courte- Joh Cour- Joane, mar. to Sir
nev, beheaded teney, slain Rog. Clifford, Knt.
at Salisbury. at Tewkes- Enz. mar. to Sir
bury. Hugh Courteney.Kt
Sir Will. Courteney,— KATHERiNE.dau.
Knt. not admitted to the I of King Edw. 4.
Earldom ob.9Jun.l511. Ob. 1527, bur.
bur.atBlack-Fr.London. 1 at Tiverton,
TnoMAs Courteney, Henry Courteney, had
attainted 1 Ed. 4. his part of the lands forfeited
estates escheated to the by his father and brother.
Crown. 1 Ed. 4.
Eliza
= HENnv Courteney, restored
the Earldom of Devon, er. (17
Hen 8 ) W arq. of Exeter ; attain-
ted 1.5.39,31 Hen. 8. beheaded ;
Waddesdon, Sec. escheated to the
( rown.
to=pG
UDE, dau. of Will, Blount,
Lord iMountjoy, attainted with
her husband : will dated 25 Sept.
1558, bur. at Wimborne, co.
Dorset.
Henry Cour-
Ob. vita Pat.
Er.wARD Courtenev, restored to the
Earldom of Devonshire, 1 i\lay
Ob. innupt 1556, at Padua.
The estate, wliicli tliis family long held in Waddesdon, thus came to the Crown : and, in the next
year, the King demised to " Edward Lamborne the capital mansion or site of the manor of Waddesdon,
one close near Mill-Hill, two closes called Courte-Closes, one close called Courte-Park, one pasture
called New-Close, one parcel of land called Staple-Hill, one close called Busshe-Leese, thirty acres of
arable in Blakedonne, Littledonne, and Seme-pcce, one parcel of land called Shippe-Slade, one parcel
of meadow called Gibden-Seche, another called Lobb's-Lease, another called Bowyer's-Leese, one
pasture called Woddcsdon-Parke, one parcel of land called Gilden-Leese, one parcel called Pulput-
Acre, with their apinirtcnances in AVoddeston, parcel of the lands of Henry, late Marquis of E.xeter,"
(of high treason attainted) then in the King's hands, excepting woods, underwoods, wards, marriages,
mines, quarries, ami all other royalties to the said capital mansion and premises belonging :
hithend. to the said Edward Lamborne, from St. Michael's-day then next ensuing, for twenty-one
years, at 22/. Ms. per o)in.
In the same year, the King granted to John Goodwyn all the manor of Waddesdon, with its rights
BLACKGRAVE in WADDESDON. 473
and appurtenances, and the advowson and rectory or church of Waddesdon, with their appurtenances
to him, his heirs, and assigns for ever, in capite.'
The King likewise granted to the same John Goodwyn (with other lands in Westcote and Winch-
endon) all the lands, tenements, meadows, feedings, and pastures in Waddesdon, parcel of the
dissolved monastery of Bisseter (Bicester) co. Oxon, to hold in like manner."
John Goodwyn, Esq. of Woburn and Winchendon, held this estate at his death, in 1558,' audit
passed by the heiress of that family to Philip Lord Wharton. In 1654, certain enclosed grounds in
Waddesdon, Westcote, and Over-Winchendon, were conveyed by Indenture, 16 May, by Robert
Johnson, of Piddington, co. Oxon. and others, in consideration of 986^. 13s. id. as "part of the lands
forfeited to the Parliament," which being annexed to the estate of the Goodwyns, subsequently
descended to Philip Duke of Wharton, and by his Grace's trustees were conveyed with Waddesdon
and Winchendon Manors, under an order of the Court of Chancery, in 1725, to the trustees named
in the will of John Duke of Marlborough, K. G. and being vested in the succeeding Dukes of Marl-
borough :* in 1774, by an Act of Parliament* for inclosing 1300 acres of land in this parish, an
allotment was made to George Duke of Marlborough, K. G. for his separate estate, with reservation
of manorial rights, royalties, perquisites, and privileges ; and at his Grace's death, descended to his
eldest son and heir, the most noble George Duke of Marlborough, the present possessor.
Lands of the University of Oxford. — Sir William Sedley, Knt. and Bart, having been educated in
the University of Oxford, by his will, dated 29 Oct. 1618, bequeathed 2000^. to endow a Lecture in
Natural Philosophy, and his executors, having obtained a license of Mortmain,^ by an indenture
tripartite, between Sir John Sedley, Bart, of Ailsford, in Kent, of the first part ; George Croke, Esq.
of Waterstock, co. Oxon. and Gregory Hirst, of the second part ; and the Chancellor, Masters, and
Scholars of the University of Oxford, of the third part ; dated 11 Dec. 1622, certain lands in Wad-
desdon, late the property of Hirst, were conveyed and settled (to the amount of 120/. per ann. rent),
for the foundation of the Natural Philosophy Lecture in Oxford,' and vested in trustees ; and so con-
tinuing until the inclosure of the common fields, in 1774; an allotment in lieu of four yard-
lands and four acres, was made under an Act of Parliament then passed,** and vested in trustees for
the use of the Natural-Philosophy-Reader and his successors for ever.
BLACKGRAVE, BLACKGROVE, or BLAGRAVE,
is a hamlet at the north-east angle of the parish, included in the general survey of Votesdone, in
Domesday-Book, but part of the Honour of Walingford, and in the tenure of the family of l)e
Arcubus (with Eythrope) in the reign of Richard I. when it was held under the ancient feoffment ;
William de Arcubus paying scutage in 1196 for his lands here.
Part of Blackgrave had been given to the Priory of Walingford, at a very early period, and as all
the possessions of that religious house, in Bucks, were comprised in the inheritance of Wigo de
Walingford, it is probable that the donor was one of that family. This estate was included amongst
the lands of the Honour of Walingford, held by Edmund, Earl of Cornwall, at his death •,'^ and lands
here were in the tenure of Geoffrey de Neyrnut, of Fleet-Marston, in 1272.^° In 1291, the rents of
I Rot. Pat. 31 Hen. VIII. Test. 9 April. 2 Ibid. ' See Over-Winchendon.
* See Winchendon, and Pedigrees of Spencer and Churchili,. * Stat. 14 Geo. III. c. 24.
6 Ayliff's Oxford, vol. ii. p. 191.
^ Wood's Hist, and Antiq. of Oxon. Lib. 12. p. 42. Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 481. Ed. Prior.
8 Stat. 14. Geo. III. c. 24. 9 Esc. 28 Ed. I. n". 52. Cal. vol. i. p. 162. i" See Fleet-Marston, p. 326.
VOL. I. 3 P
474 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Walingford Priory, in Blackgrave were estimated at 10s. 6cL per ann.^ belonged to the Convent, and
so continued until its suppression, and were granted by King Henry VHI. to Cardinal VVolsey,'' for
the endowment of his College in Oxford ; and on the Cardinal's disgrace, being resumed by the
Crown, so remained until the reign of Charles H. when, in 1671, they were mentioned in a con-
veyance made by Francis Lord Hawley to Sir Ralph Verney, Knt. and Bart, describing a " reserved
rent or tenth of 6s. issuant out of lands in Fleet-Marston and Blackgrave, payable by Sir
Henry Lee.^
The property of the Verneys here was alienated by Sir Francis Verney, Knt. to the Lees of
Quarendon, about 1606,'' and subsequently, in default of male issue, descended to George Henry
Augustus, thirteenth Viscount Dillon, who alienated his remaining estate here, about 1820, to Robert
Lord Carrington, the present possessor.
Other lands in Blackgrave were, in 1348, passed by a fine between Hugh de Berewyk and Isabella
his wife, and John Blount and Elizabeth his wife,* which are conjectured, rather than ascertained to
have been, the same which, in modern days, became the property of John le Fevre, Esq. of Old-
Ford, CO Middlesex, and Heckfield, co. Hants, who died in 1796 ; and with whose sole daughter and
heir, Helena, this estate passed in marriage to Charles Shaw, Esq.'^ who, thereupon, took the name of
Le Fevre, in addition to his paternal name of Shaw. He was the son of the Rev. George Shaw, A.M.
Rector of Seaton, co. Rutland ; was educated at Cambridge, became a Barrister-at-Law, Recorder of
the town of Basingstoke, co. Hants. F.R. and A. S. and successively M. P. for Newtown, in the Isle
of Wight, Reading in 1802, and subsequently Bodmin, in Cornwall; and died 27 April, 1823, at
Whitehall Place, London ; having in 1818 (about five years before his death) sold this estate to
William Rickford, Esq. Banker, of Aylesbury, and since M. P. for that borough,' who is the present
possessor.
It seems doubtful, whether a fine passed in 1553 (1 Mary) " of a manor in Waddesdon, with divers
other lands and manors (as in Doddershall, Fleet-Marston, and Aylesbury)" between Nicholas Luke,
Gent, and Edmund Harvey, Esq. and declared to be the right of Luke, had relation to the preceding,
or, as appears more probable, referred to the following property contiguous, called
Potash-Farm, in Blackcjrave, (so called from the occupation of one of its tenants in the last century)
which was circ. 1800, sold by George Henry Augustus, thirteenth Viscount Dillon (who possessed it
with Quarendon) to the Reverend Thomas Bromley. He was of St. John's College, Cambridge, A. B.
1771; A.M. 1774; afterwards second Master of Harrow School, where he was esteemed a good
scholar, and superintended the education of many of the nobility, amongst whom, as reflecting great
credit on his diligence and talents, were William Spencer, Duke of Devonshire, K. G. Robert Henry
Earl of Pembroke (by whom he was afterwards presented to the Vicarage of Bishopstone, near
Salisbury, in 1811) of Henry John Viscount Palmerston, and John Charles, now Earl Spencer.
He was presented to the Rectory of Bighton, co. Hants, by J. and E. Eyre, Esqrs. and by his will
bequeathed his property here to his wife, Mary Rose Bromley, for life, with remainder in fee to
the Reverend Robert Wright, Rector of Itchen-Abbas, co. Hants, who, in 1795, married
Elizabeth Hyde, of Oxford. Mrs. Bromley, since the decease of her husband, in March, 1827,
' has been the possessor of this estate.
» Taxat. P. Nic. p. 46. ^ Rot. Pat.. 20 Hen. VIII. ' See Fleet-Marston, p. 329.
* See Middle-Claydon, p. 182. s Rot. Fin. 22 Ed. III.
6 Mrtiried at Tichmarsh, co. Northampton, 2 Sept. 1789. She died at Hammersmith, 3 Feb. 1811, having had issue
Charles Shaw Le Fevre, Esq. who married, in 1817, Emma-Laura, youngest daughter of Samuel Whitbread, Esq. M. P.
by the L:uly Elizabeth, daughter of Earl Grey.
I See Fli^et-Mauston, p. 328 : and Pedighee of Rickford, in Aylesbury.
EYTHORPE IN WADDESDON. 475
EYTHORPE, OR EYTHROPE, anciently EDROP.
This hamlet, south-east of the township of Waddesdon, forms, as its name seems to import, an
angle of the parish, and comprises three principal grazing and pasture farms, and the site and
demesnes of the capital mansion, now demolished, of its ancient and modern lords and possessors.
At the Norman Survey, Edrop was included in Waddesdon, and not separately described ; and
being part of the estate of Wigo de Walingford, of whom so much has been said/ it subsequently
belonged to the Honour of Walingford, and was held under its chief Lords. ^
Eythorpe was probably granted to the family of Arches, or De Arcubus, about the same time that
Waddesdon was given to the Courtenays.'
The first of the name recorded, as certainly connected with Eythrope, was Richard de Arcubus, in
the time of Edward I. but, as he held by inheritance, and others of the name were tenants under the
Honour of Walingford, at a much earlier period, it may not be improper to begin the account of this
family with
William de Arches, who, in 1196 (8 Ric. I.) paid scutage for three Knights' fees of the Honour
of Walingford.*
In the early part of the reign of Henry IH. Jordan de Arcubus also held three Knights' fees of
the Honour of Walingford, and paid scutage for them in the 19th year of that reign.* He was
doubtless the son of William de Arcubus, who was one of the feudatory tenants of that Honour in the
12th and 13th years of King Jolm.^
These Knights' fees are described in the inquisition taken after the death of Edmund, Earl of
Cornwall, in 1300, as situated in Ethorp, Woodham, Cranwell, and Blagrave, though it is recorded
in the Hundred Rolls of 39 Hen. HI. that two hides were in Ashenden.'
Jordan de Arcubus, or Arches, died before 1300, for in that year Richard de Arches held these three
Knight's fees.** It is stated in an inquisition that he died seised of the manor of Edrope extended,
and of a wood in Bernewode Forest appurtenant to the same f also of a capital messuage, seventeen
acres of land, fifteen of meadow, and three of pasture." In 1308, the same year, Walter de
Gloucester, the King's Escheator in Wiltshire, was commanded to take possession of the lands and
tenements in that county, of which Richard de Arcubus died seised ;" and it is clear that this was the
same Richard respecting whose lands Richard de Havering, Escheator within Trent, had previously
(33 Ed. I.) received command in a similar manner.^"
In 1312 (6 Ed. II.) Simon de Arcubus, son and heir of Richard, gave to the King 151. for his
relief, for three Knights' fees held in capite, in Hethorpe, co. Buck, as of the Honour of Walingford,
then extended, in the hands of the King.'^ This Simon was dead in 1315, for in that year the lands
and tenements of which he had died seised, were committed to John Walewayn, the King's Escheator,
in the usual manner,'* and this estate was afterwards in the possession of Alan de Arcubus ; who, how-
ever, does not appear to have immediately succeeded Simon, but to have held Eythorpe on the demise
of Richard, for, of Alan (who is in some accounts called Arches, and in others le Archer) it is recorded
1 Page 17, °~ Esc. 28 Ed. I. n°. 44. Cal. vol. i. p. 158, 162. Also 2 Ric. II. n". 57. Cal. vol. iii. p. 16.
'See page 471. * Rot. Pip. 5 Testa de Nevil, f. 193, p 59.
6 Lib. Rub. Scac. and Test, de Nevil, f. 219. 7 Rot. Hund. 39 Hen. III. and Esc. 28 Ed. I. n". 44.
8 Esc. 28 Ed. I. n°. 44. Cal. vol. i. p. 158, 162. 9 Esc. 2 Ed. II. n°. 54. Cal. vol. i. p. 232.
10 MSS. Le Neve. " Rot. Orig. 2 Ed. II. ro. 11. Abbrev. vol. i. p, 164.
1= Esc. 33 Ed. I. ro. 8. Abbrev. vol! i. p. 134. i' Harl. MSS. Abstract of Reliefs, n°. 34.
1* Rot. Orig. 9 Ed. II- ro. 14. Abbrev. vol. i. p. 227.
476 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
that Richard le Wayte, the King's Escheator in Wiltshire, had command (18 Ed. II.) to take into
his hands the lands of which the said Alan died seised :' and in the Rolls of the next ensuing year
the same Escheator had a precept reciting, that whereas Alan de Arches, deceased, held certain lands
and a tenement in Edrop and Crandewell, for term of his life, by the demise of Richard de Arches,
formerly Lord of Edrop, of his inheritance, by the service of presenting a slip of giUiJiower, as of the
manor of Edrop, &c. and that one Richard, son of Geoffrey de Arches, was his next heir, and of the
age of nine years, and the Escheator was commanded to retain the same, &c.- and by an inquisition
taken about the same time, Alan de Arcubus was found to have died seised of Edrop, and four virgates
of land in Crundewell, containing fourscore and sixteen acres, held as of the Honour of AValingford.^
Richard de Arcubus, who afterwards succeeded to these lands, is presumed to have been the father
of Simon, and the latter of another Richard." In 1342 (16 Ed. HI.) Robert, son of Richard de
Arcubus and Margaret his wife, joined in a fine of lands in Eythorpe, conveyed by them to Richard
de Weston.*
Eythrope was included in the Inquisitions taken after the death of Edward, Prince of Wales, Earl
of Chester in 1378,^ as three Knight's fees (returned together) in Hamme, Crundewell,
Ashendon, and Ethrope, being part of the Honour of Walingford : and in 1597, when Richard Earl
of Arundell, and Philippa, his wife, died seised of this manor, and of " one messuage and two virgates
of land in Ashyngton," part of the same estate, which had been in the possession of Edward, Prince of
Wales.
In the reign of Henry VI. Sir John Dynant, Denham, or Dynham, having married Joane, daughter
and heir of Sir Richard de Arcubus,' is presumed to have acquired Eythorpe as part of her inheritance,
but whether intermediately alienated is not exactly shewn. Sir John Dynham held C ran well, as well
as Eythorpe, in 1457 (36 Hen. VI.) if not earlier." He was descended from Oliver Dynant, who
married Isabell, widow of John de Courtenay, and daughter of Robert Earl of Oxford. In some
accounts he is said to have been the son of John Dynham, by a daughter of John Lord Lovell, and
grandson of another John Dynham, or Dynnat, by Joane, daughter of Sir Thomas Courtenay, Knt. in
the reign of Edw. HI.
Sir John Dynham was a Knight in 1429 (8 Hen. VI.) and in the wars in France. In 1435,
assisted in the relief of Calais, then besieged, and died about 1457, leaving Joane his wife surviving,
and John Dynham his son and heir, about twenty-eight years of age. He also was knighted, and
became a zealous partizan of the House of York, to whose interests he rendered great services at
Calais, in 1459, where, being under the command of the Earl of Warwick, he surprised the Lords
Rivers and Scales in Calais harbour, with several ships, and brought them safe to England. When
Edward IV. came to the Crown, Sir John Dynham was in high favour; and in 1466, was summoned
to Parliament among the Barons.^ He also had grants of part of the estates of Humphrey Stafford,
Earl of Devonshire, which had been formerly possessed by Thomas Courtenay, Earl of Devonshire,
before his attainder." He was employed in many important services, and made one of the King's
Privy Council. This Lord, with Elizabeth Fitz-Walter, his wife, founded a Guild or Fraternity in a
Chapel at Ulting, in Essex, was a Knight of the Garter, and dying without male issue living, his
sisters and their representatives became his heirs."
In 1499 (about two years before the death of Sir John Dynham, K. G.) a fine was passed between
Sir John and John Boucher de Fitz-Warren, Knt. and Cecilia his wife, John Arundell, Knt. and
» Rot. Orig. ro. 18. Abbrev. vol. i. p. 286. ^^ Rot. Orig. 19 Ed. II. ro. 1. Abbrev. vol. 1. p. 290.
sEsc. 18 Ed. II. n°. 18. Cal. vol. i. p. 317. * Banks's Ex. Baronage, vol. i. p. 290. * Rot. Fin. 16 Ed. III. n". 208.
6 Esc. 2 Ric. II. n° 57. Cal. vol. iii. p. 16. ' Dug. Bar. torn. i. p. 614. " Willis's MSS.
9 Rot. Glaus. 6 Ed. IV. and Dug. Bar. torn. i. p. 514. "> Ibid. " Ibid. p. 515.
EYTHORPE IN WADDESDON. 477
Elizabeth his wife, and Edmund Carew, Knt. and Katherine his wife, of " the manors of Ethrop and
Cranewell, and lands in Warmeston," and another fine between Sir John Dynham and John Zouche,
Knt. and Joane his wife, of the same manors and hinds.' According to Dugdale, the heirs of Sir
John Dynham were Joane, his youngest but sole surviving sister, the widow of John Lord Zouch, of
Harringworth, John Boucher de Fitz-Warren, or Warine, son of Sir Fouike Fitz-Warren, Knt. by
Elizabeth his second sister," Sir Edmund Carew, Knt. son of Sir Thomas Carew, Knt. by Margaret,
his eldest sister, and Sir John Arundell, son of Sir Thomas Arundell, Knt. by Katherine, his third
sister. But, according to Browne Willis, this estate at Eythorpe, after the death of Sir John Dynham,
came to his successor, Sir Thomas Dynham, whose will was dated 18 Sept. 1519, and proved 13 Feb.
next following, and who died at Eythorpe, and, according to his own directions, was buried in Ashridge
Monastery;^ where, likewise. Sir John Dynham, his son, desired to be interred, who is presumed to
have been father of Thomas Dynham, Esq. Lord of Boarstall ; ^ and although Willis'* does not ex-
pressly call Sir Thomas Dynham the son of Sir John, the identity of Sir John Dynham, K. G. is
clearly established by reference to the Patent Rolls,*' and the date of the death respectively of Thomas
Dynham, of Boarstall, his son and grandson,^ agrees with Willis's statement, farther corroborated by
other authorities; which yet leave a chasm in this part of the family pedigree.
Not long after the death of Sir John Dynham, Eythorpe was in the hands of Robert Dormer, Esq. who,
in 1535 (27 Hen. Vin.) was styled of Eythorpe.'* He was grandson of Ursula CoUingridge, heir
general of Arundell above-mentioned, who married Katherine Dynham ; and his family possessions in
this county had been then lately increased by divers grants from the Crown.^ By his will, dated
20 June, 1552, he directed William Dormer, his son and heir, (by Jane, daughter of Mr. Serjeant
Nevvdigate)'" " to assure the manor of Ethrop infer al. to Dorothy, wife of the said William, for
the payment of 100 marks per ami. for her life, which the testator had promised to her father,
Anthony Catesby, Esq. of Whiston, co. Northampton, at her marriage. She was the second wife
of William Dormer, who, at the Coronation of Queen Mary, was created a Knight of the Bath, and
they probably resided here at Eythorpe, in the life time of Sir Robert Dormer, his father. Sir
William Dormer dying in 1575, Dame Dorothy held this estate, and was married, secondly,
(and as his second wife) to Sir William Pelham, Knt. an eminent statesman and military
commander, the third son of another Sir William Pelham, Knt. of Sussex (descended from the
Pelhams, of Hertfordshire, in the reign of Henry HL and of the same stock whence likewise sprang
the Earls of Lincoln and Dukes of Newcastle) by his first wife, Mary, daughter of Sir Richard Carew,
Knt. of Beddington, co. Surrey, and " being brought up from his youth in the service of his country,
gained great reputation by his courage and conduct. He had the command of the pioneers in the
army of the Duke of Northumberland, when sent by Queen Elizabeth to assist the Scottish Protestants
against the French troops, and was one of the Commissioners to confer with the Queen Regent at
Edinburgh."'' He had a chief direction at the siege of Leith, where the fort which he built to batter
the town was named after him 3Iount Pelham. Having continued that siege until the peace, he was
afterwards employed in 1562, under the Earl of Warwick, to assist the Protestants in France ; was at
the taking of Caen, in Normandy, and in 1563, was wounded at the siege of Newhaven. When the
Earl of Warwick, in obedience to the Queen's command, offered to capitulate, Pelham was sent to
Marshal Monmorency, Constable of France, to agree upon the Articles of Surrender, and was one of
the four hostages for the performance of them. He was subsequently in Ireland, and for his services
was knighted by the Lord Deputy, in 1579 ; and on the death of Sir William Drury, Sir William
1 Rot.Fin. 15 Hen. VII. = Rot. Pat. 17 Hen. VII. ' See Ashridge in Pightlestiiorne.
* See Boarstall, and Pedigree of Rede, Dynham, &c p. 66. ^ MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon.
6 Rot. Pat. 17 Hen. VII. ' See Pedigree at page 66. " Hist, of Northamptonshire, vol. i. p. 493.
9 See Wing, Aston-Abbats, West-Wycombe. "> Pedigree of Dormer in Wing. " Stow's Annals, p. 641.
478 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Pelham was, 11 Oct. in the same year, chosen Justicier of Ireland, with the authority of Lord Deputy
ad interim, until the appointment of a chief governor. It is remarkable that he exercised the privilege
of conferring knighthood upon two gentlemen on the very day of his appointment to office. He
evinced great application to business, and regard for the interests of Ireland. During his government
he reduced the Baron of Lixnan to obedience ; besieged and took by storm Carrigfoil, in Kerry, then
occupied by foreign troops ; dispossessed the Earl of Desmond (a powerful and turbulent opponent)
of all his castles and fortresses, and having continued Lord Justice until Hth Sept. 1580, was suc-
ceeded by Arthur, Lord Grey de Wilton, K. G. He acquired the character of being " wary and cir-
cumspect in council, a strict observer of justice, who by prudent severity kept in awe the disaffected,
personally attended the courts to see that the laws were duly enforced, and, by his discreet interpo-
sition, reconciled many differences between the most powerful families in the kingdom, who had been
long disunited."' Queen Elizabeth appointed him Master of the Ordnance and a Privy Counsellor;
and in 1585, the Earl of Leicester being General of the Forces in the Netherlands, Sir William
Pelham was constituted Field-Marshal. In 1586, he commanded the English cavalry, and performed
many gallant services ;" was wounded in the body by a bullet, which pierced his buff doublet, at the
siege of Dowsborough ; and closed his eventful life at Flushing, 24th Nov. 1587. It is said that
" he had a strong memory, whereon he built his experience ; and a large experience, whereon he
grounded his actions ;" that he was remarkably happy in the choice of his friends (certainly an in-
dubitable proof of his own wisdom) " who were either valiant, ingenious, or wise." His government
in Ireland was peculiarly marked by vigilant attention to " the priests, the pulpit, the press, the
nohHitij, the ports, and to its foreign connections, by which he eminently contributed to place that
kingdom in a far better condition than it had long before enjoyed."^ By his will, dated 27 June, 1585,
he bequeathed " to Dame Dorothy Pelham, his wife, all his goods and chattels in his mansion at
Eythrop, or elsewhere in Bucks, as also her jointure, according to covenants amounting to 800 marks
per ami. appoints Dame Dorothy and his son, William Pelham, executors, and his very good Lords,
Sir Thomas Bromley, Knt. Lord Chancellor of England, and Sir William Cecil, Knt. Lord Burleigh,
Lord Treasurer, supervisors," &c.*
Dame Dorothy Pelham thus surviving her second husband, continued to hold Eythorpe, and in
1598 (42 Eliz.) was assessed for her estate here to the " Service of Beeves and Muttons for the
Queen's Household, at 21/. lis. 5^d." About 1610, she made many additions to the mansion, and is
reported to have built the west front. She died here in September, 1613, at a very advanced age,
leaving behind her a good name for hospitality, charity, and munificence, and was buried near her first
husband, Sir William Dormer, at ^^ ing, where she had endowed an almshouse.^
After her death, this manor devolved to Robert Dormer, her eldest son, who had been knighted in
1591 ; was advanced to the degree of Baronet, 10 June, 1615 (13 Jac. 1.) and created, 30 June
following, Barox Dormer of Winge.
This Robert, Lord Dormer, held Eythorpe of the King as of the Honour of Ewehnef and
numerous other estates in Bucks, and dying seised of this manor, in 1606 ; the same, with its appur-
tenances, descended to his grandson, Robert, second Lord Dormer, afterwards Viscount Ascot and
Earl of Carnarvon, who was slain at the battle of Newbury, 20 Sept. 1613, in the defence of King
Charles ; was first buried in Jesus-College Chapel, in Oxford, and said to have been afterwards re-
moved to Eythorpe.' This estate descended to Charles, second Earl of Carnarvon, whose patri-
mony had been considerably diminished by the effects of the Civil War, and at his death, in 1709,
' Cox's Hist, of Ireland. Also, Crawford's Hist. vol. i. p. 303. ' Stowe's Annals, p, 736, &c.
» Lloyd's State Worthies, vol. i. p. 488. Also, CoUins's Peerage, vol. i. p. 418.
♦ Regist. Rutland in Cur. Prerog. Cant. * See Wing. « Page 22. f Harl. IMSS. 1056.
EYTHORPE IN WADDESDON.
479
without male issue, Eythorpe passed by Elizabeth, his eldest daughter and co-heiress, to the noble
family of Stanhope, agreeable to the annexed table.
PEDIGREE OF STANHOPE, EARL of CHESTERFIELD.
Crest : On a wreath a tower Az. with a demi-lion ramp.
Proper. Supporters : Dexter, a talbot Erm
: Quarterly Erm. and Gu. Stanhope.
iiing from the battlements Or. crowned ducally Gu. holding between his paws a grenade firing
Sinister, a wolf Or crowned with a ducal coronet. Motto : A Deo et Rege.
;n Richard Stanhope, Knt.=p
temp. Hen. 3. and Ed. 1.
Sir Richabd de Stanhope. Knt. of Elstwyke,
CO. Durham; Mayor of Newcastle, 24 Ed. 3.
o. Northd. and Ulsworth ;
dau. and hr.
. Hought.
Elizabeth, dau. and hr. of=
Steph.Maulovel, of Ramp-
ton, CO. Notts.
=Sin John de Stanhope, Knt. M. P. for Newcastle, 1359 ;==Elizjbeth, dau. and hr. of The,
Mayor of Newcastle, 41 Ed. 3. Escheator for Notts, and de Cuily, of . . . . co. Warwick.
Derby, 48 Ed. 3. Ob. s. p. 8 Ric. 2.
JoANE, dau. of Robert,=T=SiR R
and sist. of Ralph
Staveley.
■1 Stanhope, K.B. at the Corona-^
tion of Hen. 4. M. P. for Notts. 4 Hen. 4. Sheriff
of CO. Derby, and Notts. M.P. for Notts. 9 Hen. 5.
andl,8, 9, andl2Hen. 6. Ob. 14 Hen. 6.
:Maud, dau. of Ralph, and Stepu
sist. and hr. of Ralph Lord
Cromwell, Treasurer of
England ; mar. 1400. Ob.
circ. 1454.
Richard Stanhope.:
Ob. vita pat. 2. iM ar.
1432 ; bur. at Tux-
ford.
;ELizABETH,dau. of Sir Tu
John Markham, Knt.
Ch. Just. K. B. Ob.
vidu^circ. 16 Hen. 6.
Elizabeth.
Agnes, mar. to
SirRob.Strelley
Knt. of Strelley
CO. Notts.
He
■ Stanhopf.=
p. 12 Aug.
John Stanhope, Esq. 24 years of age 14 Hen. 6.=j=Eliz<beth, dau.
M. P. for CO. Northton. 28 Hen. 6. &c. Sheriff of of SirTho.Talbot,
Notts, and Derby, 33 Hen. 6. and 2 and 3 Ed. 4. Knt. of Balshal,
M. P. for CO. Notts. 38 Hen. 6. 9 and 12 Ed. 4, co. Lancaster.
Margaret, 3d.
wife of Hen.
Statham.Esq.of
Morley, co.
Derby, ob. 1381
Joane, mar. to Humph. Bour-
chier, 3rd son of Henry Earl of
Essex, called Lord Cromwell.
Maud, mar. to Robert Lord
Willoughby d'Eresby, Earl of
Vendosme, in France ; 2dly to
Sir Tho. Nevile, Knt. younger
6on of Ric. Earl of Salisbury ;
3dly to SirGervase Clifton, Kt.
Ob. 1497, bur.atTattershall.
=Mary, dau. I
of Somerleyt
Stoke,
. Line.
4.
AvELiNA,dau. of Sir Gerv.:
Clifton, Knt. of Clifton, co.
Notts.
:Sni Edward Stanhope, Knt. a Commander at the Battle of=pELizABETH, dau. of Foulk Bourchier,
Stoke, 2 Hen. 7. Knighted at Blackheath, 12 Hen. 7, Sheriff I Lord Fitz-Warren, great-grand-dau.
of Notts and Derby, Constable of Sandal-Castle, co. York, ofTho.of Woodstock, Duke of Glou-
23 and 24 Hen. 7. Ob.6 Jun. 1511. | cester, youngest son of King Ed. 3.
Richard Stanhope, eld.=
son and hr. 1 0 years of age
at his father's death. Ob.
s. p.m. 21 Jan. 1526.
=Anne, youngest dau. and Sir Michael Stanhope, Knt. Knighted at Hampton-:
co-h. of John Strelley.Esq court, 37 Hen. 8. Gov. of Hull ; Gent, of Privy Cham,
grandson of Sir Rob. S. to King Ed. 6. M. P. force. Notts, imprisoned in the
by Agnes Stanhope. Tower, 1549; also, 1551 ; beheaded 26 Feb. Monu-
ment at Shelford, co. Notts.
Saunciiia,
sole dau.
mar. to J.
Bebington
Esq. 12
Hen. 3.
Sir Thomas Stanhope, Knt.:
of Shelford : Sheriff of Notts.
and Derby, 4 Eliz. of Notts.
16 Eliz. Knighted at Kenil-
worth Castle, 1575; M.P. for
Notts, 28 Eliz. Sheriff, 29 Eliz.
Ob. 3 Aug. 1596; bur. at Shel-
Margaret, dau. and Sir Edward Stanhope,
and co-hr. of Sir John Council, to Qu. Eliz. in
Port, Knt. of Etwall, the North ; mar. 6 Jun.
CO. Derby, by Eliz. 1604, at Waddesdon, to
sole dau. of Sir Tho. Mrs. Marg. Constable.
Gifford.ofChillington
CO Stafford, jet. 14 in
1556.
dau. and hr. of=
SirWilliam Knowles, Kt.
of Holderness.
:Ann
dau.
i'Nii
Rawson, Esq. of
Aveley, co. Essex,
Ob. vidua 20 Feb.
Anne, sole dau. mar. to
Edward Seymour, Duke
of Somerset, K. G. Pro-
tector of England, an-
cestor of the Dukes of
Somerset.
Sir John Stanhope, Kt.:
Gent, of Privy Chamb. to
Qu. Eliz. of Harrington,
CO. Northamp. M.P. for
Northamptonshire; Vice-
Chamb. and Treasurer of
the Chamber, a Commis-
sioner of the Union :
=Bahon Stanhope, 4
IMay, 3Jac. 1. Ob. 9
Mar. 1620.
of Hy. M<=Wil-
liams. Esq, of
Stanborne, co.
Essex; or (accord-
ing to Wood) dau.
and co-h. of . . . •
Rokesby.
[See Pedig. of
Harrington.J
Cordelia, dau. and hr. of=f=SiR Jo
Ric. Allington, Esq. by
Joane, sist. and hr. of Sir
Will. Cordell, Knt. of
Long-JIelford, co. Suff.
Knt. A.M. of Oxford,
1592; Knighted by
K. Jas. 1. Ob. circ.
1609.
=pD0R0THY, or Thoma«.
Catherine, q? Edward,
dau. of Thomas
Trentham.Esq.
of Rocester,
-K
CO. Stafford,
Catherine, dau. of Fra.=f=SiR Philip Stanhope, K
Lord Hastings, son and
hr. of Geo. 4th Earl of
Huntingdon; mar. 1605;
Ob. 28 Aug, 1636; bur.
at Shelford. Pedigree
of Huntingdon and
Hastings.]
at Whitehall, 16 Dec. 1605 ; Baron
Stanhope, of Shelford, 7 Nov. 1616
(14 Jac. 1.) Earl of Chesterfield, 4
Aug. 1628 (4 Car. 1.) held Lichfield
for King Cha. 1642. Ob. .. Sept.
1656, a;t. 72, bur. at St. Giles's in
the Fields, co. Middlesex.
=Anne, dau. of Sir
John Pakington,
K. B. of West-
wood, co.Worces.
wid. of Sir Hump.
Ferrers, Knt. of
Tamworth-Castle,
CO. Stafford
Sir John Stan
hope, Kn
Elvaston,
Derby.
Ear IS of
Harrington.
Knt. of T
n, CO.
Will. Stan-^^
HOPE, M.P,
for Netting™
temp. Car. 1. |
SiR Wm. Stanhope,
Knt. of Linley, co.
Notts. 1683 ; Gent.
Usher to the Queen.
Ob. s. p.
Jane, mar. 1st.
to Sir Peter
Courtena, Bart,
of Aldington, CO.
Wore. 2dly to
Fra. Visc.Valen-
480
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
John
Stan-
hope ;
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Sir HEN.=f
=CATH.eld.dau.and
Cha.
= .. . .
Fei<dinan-=j
= 1.ft-
Philip
EUWARD.
Stanhope
co-h. ofTho. Ld.
Stan-
dau.
DO Stan-
tice,
Stan-
W,LLIAM.
K.B.
Wotton; Gover-
HciPE,
of..
HOPE,M r.
(lau.
hope,
Michael.
1 Car. 1.
ness to Mary, Prs.
Ob.s.p.
Bay-
for Tam-
of
held his
Thomas.
U. I', for
of Orange, after-
at
ley.
worth.
Sir
father's
Geohge.
Notts.
wards Qu. Wary ;
mar. 2dlytoJohn
North-
1640; Col.
lien.
house
all died
Ob. vita
in the
Ker-
atShel-
Pi>tris.29
Van der Kirkho-
Kings
ford for
Nov.
ven, ofHenufleet,
Army;
Knt.
King
1634 (10
Car.l.^
in Holland. Cr.
LL.D. at
of
Charles
(12Car.2.) Coun-
Oxford,
lam-
killed
bur. at
tess of CnlSTER-
1642 ;
worth
tliere,
Bocton-
FIELD. Ob. 9 Ap.
slain at
27 Oct.
Malherb.
1677. having had
Bridgford
1643.
CO. Kent.
issue, Charles, cr.
Lord Wotton.
CO. Notts'.
1643.
Artmub^t
=.\NNE. S
Stan-
dau.of
hope, of
Sirll.
Mans-
Salis-
field,
bury, ]
M.P.
Bart.
for Notts.
of
1660-1 ;
Lle-
youngest
weny.
1656.
Den-
bigh.
to Sir Ric.
Eliz.'uet..,
mar. to I- d.
Davey Esq.
of New-
hall, CO.
Derby.
\-
Anne, eld.^
dau. of Al-
gernon Per-
cy, 10th E.
of Northum-
berland. |-
BHTLEB,daU.
of Jas. Duke
of Ormond.
Philip Stanhope, 2d Earl of Chester-=p
field and Baron Stanhope ; Lord
Chamb. to the Queen; U.C.L. at
Oxford. 3 July, 1669 ; Lord Warden,
of the Stannaries. Ob. 1713.
4BETH, eld. Catherine, mar. to
dau. and co-h. of Wm.Ld.AUington.
Cha. Dormer, 2d Mary. Ob. innup-
Earl of Carnar- ta, 1660.
I' of DOHMEU.]
Anne,
3. Cha. =pFrances, sole
Philip,
only
dau.ofSirFra.
Henhv,
dau.
HOPE,
Topp, Bart, of
died in
Esq. of
Tormarton, co.
their
Mansfield
Glouc.
infancy
Patrick
Earl of
Strath-
3d Earl
terfield ;
ob. 27
Cha. Stanhope took the=jANE
name of Wotton ; ob. dau.
s. p. 6 Feb. 1703,4; of
being devisee of his half- Gilb.
uncle, Charles Henry Thac-
Lord Wotton, of Wot- ker,of
ton CO. Kent, and Earl Rep-
of Belmont, in Ireland. ton,co.
Derby.
Lady Mary, mar. to Tho.
Coke, Esq.of ^Melbourne,
CO. Derby.
Lady CATnARiNE, mar. to
Godfrey Clarke, Esq. of
Chilcot, CO. Derby.
Ob. 1728.
Mici.AEL Stan-
hope of C. C.
Coll.Camb.A.H.
1701; A. Rl.
1705: S.T. P.
1717; Can. of
Windsor. Ob. 8
July, 1738.
[.Francis-
Edwin.
Henry.
.A^
PHILIC-DonMEnSTAN-=
=M,LIS1NA
Mar- =f=
hope, 4th Earl of Ches-
de Scuu-
CA-
terfield, born 22 Sept.
LF.M-
RET
1694-5 ; of Trinity-
EUIICJH,
dau. of
Hall, Camb. 1714,
Countess
J.
Gent. oftheBed-ch. to
of Wal-
Rudge
the Pr. of Wales, 1715;
singham.
Esq."
Capt. of Yeomen of the
1722, and
of
Guard, 1723, Lord
Baroness
Lon-
Steward of the King's
of Ald-
don ;
Household ; M. P. for
boroueh ;
mar.
St.Germain's. IGeo. 1.
niece of
27
Lestwithiel, 12 Geo. 1.
the
Apl.
Ambassador to Hol-
Duchess
1721 :
land, 1728; Lord
of Ken-
ob. 7
Steward of the King's
dal; mar.
Oct.
Household, of the Pr.
3 Sept.
1740.
Coun. 26 Feb. instal-
1733: ob.
1
led K.G. 1730 ; Am-
ba.ssador to Holland,
1745; Ld.-Lieut. of
Ireland, 1745; Sect, of
State, 1746 , resigned,
1748: ob. 24 Mar.
1773, bur. South-Aud-
ley Street Chapel.
Craw-
ley,
Knt.
of
Lon-
don ;
mar.
29
May,
1745;
ob. 15
Feb.
1746.
27 May,
1725; M.P.
withiel 1725
Vice-
Chamb. of
the King's
Household,
19 May,
Privy Coun-
sellor, 31
May, 1727.
M.P. for
Co. Bucks.
1727,34,47,
54, 61, and
till his death,
7May,1772.
Ob.s.p.
sist. of Sir
Blaite
Delaval,
6 Oct. ' "
1759;
2dly
to Charles
Morrice,
Esq.
ob. vidua,
2 Feb.
Melton-
ConstaTjle
CO. Nor-
folk.
Lord
of the
Ad-
miral-
l"7'48 :
ob. 4
Oct.
1748.
coel.
for Derby, Fred.
1734: ob. Thorn
20 Feb. haugh
1735-6, Esq.
a;t. 27. mar.
Gertrude, 1740
mar. 1724, ob.
to Sir Cha. .Mar.
Hotham,
Bart. Ob.
Elizabeth,
mar. to
Samuel
Hill, Esq.
of Shen-
stone, CO.
Staff. Ob.
17'27, Kt.
24. cccl.
1748.
!. p.
of Cha.
HOPE,
to
Headlam,
mar.
Esq. of
Mai-y,
Wo-
Ki^by,
dau. of
gan.
CO. York ;
Esq.
mar. 25
Phillips
Ob.
Aug.
l-.sq. 8
Eal-
1750:
Mar.
inK.
ob. Jan.
1742;
CO.
1764.
and left
M.d
3d. W.
issue
die-
Frances,
John,
sex.
dau. of . .
born
Board,
1744,
Esq. s. p.
and
Mar. 2dly
others.
to Rev...
1776,
Bigsby,
ob.
1782.
1790.
Elizabeih, only
dau. mar. to Wel-
bore Ellis, F^sq.
M.P. for Ayles-
Ob.ju
Annf, dau. of rhomas
Thisllethwayte, D. D.
of Southwick, CO. Hants,
mar. IG Sept. 1777:
Ob. 20 Oct. 1798, a!t.
43.
= Pnu IP Stanhope, 5th Earl of Chesterfield,^
b. 10 Nov. 1755; .Mast, of the Mint, Lord
Lieut, of Bucks. 1782 ; Ambassador to Spain,
1784 ; of the Pr. Couucil, Joint Post-Mast.
General, Mast, of the Horse, 1798; K.G.
1804 : d. 29 Aug. 1815, bur. at Bretby, co.
Derby.-
:Lady IIenkietta Tiivnne, Margapet, mar. 26
dau. of Thomas, Marquess Dec. 1776, to the
of Bath ; mar. 2 May, Rev. Cha. Smelt,
1799: ob. 31 May. 1813, A.M. Ob. 7 Sept.
at Chesterfield-House, Lon- 1811, at Cioding,
don, ffit. 52. CO. Notts, xt. 57.
[See WiNc]
Lady Habriet Stanhope, Georce-Augusti s-FREDEiiick
b. 9 April, 1788: died 22 Stanhope, 6lh Earl of Ches-
Nov. 1803, at Bradley, co. terfield, b. 23 May, 1805.
Staff. [Gent. Mag. vol. ,
Ixxiii. P. 2, p, 1099.] GFonr.E-PiiiLip.CEciL-ARTHi r Stanh'
Lord Stanhope, b Sept. 1831.
Eliz. Forester, Lady Elizabeth, b. 14 Nov. 1800 : ob. innupta 30 Oct. 1821.
u. of Cecil Lord Lady Georgiana, b. 15 Feb. 1802; mar. 14 Nov. 1820, to
;r, mar. Nov. 1830. Fred. West, Esq. only son and hr. appt. of Hon. Fred. West, son
1 of John, 2d Earl De-la- W arre : d. 14 Aug. 1824, at Blythe-
M E Hall, CO. Warwick,
eld. dau.
EYTHORPE IN WADDESDON. 481
Sir William Stanhope, K. B. second son of Philip second Earl of Chesterfield, by Lady Elizabeth
Dormer, his third wife, was created by King Geo. I. one of the new knights upon the revival of the
Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath, and installed 17 June, 1725. He resided at Eythorpe,
was distinguished by his wit, humour, and literary talents. He expended large sums in the improve-
ment and decoration of the house and grounds, lived in great splendor and hospitality, and was one
of that noted club of wits and ban vivants who assembled at Medmenham, under the frivolous, and in
some respects, disreputable character of Monks of La Trappe '.^ and dying without male issue, this
estate, in 1772, reverted to his surviving brother.
Philip Dormer Stanhope, fourth Earl of Chesterfield, whose official appointments are dis-
tinguished in the annexed table, and of whom it is also necessary to say, that he was attached to the
person of George Prince of Wales, afterwards King Geo. H. from his Royal Highness's arrival in
England, as one of the Lords of the Bedchamber ; continued in attendance after the Prince was dis-
missed from the Court of St. James's, and soon after his accession to the Throne, in 1728, appointed
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Holland, where he was very highly esteemed by
the States-General. It is reported, that having married Melisina de Schulemburgh, created Countess
of Walsingham and Baroness of Aldborough, by King Geo. H. being niece of his Majesty's favourite,
the Duchess of Kendal, and the King having bequeathed to her a legacy which his successor had not
been pleased to pay. Lord Chesterfield boldly resolved to attempt its recovery by a suit in
Equity, if his Majesty had not prevented the necessity of it by fulfilling his grandfather's bequest. In
1744, his Lordship, who was a very eloquent speaker, and took an active part in the debates in Par-
liament upon almost every subject of national importance, was appointed, a second time. Ambassador
Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Holland; commenced his voyage to the Hague, 11 Jan. 1745-6,
and, on quitting his ministerial function there, 6 May, 1745, the States-General gave a remarkable
testimony of the high sense entertained of his merit and abilities, in a letter to the King, written on
that occasion. In Ireland also, as Lord Lieutenant, his Lordship gave great and general satisfaction
to different parties and persuasions, and quitted his government there to the regret of the whole nation.
His Lordship was so highly esteemed by Sarah Duchess Dowager of Marlborough, that in a codicil to
her Grace's will, dated 15 Aug. 1744, she bequeathed to him, " out of the great regard for his merit
and the obligations she had received from him, her best and largest brilliant ring, and 20,000/."
In more advanced age, he was aflaiicted with deafness, which abridged his enjoyment of society, and
clouded those conversational talents, which he possessed in a very eminent degree ; but in his retire-
ment his Lordship still continued to amuse himself with his books and his pen. He was a frequent
writer in the periodical paper called The World, in 1753; and often indulged in poetical composition,
in epigrams, and other light productions, besides the celebrated Letters to his Son. Lord Chester-
field's Miscellaneous Works form 2 vols, in 4to. and were printed in 1777, with his Memoirs prefixed,
began by Dr. Matthew Maty, and after his death, completed by Mr. Justamond, an eminent surgeon.
The Lands oj the Priory of Walingford. The Priory of the Holy-Trinity, in Walingford, held in
Eythorpe a messuage with lands and tenements." By whom given is unknown. In 1291, at the
Ecclesiastical Taxation of Pope Nicholas IV. the Prior of Walingford held rents in Estrop of the
value of 6s. Sd.^ The convent retained this property until its dissolution ; and King Henry VHI. in
1528, granted lands here to Cardinal Wolsey, for the foundation of his College at Oxford, under the
description of " Rents in Quenton, Wottesdon, and Estrop," returned together in the Taxation of
Pope Nicholas, at 14s. joer ann. as parcel of the possessions of the Abbat of Bee, in Normandy. The
grant made to Wolsey included " a messuage, lands, and water-mill, in Ethrop ;" and upon the
1 See Medmenham. ^ Cardinal's Bundles in the Rolls' Chapel.
3 Taxat. P. Nic. p. 46. See also Comput. 14 Hen. VIII. in the ChapterHo. atWestminst. andMonast. Anglic, vol. iii. p. 201 .
VOL. I. 3 Q
482 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Cardinal's disgrace, the grant was abrogated, or tire lands resumed by the Crown. In 1584(27 Eliz.)
the Queen granted certain rents in Shabington, East-Claydon, Quainton, Eythorpe, and Kimbell, of
the value of 20.y. per aim. to Theophilus Adams and Thomas Butler, and the heirs and assigns of
Adams.
THE CHAPEL AT EYTHORPE
was founded in pursuance of the will of Roger Dynhani, Esq. dated 22 Oct. 1490 ; by which, he
" bequeathed his body to be buried in Waddesdon Church, until his Chapel at Ethrope should be
built;" after which, his remains were to be translated thither, and a Chauntry founded under the care
of Sir John Dynham, Knt. his brother and executor.
The old Chapel was forty-two feet long, and fifteen feet wide, wainscotted with oak ; the area
within the rails, paved with black and white Warwickshire stone in lozenges; and Willis describes an
old sepulchral monument of grey marble, remaining in his time, with brass plates and effigies of a
man in armour, under a canopy supported by pillars, with four shields of arms, charged with a fess
lozenge, in chief a crescent, and the like impaling five roundels. Over the three arches of the canopy :
Mercy, Christ, Grace.
And round the verge :
Ent figura sequens obitum monstrabitet annum 1490 Oct. mense migrat ab orbe die xxiv vos modo Ca>ligenBe
Rogerus salve ut intret Georgius erat genitor miles dictusque Johannes. Istius etfrater' nomine gaudet eo
sed Dorainus Thesaurarius Angli' stetit ejus Frater hie insignis orbis honore potens. Hancque seva virum rapuit
mors hunc generosum Sic natura suum jus petit hie miserum.-
The College of Fotheringhay,co. Northampton, had been endowed with lands, on condition of finding
a priest to officiate in this chauntry, whose stipend of 61. 13s. id. was paid until the Dissolution in
1535, when Sir Gilbert Jeffrey, or Geoffreyson, Clk. was Incumbent, or Chaunter, and of the age of
sixty years f and had a pension* of 6/. per aim. The Chapel was about four miles from the Parish-
Church, and it was at a later period returned to be " useful for the House of Sir Robert Dormer, Knt."
Willis mentions, with great disgust and vehemence, the desecration of this building, observing, that
" although Sir William Stanhope had, by the desire of his lady, fitted up this Chapel, and caused
Divine Service to be celebrated in it regularly for about ten years ; yet, at length, in 1738,^* most
wickedly, sacrilegiously, and impiously demolished it, though warned against it by Dr. Carmichael ;" "
and that he made use of the stones to build a Bridge over the Thame, near the House ;' moreover,
he adds, that the tomb-stone of the founder was basely taken up, and his grave opened in expectation
of finding treasure, and that Sir William Stanhope sold the lead for 100^."
EYTHORPE-HOUSE,
successively the residence of the Dynhams, Dormers, and Stanhopes, was built in a low situation, close
to the northern bank of the Thame, which is here expanded into an embellisluuent of the demesnes.
' Qu. Pater. - MSS. Willis, in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon. ^ Willis's Hist, of Abbeys, vol. ii. p. 44.
* That is the whole endowment, excepting the Tithes. s MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. vol. xii.
6 Lysons's Magn. Brit. vol. i. p. 65.5. 7 Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. vol. xii.
3 This is too incredible for belief; but Willis was too easily imposed upon either by the malignity or the artifice of
those who had great pleasure in misleading him; and in regard to the lead, that must have referred to the old roof of the
decayed chapel, which had been probably left in a dilapidated state from the time of rebuilding the house by Dame
Dorothy Pelham, circ. 1610, until its completion by Sir William Stanhope.
EYTHORPE IN WADDESDON. 483
Sir Robert Dormer is presumed to have occasionally resided here in the reign of Edward VI. and his
son, Sir William, built a spacious apartment with a coved roof of timber, elaborately sculptured,
and with corbels of angels bearing shields with the arms of the family ; such is the account preserved,
but it may be doubted, whether this room were not originally the Chapel, or erected out of its materials,
and whether the assortment of warlike implements which were placed in it, had not been, at least in
part, collected by Sir William Pelham, whose relict, Dame Dorothy, built a suit of rooms, to which the
date 1610 remained attached until the demolition of the house. The alteration made by Sir William
Stanhope completed the west front in a plain and substantial manner, but with little taste. The
gallery was 138 feet long, and the size of many other apartments commodious, without pretensions to
architectural elegance. Here were numerous portraits, of which some for their excellence, others for
their rarity, and the sake of those whom they represented, deserved a better fate than dispersion under
the hammer of an auctioneer. It is reported, that some few were preserved and removed to Bretby,
in Derbyshire; others were sold with the materials of the mansion, about the year 1810. Amongst
the family portraits noticed by Browne Willis,^ were those of Robert Earl of Carnarvon, killed at
Newbury ; Anna-Sophia his Countess ; Lucy Countess of Bedford ; Sir William Stanhope, K. B. and
Philip, fourth Earl of Chesterfield; King Charles I. with the Prince of Wales, then a boy." After the re-
marks of Willis on the demolition of the old Chapel, it is but an act of justice to the memory of Philip,
fifth Earl of Chesterfield, to record, that one of the most splendid ornaments of the modern House
was a superbly furnished Chapel, with seats, cushions, &c. covered with satin and velvet richly
embroidered.
The imitation of ruins of an amphitheatre, castles, and turreted buildings, erected by Sir William
Stanhope on the neighbouring eminences, gave an air of extent and magnifience to the grounds ;
but the taste of the proprietor would have been better displayed, if the scenery had been cheered and
enlivened with picturesque and commodious cottages, wliich might have remained permanent comforts
to the poor, and lasting monuments, not only of refinement, but of public spirit and benevolence.
CRANWELL.
Crann-ell-Grounds, a reputed manor-farm, contiguous to Eythorpe, and long possessed by the
same Lords, was perhaps included in the Norman Survey with Waddesdon ; or else made part
of the lands of the Bishop of Baieux, in Fleet-Marston, as already described.' It was vested in the
family of Arcubus, before they are ascertained to have held Eythorpe ; and it may, therefore, be con-
jectured, that forming part of the Knights' fees mentioned in an Inquisition, after the death of Edmnnd
Earl of Cornwall, to whom, in right of his Honour of Walingford, they belonged (then held under
that Prince by the descendant of William de Arcubus) Cranwell was part of that estate for which
William de Arcubus paid his scutage, in the beginning of the reign of Richard I.^
In 1217 (2 Hen. III.) a fine was passed between William le Dancer and Basilea his wife, and
1 The same diligent antiquary has preserved [MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon.] an account of the following armorial bearings
in Eythorpe, in 1610. Over one of the chimneys: 1 Two lions passant S. 2. Barry of eight Or. and S. within a
bordure G. 3. Two bars surtout a bend Gii. 4. Gu. frette Or. Supporters. Two griffins. Motto. Memento Mori,
also "D.P." for Dorothy Pelham. Over the Porch, ^rms : within a Garter, Dormer and Pelham, with a lion and a
dragon for supporters. In the window of the gallery. Dormer impaling Newdigate, Sydney, Catesby ; Duke de Feria
impaling Dormer; Hungerford impaling Dormer ; Dormer and Montague, Montague impaling Dormer ; St. John impaling
Dormer ; Constable impaling Dormer ; Sir Robert Dormer, Knt. Dormer impaling Tyringham ; Dormer and Bannester ;
Curzon impaling Dormer ; Caryll impaling Dormer.
2 Willis's MSS. See also Lysons's Magn. Brit. vol. i. p. 656. ^ See page 327. * Rot. Pip. 8 Ric. I.
484 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
William de Arcubus of the third part, of one virgate of land in Crendewelle, which William and
Basilea claimed as the dower of the said Basilea, out of a certain freehold there which had belonged
to Roger Freelond, her former husband ;' and in the next year, that another fine was passed of
lands and messuages in Crendewelle, between William Fitz-Bruman and William de Arcubus, which
were conveyed to De Arcubus, and his heirs." After which, John de Arcubus, of Crendewell, occurs
in the beginning of the reign of Edward I. and settled certain lands in Waddesdon, on William de
of Wodesdon, for life.^ In 1286 (15 Ed. I.) a fine was passed between Richard de Arcubus
and Dionysia his wife, and Robert Gyngelot and Agnes his wife, of messuages and lands in Crende-
well, the right of Richard ;* and in 1228, between Alan de Arcubus, and Robert le Poer and Alice his
wife, of messuages and lands in Crendewell, which Alan granted to Robert and Alice and their heirs/
BEACHENDON, or BICHENDON,
now only a single farm-house, with its offices, on the south side of the Parish, is included in all its
ecclesiastical and civil assessments.
It was held separately from Waddesdon at the Norman Survey, and in two portions, one virgate of
land belonging to the Bishop of Baieux (and held under him by two Saxons) which had been in the pos-
session of two free tenants of Brictric and Azor, in the time of the Confessor, they having power to
alienate, and then and subsequently estimated at 5s. per «««.''
But the greater part of Bichendon was possessed by Milo Crispin, and held under him as two hides
by two free tenants, whose names are not mentioned in the Survey. In the time of the Confessor the
same tenants of the Bishop of Baieux, held also this estate with power to sell it. There was land for
two ploughs, and two were kept ; with two villeins and three bordars. The pasture for two teams
was constantly valued at 25s.'
Bichendone, at the Survey, was included in the Hundred of Essedene, from which Waddesdon was
then distinct, and the period of its annexation to Waddesdon is not ascertained.
It seems to have been vested in the descendants of the feudal tenants mentioned in the survey
during the early Norman reigns. The Carbonels -held it in the reign of Richard I. and in 1197,
(9 Ric. I.) a fine was passed between Geoffrey de Upton and Maud his wife, and Hamond Carbonel,
of the reasonable dower of the said Maud, which she claimed of the gift of Richard Carbonel, her late
husband (who was brother of Hamond) in Bichendon and other lands." Hamon de Carbonel held one
Knight's fee under the Honour of Walingford, about 1211 (12 Job.) and afterwards Peter Fitz-
Herbert held the same fee, which was in the custody of the King, probably, during the minority of
the heir, for it was subsequently in the hands of Peter do Carbonel, who paid two marks for one
Knight's fee here, as his aid in 1231 (19 Hen. HI.) and in the next year (20 Hen. III.) one mark
scutage, for one fee in Bychendon.'-' Part of the lands here were, about the same period, in the pos-
session of Thomas de Appleton of Ickford, included in the liberties of Earl Richard, and held of the
Honour of Walingford. In 1240, (25 Hen. HI.) a fine was passed between Peter Carbonel and
1 Rot. Fin. 2 Hen. III. = Ibid. 3 Hen. III. Mbid. 10 Ed. I. * Ibid 15 Ed. I. s ibid. 17 Ed. I.
fi Terr Epi Baiocensis. In Essedene Hd'. In Bichedone ten', ii. Angli de Epo i. uirg'. Tra'. e. Val et ualuit sep. v.
sol. Istimet tenuef. T. R. E. un" ho Brictric et alt', ho. Azori. pot', uende'. [Lib. Censual. vol.i. f. 144 ''.]
7 Terra Milonis Crispin. Duo hoes ten' de Milone Bichedone. p. ii. hid' T'ra. e. ii. car', et ibi sunt cu. ii. uillis et
in. bord'. P'tu ii. car. Val. et ualuit sep. xxv sol. Istimet tenuef. T. R. E. un' ho. Brictric. et alt' h5 Azoris. et uende'
potuef. [Lib. Censual. vol. i. f. 150.]
8 Rot. Fin. 9 Ric. I. 9 Testa de Nevil p. 257, 258, 20 Hen. III.
BICHENDON in WADDESDON. 485
Robert de Aylesbury, and Maud his wife, of the third part of a mill in Bychendone ;^ and Bichendon
was one of the Knights' fees belonging to the Honour of Walingford, at the death of Edmund Earl
of Cornwall, in 1300, when John de Lyndhurst held the same at 10/. per ami." It was one of the
manors which David de Strabolgi, Earl of Athol, and Joane his wife, held by extent under the
Honour of Walingford,^ and of which in 1331 (5 Ed. HI.) Adomar de Valence, Earl of Pembroke,
died seised;* of which by another inquisition in 1337, (11 Ed. III.) David de Strabolgi, Earl of
Athol, was also found to have died seised.^ The fact seems to be, that David Earl of Athol, died in
the preceding year : that his wife Joane, daughter of John Comyn, Lord Badenach, by Joane de
Valence, sister of Adomar Earl of Pembroke, was one of the co-heirs of the said Adomar, from whom
he derived the seigniory of this manor: and in 1339 (13 Ed. III.) the same was passed by fine, by
Sir Walter Manny, K. G. who had acquired the possession of Chearsley and other portions of the in-
heritance of Adomar Earl of Pembroke,*^ to Sir John de Molyns, who held for term of life, with re-
mainder to his sons William and John.^ All the feudal privileges" granted to Sir John de Molyns
were extended to this manor,^ which descended with the rest of the possessions of that family,'" to the
Hungerfords, were passed by fine between Edmund Hastings and his wife, and Oliver Manningham,"
and being granted by the Crown to Richard Whytingham, in the reign of Henry VII. were transferred
to Sir Richard Empson, Knt.'= on whose attainder in 1509 (1 Hen. VIII.) this estate was again
forfeited to the Crown: and being conveyed to theGoodwyns, was subsequently" passed to the Dormers;
and in 1616, was part of the possessions of which Robert Dormer, son and heir of Sir William,
Dormer, Knt., then lately deceased, died seised, being held of the Honour of Ewelme by the hundredth
part of one Knight's fee, Robert Dormer, son of William, and grandson of the said Robert Dormer,'*
being his next heir, and then of the age of six years. This manor afterwards descended with Eythorpe,
to George-Augustus-Frederick, sixth Earl of Chesterfield, the present possessor.
Fines were passed of lands in Bichendon, Over-Winchendon and Waddesdon, in 1346, between Hugh
Robyn of Winchendon, and Richard le Frankelyn and Agnes his wife, to whom they were conveyed
with remainder to the heirs of Richard ; '* and in 1 363, of lands in Bichyndon, between Thomas
Chapman oiEdrope and Jane his wife, and Richard Hardwyk and Joane his wife, the right of Chapman.'^
COLWYCH, COLWICK, COLWYKE, or COLLET,
commonly pronounced CoUick, another hamlet to Waddesdon, is situated on the north-west verge of
the parish, contiguous to Wood-Ham, and Doddershall in Quainton. Its name seems to be derived
from a small stream running from north to south, through the meadows. The estate belonged to
Woburn Abbey, co. Bedford, founded in 1145, by Hugh de Bolebec : and was probably given by the
Malets, who possessed lands in Quainton, and were great benefactors to Woburn.
In 1268 (53 Hen. HI.) a fine was passed between Robert de Shireburn and William de Montfichet
I Rot. Fin. 25 Hen. Ill, 2 Esc. 28 Ed. I. n° 26, 44. Cal. vol. i. p. 158.
3 Esc. 1 Ed. III. n° 85. Cal. vol. ii. p. 5. ■* Esc. 5 Ed. III. n" 83. Cal. vol. ii. p. 41.
s Esc. 11 Ed. III. n» 46. Cal. vol. ii p. 78. 6 See Chearsley, p. 117. T Rot. Fin. 13 Ed. III.
8 See Brill, p. 99. 9 Rot. Cart. 13 Ed. III. n° 2. and Dugd. Bar. torn. ii. p. 146.
10 Rot. Cart. 20 Ed. III. n" 19, 20. Esc. 2 Ric. 2 n° 57. Cal. vol. iii. p. 16. Ibid. 4 Ric. 2 n" 38, Cal. vol. iii.
p. 31. Ibid. p. 68. ; also, Dugd. Bar. torn. ii. p. 146.
II Rot. Fin. 7 Hen. VII. 12 Ibid. 15 Hen. VII.
" MSS. Willis on the authority and information of Thomas Marquess of Wharton. " Pedigree of Dormer.
« Rot. Fin. 20 Ed. VII. See also p. 125. 16 jbid. 37 Ed. HI.
486
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
and Benedicta his wife, the right of Robert/ and in 1291, the lands, rents, and mill here, belonging to
\\"oburn Abbey, were valued at 21. 155. \\d. and their chattels, flocks, &c. at 4/. 3s." The Abbey
continuing in possession, in 1534, this estate was in the tenure of Laurence FaireclyfFe at 8/. 135. i:d.
pe ann. with Dootehyll (supposed to be a portion of land contiguous, but) in the parish of Quainton.^
Laurence Faireclyffe was called Bailiff of Doddey, Colwyks, and Fewcotts, with a fee of 285. Sc/.^
Fewcotts was a grange mentioned in the Roll in the Augmentation Office in the accounts of Woburn
Abbey, with Colwychs and Steirkley : but its situation is not exactly known. In 1538, the King
granted to Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, all the lands of Woburn Abbey, in Waddesdon and
Quainton, at a reserved rent;^ and in the same year by patent, the tenement called Colwykc, with
appurtenances, twenty acres of arable, 275 of pasture, fifteen of meadow in Colwyk and Dodershill,
Waddesdon and Quainton, with courts, &c. late belonging to Woburn Monastery, were granted to
the Duke of Suffolk and his assigns, in capite, by Knights' service, at the forty-eighth part of one
Knight's fee, and 175. id. per ann. rent."
The family of Pigot being seated about this period at Doddershall, they also became possessed of
Colwick; and Robert Pigot, second son of Thomas Pigot, serjeant-at-law, of Hor wood andWhaddon,
by Elizabeth his second wife, daughter and co-heir of John Iwardby, Esq. of INIissenden and Quainton,
resided at Colwick before the close of the reign of Henry VHL if not earlier. This branch of the
ancient family of Pigot seems to have declined before the time of the civil wars. To rescue from
oblivion the descendants of the before-mentioned Robert Pigot, the annexed table is introduced.
PEDIGREE OF PIGOT of COLWICH ix WADDESDON, &c.
From Family Pedigi'ee, Ashmole's Berks, &c.
Arms of Alliance. Yates. Party per fess embattled Or. and Gu. three gates counterchanged. Butler. Az. a chevron bet
three covered cups Or. in fess point a mullet. Hesketli. Arg. a bend S. charged with three garbs proper : in mid. ch
party per fess S. and Or.
Robert Pigot, of Ham , or Colwich, second son of Thomas Pigot, Esq
Seijeant-at-Law, of WhaJdon, by Elizabeth his second wife, dau. and
co-h. of John Iwardby, Esq. of Quainton. Ob. 12 Oct bur. at
A\ addesdon.
[PtDic.of PicoTof Whaddon, Doddkeshall, Ickfoud, ftc]
Mary, dau. of John Ye
Lyford, co. Berks.
1. Francis Pigot, Esq.
of Colwich, 1598 : ob.
3 Dec. 1614, at. 68;
bur. at Hatford, Berks,
, dau. of Alban Butler, 2. Ralph =p=jANE,dau.of 3. W
:Ma
Esq. of Aston-le- Walls, co. North-
ampt. by Sibill his 1st wife, dau. of
Simon Raleigh, Esq. of Farnboro.
CO. Warwick : bap. 20 Aug. 1553 :
bur. at Hatford, Berks. 30 Jan.
1637.
Student c
Gray's
Robert Hes-
keth,ofCrc
ton, CO. La
caster.
young-
Jov
i Wm. Palmer, of Waddesdmi .
wife of Katiierine, mar. to Tho. Barker, of Astrop,
Wm. P. CO. Northampton.
bu.SJIay, Elizabeth, mar. to Walter (or John) Roberts
1600. ofBexhill,co.Sussex.
Dorothy, mar. to Tho. Kebble, Esq. of New-
bottle, CO. Northamp. had issue Jane, mar.
to Rich. Pigot, younger son of Tho. Pigot,
Esq. of Doddershall. [Fed. p. 406.] 2d to
'" ■ Lister, Esq. M. P. [See p. 408.]
L_
AlBANE PiCOT,:
" of Colwyke,
son and hr.
bur. 12 Feb.
1629, at Hat-
ford, Berks.
[Ashmole's His.
vol. i. p. 177.]
Thomas, bur. 28 June, 1623,=
at Nether- Winchendon.
Phillu'e.
Rafe.
Richard.
Walter. ( 7 sons saysAshmole
and 3 daurs.) vol. i. p. 177.
" ELIZAhETH,
with dyvers
other."
" Marie, mar. jta-
rentibus invitis, a
mean person."
[Fam. Pedig.]
■;i." A
ID, son of=f
Wm.
P. bap. at
\.\V
nchendon,
20 M
ar. 1565.
llNR
. son of
Wm.
P. bap. 22
Oct.
1568.
Waddesdon, 25 Apri
1613; bur. 17 July.
DoROTII
[Wadrlesdo
William, son of Thos. P. bap. at N.Winchen- CiCELv,dau. ofEdw.P.bap.l4Mar,1603.
don,3 Feb. 1599. [Regist.] EiizABETH,dau.ofEdw.P.jun.bap.3Dec.
Thomas, son of Thos. P. buried 28 June, 1603. 1619.
Christopher, son of Edw. P. and Alice,
bap. 4 Nov. 1624.
Rot. Fin. 53 Hen. III.
Val. Eccles. vol. iv. p. 212.
Ibid. Test. 16 Dec.
Taxat. P. Nic. p. 46. and Monast. Anglic, vol. v. p. 478, 479.
•* Ibid. p. 213. 5 Rot. Pat. 36 Hen.VIII. Test. 8 Sep.
COLWYCH IN WADDESDON. 487
In 1598, (1-2 Eliz.) Mrs. Palmer of Waddesdon was assessed to the provision for the Royal House-
hold, at 6s. llirf. for land in Waddesdon ; and in the same year her brother, Francis Pigot, was
assessed for his estate in Colwich, at 11. 7s. 2d.
John Wilkinson of Colwich was buried at Waddesdon in 1661, so that it seems probable that one
of the family of the Rector had acquired part of the estate by intermarriage with the Pigots, or their
heirs.
The family of Deacle were afterwards in possession of this manor, probably by the marriage of the
Barkers of Astrop ; and it was subsequently severed from the property of the Deacles in Wingrave,
and carried in marriage by the daughter and co-heiress of Deacle, to her husband, Mr. Griflfith,
solicitor, in London.
John Deacle of Wingrave left his estate there, which had been purchased of Richard Ballenger, to
his nephew, John Deacle, Esq. and more recently it was possessed by the Rev. AVilliam Deacle, ot
Astrop, CO. Northampton.
HAM, HAMME, or WODE-HAM,
is a small hamlet situated at the north-west angle of the parish of Waddesdon, and evidently derives
its name from its contiguity to the Forest of Bernwode.
It was part of the grant made to the family of De Arcubus, with Eythorpe, and was anciently held
under the Honour of Walingford.
In the reign of Henry III. Wode-Juun constituted part of the knights' fees, of which Edmund Earl
of Cornwall, in 1300, died seised.' It also occurs in 1378, in an Inquisition on the death of Edward
the Black Prince." Ham had been granted out by the family of De Arcubus at an early period ; for in
1352, a fine was passed between William la Zouche of Haryngworth, and Adam de Arderne and John
de Cranesley the younger, of the Manor of " Hamme jiwta Berruvode," the right of Adam ;^ which
William la Zouche, or his grandson of [the same name, was, by Inquisition found in 1359, to have
enfeoffed Adam de Arderne and Simon le Warde, of lands in Northamptonshire : and this estate after-
wards continued in the possession of the Zouches, during several generations.*
William Lord Zouche, who died on St. George's day, 1381, seised of " Hamme," was succeeded by
his son Sir William la Zouche, of Bramfield, Knt. who died in 1395, leaving another William la
Zouche, his son and heir, who had livery of his inheritance in the next year ; and in 1405 succeeded to
the estate of his uncle, Thomas la Zouche, in Middle-Claydon,^ and died in 1415, seised of Ham, which
descended to his son, William Lord Zouche and St. Maur, who demised this manor to Robert Isham
for life ; and Isham died in 1424, seised of the Manor of Hamme, with its appurtenances, and 3s. 4d.
rents, &c. out of certain lands in Wotton, also demised to him by Sir William Zouche, Knt. which,
after the decease of the said Isham, were to revert to Zouche and his heirs. Sir William Zouche, Knt.
next heir, was of the age of twenty-three years and upwards ; and the Inquisition sets forth, that here
were a mansion and four cottages within the manor (of no value to be mentioned) all the premises
being ruinous : that there were 100 acres of arable land, worth 3d. each^jer ann. fifteen acres worth
12cf. each, and 3s. 4d. rents annually, out of premises in Wotton : that the manor cum pert, and
' Esc. 28 Ed. Ed. I. n» 44. Cal. vol. i. p. 162. = Ibid. 2 Ric. II. n° 57. Cal. vol. iii. p. 16.
3 Rot. Fin. 26 Ed. III. * Esc. 33 Ed. III. n° 79. Cal. vol. ii. p. 217.
5 See Pedigree of Zouche in Claydon, p. 176.
488 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
3s. id. rents, were held of Simon D'Arches, by services unknown : that Robert Isliam died on the last
day of March, 3 Hen. VI. that Robert Isham, his son and heir, was tlien twenty-two years of age, and
upwards.'
This estate liaving again fallen to the Zouches on the expiration of the term granted to their sub-
feudatory Robert Isham, so continued only during some few years, when the attainder of John, seventh
Lord Zouche, brought the Manor of Ham to the Crown : and the Dynhams being closely connected
with that noble family, by the marriage of Joane, one of the sisters and co-heirs of Sir John Dynham,
Knt. of Eythorpe, with John Lord Zouche," that part of the hamlet included in Waddesdon parish
continued to belong to the principal estate, and was possessed successively by the Dormers and
Stanhopes, Earls of Chesterfield, as described in Eythorpe.
Another manorial estate in Ham being included in Wooton, will be more appropriately described
in the history of that parish; but G/-t'/K/oH-?t'oof/, supposed to have been the same anciently denominated
Qiieen's-Wood, the Loirer-wood, No Man's Hook/ at the corner of Acl;inan-street,* and Ham-ifood,
called also Sir John Godwin's Wood of about eighty-acres, are reckoned to belong to the Eythorpe
estate, as well as part of the Upper-rrood, which in a very ancient map appears to have attached to it
the name of Lady Pelham : and Home-wood, a slip of Sir John Godwin's Middle-wood, near the road
from Benwell-Lane to Wotton ; Brier Hill-wood, adjacent to No Mans Hook, and other portions of
wood land near Ham-Green, are considereil, according to the accounts of the inhabitants of the
hamlet and its vicinity, as belonging to the Waddesdon estate, the property of his Grace George
Duke of Marlborough.
A considerable part of Ham being included in Wotton is more particularly mentioned in the history
of that parish ; and contiguous, the farm called
BENWELL-LANE,
of which about thirty-seven acres are within the parish of Waddesdon, is described in ancient writings
as locally situated on the verge of a small stream near the old Roman road, called Akemau-street,
where was once a mill, on the border of Wotton.^
1 Inquisitio apud Whitchurch, C°. Bucks. May 14, 3 Hen. VI. The jury returned, — " quod Rob'\ Isham tenuit ad
terminum vitee 00'. de Hamme cum ptinentiis ac 3'. 4'*. redd assix cum pertinentiis exeunt certis terris et ten de Wooton
ex dimissione Willi Zouch Chev. Eidem Roberto fact, post mortem predict. Rob'ti eidem Willo et Heredibus suis spec-
tante et quod Wills le Zouch, Chevaler est filius et heres dicti Willi de Zouch propinquior et est setatis viginti trium
annorum et amplius. In quo quidem Manerio est quidam Scitus ac etiam quatuor Cotagia quae nihil valent 4f annum
ultra reprisas quia omnia hujus modi Domus et Cotagia valde ruinosa sunt, et sunt in eodem 00' centum acre terras
arabilis quarum quKlibet acra valet ^ annum iij''. et quindecim acrae Prati quarq. quaelib. acra valet <^ annum iij''.
Item sunt in eodem GO tres solidatas et quatuor denaratas redditus assessie annuatim de certis terris et tenementis
in Wooton in eodem Com. Et ulterius dicunt quod dictum 00 cum ^ tin' ac diet tres solidat' et quatuor denarat redditus
tenentur de Simone Darches per quod servitium ignorant. Et dicunt quod predictus Robertus obiit ult die Marcii Anno
Regni Regis nunc secundo et quod Robtus Isham est filius et lieres ejusdem Robert! propinqui et fuit jEtatis die Obitus
patris sui viginti duorum annorum et amplius, et ulterias dicunt quod Idem Robtus nulla alii sive plura terras seu
tenementa tenuit infra Com. predict dicto die quo obiit deDno Rege nee de aliquo alio. In cujus rei testimonium Juratores
p'dict. huic Inquisition! Sigilla sua apposuerunt. Dat loco et anno supradictis." [Ex. MSS. Willis in Bibl. Bod!.]
2 See page 476, and Pedigrees of Dynham, D'Arches, and Zouche.
^ No Man's Hook, a small angle of the wood near Rosamond's Way, was not said to belong to Waddesdon until the
inclosure of the open fields, when a 7iew qualttying, as it is called by the farmers, took place of the lands, and it was
then attaciied to, or included in Waddesdon.
* The old Portway and Roman Road. * See Quainton and Doddershall, p. 418.
WARMSTON IN WADDESDON. 489
WARMESTONE, WARMODESTONE, WARMSTON,
is a small hamlet contiguous to the township of Waddesdon on the south-east, and adjacent to Win-
chendon. Conjecture might assign an origin for its name ; but nothing is known to have been re-
corded with historical accuracy respecting its possessors, until the distinct mention of it in the reign of
Henry III. when Robert de Ruval paid 25. 8d. scutage, for the fifth part of a Knight's fee in War-
modeston in Michaelmas Term, in the nineteenth, and in Easter Term, in the twentieth of that reign.
The same person also paid 5s. 4f/. for his aid at the peace about that time concluded.'
In 1295 a fine was passed between William de Warmodeston and Robert de Bury of Morton,
and Joane his wife, of lands and meadow in Wottesdon, the right of William." In 1317, William
de Warmodeston and Alexander de Warmodeston, passed a fine of lands and meadows in Wad-
desdon and Warmstone, the right of William.^ In 1331, another fine was passed of messuages,
lands, and rents, in Wottesdon and Warmodeston, which were granted by Richard de Tettebury, to
Stephen Adam of Warmodeston, and Maud his wife, for their respective lives.* Another fine
in 1348, of messuages and lands in Wottesdon and Warmeston, between Richard vp the Hill and
Agnes his wife, and Baudewyn de Whytchurch, Capellane, which were granted to the said Richard and
Agnes, and the heirs of their bodies, with remainder to Nicholas, brother of William, and his heirs."
Another fine of messuages, lands and rents, (probably the same) was passed about the same time,
between Robert son of John de Porishe, and Margery his wife, and John le Mareschal, the right of
Robert." Another in 1357 (31 Ed. III.) between John Hulletoppe and John Hale (q. Hill or Hall ?)
of Warmodeston, and Letitia his wife, of lands in Waddesdon and Warmodeston, granted to John
Hulletoppe and his heirs.^
In 1362, the King committed to Nicholas de Donyngton the custody of all the lands and
tenements which John de Wermeston, of Grendon, held in Buckinghamshire, of the heirs of
Laurence de Hastynges, late Earl of Pembroke, and Humphrey de Bohun, late Earl of Hereford,
deceased, then within age, &c. to hold until he should attain his majority, paying 36s. 4f/. per ann.
and 4L for his marriage." In 1373, a fine was passed between Robert de Pursele and John Derlove,
and Margery his wife, of messuages, lands and rents, in Wottesdon, the right of Robert; and in 1374,
another between Reginald Wynter and Petronilla his wife, and John Derlove and Margery his wife,
the right of Petronilla. In 1379, (3 Ric. II.) another between Richard Quyrel of Wodeston, and
Robert Page of Hedrop,^ and Joane his wife, of messuages and land in Wodeston, the right of Richard :
and in the same year, between the same Richard Quyrel and John Steven of North Merstone,"' and
Alice his wife, of a messuage and lands in Wodeston, the right of the said Richard.
In 1409, (11 Hen. IV.) a fine was passed between Thomas de Kerdyngton, clerk, John Atte Hulle,
and Stephen Weston, and Edward Courtenay, Earl of Devonshire, and Maud his wife,'' of messuages
and lands in Wottesdon and Warmodeston, the right of Thomas Kerdyngton.
A fine was passed in 1415 (3 Hen. V.) between Richard Wyatt, Esq. William Whappelode, Wil-
liam Evesdon, Parson of the Church of Burwerdescote (q. Buscot, co. Berks.) Thomas Copmanford,
of Wotton juxta Wodestoke, Nicholas Clopton, and Edmund King, Querents; and John Burbache
and Thomasia his wife, Deforcients, of messuages and lands " in Wottesdon and Warmodeston," which
John and Thomasia convey to Richard, William, William, Thomas, Nicholas, and Edmund, for the
life of Katherine '"
1 Testa de Nevil, pp. 257, 258. = Rot. Fin. 24 Ed. I. Mb. II Ed. II. * lb. 5 Ed. III.
5 lb. 22 Ed. III. 6 lb, 7 lb. B Rot Orig. 36 Ed. III.ro. 7. Abbiev. vol. ii.p. 270.
9 Eythorpe. " See North-Marston, p. 335. " See Pedigree of Courtexay, p. 471.
'2 Probably the daughter of John and Thomasia Burbache, and married to Wyatt.
VOL. I. 3 R
490 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
In 1429 (8 Hen, VI.) a fine was passed between William Ufke, or Uske, Vicar of Dinton, John
Hamden of Great-Kymbell, William Puxstede, sen. John Baldewyn, William Puxstede, John Mayn,
Thomas Well, and William Chapman of Aylesbury, and John Burbache and Thomasia his wife, of
messuages and lands in Wottesdon and Warmodeston, the right of William Puxstede, sen. In the same
year another fine passed, of messuages and lands in Wodesdon and Warmeston, between JohnWyntur,
jun. and William Willyeat and Margery his wife, the right of John.
In 1501, a fine was passed between Edmund Hastings and others, with Nicholas Brightwell and
Emma his wife, of lands in Wodesdon, Warmestone, and Quainton.' This family of Brightwell lield
lands in Chearsley ;' and were allied to the Birts, of Chilton ; Mans, of Aston, co. Oxon. ; and Ran-
dalls, of Shilling-ford. Nicholas is described as of Haddenham, but was more probably of Quainton, and
party with his wife to a fine of lands in Haddenham, in 1505 (21 Hen. VII.) to Robert Brudenell
and others ; but it is remarkable that no one of his Christian name (Nicholas) occurs in the family
pedigree, or in any other accessible documents relative to their property in the County, excepting
in this fine alone ; and many other alienations of property in Waddesdon and its Hamlets may be traced ;
but in consequence of the before-recited fine, the Manor and principal estate in Warmestone were ac-
quired by theCourteneys : and Henry Marquess of Exeter, at the time of his attainder (30 Hen. VIII.)
held these lands, which were subsequently included in the Crown grant to John Goodwyn, Esq. with
Waddesdon and Ham ; and, having descended to the Earls and Duke of Wharton,^ are become vested
(in the manner there described) in his Grace the most noble George-Spencer-Churchill, Duke of
Marlborough.
WESTCOTE
is the most considerable Hamlet attached to Waddesdon, from which it is nearly two miles
distant westward, and seems to have derived its name from that circumstance. It is ecclesiastically
connected with the mother Church of that township, and pays tithes to the Rectors ; but maintained
its own poor separately, until the recent and modern union of Parochial districts ; and appoints its
distinct civil oflUcers.
The family of Marescall possessed lands here, at least as early as the reign of King John ;
for in 120G (8 John) William, son of Henry Marescall, recovered against Philip de Loges, a virgate,
&c. of land in Westcote, formerly belonging to Adam Marescall, to whom Eve, mother of Henry,
father of the said William, was eldest sister ; and, on the death of Robert, son of Adam Marescall,
without issue, one of his co-heirs was Philip de Loges, son of Richard de Loges, (probably deriving
that appellation from Lodge-Hill, an eminence, still so called, on the verge of the track denominated
Bernwood Forest,) and grandson of Alina, younger sister of Adam Marescall.*
1 Rot. Fin. 17 Hen. VII. 2 Harl. MSS. n°. 1533, b. 30, in Mus. Brit. See also Chearsley, p. 122.
3 See OvER-WlNCHENDON.
■* " Williis fill' Henrici petit vsus Philippum des Loges unam virgat' t're & dimidiam in Westcote sicut illas que ei
desunt de porcone sua que eum conting. de Tia que fuit Ade Marescalli &c. Willus dicit qd non jacet assisa quia sunt de
unostipite scilt de Adam' Marescallo Philipp' hoc fatetur sed dicit qd Adam Marescalli habuit duas sorores quar. primogen-
ita vocabat' Eva & secunda Alina & ipse dedit Amicie filie Aline unam hidam tre cum ptinen' in Westcote in maritagium
& Rico des Loges qui earn duxit in uxorem tenend. illis & heredibs. suis p. s'vicium xij denar. p ann' & petit ita tenere &
ostendit cartam. E contra attornat' Willi dicit qd debet tram illam ita tenere integre quia ilia tra simul cum alia tra que
fuit Adam' Marescall descend, ipsi Willo & Philippo in heritagium sicut heredibs. ipsi' Ade Die' etiani qd idem Adam
quendum filium nomine Robtum qui tenuit tram Adam' & obiit sine herede. Et tunc habuit hed descendere Eve & Aline
& hered. ear. and pet' pdictam tram sicut illam que ei deest Philipp' dicit qd Adam habuit ilia die qua dedit Amicie nepti
sue pdictam hidam tre fuit ipse seisif de xj. virgatis tre scilt de v. virgat' in Querendon & de sex virgat' tre in Westcote
WESTCOTE IN WADDESDON. 491
In 1285, Richard de Bellofago passed a fine with Robert Malet, of messuages, lands, and rents, in
Westcote and Waddesdon, which are called the right of Richard/
Westcote was in the hands of the Bohuns, Earls of Hereford and Essex ; and Eleanor, daughter and
co-heir of Humphrey Earl of Hereford, &c. carried this estate in marriage to Thomas of Woodstock,
Duke of Gloucester, who was murdered at Calais in 1397, and at that time seised of this Manor in
right of his wife, leaving Humphrey, his son and heir, a minor of sixteen years," who was shipwrecked
in 1399 (I Hen. IV.) and neither he, nor John his brother, having issue, the inheritance passed to
Edmund Earl of Stafford, by the marriage of Anne, sister and heir of the said Humphrey and John,
Earls of Hereford.^
Bicester-Prionj-Lands.— This Convent acquired, by the gift of Gilbert Basset and Egeline his wife,
daughter of Reginald de Courtenay,* those demesne lands in Westcote, which had been the marriage-
portion of Egeline, in the reign of Richard I. ; and at the Ecclesiastical Taxation of Pope Nicholas IV.
circ. 1291, the estate of the Priory here, was estimated at 21. lis. l\d. per ann.'^ It continued to
belong to this religious house, therefore, under the whole series of its Priors ;" and was included in
the valuation by the Commissioners, in 1535 (27 Hen. VIH.) as "certain lands and tenements de-
mised to Mr. John Latham, for a term of years, at U. 10s. per ami. rent." ^ Afterwards, King Henry
VIII. by patent, granted Blakenhall-Close, in Westcote, and other lands of the dissolved Priory of
Bicester, to John Goodwyn, of Over-Winchendon (to whom the estate of the Courtenays in Waddes-
don had been given) ; and it subsequently descended with Winchendon and Waddesdon Manors to the
Earls and Duke of Wharton, and, in the manner described in the account of those lands, became
vested in his Grace the most noble George-Spencer-Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, its present
possessor.
unde Eva and Hen' fuerunt seisiti post mortem Ade Hen' fill' Eve pdicte vendidit monachis de Briuera v virgat' in Queren-
don p. viij. marcis argenti & una roba & p. dimid. virgat' tre' inSullee quam adhuc tenet pdicti Wittus. Et de pdictis vj.
virgat' tre in Westcote vendidit Robtus Marescall' duas virgatas in Westcote monialibs de Garinges & Adam Marescall'
in vita sua duas virgat' tre in Westcote Baldwinode Kaernierden reddendo inde iij solid p ann' & unam virgat' habet idem
Willus & aliam invadiavit Robto Marescallo ad t'minum xx annor. Willo Frehorn capitali Diio feodi ilii' & ponit se in
legale jurat' patrie &c. Jurat' ven. postea & dixit qd. Nicol pater Henrici non tenuit illas v virgat' nee Henr. fili' ej' nee
Eve mater ej' unda considerandum est qd Willus habeat seisinam de una virgata tre quam petebat vsus Philippum de
Loges &c." [Abbrev. Placit. p. 53, Rot. 8.]
1 Rot. Fin. 14 Ed. I. = Esc. 21 Rio. II. n°. 29, and Dugd. Bar. vol. ii. p. 172. See also Ashendon.
^ See Pedigree of Stafford in Ashendok, pp. 27, 28, and Pedigree of Bohun, pp. 206, 7, 8.
* Pedigree of Courtenay, p. 471. ^ Taxat. P. Nic. p. 46.
'5 Priors of BuRCESTER, from the Lincoln Registers, at Buckden ; Kennet's Collections ; Willis's Hist, of Abbeys, vol.
ii. p. 172 ; and Dugdale's Monasticon : —
JoHK, 1182. Richard Pareniyn, admitted 4 Oct. 1397. He sate until
Robert, died 1239. about 1439.
Herveus, a Canon of this House. John Wantyng, resigned 1453.
Reginald, occms, 1269. Edmund Wycombe, eXccted 1453.
Walter de Quenton, 16 Cal. Jan. 1269. Thomas Banbury, elected 1485 ; resigned 1499.
William de Thornbergh, resigned. Richard Petyrton, 17 July, 1499 ; promoted in 1503, to
Roger de Cottisford, 12 Nov. 1300, died 1331. be Abbat of Notley, co. Buck.
Robert de Curtkington, (q. Kirtlington) 6 Cal. Dec. 1331. William Dadyngton, confirmed Dec. 1503 ; died 1510.
Roger Warde, 3 Cal. Jun. 1348. John Coventry.
Nicholas de Shobington, elected 10 Cal. Jul. 1349. William Browne, the last Prior, 1532 ; who in 1534, with
Peter le Grote, resigned 1354. eight Monks, subscribed to the King's supremacy, and
Robert Blaket, 5 Id. Dec. 1354, died 1383. surrendered.
Robert Islip, confirmed I April, 1383.
7 Val. Eccles. Hen. VIII. vol. ii, p. 189, and Dunkin's Bicester, p. 253.
492 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
In 1549 (3 Ed. VI.) the King granted to Henry Tanner and Thomas Bocher, inter al. certain
tenements, meadows, pastures, &c. in Westcott, in the occupation of John Gournay, at the rent of
half a pound of pepper ; also, lands in occupation of John Edwards, and lands in Waddesdon, late
parcel of the possessions of the Guild, or Fraternity, of Alesbury, and half-an-acre and one rood, the lat-
ter lying in the north field of Waddesdon, in Priours furlong, &c. (formerly given for the miantenance
of a lamp in the Church) to hold the same as of the Honour of Hampton-court, co. Middlesex, by fealty
only, and not in capite ;' and in 1551 (5 Ed. VI.) an Indenture was made between Henry Tanner
and Thomas Butcher, in settlement of certain lands and tenements in Westcott and Waddesdon.
In 1580, the Queen granted to the Company of Mercers, in London, certain rents issuant out of
lands in divers parishes, and inter al. in Waddesdon, formerly given by John Colet, late Dean of St.
Paul's, and afterwards in the hands of King Ed. VI. by an Act of Parliament for dissolving Chauntries.-
In 1528 (42 Eliz.) Westcote was assessed to the Provision Money, " for Beeves and Muttons for the
service of the Queen's Household, 1/. Os. Ic/."'
The expence of maintaining the poor was,in 1776, 112/. 13.s. 9rf.; in 1783, 126?. 5s. lid.; in 1784,
1561. 5s. 9d. ; in 1785, 167/. Is. 3d.; in 1822, 1538/. 4s.; in 1823, 1479/. 19s.; and in 1824, 1674/. 10s.
Population Returns : In 1821, Inhabitants 261 ; in 1831, only 242.
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY.
Waddesdon is the head of a Rural Deanery, an ecclesiastical partition, co -extensive with the ancient
civil division of the Hundred.
The Bishops divided their dioceses into decennaries, or tithings, each of which originally, as the name
implies, contained ten parishes with the appellation of a Rural Deanery, in like manner as in cities
where the Chapter consisted of other Clergy with the Dean, to manage the affairs of the Cathedral.*
By the laws of Edward the Confessor, forfeitures to the Crown for breach of the King's peace, were
to be divided in certain proportions between the King, the Earl of the County, and the Dean;*
whence it is inferred that Rural Deaneries must have been established at the same time as the Hundreds,
with which they were usually co-extensive ; and although the number of Churches may not have been
always the same, so neither have Hundreds remained unaltered ; for they were formerly, as Gibson
affirms, made up of a certain number of tithings, each consisting of the like number of families, and
not regarded as territorial but popular divisions ; an increase or diminution of the number of
Churches in a Rural Deanery in no respect altering the nature of the office, as constables and tithing-
men are popular officers, and the number of persons subject to them, may vary without enlarging or
contracting the extent of their local authority. The Rural Dean was appointed by the Bishop to in-
spect the clergy and people within a district under the Diocesan only, in like manner as the Arch-
Presbyter of the See ; but when the office of the latter became elective, and was filled by the Chapter,
the Archdeacon shared in the administration of the Episcopal jurisdiction, and in the appointment of
Rural Deans." They were anciently admitted with an oath of office,' and had power to convene Rural
Chapters, made up of the Clergy who had received institution to benefices, or of Curates, within the
Deanery, the Dean being President or Prolocutor. Such Chapters were held every three weeks ;
afterwards monthly, and the principal Chapters every three months. The Deans constituted their
1 Rot. Pat. 3 Ed. III. Test 28 Mar. 2 Stat. 1 Ed. VI. c. 14. ; Rot. Pat. 23 Eliz. Test. 10 Feb.
^ Roll of Nicli. Bosse, Hii^li Constable. * Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. : also Burn's Eccles. Law, vol. ii. p. 81.
'•Ibid. p. 119. "Gibson, p. 971. 7 Burn's Eccles. Law, vol. ii. p. 121.
WADDESDON. 493
sub-deans, or vicegerents, in case of sickness or other necessary absence ; and the place of visitation
was fixed at any Church within the Deanery, where the minister was compelled to provide entertain-
ment for the Dean and his officers, or procure it for them; hence Ecclesiastical Procurations, payable
in lieu of such entertainments : but by a council at London, in 1342, under Archbishop Stratford,
Chapters were directed to be held in the larger parishes only, and not in obscure villages ; and from
that time the office of a Rural Dean declined in importance. Afterwards Otho, the Pope's Legate,
required Archdeacons to be frequently present in the Chapter of the Rural Dean, by which these
officers, being their inferiors, superseded the original authority : and the Chapter was subsequently held,
sometimes by the Archdeacon, and sometimes by the Dean. Rural Deans were also to attend the
Episcopal Synod, or General Visitation of the Bishop, and were allowed their expenses : but that part
of their duty relating to informations and presentments, in process of time, devolved upon Church-
wardens; and their office, as members of Provincial Synods, was transferred to Proctors.^ They had
progressively acquired a judicial power, so that it was thought necessary, in the time of Otho, to pro-
hibit their cognizance of matrimonial causes, and to enjoin their having an authentic official seal,-
Their authority was farther abridged by Pope Alexander IIL and the council of Tours ;^ and before
the Reformation, their jurisdiction having been almost wholly superseded, was disregarded in the
future provisions for Ecclesiastical establishments : and although the authority of the ancient Canons
was not absolutely taken away, the continuance of the office was made more dependent upon the
Bishop, who, by the ordinances of the convocation held in London in 1571, was to chuse " Rural Deans"
out of such clergymen in every Deanery, whom the Archdeacon found to be well endowed with learn-
ing and judgement, worthy to instruct the people in Sermons, and to preside over others : they
gradually declined in authority, and the appointment of such officers has been more and more neglected.
The Rectory of Waddesdon being divided into three Portions, it perhaps might be doubtful
whether the office of Rural Dean appertained to the first Portionist exclusively, or were held or
exercised alternately by the others ; but it is probable, that, from the earliest period to the present
time, scarcely any instance has occurred of two of the Portionists being simultaneously resident in the
Parish ; nevertheless, the names of the three several Portionists stand at the head of the catalogue of
Incumbents of the several Benefices and Chanteries comprised in the Deanery of Waddesdon, in 1535, ,
in the order subjoined.*
1 Burn's Eccle. Law, vol. ii. p. 123. " Linwood's Constitut. Dn". Othonis, tab. ii. fo. xlviii. and Iv. ^ Kennet.
* IN WADDESDON DEANERY.
HoGH BiiysTow£, Rector of 1st Vonion, -\ pfatis decano & canonicis ac' oma exit' & pficua annuati'
iJoJeri Lee, Rector of 2d Portion, Vof Waddesdon. pven' de diet' vicar' & rectoria pfat' decano & canonicis
RichardHunti/ngdon,Rec.o( 3d Portion,) ptinent q' onarideb cora cotnissionar' dni R' in Com Bark in
Gilbert Geffrey son, Chanter in the Chapel of Heythrope, hac pte assignat.
que valet p anin £vj xiij iiij. Richard Gefferey, Vicar of Okeley.
Ind" p X'™ pte Regis xiij iiij. William Castell, Rector of Pychecotte.
John Cutler, Rector of Queynton. John Kele, Vicar of Shobyngdon.
Roger Smyth, Curate of North-Marston, under the Dean Thomas Smyth, Rector of Hikeford,
and Canons of the College of Wyndesor. John Hayes, Vicar of Wormenhalle.
H'et in Richard Foster, Vicar of Over-Wynchingdon.
Stipend sive salario itm p. annii de dictis decano &\ que valet coibs annis £viij — —
canonicis xx". mks. Et p. resid' oinni' pficuii &I Inde in
emolumentorum dictevicarieptin' diet. Rogerus annuati >n'. Denariis solutis arch' pdio p. sinod' p'an — iij —
computabil' est eisdem decano & canonicis, Et ideol Et sic val' clare p annu vij xvij —
hie in one. J Inde p. x"*. pte dno Regi debit , , — xv viij
Eo qd dicte vicaria & rectoria ibm appropriat' sunt William Bulkeley, Rector of Fleet-Marston.
494 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
THE ADVOWSON AND RECTORY.
The exact period of the separation of the Rectory into three Portions is unknown. It is presumed
to have been before the time of Henry HI. and the patronage of eacli seeming to have been appendant
to a manor, it has been conjectured that the original endowment of the living was made consenta-
neously by the possessors of these Manors, who might have agreed to erect or provide for one Church
between or among them; but of this, as an historical fact, no record is discovered.
In 1291, the Ecclesiastical Taxation of Pope Nicholas IV. rated the three Portions at 10/. each,
and a stipend of 5/. 13s. id. per cinn. payable to the Abbat of Bee, in Normandy, out of the revenues.'
In the reign of Edward HI. this Parish was taxed to the ninths, then levied upon property at
36/. 13s. 4t/. a very large sum at that time ; and it was represented by the assessors, John Gray, jun.
Nicholas Clompe, William Bedel, John Saunders, William Crabbe, and Robert Willes, that they were
of no higher value, because many other commodities belonging to the Church, were not properly
rateable to the ninths, and all the inhabitants occupying in the parish were agriculturists, and not
merchants or cattle-dealers, who could be assessed to the fifteenths ; and the ninths were sold for
G51. 16a. 8</.-'
The three Portionists, commonly and indifferently styled Rectors, had great and small tithes in
Waddesdon, Warmeston, and Westcote ; but Eythorpe, Hamme, tlie Woods, and some other enclo-
sures were discharged from tithes by small moduses. Eythorpe paid 16/. per ami. the estate of the
Duke of Marlborough about 91. ; Hamme only 20s. ; and Lammas-Ground was worth about 20/.
per ann.^
To each Portionist a plot was attached, called Priest's Acre, containing, by computation, about two
and a half acres. The first Portionist had about twenty-six acres in two closes adjoining his house.
The second Portion was the smallest, and had been alienated in the reign of Hen. VIII. It was called
Motions Portion, probably from an ancient incumbent, and besides the house, had only ten acres.
The third, called the Portion at the Green, had about twenty acres. The house decayed.^
Part of this land was to find straw and hay to litter the church:' To this Portion was also allotted
121. per rtHH. payable out of the Rectory or Parish of Pitchcott.*^ About ten houses were held under
the Manor of the first Portion, five under the second, and five under the third."
In the reign of Elizabeth, the Queen, by patent, reciting concealment by Hugh Bristow, Robert
Lee, and Richard Huntingdon (the three Portionists) demised the tenths of the three Portions, with
all oblations, obventions, pensions, altarage. Sec. to Richard Stenhouse, from Lady-day, 1570, for
twenty-one years, at 15/. per ann. for each Portion."
In the civil disturbances, in the reign of King Charles I. it was referred to a Committee of the
House of Commons, 6 March, 1640, for Sir M. Spiller to consider of the nature of the offence of Sir
Nath. Brent, Sir Jo. Lamb, and Dr. Roane, in imposing a yearly stipend of 15/. upon the parishioners
Jo/in Mabbysten, or Mabilston, Rector of Ludgarsall. Christopher Danyell, Rector of Myddle-Claydon.
Christopher Walker, Rector of Aston-Sandford. John Beke, Vicar of Est-Cleydon.
Oliver Wedyngton, Vicar of Kyngeshey. James Wedyington, Vicar of Elmer.
Richard Hunteley, Rector of Grendon-Underwood. George Clethero, Rector of Ovyng-e.
The value with Procurations, Synodals, &c. the same as in Ecton, excepting that the gross annual amount stands at 2d.
more in each Benefice [Lib. Valor. Hen. VIII. vol. iv. pp. 235, 236.]
» Taxat. P. Nic. p. 34. " Inquis. Nonar. p. 358. ^ From an old Terrier among Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon.
Mbid. sSeeQuAiNTON.p. 425. 6 Page 385. 7 Willis's MSS.
" Rot. Pat. Eliz. Test. 27 July. See also p. 496, 510.
WADDESDON. 495
of Waddesdon, for the maintenance of an organ there ; and Mr. Prideaux, Mr. Rigby, Mr. Perd,
(q. Praed?) Mr. Arthur Goodvvyn, and Sir Arthur Heseh-igg, were added to the Committee.^
By an Inclosure Act, in 1765, an alteration was made in the tythes of Westcote, and an annual
payment of 105/. assigned to the three Portionists in lieu of all tithes there, and for ancient inclosures,
secured out of the estate of George Duke of Marlborough, K. G. in this parish, to be made " at the
door of the church," on the four usual quarter-days from Midsummer, 1766, with reservation of their
" accustomed oblations, mortuaries, Easter-offerings, and surplice fees."-
By another Act, in 1774, reciting the title of the Portionists to all the rectorial and small tithes
within the parish, or composition in lieu of the same, excepting about eighty-eight acres in the lot
meadow, in which the said Portionists had twenty-four acres of glebe and seven acres (formerly part of
the lot meadow) in lieu of all tithes whatsoever out of the same meadow, it was provided, that these
several allotments should be made to the Portionists and their successors, conveniently near to their
respective Rectory Houses, as compensation for glebe, commons, and tithes of ancient inclosures in
the township ; and that the proprietors of the lands to be inclosed under the Act should be exonerated
from all future payments to the Portionists, excepting the Easter and other offerings, surplice-fees, &c.
reserved under a former Act,^ the Portionists being empowered to borrow, not exceeding 1200^ upon
mortgage of the lands allotted, to defray the expences of enclosure, with provision for gradual re-
payment.
The three Portions are respectively charged in the books at 15/. yearly tenths IZ. 10s. archidi-
aconals, 3s. 6|rf. and the net annual value, according to modern returns, is of the first Portion, 178/.
of the second, 202/. and of the third, \b2l.per ann.*
The duty of the three Portionists has been usually performed, during a very long series of years, by
a resident Curate officiating for all the Rectors, and likewise as Curate or Minister of Over-Winch-
endon, in the same patronage.
RECTORS OF THE FIRST PORTION OF WADDESDON.
H. DE CouRTXEY. John Homcastle, presented on the death of Solers, 6
Walter de Waddesdon was admitted to the Prebend, Cal. Mar. 1.343, by the grant of Hugh Courteney. He
(which H. de Courteney held, in 1229) on the presen- exchanged for the Rectory of Lodeswell, co. Devon, with
tation of Sir Robert Courteney, Knt. Richard Moulshoe, who was admitted a Portionist,
Nicholas de Waddesdon, presented 1243, by Mary de 3 non. May 1350 : and at his death,
Courteney. Henry de Southden was presented 3 Id. Sept. 1361,
Alan Mainet or Nimet, on whose death Richard de by Hugh de Courteney, Earl of Devon.
Stanford was instituted to the Prebend in Wotesden, 14 Robert Breche, presented (on the death of Southden)
Cal. April 1278. 6 Sept. 1366, by Hugh Earl of Devon.
Robert Fitz Bernard, pr. 10 Cal. Jan. 1290, by Hugh Thoynas Bentham, 1383. Willis says that he quitted
de Courteney, on the death of Stanford. the second Portion of this rectory for the first, and
Edmund Bernard, pr. by the king in 1296. dying
William Roc/ale, presented on the resignation of Robert Shelley was presented 23 June, 1399, by the
Bernard 5 July, 1298. He died; and Earl of Devon, but is presumed never to have received
Henry de Solers was presented 1 June, 1326, by Hugh institution, for
de Courteney, having resigned the third Portion in 1322, Edward Upton was collated by the Bishop of Lincoln,
after about six years' incumbency.^ 20 March, 1399, to a Portion in the Church of Waddes-
1 Commons' Journals, vol. ii. p. 97. - Stat. 5 Geo. III. c. 7. p, 67.
3 Stat. 14 Geo. III. c. 24, pp. 7, 8, 9. * Modern Returns under recent Orders of Parliament. ^ See p. 504.
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
don, which Master Robert Shelley had obtained by the
lapse of six months.
John CasfeZ/ presented 4 Feb. 1419, to "that Portion
which Edward Upton held." He resigned, and
John Carhrooh was presented, 14 Dec. 14-2;3, by King
Henry VI.
Robert Johnson, alias Loicsnn, A. M. was presented
5 Feb. 1463, on the death of John, last Rector, by George
(Nevil) Bishop of Exeter.
Thomas Cuson presented on the resignation of Robert
Lowson,' 26 May, 1465, by George, Bishop of Exeter,
Lord of Waddesdon.- On the resignation of Cuson,
Richard Spuret was instituted 19 April, 1407, on the
presentation of George (Nevil) Archbishop of York.
Uuffli Bristow, presented -20. May, 1504, (on the death
of Spuret) by Sir Hugh Conway, Knt.^
IVilliam Bathcrne, instituted 10 April, 1549, on the
presentation of the King.
Robert Ray nobis, L.L.D. collated 12 Nov. 1554, by
John (White) Bishop of Lincoln, on lapse. Wilhs calls
him "the Bishop's Chaplain;" and if so, he was pro-
bably the same who was, in 1545, Master of St. Cross
Hospital, near Winchester ; in 1 547, Commissary under
Dr. Stenard; Chancellor to Gardiner, Bisliop of Win-
chester, 1.3 July, 155.3, D.C.L. also Fellow of Winches-
ter College, Prebendary of Lincoln and Chichester.*
He held this living only one year, and was succeeded by
William Sheldon, who was instituted in 1555, or 1556.
Gabriel Goodman, A. M. instituted in 1 559 ; and also
to the second Portion in the same year, but resigned this
first Portion upon having other preferment,^ and was
succeeded by
John Purefoy, A.M. instituted in 1582, as also in the
same year to the third Portion. But in another account
Henry Haslefoot is said to have succeeded him, with-
out any date affixed to his institution.
Henry Wilkinson, B. D. occurs Rector of this Portion
in 1605, and died in 1647.^
Richard Bennet, A. M. 1 648. He was also Rector of
the second Portion ; and, being deprived for non-confor-
mity, retired into Derbyshire, and was succeeded by
John Ellis, B.D. presented 14 Oct. 1661, and in a few
days afterwards to the second Portion, in addition to the
third, which he had previously obtained. He was Fellow
of Catharine Hall, Cambridge, and father of Philip Ellis,
who having gone over to the Church of Rome, was con-
secrated a Titular Bishop of that Church at St. James's,
Westminster, on Sunday, 6 May, 1688." He died here,
8 Nov. 1681 : and was succeeded by
Robert Parsons, A.M. pr. by Thomas Wharton, Esq.
and instituted 20 April, 1682. He had been, in 1672,
presented to the vicarage of Shabinydon,^ which he held
with this Portion. He was Chaplain to Anne, Countess
Dowager of Rochester, widow of Henry Wilmot, Earl
of Rochester ; and some time Curate of Adderbury in
Oxfordshire, under William Beaw, D. D. who being
made Bishop of Landaff, in 1 679, gave him a Prebend
in that Cathedral. He was also Rector of Oddington,
CO. Gloucester, in 1 687, on the presentation of Dr. Com-
ber, Precentor of York, (afterwards Dean of Durham,)
and 13 March, 1702, installed Archdeacon of Glouces-
ter. He died 18 July, 1714, and was buried at Od-
dington, having been the author of " A Sermon preached
at the Funeral of John Earl of Rochester," 9 Aug.
1680, on St. Luke, chap. xv. ver. 7; Oxon. 1680, 4to.
" A discourse," says Wood, " so excellent as to have
given great and general satisfaction to all good and judi-
cious readers ;" ^ thus adopting the very words of Bishop
Burnet, who, in his remarks on '• Some Passages in the
Life and Death of John Earl of Rochester," thus
mentions the author : " The minister that attended con-
stantly on him, was that good and worthy man, Mr. Par-
1 See Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon.
- He attained this patronage on the attainder of the Courtneys, and is called in the Register, Bishop of Exeter : but it
appears by Le Neve, that having been admitted to the temporalities of the Bishoprick of Exeter, 21 March, 1456, and
consecrated in 1458, he was translated 15 Id. March, 1465, to the See of York, so that according to this account, he must
have been Archbishop of York before he presented Cuson to this living, which agrees with that which is elsewhere related
of liis having the grant of Waddesdon, in the 5th of Edward IV. See Le Neve's Fasti, p. 82, citing Rymer, vol. ii. p. 545.
' Hugh Bristow, Clerk, Parson of Waddesdon, by his Will dated 4 Dec. 1549, and proved 15 Dec. following, directs
his body to be buried in the " Queere of Waddesdone ;" bequeaths legacies to Ric. Browne and each of his children, and
20s. to each child of John Tiirney and of Richard Cripplande's wife; also to Roger Cratemander's children (which Roger
married the niece of Cripplande.) He also gave to his god-daughter, Joane Lamburn, 6s. 8d. ; and every other of his god-
children, lid.; to Master Gubberdyn to pray for him, 5s.; the residue to Ralph Palmer his executor. Witnesses
Gilbert GeflTery, John Dyke, Priest, Will. Brown, and Thomas Palmer. [Willis's MSS. See also p. 494, and 510.]
* Le Neve's Fasti. Wood's Fasti. Oxon. vol. i. pp. 68, 8 1 . ^ gge Rectors of the Second Portion, p. 502.
'^ Ibid. MVood's Athenee, vol. ii. p. 362. Also Waddesdon, pp. 506, 508. » See Shabingtox, p. 452.
3 Wood's Fasti, vol. ii. pp. 168, 181. Atkins's Gloucestershire, p. 589. Le Neve's Fasti, p. 104.
WADDESDON.
497
sons, his mother's Chaplain, who hath, since his death,
preached according to the directions he received from
him, his funeral sermon ; in which there are so many re-
markable passages, that I shall refer my reader to them,
and will repeat none of them here, that I may not thereby
lessen his desire to edifie by that excellent discourse,
which has given so great and so general a satisfaction to
all good and judicious readers." ' In the same pubUcation,
a remarkable relation is introduced of the effect upon
Rochester, when the liii. chap, of Isaiah was read, and
explained to him, by this zealous Divine.- In the course
of Mr. Parsons's incumbency, Richard Purchas (after-
wards Perpetual Curate of North-Marston)^ was "in
1657, licenced to be Curate of this Portion."
Nathaniel Smalley, instituted 25 July, 1714, on the
presentation of Thomas Earl of Wharton. He vacated
Wooburn Vicarage on taking this Portion, and held Over-
Winchendon with Waddesdon until his death in 1723:*
when he was succeeded by
Laurence Kincjford, A.M. instituted 13 Feb. 1723, on
the presentation of the Hon. Mr. Justice Denton, Tliomas
Gibson, John Jacomb, and Robert Jacomb, Trustees of
Philip Duke of Wharton. He was of St. Mary Hall, Oxon.
A.M. 3 July, 1689. He is mentioned in the biography
of Lord Wharton, who, when a member of the House of
Commons, in consequence of his principles in religious
matters being suspected by his opponents, because he
was brought up among Presbyterians, -took occasion to
remark, that although he was by education a dissenter,
he was a churchman by choice; in proof of which, he
added, that he kept a divine of the estabhshed church of
England, Mr. Kingford, in his house, as his domestic
chaplain, and had the prayers of that church constantly
read there twice daily. Mr. Kingford lived in the
Wharton family more than twenty years,* and held this
benefice at his death in 1726.
George Stephens, A. M. instituted 1 May, 1 727, on the
presentation of Francis Earl of Godolphin, and Henri-
etta Duchess of Marlborough, his wife. He was of
Trinity College, Camb. A.B. 1702, A.M. 1710, and
died in 1733.
Pier son Lloyd, A.M. inducted 17 Dec. 1733, on the
presentation of Henrietta Duchess of Marlboi-ough. He
was of Trinity College, Cambridge, A. B. 1 725, A. M.
1729; also Rector of Croughton, co. Northampton, and
second master of Westminster school. He resigned
Croughton in 1779, was promoted to be Chancellor of
York, and died 5 Jan. 1781. His learning, judgment,
and moderation, endeared him to all who partook of his
instructions, during a course of almost fifty years spent
in the service of the public at Westminster school. He
had a pension of 400/. per ann. for life, granted by the
King,^ and was father of Robert Lloyd, a poet, of whom
some particulars are inserted in the Parochial History of
Medmenham.
William Cole, A.B. inducted 19 April, 1781, on the
presentation of His Grace the most noble George Duke
of Marlborough, K.G. He was born 8 Dec. 1753, at
Merstham, in Kent, and received great assistance in
early life from the generosity of Dr. John Chapman,
(Archdeacon of Sudbury, Chaplain to Archbishop Potter),
who having married the widow of Dr. Doughty, Vicar of
Fordingbridge, co. Hants, of which county Mrs. Cole,
mother of the subject of this notice, was a native ; she
accompanied her friend Mrs. Chapman into Kent, and
Wilham, the eldest of her four children becoming a favou-
rite of Dr. Chapman, who was an eminent scholar, and
perceived great docility in Cole, sent him first to Ashford
School, and afterwards to a private seminary at Bierton,
near Aylesbury, under the instruction of the Rev.
Timothy Shaw, then Vicar.^ In 1766, he was admitted
at Eton College on the Foundation, thence passed to
Cambridge, was made Scholar of King's College in 1773,
and Fellow in 1776; in 1778, A.B. in 1781, A.M.;
He gained the first prize medal distributed by the
executors of Sir William Brown, Knt. M. D. for the best
Greek Ode, in imitation of Sappho, written by an
Under-Graduate. In 1777, he returned to Eton as an
Assistant Master, but resigned in May, 1780, on being
appointed tutor to George Marquess of Blandford, and
Lord Henry Spencer, sons of His Grace George Duke of
Marlborough, K. G. to whom he was also Chaplain. In
December, 1788, he was collated to the Rectory of
Merstham, in Kent, by Dr. John Moore, Archbishop of
Canterbury, and thereupon resigned this Portion.
In May, 1792, he was installed Prebendary of West-
minster; in April, 1795, created D.D. by the Arch-
bishop's diploma, at the Archiepiscopal Visitation at
Canterbury. In March, 1798, was presented to the
Vicarage of Shoreham in Kent, by the Dean and Chap-
ter of Westminster. He married second daughter
of the Hon. Sir Wilham Blackstone, Knt. Justice of the
1 Burnet's " Passages of the Life and Death of John Earl of Rochester," p. 131. = Ibid. p. 140, 141.
3 See p. 344. ■* See Monumental Inscriptions in Waddesdon.
5 Memoirs of the Life of Thomas Marquess of Wharton, p. 37 ; also, see p. 502.
6 Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, vol. ii. p. 331 ; and Gent. Mag. vol, 11. p. 46. t See Bierton.
VOL. I. 3 S
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Common Pleas ; died in his Prebendal house at West-
minster, 14 Sept. 1806, and was buried in the north-
aisle of the Abbey ; having been the author of
A Latin Explanation prefixed to the second volume of
the " Marlborough Gems," a splendid work, privately
printed under the auspices of George Duke of Marl-
borough, K. G. : also
A Sermon preached at the General Fast, 7 March,
1797, inscribed to Jacob Bryant, Esq. whom he justly
calls, "the most learned and zealous champion of the
truth of the Mosaic and Christian Dispensation," from
Psalm xxii. ver. 4 ; and
A Sermon preached in Westminster Abbey on Election
Sunday, L3 May, 1798, on Galatians chap. iv. ver. 4.
" On the present Crisis of Affairs."
James Burton, D.D. inducted 11 April, 1789, on the
presentation of his Grace George Duke of Marl-
borough, K. G.
He was of Magdalen College, Oxford, A.M. 13 April,
1768; B.D. 12 July, 1788; D.D. 18 July, 1789; Chap-
lain in Ordinary to the King, Rector of Over-Worton,
CO. Oxon. with the Perpetual Curacy of Nether- Worton,
annexed ; Vicar of Little-Berkhampstead, Herts, 9 Dec.
1789, on the presentation of James Marquess of SaUs-
bury; Canon of Christ-Church, Oxon, where he died
in July 1825, set. 81.
E. W. F. Latimer, inducted 1 8.30, on the presentation
of his Grace George Duke of Marlborough.
RECTORS OF THE SECOND PORTION OF WADDESDON".
Walter de Barkas.
Alexander, who was first Mcar in the Prebend of Wot-
tesden, which Walter de Barras held, was presented to
the same Prebend, in 1220, by the Lady Maud de
Courteney.
Reijinald died in 1261, and was succeeded by
Walter de Chikehall, pr. 1261, by the Lord John de
Courteney.
Anketillus, called " Dominns Forestarius," pr. 1276, on
the death of Chikehall, by Sir OUver de Dinant, Knt.
Thomas de Arches, pr. 6 ]\Iay 1296, on the death of
Ankitill the Norman, by the King, by reason of the
custody of the lands of Hugh de Courteney.
Huc/h de Scales, pr. 3 Cal. Feb. 1309, (on the death of
Thomas de Arches) by Sir Hugh de Courteney.
William de Wykingeston, resigned in 1318, and in his
stead,
Eustachius Moton, or Motton, was pr. 2 Cal. July,
1318, by Sir Hugh Courteney. He is said to have after-
wards taken the third Portion, but this can scarcely be
reconciled with the list of Portionists.^ This second
Portion subsequently acquired the appellation oi Motion's,
probably from the name of this incumbent. He died in
1.361, and
John Shillinr/ford, pr. 3 Cal. Jan. 1361, by the Earl of
Devonshire, resigned this Portion for a Canonry in
Exeter Cathedral, which he obtained by exchange with
William Ponton, who was Rector in 1380.
Thomas Benthavi, pr. 7 May, 138.3, by Edward Cour-
tenoy, Earl of Devon, had been previously Canon and
Prebendary of Exeter, and is said to have exchanged
with Ponton.
-■■ Richard Bennet occurs Rector. He was in possession
of the third Portion in 1383, and is presumed to have
obtained this Portion afterwards, but in what year is
unknown. He exchanged for the Vicarage of Amport
in Hampshire, with
Tliomas atte End, who was presented by Edward
Courteney, Earl of Devonshire, 18 Dec. 1394, and sub-
sequently exchanged for the Rectory of Tarrant- Hinton,
CO. Dorset, with
John Benlei, who was instituted 19 Nov. 1401. He
exchanged for Shrewton, or Iwerne-Courteney, co.
Dorset, with
John Wotten, 12 Oct. 1403; who died in 1409.
John atte Hall was presented 20 Dec. 1409, by Ed-
ward Earl of Devon, to Motion's Portion, on the death
of Wotten.
Nicholas Donstan, pr. 16 Aug. 1419, by Edward Earl
of Devonshire, to the second or Motion's Portion, on the
death of John Hall ; and exchanged it for the Rectory of
Heydon, co. Notts, with
Peter Bishop, 19 April, 1422.
Richard Hervey is said to have died Licumbent of this
Portion ; and was succeeded by
Nicholas Buchland, presented 5 May, 1447, by Thomas
Courteney. He resigned in 1451, and took the third
Portion, being succeeded here by
William Sandeland ; on whose cession
Nicholas Barton was instituted, 29 July, 1477, on the
ec Rectors of the Third Portion.
WADDESDON.
499
presentation of Henry (Bourchier) Earl of Essex. The
Courteneys, formerly patrons, being attainted in the time
of Edward IV. this Nicholas Barton appears to have
fallen under suspicions which exposed him to great
trouble. He was accused in 1483, of witchcraft and in-
continence, but it must be presumed that neither of those
offences was proved against him, for " he still kept this
Portion" ' until his death.
Thovias Marshall, pr. 7 Feb. 1496, on the death of
Nicholas Barton, by Sir Hugh Conway, Knt. He died
in 1507, and was succeeded by
John Newport, A.M. presented 5 Sept. 1507, by Sir
Hugh Conway, Knt." He resigned, and
Nicholas Mainwarinff was pr. 28 Dec. 1517, by Sir
Hugh Conway, Knt.
Robert Ley, pr. 21 Feb. 1521, on the cession of Man-
waring, by the Countess of Devon.
Willian^^Barnes, pr. 1562, by John Goodwj-n, Esq. and
at his decease,
Gabriel Goodman, A.M. was presented 25 Nov. 1569,
by John Goodwyn, Esq. He was' descended from a
family long established in Denbighshire ; educated at
St. John's College, Cambridge, of which he became a
member about 1542. He was Rector of the first Portion
here' from 1559, and also Prebendary of Chiswick, in
St. Paul's Cathedral ; Prebendary of Westminster, in the
twelfth stall,^ by the Queen's patent, 21 June, 1560;= and,
23d Sept. 1561, (being then S.T.P.) promoted to the
Deanery of that Collegiate Church, with which dignity he
held both these Portions of Waddesdon until 1582. He
was one of the original subscribers to the Tliirty-nine
Articles of the Church of England. About 1570, in
consequence of the frequent ravages of the plague in
London, he procured, for the Dean and Chapter of
Westminster, " the privilege of their becoming tenants
in perpetuity of the Prebend of Chiswick, then held by
him, that some of the Chapter with the Master of the
School and Scholars on the Foundation might have a
convenient place of refuge,"" when their timidity (he
might have added) superseded the use of their reasoning
faculties, and triumphed over their religious confidence,
philosophical knowledge, and medical sagacity. He
resigned the first Portion in 1582, but retained the
second with other preferment until his death in 1601,
and was buried in St. Benet's Chapel in the Abbey,
where is his monument, with an effigy in a doctor's
habit kneeling, and the following inscription : —
D. O. M.
Gabriel Goodman Sacrae Theologias
Doctor, Decanus hujus Ecclesiae
quintus cui cum summa laude XL anos
praefuisset et Ruthianiae in Comitatu
Denbighensi ubi natus Hospitale fundasset
Scholaque instituisset, vit£e sanctimonia
Deo bonisq. charus in coeleste.
Patriam pie emigravit xvii Junii anno
Salutis MDCi fet. Lxxiii.
Arms. Az. a cross flory bet. five martlets Or. on a
chief of the last between two roses Gu. France and
England quarterly: Church of Westminster: impaUng
per pale. Erm and Sab. an Imperial eagle displayed
Or, on his breast a crescent Gu. in a canton Az. a
martlet Or.
This Dean conducted himself with great discretion
during the long period of his rule; and though the Puri-
tans of that day reported that he was too juuch influ-
enced by the Lord Treasurer, Burleigh, whom they
stiled his patron, and in derision, " the Dean of West-
minster,"" yet the deference which he paid to that states-
man does not appear to have at any time interfered with
his duty. It was probably at his request, that Cecil, in
1 594, settled an annuity of twenty marks on the scholars
elected from Westminster to the Universities of Oxford
and Cambridge.'' In 1566, when it was proposed to
abolish the privilege of sanctuary in cases of debtors,
the Dean and Chapter were heard in behalf of the sanc-
tuary at Westminster, by Forde, an eminent civiUan, and
Plowden, a distinguished lawyer. This Dean also spoke
on that occasion, and the Bill was rejected.^ Dr. Good-
man, in his oration, which was delivered 16 Oct. 1566,
alleged divers grants by King Lucius and other Chris-
tian sovereigns, and Plowden on the same side, referred
to the Grant of Sanctuary by King Edward, in 1066,
with great reasons in law and chronicles. Forde also
alleged " divers stories and laws for the same," where-
upon the Bill was committed to the Master of the
RoUs, &c. to peruse the grants and certify the force of
the existing law.i«
1 Willis's MSS. 2 " He married an heiress of the Courteneys." Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. Oxen.
3 See page 49. ■* Qu. Tenth ; see Life of Goodman, p. 1 1 .
5 Rymer, vol. xv. p. 590 ; also, Le Neve's Fasti, p. 372. ^ Neale and Brayley's Westminster.
7 Strype's Life of Archbishop Parker. 8 Neale and Bray ley, who mention the date of the benefaction as 1604.
9 Monast. Anglic, vol. i. p. 284.
'" Journals of the House of Commons, 8 Eliz. vol. i. p. 74. This is also noticed in Strype's Annals of the Reformation.
500
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
This Dean assisted in the translation of that impres-
sion of the scriptures called the Bishops' Bible, com-
pleted in 1568; one of the fifteen portions of which
bears his initials, " G. G." '
He was one of the executors of Lord Burleigh's Will,
to wliom he had been domestic chaplain. He had been
about ten years before (1538) appointed by Frances
Countess of Sussex, to be one of the overseers of her
Will, for the Foundation of Sidney-Sussex College, in
Cambridge ; Archbishop Whitgift being the other over-
seer.'-'
Wliilst he was engaged in carrying into effect the
munificent designs of others, he was also employed in
the foundation of two very excellent institutions, which
entitle his memory to the particular gratitude of pos-
terity— the Hospital and Grammar School of Ruthin, his
native place, in Denbighshire. He had, in 1590, re-
founded the Collegiate Church there, having purchased
the tithes of that parish (and of Llan-Ilhydd, formerly
belonging to it, but in lay hands from the time of the
Dissolution), and with these he estabhshed Chrisfs-
Hospital, in Ruthin, for a Warden and twelve poor per-
sons (ten men and two women) to whom he appointed
weekly stipends. The Statutes were drawn up in Latin,
by the founder, who nominated the Bishop of Bangor
President and Visitor, and constituted him, together
with the Warden, a Corporation, having a common seal,
&e. under the title of " The President and Warden of
Christ' s-Hospital in Ruthin.-'"
Li 1595, he annexed to this foundation a Free Gram-
mar School and a Library; and, for the support of the
Master and Usher, obtained a Grant from the Crown,
in reversion of the moiety of the Rectory of Llan-Elidan.
He directed that the Warden of the Hospital should be
nominated by the Dean and Chapter of Westminster,
and two Curates appointed by the Warden to perform
the parochial duties of Ruthin and Llan-Rhydd; the
Head Master of the School by the Bishop of Bangor, as
President of the Hospital, or after the place had remained
one month vacant, by the Warden; or the See being
vacant, by the Dean and Chapter : the Under-Master to
be appointed by the Head-Master. The Statutes bear
a great similarity to the ordinances of Westminster
School, in the composition of which it is supposed that
this Dean was consulted. He prescribed the course of
study and the books to be used ; prohibited the admis-
sion of any scholar above sixteen years of age, and their
continuance after nineteen : he directed the President
and Warden of Ruthin to have a special care in keeping
the books in his librarj', with free ingress and egress to
the school-master, usher, and scholars ; ordered a true
inventory of all the books given to the library, "hoping"
according to his own words, " that his brethren, the
pastors there, having sometimes a reasonable use of the
books, will see that there be no lack of preaching in St.
Peter's Church, or any other in that Deanery."
Tlie portion of tithes of Llan-Elidan appropriated to
the school has been let for 500/. per ann. of which the
Master received two thirds (subject to the repairs of the
school) and the usher the residue. This example has
been happily productive of good effect, for the school
built by Dean Goodman was rebuilt and considerably
enlarged by subscription (in 1700) and an apartment
appropriated for the librai-y, the remaining space above
the school being fitted up as dormitories fur scholars in
the Master's house. The boys in the upper forms, with
the permission of the Master, have access to the library.*
Dean Goodman was several times strongly recom-
mended by his friends Archbishops Parker and WTiitgift,
for a Bishoprick: for Norwich, as is said, in 1574, on
the death of Parkhurst ; and at subsequent periods for
Worcester, Chichester, and Rochester, on the decease of
Bishops BuUingham and Curteys, and the translation of
Dr. Piers.s
He was the friend of William Morgan, afterwards
Bishop of St. Asaph, translator of the Welsh Bible ; and
Godfrey Goodman (Bishop of Gloucester in 16-24) was
his nephew : and imitating this good Dean, left estates
for charitable purposes, part of the produce of which has
been since applied in aid of the exhibitions from
Goodman's School at Ruthin to the Universities of Ox-
ford and Cambridge.
It is related of the Dean, that such was his constant
regard for the education of youth, he never failed to
attend the periodical examinations at Merchant-Tailors'
School, from the time of its foundation until near his
death."
He is mentioned, with due respect, by Fuller, in his
" Worthies," and in " Groome's Honour of the Clergy."
He bequeathed his books to the Warden of Ruthin;
and amongst numerous charitable donations to the
places with which he had been connected, bestowed 5/.
for the purpose of setting poor people at work in Wad-
desdon," at the discretion of the churchwardens and
' Strype. - Dyer's Cambridge, vol. ii. ■' Newcome, p. 44.
•> Iiiforniation of the Rev. H. H. Edwards, Preb. of Westminster, &c. See also Carlisle's Gram. Schools, vol. ii. p. 935.
5 Monast. Anglic, vol. i. p. '284. 6 Wilson's Hist, of Merchant-Tailors' School.
T Will dated '2 Mar. 1660, in Appendix to Newcome's Account of Dean Goodman. — Addenda.
WADDESDON. 501
overseers of the poor ; and to fifteen other parishes men- the Death of Dean Goodman," by Edw. ap Ralf and
tioned in his will, with which places he was con- Edward Morys.^
nected, several sums of from twenty to forty shillings Henry Wilkinson, A. B. presented 2-2d July, 1601 :
each. also held the first Portion, as says Browne Willis; who,
His picture on pannel is in one of the parlours of the however, has given his name John, instead of Henry.
Warden of Ruthin, as an heir loom, and an engraving He was born at Halifax, in Yorkshire, 9 Oct. 15G6; en-
from it is inserted in the " Memoir of Godfrey Good- tered of the University of Oxford, in 1581 ; elected a
man, D. D. by Richard Newcome, A. M. Warden of Probationer of Merton-Coll. in the same year, by the
Ruthin," in 1825. In St. Peter's Church, Ruthin, was interest of his kinsman Savile, the Warden; proceeded
also a mural monument (since removed into the chancel) in Arts, of which he was a Bachelor; and being (to
and a portrait on board remained in the collection of adopt the expression of Anthony a Wood) " an old
Mr. Wynne, of Coed-Coch, at a house in Ruthin.i Puritan," was elected, in 1643, one of the Assembly of
Another portrait, also was engraved by G. P. Harding, Divines.
from the picture in the hands of the Warden of Ruthin, He married Sarah, only daughter of Arthur Wake, of
is in the collection of the Dean of Westminster : and Salcey Forest, in Northamptonshire, Rector of Billing,
amongst the MSS. of Mr. Owen Jones, at the Welsh in that county, and CaiK)n of Christ-Church, Oxon. and
School in London, are three Poems in Welsh, " On had several children who became conspicuous in life ;^
1 Newcome's Life, p. 27. - Welsh Magazine, 1807 ; also Newcome's Life. — Addenda.
3 John Wilkinson, son of Henry Wilkinson, Rector of Waddesdon, by Sarah, sole daughter of Arthur Wake (of
Salcey Forest, in Northamptonshire, Rector of Billing, in that county, and Canon of Ch. Ch. Oxon.) was born at Wad-
desdon, 18th Dec. 1603, baptized in that parish, and died at Cohvich, a hamlet or manor farm belonging to Waddesdon,
on the anniversary of his birth-day, as is particularized in the Parochial Register in 1664. He was one of the delegates
commissioned by that Parliament, which, in the language of those times, was styled the blessed, to visit the University of
Oiiioxd., for the reformation and good government thereof , and the correction of abuses. In pursuance of the authority
vested in them, the Commissioners accordingly proceeded to exercise, with due severity, the powers of their office, in the
beginning of June, 1647. Henry Wilkinson, sen. late of Magdalen-Hall, Dr. John Wilkinson, his brother, at that time
Principal of the same Hall, and this John, who was their relation, appear to have been remarkably active and zealous on
this occasion. The Commissioners had delayed their journey from London on account of a sudden tumult there, some
insults offered to the Parliamentary forces, and an alarm excited by a suspicion of mutiny in the garrison at Oxford,
which they supposed might interrupt their proceedings: notwithstanding which, five of the delegates out of twenty-four,
(Wilkinson, senior and this John being two of them) repaired to Oxford, and entered upon the business. In the end, they
deprived Fell, Dean of Christ-Church, of his Vice-Chancellorship ; and on the llth of October, Wilkinson was appointed,
with another Commissioner, to resort to the Committee in London, and give an account of their proceedings. On the 26th
of the same month, the delegates met at Mr. William Tipping's house in Can-ditch , and prorogued their session to the 29th
when a report being made by Brent and Wilkinson to the Parliament, the whole matter of the Delegacy or Commission
was left to the discretion of the visitors, who were empowered to hear and determine, without further appeal, by such ways
and means as were necessary ; and thereupon ensued citations, suspensions, deprivations, and prosecutions against all who
opposed them, which amply justified the Oxford Historian in calling this a direful visitation ; and in which the Wilkinsons
had their full share. [Ayliff^'s Univ. of Oxford, vol. ii. p. 218, 219.]
Henry Wilkinson, sen. commonly called Long Harry, another son of Henry Wilkinson, Rector of Waddesdon, was born
at Waddesdon, and baptized 4 March, 1609 ; entered as a Commoner at Magdalen-Hall, Oxon. in Lent term, 1622, made
great proficiency in his studies, took his decrees in Arts, became a tutor, Master of the Schools, and Divinity Reader in hig
house. On the 6th of September, he delivered a famous sermon in St. Mary's Church, on Rev. ch. iii. ver. 16, which
being very bitter against some Ceremonies of the Church, and very base and factious as if intended merely to make a party
for the Scots, he was summoned, the same day, to make his recantation in a form then prescribed ; but obstinately refusing
to do so, was suspended from the execution of any of his priestly functions, within the University and its precincts, till he
should make his palinody. [Nalson's Collections, vol. 1. p. 700. Walker's Sufferings of the Clergy, Pt. 1. p. 123.] Soon
afterwards, when the Long Parliament was sitting, he complained to the members (in November) of the usage he had
received from the Vice-Chancellor ; whereupon, by the command of the Committee of Religion of the House of Commons,
the Vice-Chancellor having sent up a copy of the sermon, with his exceptions against it, the Committee received them by
the hands of Dr. Baylie, on the 9th of December, but upon \>eTusa}, found nothing, as they said, which rendered Wilkinson
deserving of punishment, and therefore released him from his suspension, and ordered his sermon to be printed, which wa
accordingly done ; whereupon the author grew very bold, preached and discoursed as he pleased, settled afterwards in
502 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
and died 19th March, 1647, and was buried here; St. Austin Imitated, or Retractations and Repentings
having been the author of for having deserted the King and ParUament in the
A Catechism for the Use of the Congregation of Great RebeUion.^
Waddesdon, in Bucks. 8vo. several times reprinted: 4 He died in 1681,^ and was succeeded in this Portion by
Ed. London, 1637; Henri/ Hibbins, B. D. pr. 4 April, 1682, by Thomas
The Debt Book, or a Treatise on Romans, ch. 13, Wharton, Esq. He had been previously Ucensed Curate
v. 8, wherein is handled the civil debt of money or goods, of Over-Winchendon.*
London, 8vo. 16-25 ; with others.^ Lawrence Khyford, A. M. pr. by Thomas, Lord
Richard Bennet, pr. 1 648, as also to the first Portion. Wharton, and instituted 29 June, 1 705. In 1 723, he
He was ejected as a non-conformist, and retiring into also obtained the first Portion,^ and held both until his
Dei-byshire, received a stipend of 55/. per ann. for life, death, being succeeded in this portion by
from his successors. Benjamin Holloicaij, LL.B. pr. 17 Mar. 1726, by the
Jdhn Ellis, B. D. pr. 26 Oct. 1661, by the King, on King, on lapse, on the death of Kingford, who, not
lapse. He held this and both the other Portions until having taken out a dispensation to hold two Portions,
his death, in 1681, and was the author of which are distinct benefices, the second Portion was de-
\'indiciae Catholicae, or Rights of Particular Churches clared to have been void upon his taking the first. On
asserted, in favour of Independency ; and also of another his cession,
book of an opposite character, in which he retracted his Henry Lofft, A.M. was inducted, 21 April, 1736, on
former opinions, viz. the presentation of his Grace George Duke of Marl-
London, was appointed Minister of St. Faith's, near St. Paul's, and one of the Assembly of Divines ; became a frequent
preacher before the members of Parliament ; was made Rector of St. Dunstan's, in Fleet-street, about 1645 ; and, being
then esteemed a great zealot for promoting certain designs on foot, was constituted by the House one of the six ministers
to go to Oxford (after the surrender of the garrison there in 1646) to endeavour, by their preaching, to convert the scholars
to the Presbyterian persuasion ; and soon afterwards was also made one of the Visitors, to. break open, turn out, and take
possession ; for which service he was rewarded with a Senior Fellowship of Magdalen-College (which he held until his
marriage with a holy woman called Lady Carr) as also with a Canonry of Christchurch, on the expulsion of Dr. Thomas
lies, 12th April, 1648 ; and holding that dignity, became D.D.24 July, 1649, and was elected 20 July, 1652, Lady
Margaret's Professor of Divinity in the University ; but, upon the King's Restoration, was ejected from all his preferments ;
went to London, continued a non-conformist, and held his meetings at Clapham (or qu. Clapton ?) where, under the
Toleration Act of 1671, he gained a considerable maintenance; and it is admitted that he was a good scholar, a close
student, an excellent preacher (though his voice was shrill and whining) yet " his sermons were commonly full of dire and
confusion, especially while the Rebellion continued." Wood [Vol. ii. p. 543, 544] gives the following catalogue of his
publications : —
1. A Sermon against Lukewarmness in Religion. Lond. 1641. 4to.
2. Babylon's Ruin Jerusalem's Rising ; a Fast Sermon before the Ho. of Commons, 25 Oct. 1643, on Zach. ch, i. v. 18.
19, 20, 21. Lond. 1643. 4to.
3. The Gainful Cost ; a Fast Sermon before the Ho. of Lords, 27 Nov. 1644, on 1 Chron. ch. xxi. v. 24. Lond. 1644. 4to.
4. Miranda Stupenda ; or the wonderful and astonishing Mercies which the Lord hath wrought for England in sub-
duing and captivating the Pride, Power, and Policy of his Enemies : a Thanksgiving Sermon before the Ho. of Commons
for the surrender of Oxford, preached 21 July, 1646, on Numb. ch. xxiii. v 23. Lond. 1646. 4to. In the ^Epistle
Dedicatory, he seriously exhorted them to think of a speedy Reformation of that University ; and Wood remarks, that
perhaps he " had then thoughts of being a visitor, and of getting what ought to be obtained while the sun shined."
5. A Sermon on St. Luke, ch. xvii. v. 27, 28 ; published in the Morning Exercise at Cripplegate. London, 1661. 4to.
6. A Sermon on 2 Thessal. ch. ii. v. 3 to 10 ; published in the Morning Exercise against Popery; preached in South-
wark. Lond. 1675. 4to.
7. How we must do all in the Name of Christ ; a Sermon on Coloss. ch. iii. v. 17 ; published in the Supplement to
the Morning Exercise, at Cripplegate. London, 1674. 4to.
He (lied at Clapham, in June, 1675, and his body was conveyed to Draper's Hall, London, and thence conducted with
solemnity, by hundreds of the brethren, to St. Dunstan's, in Fleet-street, where it was buried,
1 Wood's Athenae, vol, ii. p. 112.
^ Dyer's Hist, of Univ, of Cambridge, vol, ii, p. 171, citing Carter and R, Smyth, = Page 506, 508.
■* " Lucius Henry, son of Henry Hibbins, Rector of the 2d Portion of Waddesdon, and Lucretia his wife, bap. 25 Jan,
1696," and " Lucretia, their daughter," bap, 29 April, 1701.— Par, Regist. 5 Page 497.
WADDESDON.
503
borough. He was of Sidney- Sussex-Coll. Camb. A. B.
1732; of King's-CoU. A. M. 1736 ; and is described
as a remarkably good tempered, handsome, tall man,
but excessively timid. He was one of the college
chaunters, and his good humour exposed him to the
mischievous frolics of his contemporaries, to whom
he was a constant butt at commons, in the hall,
and the parlour. One of the junior members, en-
couraged by his seniors, placed himself at the corner of
the chapel with a gun charged with powder, and Harry
LofFt being known to have a great dread of fire arms, to
terrify him, the gun was to be discharged at him as he
went to prayers. Unfortunately, the powder being
coarse and damp, poor Lofft's face received very many
whole grains, with such force, that they wounded and re-
mained in the skin. The fright and inflammation which
followed, sent the chaunter to bed ; and, lest the oc-
currence should reach the ears of the ^"ice-Chancellor,
the good tempered youth was prevailed upon to sink the
cause of his disorder, and to be only ill. Dr. Battle,
afterwards a celebrated physician, then at King's, and
another (the only two fellow-students in physic) in
college, happened not to be of the shooting party, were
sent for to the assistance of the sick man. They found
his face red, inflamed, and sprinkled with black spots !
his pulse high, and his spirits low ; and after a serious
consultation, prescribed ; and being examined by the
impatient plotters of the mischief, pronounced the
disease of their patient to be the black rash, — a never-to-
be-forgotten roast for the two medical students.^
During his residence at Waddesdon, he is said to have
been solicited by his parishioners to preach a sermon on
old Christmas- day, they being dissatisfled with the
alteration of the style. His compliance evinces the
weakness or pliability of his temper. He remarked that
he had a larger congregation than he had ever seen
before ; however, he used the service for the day, not for the
festival of Christmas, and never indulged them soagain.^
The inhabitants relate also many anecdotes of this
eccentric divine, but of whom the writer of this History
has fi-equently heard his father speak with great kindness
and regard, as a worthy, benevolent, domestic parish
priest, living in gmerous hospitality and constant urhaniti/
amongst his neighbours. There is a tradition of one of
the most dreadful storms of thunder and lightning, ac-
companied with uncommon darkness, ever known in the
vicinity, having happened at the time of his interment.
Benjamin Skinner, A.M. inducted 19 May, 1772, on
the presentation of his Grace George Duke of Marl-
borough. He married, in 1773, sister of Dr
Moore, then Dean of Canterbury ; and held with this
Portion the Rectory of Purley, co. Berks.
George Harry Chitty, Clk. inducted 7 July, 1787, on
the presentation of his Grace George Duke of
Marlborough, K. G. He was of the same family, if not
son, of a Lord Mayor of London of the same name ;
went into the Army at an early period of life, and
having been in active service in the American war, on
his return to England, lived some time at Beverley, in
Yorkshire ; married, entered into holy orders, was or-
dained by Dr. William Markham, Lord Archbishop of
York, and officiated as Curate of St. Martin's-in-the-
Fields, Westminster; subsequently became Curate of
Dinton, where he officiated in 1777 ; afterwards of Wad-
desdon, until he was presented to the Rectory, with
which he held the living of Over-Winchendon.
He was remarkably zealous in the performance of his
ecclesiastical duties, humane, charitable, and benevolent ;
but falling into ill health, retired some years preceding
his death, to Great-Berkhampstead, in Hertfordshire,
where he died \ Dec. 1 793.^
Hotcell Holland Edwards, A.M. pr. 31 May, 1794, by
his Grace George Duke of Marlborough, K. G. He
was born 6 Nov. 1762, at Pennant Egl\^'ysfach, received
the rudiments of his education at Ruthin School (the
foundation of his munificent predecessor in this living,
Dean Goodman), being entered there 29 May, 1771 ;
and removed to Westminster and admitted there, on the
foundation, as a King's Scholar, in 1778; elected Stu-
dent of Ch.-Ch. Oxon, 1782; A. B. 1786; A.M. 14 Jan.
1789, on the recommendation of Dr. Cyril Jackson, Dean
of Ch.-Ch. He became private tutor at Blenheim, to
Lord Fra. Almaric Spencer, third son of George Duke
of Marlborough, K. G. (since Baron Churchill, of Which-
1 Literary Anecdotes, vol. iv. p. 728.
s This seems to have relation to an account in Gent. Mag. vol. xxiii. p. 49, of an assemblage of 2000 persons with Ian-
thorns and candles, who came into this neighbourhood to see a black thorn bush, superstitiously believed to be a slip from
the Glastonbury Thorn, which miraculously budded every Christmas eve, was in full bloom the next day, and faded at
night ; but finding no appearance of this phenomenon, agreed that the 25th December could not be the right Christmas-
day, and therefore would neither go to Church nor entertain their friends as had been usual ; and the discontent of the
people induced some of the Ministers of the neighbouring villages to give notice, that the Old Christmas-day should be
kept holy as before. No tradition of this circumstance seems to have been preserved, unless this anecdote of Mr. LoiTt
refers to it. ^ See Winchendon.
504
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
cote) and afterwards retired to his patrimony in Wales ;
but was made Chaplain to the Hon. and Rt. Rev. Dr.
Lewis Bagot, Bishop of St. Asaph, in 1798; Canon of
St. Asaph, and Rector of Llanrwyst, in 1799, when he
vacated this Portion of Waddesdon. He was installed in
May, 1803, Prebendary of Westminster; and in 1806,
instituted to the Rectory of St. John the EvangeUst
(being his personal option) on the presentation of the
Dean and Chapter of that Collegiate Church. He mar-
ried, in 1798, Carohne, fourth and youngest daughter of
Robert Palmer, Esq. of Hurst, co. Berks ; resigned St.
John's Rectory, in 1835, but still fills his Prebendal
Stall in Westminster Abbey, and was an early and
liberal encourager of this History.
Thomas Homsbij, A.M. inducted 21 Dec. 1799 (on
the cession of Edwards) being presented by his Grace
George Duke of Marlborough, K. G. He was the son
of Thomas Hornsby, D. D. Savilian Professor of Astro-
nomy in the University of Oxford ; was educated at Ch.-
Ch. and A.M. 14 Jan. 1791; instituted 7 Dec. 1797, to
the Vicarage of Ravensthorp, co. Northampton, on the
presentation of the Dean and Canons of Ch. Ch.^ and re-
signed this Portion in 1829, being succeeded by
E. W. F. Latimer, on the presentation of his Grace
George Duke of Marlborough. He also holds the
first Portion.-
RECTORS OF THK THIRD PORTION OF WADDESDON — (sometimes Called THE PORTION AT THE GREEN.)
Hugh DE Pateshull, held this Portion, and was ad-
vanced to the Bishoprick of Lichfield and Coventry, at
Christmas, 1239 ; the Temporalities restored 1 Jan. and
he was consecrated in the Priory, near Guilford, 1 July,
1240. He was the son of Simon de PateshuU, Chief
Justice of England, and probably of the same family as
Walter de PateshuU, Sheriff of Bedford and Bucks, in
the reign of Henry HI. and of Simon de PateshuU, who
also held the same office from 1263 to 1266 inclusive.
It is said, that before he attained this preferment, he was
Treasurer of Isngland and Prebendary of St. Paul's Cathe-
dral; and that he reluctantly accepted the Episcopal
dignity. He had the character of an upright man, but
gave offence to the Monks of Coventry, by his favours to
the Canons of Lichfield.^ He died 7 Dec. 1241, and
was buried in his Cathedral Church of Lichfield.
John Wikc, presented in 1240, to the Portion which
Hugh de PateshuU held.
William de Strete, pr. 11 Jan. 1290, by Hugh de
Courteney.
Tliomas de Oudeslowe, pr. 5 Feb. 1295, by Ahanore,
reUct of Hugh de Courteney. He died and was suc-
ceeded by
Henry de Solers, who was presented 6 Cal. April,
1316, by Ahanore de Courteney; resigned in 1.322, and
1326 was instituted to the first Portion, having been
succeeded in this Portion by
John Gentclcorj)i<, pr. 4 Non. Feb. 1.322; but de-
prived for Homicide, and succeeded by
John Muton, Dec. 1329, on the presentation of Hugh
Courtenay.
Henry Moton, said to have exchanged this Portion for
the Archdeaconry of Stowe, and a Prebend in the Church
of Lincoln, in 1346; but not being mentioned by Le
Neve amongst those Dignitaries, and the time of his in-
stitution to this Portion not ascertained, might be mis-
taken for John Morton as above ; and it is remarkable
that, although Willis says, that he exchanged his Arch-
deaconry with Henry de Chaddesden, the latter does not
occur amongst the Archdeacons of Stowe, as the succes-
sor of Morton, but of John de Bukenham ; and yet un-
doubtedly he held this Portion, for
Henry de Chaddesden was instituted 2 Cal. Jan. 1346
(having been collated to the Archdeaconry of Stowe, 18
Feb. 1338) afterwards, 28 Feb. 1346, he was presented
to the Archdeaconry of Leicester, in the same Church,
admitted 14 March, and held it till his death. His
monument in St. Paul's, London, has the following in-
scription : " Orate peo anima Henrici de Chaddesden
Archidiaconi Leicestriae qui quidem Henricus obiit 8
Mail 1354."^ He had a law suit respecting his claim to
certain lands in Pitchott.^
Nicholas de Chaddesden, pr. 5 Cal. May, 1354, by
Hugh Earl of Devon.
Thomas Finderne, pr. 1360; on whose death,
Richard Stanford, or Stodfold, was presented Id. Aug.
1361, by Hugh Earl of Devon. He died, and
John Mitchell was presented 5 Id. Feb. 1-361, by
Hugh Earl of Devonshire. He exchanged for the
Rectory of Bampton, co. Devon, with
Walter Ramwell, 10 Cal. Dec. 1364; who also ex-
changed this Portion with
Baldicin de Shillinyford, about 1369; on whose resig-
nation.
Hist, of Nortliamptonsliire, vol. i. p. 218. = Page 498.
' Le Neve's Fasti, p. 172 ; Willis's Cathedrals and MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon.
3 Heylin's Help, p. 6.
' See PncncoTT, p. 385.
WADDESDON.
505
John de Shillingford, LL.D. was pr. 1 Sept. 1373, by
Hugh Earl of Devon ; and exchanged for the Rectory
of Holdsworth, co. Devon, with
William Odecomhe, who was presented 1 April, 1383,
and afterwards exchanged for the Rectory of Brink-
worth, CO. Wilts, with
Richard Benet, 31 May, 1383; who also held the
second Portion. In what year he vacated the one or
the other is not accurately stated ; but
John Bannebury died Rector of this Portion, and was
succeeded by
Thomas de Kerdington, pr. 14 June, 1392, by Edward
Earl of Devonshire.
Matthew Downe, pr. 17 Aug. 1400, by Edward Earl
of Devon : and exchanged for the Rectory of Wimpole,
CO. Camb. with
John Drake, 18 Oct. 1407.
Henry Burton, pr. 5 March, 1431, by the King.
Richard Andrew, LL.D. presented by the King, 18
Feb. 1432. He resigned this Portion in 1451, upon
being made Dean of York, in which dignity he was con-
firmed 21 Jan. but resigned it 2 June, 1477 ; and died in
the same year.'
Nicholas Buchland, pr. circ. 1451, having then relin-
quished the second Portion. He left this also in 1456,
being succeeded by
Thomas Robert, who was presented 25 July, 1456, by
Thomas Earl of Devonshire. He died, and
Robert Gagge was presented 6 May, 1477, by Henry
Earl of Essex ; and on his decease
Richard Sherrington was presented 1 1 Jan. 1 500, by
Sir Hugh Conway, Knt. He resigned ; and
Roivland Frithbank was presented 24 April, 1509, by
Sir Hugh Conway, Knt.
John Egleston, S.T.P. pr. 20 Dec 1510, on the
death of Frithbank.
Robert Huntingdon, pr. 1 April, 1516, by Sir Hugh
Conway, Knt. on the death of Egleston. He died and
was buried here ; and an inscription, formerly on a brass
plate affixed to a slab in the chancel, was preserved by
Browne Willis : —
"Orate pro aia Dom. Rob. Huntingdon quondam
unius Rector um istius EccUe qui obiit 13". die Junij A°.
Dom. 1543. CGj. aie p'picietur Deus. Amen."
John Johnson, inducted 30 June, 1543, on the King's
presentation ; notwithstanding it is found that
Tliomas Hurdis was instituted 13 July, 1543, on the
death of Huntingdon, being presented by John Goodwyn,
Gent. At his death
Henry Bexwith was pr. 19 May, 1550 ; and was suc-
ceeded by
John Harding, pr. 1 Sept. 1553, by John Goodwyn,
Esq.
George Chapman, pr. 31 Oct. 1561, by John Goodwyn,
Esq. on the death of the last incumbent, not named.
James Thornton pr, 1569. He resigned ; and
John Pure foy, A.M. pr. 6 June, 1582, by Sir John
Goodwyn, Knt. He was also presented to the first Portion
in the same year; admitted a Canon of Christ-Church,
Oxon. in Aug.- or Sept,-^ 1588, in the second stall; made
Vicar of Flore, co. Northampton, and compounded for
the first-fruits, 5 July, 1594, ;* being presented by the
Dean and Canons, to whom the Advowson had been
given at the Dissolution of Merton- Abbey, and by whom
he was also presented to the Vicarage of Wath, in York-
shire ; and dying 10 May, 1601, was buried at Christ-
Church, Oxon, but without any memorial.
Tliomas Burgess, presented 7 Aug. 1601, was de-
prived in 1604.
George Carleton, B. D. pr. 10 July, 1605, by Sir
Francis Goodwyn, Knt. He appears to have held this
Portion until he was elevated to the See of LandaiF, 23
Dec. 1617, being then S.T.P. confirmed 11 July, 1618;
consecrated at Lambeth; * and translated to the Bishop-
rick of Chichester, 8 Sept. 1619 ; confirmed 20th ; and
dying in May, 1628, was buried in his own Cathedral.^
Ant. a Wood, alluding to this Prelate in his account of
one of the succeeding Bishops of Chichester, Dr. Guy
Carleton, observes that " he had not the name there
for a Scholar or hberal Benefactor as his predecessor
and kinsman, Dr. George Carleton, had."'
Michael Read, S.T.P. succeeded Carleton, circ 1618;
and resigned in 1638, when
Henry Stringer, B.D. was presented 17 Oct. 1638,
by Arthur Goodwyn, Esq. He was of New-College,
Oxon. Professor of Greek (1625) and cr. D.D. 1 Nov.
1642." He probably quitted this Uving upon being pre-
sented to the Rectory of Hardwick, in 1641; but Willis
says "he was turned out of this, as seems to me, and
one Richard Sagar put in his place, 1648," which is
incompatible with the account given of the Rectors of
Hardwick, unless he held both, and likewise the Office
of Warden of New-College, to which he was appointed
in 1647, but was displaced very soon afterwards; as he
iLeNeve.p. 315.
5 Le Neve, p. 522.
e Wood's Fasti, vol. ii. p. 29.
VOL. I.
2 Willis. 3 Le Neve. * Bridges's Northamptonsh. vol. i. p. 509.
6 Ibid. p. 59 ; Reg. Abbot, A. C. 2. A. 0. vol. i. p. 441. ^ Athense, vol. ii. p. ivo.
3t
506 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
was, likewise, about the same time from whatsoever presentation of his Grace the Duke of Marlborough,
other preferments he held, and retiring to London, He was of New-Inn-Hall, Oxon. A. M. 9 July, 1720,
died in Feb. 1657, and was buried in the Black-Friars and died in 1744.
Church. > Jonathan Butler, inducted 28 Sept. 1744, on the pre-
Richard Satjar, 1648," occurs in 1650; and is said to sentation of his Grace Charles Duke of Marlborough,
have been succeeded by He was of Queen's-CoUege, Camb. LL.B. 1745; and
John Ellis, before 1660; who, in the next year, ob- held this Portion until his death, in 1800.
tained the first and second Portions, which he held to- Charles Proby, Jun. A. M. presented by his Grace
gether with this, until his death in 1681, and was buried George Duke of Marlborough, and inducted llJan.
here,^ with some account of his family inscribed on his 1800. He was the second son of Baptist Proby, D.D.
monument* (Dean of Lichfield, Rector of Doddington in the Isle of
5a»ra<?Z HarmoH, A. M. pr. 4 April, 1681. He was Ely, and of Thornhaugh, co. Beds, with Wansford, co.
of Wadham-CoU. Oxon. A. M. 28 Apl. 1668; had been Northampton,) by Mary his wife, daughter of John
Rector of Oving from 1672 until^ instituted to this Russel, Prebendary of Peterborough and Lincoln, Rector
Portion. of Fiskerton, in Lincolnshire, and Stoke by Guildford, co.
In 1693, Joseph TVilHs, A.B. was licensed to be Curate Surry. He was of St. John's-Coll. Camb. A. B. 1792;
of Waddesdon; but Harrison was certainly living in 1 704. A.^NI. 1795; Vicar of Tachbrook, co. Warwick, and Canon
Francis Bagshaw, B. D. inst. 18 Jan. 1730, on the of Windsor; and having resigned this Portion, was
presentation of his Grace the Duke of Marlborough, succeeded by
He was of Ch.-Ch. Oxon. A. M. 4 July, 1704; B. D. 8 James Lmunj, A. B. who was inducted Feb. 1823, on
May, 1711; and died in 1734; being succeeded by the presentation of his Grace George Duke of Marl-
Georffe Salter, A.M. inducted 22 Mar. 1734, on the borough.
THE CHURCH
stands in a spacious church-yard on a rising ground on the northern side of the village, and is conspi-
cuous from great part of tlie vale of Aylesbury. It consists of a nave, with two aisles, a chancel at
the east end, and a square tower at the west end, with very large and greatly projecting buttresses ;
and a soutli porch, which, as well as the rest of the building, is embattled. The length of the chancel is
about forty feet, and width twenty. In the tower are five bells, and the roof is surmounted with a
small modern cupola, in which is a little bell. The windows are mullioned, have cornices and
mouldings, excepting at the east end, and on the north side of the chancel, which are evidently more
ancient, and lancet shaped.
At the west end is a deeply recessed pointed arch, the entrance into the belfrey : on the south side
of the tower, a sun-dial and clock.
Between the nave and aisles are twelve pointed arches, six on the north side, supported by as many
octagon pillars, with clerestory mullioned windows above ; and six on the south side, supported by
circular columns, with the like number of clerestory windows. The arches on the south side are not so
hif/h as those on the opposite side, and appear to have been, at least in part, rebuilt, and the two
central ones have their arch decorated with bilets. The roof is not ceiled, but, projecting from the
walls are many corbelled heads.
The font, which is large and ancient, with compartments sculptured with quatrefoils, &c. rests on a
pillar in the second arch on the north side. Between the nave and the tower is a pointed arch closed
with wainscot, and in tlie upper part of a correspondent arch, between the nave and the chancel
> Wood's Fasti, vol. 2, p. 29 ; and AyliflF's Oxford, vol. i. p. 493. 2 Willis.
'Buried 8 Nov. 1681 ; as also Mrs. Sarah Newton his daughter, and wife of Mr. Samuel Newton, of Cambridge,
18 November, 1681. [Parish liegister.]
* Page 508. 5 Oving, p. 380 ; also p. 438, n.
WADDESDON. 507
(likewise closed with a wainscot partition) is a door opening into a gallery, recently removed from
the west end of the church.
On one of the old seats in the north aisle, were (1824) the date 1623, and the initials H. W. for
Henry Wilkinson, Rector ; and T. T. and W. B. Churchwardens.
In the south aisle, near the east end, is a piscina with a shelf within its arch; in the south-east pier
of the nave, another; and on the north side of the east window of the south aisle, a bracket for
a light.
The pulpit is affixed to the eastern pillar on the north side of the nave, having a sounding-board,
on the border of which are inscribed the names of churchwardens.
The chancel is remarkably plain and unornamented : the communion table old, with a carving of
fruits and foliage on the frame ; the rails mean, the floor uneven and damp, and many ancient
figured tiles remain in the pavement.
At the east end of the south aisle, on a basis of masonry three feet high, close to the wall under
the window, lies the statue of a man in plate armour, the head towards the north ; at his feet a lion
couchant gardant, apparently cut out of a single block of fine hard free-stone, about eight feet long
and two feet two inches wide. The statue, from the apex of the helmet to the toes, seven feet three
inches long. The cap, or cerveiture, has a shield-shaped aperture from the brows to the chin,
bordered with a string of cylindrical beads, which, crossing the forehead, descends on each side to the
mouth, and is then reflected back towards the neck ; the hood and gorget covering the chin and neck
to the breast. To the upper lip are attached curled mustachios, disposed laterally more than two
inches and a half in length ; the nose abraded, but the features strongly marked : over each shoulder
is a series of over-lapping plates to the upper part of the arm : vambraces, gauntlets, cuissarts,
genouilles, jambs, and pointed sollerets, perfect. The cuii'ass terminates in a plaited skirt descending
to the knees. The right arm bent at right angles crosses the breast; the hand resting on the
globular pommel of a large sword, having a cross guard ; the scabbard of the sword grasped by the
left hand, and slung in the loop of a belt encircling the loins (the end fastened before, and falling to
the bottom of the skirt) passes transversely over the left thigh, and reaches to the lion at the
feet, his tail being bent at a right angle, parallel with the leg of the knight, and extending up to
the hip.
To the left arm is affixed, by two loops (one near the shoulder and another at the elbow) a large
plain pointed shield, descending from above the shoulder to the thigh ; the upper half broken off
longitudinally. On the right side, dependent from the belt, is a dagger about two feet in length; the
hilt broken but the guard remaining, and an angular scabbard descending close to the right thigh.
Two narrow straps round the ancles fastened on the instep with small thongs (the ends loose) seem to
belong to spurs, which, from the position of the statue, are not seen. The right foot rests on the
dexter shoulder of the lion, the left against his haunch, the border of which, his mane and visage and
gambs, are boldly sculptured.
The head of the statue reposes on two cushions, the lower one square, and the superior round,
with three knobs like the upper part of tassels attached to it. It is not impertinent, at least to the
general reader, to add, that the eflTect of viewing these ancient statues, designed to be placed on the
ground, is rendered much more impressive by looking doivn upon them, and that the present position
of this effigy is very ill contrived.
On the sloping verge of the slab which supports the statue, is dighthj cut, in Arabic numerals, 1330;
and a little below, an inscription still more faintly scratched, which, having been lately brought into
view, have occasioned many erroneous conjectures respecting the person whose memory it is designed
to perpetuate.
508 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
This effigy liacl been immeraorially hidden beneath a very old pew, resting on beams of oak, which
in 1815, at their removal, were found much decayed. The head was then towards the south, so that
the inscription was parallel with the east wall, but at some distance from it, and might have been cut
whilst in that position ; but seems not coeval with the statue itself, neither, probably, connected with
the person for whom that statue was designed, nor the work of the statuary.
Tradition amongst the villagers had assigned the appellation of " the shepherd and his dog" to the
effigies of the " armed knight and the lion at his feet ;" and it has been traced that they were so
called during at least an hundred and fifty years.
The statue had most probably been laid originally on the pavement, near, or perhaps before, an
altar at the east end of the aisle, or under one of the arches of the nave ; and when altars and shrines,
as relics of popery, were taken away, might have been placed cross-wise near the end of the aisle, and
a pew or seat afterwards built upon or behind it. There was such a pew (probably set up when the arches
on that side of the nave, as before mentioned,^ were rebuilt or repaired) and the steps of ascent to it
were partly formed by the couchant lion; and whilst enclosed by the pew, the persons sitting in it had
the effigy just before them, so that with a common knife any person might have cut this slight and
imperfect inscription on the verge of the slab ; and on the subsequent removal of the pew and retro-
version of the statue, the writing became exposed.
If the date be correctly understood as 1330, and if not too recent to accord with the costume of the
figure, the helmet and armour, it may yet have been cut many years after the original, and added
upon the authority of some legend or traditionary account no longer to be traced, being entirely at
variance with the custom observed in monuments of a similar kind. It might have been passed over
in this account as the casual employment or amusement of some mason engaged in repairing the
church, if the vanity or affectation of a reverend sraatterer in Anglo-Norman antiquities had not
dragged this precious morsel for criticism from the obscurity in which it had long remained unnoticed,
by the illusion of a pretended translation of writing which no eye can read but his own : and whether
the statue were intended for one of the family of Courtenay, which is probable, or for one of the house
of De Arcubus, or for an ancestor of Roger Dynham, who, in 1490, directed his remains to be re-
posited near the spot occupied by this monument, until the completion of his Chauntry Chapel at
Eythorpe," must be left to the opinion or judgement of persons competejit to determine.
On a small mural monument on the north side decim Liberis Sex FiUos et tres FiHas omnes liberaliter
of the chancel, within the altar rails : ^^"^^^°^ superstites reliquit.
jSalutisl681 1700
Amis: Or. a cross sable; impaling Obiit 3". Nov"'. An". ' Ilia 29" Aph
) ^tatis 75 77.
Hie integer situs est Rev. Dom. Johannes Ellis On another, on the south side of the Com-
Eboracensis cum uxore Susanna e familia Welbore in munion-table, at the east end of the chancel :
Agi-o Cantabrigiensi Fsemina lectissima unaque duobus j^p^^ ^i^jg pi^cg are deposited the remains of the Rev",
liberis et totidem Nepotibus huic Ecclesia; plus annis j^hn Terry, '2-3 years resident Minister of this Parish :
viginti solus prsefuit Eamq. ornavit Sacrorum Oracu- ^^^^^ having faithfully discharged the duties of his sacred
brum Praedicator assiduus et vehemens Linguarum in function : In private life exemplary as a Father and
quibus traduntur admodum peritus. Tam in omni Bo- Husband. He died on the 9"' of December, 1809, in
narum Literarum geuerc quam in sacra Theologia ^he 47"' year of his age, beloved and lamented.
Versatissimus. Here also rest seven of their children, who died
Fide Pietate et vita^ Intcgritate insignis. Ex un- infants.
I Page 506. « Page 482.
WADDESDON.
509
In the floor are the initials of his name, " I.T."'
on a small stone.
On a mural monument on the south side :
Arms a fess vaire : in Chief a Wolf passant ...
impaling two Bars in Chief
Henricus Wilkinson Ecclesise Hujus per annos 46
Pastor fidelissimus. Natus fuit 9° Octobris A". Dn',
1566. Obiit 19 Martii 1647.
Uxorem duxit Saram filiam unicam A'^thuri Wake de
Silva Saucy Comit. Northampt. ex qua Liberos suseepit
novem sex filios filiasq ; tres cum hac sancta vixit Con-
cordia Ann. 53. Ad latus exuvias suas posuit p'dicta
Sarah postquam vita ad annos 70 produxisset. Rehquit
nobis Exemplum Vitae integer ! sanctiss. Famaeq ; quod
rarius est illibitae
Hoc fieri fecit.
Johannes Wilkinson ejusdem Filius qui obiit De-
cemb'. 18°. A. D. 1664, aetat. suse 61 et juxta sepultus
jacet.
On another: Arms in a Lozenge, very obscure.
Christian, Daughter of S". William Wilson, Kn*. of
Wolston, in Warwickshire. She was married to M".
Arthur Wake, a famous Minister of the Gospell, sonne
of John Wake, Esq', of Saucy Forest, in Northampton-
shire, by whom she had three children, Abraham, Isaac,
and Sara. She dyed in the Lord, June 16*. 1609, &
here expecteth the Resurrection of the Blessed.
As vertuous Paula bredd of Scipio's Race,
Left Earth's advantage for the better grace
So Christian sprung of such lay'd all aside
To find through earthly wayes y' heavenly guide
Th" Example left, y'^ Choice w'^'* shee did make
Like silver bells bids y'' good Christian wake.
Posuit Isaac Wake.
The name appears to be a fac-simile of this
ingenious person's own autograph.
On a small mural tablet of marble, on the
north side, these arms :
Ermine : On a Bend .... three Pheons.
GUY CARLETON, t'' SECOND SON OF THOJIAS CARLETON
OF CARLETON IN CUMBERLAND WAS BORN IN THE
YEAR OF CHRIST 1514, & DYING THE 1" OF JUNE 1608
SALUTETH THE READER :
WHILEST I WAS YONG IN WARRES I SHEDD MY BLOOD
BOTH FOR MY KING & FOR MY COUNTRY'S GOOD;
IN ELDER YEARS MY CARE WAS CHIEF TO BE
SOLDIER TO HIM WHO SHEDD HIS BLOOD FOR ME.
NOW RESTINGE HERE IN HOPE A WHYLE 1 LYE
FARWELL, GOOD READER, NEVER FEAR TO DIE.^
Infixed in a slab, partly within the rails, are
effigies of a man in armour, girt with a sword,
and a female in a close dress, fastened with many
loops ; below the man, figures of three male
children, and below the female (the heads only
remaining) of four girls. Part of the effigies are
covered by the rails. At the dexter corners have
been formerly two escutcheons : two other coats '
remain at the sinister corners. Above Pi(/ot im-
paling a fess, embattled between three gates, for
Yate : and below, quarterly 1 Pigot, 2 Yate,
3 Missenden, 4 In-ardhy.
On a brass plate below the effigies.
Here lyethe Robart Pygott of Colwyke w'in the
p'isbe of Waddessdon in the County of Buckyngham
Esquier and Marye his wyfFe one of ... Dowghters of
John Yate of Lyford, stapler of Calls
On a fillet round the verge :
I knowe that my Redemer Lyvythe and that I shall
Ryse shall be clothyd againe with this Skyne
and se God in fleshe shall be holde hym not wythe
other but wythe thes . . . Jobe xix.
On a large slab near the rails :
He that hath pity on the poor lendeth to the Lord.
In Memory of Mr. WiUiam Turner, Gent. Benefactor
to this parish, the grateful inhabitants have inscribed
this stone. By his last Will and Testament he be-
queathed £3"265 3 per cent, consols ; the interest whereof
to be distributed half yearly to the Poor of Waddesdon
for ever.
He departed this life in the year of our Lord 1784,
aged 81 years.^
1 John Terry v/a.s a native of Aylesbury, the son of an opulent farmer, who was Chief-Constable and returning officer for
that borough during many years. He was educated at Aylesbury Free Grammar School, and afterwards had an Ensign's
commission in the Bucks Militia, which he quitted in 178.5 ; took Deacon's orders on a title to the Curacy of Pitchcott,
and in the same year preached the Assize Sermons at Aylesbury and Buckingham ; soon afterwards married a daughter
of Mr. Bradford, of Buckingham, and was appointed Curate of Waddesdon and Nether-Winchendon ; had a numerous
family, and was for some years before his death in the Commission of the Peace for the county of Bucks.
2 He was probably father of Geo. Carleton, one of the Portionists here, and afterwards successively Bishop of Landaft'
and Chichester. See page 505. 3Page512.
510
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
On a brass affixed to a slab in the floor of the
chancel towards the west end, is the effigy of a
person in a shroud, tied above the head and below
the feet, having
beneath, on another large brass, this inscription : —
Som tyme I was persone here
Of this churche of Wadsdon
Above the space of iforty yere
Elect unto the fSrst Porcyon
A thowsand ffyve hundreth forty and ayght '
The xxviij day of Nouember
Ned', must I goo God graunt me y*" waye strayght
Com was my tyme I myght tary no longer
Hugh Brystowe was my name
I was so called of many a one
By creweli dethe my body was slayne
And brought to my graue under this stane
Besechynig Criste to have mercy
On my poor sowie and all Cristen
Desyeryng you of youre Charyte
To say our lordes prayer, Amen.
On a slab in the floor of the nave :
In memory of John Allen who departed this life June
the 4"' 1 773 aged .50.
On a brass plate affixed to a slab lying north
and south, between the north aisle and the read-
ing desk :
Also Martha wife of John Allen who departed this
life March the 5"" 1774 aged 62 years.
Arms quarterly 1 and 4 In a dexter canton
a lion's head erased: 2 and 3 a fess charged with a
trefoil shpped : between three Bull's heads coupe at the
neck.
On a brass plate below :
Marie late wife of Cuthbert Raynolds of Warmestone
Gent, before the wife of Willm Povey Citizen and
Grocer of London, by whom she had two sones John and
Wdlm lieth here bvried who was a vertuous Gentle-
woman faithfvU and loving to her friends cheref\ 11 and
comfortable to the sicke and deseased pitifvll and charit-
able to the poore and needy. She dyed the ix day of
August 1602.
On plain slabs in the floor of the nave, near the
west end : —
In memory of Richard Green, who departed this life,
Oct. the 30'", 1767, aged 39 years.
In memory of John Green who departed this life
Oct. 13, 1790, aged 52 years. Also of James and Jona-
than and William, sons of John and Elizabeth Green.
James died May 10, 1786, in the 10"' year of his age :
Jonathan died May 26, 1781, in the 2'* year of his age:
WilUam died March 20"', 1781, aged 6 weeks.
In memory of Elizabeth, wife of John Green, who died
Jan. 1, 1798, aged 53 years.
In memory of John Green, junior, who died Nov. 23,
1794, aged 23 years. "Here the wicked cease from
troubling, and here the weary be at rest."
In memory of Jonathan Green, who died Feb. 27,
1804, aged 20 years : also Elizabeth, wife of John Moul-
der, and daughter of John and Elizabeth Green, who died
28 March, 1808, aged 33 years : also William, son of
John and Elizabeth Moulder, died Sept 1807,
aged 7 weeks.
In memory of Richard Green, who died 21 Feb".
1810, aged 43 years.
" Stop Reader, did you know the man,
Point out a better if you can.
But let his hfe a pattern be —
A friend to all : no foes had he.
Lo ! here he lies in peace to rest
Till call'd above to join the blest."
The family of Green were occupiers of a large
farm called Windmill-Hill, in this parish, as
tenants of his Grace the Duke of Marlborough.
pp. 494, 496.
WADDESDON. 511
THE REGISTERS
commence with a very large volume which has received some injury, and is said to have been mutilated
in the civil war, in an ineffectual attempt to take forcible possession of the book. An account is pre-
served which proves, at least, that some of the Parliamentary Army in 1643, after having been new
clothed at Bierton, (about nine miles distant) marched to Waddesdon : and Sir Phillip Stapleton was
then quartered at Wootton-Underwood, and these parts of the country were in great commotion.'
In 1549, eighteen baptisms, two marriages, and seven burials, are entered in the Register ; and it
is noted, that about 1608, many were buried who were unbaptized.
In 1618, John Richardson signs Curate ; as does Samuel Hocome in 1619.
In 1645, the Register of Burials is discontinued, the bottom of a leaf having been cut out, and the
preceding portion discoloured and stained, apparently with blood, as above hinted at. The next entry
is dated 1653, and then follow some texts of Scripture, and "John Butler, Clerk of Waddesdon,
Dec. 26, 1705 :" after which, another leaf is cut out, and the next succeeding page begins with
" A Catalogue of children bo7iie in Waddesdon Parish since sexto Caroli secundi Regis Angliae, &c."
By various entries it appears that James Gibson was Curate of Wotton, 16 April, 1733; Benjamin
Bonner, Curate of Quainton, and George Salter, Curate of Waddesdon, about the same time.
Some few instances occur of longevity amongst the inhabitants of this parish, mentioned in the
Register.
Adria Thornton, almost 100 years of age; buried 2d March, 1679.
Joane Mountague, widow, aged 96 ; buried 16th Dec. 1686.
Ahce Dewberry, of Westcote, aged 92; buried 14th Sept. 1687.
ALMSHOUSES.
On the south side of the turnpike road, or principal street of the village, is an Alms-house, origi-
nally erected in 1642, by Arthur Goodwyn, Esq. of Winchendon, for the reception of six poor widows
of the township of Waddesdon, who are there accommodated in separate dwellings, and have an allow-
ance assigned to each of them of 51. per ann. paid half yearly out of the estates of his Grace the
Duke of Marlborough, in this parish.
It is reported that each widow had, formerly, in addition to the money payments, a load of wood
from Ham, but the latter has been discontinued during many years.
PAROCHIAL CHARITIES.
Besides the Alms-houses, the following benefactions have been bestowed upon the poor of Wad-
desdon, who are now, and are said to have always been, very numerous : —
Mr. Ross settled (in what manner and the of Waddesdon, and the third to the Hamlet
time unknown) for bread to be distributed of Westcote,) the interest of 20Z. payable out
at the church every Sunday to six persons, of an estate at Studley, formerly Mr. Croke's, £. s. d.
(two Sundays to inhabitants of the Liberties and producing annually 0 18 0
1 Duncan's Hundred of Ploughly, &c. co. Oxon.
512 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
William Egghton, a benefaction of the desdon, two in the Hamlet of Westcote, and
interest of £10, similarly secured, and pay- twelve at Winslow.^
able from the same source 0 9 0 John Parhins gave for bread to be dis-
Mrs. Bdhell another similar benefaction tributed to the poor of Westcote, a rent
of interest of 10/. 0 9 0 charge out of lands in Prince's Risborough,
William Rice also gave the interest of 20/. late in the possession of Mr. Jackson, apothe-
similarly secured 0 18 0 cary ; producing /»er ahw 0 9 0
Mattheiv Nash, a shepherd, gave to the JVilliam Turner, by Will, dated 4 April, 1784, to
poor (as he also did to the poor of Quain- which WiUiam Draper and Hester Draper, alias Turner,
ton)' a rent charge out of lands, to be dis- were executors, and Jasper Robbins, senr. Richard
tributed by the Churchwardens and Overseers Green, Jasper Robbins, junr. and Michael Parrott,
of the poor, in bread, on Good- Friday, at the Trustees, bequeathed 3"265/. lis. 6d. Stock in the 3
Church annually for ever ; and the like sum per cent, consols, directing the interest and proceeds to be
for the inhabitants of Westcote, in sixpenny- distributed half-yearly amongst the most necessitous poor,
loaves of bread, (and one to "the Overseer of inhabitants of this parish, by the Minister, Church-
Westcote, for his trouble") producing 0 13 0 wardens, and Overseers of the Poor for the time being,
Mr. Beck charged certain lands in Warm- at their discretion : and this charity was, by Act of Par-
stone, late in the occupation of William liament,* exempted from Income Tax, the annual amount,
Hitchcock, with the annual payment (to ap- (48Z. 19s. Sd.) regularly distributed.'^
prentice poor boys of this parish) of I 10 0 It is traditionally reported, that this benefactor had
Lewis Fctto, in 1724, left by Will 140/. been a poor vagrant, who in his childhood, wandering
which sum was laid out in the purchase of through this village with his mother, was the unfortu-
land, (latein the occupation of William Ford) nate cause of communicating the Small- Pox to some of
the proceeds to be given for teaching and ap- the inhabitants ; and subsequently, when by his industry
prenticing poor boys, amounting annually and success in trade as a cheese and butter factor in
to 9 4 6 London he had acquired a competency, generously made
Philip Lord Wharton- directed that ... this retnrn by his bounty, for the distress to which he
Bibles should be annually distributed to had been accidentally instrumental. This is given,
poor persons, in certain places in which he however, upon popular report only, but generally accre-
had estates, of \\ hich ten are given at Wad- dited in the neighbourhood.
BAPTIST MEETING-HOUSE.
On a hill about one mile and a half distant south-east from Waddesdon, in a lane by the side of the
road to Upper-Winchendon, is a small Meeting-house, erected at the expense of Mr, Francis Cox,
yeoman, late of Cranvvell, who purchased the site, with sufficient ground adjacent, for a cemetry for
Baptists.
The building is thirty-two feet long, by twenty-one feet wide ; and a small room contiguous and
communicating with it at the west end, eighteen feet by fourteen.
1 See QuAiNTON, pp. 437, 8. " See Over-Winchendon, and Pedigree of Wharton.
■■' These Bibles, which are distributed by certain Trustees, have inscribed or impressed on the covers, "The gift of Philip,
late Lord Wharton," and the date of the year in which his Lordship died. Also a printed paper, stating that Lord
Wharton having directed the name and age of the children to whom the Bibles are given to be wrote in the book, the
Trustees require it to be done, and the cliild before it shall receive, or be entitled to receive tlie book, shall be taught to
read, and be able to say by heart the Catecliism and some of the Prayers therewith sent, according to the estabUshment of
the Church of England, as also the 1st, 15th, 25th, 57th, 101st, 113th, and 114th Psalms.
* Stat. 46 Geo. III. See also page 509.
5 Parochial Returns : in which also is the following : " The benefit of two bows (qu ?) is distributed yearly amongst 22
people of Waddesdon, by the Duke of Marlborougli, the condition of which gift is unknown."
I
WADDESDON. 51S
The exterior is of brick, the interior neatly pewed. The pulpit on the north side, opposite to the
entrance.
On a tablet affixed to the wall, within a small porch or approach to the place of worship, is in-
scribed : —
Here lieth the body of
Francis Cox,
who departed this life March •24th, 1803, aged 68.
Set your affection on things above,
And not on things on the earth.
Also of
Esther Cox, grandaughter
of the said Francis Cox,
who departed this life, Aug'*'. 4'\ 1803,
aged 15 years.
Remember now thy Creator in the
days of thy youth.
Mr. Williams, the minister officiating in this conventicle, was also buried in it in August 1828,
having been Pastor of the congregation more than twenty years.
Here also a sermon was preached, 23 May, 1821, at the Buckingham Association of Baptist
Churches, and published at their request by B. Godwin, of Great-Missenden : but no particulars of
the proceedings or effects of this Association have been ascertained.
Many persons of this persuasion were formerly inhabitants of North-Marston, and some revival has
been more recently attempted in other villages in this vicinity, chiefly as is asserted, through the zeal
for proselytism, which has been abundantly manifested in and about Newport-Pagnell ; ' whither,
having been transplanted from the neighbouring county of Northampton, this scion of Protestantism
seems to have found a soil very congenial to its rapid growth and increase.
It would be highly gratifying to the best feelings of the sincere Christian, if those, whose province
it is to record, for the information of future ages, the progress of religious opinions, as well as the
advancement of science and the arts, in humanising the world, were able with truth to affirm, that
more benevolence of disposition, more actual and active goodness of heart and principle, more rational
and extensive charity, liberality, sincerity, urbanity, and kindness ; and more moral honesty, were the
result of such strenuous endeavours to disseminate religious notions or doctrines (as they are termed),
and to implant them in the willing or unwilling ears of the people, whether prepared by previous
education, or wholly unprepared to receive them, with advantage.
' See Newport.
3 u
514 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
NETHER-WINCHENDON.
The name of Winchendon, evidently derived from the Anglo-Saxon, wychen, springs, and Don, an
eminence, has the prefix Nether, undoubtedly as an appropriate distinction from the appellation of
Over, or Upper-Winchendon, given to the adjoining parish, in which the springs issue from consider-
ably higher ground ; these arising from the lower strata on the south side of the same hill.
Nether-Winchendon is bounded on the north by Ashendon and Over-Winchendon, on the east
by Eythorpe in Waddesdon, on the south by Cuddington and Haddenham, and on the west by
Chearsley and Ashendon.
MAN GUI AL HISTORY.
This Manor, before the Conquest, was held under Queen Edith, by Edded, but at the time of the
Norman Survey, Walter GifFard, having acquired the seigniory, it was held by him and rated at ten
hides in liis demesne. There was land sufficient for eleven ploughs. In the demesnes were three
hides and three plough teams ; and twenty-three villeins with eight bordars, who had eight ploughs ;
one servant, seven carucates of pasture, and one mill, yielding twenty shillings rent, and four-score
eels, annually. The whole value was constantly 12/. per ann^
This Manor, with other estates of Walter Giffard, descended to his son Walter, second Earl of
Buckingham, and about 116*2, was made part of the endowment of the Abbey of Notley, by that Earl
and Ermengard his Countess." This benefaction is specified in a Confirmation Charter of Henry H.,
as " totam tillam de Wynchendone."^ Lysons states, that " a moiety of the Manor was given to Notley,
by the founder Walter GifFard ; and another moiety, which had been the property of Robert de Humet,
constable to King Henry H. and had passed in marriage with his daughter and heir to Baldwin de
Wake, was in 1236, given to the same Abbey."*
King Henry H. confirmed to Richard, son of Robert de Humet, the oflfice of constable of Nor-
mandy, and the grant which had been made to his father, of divers lands, including Winchendon.
John de Humet taking up arms against King John, probably forfeited this Manor, which that king,
in the commencement of his reign, bestowed upon the Priory of St. Frideswide, in Oxford.^
Willis says, that at the Conquest, both Upper and Lower Winchendon were either united, or the
former included in Waddesdon Parish, and the other in Crendon ; but this is evidently a mistake."
After the death of Walter, second Earl of Buckingham, and before the partition made of his lands,
between the Earls of Clare and Pembroke, Henry H. gave a moiety of Nether-Winchendon, which by
tlie death of the Earl of Buckingham, had come to the crown, to Richard de Humet, his Constable,
with other lands likewise of GifFard's fee, in Bucks and Norfolk. This grant could not have been
made as, by reference to Dugdale, might at first view seem to be inferred, so earlyas the 2d of Henry H.,^
for Walter GifFard was then alive ; but might probably have been about twenty years afterwards."
1 Terra Walter! Gifard. In Essedon Hd. 00. Ipse Wakeri' ten' Wichendon. p. x. hid se deft. Tra' e xi. car. In
dnio. HI. hidae et ibi sunt. hi. car. et xxiii. uilli cu. viii. bord hnt. viii. car. Ibi un' seruus. et p'tu. vii. car', et 1. molifi
de x\''. sol et q''' xx". anguill. in totis ualent' ual et ualuit scp. xii. lib. Hoc CIO. tenuit Edfleda ''Regina Eddeua. Lib.
Cens. vol. i. p. 147. = Monast. Anglic, vol. vi. j). '278. ^ Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. O.xon.
« Lysons's Magn. Brit. vol. i. p. 665. = Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon.
'"' See OvER-WiNCiiENDON. ■ Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 631. ^ Lib. Rub. Scac. 22 Hen. II.
NETHER-WINCHENDON. 515
Richard de Humet was a benefactor to many religious foundations, and a zealous supporter of
King Henry. By Maud, daughter and co-heir of Richard de la Hay, (by Maud daughter of William
de Verdun,) he left a son called William de Humet, who was confirmed by the King in his father's
office, as Constable of Normandy, in fee. The King also gave him lands both in Normandy and
England, and renewed the grant made by his father, of this manor ; but on the revolt of the Barons,
the possessions of William de Humet were, amongst the rest of their lands, seized by the Crown ; not
for having actually assisted the rebels, but being Justiciary of England, he had advised the King to go
into Normandy, and thus unfortunately occasioned his falling into the hands of the insurgents, and
thereby Humet incurred such high displeasure, that his lands were seized, and himself ordered to
quit the realm.
But this estate had been previously granted in frank marriage to Agnes, daughter of William
de Humet, by Agnes his wife, who was the daughter and heir of Jordan de Say,' who, about
1202, carried this lordship, with other lands, in marriage to Baldwin Wake ; however, the Abbat
and Convent of Notley, in consequence of former grants, claimed some right over these lands ;
and in the 8th of John, the King interposed his authority respecting the dispute between Agnes and
those Monks;- and she afterwards obtained a mandate accordingly,-^ and likewise paid a fine of sixty
marks for the King's license to hold this estate in capite, and to be released from the claims of the
Abbat and Convent.*
The Convent of Notley, in the same reign, had also a dispute with Euticia, or Eusticia de Cher-
desley, who being a widow, claimed a virgate of land with its appurtenances in Winchendon, part of
her dower, to which the Abbat pleaded that he was not bound to answer her, because she had taken
another husband ; whereupon her attorney objected to that plea, on account of her second marriage
not having been contracted until long after the commencement of those proceedings. It was, however,
determined that she must appear, with her husband, in Easter term following, at Westminster, &c.''
and, in the ensuing year, Walter de Cherdesley and Eusticia his wife, passed a fine with Edward
Abbat of Notley, of lands in Winchendon, the right of the said Abbat and his successors.'' Notwith-
standing the contention about her lands, Agnes de Wake, with the consent of Baldwin her son and
heir, gave to the Canons of Notley, for the health of the soul of the late Baldwin Wake, her husband,
and the soul of her said son, a certain messuage in Winchendon."
The Abbat of Notley had given 100/. and two palfreys for a mediety of Winchendon, formerly
belonging to Robert de Briewer;" and, the dispute with Agnes de Wake respecting the possession
^ Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 631.
- J. Dei Gratia, &c. Mandamus vobis quod ponatis in respectu loquelam que est inter Agnetem Wack et Abbem et
Canon de Nuttele de med. ville de Winchenden quamdiu Baldwin Wack fuerit in s'vicio nro ultra mare &c. [Rot. 8 Joh.
Harl. MSS. 301.]
3 Concessimus q'*. Agnes Wac tenet de nobis in capite terram de Wichedon quam Willus de Humet pater suus dedit
ei in maritagiura per manus H. regis pris nri et q*. pacem habeat tota vita sua de plito q"*. est int. ipam et Abbatem de
Nutleia de ead. terr. [Rot. Pat. temp. Joh. Harl. MSS. n° 86.]
* Agnes de Wac. r. c. de Ix marc, ut teneat de R. in capite tram de Wichedon q"". Wiljo de Humet pater suus dedit ei in
maritagio p. manus H. R. et q''. pacem heat tota vita sua de plito q''. est inter ipam et Abbatem et Canon, de eadem
tra. [Rot. Pip. 9 Joh.]
5 Euticia q"*. fuit uxor Gervasii petit versus Abbatem de Nutl'e dotem suam scilt. unam virgatam tre' cii ptin in
Winchendon. Abbas dixit quod Eutic' habet virum et non vult respondere &c. Attornat' Euticie dicit quod placitum
non debet remanere quia ipa. diu post plitum motum maritavit se. Consideratum est q"*. quia mulieres quandor. cum
maritentur animum mutant, ipsa veniat cum viro suo apud Westmonast. a die Pasche <Src. [Placit. 4°. Johis 7 Dors.
Abbrev. p. 37.]
fi Rot. Fin. 5 Joh. ^ Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 539, citing Regist de Notley ; also Kenret's Antiq. vol. i. p. 498.
8 Abbas de Nutleia r. c. de C'. et ii paleff. <^ henda medietate. de Wichedon q"*. fuitRobti de Briewer. [Rot. Pip. 7 Joh.]
516 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
of her lands, was revived after the death of King John: for in the beginning of the reign of Henry HI.
the Abbat complained against Agnes Wake, in respect to a mediety of this Manor, which William de
Humet her father held, and which he gave to her in marriage, by the hand of King Henry's father,
&c. The Abbat pleaded that King Henry had no more or other right in the said lands, than in those
of any other Baron of the realm ; because the Church held them of the gift of the Earl GifFard in
free alms, and not of the King. Agnes answered, that she performed no service to him, because she
held in frank marriage of the gift of her father, who held those and other lands of the King, by the
service of being his Constable in Normandy and in England, until the King should come of age, and
then to do his homage.'
In the Testa de Nevil, Winchendun inferior is said to be held in free alms of the Honour of
Marshal Earl of Pembroke."
In 1233 (18 Hen. HI.) Hugh Wake gave one moiety of this Manor to the Abbat and Convent of
Notley, which was confirmed by a fine between John then Abbat and the said Hugh.''
This Manor was in the possession of the Abbat and Convent of Notley in 1264 (49 Hen. HI.) one
moiety being held of the Honour of GifFard, of which the Abbey was said to have been enfeoffed by
Walter GiflPard ; and, the other moiety of the heirs of Hugh Wake, on payment of 16Z. per ann.
and the Abbat had view of frankpledge.*
Baldwin Wake, son of Baldwin and Agnes, married Isabel daughter of William Briwere, and had
issue a son, Hugh, whose wardship, on the death of his flither, before 1213 (15 Job,) was given to
\\'illiam Briwere.^ Of this Hugh, the Abbat and Convent of Notley held a mediety of Winchendon.
He married Joane daughter and heir of Nicholas de Stutville, and dying in 1241 (26 Hen. HI.)
left her a widow; and she was afterwards married to Hugh Bigod (second son of Hugh Earl of Nor-
folk, by Maud eldest daughter and co-heir of William Mareschal, Earl of Pembroke) whom also she
survived until the beginning of the reign of Edward I.
Baldwin Wake her son and heir was thirty-eight years old at his mother's death, and succeeded to
the inheritance of his ancestors ; but this estate seems to have been entirely vested in the Abbey ; and
protracted or renewed disputes seem to have attended the possession of it ; for the Abbat was again
called upon by Quo Warranto, to shfew his right to view of frankpledge without license of the King or
his predecessors, to whom the same was averred to heXongde jure Cor once : and the Abbat pleaded
immemorial possession, and said that the whole ville was of his fee, and that he had view of all his
tenants abiding there; that he had neither gallows nor pillory, but has a tumbrel f that he holds his
view annually ; that this ville is of the ancient Mareschalsy of England, and was given to his Abbey at
its foundation. Also, that King John (grandfather of the then King) granted, and by his charter con-
1 Agnetem de Wac p. medietate. 00 de Winchendon q"*. Willo de Humet pater suus tenuit et dedit ei in maritagium p.
manus H. R. ptris sui &c. Abbas dicit q'*. Henricus Rex non habet jus in ilia tra nisi sicut in terra alior. Baronuni
Reo-ni, quia Eccliahabuit ex dono Comitis Giffard in elemosina et non de Rege. Agnes dicit q^. nullum servic' ei facit quia
tenet in maritag' ex dono patris sui, qui illias et alias terras tenuit de Rege p. servic" q''. esset Constabularius suus in
Normannia et Anglia reraanere usq ; ad aetatem Regis et tunc facere vohmtatem suam. [Placit. 4 Hen. III. ro. i.
MSS. Cardigan.]
"• Test de Nevil, f. 169. See also pp. 25, 129. ^ Rot. Fin. 18 Hen. HI. See also p. 22.3.
■* Wynchedone Desous.— Abbas de Nothelee Dns ejusdem et tenet medietatem ejusdem ville lionore Giffard, et est
feofFalus de Walter GifFard, et aliam medietatem tenet de heredibus Hugonis Wake reddendo inde sexdecim libras p.
annu. de honore GifFard' et lit. visu francipl. [Rot. Hand. 39 Hen. HI. vol. i. p. 23.]
5 Dugd. Bar. torn. i. p. 539.
•' This instrument of feudal authority and punishment has been variously described, but on all hands is admitted to have
been of great efficacy. It may be added, upon high authority, that it had many advantages over the ordinary ducking or
Clicking stool, likewise frequently employed ; however, it is ingeniously asserted, that the tumbrel was the more honourable
instrument of the two ; not used for the more flagitious offenders, or those scolds who talked the loudest, but for ladies of
NETHER-WINCHENDON. 517
firmed, to the Church of St. Mary do Parco of Crendon, and to the Abbat and Canons there serving
God and St. Mary, whatsoever the Earl Walter GifFard and Ermengard, the Countess, his wife,
gave and confirmed to them, in pure and perpetual alms ; and farther, that he firmly believes that
they and their free tenants are quit and discharged from Shires and Hundreds, assize, amerciaments
and hidage (Danegelt), offering and tallage, contributions for aids, the building of castles and houses,
murrage, entrenchments, pontage, and all works of cartage and carriage ; ward-penny and aver-penny
(payment for weighing goods) hundred-penny and tything-penny ; and that they are exempt in fairs
and markets of toll, pontage, and passage, by land and water, and from all pleas and actions what-
soever, murder and theft proven excepted.
This Charter, under the hand of Hubert Archbishop of Canterbury, the King's Chancellor, dated
at Westminster, 19 Apl. 1 John.
And he says that this Charter, with long seisin, ought to be sufficient warrant for holding the said
Court.
And Gilbert de Thorneton, on the King's part, moving for judgement, objected that there had not
been shewn that either the King, or any of his progenitors, had' granted the aforesaid view, but only
that the Abbat held it by the feoffment of private persons ; that he had not shewn he had gallows, or
other judicial means of punishment of transgressors ; and prayed that the Charter itself might be
examined and determined by the King and his Council, whether it could be construed to extend to
such liberties belonging to the Crown as are not expressed therein, and whether the long seisin
alleged were sufficient to justify the Abbat, &c.^
After all this turmoil, it does not appear that the Abbat was deprived of his privilege. The
lawyers, no doubt, gained much more by the proceedings than either of the contending parties, and
justice gained nothing !
In 1291, at the Ecclesiastical Taxation of Pope Nicholas IV. the Abbat of Notley held here lands
and rents to the amount of 2L lis. 6d. flocks, &c. 21."
The Convent continued in possession of their estate ; and in 1391, Robert Pepir and others were
returned to have died seised of one messuage, one toft, twenty-two acres of land, and two of meadow,
held under the Abbat and Convent of Nutele.^
Before the dissolution of religious houses, in the Survey made by King Henry the Eighth's Com-
mission, the fees of Court here were particularly specified,* so that whatsoever interruption might have
been previously given to their exercise of that privilege, the Convent seems to have retained it until
the surrender of all their possessions. The return of the Commissioners of the value of the Abbatical
Lands here, amounted to 47/. 5,v. 7-^d. and the items are inserted in the History of Notley.^ The
Abbat and Convent, by deed dated 7 Sept. 1528 (19 Hen. VIII.) leased " their manor-place of
higher rank, and that a scolding Dame, entitled to such distinction in her punishment, was as proud of it, as a nobleman
y claiming the privilege of being hanged with a silken halter, instead of a common one made of hemp.
Truth also compels me to say, it is solely from delicacy towards my fair countryivomen of Bucks, that I forbear to vin-
dicate myself from the criticism passed by a very great man upon the first Portion of this Work (in common, however,
with ordinary complaints against Topographical History) that " it contains too much of dry detail and too little oi family
anecdote :" being possessed, of abundance of family anecdotes which, if I thought it becoming to introduce them, would
probably, be very amusing ; of Dames even of mighty name and proud descent, in early days, " in the little County of
Bucks," who, having beneficially participated in the ancient system of correction, became so much improved in their dis-
position and manners, as to have left a most excellent character, and a notable example to their descendants and suc-
cessors, which might, if duly impressed upon them, be worthily imitated even in these times of elegance and refinement,
when tumbrels and cucking-stools have ceased to be fashionable.
1 Rot. Pat. I Joh. = Taxat. P. Nic. p. 46.
3 Esc. 15 Ric. '2. n°. 31. Cal. vol. iii. p. 143. A Toft seems to mean ground on which had formerly been a house.
* See page 2'27. 5 page 219, &c.
518 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Nether-Winchendon to Sir John Douncie, Knt. one of the King's most honorable Council," for ninety-
nine years.
The earliest Court-Roll of this manor presumed to remain extant is dated 1537 (28 Hen. VHI.)
the Abbat of Notley being then Lord ; and in the Bodleian Library is an original acquitance in the
autograph of Richard Ridge, Abbat, dated 21 Oct. (26 Hen. VHL) to " John Longland, BaylifF and
Collector, for 1/. Is. 4cL half a year's rents of tenements in Nether-Winchendon, belonging to the
Abbat and Convent."'
On the surrender of the Abbey," in 1541, this estate, subject to the term of the before-mentioned
lease, became vested in the Crown, and so remained, until King Edw. VL by letters patent, 16 July,
1547 (1 Ed. VL) granted to John Lord Russel, of Cheyneys, the site of the " capital messuage of
Nether-Winchendon, with the warrvn and water-mill, messuages, lands and tenements, late part of the
possessions of Notley-Abbey, and in the occupation of Sir John Dauncey, Knt. at 24s. rent." ^
John Lord Russel, one of the King's Council and Lord High Steward at his Coronation, being a
zealous Protestant, was placed at the head of Commissioners for restraining disturbances which had
broken out in various parts of the kingdom, when images and many rich decorations of the churches,
being deemed remnants of Popish superstition, were ordered to be removed.*
It seems remarkably unfortunate, that besides the spoliation to which this pretext paved a legal
way, many of the instruments of authority by whom the desired purification of sacred edifices was to
be effected, were by no means free from all taint of suspicion, or even direct charge of embezzlement
of beautiful ornaments, which thus became the prey of the avaricious, under the cant of anti-popenj
zealots and harharia is.
In 1549, Lord Russel, who had very zealously distinguished himself in promoting the success of those
plans devised by Henry VHL which had been followed up with milder and more decent measures in
the Protectorate, was (3 Ed. VI.) created Earl of Bedford ;^ and besides other substantial marks of
Royal fiivour, in this County, by various grants, received m<er alia, this Manor, of which he died seised
14 March, 1554 ; and was succeeded herein by his son and heir, Francis, second Earl of Bedford, K.B.
Queen Mary, having succeeded to the Throne, granted the remainder in Nether-Winchendon
Manor and Estate, in 1558, to Thomas and John White, Roger Martin, and William Blackwell,
their heirs and assigns, at the reserved rent of 14/. 5s. 9d. per aim. but Queen Elizabeth coming to
the Crown, this, amongst other grants, rather hastily issued, appears to have been inoperative ; and
by deed (12 Nov. 1 Eliz.) Francis Earl of Bedford conveyed this estate, for a valuable consideration, to
William Goodwyn, Citizen of London ; and in 1559 (2 Eliz.) the Queen, in consideration of ser-
vices and for 374/. 13s. 2^(/. paid, granted by patent, to William Goodwin and Blase Goodwin, the
Lordship and Manor of Winchendon, late part of the Monastery of Notley, with the yearly rent of
assize of 21/. 15s. 9^d. and a messuage called the Church-house, with its appurtenances in Lower-
Winchendon ; and also two yearly rents of 8s. 4rf. and lis. id. and apiece of waste land here,
lately belonging to Notley-Abbey, altogether estimated at the clear annual value (the Advowson of
the Church excepted) of 16/. 15s. 9d. hahend. to them, their heirs and assigns for ever, tenend. by
the tv,entieth part of a Knight's fee," excepting out of the purchase 8/. Gs. Sd. for a yearly pension to
New-College, Oxon, issuant out of the said Manor."
John Goodwin, Esq. son of William, of Woohurn-Deincuiirt,' had issue by Catherine his wife,
1 Willis's MSS. ■ See Notley in Crendon, pp. 225 et seq.
' Rot. Pat. 1 E'J. VI.; Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon. and MSS. Lowndes,
♦ Hayward's Life of Ed. VL p. 55. ^ Pedigree of Russel, in Chenies.
fi Rot. Pdt. 2. Eliz. Test. 8 Apl. and Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon.
7 See WoonuRN and Over-Winchendon.
NETHER-WINCHENDON.
519
daughter and co-heir of Thomas Bledlow, a very numerous family ; Petronilla, one of his daughters
was married to Thomas Tyringham, Esq. of a very ancient family seated in Bucks, certainly as early
as the reign of King Edward I.' and carried lands in Winchendon to him as her portion in marriage."
Willis mentions this Petronilla, wife of Thomas Tyringham, as the daughter of Sir John Goodwin.
Langley introduces her name in the Goodwin pedigree (on the authority, as is presumed of Delafield's
MSS.) as sister of Sir John Goodwin, Knt. and daughter of John Goodwin, Esq. ; and she, likewise
so occurs in another part of Willis's account of this family.^
PEDIGREE OF GOODWYN, or GOODWIN, TYRINGHAM, WINLOWE, in alliance with
BERNARD, of NETHER-WINCHENDON.
From Original MSS. of the Family ; Inquisitions post-mortem ; Willis's MSS. ; Harleian MSS. ; Cole's MSS. ; Parochial Registers ; Monumental In-
scriptions ; Bridges's History of Northamptonshire ; and other Authorities.
Arms. Party per pale Or. and Gu. a lion ramp. bet. three fleurs-de-lis, counterchanged, Goodwyn. Az. a Saltire engrailed Arg. Tyringham frette
between four escalops, BleciLm. Arg. two lions passant in pale S. crowned Or. Catesby. Party per chev. Arg. and S. three elephants' heads erased,
counterchanged Saunders. .4.rg. a castle of three stories embattled and turreted S. CUehham. Arg. within a border engrailed Az. three lions' heads coupe
Gu. Wintawe.
Wn-i.iAM Goodwin, Citizen of London, acquired Nether- Winchendon by purchase,=5=
1st Eliz. and had a grant of the Manor, 2 Eliz.
Blase Goodwin, son of William, and
co-grantee of Nether-Winchendon.
John Goodwin, Esq. of Woburn Deincourt, son of William :=pKATHERrNE, dau. and co-h. of
ob. 11 May, 1558 ; Jjur. at Over- Winchendon. I Thomas Bledlow.
Sm JoHx Goodwin, Knt. Thomas TyniNCHAM, Esq. 2d son of Tho. Tyring-;
of Over- Winchendon. ham, Esq. of Tyringham, by Anne, dau. of Sir
[See Pedigree of Goodwyn, Humph. Catesby, Knt. of Whiston, co. Nrrth-
in Over- ,\ inchendon.] ampton. Kt. 14 in 1526: d. 29 i\lar. 1599, a-t.80;
bur. at Tyringham.
:Parnell, or Petronilla, dau. of John
Goodwin, Esq. and sister of Sir John
Goodwin, Knt. of Over-W incheiidon :
d. 29 Dec. 1594, iEt. 82 ; buried at
Tyringham.
Sir Anthony Tynrec-
HAM, Knt. of Tyring-
ham: d. 1614.
[Pedigree of Tyring-
ham, in Tyringham.]
2. Thomas T'
Esq. of Nether-Winch-
endon : d. 20, bur. 23
Mar. 1629, at Nether-
Winchendon.
,=t=El
of Francis Eliza h
Saunders, o( Haddenhum, and
of Welford, co. Northampton :
mar. 1587 : d. 17, bur.20 Oct.
1638, at Nether-Winchendon.
Thomas Tv-^Ellen, dau. of 2. John Tv-
;ingham, Esq rincham. b.
15 bap. 23
May,
1656 s. p. a:
71; bur. 12
Feb. at N(
ther-Winch-
endon.
Ric. WiNLOv;
Lewknor, co.
Notley-Ahbey
and relict of R
Milles: mar.
Aug. 1625, at
Winchendon.
bur. 3
3. Francis Tv-=
younger son , hr.
of his brother :
d. 1684. bur. 9
Sept. at Nether-
Winchendon.
WINLOWE.
Esq. of=pjA
t, Ji»q. ui=pj
Oxon. and
, 1709.
John Chelsham,
Esq. of Kingston,
CO. Surrey : d. 2
Feb. 1682.
ar.lst,toTho.Reed,ofL»rfgers/iu«; 2dly,to Hen.Poole.
ar. to Gilbert Huddy, or Hussey.
) Edw. Pigot, of North-Craxcley.
1 John Northwood.
. to Edw. Saundei-s. of Flore, co. Northampton.
Parnell, born 8th, bapt. 12 Mar. 1583=mar. 3 Sept. 1616.
at Winchendon. to Chphr. Horton, Esq. of Catton, co. Derby :
mother of Christopher Horton, bap. at Winchendon, 22
Feb. 1628.
Elizabeth, b. 19, bap. 23 Sept. 1591=mar. 29 Sept. 1632,
at Winchendon, to John Chetwynd, Esq. of Rugeley, co.
Stafl'ord.
Dorothy, b. 30 Dec. bapt. 7 Jan. 1592, at Winchendon:
drowned 30 Apl. 1605 ; bur. at Winchendon.
Margaret, eld.
Sarah, dau.
Mary, 2d =f
dau.andco-h.mar.
and co-heir;
dau. & coh.
to Fra. Bernard, of
mar. to Rev.
ofRic.Win-
St.John's-Coll.
M . . Terry,
lowe,Esq.of
Oxon. Rector of
of Lincoln:
Nolley-Ah-
Brightwell, CO.
ob. 1759.
bey, and of
Oxon. [Pedig.
Lewknor co.
of Bernard.]
Oxon.
Esq.eld.son . resided
at Winchendon, but
the estate entailed
on his brother: bur.
at Winchendon, 28
March, 1705.
1.
Jane, dau. of John;
Backwell, Esq. of
jBriiug/ifon, broth, of
Alderman Back-
well. [Pedig. of
Backwell and
=Fr.4N(TsTyri>)G-^Mary, dau. Thomas Tv
Pra
HAM, Esq. of Ne-
ther-Winchen-
don, & Kingston,
CO. Surrey: d.
1727, bur. 11
Oct. at Nether-
Winchendon.
and heir of
Ric. Grim-
shaw, of
Hampton, in
Arden, co.
Warwick,
bap. at Ux-
bridge, 21
Apl. 1648
died in Lon
William Be-=
RESF0RD,Esq.0f
Long-Leaden-
ham. CO. Line.
ob. circ. 1740.
Jane, sole dau. bequeathed
her estates to her cousin. Sir
Fra. Bernard, Bart, by Will
dated 20 July, 1762; ob.
vidu^l771: bur. at Lincoln.
Backwell Tyring-
ham : ob. infans,
V. p. : bur. 23 Sept.
1689, at Nether-
Winchendon.
RANCis Tyringham, sur- Parnell, mar. to Mary, born at Aylesbury, 16,
ving son: b. 1607, bap. Charles Pilsworth, bap. 27 June, 1698: ob. innup-
April; Sheriff' of Bucks, Esq. Barrister-at- ta ; bur. 23 Nov. 1745, at Ne-
f28: d. 12 Nov. 1735 Law, ofOving: bur. ther- Winchendon : left her estate
slebss. p. : bur. 15 Nov. 10 Mar. 1741, to her cousin Jane Beresford.
Winchendon. at Winchendon.
Thomas Tyringham, Esq. was Sheriff of Bucks, in 1558 (2 Eliz.) and William Goodwin and Blase
See Tyringham.
= Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl.
Langley's Desborough Hundred, p. 44C
520 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
his son, by deed 20 Sept. 1575 (16 Eliz.) conveyed their estate here to Thomas Tyringham, Esq.
of Tyringham, and Thomas Tyringham his second son ; and it was settled upon the latter, who pos-
sessed it in his father's lifetime, and held his first Court of the Manor here, in 1587 (28 Eliz.) and in
1598 (42 Eliz.) was assessed to " the Provision Money for the Service of Beeves and Muttons for the
Queen's Household,"' at 11. 19s. 5^d. for his lands in Nether-Winchendon."
He married Elizabeth, daughter of Era. Saunders, Esq. of Welford, co. Northampton, by whom he
had Thomas, John, Francis, Parncll, Elizabeth, and Dorothy; and dying 21 March, 1629, his widow held
this INIanor until her decease in 1638 ; when it descended to Thomas Tyringham, Esq. the eldest son,
then about fifty-three years of age. He married Ellen, widow of Ric. Milles ; and, besides his patri-
monial inheritance purchased an estate here in 1619, of Richard KnoUys, Esq. of Chichester, one of
the sons of Sir Era. Knollys, Knt. consisting of two watermills under one roof, called Cnddincfton
Mills, with certain arable and meadow ground in Nether-Winchendon, part of the lands of the said
Richard Knollys, Esq. sequestered bi/ the Parliament in the Rebellion, and directed to be sold as for-
feited lands.
This Richard Knollys conveyed, about the same time, his capital messuage or mansion, garden,
and appurtenances, by indenture, to John Bellingham, Gent, his father-in-law, and Arthur Bold, of
the Inner-Temple, London, Esq. and John Bold, of Clement's-Inn, Gent, and surviving only some
few years, having probably resided either at Chichester or Reading when his estate was sold, is re-
corded to have died at Winchendon, 2 January, 1655, and to have been removed to Reading for
interment.^
Thomas Tyringham dying without issue, in Feb. 1656, was buried here, and ultimately on the
death of tlieir mother, in 1638, Francis Tyringham, the youngest son, succeeded to the estate. By
his wife Elizabeth, eldest daughter and heir of John Chelsham, Esq. of Kingston, co. Surrey, he had
two sons, John and Francis, and two daughters, Elizabeth and Jane ; besides another son, said to have
been born in the time of the civil war, and to have died in infancy.
This Manor, during its possession by Francis Tyringham, was subject to an annual payment of
24s. for tenths, which in 1670 (23 Car. H.) were by indenture between Francis Lord Hawley and
others, conveyed to George Gosnold, Gent, of Beaconsfield, as part of the possessions of the late
Monastery of Notley.*
Thomas Tyringham, Esq. died in September, 1684, and was succeeded by his eldest son, John
Tyringham, who married Mary, second daughter and co-heiress of Richard Winlowe, Esq. of Notley-
Abbey, and of Lewknor, co. Oxon, by whom he had an only daughter Jane ; but this estate, at his de-
cease, in March, 1705, passed to his younger brother Francis Tyringham, Esq. who was SherifTof Bucks,
in 1727. He married first, Jane daughter of John Backwell, Esq. son of Edward BackAvell, Esq. Alder-
man of London, by whom he had an only son, Backwell Tyringham, who died in 1689, in his infancy; and
secondly, Mary, daughter and heir of Richard Grimshaw, Esq. of Hampton in Arden, co. Warwick,
by whom he had one son Francis, and two daughters ; Parnell married to Charles Pilsworth, Esq. of
Oving, Barrister-at-Law, who died without issue in 1711 ;' and Mary, born at Aylesbury, 16 June, 1698.
At the decease of Francis Tyringham, Esq. the father, 11 Oct. 1727, Francis his son, then about
thirty years of age, succeeded to this estate, but died unmarried in 1735, so that his sisters became
his heirs ; and Mary, who survived her elder sister Parnell, succeeded to the lands, and held them until
her death in 1745, having by her will bequeathed this manor and estate to her cousin .iane Beresford,
1 The assessment for the rest of the Parish was 17s. lOrf.
= Assessment of Nicholas Bosse's Division of Ashendon Hund. Ancient Roll. 3 Parish Register.
* Rot. Pat. Car. II. 5 s^e Oving, p. 377.
NETHER-WINCHENDON. 521
only daughter and heir of John Tyringham, Esq. of Nether-Winchendon, the sole surviving repre-
sentative of that branch of her family, which during, at the least, five successive generations, had pos-
sessed and resided at Nether-Winchendon.
This Jane had been married to William Beresford, Esq. of Long-Leadenham, co. Lincoln, who
died in 1740. She survived him about thirty years; and also their only son Christopher Beresford,
who died in his minority ; and by her will, dated 20 July, 1762, bequeathed all her estates to her
cousin-german Sir Francis Bernard, Bart, and dying in 1771, was buried in Lincoln-Minster; and
Nether-Winchendon passed to Sir Francis Bernard accordingly.
Sh' Francis Bernard, Bart, was descended from an ancient family, whose ancestor was God-
frey Bernard, of Wansford, in Yorkshire, in the reign of Henry IIL His affinity to Jane
Beresford arose from the marriage of John Tyringham with Mary, daughter and co-heir of Richard
Winlowe, Esq. of Lewknor, co. O.xon, sometime oi JSotley; and that of Margaret, another daughter
of the same Richard Winlowe (and sister of Mary Tyringham) to Francis Bernard, D.D. Rector of
Brightwell, co. Oxon, who had issue by her the said Sir Francis Bernard. He received his education
first at Westminster School, and afterwards at Oxford ; was of Christ-Church-College in 1729 ; A.M.
1736; became a Bencher of the Middle-Temple ; was elected Recorder of Boston, in Lincolnshire,
and High Steward of Lincoln. On 27 Jan. 1758, he was appointed Captain-General and Governor
of the Province of New-Jersey, in North America ; and in 1760, Governor of Massachusett's Bay,
where he continued in the exercise of the duties of that station during ten years, with great credit
and honour, receiving numerous marks of approbation both from the Ministers of the Crown, during
successive changes of administration, and from the inhabitants of the Province under his government,
until the unhappy differences between America and Great Britain provoked hostilities, when his popu-
larity abroad necessarily declined in proportion to the satisfaction which his conduct afforded to the
British Government. His behaviour was, however, duly appreciated by his Sovereign, by whom,
5 April, 1769, he was created a Baronet as of Nettleham, co. Lincoln. He was made D.C.L. at
Oxford, 2 July, 1772. His portrait, painted by Copleij, at Boston, New England, is in the Hall at
Christ-Church.^ After his return from America, he resided first, for a short time, at Nether-
Winchendon, whence he removed to Aylesbury, and died there 16 June, 1779, and was buried in the
chancel ;" having had issue by Dame Amelia his wife, daughter of Stephen Offley, Esq. of Norton-
Hall, CO. Derby, by Mary, sister of John Viscount Barrington, six sons and four daughters, whose
names and alliances are inserted in the annexed pedigree :
PEDIGREE OF BERNARD and BERNARD-MORLAND, Barts. in NETHER-WINCHENDON.
From Le Xeve, Dugd.Monast. Anglic, Beetham and Kimber's Baronetages, Bridges's Hist, of Northamptonshire, Parish Registers,
and Family Archives, &c.
Arms: Bernard. Quarterly, 1 and 4 Arg. a Bear ramp. S. muzzled and collared O. 2 Azure a Saltire engrailed Arg.'3 Arg. Three Lions' Heads coupe G.
within a border engrailed Vert. Crest : on a wreath a Demi-bear as in the Arms. Motto. Bear and Forbear. Tallakerne. Or. on a fess between
3 blackbirds proper a Garb between two cross crosslets fitche of the field. Allham. Paly of six S. land Arg. on a chief G. a Lion passant guardant O.
Daundclqon. Az. a Canton Arg. within a border G. entoire of Bezants. Champayne. Vert, frette S. on each joint a cross fitche of the field. Mns-
cote. G. on a cross Arg. five roses of the field,
GoDFUEY Bernard, of Wansford, co. York, temp. Hen. 3.=|=
William Bernard.j^Catherine Saiston.
Gilbert Bernard.=j=Claricia
I BERNAnD.=pAcNi
1 Anon. Letter to the Editor of the Gent. Mag. - See Aylesbury.
VOL. I. 3 X
522
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Robert Bernard, Ld
CO. Northampton. 138
sleliam, High Sheriff=j=Ei,izABETH, i
Knt. of Abii
& sole heir of Sir Nicholas Lylling,
ton. CO. Northampton, circ. 1408.
Sir John Bernard =pEllen, dau. & heir of ThomasBernaru, hr. of hisma-:
Knt. of Isleham, I Sir JohnMallory, Knt.of ternalgrandfather,1408,Eschea-
1448. Wooton, CO. Northamp- tor of Rutland & Northampton,
I ton; ob. 10 July. 1468. 1415: ob. 14G4 (3 Ed. 4.)
iMargaret, sister of Sir Wal- Henrv Bhrnard, Mary
ter Mauntel, Knt. of Heyford; of Guilsborough ; in vixit
ma^.2dly,to^Vm.Newenham, minority 4 Hen. 5. 1416,
Esq. ofThenford ; living 1467.
^Iargaret, 1st dau. &
co-hrs.mar.toTho.Pey- 2ddr.&(
ton,Esq.ofIsleham,co. mar. to
Camb. Jermyn.
John Bernard, of=j=MARGARET, dr. of He
3d dr,& co-hrs. Reading, co. Berks. | Serope, Baron of Boltc
mar. to ob. 1485-6 (1 Hen. Ufedun, oo. Bucks, wid.l
Strange. 7.) sington, 2dly, of Stjf:
. 4th Lord Thomas Bernard, Vic. of Pat-
, of Ham- teshall, co. Northampton, 1449.
t, of Ples- [Bridges's Hist. co. Northamp-
ird. ton, vol. i. p. 268.]
John Bernard, Esq. of=j=MAROARET, dau. and hr. of John Francis Bernard.:
Abington, co. North- Daundelyon, grand dau. and hr.
ampton: ob. 20 Aug. of Wm. Daundelyon, of Dod-
1508 (23 Hen. 7.) ington, Esq. mort. 24 Hen. 7.
3. EusTACEBERNARD.Rect. 4. Thomas Bernard,
ofThenford, 1467, of Tar- of ... . co. Glouces-
porley, co. Cest. and of ter ;occiso 15 Edw.4.
JMaidford, co. Northamp.
John Bernard,=pCecilia, dau. of John Mus- Richard
Esq. ob. 4 Feb. I cot, of Barton, co. North- Bernard
1549 : bur. at ampton: ob. 21 Sep. 1557 ; of Earl's
Abington. bur. at Abington. Barton.
=Anne, dau. of William Ber-
mar.2dly, nard, of Uptoi
to John Mul- CO. Gloucester,
Francis Bern
Esq. Ld. of Abing-
ton, CO. Northamp-
ton: ob.21Oct.l602,
(44Eliz.)
=i=AL
dau. of Jo
Jeremy Bernai
of Upton, 1669.
)hn Haslewood,
of Maidwell, co. |
Northampton. Robert Be
only son.
of John Wary.
Haslewood. Dorothy, a Nun, at De-la-Pn
Abbey, co. Northampton,
the Dissolution.
=D0R0THY,
Alice, dau.=f
dau. of Fra.
of Tho. Staf-
Cave, Esq.
ford, Esq. of
mar.2dly, to
Tutteuhoe,
Ric. Neale,
CO. Bucks.
of Rugby.
[Pedig. of
Stafford.]
=p2.BaldwinBer-:
NARD, Esq. of
Abington : ob.
llSep.l610,a:t.
56, bur. at
Abington, co.
Northampton.
:ELEANOR,dau tS: co-
hr.of John Fulwood,
Esq. of Ford-Hall,
CO. War. mar. 2dly,
to Edm. Hampden,
2d son of Griffith H.
Esq. of CO. Bucks,
ob. 27 Jan. 1634,
bur. at Abington.
Esq. of 1
Read-
ing: d
John
Chib-
nell, of
Sevem
daugh-
ters.
ELIi.A-
Eli7.abeth,=
pSiR John Ber-
=ELIZABETH,wid. \
dau.ofCle-
nard. Knt. a;t. 6,
of Tho. Nash, L
1610.
ment Ed-
(8 Jac. 1.) ob.
dau. and hr. of E
Anne.
mondes, of
1673-4; bur. at
Jno.Hall.M.D. n
Doro-
Preston-
Abington, 6
JMarch.
ofStratford-on- o
thy.
Deanery,
Avon, by Su- t
CO. North-
[Hist, of Nor-
sanna, sister of
ampt. bur.
30 Mar.
thamptonshire,
Shakspf.are,
vol.i.p. 10.]
mar.1649: ob.
1642.
1669, s. p.
WiL- =Marv
North-
amp-
SiR Rob. =^2. Elizabeth,
Bernard, relict of Robert
Knt. & Bart. 1st Ld. Digby,
(cr. 1 July, & of Sir Fra.
1662) Serj.- Astley.Kt.dau.
at-Law, d. at of Sir Jas. Alt-
Serjts.-Inn, ham,Kt.ofOx-
London, 18 ey,co.Herts,ob.
s.p.3 Jan. 1662,
at Abington,
CO. Nptn.
bur.
.St.
Paul's, Covent-
Garden, Lond.
CIS
Ber-
1685.
nard,
1680.
John
Cha.
Cha.
Eliza-
Mary,
Elea-
Ca-
Eliza- =f=
Ber-
Ber-
beth
dau. &
nor,
the-
BETH,
NARD-
dau. &
co-hr.
dau. &
rine,
dau. of
ob.
b.l637.
b.May,
co-hr.
mar.
co-hr.
ob.
Oliver
Jan.
d.l639,
1640,
mar.
1657,
mar.
int.
St.
1644;
bur. at
d.l651.
1657,
to Tho.
1659,to
1641
John,
bur. at
Abing-
bur. at
to Hen.
Higgs,
Sam.
Esq.
Abing-
ton.
Abing.
Gilbert,
Esq. of
Cotton,
ton.
Esq. of
Coles-
Esq. of
Just.
Lock,
bourne,
Hin-
wick,co.
PI.
Derby.
Glouc.
Beds.
:SiR John Ber-=
NARD, Knt. &
Bart. M.P. for
the Long Par-
liament: ob.
June, 1679 ;
bur. at Bramp-
ton, CO. Hunt.
[Kimber, vol.
.Grace,
dau.of Sir
Richard
Shuck-
burgh.Kt.
of Shuck-
burgh, CO.
War-
M.p'. ob.
to Sir Mic.
Pedley,
Kt. of
Hunting-
don, M.P.
Maiiv, mar.
to Laur.
Torking-
Gt.' Stewk-
ley, CO.
Hunt.
1665.
Francis Ber-
nard, of St.
John's-Coll.
Oxon. A.M.
1685; B.D.
1691. Rect. of
Brightwell, co.
Oxon. ob.
1715; bur. at
Lewknor, co.
Oxon.
=Maiioaret, dau.
and co-hr. of Ric.
Winlowe, Esq. of
Ki'lky & Lewk-
nor, CO. Oxon.
mar and
2dly. to Anthony
Alsop, D.D.
Preb. of Winton :
ob. 1718; bur. at
Lewknor.
[PEDIG.ofTl-
RlNGHAM,p.519,]
Anne, dau. of I.Eiizabj
Rob. Weldon, 2. Anne.
•IS Be
of Ch.-Ch.Oxon. 1729 ; A.M. 1736
Esq. mar. 2dly,
to Thomas Ld.
Trevor, as his
second wife.
[Ped. of Tre-
vor in Great-
Hami.den.]
3. Lucy.
4. MAnY,=mar. to Tho. Brown, Esq. of Arlsey, Beds.
5. JoANE,=mar. to. Ric. Bentley, D.D. Archdeacon of
Ely ; Mast, of Trinity-Coll. Camb.
6.~f
7. Uhree daughters who died young.
Bencher of Middle-Temple; Re-
corder of Boston ; High-Steward of
Lincoln; Gov. of New Jersey, 1758,
of Massachuset's Bay, 1760 (cr.
Baronet 5 Apl. 1769, of Nettleham,
co.Linc.)D.C.L.Oxon.2 July, 1772:
ob. 16 June. 1779, at. 67; bur. at
Ankstmni.
Bart. Student=pAiMELiA, dau. of Stephen Of
fley, Esq. of Norton-Hall, co.
Derby, by Mary, sister to
John Viscount Barrington :
ob. 26 May, 1778; bur. at
Aiileslmrv.
NETHER-WINCHENDON.
523
Sir John =
pMarv,
anW:
Bernard,
young-
]M.>rv
Bart, only
est dau.
son: of
of Sir
Brampton,
Francis
CO. Hunts.
St..Iohn,
d. 1.5 Dec.
Bart, of
1766.
Long-
1
thorpe,
Sir Robt.
CO.
Bernard,
North-
Bart.M.P.
for West-
ton.
minster,
1769: ob.
coel. 1789.
Fran-
Sir =
Margaret,
J.,HN
dau. & co-h.
Ber-
Ber-
of Patrick
nard,
Adair, Esq.
Ks.,.
2d Bt.
mar. 11
ob.
died in
May, 1782:
coelebs
the
ob. 6 Jan.
May,
West-
1813, s. p.
1770.
Indies.
bur. in the
1810,
Chapel of the
a!t. 65,
Foundling-
s.p.
Hospital,
=SirTho.-hasBernahd,
3d Bart. b. at Lincoln,
27 Apl. 1750; Barris-
ter of Lincoln's.Inn,
1780; Chancellor of
Durham, 1801 ; A.M.
and LL.D. of Edin-
burgh ; Treasurer of
theFouudlingHospital,
1794; Vice-President,
1806: d.l July, 1818,
at Leamington, co.
Warwick, s.p bur. 10
.Tuly, in the Chapel of
the Foundling llospi-
tal.
=Chaklotte
Mat.lda,
youngest
dau. of Ge-
neral Sir
Edward
Hulse, Bart.
G.C.H. Go-
vernor of
Chelsea
Hospital.
Ob. s. p.
Sir Schore Ber-
nard, 4th Bart. b.
atPestel-Amberg,
New Jersey. N.A.
took the name of
M0RLAND;0fCh.-
Ch. Oxon. A. M.
17 Dec. 1781 ;
D.C.L. 20 Nov.
1783; of the Coll.
of Laws, 1789;
M. P. for Ayles-
bury in three Par-
liaments; Judge of
the Epis. Court of
Durham ; Under
Sec.of State; M.P.
for St. Mawes : d,
in Lond. 18 Apl.
1830, xt. 72.
:Harriet,
sole dau.
and hr. of
William
Morland,
Esq.M.P.
for Taun-
26 July, '
1785; d.
2 JMar.
1822, set.
60;bur.at
Kimble.
Will. Ber-
Thom
nard, Esq. b.
Berna
1786; High
died a
Sher. of Bucks.
infant.
1811; d.Nov.
1820, at Caen,
in Normandy,
SrR Francis Bernard Thomas Tyringham, spSophia-Charlotte, sole dau. and Richa
Morland 5th Bart. b. Bernard, Esq. b. 15 hr. of Sir David Williams, Bart. Scrop
7 June, 1790 ; took the Sept. bap. 11 Oct. ofSarrat, co. Herts, by Dame Anne "
.name of Morland athis 1791, at Winchen- (Seymour) of Titchfield, co. Hants,
father's death, 1830. don; High Sheriff of and grand- daughter of Dame Re-
Bucks. 1816. becca, relict of Sh- David Williams,
Bart.of^s(on-C/iHtoi.
L^htia.
Jane, eld. dau. mar. to
Cha. White, Esq. of
Lincoln. Ob. Feb. 1823.
Amelia, mar. to Capt.
Beni. Baker, 5th Regt.
Foot: d. 18 Jan. 1795,
at Stamford, CO. Lincoln.
Frances Elizabeth, mar.
to Rev. Rich.King, Ret.
of Worthen, co. Salop. ;
had issue, & died, 1822.
Julia, mar. to Rev. Jos.
Smith, A.M. Vic. of
Wendover ; aftenvards
of Melksham, co. Wilts,
and Preb. of Sarum ;
[See Wendover.] and
had issue.
I Capt.
Margaret, b. 22 Dec. 1788
Hen. Pigott.
Bernaud, Marv-Anne. mar. 6 Oct. 1823, at Winch-
b. 13Aug. endon, to Fred. Cha. Spencer, A. M.Rect,
1 793. of Wheatfield, co. Oxon. nephew of his Grace
George Duke of Marlborough, died 2 Oct.
1831, having had issue Harriet, Frances,
and Charles, &c.
Lands of Studley Priory, — A small portion of land here was in the possession of the Priory of
Studley, in Oxfordshire, held in the reign of Henry III. at an annual payment of 5s. by services un-
known. The amount was only half a virgate, and Dionysia, formerly wife of Robert de Torteham,
was tenant under the convent.^
The convent continued to hold this small estate until the dissolution, when according to the Eccle-
siastical Valuation of Henry VHI. their lands in Wiiichendon were of the value of \Qs. per ann."
Tkc Prior of Chiclsand, (Chikesond) held in Nether-Wynchesdon, rents 51. 15s. 6f.^
In 1358 (32 Ed. III.) a fine passed between John Deryng the younger and Joane his wife, and
John Baudewyn and Elizabeth his wife, of messuages and lands here, which John Baudewyn and
Elizabeth, granted to John Deryngge and Joane, for their respective lives.
In 1362, (36 Ed. HI.) another fine passed between William de Broughton and Nicholas Pede,
Chaplaine, and John Baudewyne and Elizabeth his wife, of messuages and lands in Nether-
Wynchyndon, the right of Elizabeth.
Almaric de St. Amand died seised {inter alia) of rents in Nether- Wynchynd on, as appears by a
return made under an Inquisition in 1374 (48 Ed. HI.) of estates in Bedfordshire, of which he also
died possessed, the same being held of the Abbat and Convent of Wardon, co. Beds.^ amongst whose
estates mention is also made of lands in Nether-Winchingdon, in the Patent Rolls, 49 Ed. HI. p. 2,
m. and Pat. 50 Ed. III. p. 2, m. 13, 14. Also, 1 Ric, II. p. 1. m. 21. de Ten. in Nether-
Winchenden.
THE MANOR, OR MANSTON-HOUSE,
which belonged to Notley-Abbey, is presumed to have been partly re-built by Sir John Dauncy,
a Judge, in the reign of Henry VIII. who entirely erected the hall and other apartments which
1 Dionysia que fuit uxor Rob. de Torteham tenet in eadem vill' dimidiam virgatam tre' de Priorissa de Stodleye reddendo
quinq ; sol. p. annu. de feofFatu Priorisse nichil scimus nee inquirere possimus. Rot. Hund. 39 Hen. III. vol. i. p. 23.
2 Val. Eccles. Hen. VHI. vol. ii. p. 186 ; Dugd. Monast. vol. iv. p. 256. s Taxat. Eccles. P. Nic. p. 46.
* Esc. 48 Ed. HI. n" 35 ; Cal. vol. ii. p. 337.
524 ASHENDON HUNDRED
were subsequently improved about 1600, by the Tyringhams and their successors in the principal
estate here. It is situated southward of the parish church, near the Thame stream, which in this
part of its course is only a mere brook running to the west, and having, opposite to the front of the
house, a small bridge over it. The surrounding meadow is diversified with trees, and an avenue of
limes of considerable age, form the approach to the village. Another entrance has been made between
two cottage lodges, the gateway having piers with large shields charged with the arms of Tyringham.
The house, which encloses a small court, has an irregular appearance, and was long in a decayed
or neglected state : some of the windows have been partly modernised, but still retain the old stone
mullions ; and the situation being very low, the house is necessarily damp and gloomy.
Amongst many old family pictures, coats of arms in glass, and other remains of its ancient pos-
sessors, is a group of the Goodwyn family, representing a lady with four children standing in an apart-
ment in which are half-length portraits of two persons, as if affixed to the walls, thus preserving seven
likenesses in one piece. The lady is dressed in a striped gown, with a black farthingale in the
Elizabethan style, having a very high ruff, and a long chain of three rows of pearls, descending in
festoons on each side, and in the middle of the stomacher to the waist, round which is a narrow girdle
of embroidery. In her right hand is an ornamented fan, and her left is placed on the head of her
eldest son, a boy clad in a doublet or short jerkin, buttoned close before, with trunk hose, and an im-
mensely large rosette at the knee. In his right hand is a small black cap with feathers round it ;
and near his feet an inscription, "John, eldest son, died 1605, unmarried." At his left hand is a
little girl dressed like her mother, but with a necklace and chain of jewellery. Her hair forms a large
convex roll, several inches above her forehead, and on the top of it is a large bunch or cap of artificial
flowers. In her left hand a fine fan, and below her feet, " Dorothye, eldest daughter, died
unmarried." At the right hand of the principal figure are a little boy and girl, hand in hand ; the
girl in a plain lead-coloured gown with Vandyke cuffs: round her neck a tippet of lace; at
her feet, "Margaret, married to William Elmes, Esq. of Clifford, [^Lilford^ Northamptonshire."
The boy in a suit of the same colour and fashion as that of his elder brother. At his feet,
" Arthur, 2d son ; heir to Sir Francis Goodwin, Member for Aylesbury, 1625 ; Knt. of the Shire,
1640; father of Jane, Lady Wharton." Above the principal figure, "Elizabeth, Lady Goodwin,
daughter of Arthur Grey, wife to Sir Francis Goodwin, of Winchendon, Bucks. Knt. of the
Shire in the reign of Elizabeth, James I. and Charles I. with four of her children."
The portrait in the dexter corner is a half-length of a handsome man, in a richly ornamented and
party gilt cuirass, or corslet : round the left arm, which appears to have a sleeve of white silk or
satin, very loose and large, is a scarlet sash ; and long shoulder-knots with tassels, hang down on each
side: on his head a black hat with a very high crown ; and within the representation of the frame,
"Arthur Grey, Baron of Wilton." In the opposite or sinister corner, another half-length of a man in
black, with a pointed beard, large ruff, and slouched hat. Inscription : " Sir John Goodwin of
Winchendon, Knt. Father of Sir Francis Goodwin, uncle to Sir Anthony Tyringham, Sheriff of Bucks,
1561, and 1588."
This picture is very similar to, if not the same which is described as "a curious old daubing on the
stair-case, at the Vine in Hampshire, the seat of William Chute, Esq.;" in which, however, the name of
Sir Francis Goodwin himself is also introduced, and the date 1602.' The inscriptions are evidently
of much later date than the painting ; and i is sustituted for y in the name of Goodwyn.
Another portrait represents a lady in yellow lutestring, placing her hand in a stream of water, as it
pours from the mouth of an urn, into a marble basin. This is presumed to be Anne Howard,
' Topographer vol. i. p. 60.
NETHER-WINCHENDON. 525
Countess of Carlisle; but much resembles a portrait of Lucy Marchioness of Wharton, of which a good
engraving is also in this house.
A pair of portraits in oval frames ; one of a beautiful woman, gaudily and fancifully dressed : its
companion a young man with a very noble mien, in corslet, damasked with gold ; a crimson scarf or
sash, gold chain of square links, ornamented with jewellery, from which hangs at his breast a medallion ;
his mantle of purple, bordered with ermine and three rows of gold lace, thrown gracefully over the
left shoulder, fastened at the neck with a large jewel ; the right hand resting on the pommel of his
sword. These are Anne Duchess of Savoy, whose name is written on the back of her pictui'e ; and (as is
conjectured) the Duke of Savoy, her husband.
A portrait of a man in a full dress, black ; sword with a gold hilt, in a belt of gilt leather, with
pointed beard, laced ruff, gloves of tan, inscribed " The Right Hon. Edward Lord Wotton, who
married Margaret, daughter of Philip Lord Wharton, and was ambassador from Queen Elizabeth to
James, King of Scotland."
Two very old portraits in one frame, with the date 1596. A man with coarse features, long visage,
grey hair, and beard inclining to sandy ; a high ruff. A lady with an enormous ruff, richly worked
or laced, dress black and white : hair decorated with jewels, and a gold necklace with a jewel attached,
having on it an eagle displayed.
A portrait of John Tyringham, Esq. in a blue vest, with a crimson sash, long cravat, and full
bottomed wig.
Mary Tyringham, wife of John Tyringham, and daughter and heiress of Richard Winlowe, Esq. of
Lewknor.
Mrs. Jane Beresford, formerly possessor of this mansion.
Thomas Tyringham, Esq. second son of Thomas Tyringham, by Parnell, daughter of Sir John
Goodwin, Knt. a very stout man in armour ; and a group in which the same gentleman is represented
standing near his charger ; but much faded and injured by damp.
Portrait of Francis Tyringham, Esq. second son, and heir of Thomas Tyringham, born 1608 ;
died 1684.
Dorothy Tyringham, third daughter of Thomas Tyringham, who was accidentally drowned at
Winchendon.
A portrait of a gentleman in a brown coat, with a turnover and double ruffles ; his right hand
resting on the pommel of his sword. Motto : "En Dieu est tout. 1638." This is probably Thomas
Tyringham, brother of Francis.
Portrait of King Henry VHL on pannel.
A small portrait of Philip, fourth Lord Wharton, nine inches by seven.
Mrs. Margaret Bernard, (daughter of Ric. Winlowe) wife, first of the Rev. Fra. Bernard, B.D.
Rector of Lewknor, and afterwards of Dr. Alsop, Prebendary of Winchester.
Francis Bernard, Esq. eldest son of Sir Fra. Bernard, Bart, and elder brother of Sir Thomas and
Sir Scrope Bernard, successively Baronets.
Sir Francis Bernard, Bart, father of Francis, last mentioned, &c.
William Bernard, Esq. eldest son of Sir Scrope Bernard Morland, Bart.
Mrs. Jane Hastings.
John Morland Esq. a boy dressed in scarlet.
Sir Francis Bernard, Bart, painted 1766, by Copley ; oval.
Sir Scrope Bernard Moi'land, Bart, when young.
Heads of King James the First, and King Charles the First.
526
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Portrait of Samuel Barrington, Admiral of the White and General of Marines.
Thomas Tyringham Bernard, Esq. second son of Sir Scrope Bernard INIorland, Bart, in the regi-
mental uniform of the Royal Bucks Militia.
Sir Thomas Bernard, Bart, son of Sir Francis and elder brother of Sir Scrope Bernard Mor-
land, Bart.
In the windows are the following coats of arms, with divers accompanying ornaments, and some
well executed figures.
In the dining room :
I. France and England quarterly within a garter,
with its motto.
•2. Quarterly 1 and 4 France and England quarterly:
"2 Scotland : 3 Ireland. Party per fess and pale of six
coats. \. Tyriiujham. 2. Sable a frette O. 3. S. three
water bougies Arg. 4. G. ten billets 4. 3. 2. 1. Or. 5. Ar.
within a bordure S. engrailed, a fess Gu. 6. Barry of
six Ar. and S. on a bend G. three mullets O.
3. Offley impaling Shute :
Arg a cross, S. between four birds, impaling party
per chevron S. and O. in chief two eagles displayed of
the last.
4. Bernard impaling Offley.
5. Barrington: Arg. three chevronels S. in chief a
label of three points : impaling Shute.
6. Scrope, Ar. a bend O. impaUng Shute.
3. Quarterly 1 and 4 Bernard : 2. Az. a saltire en-
grailed Ar. Tyringham : 3. Arg. within a bordure
engrailed Az. three lions' heads coupe Gu. JJ'iidowe.
4. Tyringham : impaling party per pale O. and G. a
lion rampant between 3 fleurs-de-lis counterchanged :
Goodwyn.
5. JVliarton impaling Goodwyn : with a Baron's
coronet.
6. Tyringham impahng Throckmorton.
7. Dormer impaling Tyringham.
8. Tyringham impaling Saimdcrs.
9. Chetwyn impaling Tyringham.
10. Party per fess and pale of six : 1 quarterly S and
Arg. 2. Az. a frette Ar. a chief Gu. 3. Az. a fess
between six cross crosslets Or. 4. Az. three right
hands coupe Arg. 5. Erm. on a ch. S. three crosses
patte Ar. 6. Erm. a cross engrailed Gu. surtout a bend
Az.
II. Tyringham impaling Brudenell.
12. Erm. on a cross argent voided; in the centre
4 mill-rinds Sab.
1 3. Party per fess : in chief Arg. a cross Gu. charged
with the Holy Lamb, Arg. In base quarterly O. and
Gu. over all a lion ramp, purpure, his dexter shoulder
charged with a leaf Or : impaling S. between three
fleurs-de-lis O. on a chevron of the last three spear headg
Az.
14. The last coat impaling quarterly the former.
Crest, on a mural crown, oak branches and leaves
proper.
1 5. Quarterly of six coats : 1 . S. a chevron charged
with 3 spear heads Az. a crescent for diff"erence. 2.
Quarterly O. and G. a hon ramp. purp. 3. Gu. a saltire
arg. within a bordure compone Ar. and Az. each piece of
the former charged with a mascle O. 4. Gu. on a cross
engrailed Ar. five roses or q. estoils of the field. 5. Arg.
two piles wavy Az. 6. O. semee of cross crosslets Gu.
a chief indented of the last.
16. Quarterly the four first coats above described im-
paling the fifth.
17. Tyringham impaling Goodicyn.
18. Bernard impaling IVinlowe.
19. Tyringham impaling JVinloice.
20. Az. a chev. between three mullets O. charged
with a crescent Arg. Chetwyn impaling Tyringham.
21. Sable a buck's head cabossed Ar. Horton impaling
Tyringham.
22. Tyringham impaling Chehham : viz. Arg. a castle
of three stories, embattled turreted Sable.
In one of the windows is a cypher, for jST ff^
Thos. a. Becket. and the date 1449 ; |\D
also these arms :
Arg. a chevron S. charged with a trefoil between three
crescents Arg. with a label of three points for difference :
impaling a chevron between, in chief two trefoils,
in base a fleur-de-lis. The name of Mr. Direk ^'an
Diemerbro. Arms : Cheque S. and Ar. Crest : two
hands coupe at the wrist, holding a crescent.
Another coat with the date 1589.
Arms : Or. a pottage-pot proper.
Another coat dated 1609, perhaps still more
uncommon :
Quarterly 1 and 4, Arg. a mermaid with a helmet
sword and shield : 2 and 3 Or. three ladders Az.
NETHER-WINCHENDON. 527
In a small apartment with a mullioned window, wainscotted in pannels, are numerous texts of scrip-
ture, in raised Roman capitals, disposed in compartments as a cornice round the upper part of the walls ;
which, beginning on the north side, may be thus read :
Over the window :
FOR LO THEY THAT ARE FAR FROM TO LEAVE US A REMNANT
THE SHALL PERISH BUT IT IS TO ESCAPE, AND TO GIVE US
GOOD FOR ME TO DRAW NEER A NAIL IN HIS HOLY PLACE
TO GOD, I THAT OUR GOD MAY LIGHTEN
HAVE PUT MY TRUST IN THE LORD GOD
THAT I MAY DECLARE ALL HIS
WORKS. PSALME Ixxlii. V. 27. 28.
AND NOW FOR A LITTLE SPACE GRACE
HATH BEEN SHEWED FROM THE
LORD OUR GOD.
OUR EYES AND GIVE US
A LITTE REVIVING IN OUR BONDAGE.
EZRA, ix. V. 8.
EXHORT YOUNG MEN
TO BE SOBER MINDED. TITU. 2. 6.
LIKEWISE YE YOUNGER SUBMIT YOURSELVES
UNTO THE ELDER. 1. PET. V, 5.
ANNO DOM. 1646.
This remnant of antiquity did not originally belong to the house ; but the wainscot of the drawing-
room is of the scroll pattern, similiar to that found in Notley and Thame Abbies, and at Weston-on-
the-Green, in Oxfordshire.^
Besides this mansion, there were two others in this Parish in the time of Thomas Tyringham, Esq.
one of them alienated by him to Richard Milles, Esq. whose daughter and heiress Ellen was married
to Sir Francis Knollys, M. P. for Reading ; whose pedigree is annexed :
PEDIGREE OF KNOLLYS, of NETHER-WINCHENDON; and of THAME, Co. OXON. &c.
From Glover, Edmondson, &c.; Kimber and Johnson's Baronetage ; Ashmole's Berkshire; Parochial Registers, &c.
Arms : Quarterly 1 and 4 Az. Crusuly of crosslets, a cross moline, voided Or. 2 and 3 Gu. a chevron Arg. charged with three roses of the first.
Crest, on a wreath, an elephant Arg. Motto : In utrumque paratus. Knollys.
Arg. three Cornish choughs proper. Pennyston. Az. frett^ Arg. Cave. Gu. on a fees Or. three roundels. Hiugham.
Az. a lion passant S. between 3 phaeons Or. Woktenhotme.
SiK Robert Knollys, Seneschal of Guienne temp. Edw. 3. Lieutenant of Bretagne, General of the Forces— Co
under the BlackPrince : " qui amplissimum patrimonium in Britannia habebat, ac gloria, belli sanguinis-
que nobilitate praestabat ;" styled by the French, "Le veritable Demon de Guerre :" K.G. temp. Ric. 2.
Founder of Rochester Bridge, Chapel and Chauntry, and of a College at Pontefract: ob. 15 Aug. 1407,
set. 91, at Sconethorpe, co. Norfolk : bur. in the Whitefriars, London.
born at Pontefract,
CO. York: bur.
atthe Whitefriai's,
London.
Sir Thom^is Knollys, or Knolles, of North-=f=MARGARET " Widow of John Chicheley, Emma, mar. to Anthony Babington.
Mimms, co. Herts, Knt. Lord Mayor of London I Chamberlain of London." [Clutterbuck's Herts,
1399 and 1410. [Wright's Pristorian Banner.] vol. i. p. 443, and Pedig. of Chicheley.]
, of age 24 Hen. 6. of North-=pELizABETii. dau. and heir of Will. Troutbeck, of Cheshire : ob. 28 Thomas Knollys.*=j=
North-aiimms. [Chauncey and Clutterbuck.] [qu ? if eldest son 1
in Blimms Church.] of Weley : [or Frowick. Clutterbuck.] ThomasKnollys,of North-Jlimms. [Kimber's Bar.vol.iii. p. 130.] I Doyley
I [Kimbei
RobertKnollys, Gentleman Usher of the Privy Chamber,=j=LETTicE, dau. of Sir Thomas Penyston, hard of Hawridge and Marshals, mar. 2d!y to Sm
to King Hen. 8. [Dugdale's Bar. torn. ii. p. 412.] | Rob. Lee, of QimreHdon : 3dly to SirTho. Tresham, Knt. Lord Prior of St. John of Jerusalem.
a
* Clutterbuck mentions two Thomases in succession, father and grandfather of Robert Knollys. and supposes Chauncy in error : but if Thomas, who held
his court at North-JIimms in 14 and 19 of Hen. 6, were not the same person who possessed that manor in 7 Hen. 6, Robert, whose monument is in the
Church of Mimms, and who seems by the inscription to have been living in 36 Hen. 6, could not have held the estate.
1 From Information of Sir S. Bernard Morland, Bart.
528
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Francis Knollvs, educated at Magdalen College Oxon. :=pKATiiEniNE, dau. of Will
am Cary, Esq. of the Body to J,
NE. mar. to Charles Win?-
Gent. Pensioner. 34 Hen. 8. Privy Counsellor to Queen
King Hen. 8. afterwards
Lord liunsdon, by Mary, dau. field, of Kimbolton Castle.
Elizabeth: Vice-Chamberlain of the Household : Capt. of
and co-h. of Thos. Bullen
Earl of Wiltshire and Ormond : son of Sir Richard Wing-
and cousin of Queen Elizabeth : field. K.G.
the Guard : Treasurer of the Household : K.G. Knt. of the
sister of Henry Cary, Esq
Shire for Oxon. ob. 1596. [Dugdale and Kimber.]
ob. 15 Jan. 1568, at Hampton-Court: bur. in Westmin-
ster Abbey. [Pedigree of Carv, p. 152.]
Henr^ =
j=Mar- Doro- =
p2.WlLLIAMKN0L-=f=EuZA- 3. SiR =i=JoANE 4. RiCIl
5.' Sir =7=Let- el Sir Lettice. ' mar. 1st to
Knol-
CARET, rnv.
I.vs. delegate to
BETH, Robert
HiNO- ARI>
Fran-
tice, Ti.os. Walt. Devereux, Earl
ls s.eld.
dau. dau. of
Holland, 41 Eliz.
eld. Knol-
iiam. Knollv
dau. of Knol- of Essex : 2dly to Ro-
John LVS, com- bert Dudley, Earl of
of Han- under Sir Christop. Blount,
ham, Prince Knt. bur. at \\ar-
son: of
and hr. Ed-
Treasurer of the
dau.of LEVS,
Esq.
Knol-
Mag-
of Sir mund.
Household, 43:
Tho. K.B.
dalen
Am- Lord
cr. Baron Knol-
Earl of M.P.
Knt.
Coll.
brose Bray :
lys, of Grays, 13
Suf- for
M.P.
Oxon.
Cave, sist. and
May. IJac. Mast.
folk : Read-
for Ox-
co. Maurice: wick.
■'libe-
Knt. co-h. of
of the Court of
Lord ing
ford:
Glou- mar. Anne. mar. to Tho.
ratissi-
Chan- John
Wards, 10 Oct.
High and
and for
cester. Odella de Lord de la Warre.
malite-
cellor Lord
1614, K.G Vise.
Trea- Bre-
Berks :
Jioroda, Cecilia, mar. to Sir
ratura
ofLan- Bray:
Wallingford, 7
surer of con.
styled
and had Tho. Leighton, Knt.
egregie
caster. relict of
Nov.14Jac.Earl
Eng.
of
issue Pe- of Feckenham, co.
dita-
ob. 15 Edm.
ofBanbuiy, 18
mar.
Read-
nelope, Wilts. Governor of
bus."
Aug. Bruges,
Aug. 2 Car. 1.
2dly,to
mar. to Guernsey and Jersey,
M.P.
1600. Lord
Ob. 25 May,
Nicho-
Abbey.
WillLe Constable of the Tow-
for
Chan-
1632 : bur. at Ro-
las,
Hant. er of London.
Read-
dos.
therfield-Grays,
Lord
Catherine, mar. to
H'r
[Ped.
a-t 88. [Dug-
\'aux.
Gerard Lord OfHey.
1 Ehz.
of
dale.]
son and heir of the
ob.v.p.
Brav.]
EarlofKildare:2dlv
to Sir Phil. Boteler,
R*^
_i
Knt.
EliSetu, mar. to f'icia,
ob. Edward, Nicholas.
=^J0ANNA FraN-
Captain Sir Sir =Ellen. Anne. '
Henry, son and heir inf. produced as sons of the bert
of Sir John Wil- [Kim- Earl of Banbury, in con- Knol-
dau. of CIS.
Francis Ro- Fran-
dau. ELIZABtTIl.
Sir Let-
KnOLLVS, BERT CIS
and hr. Lettice, mar. to
loughby, Knt. of ber.] tradiction of the certifi- i.vs.
John
mar. 1st . Knol- Knol-
of Sir Thos. Vachell.
Risley, CO. Derby. cate of his mother. The Knt.
Wols-
dau. of Sir Lvs, L^s,
Rich. Knt. of Cowley.
Lettice, mar. to former killed in France : M.P.
ten-
Chas. Wise- Knt. Knt.
Milles, CO. Berks: 2diy
\Mlliam Lord Pa- Nicholas assumed the for Ab-
holme,
man: 2dly. ob.s.p. M. P.
Alice dau. for
Esq. of to John Hamp-
get. title of Earl of Banbury, ingdon,
Knt. of
Ne- DEN, Esq. t/ic
but had no summons to \Val-
Dron-
of Sir Will. Read-
ther- Patriot. Ob.
Parlmt.: his only dau. ling-
field.
Beecher, ing.
Wnch- vidua: bur. at
(by the dau. of Mount- ford.
CO.
bur. 4 Aug.
endon. Hampden, 18
joy Earl of Newport )
Derby.
1643. at
May. 1668.
INIary Anne, was mar. to
Sir John Biscoe, Knt. of
Stanford-
[PiD.of Ha.mp-
Dingley,
DEN.]
Boughton,co. Northrapt.
co.lWks.
FRA^CFS.
Robert =j=MAR^ , dau. of .. Wilmam .. mar. to Sir John William
Francs Richard Knollvs, Esq.=F-MiRY, sist. and hr. of
Knolls s,
Saunders, oi Mon- Knollvs. Cerbet, Knt. of Knollvs,
Knollvs, of Chichester : died at
Henry Bellingham, of
eld. son and
gevvell.co. Oxon. Stoke, co. Salop. ob. 1623,
ob. s. p. Winchendon, 2 Jan.
Everingham, co. Sussex.
heir.
. . mar. to Egerton. £et. 9.
1655: bur. at Reading.
[Arms : Ar. 3 bugle
. mar.tollolmby.
[Winchendon Register.]
horns S. garnished Or.]
FKimhpr.l
^ 1 ' ' ' ^ Francis Knoi
lv.s==Anne, dau. and co-h. of .. Bateman. of .. co. Berks.
Robert Knollvs, M. P. for Oxfordshire, ob. s. p. [Kimber.]
[Kimber's Baronetage.]
3ETH. mar. to Sir Francis Cur-
Francis Knollv;,, Esq. M.P. for=j=Ei.izABETii, youngest dau. and co-h. of John Striblehill, of Thame, CO. Oxon. Elua
Reading, ob. 1701. | mar. at Weston, 19 Apr. 1696 : ob. 1701. [Towersey Register.] zon. Knt
of Waterperry, co. Oxon.
BETH, bap. 21 Jan. 1680,
1 W. '
Thcmas, bap. Francis Knol- Elizabeth, dau. and co-h.=FRicnARD Knollys,
2. ■
mar.==HANNAH, John, Eliza
17 Nov. 1657, Lvs.M.P.forOx- of Humph. Thayer, Com.
for his 3d wife, Anne
dau. dau. of died at Winchendon.
at Winchen- ford, 1722 and of Excise, of Theydon, co.
of John Taylor, Treas. of Theoph. young. Cecilia, b. 11, bap. 18 Sept.
don. [Paro- 1727 ; ob. ccel. Essex, [^rms: Per pale
chial Register.] 27 June, 1754. Erm. & Gu. 3 talbots heads
Bridewell and Bethlehem Salwav.Esa. 1690. at Winchendon. [Par.
Hospital s. p.
of Wood- Reo-ister.l
erased, counter-changed.]
ford.
Sir Francis Knollvs, Bart. (cr. 1 April 1754 :) Sheriff of Oxon. 1757 :=Mary, dau. and heir of Sir Robert Kendall Cater, Knt. of KempsI
M.P. for Reading, 1761. [Whitwortb's Succession of Parliaments, and Bedford; 3dson of John Kendall, Esq. of BasingbourneHall, co
\_Armi : Arg. a bend Vert with a label of 3 points Gu.]
Kimber.]
The remains of the mansion of the Knollyses, with certain lands here, after the death of the last
Lady Knollys, passed to the family of Longmire, and from them to the Rev. John King Martyn,
Rector of Pertenhall, co. Beds, and are now the property of his son, the Rev. Thomas Martyn, the
present Rector of Pertenhall.
NETHER-WINCHENDON.
529
PEDIGREE OF MARTYN, of NETHER-WINCHENDON, and of PERTENHALL, Co. BEDFORD.
Arms: Arg.
Crest : A leopard's head coup^ proper, ft
bars Gu. within a bordure engrailed S.
"YN. Sab, a lion ramp, crowned between three crosslets Or. King,
EuLALiA, youngest dau. of John King, D.D. Prebendary of=
Weighton, in York Cathedral; Rect. of Chelsea, by Elizabeth,
dau. of Joseph Aris, Esq. of Adstone, co. Northamp. wid. of
the Rev. J. Eston ; b. 22 Jul. 1703 ; mar. 30 Aug. 1732 : ob.
13 Feb. 1749 ; bur. at Chelsea.
iJoiiN Mahtyn, F.R.S. Professor of Botany
in Cambridge : Ob. 29 Jan. Hf" •
Chelsea. [Pedigree of BIauty
if Botany=pMARY-
), bur. at Esq. 2(
, in LuD- I
vE, dau. of Claude Fonnereau
fe. [Page 311.]
MaKTVN of LUDGERSHALL.
;epl
at Chelsea ; of Eman. Coll. Camb.
A. B. 23 Jan. 1756 ; Fellow of Sidn.
Suss. Coll. 1758; A.M. 3 July, 1759;
B.D. 11 June. 1766; Prof, of Bo-
tany, 1761; Vic. of Foxton, 1773;
Rect. of Ludgershall, 14 Jan. 1774;
Vic. of Little-Marlow, 1776; Mini-
ster of Edgware, co. Middx. 18 Jan.
1778; F.R.S. 1780; F.L.S. and
V. P. Reg. Prof, of Botany, in Camb.
1793; Rector of Pertenhall, 1804;
ob. 3 June, 1825, bur. at Pertenhall,
4th W.
Sarah-Elizabeth BiRTiLL,5= ..
of Bristol, viv. 1831.
Martha, dau. of John Martyn,:
Will. EUiston, of b. 17 ftlar.
Orford, co. Suff.
sist. of Will. El-
liston, D.D.
ftlast. of Sidney-
Sussex Coll.
Camb. mar. 9
Dec. 1773 ; ob.
21 Aug. 1829,
vidua.
1737; ob. £
Anapolis, in
Maryland, N
America.
Long mire,=v=Elizabeth ,
Clif-
ford,
of Stow,
of John ; MARTY^
ob. 14 b. 21
Feb. 1737. Aug.
1740.
Ob.
ccelebs
1767,
.■- in India,
A. 1749; A.M.
1753; Fel. of
Peter-Ho. Camb.
^'ic. of Staunton,
1755; S. T. B.
1768; Rect. of
Newton, co. SuJf.
Ob. 11 Nov.
1789.
Ob. 4 Jan.
1825, at
Kimbolton;
vidua.
EULALIA, b.
1733 ; ob.
inf. bur. at
Chelsea.
Kath.Eu-
LALIA, b.
1743; ob.
11 July.
1747.
Mary-Fran-
ces, b. 30
Mar. 1745,
2d W. S H 1st W.
=Emma, 4th dau. of^^JoHN Kinc-Martyn, of Sydney-Sus-=pEuLALiA-ftlAHiA,only
Geo. ftl'Kensie sex Coll. Camb. A.B. 1796; A.M. I dau. mar. 30 July,
M^Aulay, Esq. Al- 1799; Rect. of Pertenhall, 1803; 1800; ob. 27 July,
derman of London, resigned. | 1812.
mar. 11 Aug. 1813. |
Mary-Eulalia ; ob. 1815, aet. 13.
Rhoda ; mar. to Rev. Wm. ftludge.
Jane ; mar. to Rev. George-Cornelius Gorham, B. D.
Fellow of Queen's-Coll. Camb. 1821.
The third mansion was tenanted under Thomas Tyringham, Esq. by Mr. William Goodwyn, who
died, and was buried here 13 Sept. 1613.^ He is presumed to have been a descendant of the old
family of Goodwyn, but not ascertained how nearly allied ; and the house being subsequently
alienated, little more than the site now remains.
The Hill farm, late Mr. Rose's, has some handsome plantations of trees; and at the extremity of a
large pastui'e called The Grove, part of the principal estate, are the remains of a moat enclosing a
plot of ground, where probably another old house once stood ; but no account of it is preserved, and
the site is now a grove of arbeles.
THE VILLAGE,
though copiously supplied with water from springs as well as by the river Thame, is said to have been
formerly unhealthy, its inhabitants being peculiarly liable to the disease termed the Goitre, or
swelled neck; and the like is said of some of the neighbouring villages, particularly Cuddenton
and Crendon.
The population in 1811 was returned at 246 ; and in 1821, at 244.
The property tax assessed at 451Z. Is. lOd.
WINCHENDON MARSHES.
Here are two considerable farms retaining the names of The Marshes ; one on the side of a hill in
the northern part of the parish, the other at some distance north-west from the village ; an old
British track, called the Portway, running between them, from Over-Winchendon towards Chearsley
and Chilton.
Par. Regist.
3y
530 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
This estate was purchased in 1671, by Richard Grenville, Esq. of Wotton, and consists of
pasture grounds called the Marshes, and two meadows termed Marsh-meadows, containing
about 300 acres, with divers closes, tithe-free, and the royalties and other privileges belonging
thereto; and about twenty-one acres of land, which by lease and release, dated 18 and 19 July,
1684, were conveyed by William Brooks, of Aylesbury, Gent, to Richard Grenville the elder, Esq.
his heirs and assigns for ever ; and have subsequently descended, in the same manner as the
patrimonial estate at Wotton, to Richard-Grenville-Chandos-Temple, Duke of Buckingham and
Chandos, K. G.
THE ADVOWSON AND PERPETUAL CURACY.
Nether- WiNCHEXDON, as well as Chearsley, was anciently a Chapelry, appendant to Crendon.
The Rectory, or Parsonage, was appropriated to the Monks of Notley, probably soon after the tem-
poralities of that Monastery in this parish had been given to them by the Founders. The performance
of divine sei'vice was provided by the ecclesiastics of Notley, in the same manner as in the neighbour-
ing small churches belonging to their House. In 1291, Crendon with its Chapels of Winchendon-
Inferior and Chearsley was estimated at 20^. per ami. deducting a pension payable out of the latter.'
In this state of annexation it continued until the dissolution, when King Henry VIII. gave the
" Parsonage of Wynchyndon, part of the spiritualities" of Notley to the Cathedral of Oseney ; and in
1542, upon the erection of the See of Oxford, bestowed upon the Dean and Canons this Rectory and
Advowson, as "part of the late possessions of the dissolved Monastery of Notley, estimated at
10/. 13.5. id. clere by the year," to hold to them and their successors in pure and perpetual alms."
The Impropriation and Advowson were afterwards resumed by the Crown, and attended the pos-
session of the Manor, until being vested in the family of Tyringham, one moiety of the Advowson was
alienated, and passed in marriage, circ. 1740, with Parnell, daughter of Francis Tyringham, Esq. by
Mary his second wife, to Charles Pilsworth, Esq. of Oving ; ' and the said Parnell, dying without
issue, Mr. Serjeant Pilsworth bequeathed this moiety to his second wife Elizabeth, daughter of Sir
Thomas Cave, Bart, of Stanford, in Northamptonshire, who left it to her surviving brother Sir
Thomas Cave, Bart. He married Elizabeth, sole daughter and heiress of Griffith Davies, jNI. D. of
Birmingham; and at his decease, 7 August, 1778, it came by bequest to his second son, the Reverend
Charles Cave, A. M. who having also survived his brother and nephew, successively Baronets, suc-
ceeded in 1792 to the family estates and title ; was Rector of Thingdon, in Northamptonshire, and
Thedingworth, co. Leicester. In 1804 (about six years before his death) he sold his estate here to Mr.
John Rose, of Winchendon, who in the same year conveyed it to Sir Scrope Bernard -Morland, Bart,
by whom this portion of the Impropriate Rectory and Patronage of the Church were thus reunited to
to the other moiety, which had previously descended to him from his ancestors, and in pursuance of
the will of Mrs. Jane Beresford, in the manner before related, together with the Mansion-House.
When the Parish was inclosed, in the reign of King James I. the Rectorial Lands were exonerated
from the payment of tithes.' The trees and herbage of the churchyard belong to the Lay Impropri-
ator, and many very large trees are preserved, formerly avenues on the north and west sides of the
churchyard.
In 16j0, the Curacy was returned to be worth 6/. 13.5. id. per ami.
' Taxat. Eccles. P. Nic. p. 34. See also p. 214.
"' Rot. Pat. .34 Hen. VIII. n". 6; Willis's Hist, of Cathedrals, vol. ii. p 419.
^ Page 377. > From Information of Sir Scrope Bernard-Morland, Bart.
NETHER-WINCHENDON. 531
In 1744, the Perpetual Curacy was augmented with 200Z. by lot from Queen Anne's Bounty; in
1766, with 200/.; in 1787, with 200/.' In 1796, with 400/. by Parliamentary Grant, to meet a Bene-
faction of 200/. another of 40/. and a third of 60/. all settled 13 March, 1795, and charged upon
lands by the Reverend Thomas Lloyd ; and 100/. given at the same time by Scrope Bernard, Esq.
afterwards Sir Scrope Bernard-Morland, Baronet, the Patron ; and, in 1834, with 400/. from the
Queen's Bounty by lot.
The Glebe consists of twenty-one acres in this parish, five-and-an-half acres in Aston-Clinton,
three acres in Cuddington, and a rent-charge, payable out of the estate of the Impropriator, of
10/. 13s. j)er. annr
PERPETUAL CURATES.
John PoLLENFORD, 1483. Coll. Oxon, A. M. 28 June, 1745; B. and D.D. 1766.
Richard Ayle, died Curate about 1524. In 1776, he was presented to the new Vicarage of King-
John Pain, Curate 1553. ston-upon-Thames, co. Surrey ; and resigned that bene-
Hennj Walker, 1558, in which year he willed to be fice in 1778 ;i° and was afterwards Prebendary of
buried in the Chancel of Lower- Winchendon. Rochester. He held this Curacy until his death in
William Marheck occurs Curate 1561. He died in 1790; being succeeded by
1598, JiQCtov oi Grendon-Underu^ood.'^ William Lloyd, of Jesus-College, Oxon; who after
Richard Hinson occurs Curate 1598. having held it about six years, and being also Vicar of
Henry Hanson, 1605. Ayleshury,^^ resigned; and was succeeded by
Tliomas Perrie, 1625.* Robert Holt, A.M 1796. He was of Brasen-
John Thompson, 1634.5 Nose-Coll. Oxon; A.M. 12 May, 1789; also Rector of
Josej)h Bentham held the Curacy in 1650.6 Foscott; and, in 1798, obtained a dispensation to hold
Robert Bradley, stiled Minister 1682. herewith the Rectory of Finmore, co. Oxon. He was
Laurence Kinyford, 1689 ; also Rector of WaddesdonJ also Chaplain to George Nugent-Grenville-Temple Mar-
Francis Frere, or Fryer, 1703; also Curate of quess of Buckingham, K.G. and Domestic Tutor to his
eldest son, now His Grace Richard Nugent-Grenville-
John Rice is called Curate in 1709 and 1713. Chandos-Temple Duke of Buckingham and Chandos,
John Nicholson, 1713 and 1715: resigned on being K. G.i- He died 19 Feb. 1802; and was succeeded by
presented to the Vicarage of Whitchurch, in 1716.9 John Kipliny, A.M. who is the present worthy In-
John Smith occurs 1717 and 1720. cumbent, and likewise Perpetual Curate of Chearsley
Walter Sanders, 1725. and Vicar of Oakley, and in the Commission of the
Michael Robinson, 1729 and 1732. Peace for this County."
James Andreiv, He was of Exeter
THE CHURCH,
which is about ninety feet long, and stands on the north-west side of the highway near the middle of
the village, consists of a nave with a plain parapet, an embattled tower with a demi-octagonal turret
on its south side, a gable-roofed porch, and a chancel, tiled, having on the eastern point and over the
door of the porch a wrought stone, like the basis of a cross. The building is said to belong to the
fourteenth or fifteenth century. On the south side of the nave are two windows with cinquefoil-
1 Hodgson's Account of Augmentations, p. 362. 2 Appendix to Hodgson's Account, Ixxix.
■■! See p. 259. ■* William, son of Thomas Perrie and Cecily his wife, bap. here 25 Nov. 1624. Par. Reg.
5 Mary Thompson, widow, formerly wife of John Thompson, Curate, bur. here 8 Sept. 1656.
6 William Bampton, of PoUicot (in Ashendon) and Mary Bentham, dau. of Joseph Bentham, Clk. Curate of Winchen-
don, nva.v. '27 June, 1650. Par. Regist. 7 See Waddesdon, pp. 497, 502. ^ See page 12 t.
9 See Whitchurch. 1° Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, vol. v. p. 345 n. i' See Aylesbury.
12 Gent. Mag. vol. Ixxii. P. 1. p. 182. 12 Pages 124, 162, 360.
532
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
headed lights ; and in the chancel, two windows on each side, with mullions under obtuse pointed arches ;
in one of which were remains of painted glass, the portrait of a saint, and tabernacle work in very vivid
colours (1825) ; but the whole edifice then in a dismal state of neglect, the roof decayed, the com-
munion-table removed from its place, and made a writing table for the children of a Sunday School
(an old chest and a rude bench serving as their seats) has been since decently repaired.
In the eastern window, on the north side of the nave, are the arms of D'Arc' es, or De Arcubus :
Gu. three semi-circular arches with their pillars, impaling Or. a fess embattled Sable.
In the west window, on the south side, another coat :
Sab. a fess between three boars' heads Arg.
Near the south-east angle, a cavity for a piscina :
In the tower are five bells, and a saint's bell. The font, which stands on the north side
of the nave, is octagonal, large, and plain. The pulpit of the time of King James I. of oak with
carved arches. Over the entrance into the chancel, the Decalogue was painted on the wall, in the
old letter.
The communion plate (consisting of a chalice, flaggon, and salver of silver) was presented in
1770, by Mrs. Jane Beresford.
At the the east end of the chancel is a window of three trefoil-headed lights, with slipped trefoils
in the spandrils, in which are many fragments of coloured glass, and these arms :
1. Tyringham differenced with a crescent, impaling
Goodwyn.
2. Az. a frette Or. Deyvill.
3. Az. three water bougets Arg. Trushit.
4. Gu. ten billets Or. 4. 3. 2. 1. Cowdray.
5. Arg. within a bordure engrailed S. a fess Gu.
JVeston.
6. Arg. two bars Az. over all, on a bend Gu. three
mullets Or. Pabenham.
7. Az. a chevron between three mullets Or. in fess
point a mullet. Chetwynd impaling Tyringham.
On a mural tablet on the south side of the
chancel, a shield with the arms of Tyringham im-
paling a coat, which has been defaced ; and below
it the following inscription, in Roman capitals :
This Monument, erected Anno Domini 1639, in
memory of Thomas Tyringham, sometyme Lord of this
Manore, who died the 23'' of March, Anno Domini
1629; and Elizabeth his wife, who died the 17"' of
October, 1 638. Hee was the youngest Sonne of Thomas
TyTingham, of TjTingham, in the County of Bucks,
Esquier. She was the daughter of Francis Sanders, of
Welford, in the County of Northampton, Esquier. They
lived in marriage nere 51 yeares most lovingly together
in this towne. They had issue 6 Children : Thomas
who married Ellen, the widow of Richard MiDs, Gent.
Parnell married to Christopher Horton, of Catton, in
the County of Darby, Esquier : Elizabeth married to
John Chetwind, of Ridgly, in the County of Stafford,
Esquier, all living. Dorothy deceased Anno 1605;
John deceased at London ; Francis the youngest sonne
yet livinge. The Bodyes of Thomas TjTingham and
Elizabeth his wife, and also of Dorothy the 3d daughter,
are interred at the east end of this Chancill. They
ly\ed and dyed in the Profession of the true Faith of
Jesus Christ.
Although with divers worldly crosses we were tryde,
Thinke, speake not ill for thus we lined and dyed ;
What lot was given to us, what use we on earth have beene
Is by the Reader easy to be scene ;
And now in silent grave we lye, hope yee the best,
God gives his Servants in due time their rest.
On a square slab affixed to the wall below :
In Memory of Francis Tyringham, Esq", and Elizabeth
his Wife. He was the youngest son of Thomas Tyring-
ham, commonly called the elder, and Grandson to Tho-
mas Tyringham, of Tyringham, in the County of Bucks.
She was the eldest daughter of John Chelsham, of King-
ston-upon-Thames, in the County of Surry, Esq^ Clark
of the Jewell House to King Charles the Martyr. They
had issue 7 Children, the two eldest, both sons, died in
their infancie, and lie buried in the north Isle of King-
ston Chancill: Thomas died at London: EHzabeth,
John, Francis, and Jane, yet living. Elizabeth died
Feb> y' 2'', 1682: Francis died Sepf^ 15"', 1684.
Erected March the 10"' Dav, 1697.
NETHER-WINCHENDON.
533
Affixed to a slab in the floor of the chancel is
the effigy, in brass, of a man in plate armour,
with a pointed helmet or cap, gauntlets, plain
skirted doublet, cuirasses, and greaves, a large
sword in a belt which crosses his skirt very low,
pointed spurs, and a lion couchant gardant at his
feet.
On another slab are mutilated effigies of a man
in a gown with a string of beads at his girdle,
and on his left hand, a female with a large hood ;
the head of the man broken off. At their feet :
Neither inscription nor arms remain. Here was
formerly an inscription on a brass in these words :
Hie jacent Johes Hamperotis (or qu.? Hampekons)
Arm. & Isabel], uxor eius quor. aiabs. ppiciet. Deus.'
Whether belonging to this effigy is not exactly
ascertained. The name is very uncommon, and
there is probably some mistake about it. Willis's
autograph is frequently very difficult to be decy-
phered ; and it might almost be conjectured
that this inscription had relation to some of the
Hampdens, who had large estates in the neigh-
bourhood ; but this is not supported by the pedi-
gree of any branch of that distinguished family.
^ic jacet SFoIjes ^Barton alias Oi'ct' f o!)eig Baple
q. obiit ti; Die iHarcij 3" Dni, JHilUa €€€€"■
lXViAni°- tt margateta nxot ei' q^- oMt
Die 3° Dni» f^"- €€€€<>■ quor'
aiabs ppciet De' ame.
On the north side of the chancel is a mural
monument, with the following inscription ."
In Memory of John Tyringham, Esquire, Lord of the
Manor of Nether- Winchendon, eldest son of Francis
Tyringham, Esquire, by Elizabeth Daughter and Heiress
of John Chelsham, of Kingston, in the County of Surry,
Esq^ He died on the 23"' of March, 1705, leaving
issue by Mary his wife, daughter and coheiress of Richard
Winlowe, of Lewknor, in the County of Oxford, Esq',
and formerly of Notley Abbey in this neighbourhood,
one only Daughter, Jane, who was afterwards married to
Wilham Beresford, of Long Leadenham, in Lincolnshire,
Esq^ and was many years Lady of this Manor; which
at her death on 22'* Nov", 1771, passed by her will
to her maternal cousin-german and nearest surviving
relation, Sir Francis Bernard, Baronet. In memory of
whom, and of Dame Amelia his wife, Daughter of Ste-
phen Offley, of Norton Hall, in the County of Derby,
Esq", by Mary sister to John Lord Viscount Barrington,
this Monument is also erected.
1 Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. Oxen. ; also communication from Sir Scrope Bernard-Morland, Bart, in the Minister's
Return in 1828 to a circular Letter addressed by his Grace the Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, to obtain informa-
tion for the Writer of this History.
534
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
He was educated in Westminster College, was after-
wards student of Christ-Church, Oxford, a Bencher of
the Middle Temple, London, Recorder of Boston, in
Lincolnshire, and High Steward of the City of Lincoln.
He was appointed in 1758, Governor of the Province of
New Jersey; and in 1760, of the Province of Massa-
chuset's Bay, in North America, of which last Province
he continued Governor ten years. On his return he re-
sided for a short time in this Parish, but passed the
latter years of his Life at Aylesbury, in this Neighbour-
hood, where he died on the 16"' of June, 1779, and lies
buried with his said wife (who died the jear preceding) in
the Chancel of Aylesbury Church, where tablets are
erected to their memory.
On a shield above the tablet :
Arms : Azure a saltire engrailed Argent : Tyringham
impaling Argent within a bordure engrailed Azure, three
lions' heads coupe at the neck. Gules. Jl'inlowe.
On another shield at tlie bottom :
Quarterly 1 and 4 Argent, a demi-bear sable, muzzled.
Or. -2 and 3 Argent within a bordure engrailed. Azure,
three lions' heads coupe Gules: impaling Argent, a
cross formee flory Gules, between four cro\^•s proper, in
fess point a canton of Ulste?-
On the wall over the entrance into the chancel
is drawn a coat of arms, as in the central compart-
ment of the east window ; being, Tyr'mgluun with
six quarterings, and the crest a talbot's head
erased.
On small pieces of white marble in the floor of
the chancel :
Dorothy Tyringham died in the 1 1 "^' year of her age,
Anno Dom. 1605.
Elizabeth Tpingham dyed in the 80"' year of her age,
Anno Dom. 1638.
John Tyringham, Esq. died ]March y" 28'' 1705.
Francis TjTingbam Esq. ob. y' 8"' of Oct'. 17'27,
rX't. 74.
On a plain stone in the floor of the nave :
He lieth the body of Elizabeth Dewljerry wife of
Edward Dewberry who dyed June y'= 9"' 1743 aged 41
years.
On another :
Here lieth the Ijodj- of Edward Dewberry who dved
Dec', the '25"' 1772 ased 73 vears.
On another :
In memory of Sarah Dewberry who died 28"' May
1780, aged 42.
On another :
In memory of M'^^ Jane Thorp Daughter of M^ Ed-
ward Dewberry who departed this life April the 24"'
1804 aged 86 years.
On an atchievement affixed to the eastern pier
of the nave :
Quarterly 1 and 4 Argent, three bugle horns Azure
mounted and stringed Or : 2 Argent three bendlets
Gules : on a canton of the second a Hon rampant, of the
third : 3 Gules a marshal's staff Argent crowned proper,
and a staff ragule, Or. in saltire.
Crest: on a wreath, a demi stag Argent, armed and
hoofed. Or. between two sprigs with roses Proper.
On plain mural tablets of white marble on the
south side of the nave :
In the vault beneath are deposited the remains of
Susannah, the wife of M^ Thomas Rose of this parish,
who died the IS"" of Nov''. 1778, aged 35 years.
Also of Jane, their second daughter, who having first
married j\Ir. John Parott, and afterwards Mr. Thomas
Tuck, died the 8th of January, 1798, aged 31 years.
Also of John, son of John Rose of Gray's Inn, London,
Gent, second son of the said Thomas and Susannah
Rose, and Ehzabeth his wife, who died the 30th of
March, 1798, aged 8 months.
Also of Catharine, the only child of the said Jane by
her last husband, who died the 13th of July, 1798, aged
2 years and 1 1 months.
Also of i\Iary Lowe, 3 ' daughter of the said Thomas
and Susannah Rose, and wife of William Lowe of the
Middle Temple, London, Gent, who died the 22'' of
December, 1800, aged 29 years.
The remains of Ehzabeth, second wife of the said
Thomas Rose, who died the 24"' of March, 1800, aged
60 years, were, by her own desire, interred near her re-
lations on the south side of the churchyard.
The said Thomas Rose died the 3'' of Feby. 1809,
aged 68 years : and her remains are deposited in the
same vault.
All the sons of the said Thomas and Susannah,
namely, Thomas, John, Richard, William, and Joseph,
and their 4"' and youngest daughter Anne, who married
Mr. Richard Rose, junr. survive them.
Their eldest daughter Elizabeth, who married
Mr. Thomas Randolph, died the 2d of December, 1798,
ased 36 \ears, and was buried at Long Crendon.
OVER-WINCHENDON.
535
In memory of Thomas Rose, eldest son of the late
Thomas and Susannah Rose, who died a Batchelor
the 27"' of September, 1813, aged 49 years.
Anne, youngest daughter of the late Thomas and
Susannah Rose, and widow of Richard Rose, junr.
died 12"' March, 1816, aged 40 years.
William, second son of the said Richard and Anne
Rose, died 15* August, 1804, aged 6 months.
Four children of Joseph Rose (youngest son of the
said Thomas and Susannah Rose) and Louisa his wife,
died in infancy, viz. Harriet Elizabeth 26 April 1805
aged 11 months: Marj^, 5"' December 1805 aged 3
months : Thomas Joseph 16* June 1807 aged 4 months:
Louisa 4* Jany. 1815 aged 6 months.
In the floor of the nave near the west end, was
an ancient sepulchral slab, with a prismatic lid,
lying north and south ; without any inscription.
Affixed to the wall of the west end of the church,
above the gallery, is a clock dial-plate, and below
it a tablet of wood, with this inscription :
This clock was given by the Will of Jane Beresford,
widow. Lady of this Manor ; that it may remind all who
hear it, to spend their time in an honest discharge of
their calling, and in the worship of God, that repentance
may not come too late.
MDCCLXXIJ.
THE REGISTER
begins in 1563; and, besides many entries which have been introduced in the Pedigrees of Tyringham,
Knollys, and others connected with this parish, has numerous records of some of the branches of the
Pigot family, whose name seems to be very generally spelt in these Registers in the manner which dis-
tinguishes the modern line of the Pigotts of Chetwyn and Doddershall.
Elizabeth, dau. of John Pigott, 2 Feb. 1574.
The entries of some of the names of the Tyringham
family appear to have been made with remarkable
minuteness : viz. : —
Mr Thomas Tyringham y'^ sonne of Mr. Anthony
Tyringham, born 28"' Sept. being Wednesday between
the hours of 11 and 12 of the clock of the same day and
was baptised y' 3d day of October next following 1580.
Mrs Pernell Tyringham y' Daughter of Mr. Thomas
T. borne y" S* of March Sunday between 5 and 6
o'clock at night and baptized the 12"' of the same month
1583.
Mr Thomas Tyringham y" son of Mr Thomas Ty-
ringham was borne y* 26"' of June being Satterday
between the howers of tenne and eleven of the clock in
the forenoon and was baptised ye 1" of July next fol-
lowing 1585.
Mrs Elizabeth Tyringham daur of Mr Thomas T.
born 19 Sept Sunday between 12 and 1 o'clock at night
and baptised 23 of the same month 1591.
Mrs Dorot hie Tyringham third daughter of Mr. Thos T.
born 30 Deer. Satterday about 1 o'clock baptised 7 Jany.
following being Sunday 1592.
John son of Thomas Tyringham Esq. born 15 May
Saturday between 3 and 4 o'clock in the morning bap-
tised the 2.3^ of the same month 1596.
Francis son of Thomas Tyringham Esq. born 2'
August Monday between 8 and 9 o'clock in the evening
baptized 22" of the same month 1602.
Baptisms :
Edward, son of William Pigott, bap. 20 March,
1565.
Henry, son of William Pigott, 22 Oct. 1568.
Jane, dau. of Henry Pigott, 2 July, 1 569.
Dyonise Pigott, dau. of William Pigott, 20 Feb.
1570.
Elizabeth, dau. of John Pigott, 2 Feb. 1574.
William and Jane, children of John Pigott, 4 Sept.
1576.
William, son of Thomas Pigott, 3 Feb. 1599.
Cicily, dau. of Edward Pigott, 14 June, 1603.
Elizabeth, dau. of Edward Pigott, Junr. 3 Dec. 1619.
Christopher, son of Edward Pigott and Alice his
wife, 4 Nov. 1624.
Marriages :
Henry Pigott and Alice Phillips, married 24 June
1577.
Thomas Heme and Susanna Pigott, 26 July, 1590.
Thomas Pigott and Jane Wheatley, 29 Nov. 1593.
George Fisher and Joane Pigott, 29 Dec. 1597.
Edward Butterfield and Martha Pigott, 30 May, 1631.
Burials :
Elizabeth, dau. of John Pigott, 2 Feb. 1574.
Jone Pigott, widow, 20 April, 1591,
Ellen, wife of William Pigott, 5 May, 1600.
Ellen, wife of Henry Pigott, 6 Oct, 1619.
Thomas Pigott, 18 Jan. 1625.
Also among the Baptisms occur :
Mary Mayne, dau. of Richd. Mayne, 19 July, 1570.
536 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
OVER OR UPPER-WINCHENDON
probably derived its name from Wychen, springs, and Don, an eminence. Its prefix undoubtedly
was given to distinguish it from Nethcr-Winchendon adjacent. Over-Winchendon is bounded on the
north and east by Waddesdon and the Hamlet of Eythorpe ; on the south, by Nether-Winchendon ;
and on the west, by Ashendon. A brook which runs between the Winchendons, abounds with eels,
roach, dace, pike, and gudgeons ; but the fishery, though considerable in later times, was, at the Domes-
day Survey, described as within the adjoining parish.^
The soil is a clayey loam, with lime-stone in the higher grounds.
This parish was in the possession of the Canons of Oxford before the Conquest, and it was in their
hands at the Norman Survey,
These Canons held under the King, and were taxed at ten hides : having land for nine plough
teams. In the demesne one liide and an half ; two ploughs and eighteen villeins with one bordar had
seven ploughs ; one servant ; pasture for two teams. In the whole, it was then and had been con-
stantly rated at 61. and in the time of King Edward at 8/.'
The boundaries of Winchendon are thus described in an ancient manuscript, containing an account
of the property of St. Frideswide's monastery.'
" Limites Terrm de Wincltendon. — This beth the x hide londe imere into Winchendon erest of Ashullefeswell
into Beri-dyke, of the dyke on Hundrede treve of the treve in twam more, of the more into the hevelonde, of the
hevelonde into twamwell y rythie, of the rythie into Bichenbroke, of that broke into Tame-streme and lange Tame-
streme to Ebbeslade. Of the slade to Merewell; fro Merewell to Rugslawe ; fro the lawe to the foule putte: fi-o
the putte to Rusbroke ; fro Rusbroke to Wottesbroke ; fro Wottesbroke into Ashulfeswell."*
Of these names very few are recognized by the modern inhabitants.
St. Frideswide is said to have been an holy maiden, the daugliter of Didanus, a petty prince, who lived
A.D. 727. She received instruction from Algiva, Abbess of St. Mary's, in Winchester ; and Didanus,
suffering under great grief for the death of Safrida, his wife, endeavoured to divert his melancholy by
erecting and endowing a religious-house in the suburbs of Oxford, where he resided. Accordingly he
there built a church and a monastery, which were placed under the government of Frideswide, with whom
were associated twelve other noble virgins, who also devoted themselves to a monastic life. Algar, a Mer-
cian prince, fell desperately in love with this lady, and determined to carry her off by stratagem, but was
prevented by miraculous interference : for this Holy Virgin, being warned of her danger by a vision,
withdrew privately by water to the village of Binton, (two miles from Oxford) and concealed herself
in a hut in the wood there. Algar, thus disappointed, vowed revenge, and threatened to destroy
I See page 514.
■ Terra Canonicor. Oxenford. In Esseden Hvnd.— Canokici de Oxenford ten'de rege WiTcnESDE. p. x. hid se defdt.
Tra' e ix. car. In dnio una hida et dim. et ibi sunt. ii. car. et xviii. uilli cii uno bord. hnt vii. car. Ibi. i seruus ptu.
II. car. In totis ualcnt ual et ualuit. vi. lib. T. R. E. viii. lib. Hoc. 00 jacuit et jacet in dnio wcclce canonicor. de Ox-
enford. [Lib. Censual. vol. i. f. 146.]
3 MS. formerly in the possession of Gerard Langbane, D.D. Provost of Queen's Coll. Oxon, in 16.5'2
♦ Dugd. Monast. vol. ii. p. 144.
OVER-WINCHENDON. 537
Oxford, if the inhabitants refused to discover the retreat of Frideswide : whereupon (as the legend
relates) he was struck blind. Being then convinced of his offence, he desisted from his pursuit, and
implored the prayers of the lady for the recovery of his sight. Frideswide consented : the prince was
restored to his former condition, and departed — whither is not said ; nor whether he acknowledged
the benefit by any donation to the convent. Frideswide continued in her retreat three years longer :
afterwards returned to Oxford, and fixed her abode in the suburbs at Thombery, (qu. Thamebury)
since called Binsey, where she built an oratory, and procured by her prayers, a salubrious spring or
well, which afterwards was the resort of religious persons : its celebrity continuing through many ages;
even at present not being wholly forgotten. Frideswide is said to have died in 735, and to have
been buried in the church of the monastery called, as Twyne says, the church of the Holy Trinity ;
but according to other authorities, cited by Lelaud, the church of St. Mary and All Saints, before-
mentioned. She was canonized, and the monastery over which she had presided was called by her
name. William of Malmesbury describes her as the daughter of a King : and John of Tineraouth
says, that she was " filia Didani subreguli et Safridas :" but without farther information respecting
her family. That defect is supplied by a Register of Oseney, which expressly mentions, that Didanus
was " King of Oxenford," and that he reigned about twenty-six years from the year of Christ 700.'
The monastery dedicated to this saint, whose miracles are fully recorded by divers writers," received
benefactions of lands in this county at an early period.
King Henry I. granted to the Prior and Canons Regular of St. Frideswide's, in Oxford, a particular
confirmation of the whole vill of Winchendon, with all its appurtenances, to hold the same for ever,
free from all secular services, &c.^
In another confirmation by Pope Adrian, in the reign of King Stephen, St. Frideswide's Monastery
held " Over-Winchendon, with the Chapel there and all its appurtenances."^ The Town and Church
of Winchendon, as belonging to St. Frideswide's, are mentioned in the Charter Rolls of King John f
and Winchendon was included amongst the forfeited lands of the Normans, in 1204, and stated to have
been in the hands of Robert de Brencourt, in King John's Charter, recited in an Inspeximus of Henry V.''
In 1291, at Pope Nicholas's Taxation, the Prior of St. Frideswide's held in lands and rents here
SI. 17s. 7c?. and in fruits, flocks, and other goods and chattels, 1/. 3s. id. per annJ
1 Vitellius F. xvi. fol. 4. b. in Bibloth. Cotton in Musseo Britan.
« Capgrave's Nova. Legenda Angliae. ; Britannia Sancta ; Butler's Lives of the Saints ; Alford's Annals of the Church,
&c. cited in Monastican Anglic, vol. ii.
s Henricus Dei gratia Rex Anglise omnibus fidelibus suis Francis et Anglis. Salutem. Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse
Priori et Canonicis regularibus Ecclesise Sanctae Frideswidae de Oxonia Monasterium Preeterea dedi dictis Priori
et Canonicis totani villam de Winchedon cum pertinentiis suis &c. Quare volo et concedo quod prjedictus Prior et
Canonici regulares habeant et teneant imperpetuum &c ab orani servitio saeculari quietam et solutam imperpetuum.
[Extract. Cart. Hen. I. Regis, in Regist. Monast. 8°=. Frideswidae Oxon. in Biblioth. Ch. Ch. remanente Anno 1642. p. 27 1 ;
Monast. Anglic, vol. ii. p. 145.]
4 Ibid. 5 Cal. Rot. Cart. n°. 93, p. 4.
6 Rot'. Norman' de Anno 6'°. Reg. Johis de terris Normannorum. Wichendon terr' Robti de Brencourt. 40.
" Johannes Dei gratia rex Angliae, dominus Hiberniae dux Normanniae et Aquitaniae et comes Andegaviae, Archiepisco-
pis &c. Salutem. Sciatis nos concessisse et praesenti charta nostra Deo et Ecclesiae Sanctae Frideswidae Oxon, et canonicis
ibidem Deo servientibus confirmasse ecclesiam Sanctae Frideswidae in Oxon &c et extra Villam de Winchedon
cum pertinentiis suis et ecclesiam ejusdem villae. &c. Ha^c omnia praedicta et omnes alias donationes quae prsedictis cano-
nicis rationabiliter factae sunt, eis concedimus et confirmamus in liberam et perpetuam elemosinam, cum omnibus pertinen-
tiis &c. et liberlatibus suis sicut cartse donatorum rationabiliter testantur. Quare volumus &c. Testibus R. EpiscopoS.
Andreje, Hugone de Gornaae, Willielmo de Rupibus, Warino deGlapton, Petro de Pratell, Hugone de Chaucomb. Datum
per manum Simonis Wellensis archidiaconi, et Johannis de Grey apud Cenomanium, vigesimo none die Septembris regiii
anno primo." — [Carta Regis Johannis. Pat. 5 Hen. V. m. 3. per Inspex. and Monast. Anglic, vol. ii. p. 148.]
7 Taxat. P. Nic. 4, p. 46.
VOL. I. ' 3 z '
538 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
The Manor and Estate wore successively in the possession of the following
PRIORS OF ST. KRIDESWIDE S.
GuYJMLNDus, first Prlor, Chaplain to King Edward I.
said to have died in 1141.
Bobert de Cricklade, alias Canutus, 1157; Chancellor
of Oxford, 1139.
Philip, 1180 and 1188; said to have compiled an
account of the Miracles of St. Frideswide, now in the
Bodleian Library.
John, 1191.
m 1-204.'
Simon, 1219 and 1227.
Helyas, or Elias, one of the Canons, admitted Prior
20 July, 1228.
E. Scotus, deprived in 12.35; was succeeded by
William de Gloucester, late Cellerer of Dunstable ;
called also Will, de Sa7icto Aldato," but Dr. Hutton
places in his room
Walter de Crokeslcij, 19 Sept. 12.35.
Gilbert, Sub- Prior, elected Prior 17 Oct. 1235.
Robert de Weston, .3 June, 1248; but he is also said
to have succeeded Prior William, and to have been fol-
lowed by
Robert, or John de Olney, 28 July, 1259; who died
in 1278.
John Oysylvcr, recorded to have been approved by
the King, 1 Oct. 1278; and supposed by WiUis, to
have been John de Lewknor; was killed circ. 1284, in
tumult by " a certain Clerk, called John de Deryington."
Robert de Weston again occurs, and is supposed by
Bishop Tanner, to have been Robert de Ewelme, 3 Feb.
1284; resigned (according to WiUis) in 1291.
Alexander de Sutton, admitted 29 April, 1294; died
in 1316.
Robert de Dorveston, or (as Willis says) Torneston,'
admitted 30 Aug. 1316 ; was succeeded at his death, by
John de Littlcmore, or Lyttlemore, who had the Tem-
porahties restored 2 Feb. 1338; and was succeeded by
Nicholas de Hungerford, 11 May, 1349: on whose
resignation
John de Wallinr/ford was elected ; and he resigning,
was succeeded by
John Dudeford, or Dadeford, 1373; who, at his
death, was succeeded by
Thomas Brudenell, in Dec. confirmed 23 May, 1391.
Richard de Oxenford, 1401 or 1409.
Edmond Andever, 8 June, 1434.
Robert was Prior before 1441 ; and, in 1454 and
1456, occurs as Robert Downham.
George Norton, occurs in 1475 and 1479.
Richard TValher, Canon of St. Augustine's, Bristol,
elected 1480.*
Thomas Ware, admitted 6 Jan. 1496.
William Chedill, elected 6 June, 1501 ; and on his
resignation
John Burton, Sub-Prior, was elected and confirmed
8 April, 1513. In 1518 he commenced LL.B. and
was afterwards LL. D.
In the reign of Edward I. the Prior of St. Frideswide's was called upon by Quo Warranto, respect-
ing his claim of frankpledge and waifs in Winchendon ; and to shew his right of exemption from suits
of Courts and Hundreds, Sheriff's aids and tolls, without special licence of the King.
And the Prior, by Thomas de Frisburgh, his attorney, answered, that he claimed frankpledge and
waifs, by reason of immemorial enjoyment of those liberties by his predecessors ; that Winchendon
was an ancient demense of the King ; that King John, grandfather of the reigning Monarch, granted
by his charter, to God, and the Clmrch of St. Frideswide, and to the Canons there serving God, the
town of Wychendon with its appurtenances, in free and pure alms, with all their liberties, free cus-
toms and immunities, sac, sac, thai and theam, infang-thef and oiitfang-thef, and to be quit of
(jeld and danegeld, Shires and Hundreds, and their suits, and of Sheriffs and services, street-wards,
and all secular services, exactations, toll, &c. ; and in proof, submitted a Charter, under the hand
of Simon, Archdeacon of Wells, and John de Gray,'' and confirmed by King Henry HI. as certified
under the hand of the Reverend Father R. Bishop of Chichester his Chancellor, at Westminster,
> Ant. a Wood's MSS. ^ Annales de Dunstable ; Willis's and Rennet's MSS.
••' Qu ? Turweston. ■♦ Willis's Hist, of Mitred Abbies, vol. ii. pp. 185, 186.
^ Prior See Frideswyde de Oxon' sum' fuit ad respond Dfio Regi de plo. quo waro clam' here, visum francipleg' et weyf
OVER-WINCHENDON. 539
28 Feb. 1227 : and farther averred, that the whole vill is of his fee ; that he holds his view once in
every year, viz. : after the Feast of Easter, and without service to the King ; admitted that he has a
tumbrel and gallows there, but no pillory ; and that he claims waifs within his fee.
Gilbert de Thornton, for the King, replied, that in the Charter produced, these liberties were not
mentioned, and that long possession could not be pleaded against the rights of the Crown, &c. and
prayed judgement. This suit was protracted through many subsequent terms, and at length the said
liberties were seized into the hands of the King ; but in Easter term, 17 Ed. I. Thomas de Riseburgh,
Canon of St. Frideswide's, having tendered to the King, in his Court, one mark to hold the said liber-
ties, it was accepted by Peter de Wilgby.'
In 1371 (46 Ed. III.) a view of frankpledge in Winchendon was held on Saturday next after the
feast of the Holy Trinity, before John Baldyngton the elder, upon tlje oaths of twelve men (whose
names are expressed in the Inquisition) who returned, that Emma Grok, on the eve of the Nativity
of St. John Baptist, in the forty-fifth year of the reign of the said King, did break and enter the
dwelling-house of John atte Welle, in Over Wynchendon, and there nineteen marks belonging to the
said John did feloniously steal, &c. Dated at Winchendon, &c. so that vexatious and prolonged
law-suits seem to have been of common occurrence, even at an early period of our annals ; and the
record of this Inquisition for felony, is also a proof of furtive dispositions being then also prevalent
here. Upon this occssion" a dispute arose, whether the felonious goods, as wayf, were forfeited to the
de Wynchedon' que ad Dnm Regem et Coronam suatn <^tinent. Et quo wafo clam' esse quietus de sectis com' et
hundror auxilio Vic' et theolonio sine lie' et voluntate Diii Regis vel p'dec' suor Regum Angl' &c.
Et Prior ^ frem Thorn' de Frisburg' attorn' suum venit et dicit qd clam' here visum fracipleg' et weif eo waro' qd ipe'
et p'decessores sui a tempe' quo non extat memoria semp' extiterunt in seisina de p'dcis lib'tatibs. Et dicit qd villa de
Wynchedon' est de antiquo Dnico Corone Dni Regis. Dicit etiam qd Dns Johes Rex avus Dni Regis nunc concessit et
carta sua confirmavit Deo et ecclie See Frideswyde Oxon' et Canonicis ibidem Deo s'vientibs villam de Wynchedon' cu
■^tin suis in liberam puram elemosinam cum omibs libtatibs et liberis consuetudinibs' et quietanciis suis cum soka et saka
et thol et theam infangenthef utfangenthef. Et qd sint quieti de geldis et danegeld. de shiriset hundris' et de sectis schirs'
et hundror & aux' Vic' et servientum eor et de stretward et de omni secular! s'vicio et exaccoe. Et qd sunt liberi et quieti
ab omni theolonio per confirmacoem suam qua :|?-fert et que. hoc testatur. Dat. ^ manu Simonis Wellens' Archid. et Johis
de Gray apd Cenom' xxix die Septembr' anno regni sui primo, quam quidem confirmacoem Dns Henr' pat' Dni Regis
nunc inspexit et confirmavit. Dat' ^ manu venerabil pris R. Cicestr' Epi Cancell sui apd Westm. xxviiij die Febr' annor' sui
duodecimo. Et dicit qd clam here p'dem visum de omnibs comorantibs in p'dca villa de Wynchedon. Et dicit qd tota
villa de Wynchedon est de feodo suo. Et nichil dat Dno Regi <^ p'dco visu hfido. Et tenet visum suu' semel tm in
annu videlt' post Pasch' et hoc sine p'sentia P'venitis Regis. Dicit etiam qd het tumberelu furcas ibidem sed non pillor'.
Et dicit qd clam' here' weif inventum infra feodum in p'dca villa &c.
Et Gilbs de Thorenton qui sequitur ^ Dno Rege dicit qd in p'dca carta non continetur expresse qd possit here hujus
libertates. Nee etiam aliqua longa seisina contra ea quiE ^'tinens ad Coronam et dignitatem Dni Regis valere debet, unde
petit judicium ^ Rege &c. Postea a die Sci Mich, in xv dies anno xiiij" venit p'dcus Prior ^ attorn' suu. Et quia judm
nondum fem est datus est dies a die Pasch' in xv dies in Scaccio &c. Postea a die Sci Mich in unam mensem anno xv°.
que die huit ^eoem ^clam' venit p'des Prior ^ attorn' suu. Et datus est ei dies a die Pasch' in xv dies. Ad que. die
non venit p'dcs Prior neqr sequebatur lib'tates p'dcus 4f ut illus in itinere clam'. lo p'dce lib'tates capiantur in man' Dni
Regis. Postea a die Pasch' in xv dies anno xvij". venit quidam Thomas de Riseberg' Canonicus ejusdem Domus et offert
Regi j. m. ^ hnd lib'tatibs suis ^ pi'. Et recipitur <^ P. de Wilgby. Et datus est ei dies in Octob' Sci Michis &c.
[Rot. 5 d. page 93.] i Rot. Glaus. 5 d. p. 93.
- Inquisicio capta apud Wynchendon ad visum Franciplegi tantum ibidem die Sabbati proxime post festum S.Trinitalis
anno regni Edwardi tercii post conquestum Angliae xlvi coram Johanne Baldyngdon seniore ibidem per sacramentum
Ricardi Hirdewyk, Johannis Blakgrove, Hugonis West, Johannis Elys, Walteri Pridehume, Walteri Vale, Ricardi Deryng,
Johannis Taylor, Henrici Jordan, Stephani Picotte, Willielmi Brette, et Roberti Godfray, qui dicunt super sacramentum
suum, quod Emma Grok in vigilia nativitatis S. Johannis Baptiste anno regni Regis supradicti quadragesimo quinto,
domum Johannis Attewelle in Over Wynchendon fregit et xix marcas dicti Johannis Attewell ibidem inventas felonice
furata fuit. In cujus rei testimonium predicti jurati precentibus sigilla sua apposuerunt. Dat. apud Over Wynchendon
die Sabbati predicto anno.
540 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
King, or to tlie Prior and Canons of St. Frideswide's, being Lords of the Manor : and after an assize
they were adjudged to the latter.^
In 1346 (20 Ed. III.) a fine passed between Richard de Frankelyn and Agnes his wife, and Hugh
Robyn, of Over-Wynchyndon, of messuages and lands in Over-Wynchyndon, Bychyndon, and Wot-
tesden, the riglit of Hugh, who granted them to the said Richard and Agnes, and the heirs of
Richard .-
In 1374 (48 Ed. III.) a writ of inquiry was made respecting tlie damages to the King, by the Prior
and Convent having repossessed themselves of three acres of land, &c. which the Prior had bought of
Richard Blackstone, for himself and his successors, without license.^
In 1384 (8 Ric. II.) a fine passed of messuages and lands in Over-Wynchendon between John
Coupere, of Wodesdon, and Richard Blackston and Isolda his wife, of Over-Winchendon, and John
Killesby and Maud his wife, of Winkefield.
In the time of Edward III. the assessors of the ninths in this parish (which were rated at eight and
a half marks), were John Travers, John Robyn, Walter le Longe, Robert Prodome, Peter Aleyn, and
Thomas Parsone, who returned that the amount could not be estimated at more than ten marks,
because there were few sheep and lambs there ; the beans and peas for the most part deficient by
reason of the remarkable dryness of the season ; and that there were no merchants or cattle-dealers in
the parish : but the ninths were sold for fifteen marks.*
In a Register of St. Frideswide's, in the Chapter-house of Christ-Church, are instruments relative
to the ancient possessions of the Monastery in Dodford, Bernwode (with a perambulation of the Forest)
Oakley, Wormenhall, Ickford, and Winchcndon. '
The estates of St. Frideswide's, at the dissolution of Monasteries, came to the Crown ; and in
1525, King Henry VIII. granted this Manor, Advowson, and Rectory, with all their ancient rights
and privileges, to Cardinal Wolsey, his heirs and assigns, to hold by fealty.'^ In 1526, a fine was
passed of the Manor, 300 acres of land, 100 of meadow, 200 of pasture, 100 of wood, and 100 shillings
rents in Over-Winchendon, Wormenhall, Oakley, Brill, and Boarstall, &c. between the Dean and
Canons of the College of Thomas Wolsey, Cardinal of York, in Oxford, and the said Thomas Arch-
bishop of York, Bishop of Durham, and Commendator of the Monastery of St. Albans ; but when the
disgrace of the Cardinal occasioned his college to be new-modelled, the King resumed his grant, and
the estate was assigned to John Goodwyn, Esq. of Wooburn, co. Bucks, who held it under the Crown
with his other lands,^ and died 11th May, 1558; and this Manor of Over-Winchendon^ successively
descended to his son John Goodwyn, and Francis Goodwyn his grandson," who was chosen a Knight for
this shire in the 28th and 39th of Elizabeth, and 1st and 18th of James I. and was High Sheriff in 21st
of James, who knighted him ; but he became more conspicuous in consequence of the dispute which
happened upon his election to be a Knight for this shire; for the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery
having objected to the return, and a second writ being thereupon issued. Sir John Fortescue was chosen in
his place; whereupon the House of Commons, after some debate, and hearing Sir Francis Goodwyn's own
' Memorand. quod dicte xix niarce seisite fuerunt ibidem tanquam Wayf in manum Prioris ut de antiqua consuetudine
fieri consuevit &c. Escaetor Domini Regis in Com. Buck, capta prius inquisitione de predicto latrocinio dictas xix
marcas levare voluit, unde oves boves et alia predict! manerii averia ab inde fugavit et pro dictis xix marcis habendis
penes se detinuit— unde breve &c. et post assisam habitam predictis Priori etConventui adjudicate fuerunt. [Ex Chartul.
S. Frideswid. MS. p. 186 ; Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 151.]
2 Rot. Fin. Buck. 3 juquis. ad quod Damn. 48 Ed. III. Cal. p. 341. ' Inquis. Nonar. p. 339.
= Monast. Anglic, vol. ii. p. 142. n. ; see also p. 277. 6 Rot. Pat. 17 Hen. VIII. Test. 1 July.
7 Rot. Pat. 31 Hen. VIII. Test. 9 April. s Lysons's Mag. Brit. vol. i. p. G64.
0 See WooBuaN and Pedigree of Goodwyn. i" Ibid.
OVER-WINCHENDON. 541
statement, resolved, that he having been ImvfuUy elected and returned under the former writ, oiiglu to
he received; and the Clerk of the Crown was ordered to file the indenture, upon which Sir Francis took the
oath of supremacy and his place, 23 March, 1603. But, within a few days, the House of Lords took
up the business, and a conference was proposed, to which the Commons objected, on account of their
privilege. The Lords thereupon, by Sir Edward Coke, Attorney-General, and other messengers, in-
formed the Commons that the King having been acquainted with the circumstances, conceived his
Highness engaged in honour to have some conference between the two Houses, and had signified his
pleasure thereupon ; and the Commons, on considering this extraordinary message, resolved to solicit
an audience, and received the King's commands to attend at Whitehall, at eight o'clock the next
morning. On the 28th of March, the Speaker, with a numerous Committee, waited upon the King,
and stated that a supposed outlawry had been made the cause of objection to the first return of Sir
Francis Goodwyn, but was not to be determined upon by the Sheriff. The King was pleased to reply,
that " He was loth to he forced to alter his tone, and should change it into matter of grief, comparing
the dispute to the murmuring of the people of Israel ; that he was indifferent whether Fortescue or
Goodwyn were chosen ; had no intention to impeach their privilege ; but that since they derived all
matters of privilege from him and hg his grant, he expected they should not be turned against him."
His Majesty took notice that there was no precedent suitable to the case ; and observed, that " pre-
cedents in the times of minors, tyrants, women, and simple kings, were not to be regarded, but that
all returns being made into Chancery, were to be corrected and reformed by that Court only ; that in
35 Hen. VL it was the resolution of all the judges, that outlawry was a sufficient cause for dismission
of any member of that house ; that the Judges have now resolved that Sir Francis Goodwyn stands
outlawed ;" and the King, in conclusion, charged the Commons that the course taken be truly reported,
the matter debated, the House confer with the Judges, and make report of all their proceedings to
the King's Council.
On the next day very long debates ensued ; and a committee was appointed to state in writing the
reasons of their former resolution. On the 2d of April, another committee was appointed to examine
the sheriff of Bucks (Sir William Willoughby, of Marlow, or qu ? Sir F. Cheney) who, in answer to
an interrogatory why he removed the county from Aylesbury to Brickhill, replied, " that it was by
reason of the plague at Aylesbury, on the 25th of January, when three persons lay dead of that disease
there. He was asked if he were present at the first election ? and answered that he was ; and as sin-
cerely wished the second place to Sir Francis Goodwyn, as the first to Sir John Fortescue : that he
sent Sir Francis Goodwyn word before the election he need not bring any freeholders, for he thought
the election would be without scruple for them both ; first for Sir John, secondly for Sir Francis :
that he came to Brickhill about eight o'clock ; and jointly propounded Sir John Fortescue and Sir
Francis Goodwyn. The freeholders cried first " a Goodwyn ! a Goodwyn !" Every Justice of the Peace
on the Bench, said " a Fortescue ! a Fortescue !" and came down from the Bench before they named any
for a second place, and desired the freeholders to name Sir John Fortescue for the first. Sir Fi'ancis
Goodwyn, being in a chamber near, was sent for by the sheriff and justices, and coming down, earnestly
persuaded the freeholders, saying, that Sir John was his good friend, had been his father's friend, and
begged them not to do Sir John such an injury as to place himself first on the list : notwithstanding
which, the freeholders persisted in their choice, about sixty voices declaring for Fortescue, and two or
three hundred for Goodwyn : that he, the sheriff, thought Sir Francis Goodwyn dealt very plainly
and earnestly in this matter for and towards Sir John Fortescue. He was then asked, " who induced
him to make the return so long before the meeting of Parliament ?" and he said, that Mr. Attorney
General, on the second of March, delivered to him in the Inner Temple, London, two writs of outlawry
against Sir Francis Qoodwyn ; and that before he made his return, he went out and advised with
542 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Mr. Attorney respecting it, and that the latter himself penned the return on Friday, after the King s
coming through London, near the Lord Chancellor's gate, in the presence of Sir John Fortescue : that
he delivered the writ to Sir George Coppin (clerk of the Crown in Chancery), and before they parted.
Sir John Fortescue delivered to him the second writ sealed.
After some remarks the House refused a conference with the Judges, and on the following day
addressed the King at considerable length, and Sir Francis Bacon delivered that address to the Lords'
Committee. On the 5th, the Speaker (having by command attended the King at eight in the morn-
ing) informed the House that his Majesty had received a parchment from the House, but whether it
were an absolute resolution or reason to give him satisfaction he knew not ; he thought it was rather
intended to give him satisfaction. His Majesty protested, by the love which he bare to the House as
his loving and loyal subjects, and by the faith he owed to God, he had as great a desire to maintain
these privileges as ever any prince had, or as themselves. He had seen and considered the manner
and the matter, had heard his judges and counsel, and was now distracted in judgement ; therefore for
his further satisfaction, desired and commanded as an absolute King, that there might be a conference
between the House and the Judges, and a select committee appointed of grave and learned persons ;
that his Council might be present, not as umpires to decide, but to report indifferently on both sides.
After a short debate, the House consented to confer with the Judges in the presence of the King and
Council, and a select committee was named, including a majority of lawyers, amongst whom were five
Serjeants, besides Sir Thomas Hesketh, Sir Francis Bacon, the Recorder of London, and many other
members of great learning and ability, who were instructed to insist upon explaining the reasons and
answers before given to the King, and not to proceed to any other argument or answer.
On the 1 1th, after some demur, Sir Francis Bacon being called upon, made a report of that which had
passed at the conference, which was very extraordinary ; for he represented that the King said, " He
would he President himself : that this attendance reneired the remembrance of the last, when llieij had
departed with such admiration. It was the voice of God in man — the good spirit of God in the mouth
of man. I do not sag, the voice of God and not of man. I am not one of Herod's fatierers. A curse
fell upon him that said it ; a curse on him that suffered it," with much more of the like fulsome adula-
tion ; and then proceeded to repeat the King's quaint, disjointed, pedantic speech, ending with a pro-
posal that neither Sir John Fortescue nor Sir Francis Goodwyn might have place, and observing that
as Sir John would thus lose his seat, his Majesty did meet the House half way.
On the next day a Committee was appointed to attend the King, with the Speaker, to return thanks
for his Majesty's gracious presence and direction ; which being done, and the King in return having
thanked the Commons for their loyalty, a writ was ordered for a new election of a Knight for Bucks
in the usual form ;' but before the writ was issued, the following letter was addressed to the Speaker
by Sir Francis Goodwyn, expressing his consent to the measure determined upon, and submitting him-
self to the pleasure of the House in the expedient proposed for reconciling their difference with the King :
" Sir, — I am heartily sorry to have been the least occasion either of question between His Majesty and that Honourable
House, or of interruption to those worthy and weighty causes which, by this time, in all likelihood, had been in a very
i;ood furtherance : wherefore understanding very creditably that it pleased His Majesty when the Committee last attended
him to take course with them for a third writ and election for the Knightship of the County of Buckingham, I am so far
from giving any impediment thereto, that, contrariwise, I humbly desire His Majesty's direction in that behalf to be ac-
complished and performed. So praying you, according to such opportunity as will be ministered, to give furtherance
thereunto, I take my leave, and rest,
" Your's most assured, to be commanded,
" West, this xxth of April, 1604. " Fra. Goodwyn.
" Directed to the Right Worshipful Sir Edw. Phelips, Knt., Speaker of the Hon. Court of Parliament."
> Commons' Journals ; and Case between Sir F. Goodwyn and Sir J. Fortescue, Lond. fol. 1704.
OVER-WINCHENDOM. 543
The warrant for the new election was as follows :
" Whereas the Right Honourable Sir John Fortescue, Knight, Chancellor of his Majesty's Dutchy of Lancaster, and Sir
Francis Goodwyn, Knight, have been severally elected and returned Knights of the Shire for the County of Bucks to serve
in this present Parliament : upon deliberate consideration, and for some special causes moving the Commons' House of
Parliament, it is this day Ordered and Required by the said House that a writ be forthwith awarded for a new election of
another Knight for the said Shire ; and this shall be your warrant.
" Directed to my very loving friend. Sir George Coppin, Knight, Clerk of the Crown in His Majesty's High Court of
Chancery."
In 1623 (21 Jac. I.) the King by patent granted to Francis Goodwyn, in consideration of 71^. and
other causes, the Manor of Over-Winchendon with its appurtenances ; the mansion-house there, with
messuages, lands, and tenements ; also the Rectory and Church, with the Patronage, Advowson,
Nomination, and Presentation, and all Tenths great and small to the Rectory, Church, and Advow-
son ; and the Advowson and Patronage of the Vicarage belonging, being of the value of 23Z. 13s. 'id.
per annum, excepting the Manor of Winchendon, to the late dissolved Monastery or Priory of
Notley formerly belonging ; habend. to Francis Goodwyn, his heirs and assigns for ever, as of the
Manor of East-Greenwich, by fealty.'
On the decease of Sir Francis Goodwyn in 1634, his estates descended to Arthur Goodwyn, Esq. his
surviving son and heir, whose sole daughter and heiress, Jane Goodwyn," carried this estate in mar-
riage to Philip, fourth Lord Wharton, being his second wife.
His Lordship was descended from a family in the north of England, of great splendour and antiquity,
and his alliances and descendants are shown in the annexed Pedigree.
PEDIGREE OF WHARTON, of WINCHENDON and WOOBURN.
From an authenticated Family Pedigree in the possession of John Wharton, Esq. of Skelton Castle ; Dugdale's Baronetage ; Willis's, Cole's, and Dela-
Held's MSS. ; Lysons's Magn. Brit. ; Langley's Desborough Hundred ; Parochial Registers of Winchendon, Wooburn, &c. ; Hutchinson's Hist, of Cum-
berland ; Graves's Hist, of Cleveland, &c.
Arms : Sable a maunch Arg. within a bordure Or. charged with eight pairs of lion's Gambs erased saltirewise, Gules. Supporters dext. a Bull ramp. Arg.
armed Or. collared Ducally per pale Gu. and Or. Sinister a lion ramp. Gu. frette Or. Creu, a bull's head as in the Arms. Motto, Piaisiren Faits
D'Armes. The bordure with its charges being an honourable augmentation (by grant from King Edward 6) to the Arms of Thomas first Lord Wharton,
upon his successful military achievements at the battle of Solway-JMoss.
1 the River Eden, in Kirkby-Stephen, co.=pElizabeth , dau. of Sir James Musgrave, Knt. of Harola Castle, co.
Thomas Wharton, of=p dau. of Ancestors of Wharton, of Skelton Castle, co. York, descended from the Halls
Wharton Castle, co. Lowther, of Low- of Skelton Castle, and Stevensons of Byerstede, co. Durham ; and from Catharine,
Westmoreland ther. eld. dau. of John Trotter, Esq. of Skelton Castle. John Hall Stevenson, Esq. M. P.
for Beverley, of Skelton Castle, by Royal Sign Manual, 3 May, 28 Geo. 3, was au-
thorised to assume the surname of Wharton only, and no other ; and to bear the arms
of Wharton eacmp/i/icd accordingly, by Patent, 5 June, 28 Geo. 3., instead of
the name of John Hall Stevenson, and the arms previously borne by him ; and mar.
Susan Mary Anne, 2d dau. of General John Lambton, of Lambton, co. Durham,
aunt of John Karl of Durham, by special license, 1790 ; s. p. m. [Graves's Hist,
of Cleveland, p. 355.]
Henry Wharton.=pAhce, dau. of Sir John Conyers, Knt. of Hornby, co. York.
Thomas Wharton, of Wharton, eldest son and hr.=pAGNEs, dau. of Reginald Warcop, or Warcupp, Esq. of Swerdale or Smersdale, co. Westmoreland.
Eleanor, dau. of Sir=pSiR Thomas Wharton, Knt. Gov. of Carlisle, 33 Hen. 8 ; Warden of the West=ANNE Talbot, 2d Jojne, mar.to John
Brj-an Stapleton, Knt.
of WighiU. CO. York:
bur. at Kirkby Stephen.
[Pedig. signed by Sir
Isaac Heard.]
Marches, 1 Ed. 6 ; of the .Aliddle Marches 30 July, 2 and 3 Phil, and Mary ; of all dau. of George, 4th Tuthorpe, of Hip-
the aiarches, 16 Dee ; Gov. of Berwick 4 Phil, and Mary : summoned to Pari, as Earl of Shrewsbury, peswell.
a Baron, 1 Ed. 6 : ob. 23 Aug. 1568 : bur. at Kirkby Stephen. relict of John Lord Florence, mar. t(
Bray: ob Thos. Forster, o
s. p. bur. at Kirkby Etherston, co.
Stephen. [Harl. Xorthumb.sedqu.
^ Rot. Pat. 21 Jac. I. Test. 24 May. The writer of this History gives the record as he finds it, but it is diflScult to
concile it with the inquisition taken at the death of the grantee. " See Pedigree of Goodwyn.
5U
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Thomas, 2.1 Lord Whar
ton, b. 1520; ob. 1571
Earl of Sus:
lily Pedig.]
dau. 2
SiH
H
,NRy=y
ex.
Wi
AU
rON,
Kn
i.Taxe, dau. and hr. of
Sir Thomas iVIauli-
verer.Knt. of AUerton-
IMauliverer, co. York :
mar. 2dly to Robert
Lord Ogle.
Pennington, Esq. of Muncaster,
JoANE, mar. to W
CO. Cumberland.
Anne, or Agnes, mar. to Sir Richard Musgrave, Knt. of
Harcla-Castle, co. ^Vestmoreland, son of Sir William Mus-
grave, Knt.
FnANCEs, (qu?) mar. to Thos. Forster, Esq. of Etherston,
CO. Northumberland. [Xot mentioned by Dugdale.]
berland : ob. 1592.
Pmur, 3d Lord VVhar.=
ton, b. 1554 ; of the
Univer. of Camb. 1572:
d. 1625: bur. at He-
laugh, CO. York.
=Di)uoTiiv, dau. aud hr. of .... Marv, mar. to Roger Gower,
.... Colby, of Layer-Marney, Esq. of Heuham, co. York.
CO. Essex, relict of John Tet- Anne, mar. to Will. Wolrich,
worth, and of Sir Era. Wil- Esq. of (qu ?) co. Sussex,
loughby.
Sir George Wharton,^Axne Manners, 2. Si a Tiir
K.B. slain in a duel by dau. of John Earl lov, K
Sir Jas. Stewart, Knt. of Rutland. April,
eld. son of Walter Lord (1622)
Blantyre, 8 Nov. 1609 ; Easby,
Whar-=j=Philadelphli Ca
Margaret, mar. to Edward Lord Wotton.
Ei.EANOR, mar. to William Thwayte, Esq. of Long-
JMarston, co. York.
Frances, mar. to Sir Ric. Musgrave, K.B. and
Bart, of Eden Hall. co. Cumberland.
Sir Rowland Wan-
desford, Knt. of Pick-
hill, co. York, Attor-
ney of the Court of
Wards.
2. Jane, dau. and hr.:
of Arthur Goodwyn,
Esq. of Upper- Win-
chendon : bap. at
Wooburn, 28 Feb.
1618 : mar. 7 Sept.
1637 : ob. 2 April,
1658: bur. 23d at
Wooburn.
LordWharton :
b. 1613 : ob.
5 Feb. 1695:
bur. 12 Feb. at
Wooburn.
fourth=p3. Anne, dau. of Will. Can
Bedchamber to K. Jac. 1.
relict of Edw. Popham,
Esq. ob. 26 May, 1692 :
bur. 17 Aug. at Woo-
burn.
Sir Thomas Whaii-
TON. K.B. of Ld
lington, CO. York,
2 beb. 1635: bur.
there, 8 Nov. 1684.
:Mary Carey, dau.
of Henry Earl of
Dover: ob. 21 June,
iiETH, sole
dau. mar.
to Robert
Lord Wil-
loughby
D'Eresby,
3d Earl of
Lindsey,
[P.,D.-
GREE of
Beriie, p.
235.]
1. !\Iartha,
d:iu. of ....
Holmes.
Major Gen.
of the
Forces ; ob.
14 April,
London.
Anne, =
dau. and
co-h. of
Sir Hen.
Lee, Bart,
of Ditch-
ley, CO.
Oxon:ob.
29 Oct.
1685, at
Adder-
bury, CO.
Oxon:
bur. 10
[Pedig
of Lee,
and Dil-
lon Lee.1
=3. Thomas, fifth =
Lord \\'iiarton,
M.P. for Bucks
1675, 1678: cr.
23 Dec. 1706, (5
Anne) Viscount
H'lnchendm, and
Earl of Wharton:
lJan.l715,(lGeo.
1.) Earlof Rath-
farnham, Marquess
of Wharton,
Malmesbury and
Catherlough; Lord
Lieut, of Oxon,
Westmoreland and
Bucks : Lord Privy
Seal : Ld. Lieut, of
Ireland. 7 May,
1710: ob. 12 April,
1715, in London:
bur. 22 April, at
Winchendon. [Par.
Reg.]
Adam Ld.
Viscount
Lisburne,
Baron of
Rathfarn-
ham, by
Lucy.dau.
of George
6th Lord
Chandos,
by his 2d
wife Jane,
dau. of
John Earl
Rivers :
ob. vidua,
5 Feb.
1716:
bur. 14
Feb. at
A\'inchen-
d n, a;t.
47.
4. Goodwin Wharton, b. 8
Mar: bap. at Wooburn, 28
Mar. 1652: M.P. for Bucks,
10, 12, and 13, Will. 3. and
1 Anne : for Malmesbury, for
Cockermouth, 1696: bur. 28
Oct. 1704, at Wooburn. Will
dated 30 Sept. 1704, be-
queaths his property to his
" deare and lawjvlly begotten
son, Hezekiah Wharton ;"
but7 Mar. following, the name
corrected by a commission,
and thereunto added, " alias
Knowles," Alex. Hall being
appointed Curator and to re-
ceive rents, &c. for three
years after testator's death,
for the minor, who died be-
fore probate, granted to Eliz.
5. Lloyd, 7 Dec. 1711, who
administered as the residuary
legatee. ',
bap. II
Jan.
1656,
atWin
Dun-
dalk,
a Cai
Schom-
berg.
Philip, Marquess of VVharton,=
Malmesbury, and Catherlough,
ICarl of ^Vharton and Rathfarn-
ham. Vis. Ifincliendon. Baron
Wharton: June 1717, High
Steward of Malmesbury : ac-
cepted the title of Duke of
Northumberland from the
Pretender, and K. G. cr. (by
Geo. 1.) Duke of Wharton :
resumed the title of Duke of
Northumberland : Aide-de-
camp to the King of Spain :
indicted for High Treiison :
d i:d in the Convent of St.
S;«iii,3i May, 1731°rct. 32:
=2. Maria, dau. of Col.
O'Berne, of Ireland :
Maid of Honour to the
Queen of Spain : ob.
vidua, 1 Feb. 1777, in
Golden-square, London:
bur. at St. Pancras, co.
Middlesex. [Reported to
have been dau. of John
Comerford. Esq. of Fin-
lough, in Loghlean, co.
Tipperary, by dau.
and hr. of Walter Butler,
Esq. Gent. Mag. vol. c.
p. 16.]
s. Marquess c
II Mar. 1718: bap. 29 Mar.
Jane, mar. 1st to John Holt,
Esq.who died Jan. 1728-9 :
2dly, to Rob. Coke, Esq.
of Longford, co. Derby,
June, f733: ob. 1761 :
bur. at Sunbury, co. Mid-
LucY. mar. to Sir William
Morice, Bart, divorced :
ob. 2 Feb. 1739, at Bath :
bur. 11 Feb. at Fulham,
CO. Middlesex. [Langley's
Desborough Hund.p.442.]
Winchendon: bur. there, 4 Mar. 1719-!
ANNE.mar.toWill. Carr,
Esq. son of the Hon. Sir
^Vill. Carr, Bar. of the
Exchequer: ob. 26 .May,
1689 : bur. at Wooburn.
Margaret, mar. to ..
Dunch, Esq. (Major)
ofPusey,co.Berks.2dly
to Sir Thomas Selyard,
Bt. 3dly to Will. Ross,
Esq.
MAiiY,bap. at Winchen-
don, 19 Oct. 1649 : mar.
1st at Woburn, 19 Feb.
1672. to Will. Thomas,
son and heir of Edw.
Thomas. Esq. of Wen-
voe Castle, co. Glamor-
ganshire : 2dly, to Sir
Chas. Kenneys, Bt. of
Keven-Mabley.co. G la-
morganshire. his first
wife ob. 1683, st. 30.
[Kyate.]
Philadelphia, bap. at
Winchendon, 9 Sept.
1655: mar. 1st to Sir
Geo. Lockhart, Knt. of
Carnwarth, North Brit.
2 .Sept. 1678: 2dly, to
Capt. John Ramsey,
son of the Bishop of
Rosse, in Scotland : d.
3. July, 1722.
FiiANCEs.b. 9Sept. 1655,
bur. at Winchendon, 13
May, 1656.
aque morte
abreptus : "
at. 26: (i.e.
killed in a
duel by Jlr.
Wolsley.)
bur. at Woo-
burn, 14
Dec. 1689,
Philip =p dau.
Wharton,
and hr. of
Esq.\^'arden
Ric.Hutton
of the Mint :
Esq. ofGol-
ob. 23 Feb.
desborough.
1684-5 :
CO. York.'
bur. at Ed-
Imgton.
Mahv, dau. and hr. mar.
1st to James Campbell,
younger br. of Archibald,
first Duke of .\rgyle : mar.
dissolved by Pari. circ.
havii
been
traded by force: mar.2illy,
to Robert Bierley, Esq. of
Slidridge-Grange, co. Dur-
ham, and Goldsworthy, co.
York: M.P. for Knares-
borough ; ob. 1726: bur.
at Gainsborough.
OVER-WINCHENDON. 545
Thomas, first Lord Wharton, has a remarkable monument in the church of Kirkby-Stephen, in
Westmoreland, where his recumbent statue in alabaster, between his two wives, Eleanor, daughter of
Sir Brian Stapleton, Knt., and Anne, daughter of George Earl of Shrewsbury, and relict of John
Lord Bray, represents his head resting on a helmet formed of a bull's hide, the head of the animal
being the crest of the family arms ; but, by the tradition of the common people, formerly imagined to
record this Warden of the Marches as the conqueror of Satan, whose Bgure in a vanquished posture, a
little fertility of fancy may assign to the folds of the helmet. On the verge is inscribed,
Thomas Whartonus jaceo, hie utraque conjux
Eleanora suum hinc, hinc habet Anna locum.
En tibi terra, tuum carnes atque ossa resume
In ccelos animas tu Deus alme tuum.
In consequence of the vulgar tradition respecting the figure, a little profanely parodied by the follow-
ing lines :
Here I, Thomas Wharton, do lie,
With Lucifer under my head,
And Nelly my wife hard bye,
And Nancy as cold as lead.
O, how can I speak without dread ?
Who could my sad fortune abide ?
With one devil under my head,
And another laid close on each side.^
Philip, third Lord Wharton, was a minor at his grandfather's death ; and a letter, written by him
from Cambridge to the Earl of Sussex on that occasion, is still preserved in the Cotton MSS.
" To THE Right Honorable my very good Lord the Earle of Sussex.
., ,. • , 1 /r- • " Cambridge, 20th Dec. 1573.
Maximo dolore afficietur mi domine charissime cum mihi nunciatum fuit quod Ena dignitati sustperte mes assent
littertc. Propterea quod aborum in eis usus sim ope, attamen te magnopere preecor ut mihi illam non imputes culpam
quasi te fallere conarer tui tant™. debeo, quantum meo parent! unq™. debuerim sed vehementer a te peto ut potius exis-
times mihi curse fuisse, ne cum mea sirapHci inventione tuo honori nimis molestus essem cum itaq. tibi visum frevit, in his
etiam meis littens tuis mandatis obtemperavi quemadmodum illud per prefectum nostrum erat significatum tuam i-itur
dom.nat.onem humilbme obtestor ut has meas Hteras aequi boniq, consulas sperans in posterum me tibi petitiones' daturum.
Bene valeat tua Dominatio Cantabrigia decimo quinto die Decembris. Tuis preeceptis obsequentissimus.
" Philippus Wharton. "2
Philip, fourth Lord Wharton, who was the first possessor of Winchendon of this family, was like-
wise a mmor when his predecessor died, but attained his majority about 1634. He appears to have
resided here only during the life of his second lady, and then to have returned to Wooburn, wliere he
had previously lived.
Just before the breaking out of the civil war, his Lordship was one of the Committee of the Lords
for drawing up propositions to be presented to the King concerning the laying aside of arms and
levies, and for composing the differences between his Majesty and the Parliament.^ When the Kin^
went to Hull, and the House was without a Speaker (the Lord-Keeper having left London to join
the Court,) Lord Wharton was frequently placed in the chair for the day; presided in that assembly
on the 14^th of May, 1642, and often in June ; and when the House of Commons, upon the petition
of the officers, &c. of the Trained Bands of Buckinghamshire desiring a new Lord-Lieutenant, had
Gent. Mag. vol. Iv. p. 970. = Cotton MSS. Tit. 13, 2. p. 306, in Mus. Brit. 3 Pad. Hist. vol.
VOL. 1
4a
546 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
resolved upon the removal of Lord Paget, it was ordered that Arthur Goodwyn, Esq. should move
the Lords to concur in the appointment of Lord Wharton, which took place. ^ His Lordship was on the
Committee to prepare a bill respecting scandalous ministers. In October, Lord Wharton signified to
the House that the Earl of Essex, Lord General, desired a relation of the battle of Keynton (Edge
Hill, in Warwickshire) might be made to the City of London, whereupon the House ordered a message
to be sent to the Lord Mayor to convene a Common Hall at five o'clock, and appointed a Committee
of both Houses to go to the city ; and Lord Wharton, who is called in the journals " an actor in this
business," was to make the relation ; ten Lords and a proportionable number of the Commons accom-
panying him." His Lordship made a long speech, in which, after alluding to the respect intended to-
wards the city, he stated, that the Lord General liad sent Mr. Strode and himself to communicate in-
telligence of the battle. " Gentlemen," said his Lordship, " I shall tell you the worst as well as the
best, that you may know all ; and that when you have known the worst you may find it in your judge-
ments to give the more praise to God for his mercy, after there was so little probability of success.
After we had shot two or three pieces of ordnance, they began to shoot some of theirs ; and truly not
long after, before there was any near execution, three or four of our regiments fairly ran away. I
shall name you the particulars, and afterwards name you those that did the extraordinary service,
whereof you will find those of this city to have been very extraordinary instruments. There were that
ran away, Sir William Fairfax's regiment. Sir Henry Cholmley's, my Lord Kimbolton's, and to say the
plain truth, my own. You see, by this time, that I am like to tell you the truth of every thing ; but
yet I must say, that though they did so, I hope there will be a good number of them got together
again, that may show themselves in better condition, and better way of service than yet they have
done. I hope so, and, by the blessing of God, it may be so, for they are but young soldiers ; and we
have some young soldiers that have this last battle done very extraordinary and gallant service. Not
long after this there was a charge upon the left wing of the horse, wliere I conceive there was a matter
of eighteen or nineteen troops ; and truly I can not say they did so well as they should, though I hope
there are not many of them cut off neither, but that they will be brought together again to do very
good service hereafter ; but so it is, they had the worst of it. By this you will see that at the be-
ginning of the day we might think it would not prove so well as it pleased God it did afterwards in the
close of the day ; for our troops were divided, and one part of the horse were not in good order ; but
it pleased God now to show himself, for after the King's horse had passed the left wing of our horse
(I can not say it was in any hands but God's own providence) they went to the town where all our
baggage was (the baggage of the officers and the private persons of the army, not they of the artillery,
but the colonels' carts, and the captains' carts, and such provision as that), and there they took a bait
upon our pillage, and fell a plundering all the while the rest of the army was fighting ; and indeed my
Lord General had some more loss than ordinary by some cloaths and money he had there ; but we
may thank God they were away, for thereby the rest of our army had better opportunity to do the
service they did," After speaking in high terms of the behaviour of the Lord General, who charged
at the head of his own regiment, his Lordship added, " they killed the King's standard-hearer, Sir
Edmund Verney f also took the King's standard, which was raised up against the Parliament, and
brought it to my Lord General ; and he delivered it to a servant, who was not so careful as he ought
to have been ; yet it was not retaken by force, but by the carelessness and negligence of some persons."
Then enumerating many persons who had behaved with great bravery, his Lordship proceeded —
" in tlie night, the forces of the King withdrew up towards the hill, whence they came ; and my Lord
General sent amongst others myself to bring up those forces to him, which were a day's march behind :
lis, vol. ii. p. 624. -Lords' Journals, vol. v. p. 423. ^ See Middle-Claydon.
OVER-WINCHENDON. 547
there were Colonel Hampden's and Colonel Graliam's, and those Troops of Horse and the Artillery ; and
about one or two o'clock the next morning they came to my Lord General, and joined with the rest of
the Army :" and after further particulars respecting the close of the fight, concluded with these words :—
" Gentlemen, now I have declared this narration to you, I shall say no more than this, that certainly
my Lord General himself hath deserved as much in this service, for his pains and care, and for the
particular success that was upon it, as truly as, I think, ever any Gentleman did ; and in the next
place, that as God of his own immediate providence did thus declare himself for the answering of his
own cause, so you will not forget to apply yourselves to God, to give him the glory, and to entreat
his blessings upon his future attempts."
Afterwards Mr. Strode took notice of the fidelity and accuracy of Lord Wharton's relation ;' and
particularly mentioned, that, although his Lordship's regiment ran away, the noble Lord himself re-
mained in the service all that night, — a circumstance which he held it to " be his duty to this Honour-
able Person" to state, " since it was modesty in himself to say nothing."^
Notwithstanding the zealous part Lord Wharton took at the beginning of the troubles, when he found
that the concessions made by the King, in the Isle of Wight, were not sufficient to satisfy his enemies,
he withdrew from his associates and remained inactive with regard to military affairs ; which, perhaps,
gave rise to reports not favourable to his character. During the Protectorate, he demeaned himself
not only peaceably, but even became a courtier, and was made a Privy Councillor, and one of Oliver's
Peers, or " Other House ;" yet is said never to have acted in either of those capacities. Probably his
alliance with the Goodwyns, who were connected by marriage with the Hampdens and Fleetwoods,
and like them hostile to the Stuarts, might have brought him into favour with Cromwell.'
At the Restoration, Lord Wharton being the head of the Presbyterian party (to which also the
Goodwyns were attached) it was intended to have excluded him from the benefit of the Act of Indem-
nity. The circumstance is rather curious : his eldest daughter Elizabeth, then wife of Lord
Willoughby de Eresby (afterwards Earl of Lindsey) passing over the ferry at Lambeth, accidentally
overheard the name of her father mentioned as one to be excepted out of the Act of Grace ; upon
which she enquired of her husband, if he (who had been a Cavalier) had heard of such an intention.
He had not ; but finding afterwards, that there was some foundation for the report, he represented
Lord Wharton's conduct in such a light to the King, and besought his Majesty's pardon for him as a
' The names of the Officers in Lord Wharton's Regiment, raised In 1642, are preserved in a scarce Tract of that time ,
as follows :
Colonel Philip Lord Wharton. Lieutenant Willm. Browne
Lieut.-Col. Jerem. Horton. Willm. Bridges
Serjeant M'^Owen Parry Geo. Usher
Robert Long Willm. Emerson
Henry Carew Anthony Masham
Jude Leigh Isaac Turney.
Henry Skipwith Chirurgeon Jo. Broughton.
Chr. Baily Ensign Blake
.... Gibbons ' Tho. Radford
Elias Struce. Robt. Hughs
Provost-Marshal George Higham. Willm. Heydon
Lieutenant Chas. Holcroft Jo. Garret
Francis Fitshues Jer. Gardiner
Edw. Browne Rich. Bland
Tho. Abbany Edw. Horton.
- Parliamentary Hist. vol. ii, pp. 476, 7, 8 ; from a scarce Tract printed in London, 1642, for F. Coles and T. Bates ;
and in the Collection of Sir H. Goodrich, Bart. ' Noble's Protectoral House of Cromwell, vol. ii. p. 472.
548 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
personal favour to himself with so much earnestness, that tlie name of Lord Wharton was not inserted
in the clause of exceptions.
In 1673, Philip Lord Wharton, Francis Martin, of Ewelme, co. Oxon, and Thomas Wharton,
son of the said Lord, conveyed to Nicholas Daniell and Nathaniel Stonor, of London, Gent, by In-
denture dated 20 Oct. (25 Car. II.) the site of Over-Winchendon Manor, with inclosed grounds, arable,
pasture, and meadow; called Moore-close, the Horse-close, New-close, Common-leys "where the wind-
mill standeth," Bethem's-close, Moore-close-meadow, the Warrens, the Nether-ground, Clotty-mead,
and Common-ley's-meadow, the Long-meadow, BuU's-pieces, Googe's-hill, " the Cley-piece," and Briar-
lees, the Old-park, and Bean-furlong, in Over-Winchendon and Waddesdon,' probably for the pur-
pose of settlement.
Lord Wharton had a great taste for architecture and gardening ; had expended very large sums at
Wooburn, before he removed to Winchendon ;" and also possessed much knowledge of paintings and the
finest collection by Sir Peter Lely and Vandyke then in England. He loved splendor, and laid out
many thousands to appear with suitable magnificence in the cavalcade to attend King Charles 11. at
his landing, after the Restoration ; and being then in mourning for his third wife, wore diamond
buttons to his coat, to relieve the gloom of its appearance.
His Lordship was committed to the Tower, with the Duke of Buckingham, for declaring the Long
Parliament dissolved, by its prorogation for fifteen months.
Being one of the tellers, on a division in the House of Lords on the Habeas-Corpus Act, Lord
Wharton is said to have taken some advantages in counting the numbers, and by a kind of pious
fraud, to have materially assisted in carrying that important measure. He was also very active in
qualifying the oath of allegiance ; but being suspected of having some concern in one of the numerous
plots of that plotting age, when James II. acceded to the Crown, Lord Wharton obtained leave to
travel, and went through Holland, Germany, France and Flanders, being received with many marks
of respect and distinction abroad ; and, amongst other valuable presents, had the honour to receive
from the Elector of Brandenburgh a fine set of six horses.
He was one of the first of those noblemen about London who declared for the Prince of Orange ;
and soon after the accession of William HI. was made a Privy Councillor.
In a scarce tract, entitled, " Memoirs of the Life of Thomas Marquess of Wharton," the author
mentions Philip Lord Wharton (his father) as having been, when young, not only the most accom-
plished gentleman, but the greatest beau of his time. " He had particularly very fine legs, and took
great delight to show them in dancing. In his old age, when they were shrunk almost to the bone, I
remember to have seen liim point to their decrepit condition, and say, ' Here are those handsome
legs, which I was so proud of in my youth ! See ! what is the beauty of man, that he should take
pride in it!'"^ In his later years, besides bodily infirmities, he unfortunately encountered a great
affliction by the premature death of his younger son, William Wharton, who was killed in a duel, and,
as was said, unfairly, by Mr. Wolseley. The writer of the narrative says, that Wharton had " the
better in the action, with respect to the honour of it, but somehow or other ho received a wound in
his thigh, of which he died in three or four days." He was a favourite of his father, who was desirous
of punishing the aggressor with all possible severity ; but great interest being made in his favour, he
obtained a pardon, went abroad, and had an honourable employment given to him. Lord Wharton
survived to the age of eighty-three; and after his death considerable sums were applied to charitable
purposes by his directions, and in the purchase and distribution of Bibles and other religious books to
the poor. Mr. Edward Harley, who was related by marriage to his third Lady, Anne (Carr) Baroness
1 Rot. Clans. 25 Car. II. "• See Woobukn. 3 Memoirs of the Lite, &c, p. 6.
OVER-WINCHENDON. 549
Wharton, is said to have been one of the original trustees of this charity, which, especially in later
times, is reported to have been interrupted, or not regularly applied.'
Thomas, fifth Lord Wharton, third (but eldest) surviving son, succeeded Philip in the possession
of this estate. He was brought up in profound obedience to his fother, but acquired habits of gaiety
and dissipation entirely foreign to the puritanical manners prevalent in his family. He had been sent
abroad early, and improved his talents by observation, which rendered him a very accomplished gentle-
man. In 1678 he was elected a Knight of the Shire for Bucks, with Richard Hampden, Esq., as also
in the next Parliament, and in that which met at Oxford. He abstained from taking part in the de-
bates upon the Bill of Exclusion ; but on the 26th of June, 1680, joined in the presentment made to the
Grand Jury of Middlesex, indicting the Duke of York for not attending divine service according to
law, grounded upon certain letters from Rome which had been read in the House of Commons to
prove a correspondence between that Prince and the Pope ; but the Jury, being called before the
Court of King's Bench, before they had time to deliver their presentments, were suddenly dismissed.
He continued to represent Bucks until he succeeded to the Peerage ; and had so powerful an interest
in this County, and so much address, that none dared show his face in opposition to him at an election.
He spoke with great warmth in the House against a standing army, and proposed grants of money to
the Crown.
Although he did not argue in favour of the Bill of Exclusion, he had given his concurrence to it,
and was one of the members who carried it up to the Lords. He was a very active member of the
House, and one of the Committee of Elections and Privileges in the Convention at the time of the
landing of King William nL,= and when the King had sent a message to the Commons in regard
to the discontinuance of the payment of hearth money (an imposition then much complained of,)
was one of the members appointed to prepare the address of thanks; and afterwards assisted
in carrying up another address to the King, then at Hampton-Court, on providing for the security
of the new Government ; and on numerous other occasions took part in public measures of great
importance.
He resided in privacy at Winchendon during the latter part of the reign of King James, and was
one of those patriots who invited the Prince of Orange into England. As soon as he heard of the
Prince's landing in Devonshire, he hastened to Exeter, accompanied by about twenty of his friends,
and is said to have been principally concerned in drawing up the address presented soon afterwards.
He attended William to London, and was rewarded with the place of Comptroller of the Household
to the new King and Queen, made a Privy Councillor, Justice in Eyre south of Trent ; and, although
then a commoner, appointed Lord Lieutenant of Oxfordshire and Westmoreland.
In 1690, he attended King William to the Congress at the Hague, of the Princes of the Grand
Alliance. An anecdote is related of him upon that occasion, which, amongst many others, is a proof
of his vivacity. Being at a great dinner given by his royal master when the Elector of Brandenburgh
was present, a very heroic Prince, but with a peculiarly plain aspect, much resembling that of Baron
Bradbury, one ofKing WiUiam's attendants, who was often the butt of Court wit,— when the Elector's
health was given, Mr. Wharton, turning to his next neighbour, cried, " To Baron Bradbury." The
company, who understood him, laughed at the allusion ; and the Elector, mistaking Bradbury for
Brandenburgh, laughed too with great complacency, to the amusement and diversion of the guests.
When an inquiry was instituted into the corrupt practices of certain Ministers and Members of
Parliament said to have received bribes from the City of London and the East India Company, Mr.
Wharton, who abhorred such baseness, and perhaps disliked the parties the more because they were all
1 See Waddesdon Parochial Charities, p. 512. ^ Commons' Journals, vol. x. p. 10.
550 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Tories, or of the High Church party, used great diligence in promoting an exposure of their conduct.
He was Chairman of the Committee of the Commons, P' March, 1691, on tlie Mutiny Act; made the
Report of that Committee 2'' April following.^ He was Chairman of the Committee to examine the
conduct of Sir Thomas Cooke, in regard to secret-service-money unaccounted for in the management
of the East India Company ; and being himself at the same time Comptroller of the Royal Household,
that circumstance evinces the opinion entertained by the House and the country of his probity and
integrity. He was appointed, 29 April, 1695, to carry up to the Lords certain articles of impeach-
ment of the Duke of Leeds ;- and upon every occasion in which he had an opportunity of promoting
the interests of the Whig party, was extremely zealous. In the affairs of electioneering he was also
very alert ; and so profuse in his expenses, that it is affirmed he paid more than SO,OOOZ. at the
various contests in which he was engaged. He was so much hated by the Tories, that about the time
of King James's accession, the Justices, under a pretence of his being attached to the Duke of Mon-
mouth, ordered his house at Winchendon to be searched for arms. Whether there were in fact any
arms then there, may perhaps be doubtful ; but his biographer seems to hint at the probability that
if the search had been conducted with more strictness some might have been found, for he certainly
wished well to every project by which the country might be delivered from tyranny ; and when he
subsequently joined the Prince of Orange upon his landing in the West, it is not denied that " a good
quantity of arms which he had provided" were sent in two carriages to assist in that expedition. He
had been also in habits of intimacy with the unfortunate Duke of Monmouth, who, like himself, was
passionately fond of horse-racing, and accustomed to attend those sports which were then some of the
principal amusements of the Whartons, whose Mansion-house at Winchendon commanded a full view
of a very commodious level in the neighbouring parishes of Quainton and Waddesdon, which was the
scene of their fovourite diversion. However, it is not hioivn that he actually assisted the Duke of
Monmouth, whose scheme he regarded as wild and impracticable.
Great opposition was made to his election to that Parliament in 1685, when he was chosen, with
Lord Brackley, to represent this county. Mr. Hacket, a violent partizan, was encouraged to oppose
him, and the noted JefFeries, then Lord Chief Justice (who, by his estate and residence at Bulstrode,
w^as personally connected with Buckinghamshire,) made his appearance at Aylesbury, at the time of the
election, and used his utmost cunning and influence to prevent Mr. Wharton's return ; and to carry
that point, ventured upon one of those exorbitant and outrageous acts, which will for ever remain
conspicuous amongst the flagrant abuses of power of which he was guilty. He adjourned the poll from
Aylesbury to Newport-Pagnell, at a minute's warning, and by his own mithonly. There his party had
previously engaged all the inns and other places of public entertainment, so that when Mr. Wharton
and his friends arrived, the greater number of them were compelled to remain in the fields, with their
horses, destitute of all accommodation. But he was so much " the man of the people," that in defiance
of JefFeries and all his adherents, he carried his election and seated Lord Brackley also ;but not without
great expence. An unpleasant occurrence happened some years afterwards, arising out of another
electioneering dispute with Mr. Cheyne, a gentleman of considerable fortune in this county, who had
been chosen to represent Appleby, in Westmoreland, chiefly through the interest of Mr. Wharton's
family, but who having conceived some enmity against him, challenged him to fight a duel. It
happened that Mr. Wharton, attending the Quarter Sessions then held atChesham, received from the
inhabitants of that town some marks of public respect, for he was then growing into great eminence
at Court, and holding the important offices of the Lieutenancy of the Counties of Buckingham,
Oxford, and Westmoreland, being also Chief Justice in Eyre, High Steward of Tewkesbury, Malms-
* Commons' Journals, vol. xi. p. 290. ^ Ibid. vol. xi. p. 329.
OVER-WINCHENDON. 551
bury, and Wycombe, was become botli a royal and popular favourite ; and the people of Chesham
receiving him with acclamations, caused the bells to be rung, strewed the way \vith flowers, and con-
ducted him with shouts through the assembled crowd to the place of meeting, which excited so much
jealousy and resentment in the opposite party, that Mr. Cheyne, their chief leader, went into the Town-
Field, and sent a challenge to Mr. Wharton.' He had too much gallantry to refuse it, and behaved
with his accustomed spirit, enjoying an opportunity of giving life and returning the sword of his
adversary, without having received any injury. This was not the only duel in which he was engaged;
but the former affair of honour was a dispute with a rival lover (not a political antagonist), who made
pretensions to his first lady, whose large fortune rendered her a prize worth contending for, although
it seems that there was not much warmth of affection on his part after the match had been concluded,
principally, perhaps, in obedience to his father's wishes. The lady, however, manifested the sincerity
of her regard by settling a great estate, which was entirely at her own disposal, upon her husband,
instead of allowing it to pass, as it might otherwise have done, to the heirs of her sister Eleanor,
Countess of Abingdon.
In palliation of the censure to which these, and other instances of a similar nature, subject those
who have more impetuosity than prudence (for a choleric or captious disposition could not fairly be
attributed to Mr. Wharton), and to remove such a stain upon his reputation, it is but justice to
mention, that he never gave a challenge, although he could not bring the natural ardour or impe-
tuosity of his temper to refuse one : but he never had the misfortune to take away the life of an
opponent, or to receive a wound himself Political intrigues and elections exposed him to many pro-
vocations, but the great affability of his disposition and uncommon address, whilst they were the
admiration even of his antagonists, often extricated him from difficulties from which others could not
have escaped.
His management at elections was most happily adapted to insure success, and secure the attachment
of the people : of this, there are many anecdotes still circulated. At High-Wycombe, a gentleman
who intended to have become a rival candidate, followed Wharton's party unobserved, to ascertain
the impression made by this experienced politician in his visits to the electors. He saw him enter the
shop of an inferior artizan, heard him address the good woman of the house with the most cheerful
and unaffected familiarity, without the least appearance of artifice or the cant of obsequious persuasion ;
observed that he enquired after several of her children by name, with the ease of an old and familiar
acquaintance really interested in their welfare, and discovered that it would be useless to attempt to
oppose a man thus capable of placing himself upon a level with all whom he approached, and who
had the happy address to make himself beloved by every rank ; he therefore immediately relinquished
the contest.
In 1695, by the death of his father, he succeeded to the Peei'age, and acquired a great increase of
fortune ; but continued to exert every nerve in support of the principles with which he commenced
his political career, both in the House and out of it. On the demise of King William, the office of
Comptroller of the Household was given to his opponent. Sir Edward Seymour ; and Lord Wharton
was slighted by his name being erased from the list of Privy Councillors by the new Queen. In
return, he afterwards essentially contributed to defeat some of the favourite projects of the ministry,
and exerted himself with great vigour in many parts of the country, to promote and secure the interests
of the Whig party. His profusion on these occasions led him into pecuniary difficulties, but he con-
tinued a popular favourite ; and at length the scene changing, his Lordship was taken into favour by
1 It is a little remarkable, that to this very day the Town Field is occasionally the spot to which, upon all occasions,
the townsmen of Chesham have been accustomed to resort to decide personal disputes manually.
552 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
the Queen, and consulted upon all occasions. His good humour, address, and perseverance, greatly
contributed to raise him in the esteem of all who had occasion to resort to him : and he is said to have
had so much penetration as scarcely ever to have' been deceived by artifice or intrigue, whilst his
own sincerity gave great weight to his opinions. In his application to business he was indefatigable;
and his motions were so quick, that he performed journeys with more expedition than, before his time,
had ever been attempted in England. He managed, at his own expence, the celebrated cause of
Ashby and White, at Aylesbury,' and thus gave an important check to the unfair proceedings of
returning-officers at elections.
He not only enjoyed the triumph of seeing his name restored to the Council-book by the same
Sovereign who had been prevailed upon to dismiss him from her presence, but was advanced to the
highest posts of honour and confidence. After having mainly contributed to the Union of England
and Scotland, he was advanced, by patent 23d Dec. 1706, to the titles of Viscount Winchendon,
of Winchendon, in the county of Bucks, and Earl of Wharton, in the county of Westmoreland, with
precedence of the Earl of Godolphin, Lord High Treasurer. In 1708, he was appointed Lord
Lieutenant of Ireland, and was attended thither by Addison (previously Under Secretary of State to
Lord Sunderland) whom he made his Secretary, to the mutual honour and advantage of both parties.
A very particular account is preserved of his reception in Ireland, which evinces the popularity of his
appointment, and the general satisfiiction felt by the nation he was about to govern.
" At his landing at Kingsend, a discharge of cannon welcomed his arrival; and several members of
the Privy Council, amongst whom were Lord Viscount Blessington and General Ingoldsby, waited upon
his Excellency to congratulate him upon the occasion, by the direction of the Lords Justices. Many
of the nobility, and a vast multitude of others, were attracted to the spot. The Sheriffs of Dublin,
with a detachment of cavalry, came to meet him, and attended his coach bare-headed ; and the guns
of a battery, prepared for that purpose, were discharged, the streets being lined by the City Militia
and several regiments of inftintry. The corporation of Dublin paid their compliments ; and his Excel-
lency being received in his approach to the Council Chamber by Lieut.-General Ingoldsby, the
heralds and other officers of state, the Queen's Commission was read and the usual oaths administered,
the ceremony being closed by a discharge of the great guns at the Castle of Dublin, to which he was
immediately conducted by a vast concourse of nobility. When he entered the Castle, a triple salute
was fired there, which was answered by the like from the regiments in garrison. Having received the
congratulations of the nobility, the Archbishop of Dublin moved his Excellency in behalf of the French
Protestant Clergy, desiring his protection ; and the Bishop of Clogher, as Vice Chancellor of the
University of Dublin, made a particular address in the name of that learned body. His Excellency
received these compliments with becoming grace, and the day was concluded with the most popular
demonstrations of joy." ^ Amongst the ecclesiastical promotions during his administration, in the
course of which he zealously promoted the Protestant interest, without partiality or hypocrisy,
Swift was made one of his Chaplains, — a measure which produced not the smallest gratitude, but seems
to have led to a very violent attack upon his Lordship by that severe and infuriated satirist. That
Lord Wharton's presence was extremely acceptable to the great body of the Irish, may be fairly
. inferred from the address of the Parliament to the Queen, in which they return thanks for sending a
person " of so great wisdom and experience to be their Chief Governor ;" and similar sentiments were
expressed some months afterwards by the House of Commons.
His Lordship's mode of living in Ireland, was perfectly suitable to the temper of the inhabitants.
He was easy of access, splendid in his entertainments, and of manners so fascinating, that his court was
1 See Aylesbuhy. - Life of Lord Wharton, p. 59.
OVER-WINCHENDON. 553
crowded with persons of quality from England, who came over to enjoy the satisfaction of his conver-
sation, and to evince their regard for him.
The Earl of Wharton returned to England about the time when the celebrated Dr. Sacheverel was
impeached ; against whom his Lordship took part, and argued with great logical precision, upon some
of the points under debate. He afterwards proceeded again to Ireland; arrived there 7th May, 1710 ;
and at the opening of Parliament on the 19th, particularly alluded to the support of the Protestant
interest and succession. The principal circumstance which more particularly pressed upon his attention
seems to have been those excesses in which a turbulent mob defaced the statue of King William, and
insulted the Government ; and at the close of the session. Lord Wharton prepared for his return to
England, but a change of ministers occasioned some obstacles to his leaving his government — it being
probably imagined that his presence in England, at the time of a general election, might prove injuri-
ous to many of the friends of the new ministry. On the other hand, this Lord was proportionably the
more anxious for his recall ; and some contrivance being necessary to procure the Queen's consent, the
Countess of Wharton, then in a delicate condition, waited upon her Majesty, and expressing great
earnestness to see her husband, the Queen could not deny an entreaty thus forcibly urged, and his
Excellency had leave to return. After paying his duty to the Queen, his Lordship retired to Win-
chendon, where he remained, unmoved by the most earnest solicitations of the ministry to concur in
their measures ; and soon afterwards resigned the Government of Ireland, and joined opposition. At
the ensuing election, he strenuously supported Sir Edmund Denton and Mr. Hampden, candidates for
Bucks : seated the former, but the latter lost his election through some mismanagement. All the
virulence of party malignity and invective was exerted to disturb his repose, but he continued to
denounce the designs and oppose the measures of those who were then at the head of affairs, and with
such eloquence and force of reasoning, that if he did not convert his enemies, he certainly confounded
them.^ He defended the Earl of Galway, who was attacked on account of his want of success in Spain;
and was one of the sureties for Lord Clermont and his brother, (sons of the Earl of Middleton) who
were thereupon liberated from a long confinement in the Tower. In that prison, the Earl of Wharton
frequently visited Mr. Walpole, when expelled the House of Commons, and in custody ; and it is not
extraordinary, that thus opposing the ministry, he was removed from the Lord Lieutenancy of West-
moreland. In the recesses of Parliament, Lord Wharton chiefly resided here at Winchendon, amusing
himself with building, gardening, and the sports of the field. He had a capital stud of race-horses,
said to have been the best in the kingdom ; and his greyhounds were acknowledged to be the fleetest
in England. Amongst his racers, one named Careless was peculiarly famed, never having been beaten ;
and at length, as nobody would run against him, Lord Wharton proposed to match him against two
horses, half the course to be contested by one, and the other half by another. In this unequal contest,
which was decided at Newmarket, he beat both his competitors ; but in a second race was beaten.
When fourteen years old, the large sum (in those days) of 700/. was offered for him but refused ; and
Lord Wharton gave him to Mr. Leeds, of Yorkshire, by whom he had been bred. Lord Wharton
had another famous horse, which, in 1678, won a plate of one thousand pistoles, given by the King
of France, to induce the nobility and gentry of England to send some of their racers into France.
It was called " Wharton's Gelding," but entered in the name of the Duke of Monmouth. The
French king offered one thousand pistoles for the winning horse, which was politely refused ; but it
was tendered as a present, which his Majesty's state not permitting him to accept, the horse was
brought back to England.
1 Life of Wharton, p. 90.
VOL. I. 4 B
554
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
His Lordship's attachment to the turf continued until the close of his life, and whilst on his death-
bed, he was declared the winner of the King's Plate at Newmarket.
Lord Wharton belonged to the Kit-Kat-Club at Chelsea ; and his portrait was amongst those of the
members afterwards preserved by Mr. Tonson, M.P. at Water-Oakley, near Bray, in Berkshire.' What
has been the fate of this portrait is unknown ; but a head of the Marquess, engraved by Chambers,
represents him in a plain vest, without buttons or collar, a cravat tied loosely, and a very long and
large curled wig, descending on his shoulders ."
At the accession of George L the zeal which Lord Wharton had manifested for the Protestant Re-
ligion and the Hanoverian succession was gratefully recompensed. The King, as soon as he was
seated on his throne, advanced his Lordship by Patent, 1 Jan. 1715, (1 Geo. L) to be Marquess of
Wharton and Malmesbury in England, and Earl of Rathfarnham and Marquess of Catherlough in
Ireland : he was sworn of the Privy Council, appointed again to be Lord Lieutenant of the County of
Westmoreland, and the custody of the Privy Seal was delivered to him. But he lived not long to enjoy
these splendid additions to his titles, surviving only until the twelfth of April in the same year, when,
having been in his last illness attended by those eminent physicians, Sir Samuel Garth and Sir Richard
Blackmore, he died in Dover Street, London, at the age of sixty-seven years.
He gave particular directions to be buried as privately as was consistent ivith decency: but it is re-
markable, that on the 22d of April, 1715, whilst his remains were on the road to Winchendon, a total
eclipse of the sun compelled the funeral procession to halt ; and gave rise to the following lines in a
poem written on that occasion, which seems to indicate that his obsequies were not altogether so im-
ostentatious as to accord exactly with his expressed wishes.
" Vain are these pomps thy funeral riles to grace,
And blazon forth thy long patrician race :
Herald forbear !
See Heav'n displeas'd, the fond attempt upbraids,
And claims the province thy bold hand invades.
Untimely darkness gathering round the skies,
Blackens the morn, to grace his obsequies ;
The sick'ning sun shines dim, and in the sight
Of gazing crowds, resigns his waning light ;
Mark how he labours with relapse of night !
His easy breeding, free from form and rules
That stiffen the civility of fools.
Of various turn, for all occasions fit,
Was squar'd with judgement and well touched with wit.
Free of access, from affectation clean,
Great without pride, nor when familiar mean.
Obliging always with good natur'd sense.
Nor apt to give, nor apt to take offence.
Nor fond when kind, nor harsh when most severe.
Betwixt extremes he justly knew to steer.
Darkness and horror reign o'er earth and skies,
And Nature for a while with Wharton dies."
His character is strongly pourtrayed in another
part of this poetical tribute.
" Nature designed him master of address,
None knew it more, nor seem'd to know it less.
It work'd like magic on your yielding heart ;
Sure was the charm, but secret was the art.
In human nature most exactly learn'd.
The artful man, he through his mask discern'd.
With chosen baits that every temper take,
He knew of knave or fool what use to make.
In body active, yet his sprightly mind
Within that body felt herself confin'd.
Skill'd in the ends of his existence, he
To be unuseful, thought, was not to be.
Nor bribes nor threat'nings could his zeal abate
To serve his country, and avert her fate :
Firm to her laws and liberties he stood.
Submitting private views to public good.
Oft has he stem'd the rage of impious times,
When patriot-virtues bore the brand of crimes.
1 Gent. Mag. vol. Ixiii. pp. 1. 520. ,,. . , ., • . n
"- Another portrait was discovered at Winchendon in 1826, in which his Lordship .s drawn as past the middle age, m
crimson robe, with a long cravat and full-bottomed dark brown wig; in a carved and gdt frame, size 29 m. by -4 in.
OVER-WINCHENDON.
555
To check proud tyrants born, and factions awe,
But most devoted to good kings and law.
Twice his dear country was on ruin's brink,
Resolv'd to save her, or with her to sink ;
His brave attempts, successful twice he saw.
Once in wise Brunswick, once in great Nassaw !
No bolder champion in Religion's cause ;
None fought more battles, nor with more applause.
Who justly would his eloquence declare
Himself must Wharton's fertile genius share.
Whilst every ear was with his accents charm'd,
As every breast was with his ardour warm'd,
Faction was touch'd, and felt the secret force,
Dumb and convicted, but without remorse :
Envy with rage contending in her face
To see his triumph, and Aer just disgrace.
Nor less in council did his weight appear
The ablest statesman, as the brightest Peer !"'
In plain and humble prose, his character endeared him to the friends of liberty, and to all who have
a regard for the Protestant interest. His services to the nation and to the reigning family, equalled, if
not surpassed, that of any individual of his time ; so that it was scarcely possible to do justice to the
value and importance of his character. He was admitted to the familiarity of King Charles H. whose
companion he was in many of his debaucheries : but his public life was irreproachable, and nothing
could withdraw him from his inflexible attachment to the principles of a true patriot. He saw through
the designs of a prince, to whose indolence and luxury the Crown was indebted for its preservation.
He had a contempt for the principles of the Governor, and an abhorrence of his actions.
King William was sensible of the services of Lord Wharton, both before and at the time of the
Revolution ; and although he was not then advanced to a higher post than that of Comptroller of the
Household, his Lordship received the most convincing proofs of the confidence of the Sovereign, and
his probity and attachment to the Government gave great weight to his councils.
He knew how to accommodate himself to the temper of those around him ; and his merit was con-
spicuous in the country, at court, and in parliament.
Perhaps he had few real enemies but those who were provoked by his activity and usefulness as a
man of business. In private life he had many faults ; but in extenuation of some of them, it may be
said, that the example of King Charles's court, dissipated and licentious, could scarcely have been
without its influence upon the morals of those who attended it. The faults of Lord Wharton, what-
soever they were, made his excellencies the more admired. If, in his youth, he neglected to cultivate
learning, he at least acquired extensive knowledge of the world ; and a vast fund of good sense, and
great natural abilities, supplied many defects. His eloquence was inartificial ; his skill and sagacity in
the management of debate were remarkable ; and his advice had the greater weight, because it was
well known that he never engaged in the support of that which he did not believe to have truth and
justice on its side. He had wisdom to discern that which was proper to be done, and was never at a
loss how to act ; and all his speeches were weighty and important.
He lived to witness the success of a cause which he had laboured with zeal to promote, but his en-
joyment of the advantages and blessings of seeing the Protestant succession established in these king-
doms was only of short duration. Domestic calamities pressed heavily upon him, and the dissipation
and extravagance of his son, and the misapplication of those splendid talents which, even at an early
age, distinguished him, are said to have had such an effect on the sensibility and constitution of this
noble person as to have accelerated his death.
Amongst many elegant compliments paid to this eminent statesman, in the dedication of the fifth
volume of the Spectator, after applauding the dignity, popularity, and sagacity of Lord Wharton, the
author ingeniously remarks, that his Lordship had acted with so much consistency, and promoted the
Dodsley's Collect, vol. v. p. 316.
556 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
interests of " his country so uniformly, that even those who would misrepresent his generous designs
for the public good, could not but approve the steadiness and intrepidllij with which he pursued them."
His lady, Lucy Marchioness of Wharton, &c. was eminently distinguished by her wit and accom-
plishments ; and in " Whartoniana" is a poem, of which she was the reputed author.'
The devotion entertained for this amiable and excellent woman by Bishop Burnet, may be inferred
from the following expressions in one of his letters to her : " If you will apply your mind with that
great care to the things of religion, and give them free scope in your soul, / will look upon you as the
hriyhtest piece of God's workmanship I ever saw : and if I can contribute any thiny towards the yiviny
you this last perfection, without which, all the rest are nothiny, I will esteem it the yreatest blessiny that
ever befell me, or indeed can befall me on earth.''"''
Philip, only surviving son of Thomas Marquess of Wharton, was, according to some accounts,
about sixteen years of age at his father's death, but it is probable he might have been two years older.
Of this most extraordinary person it is extremely difficult to give any thing like a correct memoir,
but it would be unpardonable, in the History of Buckinghamshire, to say nothing. Irregular in his
whole conduct, from the very commencement of his existence, inconsistent, and almost distracted,
throughout the short but turbulent course of an unfortunate life, some few detached notices, however,
are all that can be attempted
He was born in or about the year 1699, either at Adderbury or Ditchley, in Oxfordshire, of which
county his father was Lord Lieutenant. At a very early period he manifested all the qualifications
necessary to form a great man ; was educated under his paternal roof, and by the personal direction of
his father, with a view to the cultivation of those branches of learning which might render him best
capable of serving his country. He made a rapid progress in classical erudition, delighted in his
studies, reading history with advantage, and poetry with improvement : had a retentive memory, a
clear and sound judgment, without being disputatious or arrogant, but with all the capacity to argue
with acuteness and precision : an orator even in his boyhood. In the short memoir prefixed to two
volumes of a periodical paper, in which he was commonly believed to have had a principal hand, (but
which, as well as the memoir itself which they comprise, have also been attributed to Sir Richard
Steele,)^ it is said, that when he was thirteen or fourteen years of age, his father sometimes gave him
speeches delivered in the House of Lords, which he got by heart, and repeated " with all the graces
of action and elocution, and with so much propriety of expression and suitable energy of voice and
pronunciation, as showed him in a manner born for this arduous province : and the excellence of his
performance was heightened by the beauty and comeliness of his person."*
With pleasing and happy presages of futurity, this auspicious dawn was suddenly clouded by indi-
cations of great irregularity and extravagant excess : he broke through all restraints, and gave a loose
to the utmost licentiousness.
He succeeded to his father's estates, charged vvitli payment of debts by the executors of his
will, the Marquess of Dorchester, third Earl of Carlisle, and Nicholas Lechmere, Esq. then
Solicitor General ;^ but before that event, and when he was about seventeen years of age, he fell des-
perately in love with the daughter of Major-General Holmes, with whom he contracted a private
marriage, which at once defeated the ambitious prospect cherished by his fond father of a more
splendid alliance. In the patent which advanced him to the dignity of a Marquess, it was expressed
1 Walpole's Anecdotes, vol. ii. p. 135. n. - Gent. Blag. \ol. 85, pp. '2, 498.
■^ See Life and Writings of Philip, late Duke of Wharton, in 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1732 : in Bibl. Bo-11. Oxon. with
MS. notes by Dr. Owen, Librarian.
» Ibid. 5 Memoirs of Lord Wharton, p. 106.
OVER-WINCHENDON. 557
that that was mtended as an earnest of still greater favours ; so that it may be presumed, that the
ambition of the father united with the inconsiderateness of the son, in laying the foundation of those
evils which ensued. The Marquess of Wharton became so deeply affected by this event, that he sur-
vived only about six weeks. Thus emancipated from paternal restraint (although it must be confessed
he seemed to have scarcely ever been opposed, even by the wholesome and necessary exercise of that
influence which ought have been expected from so wise a man), the young Lord appears to have given
himself up wholly to the indulgence of his passions. His mother, greatly distressed by the anticipation
of her son's disorderly and dissolute life, died within twelve months ; and nominally continuing in the
guardianship of the trustees of his father's will, he was sent to travel on the Continent, accompanied
by a foreigner (a Frenchman) as his tutor, it being foolishly designed that he should pass some time
at Geneva, in order that he might be influenced by the religious principles maintained there, — a strange
infatuation ! for what prospect could there be that the severe discipline of such a place, or the maxims
of any preceptor who could have been weak enough to concur in such a scheme, could possibly reclaim
a headstrong young man, at a distance from all those for whom custom or the fear of shame might
have inspired deference ? He proceeded first to Holland, then visited Hanover and other German
Courts, being every where received in a very distinguished manner. It seems to have been a boyish
folly which induced him to accept, at one of those Courts, a foreign Order of Knighthood, of which he
was fond of wearing the badge, until some, who thought it a diminution of his high hereditary rank,
rallied him out of the use of it, and induced him to lay it aside. It is not very extraordinary that
tliey who sent him to Geneva to reform his morals, should have also wished to limit his expences by a
moderate allowance, in order to restrain his extravagance ; but they must have seen very little of
human nature, if they did not calculate upon the consequences of such measures. They were these :
as soon as he arrived at Geneva, he conceived the utmost disgust at the manners of the place, and
contempt for his tutor, and fled from both, like the untamed native of the forest from the pursuit of
tlie dogs and toils of the hunter. Quitting Geneva with precipitation, he travelled to Lyons : arrived
there 13th Oct. 1716 ; introduced himself, by the present of a fine horse, to the Pretender, who, as the
Chevalier de St. George, then resided at Avignon. That personage received him with enthusiasm ;
and instantly (for he is said to have remained there only a single day) conferred upon him the empty
and pretended title of Duke of Northumberland. He returned to Lyons, thence went to Paris, where
he arrived on the 27th of the same month, and hastened immediately to present himself to Katherine
Queen Dowager of England, widow of the abdicated King, then at St. Germains !
Lord Stair, who was the British Ambassador at the Court of France, conceiving, notwithstanding
the reports to his discredit, that the son of such a father, and a young man of uncommon personal ac-
complishments, might be reclaimed from the irregularities of his wild career, by a well-timed and
discreet interposition, distinguished him by many civilities, and occasionally gave him admonitions.
The former he returned with the politeness of a courtier ; the latter with levity, if not with
insolence. Amongst other instances of his indiscretion, it is related, that the prudent Ambassador,
taking occasion to praise the late Marquess of Wharton for his great merit, added, that he hoped his
Lordship would follow so illustrious an example of fidelity to his Prince and affection to his country,
by treading in the same steps : the young Marquess thanked his Excellency for his good advice, but
begged in return to say, that as his Excellency had also a worthy and deserving father, he hoped that
he likewise would copy so bright an original, and tread in all his steps.' It is not easy to perceive the
point of this retort, unless it referred to the circumstance that the nobleman alluded to is supposed to
have accelerated his death by his ardour and vehemence in a debate.^
1 Memoirs of Lord Wharton, p. 8. « Qu? Was tlie Lord Stair's father particularly attached to the old Stuarts ?
558 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
The Ambassador's kindness passed over this and numerous other slights which his levity and indis-
cretion prompted. Lord Wharton quitted Paris towards the close of 1716; came first to England,
and soon afterwards went to Ireland, where, though still a minor, he was, in consideration of his ex-
traordinary qualities, allowed to take his seat in Parliament as Marquess of Catherlough. In this new
scene he immediately, with that versatility which belonged to all his actions, became a partizan of the
Ministry, and exerted his utmost zeal in support of the measures of Government. His speeches
evinced great capacity, and excited the admiration of the whole nation, maintaining his own dignity in
the House, and all the decorum proper in so august an assembly. So eminently conspicuous did he
render himself, that the King advanced him, though so very young, to the highest rank of the
Peerage, by a patent which contained the following expressions in its preamble : — •" As it is the
honour of subjects who are descended from an illustrious family to imitate the great examples of their
ancestors, we esteem it no less our glory as a King, after the manner of our Royal Predecessors, to
dignify eminent virtue by suitable rewards. It is on this account that we confer a new title on our
right trusty and entirely beloved cousin, Philip Marquess of Wharton and Malmesbury, who, though
he be born of a very ancient and noble family, wherein he may reckon as many patriots as forefathers,
has rather chosen to distinguish himself by his personal merit. The British nation, not forgetful of
his father, lately deceased, gratefully remember how much their invincible King William HI. owed to
that constant and courageous asserter of the public liberty and the Protestant religion. The same
extraordinary person deserved so well of us, in having supported our interests by the weight of his
counsels, the force of his wit, and the firmness of his mind, at a time when our title to the succession
of this realm was endangered, that, in the beginning of our reign, we invested him with the dignity of
a Marquess, as an earnest of our royal favour, the further marks whereof we were prevented from be-
stowing by his death, too hasty and untimely for his King and country. When we see the son of
this great man forming himself by so worthy an example, and in every action exhibiting a lively
resemblance of his father ; when we consider the eloquence which he has exerted with so much
applause in the Parliament of Ireland, and his turn and application, even in early youth, to the serious
and weighty affairs of the publick, we willingly decree him honours which are neither superior to his
merits, nor earlier than the expectation of our good subjects," &c.
Thus being advanced to the Dukedom of Wharton, his Grace was seated in the English Parliament,
with the like expectations which had been formed of him in the sister kingdom ; but was not long
before he withdrew from the ministerial side of the House, and strenuously defended Bishop Atterbury,
upon which occasion he duped some of the most experienced statesmen : for in order to obtain pos-
session of a complete knowledge of all the points upon which the Ministry were about to attack that
Prelate, his Grace, though he had quitted all connexion with that party some time before, waited
upon their principal leader in the House, then at Chelsea, and affecting a great desire to retrace his
steps, and to exert himself on that occasion in their support, so completely threw them off their guard,
that they exposed the whole of the case, of which he immediately availed himself with his usual acute-
ness and discrimination ; and, to the confusion and mortification of the whole Ministry, argued in
favour of the Bishop with the most persuasive eloquence ; and in a manner the most powerful, ex-
posed the weaker parts of the arguments used against him, and made a remarkable impression,
by one of the best speeches which he ever delivered, in opposition to the Bill of Pains and
Penalties.'
Again in opposition to the Ministry, and his extravagant expenditure having embarrassed his cir-
cumstances so that his estates were vested in trustees, under a Decree of the Court of Chancery, his
1 See True Briton, vol. ii. Appendix.
OVER-WINCHENDON. 559
Grace was compelled to accept an allowance of about 1200/. per arm. which being very inadequate to
the support of his dignity, he resolved to go abroad, until his fortunes might be in some degree re-
paired—a scheme which his best friends could not disapprove : but economy was quite foreign to his
habits, and no such effect as that which was desired was ever produced by his residence abroad. He
appeared with great splendour at the Court of Vienna, and afterwards went to Spain. Whilst at
Madrid, he was recalled to England by a writ of Privy Seal, which he totally disregarded, and rambled
about from one place to another, until he became so infatuated as to engage undisguisedly in the
service of the Pretender. In April, 1726, the Duchess of Wharton died in England ; and his infant
son having fallen a victim to the small-pox, the Duke was once more completely at liberty ; and after
having declined a very splendid alliance in consequence of the measures proposed to be taken to secure
the lady's fortune from the effects of his imprudence, he took to wife the daughter of an Irish Colonel
in the service of the King of Spain, one of the Queen's maids of honour. He had previously embraced
the Roman Catholic religion ; whether in the prospect of this match, or from other considerations, is
uncertain. He afterwards went to Rome, and used the title of Duke of Northumberland, and a
Riband of the Order of the Garter was also given to him : but his unsteady disposition being directly
opposed to the gravity of the Court of Rome, his conduct soon gave offence, and he quitted the Papal
States for the dominions of the King of Spain, to whom he offered his services in a military capacity;
and even before he received an answer to his letter, proceeded to the camp, and was admitted to serve
at the siege of Gibraltar, as aide-de-camp to the Conde de los Torres, who commanded in that
expedition. He exposed his person with much rashness, but received no other injury besides a wound
in his foot by the bursting of a shell. The King of Spain appointed him Colonel of a regiment ; and
he might probably have received greater favours, but his affection was so entirely fixed upon Rome,
that every other consideration gave way to an endeavour to regain the friendship of a Personage,
whom his duty to his Prince and his country ought to have taught him to avoid. It is, however, but
just to add, on good authority, that the Pretender himself advised him to return to England, and
censured his appearing in arms against his countrymen at Gibraltar.
The Duke (with his Duchess) left Spain, and went to Paris, in May, 1728 ; and he paid a public
visit to Mr. Walpole, the British Minister at that Court, who received him with the respect due to his
rank ; and his Grace, with his usual gaiety, before the interview was over, informed the Ambassador
that he was going to dine with the Bishop of Rochester, whom all the subjects of the Crown were
forbidden to visit. He then went to Rouen ; and there, as usual, lived extravagantly. About this
time, an indictment for High Treason was preferred against him in England, and the criminal fact
relied upon, was, his firing off cannon against the town of Gibraltar, belonging to his liege Sovereign.
Overtures are said to have been made to effect a reconciliation between his Grace and the Govern-
ment, and a concession on his part might have terminated the proceedings against him : but he
remained deaf to every entreaty ; and the trustees of his estate being restrained from making any
remittances to him, his prospects became very gloomy. In this miserable condition, he is said to have
formed the design of retiring into a monastery, and there devoting himself wholly to study ; but from
this scheme he was soon diverted ; and his debts having increased without any means of payment, he
quitted Rouen, leaving his horses and equipage behind him, and hastened to Paris. He wrote, in very
pathetic terms, to the Chevaliere de St. George, as a last resource ; represented the loss of his estate,
and the distresses of his family, and implored protection. To what degree assistance was afforded
from that quarter is unknown. It is evident that something was done; but perhaps only a mere
temporary supply, or relief from absolute want. Many stories are related of his levities and extra-
vagance, even in the state to which he was then reduced, which, in tenderness to his memory, were
better forgotten; and in April, 1729, he was actually in a religious retreat at Paris ; but remained
560 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
not long tliere, for before the month of June the Duke and Duchess, with a single servant, were on
their return to Spain. They travelled to Orleans and Nantz, thence took shipping for Bilboa, where
the Duchess was enabled, by the generosity of a nobleman then in exile at Madrid, to reach that city,
and found an asylum with her relations ; while the Duke went to his regiment, and employed his
leisure upon a translation of Telemachus. In May, 1730, in a letter, in his usual light and airy style,
he boasted of his being able to shew two battalions of as fine troops as any in Europe} He began,
early in 1731, to decline in health so rapidly, that he laid aside, incomplete, a Tragedy which he had
designed on the story of Mary Queen of Scots. He was then at Lerida ; and after suffering much,
seemed to derive benefit from a mineral water in Catalonia (or perhaps rather from more temperate
living), but relapsed in May following, at Tarragona, and languishing for a few days, closed his
eventful career in the Bernardine Convent of the Charitable Friars there, without the presence of one
friend or acquaintance to soothe or give consolation in his last moments. His remains were interred
in the Convent, 1 June, 1731, the day after his decease ; and by his death, all his titles became
extinct.
He was certainly a man of uncommon talents, and capable of having appeared in the world with
the highest honour ; but instead of following in the paths of wisdom and virtue, he unhappily gave
himself up to debauchery, lost his character, ruined his fortune, and was thrown by despair from one
extravagance to another, until death put an end to them all."
Philip Duke of Wharton was not, like Julius Cjesar, formed equally for a round-house or the plains
of Pharsalia. He was no hero ; he was not made for conquest. In one of his ballads he even
bantered his own want of heroism : it was in a song made upon his being seized by the guard in St.
James's Park, for singing the Jacobite air—
" The King shall have his own again."
He says,
" The Duke he drew out half his sword,
The Guard drew out the rest." &c.
He has been compared, in some particulars, with Buckingham and Rochester, and there might be
some resemblance ; for, like them, he comforted the grave and the dull, by throwing away the
brightest profusion of parts on witty fooleries, debaucheries, and scrapes, which may mix graces with
a great character, but never can compose one.
His levities, wit, and want of principles ; his eloquence and adventures, were once the popular
theme. With attachment to no party, though with talents to govern any party, this volatile being
changed the free air of Westminster for the gloom of the Escurial — the prospect of the Garter from
KiugGeorge for that of the Pretender; and, with indifference to all religion, the same frolic Lord, who
had written a ballad to ridicule the Archbishop of Canterbury, died in the habit of a Capuchin. Truly
it has been said, that " it is difficult to give an account of so mercurial a man, whose library was a
tavern, and women of pleasure his muses."
A thousand sallies of his imagination and brilliant efforts of his wit have been lost ; he neither
wrote nor acted for fame. The volumes called his Life and Writings contain but little of either. Of
the latter, seventy-four numbers of a periodical publication, called The True Briton, and his elaborate
" Speech in the House of Lords, on the third reading of the Bill to inflict Pains and Penalties on
Francis Atterbury, Bishop of Rochester, in May, 1723," are the chief.
It is remarkable, that his speech against the Ministry, two years before, respecting the South Sea
Company, was attended by a fatal effect ; for Earl Stanhope, attempting to answer it with great
1 Memoirs, vol. i. p. 51. - Chronological Diary in Political Regist. vol. xv. p. 29. Anno 1731.
OVER-WINCHENDON. 561
warmth, burst a blood-vessel, and died. He is also said to have written a parody upon or in imi-
tation of " Chevy Chase," printed in the first volume of " Whartoniana," a Bookseller's Miscellany ;
also in Ralph's Collection, and since transplanted into works of higher celebrity.^
The following elegant tribute to the genius and acquirements of the Duke of Wharton was found
in the autograph of the celebrated Dr. Freind, in a copy of the Works of Cicero, sold at the sale of
Dr. Freind's library : Hoc
Elegantissimi Scriptoris elegantissimum
exemplar
Mihi impertire dignatus est
Vir
Multis titulis insignitus omnibus major
Philippus Dux Whartoniensis
Cicerone Magistro parum indigens :
Qui proprio ita splendet ingenio,
Ut ad tuendam Reipublicae causam
Nee summi Oratoris eloquentia.
Nee optimi consulis vigilentia,
Nee Patris Patriae Paternus amor
In ullo ullatenus desideretur.
O tempora ! O mores ! -
Extraordinary as it may appear, the Duke of Wharton patronized Young, " the pious, gloomy
author of the Nitjht Thoughts," who, through his Grace's interest in early life (being at that time in-
tended for the profession of the law), was a candidate for Cirencester in Parliament, but without
success. Such was their intimacy, that the Duke accompanied Young to Oxford, and was by
him prevailed upon to contribute very handsomely towards the expence of erecting part of the new
buildings then projected at All Souls-College, of which society Young was a member. If generally
this nobleman has been represented more extravagant than generous, and more generous than just,
the munificence of such a gift, for such a purpose, ought to be recorded.'
Maria Duchess of Wharton survived his Grace many years, and died at or near St. Pancras, in
Middlesex, where she was buried 13 Feb. 1777.
The manors of Winchendon, Waddesdon, and Westcote, were purchased of the trustees of Philip
Duke of Wharton, under a Decree of the High Court of Chancery made in January or February,
1725, by the trustees named in the will of John Duke of Marlborough, K. G. The conveyance bears
date 24 March, 1725, the parties being Benjamin Hawkins Stiles, of the first part ; Philip Duke of
Wharton, of the second part ; Alexander Denton, Thomas Gibson, John Jacob, and Robert Jacomb
(sic) of the third part ; Sarah Duchess of Marlborough, Francis Earl of Godolphin, William Clayton,
and John Hanbury, of the fourth part ; and Charles Hodges, of the fifth part.*
The estate thus purchased about three years after the death of John Duke of Marlborough, K. G.
formed part of those possessions which, in pursuance of several Acts of Parliament, were annexed to
the hereditary honours of his family ; and although the lands, &c. enumerated therein, could not
expressly include the purchases to be made by the trustees, a recital of their provisions will explain
the manner in which the ducal honours of the House of Marlborough, and the estates belonging to it,
have since been continued to his Grace's posterity.^
I The Luck of Eden Hall, occasioned by a drinking match at the hospitable seat of Sir Christopher Musgrave, founded
on the legend of a very thin bell-mouthed pint beaker glass, taken from a company of fairies, at their gambols, and
preserved with great care by the family during many centuries, as an heir -loom of Eden Hall. In reality it seems to have
been a sacramental chalice from the neighbouring abbey. 2 Gent. Mag. vol. xcii. P. ii. p. 592.
3 Chalmers's Hist, of Oxford, p. 174. * From the Archives of his Grace George Duke of Marlborough.
5 By an Act of Parliament, passed 14th March, 1704, (3 Anne) " For the better enabling her Majesty to grant the
VOL. I. 4 c
562 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
By the provisions of these several Statutes, Sarah Duchess Dowager of Marlborough continued to
hold this manor and estate until her death, in 1744 ; John Marquess of Blandford having died during
his fatlier's life, and his sister Henrietta, eldest daughter and co-heir of the Duke, who, at his Grace's
death, succeeded to the title of Duchess of Marlborough, leaving, at her decease in 1733, no sur-
viving male issue, (William Marquess of Blandford and Viscount Rialton, only son and heir of Francis
Earl of Godolphin, by the said Henrietta Duchess of Marlborough, having also previously died
issueless,) the inheritance passed by Anne, second daaghter and co-heiress of John Duke of Marl-
borough to the noble family of Spencer, and became vested in Charles third son of Charles third Earl
of Sunderland, K. G. by the said Anne, under the title of Charles second Duke of Marlborough,
from whom this manor and estate have since descended with the Dukedom of Marlborough,
agreeable to the annexed Pedigree, until vested in his Grace the INIost Noble George Duke of
Marlborough, their present possessor.
Honour and Manor of Woodstock, with the Hundred of Wootton, to John Duke of Marlborough and his heirs, in con-
sideration of the eminent services by him performed to her Majesty and the Publick," reciting his numerous victories and
atchievements, it was provided, that it shall be lawful for the Queen's Majesty, by Letters Patents under the Great Seal, to
grant to the said John Duke of Marlborough, and his heirs and assigns for ever, &c. all the Honour and Manor of Wood-
stock and Hundred of Wootton, with the appurtenances in the county of Oxford, and all the manors, &c. of Hardley-
Wootton, Old-Wof dstock, Hanborough, Stonesfield, Combe and Bladen, with the advowsons of the churches of Bladen or
Stonesfield, with the site of Woodstock-Manor-House and Woodstock-Park, with divers lands as therein expressed, to the
said Duke and his heirs and assigns for ever, as of her Castle of Windsor, in free and common sockage, by fealty, and
rendering to her Majesty, her heirs and successors, on the second day of August in every year, for ever, at the Castle of
Windsor, one standard of colours, with three flower-de-luces painted thereon, for all manner of rents, services, &c.
[Statute, 3 Ann, cap. 6.]
And by another Act, passed in 1706 (5 Anne, cap. 4.) for settling upon John Duke of Marlborough and his posterity,
a pension of 5000/, ^jer ann. for the more honourable support of their dignities, in like manner as his honours and dignities,
and the Honour and Manor of Woodstock, and House of Blenheim, are already limited and settled ; it is recited, that in
pursuance of the former Act, her Majesty, by Letters Patents, dated 5th May, in the 4th of her Majesty's reign, had been
graciously pleased to make the grants in that Act provided and contemplated, and farther reciting another " Act for the
settling of the honours and dignities of John Duke of Marlborough upon his posterity, and annexing the Honour and
Manor of Woodstock and House of Blenheim to go along with the said Honours ;" which provided, that " for perpetuating
the memory of the several great actions performed by the said Duke, and for settling and continuing the several titles and
honours, and the right of precedence in his posterity," it was enacted, " That in default of heirs male of the body of the
said Duke of Marlborough, the states, degrees, titles, &c. should be vested in the Lady Henrietta, eldest daughter of the
said Duke, and wife of Francis Godolphin, Esq. son and heir apparent of Sidney Lord Godolphin, Lord High Treasurer of
England, and the heirs male her body : and for default of such issue, should be vested in Anne Countess of Sunderland,
second daughter of the said Duke, and wife of Charles Earl of Sunderland, and the heirs male of her body: and for
default, &c. in Elizabeth Countess of Bridgewater, third daughter of the said Duke, and wife of Scroope Earl of Bridge-
water, and the heirs male of her body : and for default, &c. in the Lady Mary, youngest daughter of the said Duke, and
wife of John Montague, Esq. called Marquess of Monthermer, son and heir apparent of Ralph Duke of Montague, and the
heirs male of her body begotten, and for default, &c. in all and every other the daughter and daughters of the said Duke
to be begotten severally and successively ; and their heirs males of their respective bodies issuant : and for default, then
in the first daughter of the said Lady Henrietta Godolphin, and the heirs male of such first daughter," &c. &c.
And " that the said honours should continue and be vested in all the issue of the said Duke, so long as any such issue,
male or female, shall continue: that the Duke should stand seised of all the said Honour and Manor of Woodstock,
manors, house, possessions, &c. without impeachment of waste, and from and after his decease, that the same should be
and remain, &c, to Sarah Duchess of Marlborough, his wife, during life ; and after her decease, to the heirs males of the
Duke; and in default, to all and every daughter of the Duke and her heirs males, severally and successively, as before
expressed: —
" That the annuity or sum of 5000Z. provided to be settled upon the said Duke, as by Letters Patents issued in pursuance
of the Act, and dated 22 Dec. (1 Anne) be paid out of the revenue of the General Letter Office or Post-office ; to the
Duke of Marlborough, for and during the term of his natural life : afterwards, to Sarah Duchess of Marlborough, his
wife, for life ; then to the heirs male of the body of the Duke ; and in default, to all and every daughter of the said Duke,
and their heirs male respectively and successively." [Statute 5 Anne, cap. 4.]
OVER-WINCHENDON.
563
PEDIGREE OF CHURCHILL, DUKE of MARLBOROUGH.
Arms : Sable, a lion rampant, Arg. debruised with a bend Gules. Churchill.
Irms, granted 26 May, 1817 : Quartertly 1 and 4 S. a lion ramp. Arg. in a canton of the last a cross Gu. Churchill. 2 and 3 quarterly 1 and 4 Arg.
2 and 3 Gu. a frette Or. surtout on a bend S. three escalops Arg. Spencer. On an escutcheon of pretence in the centre chief point Arg. a cross Gu.
fbemg an Augmentation to Winston Churchill, Esq. of Minstern, co. Dorset, in 1661) surmounted by another escutcheon Az. three fleurs-de-lis Or. for
the Honour of Woodstock : and for a mantle, the Imperial eagle displayed double-headed S. in each mouth a mound Or. surmounted by a ducal coronet.
Supporters : dext. a griffin ramp, collared ducally, chained Or. sinist. a Wyvern ramp, chained Or. Motto : Dieu defend le Droit. Crest ; Out of a
ducal coronet a griffin's head between two wings erect.
GiTTO DE Leon, 1055.—
Richard, Lord of Montalbon.
Wandril, Lord of Courcil.^pIsAUELLA de Tuva
Roger de Courselle, mentioned in Domesday Survey, 1066.=pGehtrude, dau. of Sir Guy de Torbay.
I '
DE KlLRINGTON.
COURCILS
of
Poictou.
Sir Bartholomew de Chur
L, killed in the Wars of King Stephen.=pAGNEs, dau. of Ralph Fitz-Ralph, Lord of Tiverton.
Roger; had free vvaiTen in Cherchile, co. Somerset, temp. Edw. l.=p
Ivv. 1. 1316.]=fSarah, dau. of Sir Hugh Wildworthy, of Wildyard, co. Devon. [CoUins's Bar. says,
r -^ Dorothy of the family
ARTHOLOMEw.^ of Columbicre.]
Churchill, of Rockbear, co. Devon.=T=
iiLL, Esq.=p
Charles Churchill, Esq. of Rockbear, co. Devon, temp. Edw. 4. said to=f=MAnGAnET, dau. and hr. of Sir William
be descended from Roger de Curcelle, temp. Will. Conq. [See p. I.] Widville, brother of Richard Earl Rivers.
Thomas Churchill.^
ill.=pMa
, dau. and co-h. of Tho. Tylle, of Tylle-House, co. Devon,
eld. dau. of Richard Creuse, of Wycroft-Castle, co. Devon.
of=pjANE, dau. of William Peverell, of Bradford,
I CO. Dorset, wid. of Nicholas Blegg, Esq.
William Churchill, of
Corston, co. Dorset.
Churchill, of Muston.
Matthew Chur
, of Bradford, co. Dorset =pAlice, dau. of James Gold, of Dorchester.
ER Churchill, of Bradford.=pELiZABETH, dau. of John Chaplet, of Herringston.
Mary Allen.^John Churchill, of Mi
Ob.circ. 1675. Esq. Barrister-at-Law.
Sir Winston Churchill, Knt. of Wotton-=pEi
Glanvil, CO. Dorset, born 1620 ; Knighted,
1663 ; M. p. for Weymouth, 1661 ; for
Lyme-Regis, 1685 to 1688; F.R.S. Ob.
26 Mar. 1688, bur. at St. Martin's-in-the-Fields,
CO. Middlesex, aet. circ. 68.
i,=pSarah, dau. and co-h. of Sir Henry Win
I cester, by Dionise his wife, dau. and co-!
ABETH, dau. of Sir John Drake, of Ashe,
Devon, by Eleanor, dau. and co-h. of
John Lord Boteler, of Bramfield, co.
Herts, and Elizabeth, sister of George Vil-
liers Duke of Buckingham.
Sir Jouv Churchill, Knt. Bar-=pSusAN, dau. of
rister-at-Law, temp. Car. 2 ; I Edmund Pri-
M.P. for Newtown, Hants, 1678; deaux, Esq.
Bristol, 1685. |
1. Win- 2. John Churchill, b. at Ashe, co. Devon,^
STON 24 May,1650 ; Page of Honour to James D.
Chu RCH- of York ; Lt.-Col. 1673; IMaster of the Robes
ILL, eld. to the D. of York ; Col. of Dragoons; attend-
son, died ed the Duke of York twice into Scotland ;
young. created Baron Churchill of Eyemouth, in
Scotland, 21 Dec. 1682 (34 Car. 2.); Am-
bassador to France, March, 1684-5; Baron Churchill of
Sandridge, co. Herts, 14 May, 1685 (1 Jac. 2.); Privy-
Councillor and Ld. of the Bed-Chamber, Feb. 1688-9 ;
Earl of Marlborough, 9 April, 1689 (1 Will. & Mary);
Lord of the Regency, 1698, 9, and 70; Commander-in-
Chief of the English Forces, 1701 ; Marquess of Blandford
and Duke of Marlborough, 14 Dec. 1702 (1 Anne);
K.G. 1703: conqueredtheFrenchand Bavarians at Blen-
heim, 2 Aug. 1704; created by the Emperor Joseph 1.
Prince of the Holy Roman Empire ; ' confirmed by the
Emperor Charles 6. 24 Nov. 1714; retired 31 Dec. 1711
(9 Anne) ; Capt.-Gen. of the Forces and aiast. of the
Ordnance, 24 Sept. 1714. Ob. at Windsor-Lodge, 16
June, buried in Westminster-Abbey, 9 Aug. 1722;
removed to Blenheim.
=Sarah, dau. &
3. Geo.
4. Cbas. =
=MARy,
co-heiress of
Church-
Church-
dau. and
Ric. Jennings,
ill, b. 29
ill, b. 2
sole hr. of
Esq. of Sand-
Feb.
Feb.
James
ridge CO. Herts
1653-4;
1656-7 ;
Gould,
by Frances,
Admiral
Gen. in
Esq. of
dau. & co-h. of
of the
theArmy ;
Dorches-
Sir Gifford
Blue;
Gov.ofthe
ter,mar. m
Thornhurst,
M.P. for
Tower of
1702 ;
Bt. of Agnes-
St Albans,
London
mar. 2dly
Court; b.29
1685 to
and Is. of
to Jlonta-
May, 1660;
1708.
Guern-
gue Ber-
mar.l681;will
Ob. coel.
sey ; M.P.
tie, Earl
dated, 11 Aug.
8 May,
for Wey-
of Abing-
1744; ob.
1710;
don.
vidua in Lon-
bmied in
1701;
[PEDIG.of
don, 18 Oct.
Westmin-
Ob. 29
Bertie]
1744; bur. at
Dec.
Blenheim.
Abbey.
1714,
bur. at
Minstern,
co.Dorset.
7. Theo-
Mary, ob. inf.
bald
Dorothy, ob.
Church-
inf.
ill, of
Barbara, ob.
Qu. Coll.
inf.
Oxford,
Arabella, b.
A.M.
16 Mar. 1648;
1683;
mar. to Colonel
ob.
Charles God-
ccelebs.
frey. Master of
3 Dec.
the Jewel
1685,
Office; ob.
bur. at St.
May, 1730.
Martin's-
in-the-
Fields,
Westm.
on John Duke of MARLBOnouGH,
' The Lordship of Mindelheim having been erected into a Principality, was bestowed by the Emperc
Fief of the Empire, in consideration of his signal services to the Emperor and all the States of Germany ; which Principality was held by his Highness until
1714, when by the Peace of Radstadt, the Elector of Bavaria was restored to Mendelheim with the rest of his Dominions ; but the title of Prince and a seat
in the Diet of the Empire, as an Electoral Prince, was specially reserved to the Duke of Marlborough and bis posterity.
564
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
.lOHN,
.Marquess
of Bland-
ford, b.
13 Jan.
FnANCis,
Earl of
Godol-
phin. Vis.
Rialton.
Baron of
Helms-
tone, Gov.
of S^cilly-
Islands;
ob. 17
1. Heniii-
ET.A, eld.
dau. and co-
heiress, b. 19
July,l681-2
raar. 1698 ;
Duchess of
Marl-
1722; ob.
24 Oct.
I733,bur.ia
Westminster
Abbey, 9
Nov. a!t. 53.
co-hr. of
Henry
Duke of
ob. ..
June,
1698.
CiiARtES, third =
Earl of Sunder-
land, K.G. Prin.
See. of State ; Ld.
Lt. of Ireland,
1715; Vice-Trea-
surer of Ireland ;
Prin. Sec. of State
second time ; Ld.
President of the
Council; first
Com. of the Trea-
sury. Ob. 19Apl.
1722, bur. at
Brington, CO. Nor-
thampton.
second
dau. and
co-heiress
Jan.1699;
ob. 15
Apl. bur.
at Bring-
ton, 24
Apl.
1716.
3. \V.
■JuDETH, dau.
and co-hr. of
Benj. Tich-
borne. Esq.
second son of
Sir Will. Tich-
borne,Knt. and
brother to Hen.
Viscount Tich-
borne; mar,
2dly to Sir
Rob. Sutton,
K.B.of
Broughton, co.
Lincoln. ob.l7
May, 1749.
3. Eliza- =
BETH, third
dau. and co-
heiress, b.
1687 ; mar.
1703 (as his
first wife)
ob. March
22, 1714,
bur. 29 Mar.
al Little-
Gaddesden.
SCROPE
Egerton,
4th Earl
& Ist Duke
of Bridge-
water, b. 1 1
Aug. 1681 ;
ob. 11 Jan.
1744, bur. at
Lit. Gaddes-
den, CO.
Herts.
[Pedigree
of Egerton,
in Pitston.-]
:RaCHEL
RossEL.dau.
of Wriothes-
ley Duke of
Bedford ;
mar. 4 Aug.
1722 ; 2dly
Dec. 1745,
to Sir Ric.
Lyttleton,
K.B. ob.
22 iMay,
1777.
JohnMoun-=
TAGU,
Marquess of
Monthermer
son and hr. of
Ralph Duke
of INIonta-
gTi ; efter-
wards Duke
of aionta-
gu, K.G.
& K.B. ob.
5July,1749.
[Pedig. of
Montagu.]
■A. Marv,
fourth
dau. and
co-heiress.
mar. 31
March,
1705:
l.WlLLIAM,=
=Maria
Henri-
Makv,
1. Ro-
2. Ro-
Charles, 2d Duke of=j
=EL.ZABETn,
John =;
_
T.
Visct.Rial-
Catha-
etta ,
bert,
bert
Marlborough 5th Earl
sole dau. of
Spen-
ton and
rine,
eld.dau
est dau.
Lord
fourth
of Sunderland, b. 22
Thomas 2d
CER, of
]
aiarquess of dau. of
b. 12
b. 23
Spen-
Earl of
Nov. 1706; Lord-Lieut.
LordTrevor.
Al-
h
Blandford,
Peter
April,
Nov.
cer, b.
Sunder-
and Cust. Rot. of Oxon
by Elizabeth
thorpe,
'
b. 6 Feb.
deJong,
1701;
1723;
2 Dec.
land, b.
and Backs, 1738-9, Ld.
sole dau.&
f
1698-9 ;
of
mar. 2
mar. 26
1700;
24 Oct.
oftheBedchamber,1739,
hr. of Timo-
M. P. for
Utretch
April,
June,
ob. 12
1701;
K. G. 1742; Lt.-Gen.
thy Burrel,
amp.
9
Woodstock
mar. ..
1717,to
1740,
Sep.
died at
1747 ;Ld. Steward of the
Esq. of
[See
(
1727;
2dly to
Tho.
to Tho.
1701.
Paris, 27
Household&P.C.1749;
Cuckfield,
Pedig.
1.
L.L.D.
Sir
Holies,
Osborne
Sept.
of
at Oxon.
Will.
Duke of
fourth
1729,
1750-52-55 ; Ld. Privy
mar. 23
Spen-
■\
Ob. 24
Wind-
New-
Duke of
coelebs ;
Seal, 1755 ; Mast.-Gen.
May, 1732;
cer
0
Aug. 1731,
ham;
castle;
Leeds,
bur. at
of the Ordnance, Dec.
ob. 17 Oct.
Earl
0
2!-L.rv.
ob.
ob. 17
K.G.;
Brington,
1755; Col. of the Royal
1761, vidua.
Sl'EN-
i
Sept.
July,
ob. 6
17 Oct.
Artillery; Com.-in-Ch.in
[Pedigree
of Trevor.]
C1.R.]
(
ob. juv.
1779.
1776.
Aug.
1729.
Germany, 1758: ob. at
A-
c
s.p.
1764.
Munster, 20 Oct. 1758,
bur. at Blenheim.
George, 3d Duke of=
Marlborough, b. 26 Jan.
1738-9; Lord-Lt. and
Cust. Rot. of Oxon,
1760; Lord Chamber-
lain to the King, and
Pr. Cr. 1762; Lord
Privy Seal, 1763; K.G.
1768; Gov. of the
Charter-House ; High-
Steward of Woodstock ;
LL.D. ; will dated 3
March, 1812; ob at
Blenheim, 30 Jan. 1817,
bur. at Coombe. co.Oxon.
Caro-
line, only
John 4th
Duke of
Bedford,
b. Jan.
1742-3;
mar. 23
Aug.
1762; ob.
at Blen-
heim, 26
Nov.
1811.
2. Lord Charles Spencer,-
b. 31 Mar. 1740; M. P.
for Oxon, 1761 to 1790,
and 1796 to 1801 ; Comp-
troller of the King's House-
hold and P. C. 1763 ; Ld.
of the Admiralty, 1768 ;
Treasurer of the Chamber,
1779; V. Trea. of Ireland,
1782; Post-Mast.-General,
1801 : ob. at Petersham,
CO. Surrey, 16 July, 1820.
=pMary, dau. of
Vere 1st Lord
Vere.of Han-
worth, by'JMary
dau. and hr. of
Tho. Cham-
bei-s, Esq. of
Hanworth ; b.
4 Dec. 1743;
mar. 2 Oct.
1762; ob. 30
Jan. 1812.
John Spencer, son and heir;
ob. 11 Dec. 1802, at Sion-Hill,
CO. Middlesex.
3. Lord Rouert
Spen'cer, b. 8 May,
1747; M.P. for
Woodstock, 1768 to
1771 ; Oxford, 1771
to 1790 ; Wareham,
1790 to 1802 ; Tavi-
stock, 1802 to 1807 ;
Woodstock, 1818 to
1820; Commisioner
of Trade and Planta-
tions, 1790; Vice-
Treasurer of Ireland,
1782.
Lady Dia.n'a,
11 Oct.
1731, at Blen-
to John
4thDuke of Bed-
ford, K.G. Ob.
27 Sep. bur.
t. 1735, at
Chenies.
L\DV Anne,
mar. to William, Ist
Vise. Bateman,
of Ireland, K.B.
ob. 19 Feb.
bur. at
Great- Veldham
CO. Essex.
Lady Duna, bom 24 Mar,
1733-4 ; mar. 1st to Frede
rick 3d Viscount Boling
broke and St. John, 9 Sept.
1757 ; divorced by Act o:'
Parliament, 10 Mar. 1763
mar. 2dly to the Hon. Top.
ham Beauclerk, son and hr.
of Lord Sydney Beauclerk,
12 March, 1768 : ob. Aug.
1808.
Lady Elizabeth, born 29
Dec. 1737; mar. 13 Mar.
1756, to Henry 10th Earl of
Pembroke and Montgomery.
George Spencer Churci
4th Duke of Marlborough,
born G March 1766; M. P.
for Oxon, 1790 to 1796 ;
Tregony, 1802 to 1806 ; Ld.
of the Admiralty, 1804 ;
Baron Spencer of Wor.m-
LEIGIITON (21 July, 1603,
1 Jac. l.)bywrit Feb. 1806;
took the name of Churchill,
by lie. 26 May, 57 Geo. 3.
LL=pSuSAN, 2d
dau. of John
(Stewart)8th
Earl of Gal-
loway & 1st
Baron Stew-
art in Eng-
land, K.T. ;
mar. 15
Sept. 1791.
Lord Henry John
Spencer, b. 20 Dec.
1770; M.P. forWood-
stock, 1790 to 1795 ;
Envoy Extraordinary
to Sweden, 1793; to
Pi-ussia, 1795: ob. at
Berlin, 3 July, 1795;
bur. at Ardley ; re-
moved to Coombe.
Lord Francis ;
Aljiaric Spen-
cer, b. 26 Dec.
1779 ; M. P. for
Oxon, 1801 to
1815; Baron
Churchill of
Saudridge, by
George =pJane, dau.
INIariii
of Bland-
ford, b.
27 Dec.
1793.
of George
9th Earl of
Galloway,
2d Baron
Stewart, b.
29 March,
1798.
Lord Char- Lord George
Lts, T). 3 b. 13 May,
Dec. 1794; 1796; of
mar. 24 Eman.-CoU.
Aug. 1827, Camb. A.M.
toEtheldred 1822; mar. 13
July, 1824; to
Eliz. dau. of
Edw. Nares,
D.D. by Lady
Charl. Spencer
dau. of Geo. 3d
Duke of Marl-
borough.
Paten
(55 Ge
1815.
Lady
Caroli:
b.2bNc
July,
:Francis 6th 1. Caroline, b. 27 Oct. 1763 ; mar. 10 March,
dau. of Au- 1792, to Hen. Agar Ellis, 2d Visct. Clifden and
gustus Hen . Baron Mendip : ob. at Blenheim, 23 Nov. 1813.
3rd Duke of 2. Elizabeth, b. 20 Dec. 1764; mar. 5 Feb.
Grafton, 1790, to John Spencer, sonand hr. of Lord Chas.
K.G. b. 1 Spencer, ob. 10 Jan. 1802.
June. 1780; 3. Charlotte, b. 18 Oct. 1769 ; mar. 16 Apl.
mar. 25 1797, to Edw. Nares, D.D. Vic. of Biddenden,
June, 1800. co. Kent, son of the Hon. Mr. Justice Nares:
ob. 10 Jan. 1802.
4. Anne, b. 5 Nov. 1773 ; mar. 10 Dec. 1796 :
to Cropley 7th Earl of Shaftesbury.
5. Amelia-Sophia, b. 8 Sept. 1785; mar. 22
Sept. 1812. to Henry Bitches Boyce, Esq.
Cath.2d dau.
of John Ben-
net, Esq.
M. P. for
Wilts.
1. Francis-George.
2. George-Augustus.
3. Aiigustus-Almaric.
4. William-Henry.
5. Henry.
6. John.
7. RODEIIT.
C.vROLiNE-EiizABETH, mar.
22 June, 1830, to Robert
Lord Clonbrock.
Frances.
Louisa.
OVER-WINCHENDON.
565
PEDIGREE OF SPENCER, from ROBERT LE DESPENCER, Steward to WILLIAM the
CONQUEROR, to CHARLES third EARL of SUNDERLAND, temp. Will. 3.
From the most authentic sources, collated with the Family evidences of his Grace the Duke of Marlborough and Earl Spencer, with extracts from a
Book in the Althorpe Collection, containing the Genealogical Descents, collected and certified by Sir Isaac Heard, Knt. Garter King of Arms, dated
Arms : Quarterly 1 and 4 Speii
I the arms of the Duke of Mai
proper c
with the
Honourable Geokge-John Earl Spencer,
it, supporters, and motto,
Galfrid, or Geoffrey le Despencer, (son and hr. of Thurstan le De-=
spencer) descended in the Fifth Generation from Robert le Despencer,
Steward to William the Conqueror : reputed Founder of the Convent of
Liltle-Maiiow before the reign of John: ob. 1251,(36 Hen. 3.)
Hugh le Despencer, Justiciary of=
England, 49 Hen. 3 : kUled at the
battle of Evesham, 5 Aug. 1265. (49
He
:Aliva, or Alicf, dau, and hr. of Geffrey le Despencer,
Philip Basset, Lord of VVijcnmbe, and Marchley, co. Worcester :
Widow of Robt. Bigot, Earl of Nor- (1242) 26 Hen. 3.
folk: ob. 9 Edw. 1.
of=pEMMA DE St. John, had
). I custody of John, son and
of Geoffrey le De-
spencer, 35 Hen. 3.
Hugh le Despencer, Earl of Alianore, mar. to Hugh Cour-
Winchester : 20 Edw. 2 : be- tenay. Earl of Devon. [See
headed 1326 : sed. qu ? Pedig. of Courteney, p. 471.]
Sir William Spen
JoANE, dau. of Rob. le Lou ,=
=SiR John Spencer, Knt.=^ANNE,
knighted 40 Hen.
1274.
p.
. of Defford, co. Worcester : ob. 1328.=
; Spencer, of Stanley, Co. Gloucester, 1349, 23 Edw. 3.=i
John Spencer, Esq. of Defford,
IVlCHOLAS 5
Esq. of Defford, co. Worcester
Thomas Spencer, eld.
, of Badby, co.=j=Isabel, dau. and co-hi
lied 1476. | of Henry Lincohi.
Keeper of the Gt. Wardrobe, temp. Hen. 5.=pAlice, dau. of Giles Deverell.
dau. of Rich. Pollard, of co. Kent.
WiLLiAM=f=MARGARET, dau. of Gilbert Cleere, or Clare.
IN Spencer, ob.= Alice, mar. to William
"C
leighton,
-=y=. . . . dau. and hr.
I of ... . Warstede.
Tho
William.
John.
William Spencer, eld.,
son and hr. of Rodburne,
CO. Warwick : 1 Hen. 7.
1485.
Elizadeth, sister of Rich.
Empson, Knt. of Easton-
Neston, co. Northamp-
JoHN Spen-:
cer, of Hod-
Salop.
=jANE,3ddau. and
co-hr. of Walter
Grant, of Salt-
marshe.
Sir John Spencer, Knt. of Worm-=f=/sa6e(, dau. and co-hr. of Walter
leighton. Sheriff of co. Northampton,
3 Hen. 8 : ob. 14 April, 1522 : bur.
at Brington.
, of Snitterfield, co. Warwick.
, of Badby .T
4-
Jane, mar. to .. . .
Smith, of Sherford.
Margaret, dau.
and hr. of John
Smith, of Old, co
Northampton.
Sir William Spen-=
CER, Knt. knighted,
1529: SheriffofNorth-
amptonshire, 23 and
24 Hen. 8: ob. 22
June, 1532.
;Susan, dau. of Sir Anthony,
Richd.Knightley.Knt. ob.s. p. bur.
of Fawesley.co.North- at Worm-
ampton. leighton.
Jane, mar. to Sir Ric. Knightley, of Fawesley, co. Northampton : or (qu ?) Ric. his
son.
Isabel, mar. to Sir Nich. Stretley, of Stretley, co Notts : ob. 1560.
Dorothy, mar. to Sir Ric. Catesby, of Ashby Ledgers, Knt. ob. 1553.
Elizabeth, mar. to John, son and hr. of Edw. Greville, Esq. of Milcott, co. Warwick.
Sir John Spencer, Knt. of=j=KATHEniNE, dau. of Sir Thos. Is.ibbl, mar. to Sir John Cotton, Knt. of Lanwade, CO. Camb: ob. 1593, fet.
Althorpe. co. Northampton: '" " "" " ' -.--.---
Sheriff of Northamptonshire,
5Edw. 6. andlS Eliz. M.P.
force. Northampton, 1 Mary,
and 4 and 5 Philip and Slary :
ob. 8 Nov. 1586.
Kitson, Knt. of Hengrav
Suffolk, by Margaret, dau.
and hr. of John Donnington,
Esq.
Rich. Bridges, K.B. of Shefford : 2dly, to Sir Simon Harcourt, Kt.
[Pedigree of Harcourt.]
Dorothy, mar. to Thomas Spencer, Esq. of Everdon and Badby: ob. 17 Aug. 1576.
Anne, mar. to Sir John Goodwyn, Knt. of Ooer-Winchendon : ob. 1597.
Mary, mar. to Thomas Bowles, Esq. of Wallington, co. Herts.
Sir John =
Spencer,
Kt. knight-
ed 1588 :
M.P. for
Northamp-
ton, 14 Eliz.
Sheriff of
Northamp-
tonshire, 33
Eliz. ob. 9
Jan. 1599 :
bur. at
Brington.
Mary, dau.
and hr. of
Sir Robert
Catelin, Ld.
Chief Jus-
tice of Eng-
land ; mar.
11 Sept.
1566: mar.
2d!y, to
Edw. Glass-
cote, Esq.
of Gray's-
Inn ; and
3dly, to Sir
Robt. Fow-
ler, Knt.
Thomas :
Spencer,
of Claver-
don, CO.
War-
wick :
Custos
Brevium
of Bed-
fordshire :
ob.SNov.
1580:
bur. at
Claver-
Mary,
dau. and
hr. of
Cheeke,
Esq.
Sir Wil- =j=M.
CER, Knt. of
Oxon:M.P.
for Ripon,
27 Eliz. ob.
18 Dec.
dau.
of Francis
(qu?Will)
Bowyei
Edward
Spencer,
bap. 14
Aug.
15G1: ob.
Esq. Aid. s, p.
don : ob.
19 June,
[Hist, of
North-
.p. 109.]
Spencer
of
Yaenton.
Sir Rich- =
ARD Spen-
cer, Knt. of
Offley,co.
Herts, M.P.
for East-
Looe, 27
Eliz. ; Beer-
alston, 31
Eliz; Brack-
ley, 39 Eliz.
and I Jac.
=Helen, dau.
and co-hr.
of Sir John
Brocket,
Knt. of
Hall, by
Helen, dau.
and co-hr.
of Sir Robt.
Lytton, Knt.
of Kneb-
worth, CO.
.Herts.
Spencer
Offley.
Horseheath
Middlesex.
Elizabeth, i
don, K.G.
lington, Esq. of
mar. 1st to Giles Allii _
2dly to Edw. Eldrington, J:.sq. ot
[Pedig. of Allington, p. 14.J
lar. to Geo. (Carey,) 2d Baron Hu
ob. 9 Nov. 1603.
Katharine, mar. to Sir Thomas Leigh, Knt. of
Stoneleigh, co. Warwick : ob. Feb. 1626.
Mary, mar. to Sir Edward Aston, of Ixhall.
(or Parkhall) co. Stafford.
Anne, mar. 1st to Robt. Sackville, son and hr. ot
Thomas Lord Buckhurst: 2dly to Henry Lord
Compton: 3dly to Will. Stanley, Lord Mont-
eagle : d. 22 Sept. 1618.
Alice, mar. 1st to Ferdinando 5th Earl of Derby,
BaronStrange: 2dly to Thos. Egerton, Visc.Brack-
lejr: ob. 26 Jan. 1636: bur. at Harefield, co.
Middlesex. [Pedig. of Egerton in Pitston.]
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Sm Robert Spencib, Kt. Sheriff of co. Northampton, 44=
Eliz. cr. Baron Spenxeh, of Wormleighton, by Pat. 21 July,
1603, (1 Jac.) Ambassador to Wurtemburgh, 1603 ; ob.25
Oct. 1627 : bm'. at Brington.
■.Margaret, dau. and co-hr. of Sir Fra. JVil- Alice, only dau. mar, to Sir Thomas
imghby, ofWollaton, co. Nott^. mar. 15 Feb. Lucy, Knt. of Charlcott, co. Warwick.
1537 : ob. 17 Aug. 1597 : bur. 19 Oct. at
Brington.
John Spencer,
uu. vita patris
at Blois in
France, 1612.
Sir William =
Spen-cer,K.B.
2nd Baron
Spencer, bap.
4 Jan. 1591-2,
K.B. 4Nov.
1616,JM.P.for
CO. Northamp-
ton, 18 and 21
Jac. and 1 Car.
1: ob. 19Dec.
1636: bur. 27
Dec. at Bring-
dau. of Henry
Wrottesley,3rd
Earl of South-
ampton : ob.
16 July, 1667:
bur. at Bring-
sin KirnATiti
Spencih, Knt.
of Orpington,
CO. Kent: bap.
21 Oct. 1593:
M.P. for
Northampton,
18 and 21 Jac
1,1 and 3 Car.
1 : ob. 1 Nov.
1661, a!t. 61:
bur. at Orping-
:5Iary, dau. of Sir Edwabd
y.y, dau. of iuahy, i
I Sir Richard i
Sir Edwin San-
Spencer, Knt.
dys, of North-
bap. 2 War.
bourne-Place,
1594-5: M.P.
CO. Kent : ob.
for Brackley,
26 Oct. 1675:
18 and 21 Jac.
bur. at Orping-
ton, a;t. 68.
1 , Car. 1 : ob.
16Feb.l655-6.
s. p. bur. at
Brington.
John Gold-
smith, Esq. of
AVelby, CO.
Suffolk,
wid. of Sir Wil-
liam Reade,
Knt. of Oster-
ley, CO. Mid-
dlesex.
Elizabeth,
mar. 3 Sep.
of Fleel-Mar
Pendley. [Pedigree of Ander-
SON, p. 321.]
3 Nov. 1589:
to Sir G. Fane,
Knt. of Barston, co. Kent, brother
of Fra. 1st Earl of Westmoreland :
ob. 1618, s. p. bur. at Westmin-
ster.
Mahcjaret, bap. 14 Aug. 1597:
ob. 6 Dec. 1613 : bur. at Bring-
ton.
Henrv, 3d =j=DoR
Spencer, b,
23 Nov.
1620, at Al-
thorpe : cr.
by Pat.
Earl of
Sunder-
land, 8
June, 19
Car. 1 :
slain at New-
bury Fight,
CO. Berks,
20 Sept.
1643.
=Elizabeti:
Richard
of Robert
bap. 2 Feb.
2d Earl of
1628-9 ;
Leicester ;
M.P. for
mar. at Pens-
Brackley,
hurst, CO.
1661 : cr.
Kent, 20
Viscount
July, 1639 :
Teviot, in
mar. 2dly to
Scotland, by
Sir Robt.
James 2d
Smythe, Kt.
1686: ob...
of Hone and
s. p.
Bounds, CO.
Kent,8July,
1652: ob.
Feb. 1684-5.
Thos.
Spen-
cer, of
Yarn-
Spencer, of
AshtonHall,
CO. Lancas-
ter : bap. 30
April, 1630,
ob. 1687-8 :
bur. at
u. of Dut- Spencer,
ton, 3d
Baron Ger-
rard, of
Bromley, co.
Stafford.
bap. 3 Oct.
1631 : bur.
11 Feb.
1653-4, at
Brington.
bap. 15
INIay,
Spencei
bap. 16
July,
1635:
ob. inf.
Robert, 2d Earl of Sunderland, K.G. 4th Baron Spen-=pANNE Digby, youngest dau.
cer; Ambassador to Bladrid and Paris, 1671-2; Privy of Geo. 2d Earl of Bristol,
Councillor 1647 ; Secretary of State, 1682 ; Lord President | and sister and co-h. of John,
of the Council, 1685; K.G. 1687; Lord Chamberlain, 1 3d Earl of Bristol: ob. 16
and Lord of the Regency, 1697; ob. at Althorpe 28 April, 1715: bur. 26 at
Sept. 1702 : bur. at Brington. Brington.
Dorothy, mar. 1656,
to Sir Geo Saville, Bt.
afterwards Marquess of
Halifax.
Penelope, ob. inf.
Charles, 3d Ea
[See Pedigree oi
l.ELizABETH,b.l6Feb.l617-8,
mar. 1st to John 1st Lord
Craven, 4 Dec. 1634: 2dly,
to Hen. Howard, 3d son of
Thos. 1st Earl of Berkshire :
3dly to William 1st Lord
Crofts : ob. s. p. 1677.
2.MARv,bap.20Feb.l621-2.
ob. 12 July, 1622 : bur. at
Brington.
3. Anne, bap. 22 Aug, 1623:
mar. to Sir Robert Townshend,
(son of Sir Roger T.) of
Rainham.
4. Kathehine, bap. 14 Nov
1624 : ob. innupt.
5. Alice, bap. 29 Dec. 1625:
mar. to Henry (Moore) 1st
Earl of Drogheda, in Ireland ;
ob. 1675.
6. Margaret, bap. 19 July,
1627 ; mar. to Antony Ash-
ley 1st Earl of Shaftesbury ;
ob. s.p. 1693,
7. Rachel, bap. 28 May,1634;
bur. at Brington, 17 May,
THE MANSION-HOUSE
of the Goodwyns and Whartons was built on the brow of an eminence south-east of the Church. It
was enlarged, if not entirely rebuilt, by Thomas Marquess of Wharton. The gardens and parterre
were esteemed superior to any in the county, when that nobleman resided here ; and this seat was
" celebrated for a fine collection of orange trees ;'" but it is unfortunate, that neither plan nor des-
cription of the place has been discovered to afford a specimen of the style of Dutch gardening, of
which Lord Wharton was one of the mosl eminent patrons both at Winchendon and Wooburn. The
rectilinear terrace walks and divisions of the garden south of the Mansion may, however, still be
traced, flanked on the east by a grove termed (now very appropriately) the Wilderness ; and on the
west by tiie kitchen garden about three acres in extent, enclosed with a lofty brick wall in which the
flues still remain, and some of the standard trees such as the fig and pear tree continue their attach-
ment to the natale solum. Part of a green-house also remains ; and tradition points to the site of the
Bowling-green, the constant accompanyment of an old English country seat.
Of the buildings, only a small portion of the north-western angle of the inferior offices are standing,
in which are apartments with old wainscot, and the piers of a large gateway, and an arch on the west
lagn. Brit. vol. i. p. 664.
OVER-WINCHENDON. 567
side communicating with the court-yard ; and a large and magnificently designed stable, having car-
ved pillars, cornices, mangers, racks, and a stuccoed ceiling, party gilt, indicative of the splendor
of its ancient possessors.
After the estate came into the possession of Charles second Duke of Marlborough, the house was
taken down; and by an agreement, dated 1 March, 1758, John Russell, of Aylesbury, purchased
" all the materials of the building with the iron grates," (qu. gates ?) " palisadoes, and stone images,
in and about the gardens, and all the lead pipes lying to the water-house, except part of the Mansion
south of the great kitchen, and west of the green-house, and except the stables, cow-house, and
other buildings, thereto adjoining, which were to be left entire, with the walls or partitions then
standing between the kitchen and the green-house, and that part of the mansion, excepted ; as also,
except all the marble window slabs, chimney pieces, slips, slabs, pictures, looking glasses, brewing
and washing coppers and coolers, underbacks, mash tubs, and all other goods and furniture in and
about the said premises ; and also, all the brick and stone walls in and about the gardens, at the
price of 1400L to be paid by instalments.'"
The remains of the Mansion were subsequently occupied, by permission of George Duke of Marl-
borough, K. G. during many years, by a family of the name of Vassar, a domestic servant of his
Grace, who held the office of a steward or bailiff here ; subsequently by others of the same class ; and
since by tenants.
In the Grove, or Wilderness, on the eastern verge of the gardens, is a small turreted brick building,
originally erected by Thomas Marquess of Wharton, for the residence of a favourite lady. Its situa-
tion, though solitary, commanded a remarkably fine view, embracing the Race-course in Quainton-
meadow, and the adjacent fields, about two miles distant.
Some few portraits, which were in the old Mansion, are still to be found in the neighbourhood ;
and amongst them, evidently taken from the collection of the Whartons, a half-length portrait of a
nobleman, in a crimson mantle with worked or lace cravat, full-bottomed wig, supposed to have
been designed for Thomas Marquess of Wharton ; anothei', in a carved and gilt frame, two feet five
inches by two feet, a young man in a buff coloured vest, lined with scarlet and fastened at the breast
with two clasps of jewels ; over the right shoulder a crimson robe, plain cravat tied, a black wig, full
but short ; countenance handsome, with expressive eyes and arched eyebrows : this is probably Philip
Duke of Wharton, but represented more robust than in the portrait prefixed to his Memoirs, en-
graved by Vertue from a painting by Charles Jervis, and apparently taken when he was younger."
A portrait of a lady, about the middle age, with her hair powdered and formally dressed ; she
wears a blue robe lined with crimson ; round her left arm, at the shoulder, a single row of very large
pearls ; sleeves lined with white, edged with gold fringe, looped or fastened with a diamond button.
It has been variously conjectured that this was intended for one of the sisters of Philip Duke of
Wharton, of whom there is a slight resemblance in the countenance ; but, by others, supposed the
portrait of his mother, or one of his wives. It may, perhaps, be Lady Jane Coke, or Lady
Lucy Morice.
THE ADVOWSON, VICARAGE, OR DONATIVE.
The Advowson of the Church being, from a very early period, in the possession of the Canons of
Oxford, continued part of the endowment of St. Frideswide's Monastery until the Dissolution. In an
1 Ex. Archivis Prenobil. Georgii Ducis Marlborough, apud Woodstock.
2 A portrait of Philip Duke of Wharton is in the Royal Collection at Kensington Palace.
568 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
index to ancient Rolls in Lincoln Cathedral, mention is made of an ordination of the Vicarage of
Wynchendon, but it does not appear to be expressed whether of Over or Nether-Wynchendon ; and
no otiier authentic document being found, it is presumed that the Monks of St. Frideswide's provided
for the celebration of divine service here, as at other small curacies in the neighbourhood. In the
reign of Stephen a chapel is mentioned ; but in the Charter Rolls of King John it is called a church.
In 1291, at the Ecclesiastical Taxation of Pope Nicholas IV. the Church of Wynchendon superior
was rated at 51. 13s. 4f/. per ann.'^ Upon the dissolution of St. Frideswide's Monastery coming into
the King's hands, Henry VIII. granted this Rectory, with the manor and its appurtenances, to Cardinal
Wolsey, for the endowment of his new College in Oxford :" and this grant being subsequently re-
sumed, the estate here, which had belonged to St. Frideswide's, and the advowson of the Church, were
given to the family of Goodwyn.
In 1584 (27 Eliz.) Queen Elizabeth, in performance of certain covenants made 24th July, 1569,
and on the petition of Sir Tho. Wentvvorth, Lord Wentworth, granted to Theophilus Adams and
Thomas Butler, of London, Gent, inter, al. all such lands, tenements, tithes, and hereditaments, in
Over-Winchendon, Byrle alias Brill, Wornall, Ocley, and Burstall,^ to the Monastery or Priory of St.
Frideswide, late belonging, concealed, or unjustly detained from her Majesty or her progenitors, to the
said Theophilus Adams and Thomas Butler, and the heirs and assigns of Theophilus Adams for
ever, at the yearly rent of 10s. to hold by fealty in free soccage.*
In 1737, the Vicarage of Over-Winchendon, so called in the Bishop's Register, and in the instru-
ment of appropriation, was augmented with 200/. by lot from Queen Anne's Bounty; in 1755, with
200/. from the same; in 1817, with 200Z. by a Parliamentary grant.'^ In 1810, the benefice was
stated in the Diocesan Returns, to amount to 33/. 13.s. per ami. stipend of the Curate, 30/.'' In a
return made to the Governors of Queen Anne's Bounty it is called " a Vicarage ;'""' but the nomination
and appointment of the Ministers (though some of them have styled themselves Vicars), appears to
have been made solely by the patron, as in other donatives, without institution or induction ; and it is
stated in the returns made by the incumbent, to be a donative, believed by him extra episcopal, and
belonging to his Grace George Duke of Marlborouirh.'
James, (Capellanus) ^resewtedi, 1111, to the Vicarage JViUiam de Burstall, exchanged for the Rectory of
of the Church of Winchendon, by the Prior and Convent Bradenham, with
of St. Frideswide; as were all his successors, until 1349. Philip de 8 Cal. Feb. 1348.
Marcus dc Notke, 1-232. Jialjjh Serle, pr. 11 Cal. Aug. 1349, on the death of
Martin, died Vicar 1260. Philip, by the King, who then held the Temporalities
Michael, Presbyter, presented in 1260. of St. Frideswide's in his own hands.
Hugh de Dorcette, pr. on the death of INIichael, 2 Id. Robert Gi/lot, pr. 3 Id. Nov. 1350, by the Prior and
Dec. 1271. Convent of St. Frideswide's, on the resignation of Serle.
Richard, died Vicar 1314. He resigned, and was made Mcar of Wormenhall, being
Geoffrey dc Hedsore, pr. 12 Cal. Nov. 1314. succeeded here, by
mUiam de mielpinr/ton, pr. 9 Cal. Nov. 1316, on the John Test, pr. 6 Cal. Feb. 1361.
resignation of Hedsore, and exchanged for the Church Thomas Hitchcock, pr. by Thomas, Prior of St.
of St. Agnes, Aldersgate, London, with Frideswide's, 12 Sept. 1392. He died, and was suc-
John de Childmerch, 4 Cal. Jul. 1323. ceeded by
1 Taxat. Eccles. P. Nic. p. 34. 2 Rot. Pat. 17 Hen. VIII. Test. 1 Jul. ^ gee Boarstall, p. 91.
* Rot. Pat. 27 Eliz. Test. 2. Aug. s Hodgson's Account of Queen Anne's Bounty, p. 362.
•■' Diocesan Returns, 1812, p. 87 . i Return by the Rev. Frederick Cox, to the Duke of Buckingham and Chandos.
i
OVER-WINCHENDON.
569
John Wyse, pr. 23 Nov. 1412. He resigned.
William Furney, 11 Sept. 1447.
John Howel, alias Hale, pr. 1 July, 1462.
John Stodeley, Canon of St. Frideswide's, pr. 31 Jul.
1471, on the death of John Hale. He died in 1302,
and was buried in the Chancel.^
George Norton, died Vicar 1511.
John JVendlebury, pr. 26 Jul. 1511, by the Convent of
St. Frideswide. He resigned, and was succeeded by
Richard Foster, pr. 10 Mar. 1529, by the Dean and
Canons of Cardinal Thomas Wolsey's College in Oxford.
Anthony Evans, pr. 18 Oct. 1557, by John Goodwyn,
Gent. He resigned in 1559, upon being made Rector
of Broughton.
George Chapman, pr. 5 Nov. 1560, by John Goodwyn.
John Taylor occurs Vicar, 1598; and at his death was
succeeded by
John Maude, pr. 2 Aug. 1604, by Sir Fra. Goodwyn, Kt.
Gabriel Wilkinson, A. M. pr. 20 Nov. 1606, by Sir Fra.
Goodwyn, Knt. He resigned on being presented, in 1614,
to the Vicarage of Wooburn, by the same patron, and ched
there 21 Dec. 1638; being a contemporary with the
noted Henry Wilkinson, Rector of Waddesdon, and of
the same family.^
Matthew Walkeden, mstituted 13 SeTpt. 1615. He was
made Rector of Pitchcott in 1624, and died circ. 1633.^
George Burches, A.M. occurs in 1635. He is also
called George Burgesse; and in the Journals of the
House of Commons is the following entry : —
" Die Lunee, 6 Martii, 1642.
" Whereas George Burgesse, Clerk, Bachelor in Divinity,
late Vicar of the Vicarage of Upper Winchenden, in the
county of Bucks, the 22d day of June, 1642, did resign the
said Vicarage, together with all its rights, parts and appur-
tenances, into the hands of Thomas Bishop of Lincolne ; and
did then renounce his right, title, and possession in the said
Vicarage and Parish Church ; by which resignation the gift
of the said Vicarage and Presentation thereunto belongs
unto Arth. Goodwyn, Esquire, a Member of the House of
Commons ; who could not present his Clerk thereunto by
reason that the Bishop is not to be found, and the neces-
sary attendance of the said Mr. Goodwyn in the service of
the King and Parliament : so that the said Parish Church
remains yet void, and the Parishioners thereof do want the
care and comfort of a Vicar there ; for remedy whereof, and
supply of the said Cure, the .... and Commons do hereby
order, that Edward Perkins, Clerk, Chaplain to the said
Mr. Goodwyn, and a person well affected to the King and
Parliament, shall supply the Cure of the said Vicarage, and
officiate there : and shall take and receive all tythes, duties,
and "profits belonging to the said Vicarage, in as large and
ample manner as the said George Burches had, or ought to
have had and enjoyed the same, until both Houses of Par-
liament shall take further order herein."*
Edward Perkins, Clerk, Chaplain to Arthur Goodwyn,
Esq. so appointed by the House of Commons, 6 March,
1642; but how long he continued here is unknown.
Willis says,5 that Burches, whom he styles M. A. va-
cated this Vicarage in 1650, and that the Church was
supplied by two of the Ministers of Waddesdon ; but no
account of their names is preserved, and the respective
Portionists there appear to have been driven from their
livings about the same period.
Thomas Gilbert ejected for non-conformity in 1661.^
John Sprouston, pr. 12 Jan. 1662, by Philip Lord
Wharton.
Richard Woodhouse, A.M. pr. 18 Dec. 1667, by Phihp
Lord Wharton. He resigned on being presented to the
Vicarge of Stone, in 1668, by Sir Tho. Lee, and died
there in 1677.^
Henry Hibbins, licensed to this Cure in 1678,
occurs also as Minister here in 1679 and 1680. In 1682,
being then B.D. he was pr. to the second Portion of Wad-
desdon,^ and appears to have been succeeded here by
Laurence King ford, of St. Mary Hall, Oxford;
Minister in 1682; A.M. 1689. He was domestic
chaplain to Thomas Lord Wharton during many years ;
and being in 1705 presented to the second Portion of
Waddesdon,9 probably retained this small benefice
together with that living, until some years afterwards.
He died circ. 1726, and was succeeded by
Nathaniel Smalley, who was presented 25 Jan. 1714,
by the Queen, by lapse, He died in 1723, having been
also Vicar of Wooburn from 1684 to 1714, and after-
wards, until his death, first Portionist of Waddesdon.'"
Samuel Netham signs Vicar in 1723.'^
Henry Stanbridge, Minister in 1724.'-
HenryBecher, Curate, 1727."
George Salter, A.M. 1728; third Portionist of Wad-
desdon in 1734.'*
From the time of Lawrence Kingford (with, perhaps.
1 " Mr. Gabriel Wilkinson and Margery Baker were married at Waddesdon, 9 May, 1609." Waddesdon Regist. ;
see also Epitaph, p. 571. 2 See Waddesdon, p. 501, Wooburn.
3 PiTCHCOTT, p. 387. ■* Commons' Journals, vol. ii. p. 990. ^ mSS. in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon.
^ Samuel Clarke, Rector of Grendon-Underwood, is recorded to have been removed from that living in the same year,
and to have gone to Upper-Winchendon, but subsequently conformed, and became Teacher in a Conventicle at Wycombe.
See GaENDON-UNDERWooD, p. 259. ? Stone. s Page 502. 9 Ibid, and 497.
10 See page 497. " See Par. Reg. 12 ibid, 13 ibjd. i* See page 506-
VOL. I. 4 D
570
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
the single exception of his immediate successor, Na-
thaniel Smalley) the Church has been supplied by the
resident Minister of Waddesdon (whether Rector or
Curate) and, as is affirmed, without institution or in-
duction, on the nomination of the Patron as a Donative,
although some have stiled themselves Vicars of Winch-
endon, in the Parochial Registers, and on other occa-
sions, as did.
George Harry Chittij, who signs Vicar, and is so de-
nominated in the Register of Burials here, 8 Dec. 1793;
as also on his grave-stone in the churchyard. He held
the second Portion of Waddesdon, with this small
benefice, until his death;' and since that date no
separate Mintster has been appointed, but the re-
sident Minister at Waddesdon continues to officiate
here.
THE CHURCH
has the appearance here represented, and stands on the north side of the parish, a little westward of the
site of the mansion of the Goodwyns. The tower contains three bells, to which the spiral stairs of ascent
are within a small turret at the South-east angle, which has a pyramidal cap or dwarf spire. The
whole length of the edifice is about ninety feet. The principal entrance is on the southside :
and there is also a door in the western face of the tower, under an obtuse pointed arch ; above
which is a mullioned window of two cinquefoil-headed lights, with a quatrefoil in the spandril. In
the chancel are two lancet-shaped narrow windows at the east end, and three smaller on each side ;
and a little door on the south side. In the nave, on each side of the porch, is a square-headed
mullioned window of three lights, with plain moulding ; and near the east end, on the south side, are
two small windows.
In the aisle is a door under an obtuse pointed arch, between two windows with pointed arches, each
window consisting of two trefoil-headed lights ; that towards the east having three slipped trefoils in
the spandril, and the other a quatrefoil. At the west end of the aisle another window, which formerly
had mullions and tracery, has been closed.
In the upper story of the tower are four large windows cinquefoil-headed, which have formerly had
mullions.
A semi-circular Norman arch opens from the porch into the nave, which is separated from the aisle
by three plain semi-circular arches resting on strong piers.
In the windows of the aisle are fragments of coloured glass.
The font is very large, in the form of a drinking-glass, resting on a short octagon pedestal, and
standing under the central arch between the nave and north aisle.
Sec Waddesdon, p. 503.
OVER-WINCHENDON.
571
To the Communion-table is an ascent of three steps. The table has been removed from the east
wall, and a seat made behind it ; probably an alteration of the Presbyterians in the time of Cromwell.
In the chancel are the remains of a piscina ; and another on the east side of the door-way into the
nave. Within the Communion rails, affixed to the north wall, is a tablet of stone, with brasses inserted
thereon, containing the arms here depicted : Arms of Goodwyn, with impalements.
On a plate of brass below :
John Goodwyn Esquyer and Katheryn his Wyfe
XXX yeres in this Parrysshe led theire lyfe
They had xviij Chyldren and nowe they be gone
And here they lye bothe buryed under this Stone
Which John dyed y'^ xj"" day of Maye A°. Dni Mv'^lviij,
A large silk banner, part of a pennon, and a
helmet surmounted by the crest (a goat's head
erased collared ducally) is affixed to the east wall
of the chancel. A pair of gauntlets, formerly also
displayed here, have been some years lost. On
the banner the border of one of the quarterings is
charged with .... lions gambs saltirewise Or.^
On a slab in the pavement, under an arch be-
tween the chancel and the nave, below the effigies
of a priest in brass, his hands devoutly elevated in
prayer, are the following words :
Syr John Stodeley and hys mother Edytha= buryed lyen
under this marbyll stone have mynd of us forget us not
We pray to you frendys everych one that our soules in
blys may be say A pater noster wyth an Ave.
Huic ecclesie ppet' pfuit iste Vicari' a deo ut benedict'
amen. an", dfii xv^ij.
On a brown stone in the floor of the nave :
Here lies the Body of Edward Buckland, late of
Langley, in this County, who died Dee. 25'", 1766, aged
61 years.
On ordinary grave stones :
Wilham Bull decessed the 7 March 1690.
Hear lieth the Body of M". Ann, The Wife of M^
Lewis Fetto,^ who departed this Life March the 22''.
Anno Domini .... aged 66.
Here Ueth the body of Joane, the Wife of George
Gleere, who died the 20* day of Aprill, 1696, in the
seventy third year of his age.
This was probably set up at the interment of Thomas Marquess of Wharton.
•■' Page 51
572
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
In Memory of Vincent, son of John and Elizabeth
Moulder, who died May 10*, 1757, aged 14 years.
William Moulder, aged 6 weeks and one day, 1788.
In Memory of Vincent Moulder, son of Vincent and
Mary Moulder, who died August y"= 30'^ 1786, aged 19
years.
On ordinary grave-stones in the churchyard :
Sacred to the Memory of the Rev. George Harry
Chitt}', Rector of the second Portion of Waddesdon and
Vicar of this Parish, who died Dec. P'. 1793, aged 54.'
Charlotte, daughter of George-Harry, and Juliet
Chitty, died Dec. 20'\ 1787, aged 2 years.
Sacred to the beloved Memory of Juliet, widow of the
Rev. George H. Chitty. Ob. Oct. 4, 1824, eet. 74.
Sacred to the memory of Harriot & Frances, daughters
of the Rev. G. H. Chitty, who died under age.
Here for ever rest
the mortal remains of Edward Shepherd, who died Oct.
1'2"'. 18-2-2, aged 66 years.
This public memorial of departed worth is inscribed
by his Master, grateful for that sincere honesty and firm
attachment which caused the deceased to continue for
near 40 years in the service of his family, a pattern to
all of unequalled steadiness, and of uniform upright-
ness in his private conduct.
The Register begins in 1606. One of the entries respecting the Wharton family is remarkable
" Thomas, son of his Grace Phihp Duke of Wharton,
was baptised 29"' March, 1719, and was buried 4"'
March in the same year 1719." This happened from
the alteration of the stjde. The child was born on the
ll'\ towards the close of the year 1718, baptized 29"'. a
few days after the commencement of 1719, and died (or
at all events) was buried on the 4"' of the next March,
seven days before he had completed the first year of his
age, according to the date on his coffin plate, in which
he is described as wanting seven days to fulfil or com-
plete his first year. Other entries are —
Baptisms of
Edward Dorrell, the sonn of Edw. Dorrell and Mary
his wife, Oct. 4"' 1656.
Marius, a Black, bap'. 7 Sept. 1717.
Marriages :
M'. W"'. Elmes and M"^". Margaret Goodwin, mar.
Feb. 28, 1613.
M"' Richard Sager and M'^". Judith Wenman, the last
day of September, 1637.
Coll. Francis Martyn and M"^^ Jane Goodwin, mar. 1 1
June 1646.
M'. Tho. Deverell of the Parish of Swanburne and
M'^^ Anne Lamburne of the Parish of Cuddington, mar.
27 Oct\ 1698.
The Rev. Doct^ Ffloyd and ]\Iadam Ffloyd were mar-
ried here 19 Nov"^. 1709.
Grantham Andrews, Esq. and M"^'. Hannah Wight-
man, mar. May 3'. 1717.
6 Oct. 1823. The Rev. C. Spencer, Rector of Wheat-
field, CO. Oxon. Nephew of his Grace the Duke of
Marlborough, to Mary Anne, younger daughter of Sir
Scrope Bernard jNIorland, Bar'. M. P.'-
Burials :
M'. Phil. Cordelyon, of the Parish of Ilchester, in
Somersetshire, buried 15 Sept. 1720.
George Harry Chitty, Rector of the 2'' Portion of
AVaddesdon and Vicar of Upper Winchcndon, aged 53
years, buried 8 Dec. 1793.
Mem. 1680.
That the Brief collected for the Captives of Algiers
and Sallee, amounted to the sum of three pounds nine
shillings eight pence w^'' was paid into the Archdeacon's
Register's Hands the seventh of October at the Visi-
tation, at which time after the Receipt he denied to give
an acquittance as he said by the Order of the Arch-
deacon. [Attested by the signature of three Witnesses.]
Mem. July 31. 1686.
Gathered then the Brief for the Ffrench Protestants
the sum of one pound and eighteen shillings four pence.
Hen. Hibbins, Curate.
John Young, Ch. Ward.
When the vault of the family of Wliarton, under the chancel, was repaired in 1817, five coffins
were found in a very perfect condition : one without any inscription ; the next with the initials I. D.
(as asserted, but perhaps A. D.) and the date 1691. On this was placed the coffin of an infant, in-
scribed the Right Hon. Tho. Marquess of Malmesbury, died 1 March, 1719-20, aged 1 year wanting 7
days; on the third, the name of Lucy Marchioness of Wharton ;' the fourth, the Marquess of Wharton ;
on the fifth, no inscription.
See Wadd£sdo\, p. 503.
- Pedigree of Spencer-Chuiicuill, p. 564 ; and Bernard Morland, p. 521-
573
WORMINGHALL, or WORMENHALL, commonly pronounced
WORNALL,wiTH THOMLEY.
This parish is bounded on the north by Oakley, on the east by Ickford, (from which it is separated
by a brook running from North-east to South-south-west, in a very irregular course to the Thame) on
the south by part of Oxfordshire, and on the west by its hamlet of Thomley, which is within that
county, and is situated in a low marshy track often liable to inundation.
Worminghall, exclusive of Thomley, contains about 980 acres, of which about 430 are said to be in
tillage, and 30 acres woodland.
In 1598, " Wornall was assessed to the Provision money for beeves and muttons for the Queen's
Household," at IZ, 4s. 9d.'
Expences of maintaining the poor in 1776, amounted to 18/. 2s. ; in 1 783, 48L ; in 1784, 351. 3s. 4f/. ;
in 1785, 65Z. ; in 1822, 2371. 13s. ; in 1823, 190/. Is. ; .in 1824, 183/. Gs. In 1722, the number of
inhabitants was 259, comprised in forty -five families. In 1821, the inhabitants had increased only to
314, according to the returns.
THE MANOR,
before the Conquest, was held under Queen Edith, by Eddeva, wife of Woluard, who might sell it.
At the Norman Survey, it belonged to Geoffrey, Bishop of Constance f was held under him by
Robert, and always taxed at five hides. Here were five ploughs, four servants, pasture for two plough
teams ; woods for two hundred hogs ; worth altogether 61. and in the time of King Edward, 7U
After the forfeiture of the lands of the Bishop of Constance, this estate is said to have been given
by King Henry I. to his natural son Robert Mellent, who likewise held Great-Marlow and other
lands in Bucks ; and this appropriation of it seems to be countenanced, by the manor being afterwards
included in the Honour of Gloucester ;* and in the reign of Henry III. if not earlier, Thomas the son
of Geoffrey, and William the son of Elys or Elias, held a Knight's fee in Wormenhall, under that
Honour.* In the same reign, Thomas de Donniton held the Manor of Wormenhall of the Earl of
Gloucester, by Knight's service.^ It is supposed that the manor was subsequently divided into two
parts.
In 1276, a fine was passed between Thomas de Deynton or Donnitone, and William de St. Andrew
and Joane his wife, guardians of the lands of Thomas Fitz-Elias, by which it was settled, that the said
William and Joane de St. Andrew should have the custody of the lands of the said heir in Wormen-
hall until he came of age, if the said Joane should so long live ; Thomas de Deynton reserving to
1 Rot. 42 Eliz. 5 See Ludgershalx, p. 305, n.
3 Terra Epi Constant. InTichessele Hvnd. Ep's Constantiensis ten Wermelle et Rob'^ ten de eo. p. v. hid' se deft',
sep. Tra. e. v. car. In dnio sunt ii". et xvi. uilli. cu. vi. bord. hnt. iii. car.. Ibi. iiii. serui. p'tu. ii. car. Silua. cc.
pore. Val. et ualuit VI. lib. T.R.E. : vii. lib. Hoc. CO. tenult. Eddeua uxor. Wluuardi sub Regina Eddid. et uende'
potuit. [ii6. Censual. vo\. i. f. 155.]
* Rev. Ed. Cooke's MSS. 5 Test, de Nevil. p. ii. s Rot. Hund. 39 Hen. III. p. 25.
574 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
himself and his heirs, the garden with its appui-tenances, adjoining the church-yard, and the messuage,
sometime held by William le Parmenter ; ^ and afterwards (perhaps when the heir came of age) in
1292, Robert, son of Robert Fitz-Elias, recovered seisin against Robert de Boyton, in the King's
Court, at Aylesbury, of a garden with its appurtenances in Wormenhall, probably the same property."
In 1294, Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, died seised of fees in Wormenhall."
In 1304, John de Rivere, sometimes called deRipariis and de Rivers, held this manor, and obtained
the King's grant for a weekly market on Thursday, and a fair annually on the festival of St. Peter
and St. Paul (29 June) at Wormenhall, and free warren in his lands here.* He died about 1314,-'
seised of this manor, and was succeeded by Richard de la Rivere, his son, who came into possession
of Tormarton in Gloucestershire, which had belonged to his father, and of which Richard de la Rivere,
his grandfather, had died seised, circ. 1253, (38 Hen. HI.) but the last Richard having taken part
against King Edward H. and joined the confederate Barons, all his lands were forfeited to the Crown;
and this manor was bestowed, in 20 Edw. H. upon Edward Earl of Arundell : but upon the accession
of Edw. HI. restored to Richard de la Rivere, who held this estate in 1332 ; but no farther account
of his family is found in subsequent records which relate to this place. He married Maud, daughter
of John Briton, or Britun, and sister and heir of another John Britun, who dying during his minority :
the estate of Ralph le Briton, of Northamptonshire, descended to her as sole heiress, and there being
no male issue of Richard de la Rivere, it seems probable that it might have been sold soon after his
death.
Of the possessions of Fitz-Elias in the hamlet of Thomley, and in Wormenhall, it appears that in
1338,'^ a fine was passed between Robert Fitz-Elys and Margaret his wife, and Thomas de Bruley, of
the manor of Wormenhall, which passed with Oakley.'
In the assessment to the ninth of the property (in 15 Edw. HI.) this parish was taxed at seven
marks, and John Leaute, Nicholas Cause, William ate Norcharde, John Bryt, Thomas Tommes, John
le Meleward, assessors, returned that the value did not exceed that sum ; that there was one carucate
of arable land, lying uncultivated, which had been commonly ploughed and sowed, and that there
were there neither merchants nor cattle dealers."
In 1363, (37 Edw. III.) it was found by an inquisition, that the Abbat of Abyngdon and others,
were seised of the manor of Wormenhall, (with other manors and lands in Oxfordshire) in right of the
warden and scholars of Canterbury Hall, with remainder to the said Abbat, &c.^
Canterbury College, as it was more commonly called, had been founded by Simon Islip, Archbishop
of Canterbury,'" who, in gratitude for his preservation in the great plague, which had reduced the
University of Oxford to a miserable condition, manifested his regard for learning and religion, by this
generous provision : and the society was rendered conspicuous by having had the celebrated John
AVicklifFas one of its Wardens."
In the same reign. Sir William de Tracy, Knt. had a writ of entry of two parts of the manor of
Wormenhall, with the appurtenances.'-
By a fine in 1367, Ralph Stodeye, or Stodleye, and Editha his wife, passed the third part of the
Manor of Wormynhale to John Tracy and his heirs ;'' and it seems to have been afterwards carried
by a female heir of Sir John Tracy to the family of Fitz-Elias.
' Rot. Fin. 5. Ed. I. 2 Rot. Orig. 21 Ed. I. n". 28. Abbrev. vol. i. p. 80.
' Esc. 24 Ed. I. nM07. Cal. vol. i. p. 133. * Rot. Cart. 32 Ed. 1. 11° 10. 87. Cal. p. 134, 135.
^ Esc. 8 Ed. 2 n°. 27. Cal. vol. i. p. 257. « Rot. Fin. 12 Ed. III. 7 See Oakley, p. 351.
" Inquis. Nonar. p. 339. ? Esc. 37 Ed. 111. n" 44. Cal. vol. ii. p. 264.
1" Hist, de Antiq. Brit. Eccles. p. 248. " Aylifte's Univ. of Oxon. P. 1. p. 123.
'- Rot Fin. Buck. 17 Ed. 111. p. 64. " Rot. Fin. Buck. 41 Ed. III.
WORMINGHALL. 575
In 1375, Margaret, wife of Robert Fitz-Elys, died seised of Wormenhale and Ocle Manors, held
as of the Honour of Walingford ; and of one messuage in Thomley, held of the Honour of Pomfret. '
In 1408 (10 Hen. IV.) John Fitz-Elys released to Jo. Atteside and Walter Bromley and their
heirs, all his right in the Manor of Wormenhale. The estate purchased by Sir William de Tracy
appears to have been vested in his descendants from 17 Edw. III. until 34 Hen. VI. and having
passed through seven generations in lineal successsion, to have been transferred, by fine in 1455,
by William Tracy and Margaret his wife, to William Browne and Richard Bedford, or Besford."
The family of Tracy derived its descent from the ancient Saxon Monarchs, through Goda, youngest
daughter of King Ethelred, wife of Walter de Maigne, a noble Norman, whose son Ralph was created
Earl of Hereford; commanded the fleet against Harold; and in 1055, made an unsuccessful attempt
to subdue the insurrection of Algar Earl of Mercia.^ Ralph Earl of Hereford, father of Harold, was
Lord of Sudely, in Gloucestershire ; and his son John having married Grace, daughter of Tracy Lord
of Barnstaple, in the reign of King Stephen, had issue by her two sons ; Ralph the ancestor of the
Barons of Sudely, and William, a younger son, who, agreeable to a common custom of that period,
took his mother's family name of Traci, from whom descended the before-mentioned Sir William
Tracy, who in the reign of Edward HI. acquired part of this estate. There is sontie discordance be-
tween the accounts of Dugdale and Sir Robert Atkyns, respecting the genealogy of this family.* In
the former are many anachronisms ; in the latter, some omissions, which occasion difficulty to re-
concile the various pedigrees of the family. Dugdale speaks of William Tracy as contemporary with
Oliver de Tracy ; mentions his being assessed to an aid in 1165 (12 Hen. II.) on more than twenty-
six Knights' fees ;^ cites Mat. Paris to prove that he was one of the assassins of Thomas a Becket,
Archbishop of Canterbury, in 1170; and describes him as Steward of Normandy in 16 Hen II. (in
direct opposition to the testimony of other historians ;) includes him amongst the confederate Barons,
in 17 John, and states, that about 7 Hen. HI. (1222) he was in an expedition in Wales ; when upon
the most moderate calculation, according to the statement of the same writer, he could not have been
less than seventy-seven years of age ! Atkyns says, that William Traci, second son of John de Sudely,
held one Knight's fee of his brother Ralph, and was " supposed one of the four Knights who mur-
thered Thomas a Becket ;" ^ and his account appearing to be less objectionable than the other, has
been adopted in the annexed table, by which the descents are marked from the period of Sir William
Traci's acquisition of lands in Wormenhall, until another William Tracy and Margaret his wife, in
the reign Henry VL passed this estate to Browne and Bedford, as before mentioned.
PEDIGREE OF TRACY.
From Sir Robt. Atkyns's Hist, of Gloucestersliire ; and other Authorities.
Ar/ns : Or. an Escalop in ch. point Sab. between 2 Bendlets Gu.
Kino Ethelred, 979 : ob. 1016.=
n-
Goda, youngest daughter.=pWALTEii de Maigne, of Normandy.
Ralph, Earl of Hereford, 1055.=p
Harold, Lord of Sudely, co. GIouc.=f=
1 See Esc. 49 Ed. III. n« 54. Cal. vol. ii. p. 341, and 5 Ric. II. n° 24. Cal. vol. iii. p. 36.
2 Rot. Fin. Buck. 34 Hen. VI. 3 Dugd. Bar.
* See Dugdale's Bar. torn. i. p. 621, and Atkyns's Gloucestershire, p. 780. s gar. torn. i. p. 622.
5 Atkins's Hist, of Gloucestershire, p. 780.
576 - ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Johnson of Harold, Lord of Sudely.=j=GRACE, dau. of Henry dc Traci, Lord of Barnstaple
Ralph de Sudelv, 12 Hen. 2. William, 2d son, called Traci from his mother, temp. H. 6.=
Sir Oliver Traci : ob. 12 Joh.=|=EvE.
Sir Wiliiam Traci, Sheriff of Gloue. 1263.=p
Sin Will.' Traci, Sheriff of Gloue. 1319. [Rot. Fin. Buck. 17 Ed. 3.]=^
Henhv Tracy, son and heir.=p BIarcerv, mar. to John Archer, of Umberslade, c
Henry TRAcv.=p
Thomas Tracy, Sheriff of Gloue. 1359 to 1363 =p
Sir Jo'hnTrauv, Knt. temp. Ed. 3. Sheriff of Glou. 1366; purchased l-3dof Wormenhall, 1367.=j=
Henrv Tracy.=p
). Warwick, ancestor of Lord Archer.
John Tracy, Sheriff of Glou. (2 Ric. 2.) 1379.=p
William Tracy, Sheriff of Glou. 18 Ric. 2.=?=
AVilliam Tracy, Sheriff 5 Hen, 5 ; summoned to attend the King=pALicE, dau. and co-heiress of Guida de la Spine, of Coughton, co. Warwick, sister
in defence of the realm, 5 Hen. 5. | of Eleanor Throckmorton. [Pedigree of Throckmorton.]
Sir William Tracy, Knt. Sheriff of Glou. 1442 and 1443 =p John Tr'acy, viv. 27 Hen. 6.' Alice, mar. to Hugh Cullum.
William Tracy, Sheriff of Glou. 1449; passed a tine of Worraenhall Manor, 34 Hen. 6.t=Mai!garet, dau. of Sir John Pauncefoot, Knt. viv. 34 Hen. 6.
Henrv Tracy.— AucE, dau and heiress of Thomas Baldington, Esq. of Adderbury, co. Oxon. Ob. ; bur. at Toddington.
4.
This Manor was afterwards in the possession of the Ingleton's, Lords of Thornton.
Sibil, daughter of ... . Frisell, of co. Oxon, and widow of George Ingleton, Esq. held
Wormenhall in jointure ; and Robert Ingleton, her husband, who died in 1472, having left issue
George Ingleton his son and heir, who died in 1494 (9 Hen. VII.) This estate, on the death of Sybil,
became vested in her grandson Robert Ingleton, son and heir of George. He died in 1503, leaving
Jane his sole daughter an infant, who was placed in the wardship of Sir Richard Empson, the un-
worthy favourite of King Henry VII. about 1505 :^ and afterwards, on his attainder, in 1509
(1 Hen. VIII.) was committed to the custody of George Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury ; who, in 1514,
assigned her wardship and marriage to John Bradbury, of London, and James Bodley, of Walden,
in Essex. By the influence of the latter, in 1519, she was married to Humphrey Tyrrell, third son
of Sir William Tyrrell, Knt. of Workington, co. Essex, by Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas
Bodley, Knt. who was a near relation of the before-mentioned James Bodley, her guardian.
Humphrey Tyrrell was the fourth in lineal descent from Sir John Tyrrell, Knt. Treasurer of the
Household to King Henry VI. ; and the fifteenth from Walter Tyrrell, Knt. who lived in the time of
William Rufus." Having made proof of the age and marriage of the said Jane his wife, he had livery of
her inheritance ; but dying in 1549 (3 Edw. VI.) a fine was passed of the ^lanor of Wormenhall with
lands here between William Byrt, Thomas Tipping, and Thomas Cox ; and Sir John Browne, Knt.
and Margaret his wife, and Christopher Browne and Eleanor his wife ; and in 1551 (5 Ed. VI.)
William Byrte conveyed the Manors of Wormenhall and Thomley, to Leonard Chamberlain, Esq. of
Woodstock, CO. Oxon '
In 1554 (1 and 2 Phil, and Mary) in Hilary Term, another fine of the same estate, between
William Byrt, or Brett, and George Tyrrell, Esq.; as also another, in the next year, (2 and 3 Phil,
and Mary) between William Dunch, and William Birt and Alice his wife, of the Manors of Thomley
' Willis's Hist. Bucks, p. 207. "- See Thornton ; also p. 3o'2. ^ Rot. Clans. 6 Ed. VI. n". 83.
WORMINGHALL. 577
and Wormenhall, and lands there, and of the Rectory of Wormenhall, preparatory to the final con-
veyance of the whole estate to Thomas Tipping, Esq. of Shabbington, by Sir John Williams, Knt.
Lord Williams of Thame, by deed dated 29 Jan. 1555 ;* and it subsequently passed in the same man-
ner, as described in the History of Shabbington,^ until 1725, when under an Act of Parliament,^
being vested in Dame Anne Tipping, widow of Sir Thomas Tipping, Bart, of Pyrgo, in Essex, and
mother of Sir Thomas Tipping, Bart, his son then also deceased, this estate was inter alia conveyed,
upon certain conditions in the said Act contained, to Edward Rudge, Esq. of Wheatfield, co. Oxon,
who, about 1772, sold his estate in Wormenhall, to Samuel Home, Esq. from whom it descended
at his death, to Edward Home, Esq. of the Leasowes, in the parish of Hales-Owen,* co. Salop ; and
Edward Home, Esq. his eldest son and heir, dying in December, 1824, and Mary-Jane his wife,
then of Bevis-Mount, near Southampton, also dying in April, 1827, the devisees in trust appointed
by his father's will, conveyed the estate, comprising the whole Parish, (excepting only about fifty
acres) and including Thomley, by deeds dated 18 July, 1827, to the Right Honourable Henry Lord
Viscount Clifden, Baron Mendip, whose representative is the present possessor.
That part of Wormenhall which is situated in this county, consists of the Court-Farm, of about
280 acres; Field-farm, 143 acres; Town-farm, 220 acres; and the Brook-farm, 230 acres ; with
divers small inclosures, homesteads, and cottages : the land-tax having been redeemed.
THE ADVOWSON AND RECTORY.
The church was given to the Prior of St. Frideswide, in Oxford, by William Fitz-Elias, in the
beginning of the reign of King John, and the original grant was afterwards confirmed by others of
that family.^
Pope Alexander, in 1159 (5 and 6 Hen. HL) by a Bull addressed to Prior Robert, ratified this
benefaction, with many others, and fulminated the wrath of the Deity, and of the blessed St. Peter
and St. Paul, upon any one who might presume to infringe upon the rights and possessions of the
Convent."
A Charter in the Ashmolean Collection at Oxford (but now imperfect) conveys in the usual form,
from William Fitz-Elias, with consent of Emma, perhaps his wife, to God and the Church of St.
Frideswide, in Oxford, and the Prior and Canons there serving God, the Church of Wormehalle,
with all its appurtenances in wood, and in plain, in meadow, and in pasture, with the pence
and tenths of the demesnes ; and six acres of land, and two acres which Josceus Cg^ve^ with all their
appurtenances, &c. for the health of his own soul, and of the soul of his wife, his heirs and his
brethren, adding, that the Prior and Canons received him into their fraternity; and, moreover,
1 Willis's MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon. 2 See page 451. ^ Stat. 12 Geo. I. c. 25.
■* The celebrated residence of the Poet Shenstone. 5 Rot. Cart. 1 Joh. n°. 9.
6 Alexander Episcopus Servus Servorum Dei dilecto filio Roberto Priori Oxenfordiensi S. et Apostolicam benedictionem.
Justi petentium desiderio dignum est nos facilem prsebere assensum et vota quse a rationis tramite non discordant effectu
sunt prosequente complenda. Qua propter dilecte in Domino fili tuisjustis postulationibus preEbentes assensum villam de
Pidentona cum omnibus pertinentiis suis, quam recolendce memorise Malcomus Rex Scotorum Ecclesiae tuoe devotionis
inductu et scripto proprio confirmavit, ecclesiam quoque de Fretwella et ecclesiam de Wrmhala cum pertinentiis sids
rationahiliter prcBdicta ecclesia concessam, tibi et eidem ecclesia auctoritate Apostolica confirmamus et presentis scripti
patrocinio communimus. Statuentes ut nulli omnino hominum liceat hanc paginam nostram confirmationis infringere aut
ei aliquatenus contraire. Siquis aittem hcec attemptare praesumpserit , indignationem omnipotentis Dei et beatorum Petri
et Pauli se noverit incursum. Datum Tusculani xiii Kal. Jun. &c. [Regist. S. Frideswydse MS. Ch. 441 ; Rennet's
Paroch. Antiq. vol. i. p. 161.]
VOL. I. 4 E
578 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
directed that liis body, when dead, should be given to the Church of St. Frideswide, and buried there;
the subscribing witnesses being Liener the Priest, Hadrian the Priest, Vincent , and others ;
and lower down, William and Robert de Chauz, and Siward, who is called " Armig'ro meo."'
Emma de Peri, or Pirie, who stiles William Fitz-Elias her lord and husband, confirmed his grant
by her charter." Robert Fitz-Elias renewed the donation of his ancestor f and Pope Adrian, in a
confirmation of the lands, &c. given to St. Frideswide's by divers benefactors, specifies, " the Church
of Wormehale, with one virgate of land, and six acres, and all other their appurtenances."* King
John, by a Charter of Inspeximus, in the first year of his reign, confirmed preceding grants, and
amongst them, of this Church of Wermehale.^ A confirmation is also said to have been made by Elias,
son of Robert Fitz-Elias; and Jeffrey, another son, with consent of Letitia his wife, of the former dona-
tions ; and one virgate and six acres of land given by Otwell L'Isle, at the dedication of this Church."
The convent of St. Frideswide possessed the advowson ; and in 1291, the valuation of their lands,
rents, and fruits in Wormenhall, Thomle, and Hykeford, amounted altogether to 1/. 18s. per amiJ
and having afterwards appropriated the great tithes, these ecclesiatics obtained an ordination of the
vicarage by the authority of a council, before 12"29, from which period the vicars were presented by
the prior and convent, until the dissolution in the reign of Henry VHI.
In 1525, (17 Hen. VHI.) the King, by letters patent, granted to Thomas (Wolsey) Cardinal of
St. Cecilia, Archbishop of York and Chancellor of England, &c. the Rectory of Wormenhall or Wornall,
amongst other estates late belonging to the dissolved monastery of St. Frideswide in Oxford, to be
held of the king by fealty only;" and in the next year (18 Hen. VHI.) a fine passed between the
Dean and Canons of Cardinal ^Volsey's College in Oxford, and Thomas Archbishop of York, Bishop
of Durham, Spiritual Guardian of the monastery of St. Alban's, of divers manors and rents, and
amongst them of rents in Wormenhall, which were then conveyed to his new foundation there. Two
years afterwards (1528) certain rents here were passed by fine, by John Smyth and Andrew Barrard,
1 Notum sit tarn psentibs qui futuris q''. Ego Willo fil. Helie dedi et concessi Deo & Ecclie See Fiideswid' Oxenf. &
Priori & Canon icis ibid Deo s'vientibs Eccliara de Wormehalle cu oinibs ptinentiis suis in bosco in piano in p'tis et pas-
turis denariis & deciniis trar dominicar. qui rusticor cu sex acris tre' & cu duabs acris q<i.
Josceus cu oibs pdcis ptinentiis suis. Ego idem Wills consensu & concessu Emme mee pfate
Ecclie See Frideswid'. dedi i ppetuam elemssina libam et q'etam salute mea & uxoris mei et hedum meor
& frum meor & p animabs &c. carta mea confirmavi. Prior vero & canonici receperunt me in fraitatem
Et cum Ego defunctus fu' corpu' meu eid .... Ecclie See Frideswid' dedi ut sepeliatur
sunt Testes Lein er' presbyter . . Hadrian', p'sbit. Vincenti' Hiis subscriptis testibs Willo
Rob'to de Chauz. Siwardo armig^o meo. [Ex ipso Autographo in Mus. Ashm ]
- Notum sit &c. Quod Ego Emma de Peri consensi donationi quam Willielmus filius Heliee, vir meus ct dominus
meus fecit ecclesiee Sanctse Frideswidse de Oxonia &c. de ecclesia de Wrmehale et ejus periinentiis &c. [Monast. Angl.
vol. ii. p. 148 ; Ex Regist. in Bibl. C. C. C. Oxon. p. 309.]
3 Universis &c. Roberlus filius Heliae S. Sciatis me dedisse &c. Deo et S. Frideswidse de Oxeneford &c. ecclesiam de
Wrmehale cum omnibus ad ipsam pertinenlibus in liberam puram et perpetuam elemosinam &c. [Ibid.]
* Adrianus Episcopus &c. dilectis filiis Roberto Priori Ecclesire Sanctae Frideswidse de Oxonia &c. Ecclesiam de
Wrmehale cum una virgata terrae et sex acris et omnibus aliis pertinentiis suis. [Mon. Anglic, v. ii. p. 147 ; Ex Reg. in
Bibl. C. C. C. Oxon. p. 286.]
■■i Johannes Dei G. Rex Anglice Dominus Hibcrnire Dux Normannia; et Aquitanice et comes Andegavia? Archiepiscopis
&-c. S. Sciatis nos concessisse et pra?senti charta nostra Deo et Ecclise S. Frideswide Oxon et Canonicis &c
Ecclesiam de Wormehall cum pertinentiis suis &c. Test. R. Episcopo S. Andreoe, Hugone de Gornace, Will, de Rupibus,
Warino de Glapton, Petro de Pratell, Hugone de Chaucumb. Dat. per man. Simonis Wellensis Archidiac. et Joh. de
Grey apud Cenomaniam 29 Sep. Reg. nost. an primo. [Rot. Chart. 1 Joh. m. 9 ; Monast. Anglic, vol. ii. p. 147, ex
Reg. in Bibl. C. C. C. Oxon, p. 286 ; and Inspex. Hen. V.]
fi Rennet's Par. Antiq. and Wyrley's MSS. '^ Taxat. Eccles. P. Nich. p. 46.
« Rot. Pat. 17 Hen. VIII. Test. 1 July.
WORMINGHALL. 579
to Thomas Cave, Esq and Elizabeth his wife, and the heirs of their bodies, with remainder to
Elizabeth: and in 1530, (22 Hen. VIII.) the king granted to John Bishop of Lincoln, for the use of
the Dean and Canons of the King's College in Oxford, the advowson and rectory of Wormenhall.
After the Reformation, Queen Elizabeth, in 1584, granted to Theophilus Adams and Thomas
Butler, and the heirs and assigns of Theophilus Adams, certain lands here, formerly belonging to
St. Frideswide's monastery, and originally bestowed for superstitious uses, and unjustly detained from
the Queen or her progenitors.'
In the beginning of the reign of Philip and Mary, the Impropriate Rectory, with the advowson of
the Vicarage, became vested in Thomas Tipping, Esq. of Shabbington, and continued to belong to
that family until towards the close of the seventeenth century, when this estate passed to the Burtons :
and John Burton, Merchant, of London, and Katharine his wife, having twice presented to the vicarage,
the latter, probably soon after her husband's death, sold the advowson to Sir Isaac Shard, Knt. of
St. Leonard's Hill, co. Berks, by whom it was subsequently conveyed to Edward Rudge, Esq. who thus
re-united the spiritual and temporal estates ; and the impropriation and patronage have, since passed,
together with the manor, and were purchased in 1827, by Henry Lord Viscount Clifden, Baron
Mendip, with whose family the impropriation and Patronage of the vicarage remains.
THE VICARAGE
is discharged from the payment of First Fruits, being rated in the King's books at the clear yearly
value of 31L 15s. 2d. ; yearly tenths 13/. 10s. 7c?.-
In 1818, the church was returned as capable of containing three hundred persons, then the number
of the inhabitants of the parish ; the glebe house unfit for the residence of the vicar, being only " a
small cottage," and the income of the minister 45/. per ann.^
When the advowson was sold, together with the manor, by public auction, in 1827, the income of
the vicar arising from lands here, was stated to be about fifty guineas per mm. and divine service
usually performed once every Sunday. Since that time the income of the Incumbent has been re-
turned at 54Z. per ami.
William DE EsTW was presented 1229, by the Prior Richard Astwich, pr. 25 Jan. 1413; quitted it for
and Convent of St. Frideswide, Oxford, to the Vicarage Kingsey,^ and was succeeded by
of Wormenhale, lately ordained by the authority of a John Aynhoe, 27 Oct. 1414.
Council, William de Coles, the Parson before presented, Richard Garton resigned 1470.
giving up his title to it. Richard R.uthen, presented 2 April, 1470 ; resigned
Gervase, Vicar; died 1274. 1473.
Huffh de Faringdon, pr. 2 Cal. Feb. 1274. David St. John, LL. B. succeeded 27 March, 1473.
Robert, Vicar; died 1316. Tliomas Oxford, Canon of St. Frideswide, presented
Rob. de Bleiobury, pr. 9 Cal. Nov. 1316; died 1349. 7 May, 1498, on the resignation of Jongs.
Richard Clement, pr. 7 Id. July, 1349 ; died 1361. John Tapeter was presented on Thomas Oxford's
Robert Gylot, pr. 4 Non. Sept. 1361. He had been death, 13 March, 1527.
previously Vicar of Over-Winchendon, from 1350. "■ John Hayes, presented 1530, by the Dean and
William Synge succeeded 1389, on the presentation Canons of Cardinal-College, Oxford, on the death of the
of the Convent of St. Frideswide. last Vicar, not named,
1 See OvER-WiNCHENDON. = Ecton's Liber Valor, p. 297. ^ Dioces. Ret. p. 13'2.
* See page 568. ^ See page 302, where his name is written Astewy.
580
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
James Marten, pr. 7 Feb. 1537, on Hayes's death,
by the Dean and Canons of King's-College, Oxford.
Thomas Grene was ex concessionse Decani et Canon-
icor. Coll. Reg. Oxon, dated in 1542;' presented by
Henry Williams, Canon of Oxford ; and instituted 20
Sept. 1544.
Jeffrey J'aur/han resigned 1561.
Robert Evans, presented 1561, by Thomas Tipping,
Gent. He accepted the living of Ickford,^ and was
succeeded by
William Philips, presented on the last Vicar's resig-
nation, 13 Feb. 1595, by Thomas Tipping.
Thomas Tliackwell, A. B. presented on the death of
Phihps,.23 Dec. 1606, by Sir George Tipping.
Richard Sughj, pr. 27 March, 1607, by Sir George
Tipping, on Thackwell's resignation.
Simon Ellis, pr. 1632, by Samuel Tipping, Esq.
Francis Price succeeded Ellis, and occurs Vicar about
1652. He died in 1701, fet. 85, and was buried here:
was succeeded by
John Bromioich, A. B. pr. by John Burton, of London,
Merchant, and Katharine his wife; instituted 1 July,
1701. He was of St. John's-College, Cambridge; A. B.
1697; A. M. 1702.
James Oldisworth, A. B. succeeded on Bromwich's re-
signation, 3 Feb. 1703; presented by John and Katha-
rine Burton. He was of St. John's-College, Oxon ;
A. M. 8 April, 1704 : and died 1718.
Joseph Steadman, A. M. succeeded 1718, on the pre-
sentation of the King, by lapse. He was Vicar in 1731;
was of Queen's-College, Oxon; A.M. 9 June, 1711;
B.D. 16 May, 1729; D. D. 20 April, 1730.
Joseph Bell, CI. presented by the King, on lapse, and
inducted 30 Oct. 1736. He was of New-College, Oxon;
A. M. 3 July, 1739. Having resigned this benefice,
George Applehee, CI. A. B. presented by Isaac Pecca-
tus Shard, Esq. and inducted 6 Jan. 1754. He was of
Katharine-Hall, Cambridge; A.M. 1757.
William Cooke, A. M. presented by Edward Home,
Esq. on the death of George Applehee, and inducted 8
Oct. 1783. He was also Master of Thame School, and
Chaplain to the Most Honourable the Marquess of Tweed-
dale, and Author of a small volume of Poems, in 4to.
He died in 1795, and was succeeded by
James Slopes, A. M. presented by Edward Home,
Esq. of Bevis-Mount, co. Hants, and inducted 28 Mar.
1795. He was of St. John's-College, Oxon; A.M.
31 May, 1781, and Assistant Curate of Brill and Boar-
stall. Qu? if not, son of James Stopes, A. M. of Lin-
coln-College, Oxon, Rector of Fritwell, co. Oxon, and
of Eydon, co. Northamp.^
THE CHURCH,
which is dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul, stands in a sequestered spot east of the village, and con-
sists of a nave and chancel, with a square low embattled tower, and a projecting turret on the south side,
ascending to about half the height of the steeple. The Church is about seventy-five feet long, by
eighteen wide. The principal entrance is on the south side, by a Saxon-arched doorway. The north-
eastern window of the nave consists of two trefoil-headed lights, with a quatrefoil and two trefoils under
the point of its arch. Two windows on the south side are modernized, and have semicircular heads ;
and a small window has been made in the roof near the south-west angle of the nave. Between the
nave and chancel is a semicircular arch, resting on three-quarter columns, with sculptured capitals.
The communion table does not stand contiguous to the eastern wall, as is usual, but has been re-
moved forwarder, and had a seat behind it, and at each end (probably placed there in the Presby-
terian times of Cromwell) until since the year 1823.
In the tower are two small modern bells, and a saint's bell.
On a slab in the floor of the nave :
Here lieth the Body of John Woodbridge. He died
Deceml/. y' 25"'. 1711, aged
On another slab :
Here lie the Bodies of Thomas Woodbridge and Ann
his Wife. He died Feb>. 2.3". 1714, aged 78 years.
She died Feb''' 27"' 171... aged 65 years.
We are confident, I say, and willing rather to be
absent from the body, and to be present with the Lord.
On another slab :
Here heth the Body of Catherine, wife of William
Ex. Autograph, apud Buckden.
"- Page 282.
3 Hist, of Nortliamp. vol. i. p. 505.
WORMINGHALL.
581
Woodbridge, who died Oct^ y^ 23^ 1753, aged 82
years.
On a lozenge of marble near the west end of
the floor of the nave :
Here lye the remains of Anthony, son of Anthony
and Elizabeth Coghill, who died 17"- Dec'. 1802, aged
13 years & 9 months.
Then down in peace I'll lay my head,
And take my needful rest ;
No other guard, O Lord, I crave,
Of thy defence possess'd.
On another lozenge :
Here lie the remains of John, son of Anthony and
EUzabeth Coghill, who died June the 3*. 1810, aged
14 years & 7 months.
My lot is fall'n in that blest land
Where God is truly known ;
He fills my cup with lib'ral hand,
'Tis he supports my throne.
On a brass plate, affixed to the south wall of
the chancel, are effigies of a man and woman ;
behind the former five sons, behind the latter six
daughters ; and an infant lying on the ground.
Below the figures, these words :
The aged root that twelve times fruit did beare,
(Though first and last were blasted in their prime,)
Is wither'd now, and warnes his Children deare,
Though yet they spring, to know their winter's time.
So labour'd he, and so is gone to rest ;
So liv'd, so dyed, as all (but cursed) blest.
Blesse, Lord ! his fellow roote, that Uves as yet,
But as a vine without her prop decayes :
And blesse their branches, which these two did gett.
And send them sapp to nourish them allwayes :
Blesse roote and branch, that all way grow in thee,
And meet at length to eat of thy roote tree.
Philippo King, Generso, ab ineunte setate in £)edibus
Reverendi Patris ac patrui ipsius Domini Roberti King
Episcopi Oxon, et clarissime viri Dom. Johis Williams
de Tliame liberalissime educato, chariss. Conjugi, et ad
annum pene quadragesimum jugum maritale una perpesso
vita ac morte cum perhoneste tum religiosissimc per-
functo, monumentum istud seterni et ilUbati amoris
posuit Elizabetha King uxor superstes. Excessit ex
hac vita 12 Januarii A. D. 1592.
On a tablet of wood against the north wall :
Arms of the See of London, impaling .... a lion
ramp bet. three cross crosslets. Above the
shield, a mitre ; below, the date 1622.^
Harl. MSS. 4170. ii. Topographer, vol. ii. p. 369.
582
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
On a lozenge of black marble in the pavement,
within the rails :
Here lieth the Body of Mary Phillips, wife of John
Phillips, who died August 21" 1723, aged 89.
On another :
Here lieth the Body of John Phillips, who died the
lO'*" day of Sept. 1697, aged 63; and of Ehzabeth his
daughter, who died 4 day of July, 1714, aet. 54.
On a white stone :
Here lieth the Body of Thomas Stevens, who de-
parted this life August 2" A. D. 1687.
Since nothing is so certain as our death ;
And nothing more uncertain than when breath
Expires, we ought each minute to prepare ;
Death sends no summons for, but comes unaware.
THE ALMSHOUSE.
Near the middle of the village, on an open ground (recently divided into small enclosures), and distant
about two furlongs from the parish church on the north-west, is a plain, substantial edifice of brick,
with stone door cases and windoAV frames, built in the shape of the Roman letter H, fronting the south
and north, and within a plot of garden ground inclosed with a high wall, and consisting of ten tene-
ments or dwellings, in which reside as many poor aged persons of this parish, with an allowance from
the charities of the family of King, once resident in and natives of this place.
Over the principal entrance on each side is a large oval stone shield of arms :
Quarterly 1 and 4, a Uon rampant crowned ; between three cross crosslets : 2 and 3 within a border engrailed,
three honcels passant in pale : impaling a chevron between three cross crosslets fitche.
Crest : a demy phoenix issuant from a coronet.
On a blue stone below the shield :
To God and the Poore.
John King, Esq. sonn of Henry King, Bishop of Chichester, and Grandson of John King, Lord Bishop of
London, and Anne his Wife, daughter of Sir William Russell, of Strensum,i Baronett, Dedicates this Foundation
For Six Poore single men and four Women, Anno Dni. 1675.
The inmates, who are admitted above the age of 50 years, being inhabitants of the parish and single
persons, whether having been married or not, is not material, receive a weekly payment of 2s. 6(1.
each (formerly 35. 6d. and since reduced, first to 3s. and, at length, to the present ratio), with an
allowance of coal to the amount of ll. per ami. (formerly 100 faggots of underwood) to each person:
and the men a coat, the women a gown each, every second year.
PAROCHIAL CHARITIES.
Henry King, Lord Bishop of Chichester, by Will dated in 1653, bequeathed 100/. for the benefit of the Poor,
to be distributed in bread; and also for the purpose of clothing six old men, and four old women ; and in the re-
1 Strensham, co. Worcester.
WORMINGHALL. 583
turns made in pursuance of the Act of 26 Geo. III. it was stated, that the sum of 71. being the annual product of
the first mentioned bequest, and 8Z. arising out of the surplus of money remaining after the purchase of lands by
means of a benefaction of one of the same family, and paid by the Lord of the Manor, were accordingly appropri-
ated to the above-mentioned objects ; that the farther sum of 3/. 7>er ann. issuing from the rent of land, also given
by some other person belonging to the same family (whose name is unknown) was also distributed to the poor ; and
In 1670, John King, son of Henry Bishop of Chichester, imitating his father's laudable example, bequeathed by
his Will 1300/. which was laid out (or partly laid out) in the purchase of land in Shabbington, called Pepper-Hall,
which produced at the time of the Return above cited, 60/. per ann. appropriated in aid of the above-mentioned
charities for old men and women : and by an observation attached to the Return, it appears that " the Trustees
being dead, the Lord of the Manor acted as Trustee : and that there was a surplus of money remaining after the
purchase made of two estates, with 1500/. given by the Will of John King, and the 100/. by Henry King, Bishop
of Chichester, which remaining in the hands of the Lord of the Manor, Mr. Home, then Trustee, annually distri-
buted the interest of the same amongst some of the poor inhabitants." ^
These very eminent persons and hberal benefactors to the parish of Worminghall, must be more particularly re-
corded here.
John King was born at Wormenhall, about 1559, received his education at Westminster School, and at Ch. Ch.
in Oxford, where he took his degrees in Arts. He was afterwards admitted into Holy Orders ; made Chaplain to
Queen Elizabeth; Archdeacon of Nottingham, 12thJan. 1590; S.T.P. 1601; installed Prebendary of St. Paul's in
London, 4th August, 1604; Dean of Christ Church in Oxford, 1605 ; Prebendary of Milton Manor in the Church
of Lincoln, 16 Dec. 1610; and in 1611, resigned his Archdeaconry on being advanced to the See of London.- He
was author of Lectures upon the History of Jonah, 1594, and of several sermons. King James called him "the
King of Preachers;" and Lord Chief Justice Coke frequently said that he was the best speaker in the Star Chamber
of his time. He was so indefatigably industrious that he never omitted preaching on a Sunday, even after he was
a Bishop, unless prevented by sickness. He died 30 March, 1621 ; and it was calumniously reported, that he
turned Papist before he died : but this fallacy was sufficiently exposed by his son Henry King, in a sermon at
St. Paul's Cross, and also by Bishop Godwyn, in the Appendix to his Commentaries, " De Presulibus Angliae." He
married Joane daughter of Henry Freeman, of Staffordshire, by whom he had issue two sons, Henry and John,
who were both Canons of Christ Church.
Henry King, son of Dr. John King, Bishop of London, by Joane his wife, daughter of Henry Freeman, of co.
Stafford, was born in January, 1391, in the same house and chamber (says Anthony a Wood) in which his father had
first breath, at Wormenhall. He was educated first at Thame School, and afterwards at Westminster, whence he
was elected a Student of Christ Church in Oxford, in 1608: took his degrees in Arts, entered into Holy Orders,
became a most florid and celebrated preacher, and was successively Chaplain to King James I. and King Charles.
In 1617, he was, 18 April, appointed Archdeacon of Colchester and Residentiary of St. Paul's Cathedral : in-
stalled Canon of Ch. Ch. in the eighth stall, 3 March, 1623, and made D.D. 1625; Dean of Rochester, 6 Feb.
1638; and in 1641, promoted to the Bishoprick of Chichester, being one of those persons of unblemished reputa-
tion whom King Charles, though late, promoted to that honourable office, and consecrated 19 Dec. in that year.
In his youth he took great delight in the studies of Music and Poetry ; and was much admired for his wit and
fancy, which made his conversation extremely desirable. When he was older he applied himself to Oratory and
Philosophy; and in his advanced age fixed on Divinity, in which faculty he became eminent, as his Sermons evince,
which are said to have remained fresh in the memory of his auditors long after they had been delivered.
He was the author of, —
1. Sermons. At St. Paul's Cross, 23 Nov. 1621, on David's Enlarc/ement ; the Morning Sermon on Act
the false and scandalous Report lately printed, touching Sunday. Ps. xxxii. ver. 5. Oxon. 1625. 4to.
the supposed apostacy of Dr. John King, late Bishop of Sermon of Deliverance ; at the Spittle, on Easter
London, on Joh. ch. xv. ver. 20. Loud. 1621 : to which Monday. Ps. xci. ver. 3. 1626. 4to.
is added the Examination of Tho. Preston, taken before Tivo Sermons ; at Whitehall, in Lent. Eccles. ch. xii.
the Archbishop of Canterbury, at Lambeth, 20 Dec. ver. 1. and on Ps. li. ver. 6. 1527. 4to.
1621.
1 Abstract of Returns of Charitable Donations, pp. 60, 61. " Willis's Cathedrals, vol. ii. pp. 223. 440.
584
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Sermon at St. PauVs ; on his Majesty's Inauguration, tremes : the first too elegant for the vulgar use, chang-
Jerem. Ch. i. ver. 1. Pr. 1640. 4to. ing both meter and tunes, wherewith they had been long
Sermon ; at Whitehall, 29 May, being the day of his acquainted : the other, as flat and poor, as lamely word-
Majesty's happy inauguration and birth. Ezek. Ch. xxi. ed and unhandsomely rhimed as the old ; which with
ver. 27. Lond. 1661. 4to. more confidence he undertook to amend. He, therefore.
Sermon ; at the Funeral of Brian (Duppa) Bishop of ventured in a middle way, aiming without affectation of
Winchester, in the Abbey Church of Westminster, 24 words, and endeavouring not to leave them disfigured in
Apl. 1662. Ps. cxvi. v. 15. Lond. 1662. 4to. the sense. This Version soon afterwards came out with
Visitation Sermon ; at Lewes, 8 Oct. 1 662, on Titus the title above mentioned." >■
Ch. ii. ver. 1. Lond. 166-3. 4to.
Sermon; preached 30 Jan. 1664, at Whitehall, being
the day of the King's Martyrdom. 2 Chron. Ch. xxxv.
ver. 24, 25. Lond. 1665. 4to.
2. An Exposition on the Lord's Prayer, deUvered in
certain Sermons on St. Matt. Ch. vi. ver. 9, &c. Lond.
1628. 4to.
3. The Psalms of David from the new Translation to
the Bible, turned into meter ; to be sung after the old
tunes used in Churches. Lond. 1651, 1654. 12mo.
" The Bishop being at Divine Service at, as is be-
lieved, the Church of Lamjley, in Bucks, and hearing a
Psalm sung, whose wretched expression quite marred
the Penman's matter and his devotion, he did at his re-
turn home that evening, try whether from the version of
our Bible he could not easily, and with plainness suiting
the lowest understanding, deliver it from that garb which
indeed made it ridiculous. From one to another he
4. A Deep Groan fetched at the Funeral of the in-
comparable and glorious Monarch King Charles I. &c.
1 649. One sheet said to be written by D. H. K. : the
same pirated under the letters J. B.
5. Poems, Elegies, Paradoxes, and Sonnets. Lond.
1657. 8vo.
When these Poems were first published, it was re-
ported that Dr. Philip King, brother of Dr. Henry King,
was the author, and it was inserted in the Bodleian
Catalogue, under the name of the former.
6. Several Letters, among which are extant one or
more addressed to Archbishop Usher; another to Isaac
Walton, concerning the three imperfect Books of Rich.
Hooker's Ecclesiastical Pohty, dated 13 Nov. 1664.
pr. at London, 1665, 8vo.
7. Anthems ; one for Lent, composed to music by
Dr. John Wilson, Gent, of his Majesty's Chapel.
8. Divers Latin and Greek Poems, of which many
are extant, in several Books ; and a Sonnet, amongst
passed on until the whole book was run through ; which
done, he could not resist the advice and importunity of other poems, is in a book of William Slatyer's Elegies,
better judgements than he esteemed his own, to put it dated 1619, with others having his initials, H. K.
to press. He was, as he confessed, discouraged, know- His charitable donations to this his native Parish
ing that Mr. Geo. Sandys, and then lately one of the have been already noticed.
pretended reformers, had failed in two different ex-
During the Long Parliament, when Episcopacy was put down. Dr. Henry King lived chiefly in the house of Sir
Richard Hobart (who had married his sister), at Langley, near Colnhrooh. At the Restoration he regained his
See, and was much esteemed by the inhabitants of the neighbourhood in which he lived, being regarded as an
epitome of honour, virtue, and generosit}', and a person never to .be forgotten by his tenants and the poor. But
Wood says, that not being afterwards translated to a better See, he became discontented, and favoured the Presby-
terians. He died 1st Oct. 1669, and was buried on the south side of the Choir, at Chichester, near the communion
table, and had a handsome monument erected to his memory by Anne his surviving widow, who was the daughter
of Sir William Russell, of Strensham, in Worcestershire ; and was subsequently married to Sir Thomas Millington,
M. D." Whilst he and his brother. Dr. John King, were Canons of Christ-Church, in Oxford, at the reparation
of that Cathedral, they were at the expense of removing the tomb of their relation. Dr. Robert King, Bishop of
Oxford, from the eastern part of the choir, where he was buried in 1557, into the south aisle, and placed under the
window near the Canon's stalls ; and also set up the effigies of the Bishop in the glass, with a representation of
Oseney Abbey, over which he presided before he was made a Bishop f and with his Arms impaling those of the
Abbey, viz. two bends, originally the bearing of the See of Oxford before those of St. Frideswide's Convent were
adopted, as afterwards borne by himself and his successors.*
Wood's Athena
See AsiiENDON
, vol.
p. 35.
p. 432.
2 Wood's Athena; ; Le Neve's Fasti, p. 197 ; Walton's Lives ; Bii
+ Willis's Hist, of Cathedrals, vol. ii. p. '241.
laph. Diet.
WORMINGHALL. 585
Dr. John King, his younger brother, was born in Yorkshire, in 1595 (his father being then Archdeacon of Not-
tingham) and admitted a Student of Christ-Church, 1608; was, in 1624, made a Canon there; also D. D. and
Canon of Windsor ; subsequently was a Prebendary in St. Paul's Cathedral, and Rector of Remenham, co. Berks ;
and dying 2 Jan. 1638, aet. circ. 43 years, was buried in Christ-Chvuch Cathedral, near Bishop King, with this
inscription : —
Johannes King, Sacrae Theologise Professor Filius 2''"-'. Johannis Episcopi London : publicus olim Academise
Orator, deinde Eccl. hujus et Windsor. Praebendarius, mortaUtatis exuvies in hoc pulvere deposuit Januarii die
2''<'. A.D. 1638. aetat. 43.
PEDIGREE OF KING, of WORMENHALL.
From Wood's Athense, Oxon. the British Topographer, and other authorities.
Arms of King, of Claydon, Padbury, and Twyford, and of Bicester, co. Oxon. from whom Rafe King, "Vintner, of London, in 1623, was descended;
and of which family was King, Bishop of Oxon.
Sab. a lion ramp, crowned between three crosslets Or. Crest : an osti-ich rising Arg. out of a ducal coronet. Or. Motto : Atayis Regibus.
Robert King, or Kynge, said to be descended from the ancient Kings of Devonshire; a Cistercian Jlonk, Thomas King.=|=
1506; Abbat of Bruerne. 1515; D.D. at Oxford, 1518 ; Abbat of Thame, 1533 ; Preb. of Lincoln, 1635 ; brother of
Bishop of Roven, in Italy, 1539; Suffragan to the Bp. of Lincoln ; Preacher at St. Mary's, Stamford; Robert Bp. of
1st Bp. of Oxford, 1542; continued 1546, Ob. 4 Dec. 1557 ; bur. in Ch.-Ch. Oxford. Oxon.
Philip King, of Wormenhall.=pEuzABETH, dau. of Edm. Conquest, of Houghton-Conquest,
John King, b. at Wormenhall, circ. 1559; Student of Ch.-Ch. 1576; Chaplain to Q. Eliz.and=r=JoANE, dau. of Henry Robekt King, Preb
K.James; Archdeacon of Nottingham, 12 Aug. 1590; D.D. Oxon. 1601 ; Dean of Ch.-r- -^ ' ^ ';--'- ""-
1605 ; Vice-chancellor from 1607 to 1610 incl. Bishop of London, 8 Sep. 1611. Ob. 30 J
1621, a;t. 62 ; bur. in St. Paul's, London.
of Lincoln, 1575.
Ob. circ. 1584.
1. Henry King, born at Wormenhall, 1591 ; Archdeacon of=
Colchester ; Canon of Ch -Ch. Oxon. Dean of Rochester,
1638; Bishop of Chichester, 1641. Ob. 1 Oct. 1669:
buried in Chichester Cathedral.
John
Keng, eld. son ; buried at Chichester.
Anne, dau. of Sir Wm. 2. John King, bom in Yorkshire ; Student of Ch.-Ch. Oxon.
Russell, of Strensham, CO. 1608: A.M.; Canon of Christ-Church, Oxon. 1624;
Worcester; mar. 2dly, to D.D. 1625; Can. of Windsor, 1625; Preb. of St. Paul's,
Sir Tho. Millington Knt. London; Rect. of Remenham, co. Berks. Ob. 2 Jan. 1638,
M.D. set. 43 ; bur. in Ch.-Ch. Cathedral, Oxon.
THOMLEY, THOMELE, THUMLEY, THORNLEY,
although included in Wormenhall, forms part of Oxfordshire, and therefore does not properly belong
to this work : but, as the family of Fitz-Elias, principal proprietors of the lands in Wormenhall, and
patrons of the Church, appear to have resided in Thomley, and derived their name from the place, it
may be mentioned that William, son and heir of William Fitz-Elias, did homage for one Knight's fee
here, of the Honour of Walingford, early in the reign of Henry HI.' and that in the time of King
Edward I. the Abbat of Dorchester held messuages and lands here, by the service of presenting a rose
to Robert, " son and heir of Elye de Thomele."^ The Abbat held six acres of land of the gift of
Elias, son of Robert de Thomele, of whose descent the following is a sketch : —
Robert de Thomele.=p
Elias, son of Robert, confirmed the gift of the Ch. of Wormenhall to St. Frideswide's, Oxford.=pMATiLDA, relicta. [Rot. Hund. vol. ii. p. 726.] Jeffrey.
Thomas Fitz-Elyas.^ Robt. Fitz-Elias, or de Thomele, 7 Ed. 1 =t=
Robert. [Rot. Hund. vol. ii. p. 725.] Rouert, son of Robt. Fitz-Elias, 21 Ed. ].=,=
Robert Fitz-Elias, 12 Ed. 3.=Margaret. Ob. 1375, '
r -"
John Fitz-Elias, 10 Hen. 4.
' Roger Dodsworth's MSS. and Rot. Fin. 11 Hen. 3. * Rot. Hund. 7 Ed. 1. Oxon. vol. ii. p. 714.
VOL. I. 4 F
586
WOTTON-UNDERWOOD, OTTONE, WOOTHONG,
WOOTTON,
is conjectured by some of the early writers to have derived its name from its humid situation,
the Saxon Woothong, signifying nearly the same as humida villa in Latin ; the adjunct Underwood
more certainly on account of its contiguity to Bernwode Forest.
The parish is bounded on the north and part of the east by Ludgarshall, and Ham, and Westcote, in
Waddesdon ; on the south-east by Ashendon ; south by Dorton ; and south-west and west by Brill ;
being about eleven miles from Aylesbury, and nine south-east from Bicester, co. Oxon. It contains
about two thousand acres, of which scarcely one-fifth is computed to be arable; about 800 acres wood-
land ; and the remainder meadow and pasture, including very extensive gardens and pleasure-grounds
belonging to the mansion-house, and a lake of perhaps about seventy acres within the same.
THE MANOR.
Wootton was, at the Domesday Survey, part of the possessions of Walter Giffard, to whom it
had been given by the Conqueror amongst the lands which Edith or Eddeva, wife of Wluard, held in
the time of Edward the Confessor. It had been then worth 8/. per ann. but after the Conquest, was
constantly rated at 11. The manor was held by Ralph a subfeudatory of Walter GifFard, who was
taxed at ten hides; and here was land for ten ploughs. In the demesne were three, and ten villeins,
with thirteen bordars had seven. There were five servants, and five carucates of pasture ; with
woods for pannage of two hundred hogs. The possessor had power to sell.'
Upon this unquestionable authority, the Lordship of Wootton, being part of GifFard's lands, was
held under him and his immediate successor, Walter GifFard, second Earl of Buckingham, as of his
Honour of Crendon. It is asserted by Lysons, that " Isabel, daughter and co-heir of Walter the
second Earl, is said to have brought this manor in marriage about the year 1097, to Richard de
Grenville :"" but in no account of the House of GifFard upon which reliance can be placed, is mention
made of any daughter of Walter, second Earl of Buckingham ; all authors agreeing that he died
without issue, and that his inheritance was shared between and amongst the descendants of Rohese,
his sister, one of the daughters of Walter GifFard, the frst Earl; and she is the only one of those divers
daughters to whom Dugdale alludes on the authority of Gemeticensis' (a writer of the time of William
the Conqueror), who is particularised by name, or, in short, of whom any account is given.
That this Isabel was the daughter of the second Earl of Buckingham (besides the unusual circum-
stance of the feudal Lord permitting his daughter to match with his tenant), is also rendered very
' Wotton. Terra Walterij Gifard. In Esseden Hd. 00. Radulf ten' de Walterio Oltone. p. x. hid se defd. Tra.' e x.
car.' In dnio sunt. iii". et x. uilli cu xiii. bord. hnt. vii. car. Ibi v. serui. et p'tu. v. car'. Silua. cc. pore'. Int'. totu
ual et ualuit. vii. lib. T. R. E.' viii. lib. Hoc CD tenuit Eddeua uxor Vluuardi. et uende.' potuit. [Lib. Censual,
vol. i. f. 147.]
2 Magn. Brit. vol. i. p. 673. 3 Xoni. i. p. 60.
WOTTON-UNDERWOOD. 587
improbable by reference to dates ; for Walter Earl of Buckingham was living in 1165, if not later,
and therefore must have far exceeded the ordinary course of human life if he had been father of a lady
married in 1097, according to the statement before mentioned ; and even if the fact were so, her male
issue, if not preferred, unquestionably would have been allowed to share in the succession to the
Giffard's lands : but those were divided amongst more remote descendants ; and the issue of the said
Isabel (whether daughter of the first Walter GifFard, or the second) entirely excluded from any par-
ticipation of that inheritance.
After the decease of Walter, second Earl of Buckingham, his lands were shared amongst his rela-
lations ; and early in the reign of Richard I. a partition was made between the Earls of Clare and
Pembroke,^ and Wotton was included in that moiety assigned to William Mareschal, Earl of Pem-
broke, and formed part of the Honour of Crendon.
King John confirmed to the Earl of Pembroke the possession of his share of the inheritance, and
the names of Etistace de Grenvlll and Robert de la Rokele, who are mentioned in the Testa de Nevil
as holding two Knights' fees in Wotton in demesne of the Honour of GifFard, of Mareschal's portion,-
likewise occur among the subfeudatory tenants of those lands described as belonging to the Honour of
Crendon.
In the Hundred Rolls of King Henry III. a particular account of these lands is also given, and the
names of the tenants, by which it is evident that Wotton was divided in a manner incompatible with
the statement made in the Magna Britannia, and with the notions which have been formed respecting
the alliance of the Grenvilles with the House of GifFord.
William Mareschal Earl of Pembroke having married Alianore, sister of King Henry III. and dying
in 1231, s. p. his widow became the wife of Simon de Montfort Earl of Leicester, who, in her right,
held part of the lands of the GifFards.^ " Eustace de Greinville," proceeds the Record, " holds a
certain part of Wotton, viz. a mediety, and it is of the Honour of Giffard, and answers for one
Knight's fee to the Earl of Leicester." " The Heirs of William de Cantelupe hold another mediety
of the same place, and of the same Honour, by the service of one Knight having been enfeoffed by
Robert de Tateshall."
" Item. The Heirs of William de Cantelupe hold half a hyde of land of the Templars, in the same
place, paying half a mark annually ; and it is of the Honour of GifFard.
" The Abbat of Nothele holds one virgate of land in the same, of the gift of Maud de Rupellis ;
and pays twelve pence pr. ami. to the Heirs of William de Cantilupe, and it is of the Honour of GifFard.
"The Prior of Bentley holds, in the same place, three virgates of land, of which two are in his
demesne ; and Michael de Hamme holds one under him, at an annual rent of four shillings. He has
one of the gift of Fredeshet de Wottone, and two of the gift of Alice de Rupell. The whole is of the
Honour of GifFard.
" And the Earl of Cornwall and Leycester has view of Frankpledge and Pleas.
" Eustace de Greinvill pays one half-quarter of barley every year, and one halfpenny to the Manor
of Brill ; and Richard de Rupellis another half quarter and one halfpenny, that he may be quit of
tonnage and other customs there."*
I See Crendon, p. 199. = Test, de Nevil, f. 168, p. 31. » See page 201.
* Wotton Eustachius de Greinvill tenet quandam ^te ejusdem velle viz medietatem, et est de honore Giffard, et
respondet ^ feodo unius militis com'. Leycestr. Heredes Willi Cantulupo tenent aliam medietatem ejusdem ville et
ejusdera honoris faciendo servicium uuius feodi unius militis et fuerunt feoffati de Rob'", de Toteshalle. Item heredes
Willi de Cantulupo tenent dimidiam hydam tre' in eadem villa de Templar, reddo dimid. marcam per annum et est
d'honore Giffard. Abbas de Nothele ten unam virgatam tre' in eadem villa de dono Matild. de Rupellis et reddet duo-
decim denar hereditz. Willi de Cantulupo ^ annii et est de honore Giffard.' Prior de Benettleye tenet in eadem vill tres
588 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Hence it is indubitable, that even if so extraordinary and preposterous an affinity as the intermarriage
of the first Richard de Grenville witli Constance the daughter of Walter Giffard, Jlrst Earl of Buck-
ingham, and subsequently with her niece Isabell, the supposed daughter of the second Earl, who has
been positively affirmed to have brought to him in marriage the Manor of Wotton, there is not the
least ground for assuming this as a fact ; nor can any dependance be placed upon the authorities to
which reference in support of that erroneous statement has been made by Collins, or any other writer.
In 121,3, Thomas de St. Andrew recovered against Richard de Greinville common of pasture in
Wotton, which belonged to his free tenement in Ashendon ,-' and his estate there was likewise part of
the Honour of GifFard, afterwards the Honour of Crendon. In 1282, a fine was passed of lands and
meadow in Wotton, between James, son of Peter de la Rokele and Alice his wife, declared the right
of James. -
In the beginning of the reign of Edw. I. the Earl of Gloucester had seised into his hands those
lands in Wotton and Ham which had belonged to William de Cantilupe, and he held them six years ;
m the course of which he received 30/. being one hundred shillings pr. aim. the King's Escheator not
having made his due collections.^
In the partition of the Honour of Gloucester, in 10 Ed. II. two Knights' fees in Wotton, the pur-
party of Hugh de Audeley,' were held by Richard le Warde at 101. and two Knights' fees by
Richard de Grenville, likewise the same purparty,'^
In 1323, Adomar de Valence Earl of Pembroke, and Mary his wife, died seised of half a Knight's
fee in Wotton ;" and whatever may be asserted to the contrary, it was not until 1330, that a fine being
passed of the Manor of Wotton, between Richard de Greynville, Qaer'. and Walter son of Henry de
Wotton, Def. which the latter granted to Richard de Greynville for life, with remainder to William
his son, and the heirs of the body of the said William ; remainder to Ednmnd de Grenville, brother of
William, and the heirs of his body; remainder to Margery, sister of Edmund, and the heirs of her
body ; remainder to Nicola, sister of Margery, and the heirs of her body ; remainder to Agnes, sister
of Nicola, and the heirs of her body ;' that the Grenvilles were infeofFed in their lands here ; but
the Manor of Wotton, thus acquired by the family (previously possessed of lands in the vicinity) has
been uninterruptedly held by their descendants to the present time ; nevertheless, until the abolition
of feudal tenures, under the chief lords of the fee, as will appear in the following account, which
evmces the necessity of attending to the proper distinction between the possessors of the Seigniory
and their sub-tenants."
In 1.347, Hugh de Audele, Earl of Gloucester, died seised of fees in Wotton, of the inheritance of
Maud his wife, and held under him by Richard de Grenville.^
In 1372, Ralph Earl of Stafford and Margaret his wife, daughter and heir of Hugh de Audeley
Earl of Gloucester, died seised of fees in Wotton, which and Richard de Grenville held."'
virgatas tre'. unde duas tenet in dnieo et unaro qiiam Micliahel de Hamme tenet de eo reddo quatuor sol'. ^ annu. Unani
hiit. de dono Fredeshet de Wottone et duas lint, de dono Alicie de Rupell', et est tot de honore Giffard.' Et Comes
Cornubie Leycestr hfit. visum francipl'. et placitat placitum de nsemio vetito de ead'. vill'. Eustachius de Grenviil dat un'.
dimid'. quan'ii frunienti ^ annG et un'. ob'. ad 00'. de Brehull et Ricardus de Rupellis aliud dimid'. quarfii et un ob.
ut sit quietus de tonnagio st aliis consuetudinibs ibm. [Rot. Hund. 39 Hen. 3. v. i. p. 24.]
' Placit. 15 Job. Abbrev. p. 92. See also page 14. « Rot. Fin. II Ed. 1.
3 Dicunt qd. Comes GIouc. seisivit t'ras que fuerint Willi de Cantilupo in Wotton et Hanimes in manu sua p. sex annos
que valet p^ ann. C=. p. deftu Escaetor Dni Regis quia non venit et q"*. recepit infra sex annos xxx libr. [Rot. Hund.
4 Ed. 1. vol. i. p. 42.]
* ^ISS. Cardigan. j Ibid, and Esc. 46 Ed. 3. n". 62. p. m. Ralph Earl of Stafford.
6 Esc. 17 Ed. 2. n". 75. Cal. vol. i. p. 314. 7 Rot. Fin. 3 Ed. 3. ^ See Introduction, p. 1,2.
5 Esc. 21 Ed. 3. n°.'59. Cal. vol. ii. p. 138. '« Esc.46 Ed. 3. n°. 62. Cal. vol. ii. p. 322.
WOTTON-UNDERWOOD. - 589
In 1398, William, brother and heir of Thomas Earl of Stafford, died seised of one Knight's fee and
an half in Dorton and Wotton, held by Thomas Peyvre and others ; and of two Knights' fees in
Wotton, held by Robert le Ward and R Grenevile. '
In 1402, Edward Earl of Stafford died seised of two Knights' fees in Wotton, and one fee and an
half in Dorton and Wotton,"
The Seigniory thus descending, at length came to Edward Stafford, Duke of Buckingham,' who
was attainted and beheaded in 1521, and his estates forfeited to the Crown : and part of them being
subsequently granted by patent, 12 May, 1522, by King Henry VIII. to Sir Thomas Palmer, Knt.*
another Sir Thomas Palmer, of this family, held his Court-Leet for Policott, included amongst these
lands in 1714 ; and certainty money, for part of Wootton, was paid at that Court by the Grenvilles,
who afterwards purchased these possessions of the Palmers/
The history of the family of Grenville, now enobled by many titles, is diversly related as to the
descent of many of its branches. In this, however, genealogists seem to agree, that it is of Danish
origin ; and, according to Collins, the Granvilles Earls of Bath, and Grenvilles of Buckinghamshire,
sprang from the same stock, of which Bigot, first Duke of Normandy, is reputed the common
ancestor.
RoLLO, the son of Reginald, surnamed the Rich, a Danish Earl by Hilda, daughter of Harolst, is
said to have taken, at his baptism, the name of Robert. He died about 917 of the Christian era,
having had two wives ; first. Poppa, daughter of Berengarius Count of Bajoux ; and secondly, Gisela,
or Gilette, or Algidia, daughter of Charles (called the simple) King of France, the ninth monarch of
the second race of the French kings, and the fifth in descent from Pepin, the head of that dynasty.
In some accounts,*^ the issue of RoUo is said to have been by Gilette, the French princess ; in others,
his descendants are represented as from Poppa, his first wife : these derive the descent of Richard de
Grenville, the first of the name, ascertained to have settled in England, in the following manner : —
PEDIGREE OF RICHARD DE GRENVILLE, a follower of Williaji the Conqueror.
Reginald, surnamed the Rick, a Danish Earl.=f=HiLDA, dau. of Harolst.
1. Poppa, dau. of Berengarius,=pRoLLo, surnamed Bygot, first Duke of Normandy. On being baptised,=2. Gisela, c
Count of Bayoux. took the name of Robert ; and died eirc. 917. Simple, Kh
A, dau. of Hubert, GEnLorrA, mar. to Will. 2d Duke Crispina, mar. to Grimal-
of Acquitaine. dus, Prince of Monaco.
William, surnamed Longaspatha, second=
Duke of Normandy, murdered 948, by
contrivance of Lewis King of France.
1. Emma, dau. of Hugh Magnus, Count of Paris ; ob.s. p.=RoBERT, 3d Duke of Normandy, surnamed the Hardy. Ob. 960.— Gunilda, a Danish Lady.
Richard, 1st son, succeeded as Duke of Normandy, Maiiger, 2d son, had the Earl-==. . ,. Rorert, 3d son. Count of William, 4th son. Count of
and was grandfather to William the CoNQUEnoR. dom of Carboil, in Normandy. Evereux, Abp. of Rouen. Hiemes & Lt. of Monstreul.
I !
Hamon, only son and heir, slain in the service of Robert Duke of Normandy .=j=
Hamon, surnamed Dentatus, only son and heir. Earl of Carboil, and Lord of Thorygny,=f=ADELAiDE, or Hedwig, dau. of the Emperor Henry Auceps.
Grenville, Brety, and Cranley. |
Robert Fitz-Hamon, Earl of Carboil. Ob. s. p. m.= Richard de Grenville.
The descent from Gilette, daughter of Charles King of France, makes her the mother both of
William, called Long-Espee, and of a second son, Robert Earl of Carboile, omits all notice of any
issue from the former, but deduces a succession of five Earls of Carboile, from Robert to Hamon-
' Esc. 22 Ric. 2. n°. 46. Cal. vol. iii. p. 247. See also Dorton, p. 239.
= Ibid. 4 Hen. 4. n°. 41. Cal. vol. iii. p. 209. ^ gge Pedigree of Stafford, p. 28. * Page 30, 31.
5 See page 31. 6 Collins's Peerage, vol. iii. p. 411.
590 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Dentatiis, who is called the sixth ; states his marriage with " Elizabeth D'Avoye, his near kinswoman,
widow of Hugh the Great and sister of the Emperor Otho, circ. 956 ;" that is about thirty-six years
after the death of Gilette, who is placed six generations higher in the same genealogical table, and
thus makes this Elizabeth instead of Adelaide (as in the other pedigree) the mother of Robert Fitz-
Hamon and of Richard de Grenville, who,
" To whom related or by whom begot,"
are accredited as two of the Norman followers of William the Conqueror into England ; which, by
the bye, is recorded to have been more than a century after the death of their mother's first husband!
Of Richard de Grenville, it is farther stated that he died (in his old age indeed,) on his journey to
the Holy Land, in 1147, eighty- one years after he is reported to have fought at the battle of Hastings;
nor, however extraordinary this may appear, was he a whit more remarkable than, according to
genealogists, was his son Richard ; who, on equal authority, is reported to have survived his father fifty-
eight years — two generations being thus extended to the astonishing period of one hundred and fifty-eight
years ; although the seven generations immediately preceding them had not exceeded the fourth part
of that term. It is therefore evident, that both errors and omissions sully these fabulous accounts,
which probably no records extant can satisfactorily explain. Nor will it detract from the splendour
of an ancient house, if the darkness which overspreads its early annals render it impossible to explore
a track which time has rendered impervious to the most diligent investigation. Cole's opinion (the
antiquary) was " clean contrary to any honour being derived from Norman ancestry," and he
took no pains to disguise it; for in those accumulated MSS. (for which an ardent curiosity has been
often expressed, he says), that " nothing was so base as those invading conquerors ; and as to
their Retainers who made up the bulk of the army, they were the refuse and outcasts of every
sort, younger brothers in debt, and scarcely with a shilling in their pockets, who came into England
with a thievish design to plunder and pillage the unhappy Saxons." ^ He proceeds, " It should
humble the pride of families, boasting of a long line of ancestry, to enquire. Who are descended
from Plato, Socrates, Epaminandos, or Alexander, whose names fill the noblest annals of
ancient story ? Where are the descendants of Cato, Caesar, Pompey, or Augustus ? The answer
must be, that one derives his descent from a turtle and custard-eating Lord Mayor, another from a
time-serving courtier ; a third from a captain of banditti, fighting for hire, under AVilliam the bastard;
and if any similitude, even in sound, can be discovered to the name of a ruined hovel in Normandy,
the despicable tribe of pedigree-mongers who Jmrii themselves in the rubbish of must)/ and unauthentic
fjenealogies, will readily undertake to produce proofs of descent from those Scandinavian savages,
whose irruptions overwhelmed Europe when ignorance and the Saracens took possession of the
civilized world. Others, more modest in their ambition, may submit to derive their descent from the
rabble of yesterday ; but Fame, Virtue, Genius, and Wisdom are the real pride of ancestry, and those
only who, by merit, have laid the foundation for honourable fame, may be laudably ambitious of
being remembered by posterity."
Richard de Grenville, called the second son of Hamon Dentatus, and younger brother of Robert
Fitz-Hamon Earl of Carboile, was of Biddeford in Devonshire, and Kilkhampton in Cornwall ; and it is
said that he took the name of Grenville from a Lordship in Normandy, that he accompanied his
brother Robert Fitz-Hamon into Wales ; assisted in the conqiiest of Glamorganshire, and was re-
warded with the Lordship and Castle of Neath, where he founded an abbey. On the death of his
brother, without male issue, he is represented to have succeeded to the Earldom of Carboile, and was
styled Earl of Carboile, Thorigny, and Grenville.
1 Letter to Mr. Tyson, in Cole's MSS. vol. xxiv. p. 55.
WOTTON-UNDERWOOD. 591
Although Robert Fitz-Hamon left no male issue, genealogists have recorded that, being Lord of
Cardiff at his death in 1107, he left a daughter, called Sibill or Mabel, who was his heir, and married
to Robert, Consul of Gloucester.'
From one o/the sons of this Richard de Grenville, according to some genealogists," and according
to others, from Robert his fourth son, issued that branch which has ever since flourished in this county
with increasing splendour.
Richard de Grenville, eldest son of the former Richard, who is related to have married Adeline,
daughter of Robert Earl of Mellent, is called the ancestor of the Granvilles Earls ofBath,^ and said to
have died in 1205. Another son, called William, is reported to have been father of Eustace de Gren-
ville ; a third was called Gerard ; and lastly, Robert de Grenville the fourth son : and here inextricable
confusion has been introduced by Collins's account of deeds without date, in which he has evidently
misplaced and mistaken many members of this family of the same names, who in fact belonged to very
different periods of time, and whose identity is impossible to be reconciled with the several pedigrees,
to which access may still be had ; for many of these deeds mentioned by Collins, as in his time in the
possession of the Grenville family, are still extant in the collections preserved amongst the Notley-
Abbey MSS. in the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford.
From those almost inexhaustible sources it is, that such different lines of descent have found their
way into some more modern accounts. In one of the Harleian MSS.* Theobald Greenvill is placed
at the head of a pedigree which, without one single date attached to it, until the time of Richard
Greenville, of Wootton-Underwood, living in 1634, derives his descent through fifteen generations,
and is at variance with every other genealogy of this family. Another pedigree amongst Willis's MSS.
likewise begins with Theobald de Grenville, stated to have lived in 1160 (6 Hen. II.) and it is pretty
evident, that he could not have been the same Theobald who mari-ied Margaret daughter of Hugh de
Courtney, second Earl of Devonshire, who died in 1371 ;^ and yet no other Theobald de Grenville is
to be found in either of these authentic documents. In the first mentioned. Sir Eustace de Greinville,
Knt. occurs as a great-grandson of Theobald ; and another Eustace, as the eighth in descent from that
Knight : in these particulars both pedigrees accord ; and, although, they also agree in the name of
Elizabeth daughter of Baldwin Butler, by Isabel Inglefield as the wife of the latter Eustace, the first
genealogy mentions only Richard Grenville as their son ; whilst the latter gives the name of a third
Eustace, living in 1517, as their second son ; and the accounts of Eustace are confused and perplexed.
The first of those names was he who gave 100 marks to be admitted to the lands of Gerard his
uncle in 1184 ;'' and the second, who was also a Knight, was buried probably, as Willis states,
at Notley-Abbey, about 1300, (whose wife Joane, daughter of Robert d'Arsic Baron of Cogges
shared in her father's inheritance, in the 13th or 14th of Henry HI.) but if the former Sir Eustace
had survived until 1300, he must have been more than 120 years old. The feet seems to be that
there were four individuals bearing the name of Eustace.
Robert, fourth son of the first Richard de Grenville, is related to have had two sons, Gerard and
Robert. Gerard, the elder, is said to have made a grant of lands in Chilton and Wotton, to Walter
de Burgh ;^ and was a witness to his cousin. Sir Eustace de Grenville's deed to William Fitz- Nigel.
He married Dionysia, daughter of Henry de Turbeville, Steward of Gascoigny, descended from one
1 Ancient Pedigree in tlie possession of Sir Cha. Knightley, Bart, of Fawesley, co. Northampton. ; see also Pedigree of
Clare, p. 201.
2 English Compendium, vol. ii. p. 411. ^ Collins's Peerage,
* Harl. MS. 1533, f. 102, and 1234, f. 41 ; Harvey's Visitation of Bucks, 1575; Philpot's Visitation, 1634, with addi-
tions by Browne Willis.
5 See Pedigree of Courtenet, p. 472. ^ Rot. Pip. 30 Hen. H. and 1 Ric. I. "> Collins.
592 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
of the Knights belonging to the retinue of Robert Fitz-Haraon.' Of his issue no account is given, ex-
cepting the progeny of his son William ; who witnessed a deed respecting lands here in 1258, between
Richard de Rupellis and Walter de Burgh. This William de Grenville was Sheriff of Oxon and
Bucks, in 1289 ;" and his son John married Agatha daughter of Walter de Burgh ; and in 1274, he
confirmed to John Fitz-Nigel the younger/ certain lands, to which Henry de Greenville (perhaps his
brother) was witness.* This line ended in three daughters : Nichola, the wife of Sir Reginald de
Hampden, probably before 1301 ; Agnes, married to John le Bruyn ; and Maud, who was party to a
fine with John Hampden her sister's son, in 1321. Robert de Grenville, younger brother of Gerard,
and son of Robert, fourth son of the first Richard, mentioned in a deed of Sir Eustace de Grenville,
had by Erneberche his wife (of whose fiunily nothing seems to be known,) two sons ; the eldest,
Gerard, confirmed to Notley-Abbey his father's grant of lands ; and his name occurs in a charter of
lands in Ham, to which Robert de Grenville and Reginald (supposed to be his cousins) were witnesses.
Gerard, who was living in 1204, and who acquired a manor in Essex, which had belonged to his
father, and had settled the same in dower on his wife, could not have been this Gerard, for the for-
mer died in 35 Hen. HI. and was found, by an inquisition taken after the death of Richard de Prescot,
to have held under Richard de Greinville, two hides of land in Blechendon, co. Oxon, by the serjeanty
of carrying a shield of brav/n before the King when he hunted in Whichwood Forest.^ Richard de
Grenville is said to have had two sons and one daughter ; the younger son, called Silvester, is men-
tioned by Collins, together with his brother, in a deed without date,'' and in a deed dated 10 Ed. I.;
and the elder son Eustace seems to have been frequently mistaken for the former Sir Eustace in the
reign of King John. The latter Eustace might have been knighted in or before the time of Ed. I, ;
but the former Eustace, if then living, must have been eighty-eight years of age. Sir Eustace de
Greenvile had a grant in 1273 (2 Ed. I.) from Hugh de la Wichead, of the whole right of Hugh to
a virgate of land, with messuage, croft, and meadow, in Wotton and Haine jnxta Brehul, which
William de Hame his brother held of the said Sir Eustace, the deed being dated at Wotton on St.
Nicholas's Day.
Amongst the Pleas of 2 and 3 Edw. I. in Michaelmas Term, it is recorded that Eustace de
Grienvill impleaded William Coly and many others, for having come to his house at Wotton, and
taken away his chattels to the value of five marks. And they answered, that the said Eustace seised
certain cattle of William de Shobington, who made complaint to the bailiffs of the Earl of Gloucester,
in Crendon, rvlthiu. whose lordship his land of Wotton is ; and they considered them as the cattle of
the said bailiff. And Eustace said, that his land aforesaid in Wotton, is within the liberty of William
de Valence, and not within the liberty of the Earl of Gloucester, &c. And thereupon the aforesaid
Eustace brought his action, &c. And it was adjudged that the said William and others should have a
day assigned, &c.'
Sir Eustace gave, by a charter," one-half of his estate in Wotton, to his son Richard, (with the
consent of Gerard, whom he called his son and heir, and who was denominated of Chilton,) and re-
cited in the same instrument, that he had bestowed the other half upon his daughter Alice, in frank
marriage with Humphrey de Rokele ; Gerard de Grenville of Chilton, his son and heir, and Robert
de Greinvile being witnesses." He gave to another son, John, land called the Rudingc, lying be-
tween a messuage called Holloway-street, and a messuage which Geffrey de Westcote held, and the
1 Collins, from Dugdale's MS. vol. xxxix. f. 68. '- See Chilton, p. 128. ' See Boarstall, p. 58.
'Cart. Antiq. and Kennet's Paroch. Antiq. p. 281, cited by Collins, vol. v. p. 279; also Rot. Fin. 7 EU. I. ;
Rot. Cart. 29 Ed. I. : See likewise Easington, in Chilton, p. 153.
5 Kennet's Paroch. Antiq. "5 Collins's Peerage, vol. v. p. 281.
7 Collins. 8 Ibid. y Ibid.
WOTTON-UNDERWOOD. 593
services of John Hernald and William Start, with part of the great meadow inWotton, and other lands, to
hold to the said John and his heirs ; and this John de Greinvile and Joane his wife passed a fine in 1283
(12 Ed. I.) with Philip Honeley and Juliana his wife ; and about three years afterwards, Philip Hone-
ley released to John Grenville, of Wotton, and Joane his wife, all his right in his lands, &c. in the
vill or fields of Wotton, to hold to the said John and his heirs ; gave to another son, called Martyn,
arable land called the Buristnde (Bury-stead) by deed dated at Wotton, on St. Alban's day, (22
June) 1290, 19 Ed. I.'
Richard de Gi-eenvile, second son of Sir Eustace, is mentioned in a deed made between him and
Richard son of Humphrey de Rupellis, concerning all the lands which the said Humphrey held of the
aforesaid Richard de Grenville, or Eustace his father, or Richard his grandfather, in Wotton ; and
this deed is witnessed by John de Grenville, next brother of Richard and third son of Sir Eustace,
who was party to a fine in 1300, by Reginald, Parson of the Church of Hampden, by which an
estate in Chilton and Easington was conveyed to him by the said Reginald, who was probably the son
of that Sir Reginald Hampden who married Nichola eldest of the three daughters and coheiresses of
John de Grenville, late of Chilton."
In 1308, a fine was passed of messuages, lands, and rents in Wotton and Field-Hamme, between
Richard son of Humphrey de Rokele and Basilia his wife, and John de Grenvile and Joane his wife,
which John de Grenvile conveyed to Richard and Basilia de Rokele, and the heirs of their bodies,
with remainder to Richard the son of Richard the son of Humphrey, and his heirs ; ^ and in the same
year another fine between James de Rokele and Joane his wife, and John de la Rokele, of messuages,
meadows and rents in Wotton juxta Bernewode, which James granted to John for life.
In 1316, James de la Rokele granted messuages, lands, and rents in Wotton-under-Bernewode, to
Richard le Marchaund and Joane his wife, and their heirs.*
Gerard de Grenville, called eldest son and heir of Sir Eustace (whose consent is men-
tioned in the settlement made by his father of his estate here) and elder brother of Richard, John,
and Martyn, is said to have been living at Chilton in 1286 (15 Ed. I.) being Justice in Eyre, North
of Trent. The daughters of Sir Eustace were, Alice, married first to Humphrey de Rokele, and
secondly to Thomas Creslaund, of Adingrave, and Amice wife of Richard de la Sale, of Ham.
Nichola, Margery, and Agnes, mentioned in some accounts,* were*^ the daughters of Richard de Gren-
ville his second son ; and Mary, whose name also occurs as daughter of Sir Eustace, is very doubt-
fully so placed.
Richard de Grenville (second son of Sir Eustace before mentioned) accepted an annual payment of
lOd. rent, to excuse the homage of William de Olive, for lands held of him by Olive in Wotton.''
In 1302 (31 Ed. I.) his name occurs with that of Joane his wife, who was daughter of William Lord
Zouch, of Harringworth;'' and by deed, on Sunday next after the Purification, 1309, he granted
lands in Wotton to his son William ; and in 1330, as before related, settled his estate, and probably
lived not long afterwards, for Joane de Grenville was in her widowhood in 1334 (8 Ed. HI.) ; and
his son and successor, William de Grenevyle, being in 1337 Lord of Wotton, granted by deed 6 Feb.
1 CoUins's Peerage, vol. v. p. 283.
2 Regist. of Robert Grosted, Bp. of Lincoln, no. 6 ; and Rot. Fin. 29 Ed. I. inter Reginaldum psonam. Ecclie de Ham-
den Q. et Johem de Greynvill de Chilton Def. Mess. terr. et redd, in Chilton and Easington jus Reginaldi et preterea
idem Johes concessit mess. terr. et reddit. quos Tho. de Adingrave et Alicia ux. ejus ten. in dotem Alicie remanere eidem
Reginaldo et her. [See Hampden, and family Pedigree.]
3 Rot. Fin. 2 Ed. II. * Rot. Fin. 10 Ed. II. 5 See Collins's Peerage, vol. v. p. 283.
6 Rot. Fin. 3 Ed. III. ' Deed dated at Wotton, on the Vigil of Pentecost, 17 April, (23 Ed. I.)1294 ; Ibid, p. 184.
8 See Ham, in Waddesdon, p. 487.
VOL. I. 4 G ,
594 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
11 Ed. III. to which his brother Edmund was a witness, certain lands in Wotton, lying near the
lands of Alexander at Halle, to Richard at Halle, of Wood-ham. He married Agnes, daughter of
William AVightham, of Haddenham ; and in 1343, obtained a license (18 Ed. HI.) from Thomas
Bcke Bishop of Lincoln, to found a chantry in the Church of Wotton, which he accordingly did.
In 1351, Thomas Freysel and William Freysel, with others unknown, were charged with having
forcibly carried away Agnes de Grenville, (called in the record. Lady of Wotton,) and conveyed her
naked into Bernwood Forest, and there and in divers places in the county of Bucks, unlawfully im-
prisoned her : for which offences Thomas Freysel was fined ten marks, and William five, A. D. 1351
(25 Ed. HI.)' If the date on the cenotaph or monument of William de Grenvylle be correct, this
outrage must have happened in his lifetime, and before Alice could have been properly denominated
Lady of Wotton ; and it is remarkable that Collins in the Baronage" as expressly stated, that he had
not found the time of the death of William Grenville, so that it seems probable he might have died a
little earlier.
In 1358 (32 Ed. HI.) a fine was passed between Nicholas de Burewell and William Frisel and
Margaret his wife, of lands in Wotton, the right of Nicholas;' and in 1365 (39 Ed. HI.) another
fine of the Manor of Wotton, with messuages and lands here, between Agnes de Grenevill and Walter
Freysel and Margaret or Margery his wife ; and the same Agnes de Grenvill and Thomas her son ac-
quired from Richard Smyth, of Ashendon, all his arable land in Wotton, called Great Budewell,"^ with
certain meadows and pastures, to hold to the said Agnes and Thomas and their heirs, with remainder
to William another son of Agnes and his heirs for ever -.^ the conveyance bearing date at Wotton, on
Sunday after the Translation of St. Thomas the Martyr.
In 1380 or 1381, by a fine between Agnes de Grenvylle and Thomas de Grenvylle her son, this
manor was settled upon Agnes for life;*^ but about eight years afterwards, regranted to Thomas de
Grenvyle, who, instead of it, settled upon his mother 40/. per ami. at two payments, by a deed dated
at Wotton, on Monday before the feast of the Annunciation, 1389. Several other fines had been pre-
viously passed, by which the Grenvilles ultimately increased their possessions here. Agnes de Grenville
died in 1396;^^ and Thomas deGrenville and William his brother, by a charter dated in 1387 (11 Ric.II.)
at Wotton, granted to John de Grenville and William (probably younger sons of Thomas) the lands
in Wotton called Burovells. William de Grenville, who was a party to this deed, died without issue.
Thomas de Grenville his brother died in 1402 (4 Hen. IV.) seised of the Manor of Wotton, leaving
issue by Elizabeth" his wife, a son Richard Grenville, who became his heir. The fact is, that Wotton
was then held under the Earls of Stafford, who possessed the fee and held in capite of the King.
John de Grenville, second son of Thomas, mairied Margery daughter and heir of John de Bourchier,''
but died without issue ; as did also William his brother.
Richard Grenville, son of Thomas, of Wotton, married Christian daughter of ; " and pur-
posing to go to the wars in France, his will dated at London 4 July, 1419, directed his body to be
1 Placit.Trin. An. 2.5 Ed. III. Buck. Piesentatum fuit quod Tho. Freysell et Will. Freysell cum aliis ignotis vi et armis
ceperunt Agnetem de Grenevill Dominam de Wotton et ipsam nudam abduxerunt in forestam de Bernewood et ibidem,
et alibi in diversis locis in Com. Buck, imprisonaverunt, sed utrum ipsam rapuerunt ignorant. Qui veniunt et ponunt
se in gratiam Regis, et Tho. finem fecit pro x. marc, et Will'us pro v. marc. [Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 109 n.]
= Suppl. vol. i. p. 285. ed. 17.50. 8vo. ^ Rot. Fin. 32 Ed. III. * Qu. Burewell.
5 Family deeds cited by Collins, vol. i. or vii. Suppl. p. 285. ; and Rot. Fin. 39 Ed. III.
c Rot. Fin. Buck. 4 Ric. II. '' Monumental Inscription in Wotton Church.
1 Morest or Morust, according to Collins, who cites the family deeds as his authority : but there exists great doubt
respecting this name, although it has been inscribed on a renovated monument in the church.
'J Collins, from the deeds of the family. • '" Launceline, Collins.
WOTTON-UNDERWOOD. 595
buried according to the rites of tlie Church ; and after payment of his just debts, bequeaths to his
wife all his lands and tenements in Wotton, with remainder to the heirs of his body by her, and in
default to his own right heirs for ever ; his lands inHaddenham in fee to Eustace his son; and wills his
wife to release all her right in that estate to the said Eustace before she enters upon the lands devised
to her in Wotton ; gives the said Christian all his personal estate, and charges her to do for his
soul what she should desire him likewise to do for her's ; and constituting William Burwell and
Robert Stratford his executors, bequeathed to each of them a legacy of 51. He died before the 1st
of June, 1427 (6 Hen. VI.) but Christian his wife was living in 1453 : and by her will in Latin,'
directed her body to be buried in St. Mary's Chapel, within the Prebendal Church of St. Mar-
garet at Leicester ; gives a legacy to her daughter Agnes, and the residue of her goods and
chattels, &c. to her son John, whom she constitutes executor, with the usual pious memento
respecting her soul.
Eustace de Grenville, son and heir of Richard by the said Christian, was in 1433 (12 Hen. VL)
amongst the chief gentry of Bucks who took an oath to observe the laws made that year in Parliament.
He married Elizabeth daughter of Baldwin Botiller; and in their marriage settlement it was agreed, that
the Manor of Wotton with its appurtenances, called " Grenville's Manor," should be settled by re-
covery on them and the heirs of their bodies, and in default on the heirs of Eustace, remainder to
the right heirs of Richard de Grenville his father ; that Richard Quartermain (uncle to the said
Elizabeth) shall pay to the said Eustace or his executors forty marks, and supply to Elizabeth de
Grenville, on the day of her marriage, apparel for her person and chamber, to the value of ten
marks ; that she shall have a jointure of twenty marks per ann. and if she survive her husband, the
residue of the Manor of Wotton. Another deed of equal date, between Richard Quartermain, Esq.
and Eustace Grenevile, Esq. covenants that Eustace shall, " by the Grace of God, take to wife
Ehzabeth daughter of Baldwin Botiller, cousin to the said Richard Quartermain, and her lawfully
marry, before the first day of August then next ensuing." This Elizabeth was the second
wife of Eustace Grenville, who had first espoused Margery, daughter of Bryan, but had by
her no issue.
Eustace Grenville died in 1480; having on the feast of St. Clement, 1479, made his will at Wotton, and
ordered his body to be buried in the chancel of Wotton Church ; bequeathed to maintain the light of
the Blessed Mary, three pounds of wax in candles, and two torches ; to the altar of St. Mary, one
bushel of wheat, and one of barley ; to the light of the Holy Cross, one bushel of barley and another
of beans ; the like to St. Katherine's light; and provided a chaplain, for one year, to celebrate divine
service for the souls of Margery his first wife and Elizabeth his second wife, his parents, benefactors,
and all Christian souls ; bequeaths to his son Richard 10?. ; to his son Eustace 61., his estate at Had-
denham and lands there for life ; charges both Wotton and Haddenham for payment of his debts :
and bequeaths to Thomas Fowler, Guy Westcote, and Thomas Salmon, Esquires, his executors, the
residue of his personal estate, to be by them disposed of for the good of his soul.'
The family of Margery Bryan, first wife of this Eustace Grenville, is not traced in the family pedi-
gree by the Baronagians ; but the descent of Elizabeth his second wife is very particularly delivered
by Collins, who cites the authorities of the Stemma de Botiller, and Dugdale's History of Warwick-
shire, in support of his assertion that she was lineally descended from " Thomas de Grey, son and
heir of Robert Lord Grey, of Rotherfield, by Elizabeth his wife, one of the daughters and heirs of
William de la Plaunch, oi Haver sham," ^ agreeably to the following table :
Collins, citing Ledger Book, p. 296 ^ in Peerage, vol. v, p. 286 n. 2 Ibid. ^ ibid. p. 288.
596 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
PEDIGREE OF ELIZABETH, second wife of EUSTACE GRENVILLE, Esq. of WOTTON.
From Collins's Peerage, vol. v. p. 287-8.
William de la Plaunche, of Haversham.==
Robert Lord Grev, of Rotherfield.=pELizABETH.dau.
Thomas Ghey, son ajid heir. =j=
1
Guy Dii Beeton, Serjeant at Law.=pJoANE, dau. and heir.
John Boteler.=j=Maud, dau. and co. heir. [By some said to liave been married to Jolin Waldegrave, wh
I was married to John Boteler.]
John Boteler.=pJoan, dau. and heir of John Waldegrave.
I '
John Boteler.=7=
Baldwin Boteler.=j=Isabel de Englefield.
Richard, ob. s. p. Thomas, ob. s. p. Elizabeth, dau. of Baldwin Boteler ,=Eustace de Grenville ; ob. (21 Ed. 4.) 1480.
heir of her brotlier (2d. wife.)
The same account is given verbatim in other books ;^ but in the biography of Grey, of Rotherfield,
and the account of that family by Dugdale in his Baronage/ no confirmation is afforded of Robert
Lord Grey having left male issue. Robert Grey of Rotherfield, brother and heir of Bartholomew
Lord Grey, "■ had," says Dugdale, " summons to parliament in 1 Ric. H. but not after. He died 14
Jan. II Ric. H. ([387) leaving Joane his daughter and heir about two years of age; whereupon
Elizabeth, widow of the said Robert, daughter and co-heir to William de la Plaunch, of Haversham,
who soon afterwards took to husband Sir John Clinton, Kt. of Maxtoke, in Warwickshire, had assignment
of dower." Joane " sole daughter and heir" of this Robert Lord Grey became the wife of Sir John
Deyncourt, Knt. ; and (temp. Henry IV.) on the death of her uncle. Sir Richard Grey Knt. succeeded
to his share of the inheritance, and her lands ultimately descended to female heirs.^ The statement
made by Collins is directly opposed by Dugdale and the Escheat Rolls ; but the former affirms, that
"Richard Viscount Cobham, being lineal heir to the before-mentioned Elizabeth, had a right to
quarter the arms of all the said heiresses ;"^ whereas it appears, by numerous authorities, that
Robert Lord Grey of Rotherfield had no male issue ; and if that be the fact, Joane wife of Guy de
Breton could not have been the daughter of Thomas, son of the said Robert, as is asserted by Collins.
Thomas Grenville, second son of Eustace, was, in December, 1489 (4 Hen. VII.) joined in com-
mission with Sir John Lord Grey of Wilton, Sir John Dormer, and Sir John Verney, Knights ;
and the Sheriff of Bucks (Richard Godfrey), was ordered to summon the posse commitaius, and
examine what number of archers, armed and arrayed, could be provided to go into Brittany; to
article and review them, and make due returns to the King, specifying the names and forces raised,&c.
Thomas Grenville died without issue, and, as his name is not mentioned in his father's will, was
probably dead before the making of it.
Richard Grenville succeeded, on the decease of his father, to the possession of his lands in Wotton,
and " exchanged the manor of Ascot, in Oxfordshire, with Robert Dormer, Esq. for Burwell's manor
in Wotton, which the said Robert had purchased, and which had been formerly alienated from the
family by the marriage of Alice de Grenville,^ daughter of Sir Eustace."
Richard Grenville, Esq. of Wotton, eldest son of Eustace, in his will dated 8th October, 1517 (9
Hen. VIII.) directed his interment in the chapel of St. Mary Magdalen and St. Catharine, in the
church of AVotton ; contributed to the lights at the altars of the Virgin and St. Catharine there ;
1 British Compend. vol. ii. p. 411. • Tom. i. p. 724. ^ Regist. Chicheley, f. 344, in the Archives at Lambeth.
♦ Peerage, vol. v. p. 288. s ibid, citing family deeds.
WOTTON-UNDERWOOD. 597
bequeathed 80^. to each of his daughters towards their marriage ; to his younger son George his house
at Chipping-Wycombe, called the George, all his lands in Berkshire, with reversion of rents in Stoke-
Talmage, in Oxfordshire, after the decease of his brother Eustace (then tenant for life, with remainder
to the testator), to the said George Grenville and the heirs of his body, and in default, to Edward his
other son and the heirs of his body, remainder over to his own right heirs ; and the residue of his
effects (after payment of debts and legacies) to Joane his wife and Edward his son, his executors, to
be disposed of for the health of his soul. He died 8 Oct. 1519, seised of the manor of Wotton, and
Burwell's manor in Wotton and Ham, of lands in Haddenham, and an estate at Chelmscote, near
Brailes, in Warwickshire, leaving Edward his son and heir, of the age of thirty years and more.^
Edward Grenville, Esq. who then succeeded his father, was, in 1527, Sheriff of Bucks and Bed-
fordshire, and married Isabel, daughter of Thomas Denton, Esq. of Caversfield. By his testament,
dated 2 March, 1536, and proved 13 June, he bequeaths his soul to God, the blessed Mother, and all
the Company of Heaven ; directs his body to be buried within his chapel at Wotton, if he die there ;
bequeaths to the High Altar 2d. for unremembered tythes, and 20s. to the parish ; gives annuities to
Richard, George, and Ralph, his younger sons, until they come of age, payable out of Burwell's
Manor ; and to such son as may become his heir, when of the age of 22 years, divers articles of
household stuff, to be delivered by his wife and other executors, if they think the said heir have any
towardness in him, otherwise not until he shall be 23 years of age ; bequeaths all the residue of his
personals to his wife (subject to debts), one moiety to be kept as an accumulating stock for his
younger children, until each of the said children shall have attained the age of 23. The residue, not
bequeathed, to Isabel his wife, George Grenville his brother, and Christopher Westcote, to be dis-
posed of for the health of his soul and his friends ; appointing these three last mentioned persons his
executors, with discretionary powers in regard to administration, provided the matter of his will be
not changed. He died on the 14th of April following, Edward his son and heir being then twelve
years of age."
EDWARDGRENviLLE,Esq. was bom 8 May, 1525 (17 Henry VIII.) and in 1548 (2 Edward VI.) had
livery of his inheritance. He married Alice, daughter of William Haslewood, of Alford, in Cheshire,
who succeeded him, and was married secondly to Walter Dennis, Esq. having had only one son, who
died in his infimcy.^ On the death of Edward Grenville, 31 Oct. 1587, Wotton with other estates
passed to his next brother, Richard Grenville (then about thirty-five years of age), who married
Mary, daughter of John Giffard, Esq. of Hillesdon, by whom he had many children, whose names are
expressed in the accompanying pedigree. He died 7 Nov. 1604, aged moi'e than 80 years ; having
by his will; dated 6 Dec. 1603, settled his estates so that this manor with other lands descended to
his eldest surviving son, Richard Grenville, who was born in 1567, and married Frances, daughter
of Thomas Saunders, Esq. of Long-Marston, co. Herts, by whom he had four sons and two daughters;
and dying in 1618, was buried at Wotton, being succeeded in this estate by his eldest son and heir,
another Richard Grenville, who was born 8 Aug. 1612; wasinl641 Sheriff of Bucks, and in 1642, one
of the Deputy-Lieutenants of this county (when William Lord Paget was Lord Lieutenant), having
for his colleagues the celebrated John Hampden, with Richard Winwood, of Denham, Arthur Goodwyn,
of Winchendon, Bulstrode Whitelock, and Thomas Tirrel, Esqrs. whose appointments were made by the
authority of Parliament.^ His name occurs in November, 1641, among the persons then recommended
to enforce the provisions made for raising forces in Buckinghamshire. In 1643 and 1644, he com-
manded a troop of horse in the parliamentary army ;^ and in 1646, was one of the parliamentary
> Esc. 10 Hen. VIII. Sept. 23. "~ Collins's Peerage, vol. v. p. 282. ^ Monument in Wotton Church.
* Ordin. of Parliament, 16 Feb. 1641 ; Lords' Journals, vol. iv. p. 440. ^ I^angley's Desborough Hund. p. 15.
598 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
justices of the peace for this county ; as also was Edward Grenville, his younger brother.' In 1654,
1655, and 1658, he was one of the knights of the shire for Bucks, and dying 10 Jan. 1665, was buried
in the aisle of Wotton Church. His first wife was Anne, daughter of Sir William Borlase, Knt. of
Great-Marlow, by whom he had two daughters and one son ; and she dying on the day next following
the birth of the latter (15 Jan. 1646) in the 29th year of her age, was buried at Wotton. His
second wife, according to Collins," was Eleanor, daughter of Sir Peter Tirrel, Knt. and relict of Sir
Peter Temple, Knt. of Stanton-Barry ; but by her he had no issue, and she surviving him until 1671,
then died, and was buried at Stanton-Barry, where a monumental inscription describes her as the
daughter of Sir Timothy Tirrel, and that she died at the age of 57, but without mentioning the name
of this Richard Grenville as her husband.^
Richard Grenville, Esq. only son tmd heir, succeeded his father in the possession of this estate, was
Sheriff of Bucks in 1671 (23 Car. H.) and married Eleanor, daughter of Sir Peter Temple, Knt. He
had one son and three daughters ; of whom Penelope, the youngest, was married to Sir John Conway,
Knt. and was greatly celebrated for her beauty and accomplishments.* Richard Grenville, Esq. died 4
July, 1719 ; was succeeded here by his son Richard Grenville, who was then more than fifty years of
age. He married Hester, second daughter of Sir Richard Temple, Knt. and Bart, of Stowe ;* and made
divers purchases of lands in addition to his estate here. Amongst them a portion of Wotton-Lawn, of
about twenty-six acres two roods and seventeen perches, was obtained by an agreement and with the
consent of the Commoners, which, under the name of Clerefield-Hook, had been formerly granted
(amongst other lands) by Queen Elizabeth to Walter Coppinger and Thomas Butler, in 1590 (33 Eliz.)
and in the patent stated to be in the parish of Ludgershall. Richard Grenville was one of the re-
presentatives for Wendover in 1 Geo. I. afterwards for Buckingham, until his death in 1726-7, leaving
Hester his wife surviving, who being the heiress of her brother. Sir Richard Temple, Knt. and Bart,
who had been (23 May, 1718) created Viscount and Baron Cobham, of Cobham, in Kent, witb re-
mainder to the heirs of his body, and in default the title and dignity of Viscountess and Baroness
Cobham to descend to the said Hester Grenville and her heirs male ; and in default to Dame
Christian Lyttleton, another sister, and her heirs ; became possessed of the estates of her ancestors ;
and in 1749 (23 Geo. H.) was farther advanced by patent (18 Oct.) to the dignity of Countess
Temple, and in remainder the title of Earl Temple to her heirs male ; and after the death of Richard
Viscount Cobham, the magnificent seat at Stowe thus coming into the possession of the Grenvilles,
Wotton was, subsequently, made the residence of a junior branch of the family.
Approaching nearer to the times in which we are living, those names remaining to be inserted in
this account of the Grenvilles cannot be deemed properly to come at present within the province of
the historian ; and although much might he said, and largely, in many instances panegyric might be
deservedly applied, whilst perhaps in some, censure might be justified, it seems more decorous equally
to abstain from both, and from passing the limits (too often passed by modern authors) of that duty
which imperatively demands the preservation of an accurate record of names, dates of alliances, and
official appointments, as materials for future biography, when the asperities and differences of political
opinions, personal resentments, and party vehemence no longer influence the pen of the writer, or
prejudice the mind of the reader, in a fair and impartial investigation, and sincere and honest de-
velopement of truth. The tabular Pedigree, therefore, which these preliminary remarks are intended
to introduce, has been compiled with a careful regard for the principles above stated, although, for
the reasons before assigned, necessarily in some particulars very imperfect.
1 Langley's Hist, of Desborough, pp. 17, 18. 2 Collins's Peerage, vol. v. p. 284.
' See Stanton Barry, and the Register. * Lansdowne's Poems ; Johnson's Ed. of British Poets, vol. 38, p. 42.
* See Stowe, and Pedigree of Temple.
WOTTON-UNDERWOOD.
599
PEDIGREE OF GRENVILLE of WOTTON-UNDERWOOD, DUKE of BUCKINGHAM and CHANDOS,
MARQUESS OF CHANDOS and BUCKINGHAM, EARL TEMPLE and NUGENT, VISCOUNT
AND BARON COBHAM; and Baronet.
From Pedi^ees, Visitations, Heraldic Collections, Ancient fllSS. in the British Museum, the Bodleian and Ashmolean Libraries, Parish Registers,
Jlonumental Inscriptiocs, and other authentic documents.
The Arms and bearings of the Grenvilles and their alliances are very particularly inserted in the description of the Mausoleum of the Family in Wotton-
Church,
1. 2.
Constance, " soledaughter of Walter=RicHARD de Geenytlle, second son of Hamon-Dentatus of Biddeford, eo.-
Giffard, Earl of Buckingham and Devon, and Kilkhampton, Cornwall, assisted in the Conquest of Glamor-
Longuevil." [Collins's Peerage, vol. ganshire, and was rewarded with the Castle and Lordship of Neath ; founded
iii. p. 412.] " One of the daughters the Abbey, and on the decease of his half brother, succeeded to the titles
of Walter Giffard, _/irst Earl of Buck- of Earl of Carboil, Thobigny, and Grenville, in Normandy : died on
ingham." [Ibid. vol. v. p. 65 ; also his way to Jerusalem in 1 ^47. [Collins's Peerage, British Compendium,
Seager.] ob. s. p. and Edmondson's Heraldry, vol. iii. p. 276.] " Lord of Greneville in
Normandy; in the year of our Lord, 1097, received the Manor and Lord-
ship of Wotton in portion with Isabel his wife, daughter of Walter Giffard,
second Earl of Buckingham." [Autogi-aph letter of George Marquess of
Buckingham, dated 2d May, 1802.] " jMamed one of the daughters of
Walter Giffard. Earl of Buckingham and Longville." [Collins, vol. v.
p. 227, Ed. 1779.] " Sister of Walter Giffard, who founded the Abbey of
Notley, CO. Bucks, 1161, and died without issue in 1164."
Isabella, "daughter of Walter
Giffard, Earl of Buckingham."
[Edmondson, vol. iii. p. 276.] " Sis-
terof Walter Giffard, Earl of Buck-
ingham, Founder of Notley Abbey,
1161." [Collins, vol. v. p. 275.]
See also Dugd. Bar. vol. i. p. 59,
60, concerning this Walter Giffard:
in which there appears nothing to
countenance or maintain the ac-
count of this marriage with Richard
de Grenville.
RD DE GREN\nLLE.=pADELINA, 2. WlLLUM DE^
Grenville, in
Poictou, 15
Joh. but called
son of Robert,
and grandson
of another
Robert.
Earl of Carboile B.ir,m
dau. of
Thorigney and Grenville,
Rob. de
ob. 1205. [Rot. Cart. 7
Beau-
Joh. m. 1 ; Cal. p. 23 ;
mont,
also Collins, vol. iii. p.
Earl of
413; "Lord of Biddeford
Mellent.
2 Joh."]
■s
Granville,
Earl
DfBATH.
3. Gerald de Grenville, " held three=pDr(
Knights' fees of Walter Giffard, before
1203; living 1156." [Collins, vol. v. p.
275.] Witness to a gTant of Sir Eustace
de Grenville to William Fitz-Nigel,
[Cart. Antiq. cited by Collins.] but
called by him son of Robert ; gave
lands in Chilton to Notley- Ahhey, and
confirmed his father's grant : viv. 1204.
pposed
by Col-
lins, dau.
of Hen.
de Tur-
beville.
Steward
of Gas-
coigny.
4. Robert de GREN-=f=E
ville, brother of Ge-
rald, iDefore 1 Ric. 1 ;
dead beforelJoh. 1204.
[Rot. Pip. Essex, and
Monost. Anglic] Bro-
ther pf William and
Hugh, sons of Theo-
bald, said to have lived
in 1160; (6 Hen. 2.)
[Willis'sMSS.] Father
of Osbert, and grand-
father to George.
or Erne-
becii.
[Collins,
Sir Eustace de Grenville,=
" only son and hr. of Wil-
liam : Steward to King
John; Constable of the
Tower of London, 1215;
viv. 1233 ; Nepheu> of Ge-
rald and Robert."
JoANE, eld. dau. and co-hr.
of Rob. de Arsic, Baron of
Cogges,co. Oxon ; survived
her husband, and with Alice
her sister, joined in sale of
their lands of inheritance,
in an assize, 1 John.
Richard de=
Grenville,
" son & heir
of Gerald,
benefactor to
Notley-Ab-
bey ; viv. 14
Joh. Willed
to be buried
at Notley."
[Kennetand
Collins.']
Gerard deGrenvillEjCM.
son and hr. viv. 8 Joh. Just,
in Eyre, North of Trent,
1286 ; died s. p. called also
only son as supposed. [Col-
lins, vol. V. p. 283.]
John de Grevii
of Sir Eustace
MSS. 1533. fol. 102.] of
Wotton, 15 Ed. 1. held the
Rudinge, in Wotton, viv.
2 Ed. 2. Benefactor to
Notley Abbey.
" son=f=Jo
[Harl. viv. 12
William de =
Grenville,
Warden ofOx-
ford Castle;
Sheriff of Oxon
and Berks,
1289.[Madox's
Hist, of the Ex-
cheq.] Called
eldest son by
Collins.
=Cristina.
[See Tmi.--
ersey and
monu-
ment
there.]
2. Robert de
GllENVILLE,
called nephew
of Henry de
Turbeville ;
vixit 1235.
[Collins, vol.v.
p. 279.]
[Collii
vol. V.
279.]
Ralph,
held lands
in Chil-
ton. [Col-
lins, vol.
V. Appen.
p. 274.]
sed qu ?
of Sir
Eustace.
2. WiL-
at Poic-
tou, but
(more
probably)
ncle.
John Grenville, only son and hr. held lands in Chilton under Alia-
NORE deLucy, tenant of Will, de Valence : ob. s. p.
Sir Eustace de Gren-=
ville, Knt. circ. 1 Ed.
1 . had a grant of land
in Wotton and Ham,
1273. [Rot.Hund.39
Hen. 3, and 3 Ed. 1:]
bur. at Notley inl300,
according to one ac-
count : according to
another, was living in
1324, (24 Ed. 1.)
Richard de Gkenville,=pJoane, dau. of William
Lord Zouch, of Haring-
worth ; ob. 26 Edw. 3.
(1352.) [Collins, vol. V.
p. 284.]
Alice, mar. 1st to Humph, de
Rokeley ; 2dly to Thos. Cres-
laund of Adingrave. [Collins,
vol. V. p. 283.]
Amice, mar. to Ric. de la Sale,
of Hame.
Mary, ) [Collins, vol.v .p.
Margery, S 283.]
Silves-
Martyn
Henry
DE Gren-
John de =f
Gren-
ter DE
DE Gren-
ville, son
ville,
Gren-
ville, of
and hr.
witness to
Bury- -
confirmed
the grant
bro. of
his fa-
ofhisbro.
Eustace :
Wotton,
ther's
Henry to
vixit. 10
19 Ed. 1 :
grant to
Notley,
Ed.l.
ob.s.p.
Notley-
viv. 1278.
[Collins.]
Abbey :
1274. ob.
[&llins.]
=Agatha,
Reginall
dau. of
deGren
Walter de
Burgh.
Ralph i,i
Gren-
ofChil-
NicHOLA, eldest dau. and co-hr. : mar to Sir Reginald de Hampden, Knt.
had issue. [See Pedig. of Hampden.]
Agnes, dau. and co-hr. : mar. 1st to John le Bruyn : 2dly to Reginald de
Beachampton, qu ?
Maud, dau. and co-h. viv. 1324. [Rot. Fin. 18 Ed. 2. also Collins.]
William de Grenville, held lands in Wotton, 3 Edw
to found a chantry there, 18 Ed. 3.
ill. Wightham of HadJenha
i; bur. at Edmund de Maiigeh
Grenville. Nicoia.
Agnes.
Thcjmas de Grenville, 1389, Lord of Wotton :=f=ELiZABETH, dau. of ....... . Morest. qu ?
ob. 1402. (4 Hen. 4.) I [Mon. in Wotton Church.]
,11 Ric. 2:
600
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Richard de Grenvii.le, eld. son=pCHnisiiAN, duu. of . . . . Launceline, sist. of Lady St. John
andhr: will dated 1419: ob. 1427. | 1453: willed to be bur. at Leicester. [Rot. Fin. 4 Hen. 4.]
=Mabcery, dau. and hr. William de Grin
of John Bourchier. ville : ob. s. p.
BGERv.dau.of Brya
s. p. ante. 38 lien. 6.
=ErsTACE DE Grenville: ob. 1480:=
bur.atWotton. [Fuller's Worthies.]
:Elizadeth, dau. of Baldwin Boteler, and hr. of her John de Grenville, execu- Agnes, mentioned
brothers : cousin to Ric. Quartermaine, of Thame: tor of his mother's Will, and her mothers Will,
mar. settlement dated 6 June, 1459. [SeePEDio.of held lands in Haddenham in
Boteler, p. 596.] 1453.
changed Ascot Jlanor, co. Oxon. for Bur-
well's Manor in Wotton ; Will dated 8
Oct. 1517 : ob. eod. die.
, ex-=f=JoANE, dau. of Edward Little- Tho
i Gren-
of Stoke-
ton. Esq. of
ford, joint
husband's W
Edwaiid Grenville, Sherift' of Bucks and Beds, 1527 : Will dated,=T=IsABELL, dau. of Thomas George Grenville, Serjt. of the Buck ANNE.mar.to JohnJosceline,Esq.
1536 : ob. 14 April, 1536 : bur. at Wotton. [Fuller's Worthies.] Denton, Esq. of Caversjield. Hounds to King Hen. 8. vixit 1536. Fortune, mar. to Power, of
[Pedig. of Denton.] Bletchington, Oxfordshire.
EnwAi
1525 :
ance 1
bur. al
:Alice, dau. of William Hasle-
wood, of Alford, co. Cest : mar.
2dly to Walter Dennis, Esq.
2. Richard Grenville, hr. of=
fMarv, dau. of
George
Ralph
William
Marv,
his brother : Will dated 6 Dec.
John GifFord,
Grenville,
Grenville,
ob. inf.
ob. inf.
1603: ob.7Nov. 1604,a;t. 80^
Esq. of Hilles-
b. 22 April,
b. 28 .Tuly,
v. p.
V. p.
don.
1529: ob.
s.p.
1532 : ob.
s.p.
1. Edward Grenville,
b. 4 July, 1561 : Capt.
of the Swallow and of
the Thomas under Sir
Francis Drake : ob. at
Carthagena, coelebs.
2. Rn
irdGr
b. 10 Sept. 1567, hr. of
his brother Edward : ob.
1618 : bur. at Wotton,
8 April.
Frances, dau. of Thos.
Saunders, Esq. of Long-
Marston, CO. Herts: mar.
2dly to Thos.Tirrel, Esq.
of Castlethorpe : bur. at
Wotton, 1 Dec. 1653.
DoRorHv, dau.
of Sir J.
Thynne, Knt.
of Longleat,
CO. Wilts.
Dorothy, b. 1562 : mar. to Sir Walter
Cope, Knt. of Kensington.
Elizabeth, b. 1563 : ob. innupta.
Isabell, b. 1565 : mar. to .... Dud-
ley, Esq. of Chopwell. qu?
Anne, b. 6 Nov. 1569 ; ob. innupt.
Anne, dau.ofSir=
Will.Borlase, Kt.
of Gt. Marlow :
d. 1646, inpuerp.
a;t.
=Ri(
RD GrEN- =ElEANO
30 J a
at Wc
ville, of Wotton
1634: Sheriff o
Bucks, 1641 : Dep. Pet. Temple, Kt
Lieut. 1643: M.P. SUinton Barry : (
for Bucks, 1654-6-8. " '
d.l665: b. 14 June,
at Wotton, Kt. 54.
idua, 1671
27 May, at Stanton
Barry. [Par. Reg.]
ville, b. at Lud-
gershall, 7 Oct.
bap. 10 Oct.
1613: ob. 3Feb.
1636 : coelebs.
Edward Gren-
ville, b. at Lud-
gershall, 12, bap.
18 Sept. 1614 ;
purchased Fos-
cote : ob. 17
April, 1661 :bur.
at Foscote.
=Andbea, dau. of
John Duncombe,
Esq.of £as(C/ai;-
don : mar. at East-
Claydon, 1635.
[Par. Reg.]
George Gren-
ville, b. at Lud-
gershall, 31 Oct.
bap. 12 Nov.
1617 : bur. 10
Margaret, bap. 14 Dec.
1615, at Ludgershall.
Susan, bap. 12 Dec. 1616,
died young.
Richard Grenville, b.=j=ELEANOR, dau. of Sir Peter Temple,
14 Jan. 1646. bap. at St. I Knt. of Stanton-Barry, by Eleanor his
Paul's, Covent Garden, | wife, (dau. of Thomas Tirrel, and
Lond.: Sheriff of Bucks, I afterwards wife of Rich. Grenville, senr.
1671 ; ob. 1719: bur. Esq. her husband's father :) bur. 25 Mar.
4 July, at Wotton. | 1729, at Wotton : viduil.
Anne, bap. 25 Apl.
1641 : bur. 16 July,
1661, at Wotton.
Amy, bap. 31 Jan.
1641 : ob. infans.
Edward Grenville,
ob. juvenis, 1661 :
bur. in St. Mary's Ch.
Oxford.
leigl:
lilip ]
, Esq
Richard Gr
only son and hr.
=Hester, 2d dau. of Sir Rich.
— iiEsiEu, ^u uau. oi oir ixicii. lemple, K.B. and
Bt. sist. and lir.of Sir Rich. Temple, 2d Bart. 1st
Visct. and Baron Cobham : mar. 1710: cr.
ham, until his death, 17 Feb. 1727: bur. 22 I 1749, Countess Temple: ob. 6, bur. 14 Oct.
Feb. at Wotton. 1752, at Wotton. [Pedigree of Temple, in Stowe.]
Eleanor, bap. 25 Nov. 1672, at St. Giles's in
the Fields, CO. .\Iiddsx. : ob. 1688 : bur. atWotton.
Anne, bur. at Wotton, 16 July, 1661.
Penelope, b. 6 April, bap. 21 April, 1674: mar.
to Sir J. Conway, Knt. of Bonriddan, co. Flint :
ob. 1745.
1. 'r
Grenville,
1). 26 Sept
1711 : bap
250ct,atSt
;ss.
Westmin
ster: M.P.
for Bucking-
ham, 1734,
1747 ; CO.
Bucks,
1741: Earl
Temple, Vis.
and Baron
Cobham,
1752: Lord
1757: K.G.
Lord Lt. of
Bucks, 22
;d=fAnna,
youngest
co-h. of
Cham-
bers, Esq.
of Han-
worth, CO.
Middlsex;
May.
May,
1739:
died 7
April,
1777: a^t
68 : bur.
at 5(,mc.
2. George Gren- =
ville, b. 14 Oct.
bap. 11 Nov. 1712,
in the parish of St.
Martin's, Westmin-
ster, iM. P. for Biict-
in-Aam, 1741 : Ld.
Cora.oftheAdmlty.
1744: of the Trea-
sury, 1747, and
M.P. (oT Bnckhig-
ham : Trea. of the
Navy, 1754: re-
signed, 1756: re-ap-
pointed in Dec. fol-
lowing: Privy
Council, and Sec. of
State, May 1762 :
resigned in Oct.
1762: First Ld. of
theAdm. 1763, and
16 April, 1st Ld. of
the Trea. Chanel. &
Under Trea. of
theExcq. : retired
1765: d. 13Xov.
1779: bur.atWotton
:I1,LIZABETII,
dau. of Sir
Wil. Wynd-
ham, Bt. by
Catharine
Seymour,
his ist wife,
dau.ofChas.
Duke of
4. Henry:
Gren-
ville,
at West- bap.
minster, 4 Dec.
April: 1717
bap. 2 Gov.
May,
sist. & co-h.
of Charles
Earl of Eg-
mar
1749: ob.5
Dec. 1769 :
Wotton.
1 May,
1716:
bur. at
Wott07l.
does,
1746:
Ambassa-
dor to the
Ottoman
Porte: d.
1784:
bur. at
B.ith.
=Margaret,
5. James =,
=MAnY, dau.
dau. of
Grenville, b.
and heir
Joseph Banks,
12 Feb. 1715:
of James
Esq. of Reves-
Ld. of Treas.
Smitn, Esq.
by, CO. Lin-
Paymaster of
of Harding,
coln : mar.
the Forces :
CO. Herts :
1754: d. 17
d. 14 Sept.
d. 14 Dec.
June, 1784, at
1783: bur. at
1757.
Hampton-
Butleigh, CO.
Court, CO.
Somerset.
Middlesex.
S. Th
Hh
Grenville,
at Westmin-
b. 4, bap. 30
ster, 8 Nov.
April,
1720: bap.
1719: Capt.
6 Dec. mar.
oftheRom-
6 Nov. 1754,
ney, and
to Will. Pitt,
afterwards
cr. 30 July.
the Defi-
1766,Earlof
ance, killed
Chatham :
3 May,
cr. Baroness
1747.
Chatham.
5 Oct. 1761:
ob. vidua.
Louisa Grenville, only child, b,
Aug. 1758 ; mar. 10 March, 17
to Charles Stanhope, Vise. Mai
fterwards 3d Earl Stanhope. [P:
iofSrA>
Dun
James Grenville, Privy Richard Gren-
Councillor, 21 Dec. 1783; ville, Major Gen.
M.P. for Bucks, 1790; cr. 1781,Col.32dRegt.
1791, Baron Glastonbury, (a General). Ob.
Ob. coelebs 24 Apl. 1825. coel.22 Apl.1823.
.•28
Sept.
14 July, 1742,
James's, Westminster : bu
WOTTON-UNDERWOOD.
601
1. Richard
Percy Grev-
VILLE, b. 12
Mar. 1752 :
bur. 13 July,
1759, at Wot-
2. GeorgeGhenville-Nugent-:
Temple, b. 18 June, 1753, one
of the Tellers of the Exchequer
by Pat. 2 May, 1763: Karl
Temple, Viscount and Baron
Cobham, 11 Sept. 1779: took
the name and arms of Nugent
and Temple, by royal Sign Blan-
ual, 16March,1780: Ld.Lieut.
and Cust. Rot. of Bucks. 8 Apl.
1782 : Ld. Lieut.Gen. and Gen.
Gov. of Ireland, 31 July, 1782,
K. G. and Priv. Council: Grand
Mast, of the Order of St. Pat-
rick, 5 Feb. 1783; Principal
Sec. of State 19 Dec. 1783:
resigned 22 Dec : cr. by Pat.
Marquess of tlie town of Buck-
ingham, 4 Dec. 1784 : Lord
Lieut, of Ireland, 1787, re-
signed 1789 :d. 11 Feb. 1813;
bur. at Wotton.
JIaiiy Elizabeth CnAOGs.dau.
and sole hr.of Robert Earl Nu-
gent, Visct. Clare and Baron
Nugent of Carlingstone, co.
Westmeath, by Pat. 20 Dec.
1766, with limitation of the Earl-
dom to his son-in-law, (George
Marquess of Buckingham,) and
his issue male : mar. 16 April,
1775 : or. Baroness Nugent, 27
Dec. 1800, with remainder to
Ld. George Nugent-Grenville,
her second son : died in Pall-
Mall, London, 16 Mar. 1813:
bur. at Wotton.
Th.m^s Gren-
ville, b. 31 Dec.
1755, of Eton Coll.
and Ch. Ch.Oxon:
M.P. for Bucks,
1780: Aldborough,
1790:D.C.L.Oxon.
by diploma, 1793 :
lU.P. for Bucks.
1796, Minister
Extra, to the (,'ourt
of Berlin : I'rivy
Coun. Warden and
Chief Justice in
Eyre, South of
Trent : M. P. for
Bucks, 1812.
Wi
Wynuii
E, b. 25
1759: M. P. for Bucks,
1780,1784: Priv. Coun-
cil, in Ireland, and Sec.
to Lord Lieut. 15 Sept.
1782; Paymaster of the
Forces and Priv. Coun-
cil, in England, 30 Dec.
1783: Sec. of State,
Speaker of the House of
Commons; cr. 25 Nov.
1790, Baron Grecville
of Wotton : Chancellor
of University of Oxford,
1810: died at Dropmore
12, bur. 20 June, 1834,
at Burnham.
M =Anne Prrr,
Oct. only dau. of
Thomas Lord
Camelford: b.
10 Sept. 1772:
vidua.
1771,
WiUia
1759,
1787,
Maiiy-Hesteh, b. 19
Jan. 1750 : d. 16 Sept.
1751.
Charloite, b. 14 Dec.
1754: mar. 21 Dec.
Sir Watkin
s-Wynn, Bart.
H,b.24 0ct.
ar. 12 April,
*.v^,, vj Joshua-John
ProbyEarlofCarysfort,
K.l'.as his second wife.
Hester, b. 23 Nov.
1760;mar.4May,1782.
to Matthew, afterwards
Earl Fortescue.
Catherine, b. 1761 :
mar. 9 June, 1790, to
Ric. Aldworth-Neville,
Esq. afterwards Lord
Braybroke : d. 6 Nov.
1796.
Richard Giienville Nugent Chand0St=A
Temple, b. 20 March, 1776; 2d Marquess
of Buckingham, 3d Earl Temple, 3d Earl
Nugent, Viscount and Baron Cobham : took
the name of Chandos 1796; BI.P for Bucks.
1797, 1802, 1807. 1812: Ld. Lieut. & Cust.
Rot. of Bucks, 1813, cr. 9 June, 1822
Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, jMarq.
of Chandos, K.G.
ly child and
sole hr. of James Duke of Chandos,
Marquess and Earl of Carnarvon,
and Baron Chandos; mar. 16 April,
at Stowe 16, bur. 24 Mi
vington, co. Hants,
George Gren-
viLLE, b. 30 Dec.
1788; D.C.L.
Oxon.6July,1810;
M.P. for Ayles-
bury 1812, 1818,
1820,1826. 1831 ;
Baron Nugent,
1813; Gov. of the
1813.
iMarv, b. 8 July, 1787, (or according to
Hist, of Northamptonshire, 3 Nov.
1785 ;) mar. 26 Feb. 1811,to Jas. Eve-
rard Arundel, (eld. son and hr. of Jas.
Lord Arundel of Wardour) since Ld.
Arundel.
iLLE Chandos Temple, Marquess cf Chandos/
318,20,26,30,31,32, 36,37.
=j=Mary Campbell, dau. of John Earl (aft. Marqu
I July, 1795- mar. by special licence, 13 May, 1819.
3) of Breadalbane ;
Riciiard-Plantacenct-Campbell-Grenville, Earl Temple, b. 10 Sept. 1823. Ann-Eliza-Marv-Campbeli -Grenville, b. 7. Feb. 1820.
In the beginning of the last century, soon after the erection of the new mansion by Richard Grenville,
Esq. about fifty-three acres, called Farm-close, Barber's-close, and the Wood-plain, then partly taken
into the gardens, were estimated only at 711. per ann. (exclusive of the house) and in 1713, there
were about eight copyholders who paid small acknowledgments for their respective lands and tene-
ments, or encroachments on the waste, to the Lord of the Manor, the whole not exceeding ll. 3s. Qd.
per ami.
A quit-rent of lis. per ami. payable by the Lord of the Manor of Wotton, to the Company of
Mercers of London, for messuages and lands within iheir manor, and 31. per ami. to the same com-
pany for a close called Caywhitts, and three butts in Red-field near Berry-field hedge, and for one
third part of a meadow in Little-West-Dean, held by lease : also 12s. per ami. to the churchwardens
of Wotton, to be employed as is directed in an indenture dated 17 May, 3 and 4 Philip and Mary,
altogether 4L Ss. reduced the rental of the estate of Richard Grenville, Esq. in Wotton, in
1713, to 718Z. 'is. per ami. clear; besides the woods, consisting of a coppice called the Grove, of forty-
two acres three roods thirty perches ; and coppices called Grenville's Woods, containing 122 acres three
roods two perches. In 1647, an admeasurement had been taken exactly agreeing with the preceding
account, since which Tydershall Wood, formerly 109 acres three roods sixteen perches, was re-
duced to ninety-two acres three roods.
In an account preserved by Browne Willis of the lands of Richard Grenville, Esq. 'in 1713, it is
stated, that in Wotton, Ashendon, Ham and Westcote adjacent, their extent amounted to about
5594 acres, in the hands of thirty tenants, at an annual rent of 9974Z. 5s. but by more recent state-
ments, it appears that the whole parish of Wotton, excepting only about ninety-three acres, with fifteen
acres of old inclosure, allotted under an Act of Parliament, which descended to the Reverend Edmund
Milward, of East Claydon, and is presumed to remain belonging to that family, is the property of
his Grace Richard Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, K. G.
VOL. I. 4 H
602 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
Neiv College, or Longueville Tithes. — A portion of tithes in Wotton given by Walter Giffard, Earl
of Buckingham, to the monastery of St. Faith at Longueville, founded circ. 1084, and to which the
Priory of Nevvton-Longueville, in Bucks, was a cell/ was transferred to that house;" and being so held
until the dissolution of Alien Priories, in 1415, the right to this payment became vested in the Crown
by an Act of Parliament, but in the 19th of Henry VI. was bestowed by that king upon New-College
in Oxford, at the request of Thomas Beckington, who had been one of the Fellows, afterwards
Rector of St. Leonard's, near Hastings, in Sussex, and of Sutton-Courteney in Berks, Dean of the
Arches, and from 1443 to 1464, Bishop of Bath and Wells, who was a generous benefactor to the
College. These tithes, in the Ecclesiastical Valuation of Henry VHL were estimated at 20s. per ann.
and continued to belong to New-College until the passing of an Act of Parliament for inclosing the
open fields, &c. of Wotton in 1742,^ under which an exchange was made between the Warden and
Scholars and Richard Grenville, Esq. then Lord of the INLinor, who granted, in lieu of the said tithes
then transferred to him, a yearly rent-charge of 5/. to be paid out of the proceeds of a piece of land
called Little-London, in the parish of Brill.'
Lands of Notleij Abbei/.— The lands here, which were given by the family of Rokeley or Rupel to
Notley-Abbey, continued in the possession of those Canons and their under-tenants from the reign of
Henry HI. vmtil the general dissolution of religious houses. In 1291, at the Ecclesiastical Taxation
of Pope Nicholas IV. their rents were stated at I7s.^ and about the same in the valuation of Hen. VIII.
After the dissolution, this estate was not granted with the demesnes and site of the Abbey, and
certain lands in the immediate vicinity of Notley, but remained in the Crown until conveyed to John
Risley of Chetwode, and by him (4 Eliz.) sold to Edward Grenville, Esq.*^ and thus being re-united
to the family estate has since descended therewith to his Grace Richard Duke of Buckingham and
Chandos, K.G. the present possessor.
The common fields, (five in number, north and south of the village) lawns, wastes, &c. within the
manor and parish of Wotton, (containing by estimation about 1068 acres) the several waste grounds, with
a common called Wotton Lawnd, of about .'jOO acres, were enclosed by an Act of Parliament passed in
1712 (15 Geo. II.) and Richard Grenville, Esq. of Wotton-Undcrwood, (afterwards Viscount and
Baron Cobham and Earl Temple) then Lord of the Manor, being the proprietor of the greatest part
of the said lands, which, together with estates in Brill, Borestall, and Nether-Winchendon, were com-
prised in a settlement made previous to his marriage with Anne his wife, in 1737,^ and limited and
settled upon the said Richard Grenville for life, with divers remainders over ; — and the Rev. John
Purnell, A.JNI. the Warden and Scholars of St. Mary's College of Winchester, in Oxford, commonly
called New College, were seised in fee simple of a portion of tithes within the parish, called Longueville
Tithes ; and the Most Reverend Father in God, John Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, &c. in right of
1 Omnes tlecimas de Domineo Chilton, Wotton, Dorton, &c. &c. See Nkwtox-Longueville, and the Charter at length.
• Account of Alien Priories, vol. i. p. 37, 38. 3 fttat. 15 Geo. II. * See Brill, p. 107.
5 Taxat. Eccles. P. Nic. p. 46. See also p. 229. '^ Ex. Archivis Rial Ducis Buck, et Chandos.
7 This settlement was by Indentures of Lease and Release, dated 3 and 4 May, 1737 : the Release of seven parts between
Richard Grenville, of 1st part; Anne Chambers, of the parish of St. James, Westminster, spinster, one of the daughters and
co-heirs of Thomas Chambers, late of Hanworth, co. Middlesex, Esq. deceased, of 2d part; Richard Lord Viscount Cobham,
and Hester Grenville, of Wotton, widow, mother of the said Richard Grenville, of the 3d part; the Right Honourable
Lady Elizabeth Germaine, widow, and the Honourable George Berkeley, of SaviUe-Row, in the parish of St. James, West-
minster, of the 4th part ; the Right Honourable Lord Vere Beauclerk, George Lyttleton, Esq. son and heir apparent of the
Honourable Sir Thomas Lyttleton, Bart., one of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, of the 5th part ; the Honour-
able Alexander Denton, Esq. one of His Majesty's Justices of the Court of Common Pleas, and the said Sir Thomas
Lyttleton, of the 6tli part ; and Thomas Pitt, of Boconnock, co. Cornwall, Esq. and Thomas Whitmore, of Alvcley, co.
Salop, Esq. of the 7th part. [Vide Stat. 15 Geo. II. Pr. c. 39.]
WOTTON-UNDERWOOD. 603
his Archiepiscopal See, was seised of the rectory and parsonage impropriate of Wotton, and of all
manner of tithes and glebe-lands to the same belonging ; held (excepting the advowson of the
church) by Gilbert Jackson, Esq. by indenture for twenty-one years from 20 March, 1740, under the
said Archbishop of Canterbury and his successors, at the annual rent of 20s. to the Archbishop, &c.
and 40Z. per ann. (likewise payable to him) for the use of the Curate of Wotton-Underwood : that
the Warden and Commonalty of the 3Ii/stery of Mercers were seised of the Manors or reputed
Manors of Wotton and Ham, or of one of them or part of them, and of divers lands, &c. in Wotton,
Ham, and.Waddesdon, and of lands lying dispersedly in the common fields of Wotton, and most of
which were then in the tenure of Rich. Grenville, Esq. on lease upon certain agreements : and
John Milward and John Beche, Gent, were seised of the remainder of the lands to be enclosed : and
Mr. Grenville, possessing a right of common without stint upon Wotton-Lawn, was permitted to
enclose the above-mentioned part of it, on condition that he subsequently confined himself to com-
monage on the lawn in the same proportion as other commoners, regulated by the extent of the
twenty-six acres allotted to him.^
THE MANSION,
erected by Richard Grenville, Esq. was begun in 1704, and completed in 1714, on a site a little
north-west of the old house, and on more elevated ground. It was a spacious regular building of brick,
with stone pilasters, cornices, window and door cases ; a flight of steps to the principal entrances, and
two square wings connected with the body of the house by semi-circular colonnades. One of these
wings contained the kitchen and domestic offices, the other the stables, &c. The principal approach
from the east was between rectilinear plantations of elms, forming spacious double avenues ; and im-
mediately in front of the building an inclosure of high iron palisadoes with lofty gates. The site is by
no means imposing, the grounds in general low and flat ; and the remarks made by that eminent anti-
quarian, Hearne, in his Diary, very correctly descriptive of the place. Hearne passed through Wotton
in 1716, in his road from Oxford to visit his friend Browne Willis, at Whaddon-Hall. " Leaving
Brill," says he, " I passed by Wotton, through the Common, where is a very fine new house of the
Greenvils, in which is a very curious painting, done by one Thornhill, a good artist, now living. This
is the same Thornhill that hath done the fine altar-piece in All-Souls'-Coll. Chapell, and the Painting
in the new Chapell at Queen's-Coll. This house at Wotton is badly situated, but as well as could be
in such a place. There are good fish ponds belonging to it." " It is said that a well was digged to
the depth of 100 feet, without finding any water." "
The gardens and pleasure-ground, on the south and west of the mansion, are varied by plantations,
and a lake of fifty or sixty acres ; but the general situation being low and flat, the views are confined ;
and the deep clayey soil is an obstacle to the improvements which a tasteful disposition of the scenery
might otherwise effect. The fertility and verdure of the fields are indeed everywhere remarkable ;
and there are abundance of forest trees, of immense growth and great beauty. One of the oaks.
1 The five fields were called Home-field, adjoining to Ermine-street-way and Cohvich Closes ; Westcott-Green, in Wad-
desdon parish and a little field towards Ashendon, called Colefield, Mill-field adjoining to West Cow Lease east of
Ashendon-field, south Red-field, south and west of Colefield, adjoining Dorton on the south, and Wooton-Lawn, west.
The Mercers' Company had seventy acres, south and north-west of the village ; south of the Lawnd, Dorton Homewood
(where was a lodge, when a forest) and a lawn leading to Brill and Oxford, above Mr. Grenville's Woods, Rushted Woods,
Gregory's Lawn, west and north, Clerefields in Brill and Ludgershall Field, beyond Tethersall Wood ; also Tetchwick
Grounds. [From an old Terrier, very minute.] ^ Willis's MSS.
604 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
twenty-four feet in girtli, was calculated to overspread an area of fifty yards in diameter, and lias
afforded a fine subject for the artist/ It grows about two furlongs south-south-east from the mansion,
but is not seen to advantage from the windows, many other large trees being interposed, and the oak
itself backed by a plantation.
The saloon and stair-case were painted by Sir James Thornhill, who was^mployed here, and resided
almost constantly at Wotton during three years, being " engaged at a salary of 1000/. per ami. and
his board." The drawing-room and other apartments were decorated with many beautiful carvings by
the justly celebrated Grinling Gibbons, whose skill excited general admiration, " by giving to wood
the loose and airy lightness of flowers, and who chained together the various productions of the dif-
ferent elements with the free disorder natural to each ;"" but these, with the house itself, its costly
furniture, pictures, and contents of the library, were doomed to destruction by an accidental fire
which broke out in the night of the 29th October, 1820, and raged with so much violence that the
Earl and Countess Temple, their infant daughter, the domestics, and a visitor by whom the confla-
gration WAS first discovered, escaped not without difficulty, and were sheltered in the house of the
worthy Minister of the parish. The building (excepting the wings) was completely destroyed in a
few hours. The fire is said to have originated from a stove in one of the rooms used as a nursery,
contiguous to a closet full of books and papers. The mansion has been' since rebuilt, but abridged
of some of the apartments, and not improved in its appearance.
THE VILLAGE,
besides the mansion-house, the ^Minister's neat, humble, snug, almost picturesque, dwelling, and farm-
houses irregularly distributed amongst pastures, consists of rows of small tenements, to each of which
a little plot of garden-ground is attached, built about the year 1817, by George JMarquess of Buck-
ingham, with some few more since added, the habitations chiefly of agricultural labourers.
FIELD-HAM, or WOTTON-HAM,
anciently so called, and since denominated Ham Closes, situated about a quarter of a mile from
Wotton, towards the east and north-east,^ adjoins that portion of the same small hamlet which has
been described in the parochial history of Waddesdon ;^ and part of it was, at an early period, the
property of the Knights' Templars, bestowed upon that order by Gerald de Grenville, probably very
early in the twelfth century.'' These two virgates of land formed, however, only a small part of Ham ;
the remainder was, at a later period, in the hands of the Company of Mercers ; two or three of the
closes annexed to the estate of the Grenvilles in Wotton, and one the property of the family of Beck,
inhabitants of Ham. The possessors or inhabitants of Wood-Ham anciently had right of common
in the woods contiguous, which, when in the hands of the Goodwyns, was relinquished, upon an
agreement, under which a portion of lands was transferred to the Grenvilles, and the woods w^ere
1 Sturt's Views of British Trees. = Lord Orford's Biography of Gibbons, and History of Windsor Castle, p. 86.
^ Willis's MSS. * See pages 487, 488.
5 In an account of the Donations to the Templars, is the following statement : — " Apud Hamme ex dono Giraldi de
Greinevill ii. virgates terrx, quas Will, de la Rokele tenet, pro dimidia raarca." [Monast. Anglic, vol.vi. p. 823.]
WOTTON-UNDERWOOD. 605
reserved to the family of Goodwyn. This portion Avas then called Ham-Strond ; and the Moat-
house, still retaining that appellation, is supposed to have been formerly Ham-hall.'
The relative situation of Ham, Wotton, and the neighbouring district, are curiously depicted in an
ancient map in the possession of Colonel Pigott, of Doddershall, by whose obliging permission the
Author has been permitted an opportunity of here inserting an engraving, reduced from the original
Survey, and which will require little farther explanation than to subjoin ; that besides many of those
objects to which reference has been already made in these pages, the a,ncient Roman Road between
Aylesbury and Bicester from Waddesdon to its entrance into Oxfordshire, and now part of the common
turnpike-road, and an old British track-way intersected by the Roman Road near Ham, and pointing
to the site of the royal residence on Brill-hill, afford support to the tradition of the former
having been called Rosamond's way, running between the woods from the King's hunting-seat to her
retreat or bower in the vicinity of Oving-hill," between Doddershall, Grendon and Ham, and the road
along the verge of the old Forest of Bernwode ; likewise strengthening the belief that the lands given
to the Templars and Flospitallers in this vicinage, as in other places, were provisions for maintaining
a kind of municipal protection to those travellers whose passage through these wild and dreary parts
of the country must have been, at an early period, extremely dangerous.
Whilst these and other sites cannot but be interesting to the antiquarian, and therefore seem to
be appropriate illustrations of a County History, the improvements of modern days, the rapidly ad-
vancing knowledge and melioration of the state of the people, to which they naturally attract at-
tention, must afford a real source of gratification to every reader.
The date annexed to the original Survey being 1530, is probably an error. The woods to which
Lady Pelham's name is attached, are, no doubt, faithfully traced ; but as her possession of them could
not have been until some years later, it seems more likely that 1580 or 1570 ought to have been
marked as the period of the Survey.
THE MANOR OF HAM
was acquired by Dean Colet, and by that benevolent and generous encourager of learning bestowed
upon St. Paul's School.
In 1511 (2 Hen. VHI.) Dean Colet applied for license to convey lands in Bucks, of 53/. annual
value, to some body corporate, for the maintenance of St. Paul's School, by him founded in the
beginning of that reign ; whereupon, by patent dated 6 June, he was empowered to grant lands of
that value to the Company of Mercers, of London; and by deed dated 12 July, 1511, the Dean
accordingly granted to the Warden and Commonalty of the Mystery of Mercire of London, the
Manors of FrtcAe, Wootlon, and Ham ; of Biinj and Wesfou-lunille, otherwise called Hijde; with
divers messuages, lands, and rents, in Aston-CUrdon, We.ndover, Sherrington, Weston-Tiirville,
Bedgrove, Bierton, Aylesbury, Winy rave, RoUesliam, Bourton, Halton, and Bromjhton ; others
called, Wendover-Lands,m Weston-Turvllle,&c. to hold to the said Warden and Commonalty, and their
successors for ever, for the continuance of the said School, &c. according to the ordinance of John
Colet, his heirs or executors thereafter to be made." In an account of the possessions of the School,
" the Mercers' Lands and Tenements in the County of Bucks," were stated at 52/. 1 Is. 9d. per ami.*
The Company of Mercers hold a Court Baron of the Manor of Ham cum Wotton, at the Farm
1 Autograph letter, dated 4 Oct. 1715, from the Rev. James Gibson, Curate of Wotton, to Br. Willis, Esq. inter MSS.
Willis, in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon.
2 In the Map, Woving, now called Oving-hill, and not far from it Sully Oak, (qu. South Lee Oak ?)
3 Charities of England and Wales, p. 31. + Carlisle's Gram. Schools, vol. ii. p. 72.
606 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
called the Moat-House. Their lands extend to Kingsvvood, in Ludgershall parish ; and Richard
Grenville, Esq. of Wotton, and others, owed suit and service and paid quit-rent to this Manor for
certain lands in Wotton.' The Moat-Farm is situated in the north-western part of this parish ; but
has nothing remarkable about it, besides the remaining banks of the Moat.
The Warden and Commonalty of the Mystery of Mercers in 1742, made an exchange with Richard
Grenville, Esq. who granted to them and their successors a rent charge o{ 1121. 2s. 8cl. per amm.,
payable out of a Manor-Farm in Nether-Winchendon," and other lands there, belonging to the said
Richard Grenville ; together with a fine of 300/. to be paid at the termination of every twenty-one
years at Mercers' Hall, to the said Warden and Commonalty, commencing at Michaelmas, 1752;
and a farther sum of 315/. as a fine, also payable every twenty-one years, commencing from Lady-
Day, 1757. In consequence of this agreement, the Manors or reputed Manors of Wotton and Ham
became vested in the said Richard Grenville, Esq. and have subsequently descended, together with
the rest of his estates, to his Grace Richard Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, K. G. who is the
present possessor.
THE ADVOWSON, RECTORY, AND PERPETUAL CURACY.
The Church of Wotton anciently belonged to the Priory of St. Gregory, founded by Lanfranc,
Archbishop of Canterbury, in the reign of the Conqueror, for Regular Canons of the Order of St.
Augustine ; and, according to some accounts, the first of that Order established in England. It was
made part of the endowment of Bentley-Priory, a Cell to St. Gregory's, near Harrow, in Middlesex,
which house was in possession of it at the time of the Ecclesiastical Taxation by order of Pope
Nicholas IV. circ. 1291, when the lands and rents were returned at 13s. per ann.^
At the dissolution of the smaller monastaries (27 Hen. VHI.) the lands of St. Gregory's Monas-
tery and Bentley-Priory were given to the King ; and subsequently, by an Act of Parliament, annexed
to the Archiepiscopal See of Canterbury; and continued so vested in the Archbishop and his succes-
sors in right of the See, until 1742, when John Lord Archbishop of Canterbury and George Jackson,
Esq. his lessee tenant of the Impropriate Rectory, Tithes, and Glebe Lands of Wotton, exchanged
with Richard Grenville, Esq. all the said Impropriate Rectory, Tithes, Glebe-Lands, and their
appurtenances (excepting the right of advowson and nomination of a curate to the Church of Wotton)
and received in lieu of and compensation for the same, Muswell-Farm, in the parishes of Brill and
Boarstall, together with an annual payment or composition for tithes and tenths of the said Farm,
amounting to 8/. 10s. per ami. ; the Impropriate Rectory being still charged with the payment of two
several yearly sums of 1/. lis. 9^d. and 3s. 8d. to the Curate of Wotton for the time being, and all
1 Willis's MSS. '-Page 530. 3 Taxat. Eccles. P. Nic. p, 46.
•* Priors of St. Gregory, in Canterbury. From Batte- William atte Thome, Canon of this Church, confirmed
ley's Cantuarise Sacra, &c. by Willis, in Hist. Abb. vol. ii. Prior 4 Id. June, 1349, installed 10 June following.
P- 927. Thomas, occurs 1403.
DuNSTAX, Prior, 1187. William de Canterbury, 1413.
Thomas, 1227. Thomas 1426 and 1443.
Nicholas, \14:L Thomas Wellys occurs 1512 and 1522; being then
Hugh, 1263. Suffragan Bishop of Sidon, and Rector of Woolwich, and
William, 1271. Vicar of Westgate, Canterbury.
Hejiry, 1275 and 1278. William.
Guy, 1293. John Simpkins occvLTS 1534; and, with six others, then
John de Sandivico, elected 7 Id. July, 1294. subscribed to the King's Supremacy, 9th Jan. and at the
Robert de Wenchepe, died 1349. Dissolution had 201. per ann. pension assigned to him.
WOTTON-UNDERWOOD. 607
other dues accustomed to be paid by the impropriate Rector, and all the estate of Richard Gren-
ville, Esq. in Wotton, being thereby from 25th March, 1742, for ever discharged and exonerated
from all tithes, &c.
By another exchange between Richard Grenville, Esq. and John Milward, Gent, of lands in
Wotton, for the mutual convenience of the parties, the estate of the said John Milward was, by the
same Act of Parliament, exempted from future payment of tithes, and a modus or composition of
4:1. 18s. 6d. to be paid annually in two equal payments at Michaelmas and Lady-day, agreed upon
instead thereof, to the said Richard Grenville, the Impropriator and his heirs, &c.
In 1805, George Marquess of Buckingham, then Impropriator and Lord of the Manor, having
augmented the Perpetual Curacy by a donation of 200Z., in addition to the like sum given by the
Governors of Queen Anne's bounty, the Archbishop conveyed to the Marquess of Buckingham, his
executors and assigns, under the authority of an Act of Parliament passed in 1714, entitled "An
Act for making more effectual her late Majesty's generous intentions for augmenting the maintenance
of the poor Clergy;^" the right of nomination or appointment to the Curacy, subject to the jurisdiction
of the Archbishop for the time being. By another Indenture dated 1 1 July, in the same year, the
Marquess of Buckingham covenanted and agreed to repair the chancel of the Church. -
Terriers of the possessions belonging to this benefice were made in 1617 and 1657, in which the
Church and Church-yard were said to occupy, by admeasurement, one acre and nineteen perches.
The Parsonage or Vicarage-house, adjoining to the Church-yard, being a small cottage thatched,
having two rooms below and two above, which, with two pightells (then laid into one), in which it
stands, contain by admeasurement three roods and three perches. Parsonage Close contains seven-
teen acres two roods ten perches. In an old MSS. book is the following entry : — •
" Mary Ayres, Widdow, hath one very little small house, the ground on which it standeth, and all which be-
longeth to it, is hardly 5 perches. I suppose it to be a late erection, built up since the Terrier of 1617 was made,
for in that terrier there is no mention at all made of any house in this place : she claimeth that it was her hus-
band's freehold ; but if it were so, it is forfeited to the Crowne : for her husband was about 24 or 23 yeares since
attaynted of Murder at Aylesbury Assizes and executed."^
In 1654, Sir John Wollaston, Knt. and others. Commissioners acting under the authority of the
governing powers for the sale of Crown lands and other estates which had fallen into their hands in
the Civil War, conveyed by deed, dated 23 July, to Robert Honywood, of Charing, co. Kent, Esq.
and James Shales, of London, Gent, (inter, al.) a messuage or tenement belonging to the Rectory of
Wotton-Underwood.
A Terrier, dated 13 Nov. 1724, described the following items as belonging to this benefice : —
Imprimis. The Church and Church-Yard.
Item. The Vicarage House and Pittle, not full an acre, adjacent to the Church- Yard.
Item. One small House.
Item. £40 p^ ann. payable out of the Rectory or Parsonage by half-yearly payments.
Item. Easter Offerings and such other dues as are usual.
Anciently the Church and Church-yard were repaired out of the revenues of the Church, and one
fourth part thereof appropriated for that purpose. The gates of the church-yard were repaired by
the parish, and the fence from the west to the south-west, and so to the east corner ; and it was re-
ported, on the tradition of many old people, that Mr. Robert Evans, formerly Minister, had 5/. given to
him to rail in that part of the church-yard, which he neglected to do ; and Mr. Gibson, Curate in 1723,
1 Stat. 1 Geo. I. c. 10. = Wotton Regist. ^ MS. in possession of the Rev. The. a Beckett Turner, Minister.
608
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
considered that " this afforded a presumption that that part of the fence had been customarily sustained
at the general charge, and made an entry in the Parish Register to the above effect in July, 1 723, to
prevent contention."
PERPETUAL CURATES.
John Wallingfobd, 1483.
John Eijer, 1.517.
Thomas Barns, 1525.
John Feld, 1561.
William Hobson, 1598; quitted for Ashendou, 1608.
Thomas Simpson, 1608; buried here 24 May, 1633.
Robert Evans, 1633; buried here 7 Oct. 1651. In
the Parliamentary Survey then made is the following
entry : — " There is no ecclesiastical living at Wooton-
Underwood, but only a stipend of 20Z. per ann. paid out
of the impropriate Parsonage to Mr. Robert Evans, who
supplyes the place by constantly preaching." '
John Barton, the ejected Vicar of Aylesbury, suc-
ceeded 1651, on Mr. Grenville's taking him into his
house here. He returned to Aylesbury in 1660.'-
William Squire, 1660; buried here 3 Jan. 1672.
Robert Vicaris, Curate of Ickford, 1668; he was also
Minister of Ashendon, 1671.^
Thomas Richards succeeded about 1 672, and occurs in
1677. He was buried here Feb. 7, 1678.
Ouyen Jones, 1678; quitted for Ambrosden, 1682. He
was of Pembroke College, Oxon ; A. M. 28 June, 1671;
and died at Ambrosden, 21 May, 1685.
John Doions, 1685; but quitted for a Benefice in
Gloucestershire.
James Gibson succeeded 29 Sept. 1703. He is said to
have given some assistance to Kennet, when compiling the
" Parochial Antiquities," especially in those parts of the
work which relate to Chilton, and Bernewode-Forest.*
He was also a correspondent of Browne Willis, amongst
whose MSS. in the Bodleian Library, some of his letters
are preserved. Besides the information which they were
designed to convey, they abound with very fi-iendly and
judicious remarks, which an humble follower in the same
track may be permitted to cite with emotions of grati-
tude and respect. " Pray sir," says Mr. Gibson, in one
of these letters, " don't undertake too much. If you do,
you will both spoil y' work and prejudice y'' own health.
'Tis not good to be too much a critick in any thing.
Give us what is usefull, and then the world will be
obliged to you. God direct and prosper you." ' In
another; "You talk of another survey. Sir, do not
undertake too much, I hear at more hands than one
you h'an't y"^ health. Inscriptions should be preserved
that are hkely to promote piety and charity, such as I
think y' verses upon Edward Grenville's ^ grave-stone, and
Anne Winchcombe's at Ashendon.""
Mr. Gibson was also during some years a domestic
tutor to Richard Grenville Earl Temple, and his }ounger
brother the Rt. Honourable George Grenville, afterwards
Secretary of State, &c. by whom he was often mentioned
with much affection and regard." He died here, and was
buried 20 Jan. 1740, having his name and that of his
wife inscribed on a grave-stone in the church-yard, under
the direction of George Marquess of Buckingham, and
the Rev. Thomas a Beckett, Curate.
Hugh Burdett, 1740.
Richard Jackson, 1742.
Hen. Ireland, 1744; buried here 11 March, 1756.
Lilly Butler, A. M. licenced as " Perpetual curate
of Wootton in the Deanery of Monks Risborough, in the
peculiar and immediate jurisdiction of the Cathedral and
Metropohtan Church of Christ, Canterbury," 16 March,
1756. He was of Clare Hall, Cambridge, A.B. 1754,
A.M. 1757; Vicar of Witham, co. Essex, on the pre-
sentation of the Crown in 1761 : Chaplain to his Excel-
lency George Marquess of Buckingham, when Lord
Lieutenant of Ireland, in 1782, and there exchanged
his English preferment with (qu? O'Connel, son
of the Bishop of Down,) and held an Irish Archdeaconry.
He was made Dean of St. Patrick's, and died at Boulogne
in January, 1792.
Thomas d Beckett, A.M. licensed 1782. He was of
Brazen-nose Coll. Oxon. A.M. 30 Oct. 1778: was
Curate of Grendon-Underwood in the same year, in the
incumbency of the Rev. Francis Gresley, Rector,^ and
assistant Curate of Edgcott: also during many years
Curate of Ludgershall, in the inciunbency of the Rev.
Tho. ]Martyn,io and resided there, until his appointment
to this benefice.
On the decease of his brother, William-Gilbert- Trowe-
Beckett-Turner, of Pemleigh House, Westbury, co. Wilts,
' MSS. in Lambeth Library. - See Aylesbury. ^ p. 3fi. i Nichols's Literary Anecdotes.
5 Addressed " To the Wpfull. Browne Willis, Esq. at Whaddon Hall," and signed Ja. Gibson. « See p. 614. 7 p. 39.
nparted to the writer by the late Rt. Hon. Lord Grenville. 9 P. 259. 1° P. 319.
" From information
WOTTON-UNDERWOOD. 609
in 1808 he took, by act of Parliament, the surname of the last will and testament (dated 29 May, 1772) of his
Turner, in addition to his paternal name, the same maternal aunt, Martha Turner, at her death in 1789;
having been used by his said brother, in pursuance of and also the arms of Turner quarterly.^
THE CHURCH,
dedicated to All Saints, is neatly built of stone ; about sixty feet long and twenty feet wide ; consists
of a square tower at the west end, surmounted by a modern spire and vane, altogether seventy-two
feet high ; a nave, south aisle, and chancel. On the north and south sides of the nave are two porches,
over the respective entrances ; and at the west end, a door into the belfry. Here are six good bells,
and a saint's bell : the treble was added by the munificence of George Marquess of Buckingham, in
1800 ; and the tenor then re-cast. In the tower are mullioned windows, and on the north side of the
nave are also three windows, and two in the chancel. On the south side of the nave, only one window,
but in the aisle are three windows full of armorial bearings of the Grenvilles and their alliances, in
coloured glass, principally the work of Mr. Francis Eggington, of Handsworth, near Birmingham. This
aisle was originally the chantry chapel, founded by William de Grenville, in 1343 ; rebuilt by Richard
Grenville, Esq. in 1710, and again in 1800, by his descendant, George Marquess of Buckingham.
On the central battlement of the tower at the west end is inscribed, —
THOMAS A BECKETT
HUJUSCE ECCLESIjE
PRESBYTER
MDCCC.
Attached to a buttress of the tower is a sundial, with the following motto, " Let not the sun go
down on thy wrath."
The font is of stone, large and ancient, supported by a round column. The arms of Queen Anne,
removed from the east end of the church, are affixed to the south wall of the nave, and the portraits
of Moses and Aaron on each side of the decalogue, placed opposite, were painted and presented by
Thornhill, whilst employed by Richard Grenville, Esq. At the west end of the nave is a plain unorna-
mented gallery for the use of the Grenville family. The pulpit in the north-east angle of the church
is modern, but the old square canopy or sounding-board of the time of King James I. is still permitted
to remain. Near the east end of the south wall of the chancel is a piscina, under a trefoil headed
arch. In the east window of the chancel which has three lights separated by mullions, and having
three large quaterfoils in the tracery above, under a pointed arch are the following armorial ensigns :
In the upper quaterfoil : — Vert on a cross Arg. five Earl of Carysfort, — impaling Grenville. Lower down :^
torteauxes Grenville, impaling Az. a chevron between Quarterly 1 and 4 Vert, hree eagles displayed in fess
three lions' heads, erased Or. Wyndham. Crest on a Or. 2 and 3 Arg. two foxes countersaliant in saltire,
wreath a garb of the field. On the dexter side, with an the dexter surmounted of the sinister, Gu. in dexter ch.
Earl's coronet, Erm. on a fess Gu. a lion passant Or. Pratt the canton of Ulster. Crest an eagle displayed Or.
1 Arms of the Rev. Thomas a Beckett Turner, Clerk, A.M. : — Quarterly 1 and 4 erminois a cross S. quarter pierced of
the field, between four trefoils slipped Vert as many fers de moline Arg. Turner : 2 and 3 Or. a chevron Gu. charged
with a fleur-de-lis between two annulets Or. between three lion's heads erased of the second, Beckett. Crest of Beckett
"•ranted 1808. On a wreath a fleur-de-lis, Az. surmounted with a lion's hea erased Erm. Crest of Turner : a
, lion passant gardant Or. on his side three quaterfoils Vert in his dexter paw a mill-rind S. and being descended from the
heiresses of Leigh, Keyser and Auncell, their coats may likewise be quartered ; viz. Arg. on a fess engrailed Gu. three cross-
crosslets Or. Per pale S. and Arg. a cross moline counter-changed. Arg. a fess Gu. between 3 bucks' faces cabossed S.
VOL. I. 4 I
610 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
J{'pm Burt, impaling Grenville. In the central division : brother of George Marquess of Buckingham. Grenvilk
Quarterly 1 and 4 Grenville. 2 Quarterly 1 and 4 Or. with a mullet pierced for diff. impahng Pitt. viz. Sable,
an eagle displayed S. 2 and .3 Arg. two bars S. each a fess cheque Az. and Arg. between three bezants,
charged with three martlets of the field, Temple. 3. Over it a Baron's coronet, William Wyndham, Lord
Nugent ; on an escutcheon of pretence, having above it a Grenville, third son of the Right Hon. George Gren-
Baron's coronet Nugent : the whole encircled with a garter ville; and his lady. In the sinister division: — Fortescue
beanng its proper motto, and over it a Marquess's coronet. impa\ing Grenville, under an Earl's coronet, for Hugh
This is the coat of George Marquess of Buckingham, Earl Fortescue and Hester Grenville. Below: — Crest, A
and his Lady, Elizabeth Mary, Baroness Nugent in bull's head S. and Arg. corned Or. issuant out of a
her own right. Lower down: — Grenmlle, with a crescent ducal coronet Proper: on the neck a rose Gu. In two
for difference, the Right Hon. Thomas Grenville, small quaterfoils : — Crests, a garb- Vert and a martlet
second son of the Right Hon. Geo. Grenville, and next for Grenville and Temple.
In the chancel are two atchievements with tlie arras, supporters, coronets, &c. of George Marquess
of Buckingham, and Elizabeth Mary Marchioness of Buckingham, in her own right Baroness
Nugent. The aisle is separated from the nave by a screen of stone, in which is a large arch closed
with iron gates. Within it, on the south side below the windows, are two rows of catacombs, fifteen
above and fifteen beneath them, each closed with an iron door, on which is a plate of brass inscribed
with the names of the persons deposited. Tlie armorial bearings of the Grenville family, and their
alliances, were placed in the windows by George Marquess of Buckingham, and said to have been
marslialled by Townshend, Herald, when the church was repaired in 1800.'
' In the east window, a ducal coronel; and below, — the crests of Grenville, Temple and Chandos. Lower down, on the
dexter side, Arms : Party per fess and pale, 1. Grenville. 2. Quarterly, Leofric and Temple. 3. Nugent. 4. Chandos.
5. Arg. a fess between three martlets S. 6. Or. a pile Gu. Chandos. 7. Arg. a saltire, Gu. on a chief of the last a
canton in a canton of the field a lion ramp. S. Bruce. 8. Seymour Royal. Az. two bars Arg. on a chief of the last
three .... a label of three points. France and England quarterly. Grenville impaling Campbell, viz. Quarterly 1
and 4 Gyrony Or. and S. 2 Arg. a lymphad with one mast, close sails, and oars in motion S. flag and pendants flying
Gu. 3 Or. a fess cheque Arg. and Az.
On the sinister side: Per fess and pale of six. Land 6. Grenville. 2. Leofric a.nd Temple, quarterly. 3. Nugent.
4. Arg. a wyvern Gu. its tail nowed. 5. Az. a chev. between three annulets Or. Grenville impaling Paulett, — the
arms of Lord George Grenville, Baron Nugent, and those of his Lady.
In three trefoils below : Temple quarterly, encircled with a garter bearing its motto, under an earl's coronet. Quarterly,
under a viscount's coronet, 1. Temple. 2. Arg. three laurel leaves erect, slipped Vert. Leveson. 3. Arg. two chev-
ronels S. between them three negroes' heads couped proper, Sandys. 4. Party per pale, Arg. and S. two chev. the upper
Arg. charged with three lioncels ramp. S. the nether Or. charged with a lion ramp. S. impaling the same coat counter-
changed, encircled with the garter. A marquess's coronet, and below it, crest of Nugent encircled with a garter, &c.
A marquess's coronet, and below it, the arms of George Marquess of Buckingham and his Lady (with her proper coronet
over an escutcheon of pretence, as Baroness Nugent in her own right) encircled with the garter, &c. Nugent in a
lozenge, with a baroness's coronet. Nugent encircled with the garter, and over the arms an earl's coronet. A baron's
coronet; and within a garter, Gu. on a chev. Arg. three lioncels ramp. S. Cobham. A marquess's coronet, and within
a garter, &c. a wyvern its tail nowed, Vert, wattled, Gu. Crest of Nugent.
In the eastern window, in the side of the aisle :— Nugent quarterly, with the crest. Or. three eagles displayed Vert,
Gedney. Barry of six, Vaire and Gu. Ingleram. Arg. three boars' heads couped S. Barton. S. between three bezants on
a fess Or. three lions' heads erased of the field, Spencer of Badby.— Quarterly 1 and 4 Arg. 2 and 3 Gu. a frette Or.
surtout a bend S. charged with 3 escalops Arg. Sj)encer. Gu. three stirrups in pale, Or. Deverell. Arg. a fess dancett^e,
Gu. Bene. Cheque Arg. and Az. Gallon. Or. on a pale Az. three crescents of the field. Turnham. Arg. on a bend S.
a hawk's lure Or. Brock.— S. three bells Arg. a canton Erm. Porter. Erm. a fess Az. charged with a ribband wavy Or.
Whatno. Gu. on a chev. Arg. a lion ramp. S. crowned Or. Brook. Erm. on a chief S. three stags' heads cabossed. Or.
Hannap. Arg. seven mascles conjoined 3, 3 and l.Gu. Bray broke. Gu.five mascles in fess Or. Newmarch. Gu. a fess dan-
cett^e Or. between ten cross crosslets, 3 and 2 and 3 and 2, Arg. Ledett. Erm. two bars nebulee Gu. Foliot. Az. a fess
dented between six garbs, 3 and 3, Or. Raincourt. St. Amand. Gu. a fess between six cross crosslets 3 and 3, Arg.
Haversham. Cobham, Baron. Arg. a chev. between three eagles' gambs erased S. Bray modern. Vaire three bends Gu.
Bray ancient. The same coat, — Arg. on a bend Gu. three goats trippant Arg. Halliwell. S. a chev. between three
WOTTON-UNDERWOOD. 611
At the west end, between the catacombs and wall, is the recumbent statue of a female in a
the screen, in a niche in the lower part of the close dress, the sleeves fastened by bunches of
bulls' heads cabossed Arg. in fess point a fleur-de-lis, Norhury. Barry of six Arg. and Az. over all a bend Gu.
Gant. Gu. a fess cheque Arg. and S. between six crosslets pat^e fitch^e 3 and 3 of the first, Botteler. Gu. two
bars Erm. Pantulph. Or. frett^e Gu. a canton Arg. Fitz-Noel. Or. two bends Gu. Sudeley. Bendy of ten Or. and Az.
Montfort. Arg. a lion ramp. S. crowned Or. within an orle of billets of the second 3 and 2, and 2 and 3. Be la Plaunch-
Gu. a fess between six cross crosslets Arg. Peverell. S. a cross Or. between four bees proper, Crozier. Az. a
chev. Or. Dabernon. Or. in ch. three morions in fess, in base a lion passant gardant S. Knapp. Party per fess and
pale of six pieces S. and Or. each charged with a trefoil counterchanged, Simeon.
In the central window : Arms and crest of Grenville. On the dexter side ; Leofric and Temple. On the sinister
&\Ae, Nugent. Below, Grenville. Botteler. Arg. two talbots passant S. Brecon. Arg. two bars Az. over all a bend Erm.
Gant, Baron. Barry of six Arg. and Az. over all a bend Gu. in chief a torteaux. Grey. — Gu. a bend Arg. over all a fess
Or. Crespon. Or. three chevrons Gu. Clare. Arg. senile of cross crosslets, a lion ram.p. S. Gu. a buck's head ca-
bossed Arg. Darfon. Or. frettee Gu. a canton Arg. Party per pale Arg. and Gu. Waldegrave. Barry often Arg. and
S. Wolwardington. Gu. two bars Arg. on a chief Or, a lion passant S. Inglefield of Warwickshire. Gu. a fess Az. be-
tween four dexter hands couped at the wrist Or. Quatermain. Bretton. Grey of Rotherjield. — Gant. Crespon. — Clare.
Arg. semee of cross crosslets, a lion ramp. S. — Barton. Or. frettee Gu. a canton Arg. Quarterly Leofric and
Temple. — Grenville. Ov. on a cross Gu. five estoils of six points wavy of the field, Lincoln. Arg. a chev. Gu. charged
with three cinquefoils of the field between three cross crosslets S. Smith, The same arms. Smith. Az. three leaves
slipped Or. Leveson. Arg. within a bordure Gu. two bendlets wavy S. between as many tigers' faces of the second,
Clement. Arg. a chev. Gu. charged with three bezants between three cinquefoils Az. Presttvood. Erm. within a bordure
a lion ramp. S. Rushall. Arg. a chev. between three cinquefoils Warsted. Hampton. Gu. five martlets 2 12 Or. on a chief
crenelle of the last three diadems Az. Bodley. Gu. three bars. Arg. in a canton of the last a castle of the field, Dene.
Arg. within a bord. S. a fess dancettee Gu. Bedene. Or. within a bordure Gu. a lion ramp. S. Podenham. Arg. on
a chev. S. three cross crosslets of the field, Atte Towne. Cheque Or. and Az. on a fess Or. a lion passant S. Pichford.
S. six lioncels Arg. 3 2 1. Betling. Az. a chevron engrailed between three martlets, two in chief aflfrontee, one in base,
all Arg. Shelving. Gu. three bars Arg. on a canton of the last a castle of the field, Chelwick.
In the western window : — Quarterly, 1. Grenville. 2. Quarterly Zeo/>ic and Temple. 3. Nugent. 4. Chandos. On
an escutcheon of pretence, Party per fess and pale 1. Chandos. 2. Bruce. 3. Quarterly 1 and 4 Arg. and S. a pile
charged with .... 2 and 3 Gu. a maunch Or. 4. Az. two bars Arg. on a chief of the last two torteauxes, with a label of
three points. 5. Arg. four bars Gu. surtout a lion ramp. Or. 6. France quartering Giffard Earl of Buckingham. An
earl's coronet. Crest of Chandos, a human head and demy portraiture in a vest striped Arg. and Gu. with torteaux
and plates alternately thereon, the head turbaned Az. and Arg. — On the dexter side : Chandos. Arg. a fess between
three martlets S. Edwardes. — On the sinister side, two coats : 1. Chandos. 2. Gu. on a chev. Or, three mullets S.
between in chief three tigers' faces Or. — Below : Quarterly 1 Arg. within a bordure a fess between three lozenges Az.
Parry. 2. Arg. on a bend, Az. three escalops of the field, a crescent of the second for diff. Bernard. 3. S. a bend Arg.
charged with a mullet pierced between six cross crosslets fitchee Arg. Luke. 4. Az. three crescents Or. — Arg. a saltire
G. on a chief of the last in a canton of the field, a lion ramp. S. Bruce. Or. a chev.G. a label of five points Az. Stafford.
Arg. a chev. Az. Or. a fess Az. Gyrony Or and Az. in fess point an inescutcheon Gu. Be Lisle. Or. frettee Gu. on a
canton Az. a cross patonce Arg. Malbane. Arg. three piles Gu. a canton of the last. Or. two bars Gu. charged with
three water bougets Arg. Willoughby. — Seymour Royal. — Gu. three crescents Or. — Vaire, Beauchamp. — Arg. on a chief
Gu. a label of five points Or. Az. three escalops Or. Arg. three demy lions rampant Gu. Sturmyn. — Erm. three bars Gu.
— Barry of six Arg. and Az. in ch. three torteauxes, a label of three points. Az. three cinqiiefoils Arg. Az. a chief and
three chevronels braced in base Or. Fitz-Hugh. Or. a maunch Gu. Hastings. Gu. three leopards' faces jessant fleur-de-lis
Or. Cantelupe. Or. three inescutcheons Vaire, over all two bars Gu. S. six horse shoes Or. 3 2 1. Ferrers of Groby.
Gu. a cinquefoil Erm. Bellamont. — Gu. three clarions Or. Granville or Fitz-Hamon. Gu. a lion pass. gard. crowned
Or. Gloucester. Az. a lion ramp. gard. Or. Hamon, E. of Thorigny. Quarterly Or. and Gu. a bend S. a label of
five points for diff". The last described coat within a bordure Vaire.— Gi^arrf Earl of Buckingham. Or. a chief Az.
Vert, a cross engrailed Erm. Whetenall oi Kent. — Gu. a lion ramp. Arg. Seagrave. Giffard Earl of Buckingham. Gu.
a lion ramp. Or. Albini. Arg. three bendlets Gu. Nigel. Arg. a canton and a fess Gu. Widville. — 6. S. six mullets
pierced Arg. Giffard. Giffard Earl of Buckingham. Or. a crow proper; a label of two points Az. — S. frettee
Arg. — Beaufort. Barry of ten Arg. and S. a lion ramp. Or. Brandon. Az. a cross moline Or. Eresby. Lozengy Gu.
and Erm. Rokeley. Arg. a lion ramp. S. guttle d'Or. Or. in a canton Az. a fess between three heads of the field . . .
Arg. a fess between in ch. two crescents, in base a bugle horn stringed S. Or. frettee S. on a chief of the last three
612
ASHENDON HUNDRED.
roses ; both hands broken off. This has been re-
moved from its original situation, the feet lying
towards the south. On the verge of a crocketed
arch of Coade's artificial stone, above the statue,
agnes Oe aBigijtljam upor (SuUelmi De
(Srenebple ©Mt Sinn, mccclyjcjrlij. cujus annne
propitictur Deus. amen.
At the east end, correspondent to this arch, is
another, without any effigy ; but on the verge,
©ulielmus De (Srenebple Dominus De
motion Ijujusfe capellae fimDatov mcccjcUtj.
©biit mcccUi ciijus anime propitietur Deug,
SJmen.
Against the lower part of the screen, on the
north side, near the last mentioned, is a corres-
pondent arch thus inscribed :
©ustadjeDc CKiencbjjIc g>eigv» tie SlSJotlon
qui cut pour feme i^iaiQueiite tie li5r^en.
iJ^ui mouiut sang I-ggu ©l ©UCaftetf) tie Bot-
tiUcv tiont tl cut irotjs fils. 31 ticjspagga I'au
tie ©race mccrclixx iDiici 13tcu pour son
alme.
Above is a small kneeling effigy, in plate ar-
mour, on a bracket affixed to the wall.
Near the ceiling, at the east end, are two
shields with arms of Grenville.
On another arch against the north screen, near
the west end, the following :
©j) ^iist
<25U|ai)et!j aFile ^ ?^eiuicre tie g)ire lSau=
tiointie IJotiUci- tiee^clmgcoteeo. tic asaartnic
crt)ib^ jfeme tx inccccltjc tic fSitmixt
©ujstacljc tie ©rentbiile §>etegneui: tie WAou
ton: iSXui trespagga ran', tie Orace
mccccl;;t)c tie CBiuele alme 33teu eit JWerci,
amen.
Above this, is a bracket with a female figure
kneeling.
On a mural tablet of Sussex marble, between
the windows :
Here lieth the body of Richard Grenville, Esq. Lord
of this Manor, who died the 10"' of Jan. Ao. 1665, in
the 54"' year of his age.
On a tablet of white marble, also affixed to the
south wall, the arms of Grenville,m a lozenge, with:
bezants. — France and England quarterly. Sa. a chev. Erm. between three oval buckles Arg. Bradbury. France and
England (\w9iX\.ev^ , within a bor dure Az. componee of fleur-de-lis and martlets alternately Or. France and England
quarterly within a bordure counter componee Arg. and Az. Az. a lion ramp, between ten fleures-de-lis Arg. Gu. a
fess between six cross crosslets 3 and 3, Or. Chequfe Or. and Az. a chev. Erm. Guy. Gu. two bars Or. — Erra. a
lion ramp Gu. crowned Or. 2. France and England quarterly. Gyrony Or. and Az. in fess point an inescutcheon Gu,
De Lisle, Earl of Flanders. Arg. a fess between four cotises wavy Gu. Eliot. Arg. a saltire Gu. a label of three
points Az. S. six lioncels ramp. 3. 2. 1, Arg. a label of five points Gu. Detling. Vaire, three pales Gu. on a chief
Or. a lion ramp. S. Arg. six escalops 3. 2. 1. S. Riddlesford. — France and England quarterly, a label of three points,
Arg. — Az. a cross moline between four martlets Or.— Or. a fess Gu. Party per ])ale Or. and Vert, a lion ramp. Gu. de-
bruised by a bend Arg. Gu. a pale Or. Grentrnaisell. Gu. ten bezants 4. 3. 2. 1. Zouch. Gu. ten mascles 4. 3. 2. 1.
Or. Or. three piles Gu. — Or. a cross Gu. Ulster. Az. a cross patonce separating four martlets Or. Arg. a lion ramp,
crowned Az. a chief Gu. Paly of six Arg, and Gu. (qu ?) Az. six garbs 3. 2. 1. Or. Keveliok. Arg. a lion ramp. Gu. —
Chetwode. — Az. a wolf's head erased Arg. Vert, an eagle (or qu ? a wyverne) displayed, Or. — Arg, a fess Gu. in chief
two mullets. Heritage. — Arg. a saltire Gu. frett^e Or. — 3. Or. frettee Gu. 4. Vaire, Or. and Gu. Ferrers. Hamon, TLutI
ofThorigny. — Gu. a lion ramp. Or. with a label of three points Az. Gu. three lucies in pale Arg. Lucy, Per pale indented
Arg. and S. — Arg. a cross engrailed separating four water bougets Gu. Bourchier Earl of Ewe. — Gu. a fess between
four cotises Arg. — Az. a chev. erm. cotised Or. between three harpies displayed of the last. Ledett. Arg. on a fess S. three
mullets of the field. Everton. France and England quarterly within a bordure Arg, Paly of six Arg. and S. a fess Gu.
Vert, a lion ramp. Or. — Arg. on a bend S. three horned-owls Arg. Saville. Gu. a cross patt^e charged with five ermines.
Attowne. [According to Edmondson.] Arg, a fess between three escalops Or. Chamberlain. Or. two bars, in fess point,
a fleur-de-lis Az. — Duke of Normandy. Arg. within a bordure Gu. two bars, S. — Arg. three chaplets Gu. Lascelles. —
Arg. on a fess S. three mullets pierced Or. in dexter chief an ermine. — The colours in some instances are very indistinct,
perhaps some of the bearings incorrectly blazoned, which may be excused, this noble family claiming a right to more than
seven hundred quarterings. [See a description of Shields of Arms recently put up in the hall of Wotton-house. London :
printed 1823 ; attributed to the pen of Sir Scrape Bernard-Moreland, Bart, in ivhich are introduced impalements of Grey
and Ferrers of Groby, Grey and Widville, Grey and Bonville, Brandon and Tudor, Grey and Brandon, Seymour and
Grey, Bruce and Seymour, Bruce and Saville, Brydges and Bruce, c^c. ^5-0.]
WOTTON-UNDERWOOD.
613
M. S.
Dmn*. Eleanore Grenvile Filiae natu maximae
Richardi Grenvile Armigeri et Elizabethae conjugis
ejus charissimae Virginis nullis non amabilis. Parentibus
vero et Deo sacrse. Valetudine adversa, felicissimo in-
genio, imbecilli corpore, anima vero immensa et labore
prorsus invicta quam ut pietate simul et humaiiioribus
Uteris Gallicis Romanis juxta et Graecis tantum ultra
aetatem quantum sexum exeoluerat aliisque faeminam
quae aut decent aut ornant mundi taedio elanguens veluti
Deo purganda ipso Purificationis festo obtulit.
. „ 5 -'Eta. xvij.
■ ^Dom. MDCLXXXVIII.
Siste proeul nee parva licet sint marmora, sperne
Nescis in hoc minimo pulvere quanta latent ?
Juno, Minerva, Venus, tres una in Virginae Divae
Aut certe istarum munera Diva jacent.
Quippe tumescebant majores corpore dotes,
Nee poterat tantas parva tenere domus;
Ergo tecta Deum subiit Christumque petivit
Dignior humano conjuge digna Deo.
On a large slab of Bethersden marble, removed
from the floor of the old chapel to the wall at the
west end, are effigies in brass, here represented :
At their feet, these lines :
Thou mortal man that wouldest attayne
The happie haven of heavenly rest
Prepare thyself, of Graces all
Fayth and^ Repentance are the best.
Round the verge of the stone, in very large
Roman capitals :
Here under lyeth the body of Edwarde Greneville,
Esq. late Lord of this Towne, who married Alice the
daughter of William Haselwood, and had issue by her
on Sonne who dyed yonge, which Edward deceased the
xxxi of October, MCCCCCLXXXVIJ.
Willis mentions this monument, and that three
coats of arms had been before his time torn from
614
ASHENDON-HUNDRED.
the stone. He also notices another with the date
1647, of which there are now no remains; but
which was probably one of the mouldering and
decayed stones of the floor of the chantry, before
it was rebuilt. Perhaps it might have been de-
signed for Anne, wife of Richard Grenville, Esq.
who is recorded in the Parish Register to have
been buried here, in January, 1646.
On small oval brasses, inlaid in the stones of
the pavement :
Henry Grenville, third son of Richard Grenville, Esq.
and Hester Temple his wife, died P'. May, 1716,
aged 2.
Richard Percy Grenville, eldest son of the R'. Hon.
George Grenville and Elizabeth Wyndham his wife,
died 9 July, 1759, aged 8.
Mary Grenville, infant daughter of George Earl
Temple and Mary Elizabeth Nugent his wife, died 10
April, 1782.
Elizabeth Grenville, daughter of Richard Grenville,
Esq. and Ann Chambers his wife, died 14 July, 1742,
aged 4.
On the doors of the catacombs, beginning at
the west end. Above :
Richard Grenville, Esq. son of Richard Grenville,
Esq. and Eleanor Temple his wife, died 17 Feb. 1727,
aged 49.
Below :
M.'\ Eleanor Grenville, daughter of Sir Peter Tem-
ple, Kn'. widow of Richard Grenville, Esq. died 6"'
Oct^ 1752, aged 72.
Captain Thomas Grenville, of His Majesty's Ship
Defiance, fifth son of Richard Grenville, Esq. and
Hester Temple his wife, slain' 3 May, 1747, aged 28.
The R'. Hon*'''. George Grenville, second son of
Richard Grenville, Esq. and Hester Countess Temple
his wife, died 13* Nov^ 1770, aged 58.=
The Hon. M". Elizabeth Grenville, daur. of the R<.
Hon. Sir William Wyndham, Bar', wife of the R'. Hon.
Geo. Grenville, died 5 Dec^ 1769, aged 53.
Above :
The most Noble George-Nugent-Temple-Grenville
Marquis of Buckingham, Earl Temple, Viscount and
Baron Cobham and Earl Nugent in Ireland, Knight of
the most Noble Order of the Garter, died 11 Feb. 1813,
aged 59.
Below :
(J< The most Noble Mary-Elizabeth Nugent-Temple-
Grenville Marchioness of Buckingham, wife of George
Marquis of Buckingham, and in her own right Baroness
Nugent, of Carlanstown in Ireland, died 10 March,
1812, aged 54.
The R'. Hon'='^ Richard-Grenville-Temple Earl
Temple, Viscount and Baron Cobham, Knight of the
most Noble Order of the Garter, died 12 Sept^ 1779,
aged 69.
Below :
The R'. Hon*"'". Anne-Grenville-Temple Countess
Temple, daughter and coheir of Thomas Chambers,
Esq. wife of Richard Earl Temple, died 7 April, 1777,
aged 66.
1 His mortal wound was received in the thi^h by a splinter of his shattered ship, one of the earliest which came
into action in the engagement in May, 1747, under Admiral Anson. He was a brave and valiant officer, a gen-
tleman of true courage and distinguished humanity, a generous commander, easy of access to the meanest sailor as to the
highest officers, and mutually respected by all. His men loved and esteemed him as a father ; and his family and
friends entertained so high a sense of his merit, that a magnificent naval column was erected as a memorial of his worth
by his uncle. Lord Viscount Cobham, in the beautiful gardens at Stowe, of which it continues to be one of the most in-
teresting ornaments. His corpse was landed in Stokes-Bay, near Plymouth, 22d May, 1747, in solemn and melancholy
pomp, and thence removed to Wotton.
* The following epitaph on this distinguished minister of state.
Whoe'er thou art, prince, senator, or peer,
Blush not to pause, and leave a tribute here,
Revere a life in Fame's fair pages known.
And in thy country's wound lament thy own :
In public toils, truth cheer'd his thorny way,
And led him spotless to his close of day :
Taught him to labour wisdom's richest mine.
Exhaust her treasures, and her ores refine :
So quick his thought, so bright his manly sense.
That Nature's flow was polish'd eloquence :
is attributed to George Lord Lyttelton : —
Wise without craft, in council deep and clear.
Firm when he lov'd ; opposing, not severe.
Here humble tears of social virtue flow,
And mingle with the streams of public woe ;
Regret the tranquil scenes of life o'ercast —
The summer darken'd, and the vision past ;
Lament the husband's faith, the parent's care
The gay companion, and the friend sincere.
Such Grenville was ! — to weep is friendship's pledj:
To blame the act of Heaven is sacrilege.
WOTTON-UNDERWOOD. 615
The two last mentioned were buried at Stowe, On two ordinary grave- stones in the church-
but removed by direction of George Marquess of yard, on the south side.
Buckingham (their nephew) between the period -phe Reverend James Gibson, Minister of Wotton
of the interment of Mary-Elizabeth Marchioness 37 years and 2 months. He died Jan''. 15"' 1740, aged
of Buckingham, in March, 1812, and his Lord- 71 years.i
ship's decease in the next year ; and here depo- In memory of Margery the wife of James Gibson,
sited. Minister; who died October, 1728, aged 72.
THE REGISTER,
which begins in 1599, besides numerous entries which have supplied accurate dates inserted in the
Grenville Pedigrees, contains some few remarkable entries, amongst which are the following :
Richard, eldest son of Rich. Grenville, Esq. and Anne asked according to law, and they were married at Collet
his wife, certified to have been born on Thursday, 14th (Cohvich) Hoivse, by John Barton, Minister of Wotton,
Jan. and baptized 19th Jan. 1646, by Obadiah Sedgwick, Aug. 8d, 1656.
Rector of Covent Garden, London, in that church. Richard Plantagenet Earl Temple, of Pail-Mall, and
Elianor, daur. of Rich. Grenville, Esq. and Elianor his the R' Hon. Mary Campbell, married by special licence
wife, bap. 25 Nov. 1672, at St. Giles's-in-the-Fields, in St. James's Church, Westminster, 13 May, 1819,
Middlesex, by Simon Patricke, D.D. in the presence of many noble persons and others, who
George, son of Richard Grenville, jun. Esq. and signed the Register, of which a certificate having been
Esther his wife, born in the parish of St. Martin's, obtained, a copy thereof is inserted in the Register of
Westminster, 14 Oct. bapt. 11 Nov. 1712. Wotton.
John Bradbury, of Great Horwood, and Mary Dorrell, Mrs. Frances Tirrell, wife of Mr. Thomas Tirrell, of
of Warmestone, came before Mr. Richard Grenville, of Thrapp [Castlethorpe], and mother of Mr. Rich. Gren-
Wotton, Esq. to be contracted, and to have their banns ville, of Wotton, buried 1 Dec. 1653.
It deserves to be mentioned, that in order effectually to ensure the preservation of the Parochial
Register, the present worthy and diligent Incumbent, at the suggestion of the late Marquess of
Buckingham and Lord Grenville, took the pains of making an exact and literal transcript of the
whole volume from its commencement, and has continued the duplicate with the most commendable
accuracy and assiduity.
PAROCHIAL CHARITY SCHOOL.
A school was established here by Mary Marchioness of Buckingham, in her own right Baroness
Nugent, for all the poor children of both sexes, inhabitants of Wotton : the boys being instructed
in reading, writing, and arithmetic, and the girls taught the various domestic works of sewing, knitting,
lace-making, and manufacturing articles of straw. The children are clothed uniformly ; the boys in
brown with green collars (the livery colour of the Grenville family) ; the girls in white, with fillets of
green binding : and all of them attend divine service on Sundays at Wotton-Church. After the
decease of the Marchioness of Buckingham," this School was supported by another brilliant ornament
1 See page 607.
2 Of the benevolence of this amiable lady, the following burst of elegant panegyric, appended to a discourse
preached in the Cathedral Church of Winchester, by that learned and eloquent divine, Dr, Rennell, Dean of
Winchester, is at once so pathetic and so just, that it can not be omitted. Celebrating with even more than his
usual brilliancy and animation, the beneficence of the Marchioness of Buckingham to the emigrant Priests,
616 ASHENDON HUNDRED.
of the same noble family, Anna-Eliza-Chandos Countess Temple, afterwards Marchioness of Buck-
ingham, and ultimately Duchess of Buckingham and Chandos, whose amiable and munificent dis-
position, whose bright example and unaffected piety, gave additional lustre to the highest rank, and
have secured for her memory lasting and imperishable re spect and gratitude.
who, in the French Revolution, found an asylum in England, he says, " Concerning this most excellent
personage, it is difficult indeed to speak ; but to those who have ever witnessed her condescending goodness, it is more
difficult to be silent. I can not refrain from observing, that her whole conduct and every action of her life, demonstrates
to those of high rank and great opulence, what awful talents are committed to their charge ; and how conducive to real
happiness both these may be rendered, by directing the one to the furtherance of virtue and piety, and the other to a
course of active and systematic benevolence. When the residence of the Marchioness of Buckingham in this city shall
cease, every lover of religion, and every child of sorrow and calamity, will follow her with tears and benedictions." [Ren-
nell's Sermon on the Principles of French Republicanism, 26 Oct. 1793.] It may likewise be added, that amongst
numerous instances of her judicious bounty, her kind and consolatory attentions were unremittingly directed to the poor
French orphan children, for whom her Ladyship established a school at Winchester, and of which a grateful Record is
inscribed on a marble erected by the late Lord Grenville, to mark the affectionate feelings of the objects of her bounty.
" The works by Charity and Mercy done,
High o'er the wreck of time shall live alone ;
Immortal as the Heavens, and glorious bloom.
To other worlds, and realms beyond the tomb."
END OF THE FIRST VOLUME.
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